--- a/model/ProvenanceModel.html Wed Sep 07 16:09:02 2011 +0100
+++ b/model/ProvenanceModel.html Wed Sep 07 16:34:18 2011 +0100
@@ -1529,23 +1529,43 @@
<section id="expression-Participation">
<h3>Participation</h3>
-<p> <dfn id="dfn-Participation">Participation</dfn> represents the involvment of a thing in an activity. It can be asserted or inferred.</p>
+<p>A <dfn id="dfn-Participation">participation expression</dfn> is a representation of the involvment of a characterized thing in an activity. A participation expression can be asserted or inferred.</p>
-<p>The construct <dfn id="dfn-hadParticipant">hadParticipant</dfn>, noted <span class="name">hadParticipant(pe,e)</span>,
+<p>In the Provenance Abstract Syntax Notation, a participation expression's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">participation</span> production of the grammar defined in this specification document.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">participation</span> :=
+<span class="name">hadParticipant</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>An instance of the participation expression,
+noted <span class="name">hadParticipant(pe,e)</span> in the Provenance Abstract Syntax Notation:
<ul>
-<li> refers to a process execution <span class="name">pe</span>;
-<li> refers to an entity <span class="name">e</span>;
+<li> refers to a process execution denoted by identifier <span class="name">pe</span> and representing an activity;
+<li> contains an identifier <span class="name">e</span> denoting an entity, which is
+a representation of a characterized thing involved in this activity.
</ul>
+<p>A thing's participation in an activity can be by direct use or direct control. But also, if a thing and situation are characterized in two complementary manners (and are represented by two entity expressions related by <span class="name">isComplementOf</span>), if one of them participates in an activity, so does the other. The following captures the definition of participation.</p>
+
<div class='constraint' id='participation'>
<a name="PIL:0014">
-Given a process execution <span class="name">pe</span> and entity <span class="name">e</span>, <span class="name">hadParticipant(pe,e)</span> holds <span class='conditional'>if and only if</span>:
+Given two identifiers <span class="name">pe</span> and <span class="name">e</span>, respectively denoting a process execution and an entity, the expression <span class="name">hadParticipant(pe,e)</span> holds <span class='conditional'>if and only if</span>:
<ul>
<li> <span class="name">used(pe,e)</span> holds, or</li>
<li> <span class="name">wasControlledBy(pe,e)</span> holds, or</li>
-<li> <span class="name">wasComplementOf(e1,e)</span> holds for some entities <span class="name">e1</span>, and
- <span class="name">hadParticipant(pe,e1)</span> some process execution <span class="name">pe</span>.</li>
+<li> <span class="name">wasComplementOf(e1,e)</span> holds for some entity identified by <span class="name">e1</span>, and
+ <span class="name">hadParticipant(pe,e1)</span> holds some process execution identified by <span class="name">pe</span>.</li>
</ul>
</a> [<a
href="../ontology/ProvenanceFormalModel.html#PIL:0014">PIL:0014</a>]