--- a/mention/prov-mention.html Sun Nov 11 13:24:59 2012 -0500
+++ b/mention/prov-mention.html Sun Nov 11 14:08:09 2012 -0500
@@ -692,6 +692,12 @@
<section id="mention-o">
<h2>Ontological Definition of Mention</h2>
+<p>
+ <a href="#mentionOf" class="qname">prov:mentionOf</a> is a special type of <span class="repeated">prov:specializationOf</span> whose subject presents as an aspec
+t a particular <span class="repeated">prov:Bundle</span> in which its more general Entity was described (<a href="#asInBundle" class="qname">prov:asInBundle</a> is u
+sed to cite the Bundle in which the generalization was mentioned).
+</p>
+
</section>
<section id="mention-n">
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/mention/prov-mention.ttl Sun Nov 11 14:08:09 2012 -0500
@@ -0,0 +1,1342 @@
+@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
+@prefix : <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+
+rdfs:comment
+ a owl:AnnotationProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment ""@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+
+rdfs:isDefinedBy
+ a owl:AnnotationProperty .
+
+rdfs:label
+ a owl:AnnotationProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment ""@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+
+rdfs:seeAlso
+ a owl:AnnotationProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment ""@en .
+
+owl:Thing
+ a owl:Class .
+
+owl:versionInfo
+ a owl:AnnotationProperty .
+
+<http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#>
+ a owl:Ontology ;
+ rdfs:comment """This document is published by the Provenance Working Group (http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/Main_Page).
+
+If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to public-prov-comments@w3.org (subscribe public-prov-comments-request@w3.org, archives http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/). All feedback is welcome."""@en ;
+ rdfs:label "PROV-O"@en ;
+ rdfs:seeAlso <http://www.w3.org/TR/prov#>, <http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/> ;
+ owl:versionIRI <http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20121111/prov.owl> ;
+ :wasRevisionOf <http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/prov.owl> .
+
+:Activity
+ a owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "Activity" ;
+ owl:disjointWith :Entity ;
+ :category "starting-point" ;
+ :component "entities-activities" ;
+ :constraints "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-constraints.html#prov-dm-constraints-fig"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :definition "An activity is something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with entities; it may include consuming, processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, or generating entities." ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-Activity"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :n "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-Activity"^^xsd:anyURI .
+
+:ActivityInfluence
+ a owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:comment "ActivityInfluence provides additional descriptions of an Activity's binary influence upon any other kind of resource. Instances of ActivityInfluence use the prov:activity property to cite the influencing Activity."@en, "It is not recommended that the type ActivityInfluence be asserted without also asserting one of its more specific subclasses."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "ActivityInfluence" ;
+ rdfs:seeAlso :activity ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf :Influence, [
+ a owl:Restriction ;
+ owl:maxCardinality "0"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
+ owl:onProperty :hadActivity
+ ] ;
+ owl:disjointWith :EntityInfluence ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :editorsDefinition "ActivitiyInfluence is the capacity of an activity to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of another by means of generation, invalidation, communication, or other."@en .
+
+:Agent
+ a owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "Agent" ;
+ owl:disjointWith :InstantaneousEvent ;
+ :category "starting-point" ;
+ :component "agents-responsibility" ;
+ :definition "An agent is something that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place, for the existence of an entity, or for another agent's activity. "@en ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-agent"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :n "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-Agent"^^xsd:anyURI .
+
+:AgentInfluence
+ a owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:comment "AgentInfluence provides additional descriptions of an Agent's binary influence upon any other kind of resource. Instances of AgentInfluence use the prov:agent property to cite the influencing Agent."@en, "It is not recommended that the type AgentInfluence be asserted without also asserting one of its more specific subclasses."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "AgentInfluence" ;
+ rdfs:seeAlso :agent ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf :Influence ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :editorsDefinition "AgentInfluence is the capacity of an agent to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of another by means of attribution, association, delegation, or other."@en .
+
+:Association
+ a owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:comment "An instance of prov:Association provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasAssociatedWith relation from an prov:Activity to some prov:Agent that had some responsiblity for it. For example, :baking prov:wasAssociatedWith :baker; prov:qualifiedAssociation [ a prov:Association; prov:agent :baker; :foo :bar ]."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "Association" ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf :AgentInfluence ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "agents-responsibility" ;
+ :definition "An activity association is an assignment of responsibility to an agent for an activity, indicating that the agent had a role in the activity. It further allows for a plan to be specified, which is the plan intended by the agent to achieve some goals in the context of this activity."@en ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-Association"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :n "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-Association"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :unqualifiedForm :wasAssociatedWith .
+
+:Attribution
+ a owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:comment "An instance of prov:Attribution provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasAttributedTo relation from an prov:Entity to some prov:Agent that had some responsible for it. For example, :cake prov:wasAttributedTo :baker; prov:qualifiedAttribution [ a prov:Attribution; prov:entity :baker; :foo :bar ]."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "Attribution" ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf :AgentInfluence ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "agents-responsibility" ;
+ :constraints "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-constraints.html#prov-dm-constraints-fig"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :definition """Attribution is the ascribing of an entity to an agent.
+
+When an entity e is attributed to agent ag, entity e was generated by some unspecified activity that in turn was associated to agent ag. Thus, this relation is useful when the activity is not known, or irrelevant."""@en ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-attribution"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :n "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-attribution"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :unqualifiedForm :wasAttributedTo .
+
+:Bundle
+ a owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:comment "Note that there are kinds of bundles (e.g. handwritten letters, audio recordings, etc.) that are not expressed in PROV-O, but can be still be described by PROV-O."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "Bundle" ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf :Entity ;
+ :category "expanded" ;
+ :definition "A bundle is a named set of provenance descriptions, and is itself an Entity, so allowing provenance of provenance to be expressed."@en ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-bundle-entity"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :n "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-bundle-declaration"^^xsd:anyURI .
+
+:Collection
+ a owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "Collection" ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf :Entity ;
+ :category "expanded" ;
+ :component "collections" ;
+ :definition "A collection is an entity that provides a structure to some constituents, which are themselves entities. These constituents are said to be member of the collections."@en ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-collection"^^xsd:anyURI .
+
+:Communication
+ a owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:comment "An instance of prov:Communication provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasInformedBy relation from an informed prov:Activity to the prov:Activity that informed it. For example, :you_jumping_off_bridge prov:wasInformedBy :everyone_else_jumping_off_bridge; prov:qualifiedCommunication [ a prov:Communication; prov:activity :everyone_else_jumping_off_bridge; :foo :bar ]."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "Communication" ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf :ActivityInfluence ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "entities-activities" ;
+ :constraints "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-constraints.html#prov-dm-constraints-fig"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :definition "Communication is the exchange of an entity by two activities, one activity using the entity generated by the other." ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-Communication"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :n "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-wasInformedBy"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :unqualifiedForm :wasInformedBy .
+
+:Delegation
+ a owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:comment "An instance of prov:Delegation provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:actedOnBehalfOf relation from a performing prov:Agent to some prov:Agent for whom it was performed. For example, :mixing prov:wasAssociatedWith :toddler . :toddler prov:actedOnBehalfOf :mother; prov:qualifiedDelegation [ a prov:Delegation; prov:entity :mother; :foo :bar ]."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "Delegation" ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf :AgentInfluence ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "agents-responsibility" ;
+ :definition """Delegation is the assignment of authority and responsibility to an agent (by itself or by another agent) to carry out a specific activity as a delegate or representative, while the agent it acts on behalf of retains some responsibility for the outcome of the delegated work.
+
+For example, a student acted on behalf of his supervisor, who acted on behalf of the department chair, who acted on behalf of the university; all those agents are responsible in some way for the activity that took place but we do not say explicitly who bears responsibility and to what degree."""@en ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-delegation"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :n "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-delegation"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :unqualifiedForm :actedOnBehalfOf .
+
+:Derivation
+ a owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:comment "An instance of prov:Derivation provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasDerivedFrom relation from some derived prov:Entity to another prov:Entity from which it was derived. For example, :chewed_bubble_gum prov:wasDerivedFrom :unwrapped_bubble_gum; prov:qualifiedDerivation [ a prov:Derivation; prov:entity :unwrapped_bubble_gum; :foo :bar ]."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "Derivation" ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf :EntityInfluence ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "derivations" ;
+ :constraints "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-constraints.html#prov-dm-constraints-fig"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :definition "A derivation is a transformation of an entity into another, an update of an entity resulting in a new one, or the construction of a new entity based on a pre-existing entity."@en ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-Derivation"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :n "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#Derivation-Relation"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :unqualifiedForm :wasDerivedFrom .
+
+:EmptyCollection
+ a owl:Class, owl:NamedIndividual ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "EmptyCollection"@en ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf :Collection ;
+ :category "expanded" ;
+ :component "collections" ;
+ :definition "An empty collection is a collection without members."@en .
+
+:End
+ a owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:comment "An instance of prov:End provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasEndedBy relation from some ended prov:Activity to an prov:Entity that ended it. For example, :ball_game prov:wasEndedBy :buzzer; prov:qualifiedEnd [ a prov:End; prov:entity :buzzer; :foo :bar; prov:atTime '2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00'^^xsd:dateTime ]."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "End" ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf :EntityInfluence, :InstantaneousEvent ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "entities-activities" ;
+ :constraints "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-constraints.html#prov-dm-constraints-fig"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :definition "End is when an activity is deemed to have been ended by an entity, known as trigger. The activity no longer exists after its end. Any usage, generation, or invalidation involving an activity precedes the activity's end. An end may refer to a trigger entity that terminated the activity, or to an activity, known as ender that generated the trigger."@en ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-End"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :n "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-End"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :unqualifiedForm :wasEndedBy .
+
+:Entity
+ a owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "Entity" ;
+ owl:disjointWith :InstantaneousEvent ;
+ :category "starting-point" ;
+ :component "entities-activities" ;
+ :constraints "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-constraints.html#prov-dm-constraints-fig"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :definition "An entity is a physical, digital, conceptual, or other kind of thing with some fixed aspects; entities may be real or imaginary. "@en ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-entity"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :n "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-Entity"^^xsd:anyURI .
+
+:EntityInfluence
+ a owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:comment "EntityInfluence provides additional descriptions of an Entity's binary influence upon any other kind of resource. Instances of EntityInfluence use the prov:entity property to cite the influencing Entity."@en, "It is not recommended that the type EntityInfluence be asserted without also asserting one of its more specific subclasses."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "EntityInfluence" ;
+ rdfs:seeAlso :entity ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf :Influence ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :editorsDefinition "EntityInfluence is the capacity of an entity to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of another by means of usage, start, end, derivation, or other. "@en .
+
+:Generation
+ a owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:comment "An instance of prov:Generation provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasGeneratedBy relation from a generated prov:Entity to the prov:Activity that generated it. For example, :cake prov:wasGeneratedBy :baking; prov:qualifiedGeneration [ a prov:Generation; prov:activity :baking; :foo :bar ]."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "Generation" ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf :ActivityInfluence, :InstantaneousEvent ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "entities-activities" ;
+ :constraints "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-constraints.html#prov-dm-constraints-fig"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :definition "Generation is the completion of production of a new entity by an activity. This entity did not exist before generation and becomes available for usage after this generation."@en ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-Generation"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :n "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-Generation"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :unqualifiedForm :wasGeneratedBy .
+
+:Influence
+ a owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:comment "An instance of prov:Influence provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasInfluencedBy relation from some influenced Activity, Entity, or Agent to the influencing Activity, Entity, or Agent. For example, :stomach_ache prov:wasInfluencedBy :spoon; prov:qualifiedInfluence [ a prov:Influence; prov:entity :spoon; :foo :bar ] . Because prov:Influence is a broad relation, the more specific relations (Communication, Delegation, End, etc.) should be used when applicable."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "Influence" ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "derivations" ;
+ :definition "Influence is the capacity of an entity, activity, or agent to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of another by means of usage, start, end, generation, invalidation, communication, derivation, attribution, association, or delegation."@en ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-influence"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :n "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-influence"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :unqualifiedForm :wasInfluencedBy .
+
+:InstantaneousEvent
+ a owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:comment "An instantaneous event, or event for short, happens in the world and marks a change in the world, in its activities and in its entities. The term 'event' is commonly used in process algebra with a similar meaning. Events represent communications or interactions; they are assumed to be atomic and instantaneous."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "InstantaneousEvent" ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "entities-activities" ;
+ :constraints "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-constraints.html#dfn-event"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :definition "The PROV data model is implicitly based on a notion of instantaneous events (or just events), that mark transitions in the world. Events include generation, usage, or invalidation of entities, as well as starting or ending of activities. This notion of event is not first-class in the data model, but it is useful for explaining its other concepts and its semantics."@en .
+
+:Invalidation
+ a owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:comment "An instance of prov:Invalidation provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasInvalidatedBy relation from an invalidated prov:Entity to the prov:Activity that invalidated it. For example, :uncracked_egg prov:wasInvalidatedBy :baking; prov:qualifiedInvalidation [ a prov:Invalidation; prov:activity :baking; :foo :bar ]."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "Invalidation" ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf :ActivityInfluence, :InstantaneousEvent ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "entities-activities" ;
+ :constraints "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-constraints.html#prov-dm-constraints-fig"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :definition "Invalidation is the start of the destruction, cessation, or expiry of an existing entity by an activity. The entity is no longer available for use (or further invalidation) after invalidation. Any generation or usage of an entity precedes its invalidation." ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-Invalidation"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :n "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-Invalidation"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :unqualifiedForm :wasInvalidatedBy .
+
+:Location
+ a owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "Location" ;
+ rdfs:seeAlso :atLocation ;
+ :category "expanded" ;
+ :definition "A location can be an identifiable geographic place (ISO 19112), but it can also be a non-geographic place such as a directory, row, or column. As such, there are numerous ways in which location can be expressed, such as by a coordinate, address, landmark, and so forth."@en ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-attribute-location"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :n "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-attribute"^^xsd:anyURI .
+
+:Organization
+ a owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "Organization" ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf :Agent ;
+ :category "expanded" ;
+ :component "agents-responsibility" ;
+ :definition "Agents of type Organization are social institutions such as companies, societies etc." ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-agent"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :n "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-types"^^xsd:anyURI .
+
+:Person
+ a owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "Person" ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf :Agent ;
+ :category "expanded" ;
+ :component "agents-responsibility" ;
+ :definition "Agents of type Person are people."@en ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-agent"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :n "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-types"^^xsd:anyURI .
+
+:Plan
+ a owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:comment "There exist no prescriptive requirement on the nature of plans, their representation, the actions or steps they consist of, or their intended goals. Since plans may evolve over time, it may become necessary to track their provenance, so plans themselves are entities. Representing the plan explicitly in the provenance can be useful for various tasks: for example, to validate the execution as represented in the provenance record, to manage expectation failures, or to provide explanations."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "Plan" ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf :Entity ;
+ :category "expanded", "qualified" ;
+ :component "agents-responsibility" ;
+ :definition "A plan is an entity that represents a set of actions or steps intended by one or more agents to achieve some goals." ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-Association"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :n "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-Association"^^xsd:anyURI .
+
+:PrimarySource
+ a owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:comment "An instance of prov:PrimarySource provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:hadPrimarySource relation from some secondary prov:Entity to an earlier, primary prov:Entity. For example, :blog prov:hadPrimarySource :newsArticle; prov:qualifiedPrimarySource [ a prov:PrimarySource; prov:entity :newsArticle; :foo :bar ] ."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "PrimarySource" ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf :Derivation ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "derivations" ;
+ :definition """A primary source for a topic refers to something produced by some agent with direct experience and knowledge about the topic, at the time of the topic's study, without benefit from hindsight.
+
+Because of the directness of primary sources, they 'speak for themselves' in ways that cannot be captured through the filter of secondary sources. As such, it is important for secondary sources to reference those primary sources from which they were derived, so that their reliability can be investigated.
+
+A primary source relation is a particular case of derivation of secondary materials from their primary sources. It is recognized that the determination of primary sources can be up to interpretation, and should be done according to conventions accepted within the application's domain."""@en ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-primary-source"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :n "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-original-source"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :unqualifiedForm :hadPrimarySource .
+
+:Quotation
+ a owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:comment "An instance of prov:Quotation provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasQuotedFrom relation from some taken prov:Entity from an earlier, larger prov:Entity. For example, :here_is_looking_at_you_kid prov:wasQuotedFrom :casablanca_script; prov:qualifiedQuotation [ a prov:Quotation; prov:entity :casablanca_script; :foo :bar ]."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "Quotation" ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf :Derivation ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "derivations" ;
+ :definition "A quotation is the repeat of (some or all of) an entity, such as text or image, by someone who may or may not be its original author. Quotation is a particular case of derivation."@en ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-quotation"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :n "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-quotation"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :unqualifiedForm :wasQuotedFrom .
+
+:Revision
+ a owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:comment "An instance of prov:Revision provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasRevisionOf relation from some newer prov:Entity to an earlier prov:Entity. For example, :draft_2 prov:wasRevisionOf :draft_1; prov:qualifiedRevision [ a prov:Revision; prov:entity :draft_1; :foo :bar ]."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "Revision" ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf :Derivation ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "derivations" ;
+ :definition "A revision is a derivation for which the resulting entity is a revised version of some original. The implication here is that the resulting entity contains substantial content from the original. Revision is a particular case of derivation."@en ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-revision"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :n "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-Revision"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :unqualifiedForm :wasRevisionOf .
+
+:Role
+ a owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "Role" ;
+ rdfs:seeAlso :hadRole ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "agents-responsibility" ;
+ :definition "A role is the function of an entity or agent with respect to an activity, in the context of a usage, generation, invalidation, association, start, and end."@en ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-attribute-role"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :n "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-attribute"^^xsd:anyURI .
+
+:SoftwareAgent
+ a owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "SoftwareAgent" ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf :Agent ;
+ :category "expanded" ;
+ :component "agents-responsibility" ;
+ :definition "A software agent is running software."@en ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-agent"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :n "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-types"^^xsd:anyURI .
+
+:Start
+ a owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:comment "An instance of prov:Start provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasStartedBy relation from some started prov:Activity to an prov:Entity that started it. For example, :foot_race prov:wasStartedBy :bang; prov:qualifiedStart [ a prov:Start; prov:entity :bang; :foo :bar; prov:atTime '2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00'^^xsd:dateTime ] ."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "Start" ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf :EntityInfluence, :InstantaneousEvent ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "entities-activities" ;
+ :constraints "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-constraints.html#prov-dm-constraints-fig"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :definition "Start is when an activity is deemed to have been started by an entity, known as trigger. The activity did not exist before its start. Any usage, generation, or invalidation involving an activity follows the activity's start. A start may refer to a trigger entity that set off the activity, or to an activity, known as starter, that generated the trigger."@en ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-Start"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :n "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-Start"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :unqualifiedForm :wasStartedBy .
+
+:Usage
+ a owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:comment "An instance of prov:Usage provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:used relation from some prov:Activity to an prov:Entity that it used. For example, :keynote prov:used :podium; prov:qualifiedUsage [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :podium; :foo :bar ]."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "Usage" ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf :EntityInfluence, :InstantaneousEvent ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "entities-activities" ;
+ :constraints "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-constraints.html#prov-dm-constraints-fig"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :definition "Usage is the beginning of utilizing an entity by an activity. Before usage, the activity had not begun to utilize this entity and could not have been affected by the entity."@en ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-Usage"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :n "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-Usage"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :unqualifiedForm :used .
+
+:actedOnBehalfOf
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "An object property to express the accountability of an agent towards another agent. The subordinate agent acted on behalf of the responsible agent in an actual activity. "@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Agent ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "actedOnBehalfOf" ;
+ rdfs:range :Agent ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasInfluencedBy ;
+ owl:propertyChainAxiom (:qualifiedDelegation
+ :agent
+ ) ;
+ :category "starting-point" ;
+ :component "agents-responsibility" ;
+ :inverse "hadDelegate" ;
+ :qualifiedForm :Delegation, :qualifiedDelegation .
+
+:activity
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:domain :ActivityInfluence ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "activity" ;
+ rdfs:range :Activity ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :influencer ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :editorialNote "This property behaves in spirit like rdf:object; it references the object of a prov:wasInfluencedBy triple."@en ;
+ :editorsDefinition "The prov:activity property references an prov:Activity which influenced a resource. This property applies to an prov:ActivityInfluence, which is given by a subproperty of prov:qualifiedInfluence from the influenced prov:Entity, prov:Activity or prov:Agent." ;
+ :inverse "activityOfInfluence" .
+
+:agent
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:domain :AgentInfluence ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "agent" ;
+ rdfs:range :Agent ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :influencer ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :editorialNote "This property behaves in spirit like rdf:object; it references the object of a prov:wasInfluencedBy triple."@en ;
+ :editorsDefinition "The prov:agent property references an prov:Agent which influenced a resource. This property applies to an prov:AgentInfluence, which is given by a subproperty of prov:qualifiedInfluence from the influenced prov:Entity, prov:Activity or prov:Agent."@en ;
+ :inverse "agentOfInfluence" .
+
+:alternateOf
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:domain :Entity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "alternateOf" ;
+ rdfs:range :Entity ;
+ rdfs:seeAlso :specializationOf ;
+ :category "expanded" ;
+ :component "alternate" ;
+ :constraints "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-constraints.html#prov-dm-constraints-fig"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :definition "Two alternate entities present aspects of the same thing. These aspects may be the same or different, and the alternate entities may or may not overlap in time."@en ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-alternate"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :inverse "alternateOf" ;
+ :n "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-alternate"^^xsd:anyURI .
+
+:aq
+ a owl:AnnotationProperty ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:seeAlso .
+
+:asInBundle
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment """The prov:mentionOf and prov:asInBundle properties are \"at risk\" (http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr#cfi) and may be removed from this specification based on feedback. Please send feedback to public-prov-comments@w3.org.
+
+These two properties are used to encode the PROV-DM's Mention construct (http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-mention), which might be removed from PROV if implementation experience reveals problems with supporting this construct. """@en, "When :x prov:mentionOf :y and :y is described in Bundle :b, the triple :x prov:asInBundle :b is also asserted to cite the Bundle in which :y was described."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Entity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "asInBundle" ;
+ rdfs:range :Bundle ;
+ :category "expanded" ;
+ :inverse "contextOf" ;
+ :sharesDefinitionWith :mentionOf .
+
+:atLocation
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "The Location of any resource."@en, "This property has multiple RDFS domains to suit multiple OWL Profiles. See <a href=\"#prov-o-owl-profile\">PROV-O OWL Profile</a>." ;
+ rdfs:domain [
+ a owl:Class ;
+ owl:unionOf (:Activity
+ :Agent
+ :Entity
+ :InstantaneousEvent
+ )
+ ] ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "atLocation" ;
+ rdfs:range :Location ;
+ :category "expanded" ;
+ :editorialNote "The naming of prov:atLocation parallels prov:atTime, and is not named prov:hadLocation to avoid conflicting with the convention that prov:had* properties are used on prov:Influence classes."@en, "This property is not functional because the many values could be at a variety of granularies (In this building, in this room, in that chair)."@en ;
+ :inverse "locationOf" ;
+ :sharesDefinitionWith :Location .
+
+:atTime
+ a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "The time at which an InstantaneousEvent occurred, in the form of xsd:dateTime."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :InstantaneousEvent ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "atTime" ;
+ rdfs:range xsd:dateTime ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "entities-activities" ;
+ :sharesDefinitionWith :InstantaneousEvent ;
+ :unqualifiedForm :endedAtTime, :generatedAtTime, :invalidatedAtTime, :startedAtTime .
+
+:category
+ a owl:AnnotationProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "Classify prov-o terms into three categories, including 'starting-point', 'qualifed', and 'extended'. This classification is used by the prov-o html document to gently introduce prov-o terms to its users. "@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+
+:component
+ a owl:AnnotationProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "Classify prov-o terms into six components according to prov-dm, including 'agents-responsibility', 'alternate', 'annotations', 'collections', 'derivations', and 'entities-activities'. This classification is used so that readers of prov-o specification can find its correspondence with the prov-dm specification."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+
+:constraints
+ a owl:AnnotationProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "A reference to the principal section of the PROV-CONSTRAINTS document that describes this concept."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:seeAlso .
+
+:definition
+ a owl:AnnotationProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "A definition quoted from PROV-DM or PROV-CONSTRAINTS that describes the concept expressed with this OWL term."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+
+:dm
+ a owl:AnnotationProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "A reference to the principal section of the PROV-DM document that describes this concept."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:seeAlso .
+
+:editorialNote
+ a owl:AnnotationProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "A note by the OWL development team about how this term expresses the PROV-DM concept, or how it should be used in context of semantic web or linked data."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+
+:editorsDefinition
+ a owl:AnnotationProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "When the prov-o term does not have a definition drawn from prov-dm, and the prov-o editor provides one."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :definition .
+
+:endedAtTime
+ a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "The time at which an activity ended. See also prov:startedAtTime."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Activity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "endedAtTime" ;
+ rdfs:range xsd:dateTime ;
+ :category "starting-point" ;
+ :component "entities-activities" ;
+ :editorialNote "It is the intent that the property chain holds: (prov:qualifiedEnd o prov:atTime) rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:endedAtTime."@en ;
+ :qualifiedForm :End, :atTime .
+
+:entity
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:domain :EntityInfluence ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "entity" ;
+ rdfs:range :Entity ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :influencer ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :editorialNote "This property behaves in spirit like rdf:object; it references the object of a prov:wasInfluencedBy triple."@en ;
+ :editorsDefinition "The prov:entity property references an prov:Entity which influenced a resource. This property applies to an prov:EntityInfluence, which is given by a subproperty of prov:qualifiedInfluence from the influenced prov:Entity, prov:Activity or prov:Agent." ;
+ :inverse "entityOfInfluence" .
+
+:generated
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:domain :Activity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "generated" ;
+ rdfs:range :Entity ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :influenced ;
+ owl:inverseOf :wasGeneratedBy ;
+ :category "expanded" ;
+ :component "entities-activities" ;
+ :editorialNote "prov:generated is one of few inverse property defined, to allow Activity-oriented assertions in addition to Entity-oriented assertions."@en ;
+ :inverse "wasGeneratedBy" ;
+ :sharesDefinitionWith :Generation .
+
+:generatedAtTime
+ a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "The time at which an entity was completely created and is available for use."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Entity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "generatedAtTime" ;
+ rdfs:range xsd:dateTime ;
+ :category "expanded" ;
+ :component "entities-activities" ;
+ :editorialNote "It is the intent that the property chain holds: (prov:qualifiedGeneration o prov:atTime) rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:generatedAtTime."@en ;
+ :qualifiedForm :Generation, :atTime .
+
+:hadActivity
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "The _optional_ Activity of an Influence, which used, generated, invalidated, or was the responsibility of some Entity. This property is _not_ used by ActivityInfluence (use prov:activity instead)."@en, "This property has multiple RDFS domains to suit multiple OWL Profiles. See <a href=\"#prov-o-owl-profile\">PROV-O OWL Profile</a>." ;
+ rdfs:domain :Influence, [
+ a owl:Class ;
+ owl:unionOf (:Delegation
+ :Derivation
+ :End
+ :Start
+ )
+ ] ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "hadActivity" ;
+ rdfs:range :Activity ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "derivations" ;
+ :editorialNote "The multiple rdfs:domain assertions are intended. One is simpler and works for OWL-RL, the union is more specific but is not recognized by OWL-RL."@en ;
+ :inverse "wasActivityOfInfluence" ;
+ :sharesDefinitionWith :Activity .
+
+:hadGeneration
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "The _optional_ Generation involved in an Entity's Derivation."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Derivation ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "hadGeneration" ;
+ rdfs:range :Generation ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "derivations" ;
+ :inverse "generatedAsDerivation" ;
+ :sharesDefinitionWith :Generation .
+
+:hadMember
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:domain :Collection ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "hadMember" ;
+ rdfs:range :Entity ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasInfluencedBy ;
+ :category "expanded" ;
+ :component "expanded" ;
+ :inverse "wasMemberOf" ;
+ :sharesDefinitionWith :Collection .
+
+:hadPlan
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "The _optional_ Plan adopted by an Agent in Association with some Activity. Plan specifications are out of the scope of this specification."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Association ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "hadPlan" ;
+ rdfs:range :Plan ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "agents-responsibility" ;
+ :inverse "wasPlanOf" ;
+ :sharesDefinitionWith :Plan .
+
+:hadPrimarySource
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:domain :Entity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "hadPrimarySource" ;
+ rdfs:range :Entity ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasDerivedFrom ;
+ owl:propertyChainAxiom (:qualifiedPrimarySource
+ :entity
+ ) ;
+ :category "expanded" ;
+ :component "derivations" ;
+ :inverse "wasPrimarySourceOf" ;
+ :qualifiedForm :PrimarySource, :qualifiedPrimarySource .
+
+:hadRole
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "The _optional_ Role that an Entity assumed in the context of an Activity. For example, :baking prov:used :spoon; prov:qualified [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :spoon; prov:hadRole roles:mixing_implement ]."@en, "This property has multiple RDFS domains to suit multiple OWL Profiles. See <a href=\"#prov-o-owl-profile\">PROV-O OWL Profile</a>." ;
+ rdfs:domain :Influence, [
+ a owl:Class ;
+ owl:unionOf (:Association
+ :InstantaneousEvent
+ )
+ ] ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "hadRole" ;
+ rdfs:range :Role ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "agents-responsibility" ;
+ :editorsDefinition "prov:hadRole references the Role (i.e. the function of an entity with respect to an activity), in the context of an instantaneous usage, generation, association, start, and end."@en ;
+ :inverse "wasRoleIn" ;
+ :sharesDefinitionWith :Role .
+
+:hadUsage
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "The _optional_ Usage involved in an Entity's Derivation."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Derivation ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "hadUsage" ;
+ rdfs:range :Usage ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "derivations" ;
+ :inverse "wasUsedInDerivation" ;
+ :sharesDefinitionWith :Usage .
+
+:influenced
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "influenced" ;
+ owl:inverseOf :wasInfluencedBy ;
+ :category "expanded" ;
+ :component "agents-responsibility" ;
+ :inverse "wasInfluencedBy" ;
+ :sharesDefinitionWith :Influence .
+
+:influencer
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "Subproperties of prov:influencer are used to cite the object of an unqualified PROV-O triple whose predicate is a subproperty of prov:wasInfluencedBy (e.g. prov:used, prov:wasGeneratedBy). prov:influencer is used much like rdf:object is used."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Influence ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "influencer" ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-influence"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :editorialNote "This property and its subproperties are used in the same way as the rdf:object property, i.e. to reference the object of an unqualified prov:wasInfluencedBy or prov:influenced triple."@en ;
+ :editorsDefinition "This property is used as part of the qualified influence pattern. Subclasses of prov:Influence use these subproperties to reference the resource (Entity, Agent, or Activity) whose influence is being qualified."@en ;
+ :inverse "hadInfluence" .
+
+:invalidated
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:domain :Activity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "invalidated" ;
+ rdfs:range :Entity ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :influenced ;
+ owl:inverseOf :wasInvalidatedBy ;
+ :category "expanded" ;
+ :component "entities-activities" ;
+ :editorialNote "prov:invalidated is one of few inverse property defined, to allow Activity-oriented assertions in addition to Entity-oriented assertions."@en ;
+ :inverse "wasInvalidatedBy" ;
+ :sharesDefinitionWith :Invalidation .
+
+:invalidatedAtTime
+ a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "The time at which an entity was invalidated (i.e., no longer usable)."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Entity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "invalidatedAtTime" ;
+ rdfs:range xsd:dateTime ;
+ :category "expanded" ;
+ :component "entities-activities" ;
+ :editorialNote "It is the intent that the property chain holds: (prov:qualifiedInvalidation o prov:atTime) rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:invalidatedAtTime."@en ;
+ :qualifiedForm :Invalidation, :atTime .
+
+:inverse
+ a owl:AnnotationProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "PROV-O does not define all property inverses. The directionalities defined in PROV-O should be given preference over those not defined. However, if users wish to name the inverse of a PROV-O property, the local name given by prov:inverse should be used."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:seeAlso <http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/#names-of-inverse-properties> .
+
+:mentionOf
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment """The prov:mentionOf and prov:asInBundle properties are \"at risk\" (http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr#cfi) and may be removed from this specification based on feedback. Please send feedback to public-prov-comments@w3.org.
+
+These two properties are used to encode the PROV-DM's Mention construct (http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-mention), which might be removed from PROV if implementation experience reveals problems with supporting this construct. """@en, "When :x prov:mentionOf :y and :y is described in Bundle :b, the triple :x prov:asInBundle :b is also asserted to cite the Bundle in which :y was described.", "prov:asInBundle is used to cite the Bundle in which the generalization was mentioned."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Entity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "mentionOf" ;
+ rdfs:range :Entity ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :specializationOf ;
+ :category "expanded" ;
+ :definition "The mention of an Entity in a Bundle (containing a description of this Entity) is another Entity that is a specialization of the former and that presents the Bundle as a further additional aspect. "@en ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-mention"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :inverse "hadMention" .
+
+:n
+ a owl:AnnotationProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "A reference to the principal section of the PROV-DM document that describes this concept."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:seeAlso .
+
+:order
+ a owl:AnnotationProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "The position that this OWL term should be listed within documentation. The scope of the documentation (e.g., among all terms, among terms within a prov:category, among properties applying to a particular class, etc.) is unspecified."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+
+:qualifiedAssociation
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "If this Activity prov:wasAssociatedWith Agent :ag, then it can qualify the Association using prov:qualifiedAssociation [ a prov:Association; prov:agent :ag; :foo :bar ]."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Activity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "qualifiedAssociation" ;
+ rdfs:range :Association ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :qualifiedInfluence ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "agents-responsibility" ;
+ :inverse "qualifiedAssociationOf" ;
+ :sharesDefinitionWith :Association ;
+ :unqualifiedForm :wasAssociatedWith .
+
+:qualifiedAttribution
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "If this Entity prov:wasAttributedTo Agent :ag, then it can qualify how it was influenced using prov:qualifiedAttribution [ a prov:Attribution; prov:agent :ag; :foo :bar ]."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Entity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "qualifiedAttribution" ;
+ rdfs:range :Attribution ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :qualifiedInfluence ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "agents-responsibility" ;
+ :inverse "qualifiedAttributionOf" ;
+ :sharesDefinitionWith :Attribution ;
+ :unqualifiedForm :wasAttributedTo .
+
+:qualifiedCommunication
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "If this Activity prov:wasInformedBy Activity :a, then it can qualify how it was influenced using prov:qualifiedCommunication [ a prov:Communication; prov:activity :a; :foo :bar ]."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Activity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "qualifiedCommunication" ;
+ rdfs:range :Communication ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :qualifiedInfluence ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "entities-activities" ;
+ :inverse "qualifiedCommunicationOf" ;
+ :qualifiedForm :Communication ;
+ :sharesDefinitionWith :Communication .
+
+:qualifiedDelegation
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "If this Agent prov:actedOnBehalfOf Agent :ag, then it can qualify how with prov:qualifiedResponsibility [ a prov:Responsibility; prov:agent :ag; :foo :bar ]."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Agent ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "qualifiedDelegation" ;
+ rdfs:range :Delegation ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :qualifiedInfluence ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "agents-responsibility" ;
+ :inverse "qualifiedDelegationOf" ;
+ :sharesDefinitionWith :Delegation ;
+ :unqualifiedForm :actedOnBehalfOf .
+
+:qualifiedDerivation
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "If this Entity prov:wasDerivedFrom Entity :e, then it can qualify how it was derived using prov:qualifiedDerivation [ a prov:Derivation; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ]."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Entity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "qualifiedDerivation" ;
+ rdfs:range :Derivation ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :qualifiedInfluence ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "derivations" ;
+ :inverse "qualifiedDerivationOf" ;
+ :sharesDefinitionWith :Derivation ;
+ :unqualifiedForm :wasDerivedFrom .
+
+:qualifiedEnd
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "If this Activity prov:wasEndedBy Entity :e1, then it can qualify how it was ended using prov:qualifiedEnd [ a prov:End; prov:entity :e1; :foo :bar ]."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Activity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "qualifiedEnd" ;
+ rdfs:range :End ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :qualifiedInfluence ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "entities-activities" ;
+ :inverse "qualifiedEndOf" ;
+ :sharesDefinitionWith :End ;
+ :unqualifiedForm :wasEndedBy .
+
+:qualifiedForm
+ a owl:AnnotationProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment """This annotation property links a subproperty of prov:wasInfluencedBy with the subclass of prov:Influence and the qualifying property that are used to qualify it.
+
+Example annotation:
+
+ prov:wasGeneratedBy prov:qualifiedForm prov:qualifiedGeneration, prov:Generation .
+
+Then this unqualified assertion:
+
+ :entity1 prov:wasGeneratedBy :activity1 .
+
+can be qualified by adding:
+
+ :entity1 prov:qualifiedGeneration :entity1Gen .
+ :entity1Gen
+ a prov:Generation, prov:Influence;
+ prov:activity :activity1;
+ :customValue 1337 .
+
+Note how the value of the unqualified influence (prov:wasGeneratedBy :activity1) is mirrored as the value of the prov:activity (or prov:entity, or prov:agent) property on the influence class."""@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:seeAlso .
+
+:qualifiedGeneration
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "If this Activity prov:generated Entity :e, then it can qualify how it performed the Generation using prov:qualifiedGeneration [ a prov:Generation; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ]."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Entity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "qualifiedGeneration" ;
+ rdfs:range :Generation ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :qualifiedInfluence ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "entities-activities" ;
+ :inverse "qualifiedGenerationOf" ;
+ :sharesDefinitionWith :Generation ;
+ :unqualifiedForm :wasGeneratedBy .
+
+:qualifiedInfluence
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "Because prov:qualifiedInfluence is a broad relation, the more specific relations (qualifiedCommunication, qualifiedDelegation, qualifiedEnd, etc.) should be used when applicable."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain [
+ a owl:Class ;
+ owl:unionOf (:Activity
+ :Agent
+ :Entity
+ )
+ ] ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "qualifiedInfluence" ;
+ rdfs:range :Influence ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "derivations" ;
+ :inverse "qualifiedInfluenceOf" ;
+ :sharesDefinitionWith :Influence ;
+ :unqualifiedForm :wasInfluencedBy .
+
+:qualifiedInvalidation
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "If this Entity prov:wasInvalidatedBy Activity :a, then it can qualify how it was invalidated using prov:qualifiedInvalidation [ a prov:Invalidation; prov:activity :a; :foo :bar ]."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Entity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "qualifiedInvalidation" ;
+ rdfs:range :Invalidation ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :qualifiedInfluence ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "entities-activities" ;
+ :inverse "qualifiedInvalidationOf" ;
+ :sharesDefinitionWith :Invalidation ;
+ :unqualifiedForm :wasInvalidatedBy .
+
+:qualifiedPrimarySource
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "If this Entity prov:hadPrimarySource Entity :e, then it can qualify how using prov:qualifiedPrimarySource [ a prov:PrimarySource; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ]."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Entity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "qualifiedPrimarySource" ;
+ rdfs:range :PrimarySource ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :qualifiedInfluence ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "derivations" ;
+ :inverse "qualifiedSourceOf" ;
+ :sharesDefinitionWith :PrimarySource ;
+ :unqualifiedForm :hadPrimarySource .
+
+:qualifiedQuotation
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "If this Entity prov:wasQuotedFrom Entity :e, then it can qualify how using prov:qualifiedQuotation [ a prov:Quotation; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ]."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Entity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "qualifiedQuotation" ;
+ rdfs:range :Quotation ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :qualifiedInfluence ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "derivations" ;
+ :inverse "qualifiedQuotationOf" ;
+ :sharesDefinitionWith :Quotation ;
+ :unqualifiedForm :wasQuotedFrom .
+
+:qualifiedRevision
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "If this Entity prov:wasRevisionOf Entity :e, then it can qualify how it was revised using prov:qualifiedRevision [ a prov:Revision; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ]."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Entity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "qualifiedRevision" ;
+ rdfs:range :Revision ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :qualifiedInfluence ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "derivations" ;
+ :inverse "revisedEntity" ;
+ :sharesDefinitionWith :Revision ;
+ :unqualifiedForm :wasRevisionOf .
+
+:qualifiedStart
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "If this Activity prov:wasStartedBy Entity :e1, then it can qualify how it was started using prov:qualifiedStart [ a prov:Start; prov:entity :e1; :foo :bar ]."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Activity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "qualifiedStart" ;
+ rdfs:range :Start ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :qualifiedInfluence ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "entities-activities" ;
+ :inverse "qualifiedStartOf" ;
+ :sharesDefinitionWith :Start ;
+ :unqualifiedForm :wasStartedBy .
+
+:qualifiedUsage
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "If this Activity prov:used Entity :e, then it can qualify how it used it using prov:qualifiedUsage [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ]."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Activity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "qualifiedUsage" ;
+ rdfs:range :Usage ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :qualifiedInfluence ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "entities-activities" ;
+ :inverse "qualifiedUsingActivity" ;
+ :sharesDefinitionWith :Usage ;
+ :unqualifiedForm :used .
+
+:sharesDefinitionWith
+ a owl:AnnotationProperty ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:seeAlso .
+
+:specializationOf
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:domain :Entity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "specializationOf" ;
+ rdfs:range :Entity ;
+ rdfs:seeAlso :alternateOf ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :alternateOf ;
+ :category "expanded" ;
+ :component "alternate" ;
+ :constraints "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-constraints.html#prov-dm-constraints-fig"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :definition "An entity that is a specialization of another shares all aspects of the latter, and additionally presents more specific aspects of the same thing as the latter. In particular, the lifetime of the entity being specialized contains that of any specialization. Examples of aspects include a time period, an abstraction, and a context associated with the entity."@en ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-specialization"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :inverse "generalizationOf" ;
+ :n "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-specialization"^^xsd:anyURI .
+
+:startedAtTime
+ a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "The time at which an activity started. See also prov:endedAtTime."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Activity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "startedAtTime" ;
+ rdfs:range xsd:dateTime ;
+ :category "starting-point" ;
+ :component "entities-activities" ;
+ :editorialNote "It is the intent that the property chain holds: (prov:qualifiedStart o prov:atTime) rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:startedAtTime."@en ;
+ :qualifiedForm :Start, :atTime .
+
+:todo
+ a owl:AnnotationProperty .
+
+:unqualifiedForm
+ a owl:AnnotationProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "Classes and properties used to qualify relationships are annotated with prov:unqualifiedForm to indicate the property used to assert an unqualified provenance relation."@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:seeAlso .
+
+:used
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "A prov:Entity that was used by this prov:Activity. For example, :baking prov:used :spoon, :egg, :oven ."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Activity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "used" ;
+ rdfs:range :Entity ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasInfluencedBy ;
+ owl:propertyChainAxiom (:qualifiedUsage
+ :entity
+ ) ;
+ :category "starting-point" ;
+ :component "entities-activities" ;
+ :inverse "wasUsedBy" ;
+ :qualifiedForm :Usage, :qualifiedUsage .
+
+:value
+ a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "Provides a value for an Entity."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Entity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "value" ;
+ :category "expanded" ;
+ :component "entities-activities" ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-attribute-value"^^xsd:anyURI ;
+ :editorialNote "The editor's definition comes from http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/#rdfvalue", "This property serves the same purpose as rdf:value, but has been reintroduced to avoid some of the definitional ambiguity in the RDF specification (specifically, 'may be used in describing structured values')."@en ;
+ :editorsDefinition "The main value (if there is one) of a structured value."@en .
+
+:wasAssociatedWith
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "An prov:Agent that had some (unspecified) responsibility for the occurrence of this prov:Activity."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Activity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "wasAssociatedWith" ;
+ rdfs:range :Agent ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasInfluencedBy ;
+ owl:propertyChainAxiom (:qualifiedAssociation
+ :agent
+ ) ;
+ :category "starting-point" ;
+ :component "agents-responsibility" ;
+ :inverse "wasAssociateFor" ;
+ :qualifiedForm :Association, :qualifiedAssociation .
+
+:wasAttributedTo
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "Attribution is the ascribing of an entity to an agent."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Entity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "wasAttributedTo" ;
+ rdfs:range :Agent ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasInfluencedBy ;
+ owl:propertyChainAxiom (:qualifiedAttribution
+ :agent
+ ) ;
+ :category "starting-point" ;
+ :component "agents-responsibility" ;
+ :definition "Attribution is the ascribing of an entity to an agent."@en ;
+ :inverse "contributed" ;
+ :qualifiedForm :Attribution, :qualifiedAttribution .
+
+:wasDerivedFrom
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:domain :Entity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "wasDerivedFrom" ;
+ rdfs:range :Entity ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasInfluencedBy ;
+ owl:propertyChainAxiom (:qualifiedDerivation
+ :entity
+ ) ;
+ :category "starting-point" ;
+ :component "derivations" ;
+ :definition "A derivation is a transformation of an entity into another, a construction of an entity into another, or an update of an entity, resulting in a new one."@en ;
+ :inverse "hadDerivation" ;
+ :qualifiedForm :Derivation, :qualifiedDerivation .
+
+:wasEndedBy
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "End is when an activity is deemed to have ended. An end may refer to an entity, known as trigger, that terminated the activity."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Activity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "wasEndedBy" ;
+ rdfs:range :Entity ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasInfluencedBy ;
+ owl:propertyChainAxiom (:qualifiedEnd
+ :entity
+ ) ;
+ :category "expanded" ;
+ :component "entities-activities" ;
+ :inverse "ended" ;
+ :qualifiedForm :End, :qualifiedEnd .
+
+:wasGeneratedBy
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:domain :Entity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "wasGeneratedBy" ;
+ rdfs:range :Activity ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasInfluencedBy ;
+ owl:propertyChainAxiom (:qualifiedGeneration
+ :activity
+ ) ;
+ :category "starting-point" ;
+ :component "entities-activities" ;
+ :inverse "generated" ;
+ :qualifiedForm :Generation, :qualifiedGeneration .
+
+:wasInfluencedBy
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "Because prov:wasInfluencedBy is a broad relation, its more specific subproperties (prov:wasInformedBy, prov:actedOnBehalfOf, prov:wasEndedBy, etc.) should be used when applicable."@en, "This property has multiple RDFS domains to suit multiple OWL Profiles. See <a href=\"#prov-o-owl-profile\">PROV-O OWL Profile</a>." ;
+ rdfs:domain [
+ a owl:Class ;
+ owl:unionOf (:Activity
+ :Agent
+ :Entity
+ )
+ ] ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "wasInfluencedBy" ;
+ rdfs:range [
+ a owl:Class ;
+ owl:unionOf (:Activity
+ :Agent
+ :Entity
+ )
+ ] ;
+ :category "qualified" ;
+ :component "agents-responsibility" ;
+ :editorialNote """The sub-properties of prov:wasInfluencedBy can be elaborated in more detail using the Qualification Pattern. For example, the binary relation :baking prov:used :spoon can be qualified by asserting :baking prov:qualifiedUsage [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :spoon; prov:atLocation :kitchen ] .
+
+Subproperties of prov:wasInfluencedBy may also be asserted directly without being qualified.
+
+prov:wasInfluencedBy should not be used without also using one of its subproperties.
+"""@en ;
+ :inverse "influenced" ;
+ :sharesDefinitionWith :Influence .
+
+:wasInformedBy
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "An activity a2 is dependent on or informed by another activity a1, by way of some unspecified entity that is generated by a1 and used by a2."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Activity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "wasInformedBy" ;
+ rdfs:range :Activity ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasInfluencedBy ;
+ owl:propertyChainAxiom (:qualifiedCommunication
+ :activity
+ ) ;
+ :category "starting-point" ;
+ :component "entities-activities" ;
+ :inverse "informed" ;
+ :qualifiedForm :Communication, :qualifiedCommunication .
+
+:wasInvalidatedBy
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:domain :Entity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "wasInvalidatedBy" ;
+ rdfs:range :Activity ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasInfluencedBy ;
+ owl:propertyChainAxiom (:qualifiedInvalidation
+ :activity
+ ) ;
+ :category "expanded" ;
+ :component "entities-activities" ;
+ :inverse "invalidated" ;
+ :qualifiedForm :Invalidation, :qualifiedInvalidation .
+
+:wasQuotedFrom
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "An entity is derived from an original entity by copying, or 'quoting', some or all of it."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Entity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "wasQuotedFrom" ;
+ rdfs:range :Entity ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasDerivedFrom ;
+ owl:propertyChainAxiom (:qualifiedQuotation
+ :entity
+ ) ;
+ :category "expanded" ;
+ :component "derivations" ;
+ :inverse "quotedAs" ;
+ :qualifiedForm :Quotation, :qualifiedQuotation .
+
+:wasRevisionOf
+ a owl:AnnotationProperty, owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "A revision is a derivation that revises an entity into a revised version."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Entity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "wasRevisionOf" ;
+ rdfs:range :Entity ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasDerivedFrom ;
+ owl:propertyChainAxiom (:qualifiedRevision
+ :entity
+ ) ;
+ :category "expanded" ;
+ :component "derivations" ;
+ :inverse "hadRevision" ;
+ :qualifiedForm :Revision, :qualifiedRevision .
+
+:wasStartedBy
+ a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+ rdfs:comment "Start is when an activity is deemed to have started. A start may refer to an entity, known as trigger, that initiated the activity."@en ;
+ rdfs:domain :Activity ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
+ rdfs:label "wasStartedBy" ;
+ rdfs:range :Entity ;
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasInfluencedBy ;
+ owl:propertyChainAxiom (:qualifiedStart
+ :entity
+ ) ;
+ :category "expanded" ;
+ :component "entities-activities" ;
+ :inverse "started" ;
+ :qualifiedForm :Start, :qualifiedStart .
+
+[]
+ a owl:Axiom ;
+ rdfs:comment "A collection is an entity that provides a structure to some constituents, which are themselves entities. These constituents are said to be member of the collections."@en ;
+ owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:range ;
+ owl:annotatedSource :hadMember ;
+ owl:annotatedTarget :Entity ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-collection" .
+
+[]
+ a owl:Axiom ;
+ rdfs:comment "hadPrimarySource property is a particular case of wasDerivedFrom (see http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#term-original-source) that aims to give credit to the source that originated some information." ;
+ owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subPropertyOf ;
+ owl:annotatedSource :hadPrimarySource ;
+ owl:annotatedTarget :wasDerivedFrom .
+
+[]
+ a owl:Axiom ;
+ rdfs:comment "Attribution is a particular case of trace (see http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#concept-trace), in the sense that it links an entity to the agent that ascribed it." ;
+ owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subPropertyOf ;
+ owl:annotatedSource :wasAttributedTo ;
+ owl:annotatedTarget :wasInfluencedBy ;
+ :definition "IF wasAttributedTo(e2,ag1,aAttr) holds, THEN wasInfluencedBy(e2,ag1) also holds. " .
+
+[]
+ a owl:Axiom ;
+ rdfs:comment "Derivation is a particular case of trace (see http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#term-trace), since it links an entity to another entity that contributed to its existence." ;
+ owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subPropertyOf ;
+ owl:annotatedSource :wasDerivedFrom ;
+ owl:annotatedTarget :wasInfluencedBy .
+
+[]
+ a owl:Axiom ;
+ owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:range ;
+ owl:annotatedSource :wasInfluencedBy ;
+ owl:annotatedTarget [
+ a owl:Class ;
+ owl:unionOf (:Activity
+ :Agent
+ :Entity
+ )
+ ] ;
+ :definition "influencer: an identifier (o1) for an ancestor entity, activity, or agent that the former depends on;" ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-influence" .
+
+[]
+ a owl:Axiom ;
+ owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:domain ;
+ owl:annotatedSource :wasInfluencedBy ;
+ owl:annotatedTarget [
+ a owl:Class ;
+ owl:unionOf (:Activity
+ :Agent
+ :Entity
+ )
+ ] ;
+ :definition "influencee: an identifier (o2) for an entity, activity, or agent; " ;
+ :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-influence" .
+
+[]
+ a owl:Axiom ;
+ rdfs:comment "Quotation is a particular case of derivation (see http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#term-quotation) in which an entity is derived from an original entity by copying, or \"quoting\", some or all of it. " ;
+ owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subPropertyOf ;
+ owl:annotatedSource :wasQuotedFrom ;
+ owl:annotatedTarget :wasDerivedFrom .
+
+[]
+ a owl:Axiom ;
+ rdfs:comment """Revision is a derivation (see http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#term-Revision). Moreover, according to
+http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-constraints.html#term-Revision 23 April 2012 'wasRevisionOf is a strict sub-relation of wasDerivedFrom since two entities e2 and e1 may satisfy wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1) without being a variant of each other.'""" ;
+ owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subPropertyOf ;
+ owl:annotatedSource :wasRevisionOf ;
+ owl:annotatedTarget :wasDerivedFrom .
+
--- a/ontology/ProvenanceOntology.owl Sun Nov 11 13:24:59 2012 -0500
+++ b/ontology/ProvenanceOntology.owl Sun Nov 11 14:08:09 2012 -0500
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to public-prov-comments@w3.org (subscribe public-prov-comments-request@w3.org, archives http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/). All feedback is welcome.</rdfs:comment>
<wasRevisionOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/prov.owl"/>
- <owl:versionIRI rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-2012MMDD/prov.owl"/>
+ <owl:versionIRI rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20121111/prov.owl"/>
<rdfs:seeAlso rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov#"/>
<rdfs:seeAlso rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/"/>
</owl:Ontology>
@@ -228,24 +228,6 @@
- <!-- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#asInBundle -->
-
- <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#asInBundle">
- <rdfs:label>asInBundle</rdfs:label>
- <inverse>contextOf</inverse>
- <category>expanded</category>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The prov:mentionOf and prov:asInBundle properties are "at risk" (http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr#cfi) and may be removed from this specification based on feedback. Please send feedback to public-prov-comments@w3.org.
-
-These two properties are used to encode the PROV-DM's Mention construct (http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-mention), which might be removed from PROV if implementation experience reveals problems with supporting this construct. </rdfs:comment>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">When :x prov:mentionOf :y and :y is described in Bundle :b, the triple :x prov:asInBundle :b is also asserted to cite the Bundle in which :y was described.</rdfs:comment>
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"/>
- <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Bundle"/>
- <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity"/>
- <sharesDefinitionWith rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#mentionOf"/>
- </owl:ObjectProperty>
-
-
-
<!-- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation">
@@ -507,27 +489,6 @@
- <!-- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#mentionOf -->
-
- <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#mentionOf">
- <rdfs:label>mentionOf</rdfs:label>
- <dm rdf:datatype="&xsd;anyURI">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-mention</dm>
- <inverse>hadMention</inverse>
- <category>expanded</category>
- <rdfs:comment>When :x prov:mentionOf :y and :y is described in Bundle :b, the triple :x prov:asInBundle :b is also asserted to cite the Bundle in which :y was described.</rdfs:comment>
- <definition xml:lang="en">The mention of an Entity in a Bundle (containing a description of this Entity) is another Entity that is a specialization of the former and that presents the Bundle as a further additional aspect. </definition>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The prov:mentionOf and prov:asInBundle properties are "at risk" (http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr#cfi) and may be removed from this specification based on feedback. Please send feedback to public-prov-comments@w3.org.
-
-These two properties are used to encode the PROV-DM's Mention construct (http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-mention), which might be removed from PROV if implementation experience reveals problems with supporting this construct. </rdfs:comment>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">prov:asInBundle is used to cite the Bundle in which the generalization was mentioned.</rdfs:comment>
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"/>
- <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity"/>
- <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity"/>
- <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#specializationOf"/>
- </owl:ObjectProperty>
-
-
-
<!-- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation">
@@ -989,8 +950,8 @@
</rdfs:range>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<owl:Axiom>
+ <dm>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-influence</dm>
<definition>influencer: an identifier (o1) for an ancestor entity, activity, or agent that the former depends on;</definition>
- <dm>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-influence</dm>
<owl:annotatedProperty rdf:resource="&rdfs;range"/>
<owl:annotatedSource rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasInfluencedBy"/>
<owl:annotatedTarget>
@@ -1004,8 +965,8 @@
</owl:annotatedTarget>
</owl:Axiom>
<owl:Axiom>
+ <definition>influencee: an identifier (o2) for an entity, activity, or agent; </definition>
<dm>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-influence</dm>
- <definition>influencee: an identifier (o2) for an entity, activity, or agent; </definition>
<owl:annotatedProperty rdf:resource="&rdfs;domain"/>
<owl:annotatedSource rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasInfluencedBy"/>
<owl:annotatedTarget>
@@ -1457,6 +1418,7 @@
<definition xml:lang="en">A derivation is a transformation of an entity into another, an update of an entity resulting in a new one, or the construction of a new entity based on a pre-existing entity.</definition>
<component>derivations</component>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An instance of prov:Derivation provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasDerivedFrom relation from some derived prov:Entity to another prov:Entity from which it was derived. For example, :chewed_bubble_gum prov:wasDerivedFrom :unwrapped_bubble_gum; prov:qualifiedDerivation [ a prov:Derivation; prov:entity :unwrapped_bubble_gum; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The more specific forms of prov:Derivation (i.e., prov:Revision, prov:Quotation, prov:PrimarySource) should be asserted if they apply.</rdfs:comment>
<category>qualified</category>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"/>
<unqualifiedForm rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom"/>
@@ -1554,6 +1516,7 @@
<n rdf:datatype="&xsd;anyURI">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-influence</n>
<component>derivations</component>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An instance of prov:Influence provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasInfluencedBy relation from some influenced Activity, Entity, or Agent to the influencing Activity, Entity, or Agent. For example, :stomach_ache prov:wasInfluencedBy :spoon; prov:qualifiedInfluence [ a prov:Influence; prov:entity :spoon; :foo :bar ] . Because prov:Influence is a broad relation, the more specific relations (Communication, Delegation, End, etc.) should be used when applicable.</rdfs:comment>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Because prov:Influence is a broad relation, its most specific subclasses (e.g. prov:Communication, prov:Delegation, prov:End, prov:Revision, etc.) should be used when applicable.</rdfs:comment>
<category>qualified</category>
<definition xml:lang="en">Influence is the capacity of an entity, activity, or agent to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of another by means of usage, start, end, generation, invalidation, communication, derivation, attribution, association, or delegation.</definition>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"/>
Binary file ontology/diagram-history/2012-11-10/prov-colors.pdf has changed
Binary file ontology/diagram-history/2012-11-10/prov-colors.png has changed
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/ontology/diagram-history/2012-11-10/prov-colors.svg Sun Nov 11 14:08:09 2012 -0500
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xl="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="1274 624 184 185" width="184pt" height="185pt"><metadata xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><dc:date>2012-11-10 21:29Z</dc:date><!-- Produced by OmniGraffle Professional 5.4.2 --></metadata><defs><font-face font-family="Georgia" font-size="16" panose-1="2 4 5 2 5 4 5 2 3 3" units-per-em="1000" underline-position="-88.378906" underline-thickness="49.316406" slope="0" x-height="481.4453" cap-height="692.8711" ascent="916.9922" descent="-219.23828" font-weight="500"><font-face-src><font-face-name name="Georgia"/></font-face-src></font-face></defs><g stroke="none" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-dasharray="none" fill="none" fill-opacity="1"><title>Canvas 1</title><rect fill="white" width="1518" height="1119"/><g><title>Layer 1</title><circle cx="1420" cy="770.3865" r="36.000057" fill="yellow" fill-opacity=".60000002"/><circle cx="1420" cy="770.3865" r="36.000057" stroke="gray" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/><text transform="translate(1396.2 760.8865)" fill="black"><tspan font-family="Georgia" font-size="16" font-weight="500" x="2.0421875" y="15" textLength="43.515625">Entity</tspan></text><rect x="1276" y="734.3865" width="71.999977" height="72" fill="blue" fill-opacity=".4"/><rect x="1276" y="734.3865" width="71.999977" height="72" stroke="blue" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/><text transform="translate(1281 760.8865)" fill="black"><tspan font-family="Georgia" font-size="16" font-weight="500" x="3.8788948" y="15" textLength="54.242188">Activity</tspan></text><path d="M 1276 698.3865 L 1312 626.3865 L 1348 698.3865 Z" fill="#fc6"/><path d="M 1276 698.3865 L 1312 626.3865 L 1348 698.3865 Z" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/><text transform="translate(1290.7042 671.36354)" fill="black"><tspan font-family="Georgia" font-size="16" font-weight="500" x=".4988995" y="15" textLength="41.59375">Agent</tspan></text></g></g></svg>
--- a/ontology/prov-o-html-sections/description-expanded-terms.inc.html Sun Nov 11 13:24:59 2012 -0500
+++ b/ontology/prov-o-html-sections/description-expanded-terms.inc.html Sun Nov 11 14:08:09 2012 -0500
@@ -58,15 +58,8 @@
<p>The <strong>second</strong> category relates Entities according to their levels of abstraction, where some Entities may present more specific aspects than their more general counterparts.
While <a href="#specializationOf" class="qname">prov:specializationOf</a> links a more specific Entity to a more general one (e.g., today's BBC news home page versus BBC's news home page on any day), <a href="#alternateOf" class="qname">prov:alternateOf</a> links Entities that present aspects of the same thing, but not necessarily the same aspects or at the same time (e.g., the serialization of a document in different formats).
- <a href="#mentionOf" class="qname">prov:mentionOf</a> is a special type of <span class="repeated">prov:specializationOf</span> whose subject presents as an aspect a particular <span class="repeated">prov:Bundle</span> in which its more general Entity was described (<a href="#asInBundle" class="qname">prov:asInBundle</a> is used to cite the Bundle in which the generalization was mentioned).
</p>
- <div class="note">
- <p>The <span class="repeated">prov:mentionOf</span> and <span class="repeated">prov:asInBundle</span> properties are "<a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr#cfi">at risk</a>" and may be removed from this specification based on feedback. Please send feedback to public-prov-comments@w3.org.</p>
-
- <p>These two properties are used to encode the PROV-DM's <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-mention">Mention construct</a>, which might be removed from PROV if implementation experience reveals problems with supporting this construct.
- </div>
-
<p>
The <strong>third</strong> category allows further description of Entities. The property <a href="#value" class="qname">prov:value</a> holds a literal value for the Entity. For example, the <span class="repeated">prov:value</span> of a quote could be a string of the sentences stated, or the <span class="repeated">prov:value</span> of an Entity involved in a numeric calculation could be the xsd:integer four.
The property <a href="#atLocation" class="qname">prov:atLocation</a> can be used to describe the <a href="#Location" class="qname">prov:Location</a> of any
--- a/ontology/prov.ttl Sun Nov 11 13:24:59 2012 -0500
+++ b/ontology/prov.ttl Sun Nov 11 14:08:09 2012 -0500
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to public-prov-comments@w3.org (subscribe public-prov-comments-request@w3.org, archives http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/). All feedback is welcome."""@en ;
rdfs:label "PROV-O"@en ;
rdfs:seeAlso <http://www.w3.org/TR/prov#>, <http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/> ;
- owl:versionIRI <http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-2012MMDD/prov.owl> ;
+ owl:versionIRI <http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20121111/prov.owl> ;
:wasRevisionOf <http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/prov.owl> .
:Activity
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@
:Derivation
a owl:Class ;
- rdfs:comment "An instance of prov:Derivation provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasDerivedFrom relation from some derived prov:Entity to another prov:Entity from which it was derived. For example, :chewed_bubble_gum prov:wasDerivedFrom :unwrapped_bubble_gum; prov:qualifiedDerivation [ a prov:Derivation; prov:entity :unwrapped_bubble_gum; :foo :bar ]."@en ;
+ rdfs:comment "An instance of prov:Derivation provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasDerivedFrom relation from some derived prov:Entity to another prov:Entity from which it was derived. For example, :chewed_bubble_gum prov:wasDerivedFrom :unwrapped_bubble_gum; prov:qualifiedDerivation [ a prov:Derivation; prov:entity :unwrapped_bubble_gum; :foo :bar ]."@en, "The more specific forms of prov:Derivation (i.e., prov:Revision, prov:Quotation, prov:PrimarySource) should be asserted if they apply."@en ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
rdfs:label "Derivation" ;
rdfs:subClassOf :EntityInfluence ;
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@
:Influence
a owl:Class ;
- rdfs:comment "An instance of prov:Influence provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasInfluencedBy relation from some influenced Activity, Entity, or Agent to the influencing Activity, Entity, or Agent. For example, :stomach_ache prov:wasInfluencedBy :spoon; prov:qualifiedInfluence [ a prov:Influence; prov:entity :spoon; :foo :bar ] . Because prov:Influence is a broad relation, the more specific relations (Communication, Delegation, End, etc.) should be used when applicable."@en ;
+ rdfs:comment "An instance of prov:Influence provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasInfluencedBy relation from some influenced Activity, Entity, or Agent to the influencing Activity, Entity, or Agent. For example, :stomach_ache prov:wasInfluencedBy :spoon; prov:qualifiedInfluence [ a prov:Influence; prov:entity :spoon; :foo :bar ] . Because prov:Influence is a broad relation, the more specific relations (Communication, Delegation, End, etc.) should be used when applicable."@en, "Because prov:Influence is a broad relation, its most specific subclasses (e.g. prov:Communication, prov:Delegation, prov:End, prov:Revision, etc.) should be used when applicable."@en ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
rdfs:label "Influence" ;
:category "qualified" ;
@@ -470,19 +470,6 @@
rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:seeAlso .
-:asInBundle
- a owl:ObjectProperty ;
- rdfs:comment """The prov:mentionOf and prov:asInBundle properties are \"at risk\" (http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr#cfi) and may be removed from this specification based on feedback. Please send feedback to public-prov-comments@w3.org.
-
-These two properties are used to encode the PROV-DM's Mention construct (http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-mention), which might be removed from PROV if implementation experience reveals problems with supporting this construct. """@en, "When :x prov:mentionOf :y and :y is described in Bundle :b, the triple :x prov:asInBundle :b is also asserted to cite the Bundle in which :y was described."@en ;
- rdfs:domain :Entity ;
- rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
- rdfs:label "asInBundle" ;
- rdfs:range :Bundle ;
- :category "expanded" ;
- :inverse "contextOf" ;
- :sharesDefinitionWith :mentionOf .
-
:atLocation
a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:comment "The Location of any resource."@en, "This property has multiple RDFS domains to suit multiple OWL Profiles. See <a href=\"#prov-o-owl-profile\">PROV-O OWL Profile</a>." ;
@@ -757,21 +744,6 @@
rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
rdfs:seeAlso <http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/#names-of-inverse-properties> .
-:mentionOf
- a owl:ObjectProperty ;
- rdfs:comment """The prov:mentionOf and prov:asInBundle properties are \"at risk\" (http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr#cfi) and may be removed from this specification based on feedback. Please send feedback to public-prov-comments@w3.org.
-
-These two properties are used to encode the PROV-DM's Mention construct (http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-mention), which might be removed from PROV if implementation experience reveals problems with supporting this construct. """@en, "When :x prov:mentionOf :y and :y is described in Bundle :b, the triple :x prov:asInBundle :b is also asserted to cite the Bundle in which :y was described.", "prov:asInBundle is used to cite the Bundle in which the generalization was mentioned."@en ;
- rdfs:domain :Entity ;
- rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> ;
- rdfs:label "mentionOf" ;
- rdfs:range :Entity ;
- rdfs:subPropertyOf :specializationOf ;
- :category "expanded" ;
- :definition "The mention of an Entity in a Bundle (containing a description of this Entity) is another Entity that is a specialization of the former and that presents the Bundle as a further additional aspect. "@en ;
- :dm "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-mention"^^xsd:anyURI ;
- :inverse "hadMention" .
-
:n
a owl:AnnotationProperty ;
rdfs:comment "A reference to the principal section of the PROV-DM document that describes this concept."@en ;
--- a/paq/prov-aq.html Sun Nov 11 13:24:59 2012 -0500
+++ b/paq/prov-aq.html Sun Nov 11 14:08:09 2012 -0500
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
<script src="js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
<script src="file:///usr/workspace/w3c-provenance/prov/paq/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
-->
+ <script src="../model/provbib.js" class="remove"></script>
<script class='remove'>
var addExtraReferences = function() {
for (var k in extraReferences)
@@ -74,6 +75,13 @@
"2011, Work in progress. "+
"URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-http-rdf-update/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-http-rdf-update/</a>",
+ "INFO-ACC":
+ "Weitzner, Abelson, Berners-Lee, Feigenbaum, Hendler, and Sussman. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://dig.csail.mit.edu/2008/06/info-accountability-cacm-weitzner.pdf\"><cite>Information Accountability</cite></a>. "+
+ "Communications of the ACM, Jun. 2008, 82-87, "+
+ "<a href=\"http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1349026.1349043\">http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1349026.1349043</a>, "+
+ "<a href=\"http://dig.csail.mit.edu/2008/06/info-accountability-cacm-weitzner.pdf\">http://dig.csail.mit.edu/2008/06/info-accountability-cacm-weitzner.pdf</a> (alt)",
+
};
var respecConfig = {
// specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
@@ -167,7 +175,7 @@
wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
// Add extraReferences to bibliography database
- preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
+ preProcess: [addExtraReferences, addProvReferences],
};
</script>
</head>
@@ -186,19 +194,17 @@
<section id="sotd">
This document is part of a set of specifications produced by the W3C provenance working group to define interoperable interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. It describes the use of existing web mechanisms for discovery and retrieval of provenance information.
- <h4>PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
-The PROV family of specifications aims to define the various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
-interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web.
-The specifications are as follows.
+
+<h4>PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
+This document is part of the PROV family of specifications, a set of specifications defining various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
+interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. The specifications are:
<ul>
-<li> PROV-DM, the PROV data model for provenance,</li>
-<li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS, a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model,</li>
-<li> PROV-N, a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption,</li>
-<li> PROV-O, the PROV ontology, an OWL-RL ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF,</li>
-<li> PROV-AQ, the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance (this document), </li>
-<li> PROV-PRIMER, a primer for the PROV data model,</li>
-<li> PROV-SEM, a formal semantics for the PROV data model.</li>
-<li> PROV-XML, an XML schema for the PROV data model.</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">PROV-DM</a>, the PROV data model for provenance [[PROV-DM]];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a>, a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model [[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/">PROV-N</a>, a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption [[PROV-N]];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/">PROV-O</a>, the PROV ontology, an OWL2 ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF [[PROV-O]];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/">PROV-AQ</a>, the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance (this document); </li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/">PROV-PRIMER</a>, a primer for the PROV data model [[PROV-PRIMER]].</li>
</ul>
<h4>How to read the PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
<ul>
@@ -625,7 +631,7 @@
<section>
<h2>Find Provenance-URI given identifying information about a resource</h2>
<p>
- If the requester has identifying information that is not the URI of the original resource, then they will need to construct a more elaborate query to locate a resource description and obtain its provenance-URI(s). The nature of identifying information that can be used in this way will depend upon the third party service used, further definition of which is out of scope for this specification. For example, a query for a document identified by a DOI, say <code>1234.5678</code>, using the PRISM vocabulary [[PRISM]] recommended by FaBio [[FABIO]], might look like this:</p>
+ If the requester has identifying information that is not the URI of the original resource, then they will need to construct a more elaborate query to locate a resource description and obtain its provenance-URI(s). The nature of identifying information that can be used in this way will depend upon the third party service used, further definition of which is out of scope for this specification. For example, a query for a document identified by a DOI, say <code>1234.5678</code>, using the PRISM vocabulary [[PRISM]] might look like this:</p>
<pre class="example code">
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#>
@prefix prism: <http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/>
@@ -796,6 +802,10 @@
<p>
Provenance information may provide a route for leakage of privacy-related information, combining as it does a diversity of information types with possible personally-identifying information; e.g. editing timestamps may provide clues to the working patterns of document editors, or derivation traces might indicate access to sensitive materials. In particular, note that the fact that a resource is openly accessible does not mean that its provenance information should also be. When publishing provenance, its sensitivity SHOULD be considered and appropriate access controls applied where necessary. When a provenance-aware publishing service accepts some resource for publication, the contributors SHOULD have some opportunity to review and correct or conceal any provenance information that they don't wish to be exposed. Provenance management systems SHOULD embody mechanisms for enforcement and auditing of privacy policies as they apply to provenance information.
</p>
+ <p>Provenance information may be used by audits to establish accountability for information use [[INFO-ACC]] and to verify use of proper processes in information processing activities. Thus, provenance management systems can provide mechanisms to support auditing and enforcement of information handling policies. In such cases, provenance information itself may be a valuable target for attack by malicious agents, and care must be taken to ensure it is stored securely and in a fashion that resists attempts to tamper with it.
+ </p>
+
+
</section>
<!-- ===================================================================================== -->
--- a/paq/working/css/prov-aq.css Sun Nov 11 13:24:59 2012 -0500
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,163 +0,0 @@
-/* --- Override ReSpec.css --- */
-
-code {
- color: #224433;
-}
-
-
-/* --- PATTERNS --- */
-pre.pattern {
- border-top: 1px solid #224433;
- border-bottom: 1px solid #224433;
- color: #224433;
- padding: 1em;
- margin-top: 1em;
-}
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- color: #224433;
-}
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- background: #224433;
- color: #fff;
- font-family: initial;
- padding: 3px;
- font-weight: bold;
- margin: -1em 0 1em -1em;
-}
-*/
-
-
-/* --- EDITORIAL NOTES (from model doc) --- */
-
-.issue {
- padding: 1em;
- margin: 1em 0em 0em;
- border: 1px solid #f00;
- background: #ffc;
-}
-
-.issue:before {
- content: "Issue";
- display: block;
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- margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
- font-weight: bold;
- border: 1px solid #f00;
- background: #fff;
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- padding: 1em;
- margin: 1em 0em 0em;
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- font-weight: bold;
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- padding: 1em;
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- border: 1px solid #f00;
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- margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
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- border: 1px solid #f00;
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- padding: 3px 1em;
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-.inference {
- padding: 1em;
- margin: 1em 0em 0em;
- border: 0px solid #f00;
- background: #fff;
-}
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- content: "Inference";
- display: block;
- width: 150px;
- margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
- font-weight: bold;
- border: 1px solid #f00;
- background: #fff;
- padding: 3px 1em;
-}
-
-/* --- Labelled value layout --- */
-
-div.label-value {
- display: block;
- position: relative;
- left: 1em;
- height: auto;
-}
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-span.label {
- display: inline-block;
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- font-style: italic;
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-span.value {
- display: inline-block;
- vertical-align: top;
- width: 80%;
- height: auto;
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-
-span.code {
- font-family: monospace;
-}
-
-/* "Macro" for provns namespace */
-
-provns:before {
- content: "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#";
- display: inline;
- font-family: monospace;
-}
--- a/paq/working/css/respec.css Sun Nov 11 13:24:59 2012 -0500
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,464 +0,0 @@
-
-/*****************************************************************
- * ReSpec CSS
- * Robin Berjon (robin at berjon dot com)
- * v0.05 - 2009-07-31
- *****************************************************************/
-
-
-/* --- INLINES --- */
-em.rfc2119 {
- text-transform: lowercase;
- font-variant: small-caps;
- font-style: normal;
- color: #900;
-}
-
-h1 acronym, h2 acronym, h3 acronym, h4 acronym, h5 acronym, h6 acronym, a acronym,
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- text-decoration: none;
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-
-a.bibref {
- text-decoration: none;
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-
-code {
- color: #224433;
-}
-
-
-/* --- WEB IDL --- */
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- border-top: 1px solid #90b8de;
- border-bottom: 1px solid #90b8de;
- padding: 1em;
- line-height: 120%;
-}
-
-pre.idl::before {
- content: "WebIDL";
- display: block;
- width: 150px;
- background: #90b8de;
- color: #fff;
- font-family: initial;
- padding: 3px;
- font-weight: bold;
- margin: -1em 0 1em -1em;
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-.idlType {
- color: #224433;
- font-weight: bold;
- text-decoration: none;
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-/*.idlModule*/
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- color: #005a9c;
-}
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-.idlSuperclass {
- font-style: italic;
- color: #005a9c;
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-/*.idlAttribute*/
-.idlAttrType, .idlFieldType {
- color: #005a9c;
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-.idlAttrName, .idlFieldName {
- color: #224433;
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-.idlAttrName a, .idlFieldName a {
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- border-bottom: 1px dotted #224433;
- text-decoration: none;
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-/*.idlMethod*/
-.idlMethType {
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-.idlMethName {
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-.idlMethName a {
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- text-decoration: none;
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-/*.idlParam*/
-.idlParamType {
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- font-style: italic;
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- color: #666;
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- color: #c00;
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-.idlTypedefID, .idlTypedefType {
- color: #005a9c;
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-.idlRaises, .idlRaises a.idlType, .idlRaises a.idlType code, .excName a, .excName a code {
- color: #c00;
- font-weight: normal;
-}
-
-.excName a {
- font-family: monospace;
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-.idlRaises a.idlType, .excName a.idlType {
- border-bottom: 1px dotted #c00;
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-
-.excGetSetTrue, .excGetSetFalse, .prmNullTrue, .prmNullFalse, .prmOptTrue, .prmOptFalse {
- width: 45px;
- text-align: center;
-}
-.excGetSetTrue, .prmNullTrue, .prmOptTrue { color: #0c0; }
-.excGetSetFalse, .prmNullFalse, .prmOptFalse { color: #c00; }
-
-.idlImplements a {
- font-weight: bold;
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-dl.attributes, dl.methods, dl.constants, dl.fields {
- margin-left: 2em;
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-.attributes dt, .methods dt, .constants dt, .fields dt {
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-.methods dt code {
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- background: #ddffd2;
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- margin-bottom: 1em;
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- margin: 0.5em 0;
- width: 100%;
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-.parameters th, .exceptions th {
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- padding: 3px 5px;
- text-align: left;
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-.parameters th { background: #90b8de; }
-.exceptions th { background: #deb890; }
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-.parameters td, .exceptions td {
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- border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
- vertical-align: top;
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-.parameters tr:first-child td, .exceptions tr:first-child td {
- border-top: none;
-}
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-.parameters td.prmName, .exceptions td.excName, .exceptions td.excCodeName {
- width: 100px;
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-.parameters td.prmType {
- width: 120px;
-}
-
-table.exceptions table {
- border-spacing: 0;
- border-collapse: collapse;
- width: 100%;
-}
-
-/* --- TOC --- */
-.toc a {
- text-decoration: none;
-}
-
-a .secno {
- color: #000;
-}
-
-/* --- TABLE --- */
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- border-spacing: 0;
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- border-bottom: 3px solid #005a9c;
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-.simple th {
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-.simple td {
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-.simple tr:nth-child(even) {
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-/* --- DL --- */
-.section dd > p:first-child {
- margin-top: 0;
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-.section dd > p:last-child {
- margin-bottom: 0;
-}
-
-.section dd {
- margin-bottom: 1em;
-}
-
-.section dl.attrs dd, .section dl.eldef dd {
- margin-bottom: 0;
-}
-
-/* --- EXAMPLES --- */
-pre.example {
- border-top: 1px solid #224433;
- border-bottom: 1px solid #224433;
- padding: 1em;
- margin-top: 1em;
-}
-
-pre.example::before {
- content: "Example";
- display: block;
- width: 150px;
- background: #224433;
- color: #fff;
- font-family: initial;
- padding: 3px;
- font-weight: bold;
- margin: -1em 0 1em -1em;
-}
-
-/* --- EDITORIAL NOTES --- */
-.issue {
- padding: 1em;
- margin: 1em 0em 0em;
- border: 1px solid #f00;
- background: #ffc;
-}
-
-.issue::before {
- content: "Issue";
- display: block;
- width: 150px;
- margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
- font-weight: bold;
- border: 1px solid #f00;
- background: #fff;
- padding: 3px 1em;
-}
-
-.note {
- margin: 1em 0em 0em;
- padding: 1em;
- border: 2px solid #cff6d9;
- background: #e2fff0;
-}
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-.note::before {
- content: "Note";
- display: block;
- width: 150px;
- margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
- font-weight: bold;
- border: 1px solid #cff6d9;
- background: #fff;
- padding: 3px 1em;
-}
-
-/* --- Best Practices --- */
-div.practice {
- border: solid #bebebe 1px;
- margin: 2em 1em 1em 2em;
-}
-
-span.practicelab {
- margin: 1.5em 0.5em 1em 1em;
- font-weight: bold;
- font-style: italic;
-}
-
-span.practicelab { background: #dfffff; }
-
-span.practicelab {
- position: relative;
- padding: 0 0.5em;
- top: -1.5em;
-}
-
-p.practicedesc {
- margin: 1.5em 0.5em 1em 1em;
-}
-
-@media screen {
- p.practicedesc {
- position: relative;
- top: -2em;
- padding: 0;
- margin: 1.5em 0.5em -1em 1em;
-}
-
-/* --- SYNTAX HIGHLIGHTING --- */
-pre.sh_sourceCode {
- background-color: white;
- color: black;
- font-style: normal;
- font-weight: normal;
-}
-
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_keyword { color: #005a9c; font-weight: bold; } /* language keywords */
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_type { color: #666; } /* basic types */
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_usertype { color: teal; } /* user defined types */
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_string { color: red; font-family: monospace; } /* strings and chars */
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_regexp { color: orange; font-family: monospace; } /* regular expressions */
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_specialchar { color: #ffc0cb; font-family: monospace; } /* e.g., \n, \t, \\ */
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_comment { color: #A52A2A; font-style: italic; } /* comments */
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_number { color: purple; } /* literal numbers */
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_preproc { color: #00008B; font-weight: bold; } /* e.g., #include, import */
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_symbol { color: blue; } /* e.g., *, + */
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_function { color: black; font-weight: bold; } /* function calls and declarations */
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_cbracket { color: red; } /* block brackets (e.g., {, }) */
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_todo { font-weight: bold; background-color: #00FFFF; } /* TODO and FIXME */
-
-/* Predefined variables and functions (for instance glsl) */
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_predef_var { color: #00008B; }
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_predef_func { color: #00008B; font-weight: bold; }
-
-/* for OOP */
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_classname { color: teal; }
-
-/* line numbers (not yet implemented) */
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_linenum { display: none; }
-
-/* Internet related */
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_url { color: blue; text-decoration: underline; font-family: monospace; }
-
-/* for ChangeLog and Log files */
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_date { color: blue; font-weight: bold; }
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_time, pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_file { color: #00008B; font-weight: bold; }
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_ip, pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_name { color: #006400; }
-
-/* for Prolog, Perl... */
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_variable { color: #006400; }
-
-/* for LaTeX */
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_italics { color: #006400; font-style: italic; }
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_bold { color: #006400; font-weight: bold; }
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_underline { color: #006400; text-decoration: underline; }
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_fixed { color: green; font-family: monospace; }
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_argument { color: #006400; }
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_optionalargument { color: purple; }
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_math { color: orange; }
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_bibtex { color: blue; }
-
-/* for diffs */
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_oldfile { color: orange; }
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_newfile { color: #006400; }
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_difflines { color: blue; }
-
-/* for css */
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_selector { color: purple; }
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_property { color: blue; }
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_value { color: #006400; font-style: italic; }
-
-/* other */
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_section { color: black; font-weight: bold; }
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_paren { color: red; }
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_attribute { color: #006400; }
-
--- a/paq/working/issues-addressed.txt Sun Nov 11 13:24:59 2012 -0500
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-Issues Addressed:
-
-ISSUE-70 - used the term provenance information through out
-ISSUE-211 - adopted Olaf's suggestions
-ISSUE-233 - revised service spec and now needs to be addressed
-ISSUE-76 - there are no longer examples in rdf or xml, if we adopt the new service spec, we'll see.
-
-ISSUE from F2F "provided that such change does not contradict any previously retrieved information" - removed
-
-Should we replace entity-uri by provenance element
-
--- a/paq/working/prov-aq-pg-20120321.html Sun Nov 11 13:24:59 2012 -0500
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,911 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-<html>
- <head>
- <title>PROV-AQ: Provenance Access and Query</title>
- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/respec.css" />
- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/prov-aq.css" />
- <meta http-equiv='Content-Type' content='text/html;charset=utf-8'/>
-<!-- Use common W3C-hosted version of ReSpec.js:
--->
- <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
-<!-- Use local version of ReSpec.js for debugging:
- <script src="js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
--->
- <script class='remove'>
- var addExtraReferences = function() {
- for (var k in extraReferences)
- berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
- };
- var extraReferences = {
-
- "LINK-REL" : "M. Nottingham, <a href='http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5988.txt'><cite>Web Linking</cite></a>, October 2010, Internet RFC 5988. URL: <a href='http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5988.txt'>http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5988.txt</a>",
-
- "RFC2387" : "E. Levinson. <a href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2387.txt\"><cite>The MIME Multipart/Related Content-type.</cite></a> August 1998. Internet RFC 2387. URL: <a href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2387.txt\">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2387.txt</a>",
-
- "RFC3297" : "G. Klyne; R. Iwazaki; D. Crocker. <a href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3297.txt\"><cite>Content Negotiation for Messaging Services based on Email.</cite></a> July 2002. Internet RFC 3297. URL: <a href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3297.txt\">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3297.txt</a>",
-
- "PRISM" : "International Digital Enterprise Alliance, Inc. <a href=\"http://www.prismstandard.org/specifications/2.0/PRISM_prism_namespace_2.0.pdf\"><cite>PRISM: Publishing Requirements for Industry Standard Metadata</cite></a>. February 2008. URL: <a href=\"http://www.prismstandard.org/specifications/2.0/PRISM_prism_namespace_2.0.pdf\">http://www.prismstandard.org/specifications/2.0/PRISM_prism_namespace_2.0.pdf</a>",
-
- "FABIO" : "D. Shotton; S. Peroni. <a href=\"http://speroni.web.cs.unibo.it/cgi-bin/lode/req.py?req=http:/purl.org/spar/fabio#namespacedeclarations\"><cite>FaBiO, the FRBR-aligned Bibliographic Ontology.</cite></a> June 2011. URL: <a href=\"http://speroni.web.cs.unibo.it/cgi-bin/lode/req.py?req=http:/purl.org/spar/fabio#namespacedeclarations\">http://speroni.web.cs.unibo.it/cgi-bin/lode/req.py?req=http:/purl.org/spar/fabio#namespacedeclarations</a>",
-
- "URI-template":
- "J. Gregorio; R. Fielding, ed.; M. Hadley; M. Nottingham. "+
- "<a href=\"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-gregorio-uritemplate/\"><cite>URI Template</cite></a>. "+
- "September 2011, Work in progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-gregorio-uritemplate/\"><cite>https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-gregorio-uritemplate/</cite></a>",
-
- "REST-APIs":
- "R. Fielding. "+
- "<a href=\"http://roy.gbiv.com/untangled/2008/rest-apis-must-be-hypertext-driven\">REST APIs must be hypertext driven</a>. "+
- "October 2008 (blog post), "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://roy.gbiv.com/untangled/2008/rest-apis-must-be-hypertext-driven\">http://roy.gbiv.com/untangled/2008/rest-apis-must-be-hypertext-driven</a>",
-
- "PROV-DM":
- "L. Moreau; P. Missier. "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>The PROV Data Model and Abstract Syntax Notation</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Work in progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
-
- "PROV-O":
- "S. Sahoo; D. McGuinness. "+
- "<a href=\"http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/ontology/ProvenanceFormalModel.html\"><cite>PROV Ontology Model</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Work in progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/ontology/ProvenanceFormalModel.html/\">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/ontology/ProvenanceFormalModel.html</a>",
-
- "SPARQL-SD":
- "G. T. Williams. "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-service-description/\"><cite>SPARQL 1.1 Service Description</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Work in progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-service-description/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-service-description/</a>",
-
- };
- var respecConfig = {
- // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
- specStatus: "ED",
-
- // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
- shortName: "prov-aq",
-
- // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
- // formal title, define it here
- // subtitle : "an excellent document",
-
- // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
- // publishDate: "2009-08-06",
-
- // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
- // the start date here:
- copyrightStart: "2011",
-
- // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
- // and its maturity status
- // previousPublishDate: "1977-03-15",
- // previousMaturity: "WD",
-
- // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
- edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/tip/paq/prov-aq.html",
-
- // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
- // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
-
- // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
- // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
- //extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css"],
- extraCSS: [],
-
- // editors, add as many as you like
- // only "name" is required
- editors: [
- { name: "Graham Klyne", url: "",
- company: "University of Oxford", companyURL: "http://www.ox.ac.uk/" },
-
- { name: "Paul Groth", url: "",
- company: "VU University Amsterdam", companyURL: "http://www.vu.nl/" },
- ],
-
- // authors, add as many as you like.
- // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
- // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
-
- //authors: [
- // { name: "Your Name", url: "http://example.org/",
- // company: "Your Company", companyURL: "http://example.com/" },
- //],
-
- // authors, add as many as you like.
- // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
- // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
-
- authors: [
- { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
- company: "University of Southampton" },
- { name: "Olaf Hartig", url: "http://olafhartig.de/",
- company: "Invited Expert"},
- { name: "Yogesh Simmhan",
- company: "Invited Expert"},
- { name: "James Myers", url:"http://www.rpi.edu/research/ccni/",
- company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute"},
- { name: "Timothy Lebo", url:"http://tw.rpi.edu/web/person/TimLebo",
- company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute"},
- { name: "Khalid Belhajjame", url: "http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Khalid_Belhajjame",
- company: "University of Manchester" },
- { name: "Simon Miles",
- company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/simonm/" },
- ],
-
- // name of the WG
- wg: "Provenance Working Group",
-
- // URI of the public WG page
- wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov",
-
- // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
- wgPublicList: "public-prov-comments",
-
- // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
- // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
- // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
- // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
- // Team Contact.
- wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
-
- // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
- preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
- };
- </script>
- </head>
- <body>
-
-
- <section id='abstract'>
-This document specifies how to use standard Web protocols,
-including HTTP, to obtain information about the provenance of Web
-resources. We describe both simple access mechanisms for
-locating provenance information associated with web pages or resources, and
-provenance query services for more complex deployments. This is
-part of the larger W3C Prov provenance framework.
- </section>
-
- <section id="sotd">
- This document is part of a set of specifications produced by the W3C provenance working group aiming to define interoperable interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. It describes the use of existing web mechanisms for discovery and retrieval of provenance information.
- </section>
-
-<!-- == Sect 1 =================================================================================== -->
-
- <section>
- <h2>Introduction</h2>
- <p>
- The Provenance Data Model [[PROV-DM]] and Provenance Ontology [[PROV-O]] specifications define how to represent provenance information in the World Wide Web.
- </p>
- <p>
- This note describes how standard web protocols may be used to locate, retrieve and query provenance information:
- <ul>
- <li>
- Simple mechanisms for retrieving and discovering provenance information are described in <a href="#accessing-provenance-information" class="sectionRef"></a> and <a href="#locating-provenance-information" class="sectionRef"></a> .
- </li>
- <li>
- More advanced discovery service and query mechanisms that may be used for more demanding deployments are described in <a href="#provenance-services" class="sectionRef"></a>, <a href="#querying-provenance-information" class="sectionRef"></a> and <a href="#incremental-provenance-retrieval" class="sectionRef"></a>.
- </li>
- </ul>
- </p>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Concepts</h2>
- <p>
- In defining the specification below, we make use of the following concepts.
- <dl>
- <dt><dfn>Provenance information</dfn></dt>
- <dd>refers to provenance represented in some fashion.</dd>
- <dt><dfn>Provenance-URI</dfn></dt>
- <dd>a URI denoting some <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a>.</dd>
- <dt><dfn>Entity</dfn></dt>
- <dd>an aspect of a <a class="internalDFN">resource</a>, about which one wishes to present some <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a>. For example, a weather report for a given date may be an aspect of a resource that is maintained as the current weather report. An entity is itself a <a class="internalDFN">resource</a>. See also [[PROV-DM]], and [[WEBARCH]] <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/#representation-reuse">section 2.3.2</a>.</dd>
- <dt><dfn>Entity-URI</dfn></dt>
- <dd>a URI denoting an <a class="internalDFN">entity</a>, which allows that entity to be identified for the purpose of finding and expressing <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a> (see <a href="#provenance-entities-resources" class="sectionRef"></a> for discussion)</dd>
- <dt><dfn>Provenance service</dfn></dt>
- <dd>a service that provides <class="internalDFN">provenance information</a> given a <a class="internalDFN">resource</a> URI or an <a class="internalDFN">entity-URI</a>.</dd>
- <dt><dfn>Service-URI</dfn></dt>
- <dd>the URI of a <a class="internalDFN">provenance service</a>.</dd>
- <dt><dfn>Resource</dfn></dt>
- <dd>also referred to as <dfn>web resource</dfn>: a resource as described by the Architecture of the World Wide Web [[WEBARCH]], <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/#id-resources">section 2.2</a>. A resource may be associated with multiple <a title="Entity" class="internalDFN">entities</a> (see <a href="#provenance-entities-resources" class="sectionRef"></a> for discussion)</dd>
- </dl>
- </p>
-
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <h2 id="provenance-entities-resources">Provenance, entities and resources</h2>
- <p>
- Fundamentally, <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a> is <em>about</em> <a class="internalDFN">resources</a>. In general, resources may vary over time and context. E.g., a resource describing the weather in London changes from day-to-day, or one listing restaurants near you will vary depending on your location. Provenance information, to be useful, must be persistent and not itself dependent on context. Yet we may still want to make provenance assertions about dynamic or context-dependent web resources (e.g. the weather forecast for London on a particular day may have been derived from a particular set of Meteorological Office data).
- </p>
- <p>
- Provenance descriptions of dynamic and context-dependent resources are possible through the notion of entities. An <a class="internalDFN">entity</a> is simply a resource (in the sense defined by [[WEBARCH]], <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/#id-resources">section 2.2</a>) that is a contextualized view or instance of an original resource. For example, a W3C specification typically undergoes several public revisions before it is finalized. A URI that refers to the "current" revision might be thought of as denoting the specification through its lifetime. Separate URIs for each individual revision would then be <a class="internalDFN">entity-URIs</a>, denoting the specification at a particular stage in its development. Using these, we can make provenance assertions that a particular revision was published on a particular date, and was last modified by a particular editor. Entity-URIs may use any URI scheme, and are not required to be dereferencable.
- </p>
- <p>
- Requests for provenance about a resource may return provenance information that uses one or more entity-URIs to refer to versions of that resource. Some given provenance information may use multiple entity-URIs if there are assertions referring to the same underlying resource in different contexts. For example, provenance information describing a W3C document might include information about all revisions of the document using statements that use the different entity-URIs of the various revisions.
- </p>
- <p>
- In summary, a key notion within the concepts outlined above is that <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a> may be not universally applicable to a <a class="internalDFN">resource</a>, but may be expressed with respect to that resource in a restricted context (e.g. at a particular time). This restricted view is called an <a class="internalDFN">entity</a>, and an <a class="internalDFN">entity-URI</a> is used to refer to it within provenance information.
- </p>
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Interpreting provenance information</h2>
- <p><a class="internalDFN">Provenance information</a> describes relationships between entities, activities and agents. As such, any given provenance information may contain information about several <a title="Entity" class="internalDFN">entities</a>. Within some provenance information, the entities thus described are identified by their <a class="internalDFN">Entity-URI</a>s.
- </p>
- <p>When interpreting provenance information, it is important to be aware that statements about several entities may be present, and to be accordingly selective when using the information provided. (In some exceptional cases, it may be that the provenance information returned does not contain any information relating to a specific associated entity.)
- </p>
- </section>
-
- </section>
-
-<!-- == Sect 2 =================================================================================== -->
-
- <section>
- <h2>Accessing provenance information</h2>
- <p>Web applications may access <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a> in the same way as any web resource, by dereferencing its URI. Thus, any provenance information may be associated with a <a class="internalDFN">provenance-URI</a>, and may be accessed by dereferencing that URI using web mechanisms.
- </p>
- <p>
- How much or how little provenance information is returned in response to a retrieval request is a matter for the provenance provider application.
- </p>
- <p>
- It may be useful to provide provenance information through a service interface. A REST protocol for provenance retrieval is defined in Section <a href="#provenance-services" class="sectionRef"></a>.
- </p>
- When publishing provenance information, the location of that information either at a URI or within a Service should be discoverable using one or more of the mechanisms described in <a href="#locating-provenance-information" class="sectionRef"></a>.
- </p>
-
-
-
- </section>
-
-<!-- == Sect 3 =================================================================================== -->
-
- <section>
- <h2>Locating provenance information</h2>
- <p>
- When <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a> is a resource that can be accessed using web retrieval, one needs to know a <a class="internalDFN">provenance-URI</a> to dereference. If this is known in advance, there is nothing more to specify. If a provenance-URI is not known then a mechanism to discover one must be based on information that is available to the would-be accessor. Likewise, provenance information may be exposed by a service. In this case, the <a class="internalDFN">Service-URI</a> needs to be known.
- </p>
- <p>Provenance information about a resource may be provided by several parties other than the provider of that resource, each using different locations, and each with different concerns. (It is possible that these different parties may provide contradictory provenance information.)
- </p>
- <p>
- Once provenance information about a resource is retrieved, one also needs to know how to locate the view of that resource within that provenance information. This view is an <a class="internalDFN">entity</a> and is identified by an <a class="internalDFN">entity-URI</a>.
- </p>
- <p>
- We start by considering mechanisms for the resource provider to indicate a <a class="internalDFN">provenance-URI</a> or <a class="internalDFN">Service-URI</a>along with a <a class="internalDFN">entity-URI</a>.
-
- Three mechanisms are described here:
- <ul>
- <li>The requester knows the resource URI <em>and</em> the resource is accessible using HTTP</li>
- <li>The requester has a copy of a resource represented as HTML or XHTML</li>
- <li>The requester has a copy of a resource represented as RDF (including the range of possible RDF syntaxes, such as HTML with embedded RDFa)</li>
- </ul>
- These particular cases are selected as corresponding to primary current web protocol and data formats. Finally, in <a href="#arbitrary-data" class="sectionRef"></a>, we discuss the case of a resource in an unspecified format which has been provided by some means other than HTTP.
- </p>
- <p>
- The mechanisms specified for use with HTTP and HTML are similar to those proposed by POWDER [[POWDER-DR]] (sections <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-powder-dr-20090901/#assoc-markup">4.1.1</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-powder-dr-20090901/#httplink">4.1.3</a>).
- </p>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Resource accessed by HTTP</h2>
- <p>
- For a document accessible using HTTP, provenance information may be indicated using an HTTP <code>Link</code> header field, as defined by <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5988">Web Linking (RFC 5988)</a> [[LINK-REL]]. The <code>Link</code> header field is included in the HTTP response to a GET or HEAD operation (other HTTP operations are not excluded, but are not considered here).
- </p>
- <p>
- A <code>provenance</code> link relation type for referencing provenance information is registered according to the template in <a href="#iana-considerations" class="sectionRef"></a>, and may be used as shown::
- <pre class="pattern">Link: <cite>provenance-URI</cite>; rel="provenance"; anchor="<cite>entity-URI</cite>"</pre>
- When used in conjunction with an HTTP success response code (<code>2xx</code>), this HTTP header field indicates that <code><cite>provenance-URI</cite></code> is the URI of some provenance information associated with the requested resource and that the associated entity is identified within the referenced provenance information as <code><cite>entity-URI</cite></code>. (See also <a href="#interpreting-provenance-information" class="sectionRef"></a>.)
- </p>
- <p>
- If no <code>anchor</code> link is provided then the <code><cite>entity-URI</cite></code> is assumed to be the URI of the resource.
- </p>
- <p>
- At this time, the meaning of these links returned with other HTTP response codes is not defined: future revisions of this specification may define interpretations for these.
- </p>
- <p>
- An HTTP response MAY include multiple <code>provenance</code> link header fields, indicating a number of different provenance resources that are known to the responding server, each providing provenance information about the accessed resource.
- </p>
- <p>
- The presence of a <code>provenance</code> link in an HTTP response does not preclude the possibility that other publishers may offer provenance information about the same resource. In such cases, discovery of the additional provenance information must use other means (e.g. see <a href="#provenance-services" class="sectionRef"></a>).
- </p>
- <p>
- Provenance resources indicated in this way are not guaranteed to be authoritative. Trust in the linked provenance information must be determined separately from trust in the original resource, just as in the web at large, it is a users' responsibility to determine an appropriate level of trust in any other linked resource; e.g. based on the domain that serves it, or an associated digital signature. (Ssee also <a href="#security-considerations" class="sectionRef"></a>.)
- </p>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Specifying Provenance Services</h2>
- <p>
- The document provider may indicate that provenance information about the document is provided by a <a class="internalDFN">provenance service</a>. This is done through the use of a <code>provenance-service</code> link relation type following the same pattern as above:
- </p>
- <pre class="pattern">
-Link: <cite>provenance-service-URI</cite>; anchor="<cite>entity-URI</cite>"; rel="provenance-service"</pre>
- <p>
- The <code>provenance-service</code> link identifies the <a class="internalDFN">service-URI</a>. Dereferencing this URI yields a service description that provides further information to enable a client to determine a <a class="internalDFN">provenance-URI</a> or retrieve <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a> for an <a class="internalDFN">entity</a>; see <a href="#provenance-services" class="sectionRef"></a> for more details.
- </p>
- <p>
- There may be multiple <code>provenance-service</code> link header fields, and these may appear in an HTTP response together with <code>provenance</code> link header fields (though, in simple cases, we anticipate that <code>provenance</code> and <code>provenance-service</code> link relations will not be used together).
- </p>
- </section>
-
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Resource represented as HTML</h2>
- <p>
- For a document presented as HTML or XHTML, without regard for how it has been obtained, provenance information may be associated with a resource by adding a <code><Link></code> element to the HTML <code><head></code> section.
- Two new link relation types for referencing provenance information are registered according to the template in <a href="#iana-considerations" class="sectionRef"></a>, and may be used as shown:
- <pre class="pattern">
- <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
- <head>
- <link rel="provenance" href="<cite>provenance-URI</cite>">
- <link rel="anchor" href="<cite>entity-URI</cite>">
- <title>Welcome to example.com</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- ...
- </body>
- </html></pre>
- </p>
- <p>
- The <code><cite>provenance-URI</cite></code> given by the <code>provenance</code> link element identifies the provenance-URI for the document.
- </p>
- <p>
- The <code><cite>entity-URI</cite></code> given by the <code>anchor</code> link element specifies an specifies an identifier for the entity that may be used within the provenance information when referring to the document.
- </p>
- <p>
- An HTML document header MAY include multiple "provenance" link elements, indicating a number of different provenance resources that are known to the creator of the document, each of which may provide provenance information about the document.
- </p>
- <p>
- Likewise, the header MAY include multiple "anchor" link elements indicating that, e.g., different revisions of the document can be identified in the provenance information using the different <code><cite>entity-URIs</cite></code>.
- </p>
- <p>
- If no "anchor" link element is provided then the <code><cite>entity-URI</cite></code> is assumed to be the URI of the document. It is RECOMMENDED that this convention be used only when the document is static.
- </p>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Specifying Provenance Services</h2>
- <p>
- The document creator may specify that the provenance information about the document is provided by a <a class="internalDFN">provenance service</a>. This is done through the use of a third link relation type following the same pattern as above:
- </p>
- <pre class="pattern">
- <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
- <head>
- <link rel="provenance-service" href="<cite>service-URI</cite>">
- <link rel="anchor" href="<cite>entity-URI</cite>">
- <title>Welcome to example.com</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- ...
- </body>
- </html></pre>
- <p>
- The <code>provenance-service</code> link element identifies the <a class="internalDFN">service-URI</a>. Dereferencing this URI yields a service description that provides further information to enable a client to access <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a> for an <a class="internalDFN">entity</a>; see <a href="#provenance-services" class="sectionRef"></a> for more details.
- </p>
- <p>
- There may be multiple <code>provenance-service</code> link elements, and these MAY appear in the same document as <code>anchor</code> and <code>provenance</code> link elements (though, in simple cases, we anticipate that <code>provenance</code> and <code>provenance-service</code> link relations would not be used together).
- </p>
- </section>
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Resource represented as RDF</h2>
- <p>
- If a resource is represented as RDF (in any of its recognized syntaxes, including RDFa), it may contain references to its own provenance using additional RDF statements. For this purpose three new RDF properties, <code>prov:hasProvenance</code>, <code>prov:hasAnchor</code>, and <code>prov:hasProvenanceService</code>, are defined in the following.
- (These terms may be used to indicate provenance of other resources too, but discussion of such usage is beyond the scope of this section.)
- </p>
- <p>
- The RDF property <code>prov:hasProvenance</code> is defined as a relation between two resources, where the object of the property is a resource that provides provenance information about the subject resource. Multiple <code>prov:hasProvenance</code> assertions may be made about a subject resource. This property corresponds to a <a href="#registration-template-for-link-relation---provenance">"provenance" link relation</a> used with an HTTP <code>Link</code> header field, or HTML <code><link></code> element.
- </p>
- <p>
- Property <code>prov:hasAnchor</code> specifies an <a class="internalDFN">entity-URI</a> used in the provenance information to refer to the RDF document.
- This corresponds to use of the "anchor" parameter in an HTTP "provenance" <code>Link</code> header field, or an <a href="#registration-template-for-link-relation---anchor">"anchor" link relation</a> in an HTML <code><link></code> element, which similarly indicate a URI used by the provenance information to refer to the described document.
- </p>
- <p>
- Property <code>prov:hasProvenanceService</code> specifies a <a class="internalDFN">service-URI</a>s associated with the RDF document for possible access to provenance information. This property corresponds to a <a href="#registration-template-for-link-relation---provenance-service">"provenance-service" link relation</a> used with an HTTP <code>Link</code> header field, or HTML <code><link></code> element.
- </p>
- <p class="TODO">
- @@TODO: document namespace. Check naming style. Use provenance model namespace? Define as part of model?<br/>
- @@TODO: example, when vocabulary issues are settled.
- </p>
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Arbitrary data</h2>
- <p class="pending">
- We have so far decided not to try and define a common mechanism for arbitrary data, because it's not clear to us what the correct choice would be. Is this a reasonable position, or is there a real need for a generic solution for provenance discovery for arbitrary, non-web-accessible data objects?
- </p>
- <p>
- If a resource is represented using a data format other than HTML or RDF, and no URI for the resource is known, provenance discovery becomes trickier to achieve. This specification does not define a specific mechanism for such arbitrary resources, but this section discusses some of the options that might be considered.
- </p>
- <p>
- For formats which have provision for including metadata within the file (e.g. JPEG images, PDF documents, etc.), use the format-specific metadata to include a <a class="internalDFN">entity-URI</a>, <a class="internalDFN">provenance-URI</a> and/or <a class="internalDFN">service-URI</a>. Format-specific metadata provision might also be used to include <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a> directly in the resource.
- </p>
- <p>
- Use a generic packaging format that can combine an arbitrary data file with a separate metadata file in a known format, such as RDF. At this time, it is not clear what format that should be, but some possible candidates are:
- <ul>
- <li>MIME multipart/related [[RFC2387]]: both email and HTTP are based on MIME or MIME-derivatives, so this has the advantage of working well with the network transfer mechanisms discussed in the motivating scenarios considered.
- </li>
- <li>
- Composite object-packaging work from the digital library community, of which there are several (ORE, MPEG-21, BagIt @@refs) to name a handful. Practical implementations of these seem to commonly be based on the ZIP file format.
- </li>
- <li>
- Packaging formats along the lines of those used for shipping Java web applications or (basically, a ZIP file with a manifest and some imposed structure)
- </li>
- <li>
- Ongoing work in the research community (e.g. <a href="http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/21587/">Why Linked Data is Not Enough for Scientists</a>, ePub, etc.) to encapsulate data, code, annotations and metadata into a common exchangeable format.
- </li>
- </ul>
- </p>
- <p class="TODO">
- Fix references in above text.
- </p>
- </section>
-
- </section>
-
-<!-- == Sect 4 =================================================================================== -->
-
- <section>
- <h2>Provenance Services</h2>
- <p>
- This section describes a REST based protocol [[REST-APIs]] for provenance services with facilities for the retrieval of provenance information. The protocol specifies the semantics of HTTP operations for retrival of provenance information from a provenance service. This protocol follows the approach of the SPARQl Graph Store HTTP Protocol.
-
- The introduction of this protocol is motivated by the following reasons:
- <ul>
- <li>the naming authority associated with the entity-uri is not the same as the server managing provenance information</li>
- <li> other services may have provenance information about the same entity</li>
- <li> the naming authority for the entity-uri is not available <li.
- <li> there is no dereferencable provenance-uri containing provenance information for a particular entity</li>
- <li> provenance services may provide additional extensibility points for allowing the control over returned provenance information.
- </ul>
-
- <section>
- <h2>HTTP GET</h2>
- <blockquote>As discussed in [RFC3986], query components are often used to carry identifying information in the form of key / value pairs where the value is another URI. -- [SPARQL Graph Store HTTP Protocol]</blockquote>
-
- This protocol leverages this convention and provides a specific interface whereby a entity-uri can be embedded within the query component of the request URI:
- <p>
- <code>
- <pre>
- GET /provenance/service?<b>provenance-element</b>=http%3A//www.example.com/entity HTTP/1.1
- Host: example.com
- </pre>
- </code>
- The embedded entity-uri (http:www.example.com/entity) is precent-encoded and identifies the entity for which provenance information is to be returned. Any server that implements this protocol and receives a request URI in this form SHOULD return provenance information for the URI embedded in the query component where the URI is the result of percent-decoding the value associated with the provenance-element key. The embedded URI MUST be an absolute URI and the server MUST respond with a 400 Bad Request if it is not.
- <p>
- If the provenance information identified in the request does not exist in the server, a 404 Not Found response code SHOULD be provided in the response.
- </p>
- <p>
- Provenance information about a resource or resources may be returned in any format. It is recommended that the format be one defined by the Provenance Model specification [[PROV-DM]] and its associated serializations. Services must identity the <code>Content-Type</code> of the information returned. Furthermore, services SHOULD respect the <code>Content-Type</p></code> specified by the client.
-
- <p class="TODO">
- @@TODO:Should we allow more than one provenance element?
- @@TODO: It would be helpful to have content types for PROV-O, PROV-XML and so on. How? This would help with interoprability.
- @@TODO: Should we rename to protocol?
- </p>
- </section>
-
-
- <!-- <section class="informative"> -->
- <section>
- <h2>Provenance service discovery</h2>
- <p>
- This specification does not define any specific mechanism for discovering provenance services. Applications may use any appropriate mechanism, including but not limited to: prior configuration, search engines, service registries, etc.
- </p>
- <p>
- To facilitate service discovery, we recommend that RDF publication of service descriptions uses the provenance service type <code>http://www.w3.org/ns/prov/ProvenanceService</code>, defined by the <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/0abd4c442b42/ontology/components/ProvenanceService.ttl">provenance ontology</a> [[PROV-O]]. The RDF examples in <a href="#provenance-service-format-examples" class="sectionRef"></a> show this use.
- </p>
- <p class="TODO">
- @@TODO: Fix up URI used in the "provenance ontology" link above, when finalized.
- @@TODO: Do we need this discussion?
- </p>
- </section>
-
- </section>
-
-<!-- == Sect 5 =================================================================================== -->
-<section>
-<h2> Best Practice </h2>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Best Practice: Using SPARQL for Provenance Queries</h2>
- <p>
- Simply identifying and retrieving provenance information as a web resource may not always meet the requirements of a particular application or service, e.g.:
- <ul>
- <li>the entity for which provenance information is required is not identified by a known URI</li>
- <li>the provenance information for an entity is not directly identified by a known URI</li>
- <li>a requirement to access provenance information for a number of distinct but related entities in a single atomic operation</li>
- <li><i>etc.</i></li>
- </ul>
- </p>
- <p>
- A provenance query service provides an alternative way to access provenance information and/or Provenance-URIs. An application will need a provenance query service URI, and some relevant information about the entity whose provenance is to be accessed.
- </p>
- <p>
- The details of a provenance query service is an implementation choice, but for interoperability between different providers and users we recommend use of SPARQL [[RDF-SPARQL-PROTOCOL]] [[RDF-SPARQL-QUERY]]. The query service URI would then be the URI of a SPARQL endpoint (or, to use the SPARQL specification language, a <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-protocol/#conformant-sparql-protocol-service">SPARQL protocol service</a>). The following subsections provide examples for what are considered to be some plausible common scenarios for using SPARQL, and are not intended to cover all possibilities.
- </p>
- <p>
- A SPARQL protocol service description may be published using the <cite>SPARQL 1.1 Service Description</cite> vocabulary [[SPARQL-SD]].
- </p>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Find provenance-URI given entity-URI of resource</h2>
- <p>
- If the requester has an <a class="internalDFN">entity-URI</a>, a simple SPARQL query may be used to return the corresponding <a class="internalDFN">provenance-URI</a>. E.g., if the original resource has a entity-URI <code>http://example.org/resource</code>,
- <code>
- <pre class="example code">
- @prefix prov: <@@TBD>
- SELECT ?provenance_uri WHERE
- {
- <http://example.org/resource> prov:hasProvenance ?provenance_uri
- }
- </pre>
- </code>
- </p>
- <p class="TODO">
- @@TODO: specific provenance namespace and property to be determined by the model or ontology specification?
- </p>
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Find Provenance-URI given identifying information about a resource</h2>
- <p>
- If the requester has identifying information that is not the URI of the original resource, then they will need to construct a more elaborate query to locate an entity description and obtain its provenance-URI(s). The nature of identifying information that can be used in this way will depend upon the third party service used, further definition of which is out of scope for this specification. For example, a query for a document identified by a DOI, say <code>1234.5678</code>, using the PRISM vocabulary [[PRISM]] recommended by FaBio [[FABIO]], might look like this:
- <pre class="example code">
- @prefix prov: <@@TBD>
- @prefix prism: <http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/>
- SELECT ?provenance_uri WHERE
- {
- [ prism:doi "1234.5678" ] prov:hasProvenance ?provenance_uri
- }
- </pre>
- </p>
- <p class="TODO">
- @@TODO: specific provenance namespace and property to be determined by the model specification?
- </p>
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Obtain provenance information directly given an entity-URI of a resource</h2>
- <p>
- This scenario retrieves provenance information directly given the URI of a resource or entity, and may be useful where the provenance information has not been assigned a specific URI, or when the calling application is interested only in specific elements of provenance information.
- </p>
- <p>
- If the original resource has an entity-URI <code>http://example.org/resource</code>, a SPARQL query for provenance information might look like this:
- <pre class="example code">
- @prefix prov: <@@TBD>
- CONSTRUCT
- {
- <http://example.org/resource> ?p ?v
- }
- WHERE
- {
- <http://example.org/resource> ?p ?v
- }
- </pre>
- This query essentially extracts all available properties and values available from the query service used that are directly about the specified entity, and returns them as an RDF graph. This may be fine if the service contains <em>only</em> provenance information about the indicated resource, or if the non-provenance information is also of interest. A more complex query using specific provenance vocabulary terms may be needed to selectively retrieve just provenance information when other kinds of information are also available.
- </p>
- <p class="TODO">
- @@TODO: specific provenance namespace and property to be determined by the model specification? The above query pattern assumes provenance information is included in direct properties about the entity. When an RDF provenance vocabulary is fully formulated, this may well turn out to not be the case. A better example would be one that retrieves specific provenance information when the vocabulary terms have been defined.
- </p>
- </section>
-
- </section>
-
-<!-- == Sect 6 ===================================================================================== -->
-
- <section>
- <h2>Best Practice: Incremental Provenance Retrieval</h2>
- <p><a class="internalDFN">Provenance information</a> may be large. While this specification does not define how to implement scalable provenance systems, it does allow for publishers to make available provenance in an incremental fashion. We now discuss two possibilities for incremental provenance retrieval.
- </p>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Via Web Retrieval</h2>
- <p>Publishers are not required to publish all the provenance information associated with a given entity at a particular <a class="internalDFN">provenance-URI</a>. The amount of provenance information exposed is application dependent. However, it is possible to incrementally retrieve (i.e. walk the provenance graph) by progressively looking up provenance information using HTTP. The pattern is as follows:
- <ol>
- <li>For a given entity (<code>entity-uri-1</code>) retrieve it's associated <code>provenance-uri-1</code> and its associated <code>entity-uri-1</code> using the HTTP <code>Link</code> header (<a href="#resource-accessed-by-http" class="sectionRef"></a>)</li>
- <li>Dereference <code>provenance-uri-1</code></li>
- <li>Navigate the provenance information</li>
- <li>When reaching a dead-end during navigation, that is on encountering a reference to an entity (<code>entity-uri-2</code>) with no provided provenance information, find its provenance-URI and continue from Step 2. (Note: an HTTP HEAD request for <code>entity-uri-2</code> may be used to obtain the Link headers without retrieving the entity content.)</li>
- </ol>
- </p>
- <p>To reduce the overhead of multiple HTTP requests, a provenance information publisher are encouraged to link entities to their associated provenance information using the <code>prov:hasProvenance</code> predicate. Thus, the same pattern above applies, except instead of having to retrieve a new <code>Link</code> header field, one can immediately dereference the entity's associated provenance.
- </p>
- <p>The same approach can be adopted when using the <a class="internalDFN">provenance service</a> API (<a href="#provenance-services" class="sectionRef"></a>). However, instead of performing an HTTP HEAD or GET against a resource one queries the provenance service using the given <a class="internalDFN">entity-uri</a>.
- </p>
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Via SPARQL Queries</h2>
- <p>Provenance information may be made available using a SPARQL endpoint (<a href="#querying-provenance-information" class="sectionRef"></a>) [[RDF-SPARQL-PROTOCOL]] [[RDF-SPARQL-QUERY]]. Using SPARQL queries, provenance can be selectively retrieved using combinations of filters and or path queries.
- </p>
- </section>
-
- </section>
-</section>
-
-<!-- ===================================================================================== -->
-
- <section>
- <h2>IANA considerations</h2>
- <p>This document requests registration of new link relations, per <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5988#section-6.2.1">section-6.2.1 of RFC 5988</a>.
- </p>
- <p class="TODO">
- @@TODO The following templates should be completed and submitted to link-relations@ietf.org:
- </p>
- <section>
- <h2>Registration template for link relation: "provenance"</h2>
- <p>
- <dl>
- <dt>Relation Name:</dt>
- <dd>
- <code>provenance</code>
- </dd>
- <dt>Description:</dt>
- <dd>
- the resource identified by target IRI of the link provides provenance information about the entity identified by the context link
- </dd>
- <dt>Reference:</dt>
- <dd>
- @@this spec, @@provenance-model-spec
- </dd>
- <dt>Notes:</dt>
- <dd>
- ...
- </dd>
- <dt>Application Data:</dt>
- <dd>
- ...
- </dd>
- </dl>
- </p>
- </section>
- <section>
- <h2>Registration template for link relation: "anchor"</h2>
- <p class="pending">
- The name "anchor" has been used for the link relation name, despite the corresponding URI being described as an entity-URI. This terminology has been chosen to align with usage in the description of the HTTP <code>Link</code> header field, per <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5988#section-5.2">RFC 5988</a>.
- </p>
- <p>
- <dl>
- <dt>Relation Name:</dt>
- <dd>
- <code>anchor</code>
- </dd>
- <dt>Description:</dt>
- <dd>
- when used in conjunction with a "provenance" link, the resource identified by target IRI of the link is an entity for which provenance information may be provided. This may be used, for example, to isolate relevant information from a referenced document that contains provenance information for several entities.
- </dd>
- <dt>Reference:</dt>
- <dd>
- @@this spec, @@provenance-model-spec
- </dd>
- <dt>Notes:</dt>
- <dd>
- ...
- </dd>
- <dt>Application Data:</dt>
- <dd>
- ...
- </dd>
- </dl>
- </p>
- </section>
- <section>
- <h2>Registration template for link relation: "provenance-service"</h2>
- <p>
- <dl>
- <dt>Relation Name:</dt>
- <dd>
- <code>provenance-service</code>
- </dd>
- <dt>Description:</dt>
- <dd>
- the resource identified by target URI of the link is an provenance service per <a href="#provenance-services" class="sectionRef"></a> of this specification.
- </dd>
- <dt>Reference:</dt>
- <dd>
- @@this spec, @@provenance-model-spec
- </dd>
- <dt>Notes:</dt>
- <dd>
- ...
- </dd>
- <dt>Application Data:</dt>
- <dd>
- ...
- </dd>
- </dl>
- </p>
- </section>
- </section>
-
-<!-- ===================================================================================== -->
-
- <section>
- <h2>Security considerations</h2>
- <p>
- Provenance is central to establishing trust in data. If provenance information is corrupted, it may lead agents (human or software) to draw inappropriate and possibly harmful conclusions. Therefore, care is needed to ensure that the integrity of provenance information is maintained.
- </p>
- <p>
- When using HTTP to access provenance information, or to determine a provenance URI, secure HTTP (https) SHOULD be used.
- </p>
- <p>
- When retrieving a provenance URI from a document, steps SHOULD be taken to ensure the document itself is an accurate copy of the original whose author is being trusted (e.g. signature checking, or verifying its checksum against an author-provided secure web service).
- </p>
- <p class="TODO">
- @@TODO ... privacy, access control to provenance (note to self: discussed in Edinburgh linked data provenance workshop). In particular, note that the fact that a resource is openly accessible does not mean that its provenance information should also be.
- </p>
- </section>
-
-<!-- ===================================================================================== -->
-
- <section class='appendix'>
- <h2>Acknowledgements</h2>
- <p>
- The editors acknowledge the contribution and review from members of the provenance working group.
- </p>
- <p>
- Many thanks to Robin Berjon for making our lives so much easier with his cool <a href="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/documentation.html">ReSpec</a> tool.
- </p>
- </section>
-
-<!-- ===================================================================================== -->
-
- <!--
-<section class='appendix'>
- <h2>Provenance service format examples</h2>
- <p>
- In <a href="#provenance-services" class="sectionRef"></a>, the provenance service description was represented as a JSON-formatted document. As noted, HTTP content negotiation MAY be enabled to retrieve the document in alternative formats. This appendix provides examples of service description document represented using RDF Turtle and XML syntaxes, and XML.
- </p>
-
- <section>
- <h2>RDF Turtle example of service description</h2>
- <p>
- This example uses the RDF Turtle format [[TURTLE]], presented as MIME content-type <code>text/turtle</code>.
- </p>
- <pre class="example code">
- @prefix provds: <@@TBD@@#> .
- @prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o/> .
-
- <http://example.org/provenance_service/> a prov:ProvenanceService ;
- provds:provenance_locations_template "http://example.org/provenance_service/locations/?uri={uri}" ;
- provds:provenance_content_template "http://example.org/provenance_service/provenance/?uri={uri}"
- .
- </pre>
- <p class="note">
- The provenance URI templates are encoded in RDF as plain string literals, <em>not</em> as resource URIs.
- </p>
- <p class="TODO">
- Finalize URIs in the above example.
- </p>
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <h2>RDF/XML example of service description</h2>
- <p>This is essentially the same as the Turtle example above, but encoded in RDF/XML [[RDF-SYNTAX-GRAMMAR]], and presented as MIME content-type <code>application/xml+rdf</code>.</p>
- <pre class="example code">
- <rdf:RDF
- xmlns:rdf = "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
- xmlns:rdfs = "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
- xmlns:provds = "@@TBD@@#"
- xmlns:prov = "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o/"
- >
- <prov:ProvenanceService rdf:about="http://example.org/provenance_service/">
- example.org <provds:provenance_locations_template>http://example.org/provenance_service/locations/?uri={uri}</provds:location_template> ;
- <provds:provenance_content_template>http://example.org/provenance_service/provenance/?uri={uri}</provds:provenance_template> ;
- </prov:ProvenanceService>
- </rdf:RDF>
- </pre>
- <p class="TODO">
- Finalize URIs in the above example.
- </p>
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Plain XML example of service description</h2>
- <p class="TODO">
- @@TODO: provide example and schema
- </p>
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <h2>RDF Turtle example of provenance locations</h2>
- <p>
- This example uses the RDF Turtle format [[TURTLE]], presented as MIME content type <code>text/turtle</code>.
- </p>
- <pre class="example code">
- @prefix prov: <@@TBD@@#> .
- <http://example.org/qdata/> a prov:Entity ;
- prov:hasProvenance <http://source1.example.org/provenance/qdata/> ;
- prov:hasProvenance <http://source2.example.org/prov/qdata/> ;
- prov:hasProvenance <http://source3.example.com/prov?id=qdata>
- .
- </pre>
- <p class="issue">
- NOTE: The namespace URI used here for the provenance properties is different from that used in the service description. I am anticipating that it will be defined as part of the provenance model. If it is not defined as part of the provenance model, then a property name should be allocated in the provenance discovery service namespace.
- </p>
- <p class="TODO">@@TODO: revise to conform with Provenance Model vocabulary; review URIs</p>
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <h2>RDF/XML example of provenance locations</h2>
- <p>
- This is essentially the same as the Turtle example above, but encoded in RDF/XML [[RDF-SYNTAX-GRAMMAR]], and presented with MIME content type <code>application/rdf+xml</code>.
- </p>
- <pre class="example code">
- <rdf:RDF
- xmlns:rdf = "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
- xmlns:rdfs = "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
- xmlns:prov = "@@TBD@@#"
- >
- <prov:Entity rdf:about="http://example.org/qdata/">
- <prov:hasProvenance rdf:resource="http://source1.example.org/provenance/qdata/" /> ;
- <prov:hasProvenance rdf:resource="http://source2.example.org/prov/qdata/" /> ;
- <prov:hasProvenance rdf:resource="http://source3.example.com/prov?id=qdata" /> ;
- </prov:Entity>
- </rdf:RDF>
- </pre>
- <p class="TODO">@@TODO: revise to conform with Provenance Model vocabulary</p>
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Plain XML example of provenance locations</h2>
- <p class="TODO">
- @@TODO: provide example and schema
- </p>
- </section>
-
- </section>
- -->
-
-<!-- ===================================================================================== -->
-
-<!--
- <section class="appendix">
- <h2>Motivating scenario</h2>
- <p class="pending">
- I propose to replace this appendix with text based on Yogesh's walk-through of the scenario, renaming to be something like "Motivating scenario and examples"
- </p>
- <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvenanceAccessScenario">This scenario</a> was selected by the provenance working group as a touchstone for evaluating any provenance access proposal. This appendix evaluates the foregoing proposals against the requirements implied by that scenario.</p>
- <p>
- <ul>
- <li>Obtaining the document D: for the purpose of this analysis, it is assumed that the access to the document is either from a known Web URI, or the document is available as HTML or RDF (the primary web standards for documents and data). The mechanisms here are in principle applicable to other document forms of a per-format basis.
- <ul>
- <li>D1, D2: use the HTTP <code>Link:</code> header. Any server providing the document may provide this information. Different servers might offer links to different provenance sources.</li>
- <li>D3: information provided as an image with a known URI, but from a non-provenance-aware source. The image URI can be used as a key to access a third party provenance discovery service.
- <li>D4, D6, D7, D8: information provided as an image, without a known web location. At the very least, some mechanism, not specified here, is needed to identify the image provided. In the case of an email attachment, it is possible (but not guaranteed) that the email message MIME wrapper specifies a URI for the image, which can be used as a key. Some image formats support embedded metadata which might be used for this purpose. <em>(Arbitrary data files could be wrapped in a package, say MIME multipart/related [[RFC2387]], that could include additional metadata. Image files could be wrapped in a minimal HTML document. It is not clear to me at this stage that a single mechanism is appropriate for all situations)</em>.</li>
- <li>D5: HTML email. Depending on how the HTML is constructed, the HTML header could include <code><link></code> elements.</li>
- </ul>
- </li>
- <li>Lacking identification or in-band metadata, some independent identification of the thing represented by an available mechanism is required. <em>I think this is unavoidable</em></li>
- <li>Enacting the "Oh yeah?" feature
- <ul>
- <li>W: once a URI for provenance information has been determined, accessing it using a web browser or other web client software should be straightforward. If the provenance is accessible via a third party query service, that may be less straightforward.</li>
- <li>E: this scenario seems to envisage a wholesale overhaul of email client software, which seems unlikely. If a URI for provenance can be provided, the natural way to access it would be via a web client of some kind, which might be a browser or other software.</li>
- <li>S: this scenario effectively calls for this: given an arbitrary data resource, implement a general purpose application to discover, retrieve and analyze provenance about that resource. At the present time, this is a matter for experimental development, which could be based substantially on the mechanisms described for provenance discovery and access via third party services.</li>
- </ul>
- </li>
- <li>I: Accessing the provenance
- <ul>
- <li>W: a web client needs one or more URIs for provenance information, and/or URI(s) for a provenance query service and sufficient additional information about the resource to formulate an effective query. They may also need access information that can be used to assess (or help a user assess) the trustworthiness of provenance of information obtained, (which could be more provenance information)</li>
- <li>E: an email client is a passive receiver of information, so asking one to retrieve provenance information is a perverse expectation. There have been some attempts to standardize email protocols that interact with the email sender but such mechanisms have not been significantly deployed in practice. This case can be viewed as a variation on the shell-client case (S) below. If all provenance information is sent <em>with</em> the original content using standard email mechanisms (MIME multipart, etc.) then the email client may use that (or hand it off to a helper application) as the basis for provenance-based analysis or presentation.</li>
- <li>S: command shell or other local application. This is the general case for provenance access. Given some arbitrary information, what does a provenance-aware application need to access the required provenance information? It may employ any of the mechanisms described above.</li>
- </ul>
- </li>
- </ul>
- </p>
- <section>
- <h2>Gap analysis</h2>
- <p>
- There are clearly a number of capabilities needed for a provenance-aware application that are not covered by the mechanisms described above. But most of these amount to implementation details and decisions for a particular application, and as such are beyond the scope of this document to specify.
- </p>
- <p>
- One feature not covered above that might be a candidate for specification is a common format for a data package that combines original content along with provenance-related metadata or data. At this stage, it is not clear what format that might take, but some possible candidates are discussed in <a href="#arbitrary-data" class="sectionRef"></a>.
- In any case, it seems to me that a specification that is specific for provenance to the exclusion of other metadata is unlikely to obtain traction, as provenance is just part of a wider landscape of information quality, trust, preservation and more.
- </p>
- </section>
- </section>
-
--->
-
- </body>
-</html>
--- a/paq/working/prov-aq.html Sun Nov 11 13:24:59 2012 -0500
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,957 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-
-<html>
- <head>
- <title>PROV-AQ: Provenance Access and Query</title>
- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/respec.css" />
- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/prov-aq.css" />
- <meta http-equiv='Content-Type' content='text/html;charset=utf-8'/>
-<!-- Use common W3C-hosted version of ReSpec.js:
--->
- <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
-<!-- Use local version of ReSpec.js for debugging:
- <script src="js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
--->
- <script class='remove'>
- var addExtraReferences = function() {
- for (var k in extraReferences)
- berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
- };
- var extraReferences = {
-
- "LINK-REL" : "M. Nottingham, <a href='http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5988.txt'><cite>Web Linking</cite></a>, October 2010, Internet RFC 5988. URL: <a href='http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5988.txt'>http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5988.txt</a>",
-
- "RFC2387" : "E. Levinson. <a href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2387.txt\"><cite>The MIME Multipart/Related Content-type.</cite></a> August 1998. Internet RFC 2387. URL: <a href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2387.txt\">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2387.txt</a>",
-
- "RFC2392" : "E. Levinson. <a href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2392.txt\"><cite>Content-ID and Message-ID Uniform Resource Locators.</cite></a> August 1998. Internet RFC 2392. URL: <a href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2392.txt\">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2392.txt</a>",
-
- "RFC3297" : "G. Klyne; R. Iwazaki; D. Crocker. <a href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3297.txt\"><cite>Content Negotiation for Messaging Services based on Email.</cite></a> July 2002. Internet RFC 3297. URL: <a href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3297.txt\">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3297.txt</a>",
-
- "PRISM" : "International Digital Enterprise Alliance, Inc. <a href=\"http://www.prismstandard.org/specifications/2.0/PRISM_prism_namespace_2.0.pdf\"><cite>PRISM: Publishing Requirements for Industry Standard Metadata</cite></a>. February 2008. URL: <a href=\"http://www.prismstandard.org/specifications/2.0/PRISM_prism_namespace_2.0.pdf\">http://www.prismstandard.org/specifications/2.0/PRISM_prism_namespace_2.0.pdf</a>",
-
- "FABIO" : "D. Shotton; S. Peroni. <a href=\"http://speroni.web.cs.unibo.it/cgi-bin/lode/req.py?req=http:/purl.org/spar/fabio#namespacedeclarations\"><cite>FaBiO, the FRBR-aligned Bibliographic Ontology.</cite></a> June 2011. URL: <a href=\"http://speroni.web.cs.unibo.it/cgi-bin/lode/req.py?req=http:/purl.org/spar/fabio#namespacedeclarations\">http://speroni.web.cs.unibo.it/cgi-bin/lode/req.py?req=http:/purl.org/spar/fabio#namespacedeclarations</a>",
-
- "URI-template":
- "J. Gregorio; R. Fielding; M. Hadley; M. Nottingham; D. Orchard. "+
- "<a href=\"http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6570\"><cite>URI Template</cite></a>. "+
- "March 2012, Internet RFC 6570. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6570/\"><cite>http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6570</cite></a>",
-
- "REST":
- "R. Fielding. "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/rest_arch_style.htm\"><cite>Representational State Transfer (REST)</cite></a>. "+
- "2000, Ph.D. dissertation. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/rest_arch_style.htm\"http://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/rest_arch_style.htm>http://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/rest_arch_style.htm</a>",
-
- "REST-APIs":
- "R. Fielding. "+
- "<a href=\"http://roy.gbiv.com/untangled/2008/rest-apis-must-be-hypertext-driven\"><cite>REST APIs must be hypertext driven</cite></a>. "+
- "October 2008 (blog post), "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://roy.gbiv.com/untangled/2008/rest-apis-must-be-hypertext-driven\">http://roy.gbiv.com/untangled/2008/rest-apis-must-be-hypertext-driven</a>",
-
- "PROV-DM":
- "L. Moreau; P. Missier. "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>The PROV Data Model and Abstract Syntax Notation</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Work in progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
-
- "PROV-O":
- "S. Sahoo; D. McGuinness. "+
- "<a href=\"http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/ontology/ProvenanceFormalModel.html\"><cite>PROV Ontology Model</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Work in progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/ontology/ProvenanceFormalModel.html/\">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/ontology/ProvenanceFormalModel.html</a>",
-
- "SPARQL-SD":
- "G. T. Williams. "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-service-description/\"><cite>SPARQL 1.1 Service Description</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Work in progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-service-description/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-service-description/</a>",
-
- "SPARQL-HTTP":
- "Chimezie Ogbuji. "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-http-rdf-update/\"><cite>SPARQL 1.1 Service Description</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Work in progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-http-rdf-update/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-http-rdf-update/</a>",
-
- };
- var respecConfig = {
- // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
- specStatus: "ED",
-
- // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
- shortName: "prov-aq",
-
- // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
- // formal title, define it here
- // subtitle : "an excellent document",
-
- // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
- // publishDate: "2009-08-06",
-
- // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
- // the start date here:
- copyrightStart: "2011",
-
- // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
- // and its maturity status
- // previousPublishDate: "1977-03-15",
- // previousMaturity: "WD",
-
- // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
- //edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/tip/paq/prov-aq.html",
- edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/tip/paq/working/prov-aq.html",
-
- // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
- // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
-
- // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
- // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
- //extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css"],
- extraCSS: [],
-
- // editors, add as many as you like
- // only "name" is required
- editors: [
- { name: "Graham Klyne", url: "",
- company: "University of Oxford", companyURL: "http://www.ox.ac.uk/" },
-
- { name: "Paul Groth", url: "",
- company: "VU University Amsterdam", companyURL: "http://www.vu.nl/" },
- ],
-
- // authors, add as many as you like.
- // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
- // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
-
- //authors: [
- // { name: "Your Name", url: "http://example.org/",
- // company: "Your Company", companyURL: "http://example.com/" },
- //],
-
- // authors, add as many as you like.
- // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
- // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
-
- authors: [
- { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
- company: "University of Southampton" },
- { name: "Olaf Hartig", url: "http://olafhartig.de/",
- company: "Invited Expert"},
- { name: "Yogesh Simmhan",
- company: "Invited Expert"},
- { name: "James Myers", url:"http://www.rpi.edu/research/ccni/",
- company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute"},
- { name: "Timothy Lebo", url:"http://tw.rpi.edu/web/person/TimLebo",
- company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute"},
- { name: "Khalid Belhajjame", url: "http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Khalid_Belhajjame",
- company: "University of Manchester" },
- { name: "Simon Miles",
- company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/simonm/" },
- ],
-
- // name of the WG
- wg: "Provenance Working Group",
-
- // URI of the public WG page
- wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov",
-
- // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
- wgPublicList: "public-prov-comments",
-
- // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
- // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
- // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
- // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
- // Team Contact.
- wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
-
- // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
- preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
- };
- </script>
- </head>
- <body>
-
-
- <section id='abstract'>
-This document specifies how to use standard Web protocols,
-including HTTP, to obtain information about the provenance of
-resources on the Web. We describe both simple access mechanisms for
-locating provenance information associated with web pages or resources, and
-provenance query services for more complex deployments. This is
-part of the larger W3C Prov provenance framework.
- </section>
-
- <section id="sotd">
- This document is part of a set of specifications produced by the W3C provenance working group to define interoperable interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. It describes the use of existing web mechanisms for discovery and retrieval of provenance information.
-
- <h4>PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
-The PROV family of specifications aims to define the various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
-interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web.
-The specifications are as follows.
-<ul>
-<li> PROV-DM, the PROV data model for provenance,</li>
-<li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS, a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model,</li>
-<li> PROV-N, a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption,</li>
-<li> PROV-O, the PROV ontology, an OWL-RL ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF,</li>
-<li> PROV-AQ, the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance (this document), </li>
-<li> PROV-PRIMER, a primer for the PROV data model,</li>
-<li> PROV-SEM, a formal semantics for the PROV data model.</li>
-<li> PROV-XML, an XML schema for the PROV data model.</li>
-</ul>
-<h4>How to read the PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
-<ul>
-<li>The primer is the entry point to PROV offering a pedagogical presentation of the provenance model.</li>
-<li>The Linked Data and Semantic Web community should focus on PROV-O defining PROV classes and properties specified in an OWL-RL ontology. For further details, PROV-DM and PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS specify the constraints applicable to the data model, and its interpretation. PROV-SEM provides a mathematical semantics.</li>
-<li>The XML community should focus on PROV-XML defining an XML schema for PROV-DM. Further details can also be found in PROV-DM, PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS, and PROV-SEM.</li>
-<li>Developers seeking to retrieve or publish provenance should focus of PROV-AQ.</li>
-<li>Readers seeking to implement other PROV serializations
-should focus on PROV-DM and PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS. PROV-O, PROV-N, PROV-XML offer examples of mapping to RDF, text, and XML, respectively.</li>
-</ul>
-<h4>Second Public Working Draft</h4>
-This is the second public working draft. The changes focus on revising the provenance-service specification to provide better guidance to developers as well as introducing better naming conventions for the use of link headers in locating provenance.
-<p>
-
- </section>
-
-
-<!-- == Sect 1 =================================================================================== -->
-
- <section>
- <h2>Introduction</h2>
- <p>
- The Provenance Data Model [[PROV-DM]] and Provenance Ontology [[PROV-O]] specifications define how to represent provenance information in the World Wide Web.
- </p>
- <p>
- This note describes how standard web protocols may be used to locate, retrieve and query provenance information:
- <ul>
- <li>
- Simple mechanisms for retrieving and discovering provenance information are described in <a href="#accessing-provenance-information" class="sectionRef"></a> and <a href="#locating-provenance-information" class="sectionRef"></a> .
- </li>
- <li>
- More advanced discovery service and query mechanisms that may be used for more demanding deployments are described in <a href="#provenance-services" class="sectionRef"></a>, <a href="#querying-provenance-information" class="sectionRef"></a> and <a href="#incremental-provenance-retrieval" class="sectionRef"></a>.
- </li>
- </ul>
- </p>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Concepts</h2>
- <p>
- In defining the specification below, we make use of the following concepts.
- <dl>
- <dt><dfn>Provenance information</dfn></dt>
- <dd>refers to provenance represented in some fashion.</dd>
- <dt><dfn>Provenance-URI</dfn></dt>
- <dd>a URI denoting some <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a>.</dd>
- <dt><dfn>Constrained resource</dfn></dt>
- <dd>an aspect, version or instance of a <a class="internalDFN">resource</a>, about which one may wish to present some <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a>. For example, a weather report for a given date may be an aspect of a resource that is maintained as the current weather report. A constrained resource is itself a <a class="internalDFN">resource</a>, and may have it's own URI different from that of the original. See also [[PROV-DM]], and [[WEBARCH]] <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/#representation-reuse">section 2.3.2</a>.</dd>
- <dt><dfn>Target-URI</dfn></dt>
- <dd>a URI denoting a <a class="internalDFN">resource</a> (including any <a class="internalDFN">constrained resource</a>), which identifies that resource for the purpose of finding and expressing <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a> associated with it (see <a href="#provenance-entities-resources" class="sectionRef"></a> for discussion)</dd>
- <dt><dfn>Provenance service</dfn></dt>
- <dd>a service that provides <class="internalDFN">provenance information</a> given a <a class="internalDFN">target-URI</a>.</dd>
- <dt><dfn>Service-URI</dfn></dt>
- <dd>the URI of a <a class="internalDFN">provenance service</a>.</dd>
-<!--
- <dt><dfn>Resource</dfn></dt>
- <dd>also referred to as <dfn>resource on the Web</dfn>: a resource as described by the Architecture of the World Wide Web [[WEBARCH]], <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/#id-resources">section 2.2</a>. A resource may be associated with multiple instances or views (<a class="internalDFN">constrained resource</a>s) with differing provenance.</dd>
--->
- <dt><dfn>Resource</dfn></dt>
- <dd>a resource in the general sense of "whatever might be identified by a URI", as described by the Architecture of the World Wide Web [[WEBARCH]], <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/#id-resources">section 2.2</a>. A resource may be associated with multiple instances or views (<a class="internalDFN">constrained resource</a>s) with differing provenance.</dd>
- </dl>
- </p>
-
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <h2 id="provenance-entities-resources">Provenance and resources</h2>
- <p>
- Fundamentally, <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a> is <em>about</em> <a class="internalDFN">resource</a>s. In general, resources may vary over time and context. E.g., a resource describing the weather in London changes from day-to-day, or a listing of restaurants near you will vary depending on your location. Provenance information, to be useful, must be persistent and not itself dependent on context. Yet we may still want to make provenance assertions about dynamic or context-dependent resources (e.g. a weather forecast for London on a particular day may have been derived from a particular set of Meteorological Office data).
- </p>
- <p>
- Provenance descriptions of dynamic and context-dependent resources are possible through a notion of constrained resources. A <a class="internalDFN">constrained resource</a> is simply a resource (in the sense defined by [[WEBARCH]], <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/#id-resources">section 2.2</a>) that is a contextualized view or instance of some other resource. For example, a W3C specification typically undergoes several public revisions before it is finalized. A URI that refers to the "current" revision might be thought of as denoting the specification throughout its lifetime. Each individual revision would also have its own <a class="internalDFN">target-URI</a> denoting the specification at that particular stage in its development. Using these, we can make provenance assertions that a particular revision was published on a particular date, and was last modified by a particular editor. Target-URIs may use any URI scheme, and are not required to be dereferencable.
- </p>
- <p>
- Requests for provenance about a resource may return provenance information that uses one or more target-URIs to refer to versions of that resource. Some given provenance information may use multiple target-URIs if there are assertions referring to the same underlying resource in different contexts. For example, provenance information describing a W3C document might include information about all revisions of the document using statements that use the different target-URIs of the various revisions.
- </p>
- <p>
- In summary, <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a> may be not universally applicable to a <a class="internalDFN">resource</a>, but may be expressed with respect to that resource in a restricted context (e.g. at a particular time). This restriction is itself just another resource (e.g. the weather forecast for a give date as opposed to the current weather forecast), with its own URI for referring to it within provenance information.
- </p>
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Interpreting provenance information</h2>
- <p>
- Any given <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a> may contain information about several resources, referring to them using their various <a class="internalDFN">target-URI</a>s.
- Thus, when interpreting provenance information, it is important to be aware that statements about several resources may be present, and to be accordingly selective when using the information provided. (In some exceptional cases, it may be that the provenance information returned does not contain any information relating to a specific associated resource.)
- </p>
- <p>
- Provenance information is not of itself guaranteed to be authoritative or correct. Trust in provenance information must be determined separately from trust in the original resource. Just as in the web at large, it is a user's responsibility to determine an appropriate level of trust in any other resource; e.g. based on the domain that serves it, or an associated digital signature. (See also <a href="#security-considerations" class="sectionRef"></a>.)
- </p>
-
- </section>
-
- </section>
-
-<!-- == Sect 2 =================================================================================== -->
-
- <section>
- <h2>Accessing provenance information</h2>
- <p>
- Web applications may access <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a> in the same way as any resource on the Web, by dereferencing its URI. Thus, any provenance information may be associated with a <a class="internalDFN">provenance-URI</a>, and may be accessed by dereferencing that URI using web mechanisms.
- </p>
- <p>
- How much or how little provenance information is returned in response to a retrieval request is a matter for the provenance provider application.
- </p>
- <p>
- It may be useful to provide provenance information through a service interface. A REST protocol for provenance retrieval is defined in Section <a href="#provenance-services" class="sectionRef"></a>.
- </p>
- <p>
- When publishing provenance information, a corresponding <a class="internalDFN">provenance-URI</a> or <a class="internalDFN">service-URI</a> should be discoverable using one or more of the mechanisms described in <a href="#locating-provenance-information" class="sectionRef"></a>.
- </p>
- <p>
- Some alternative practices for accessing provenance information are discussed in <a href="#best-practice" class="sectionRef"></a>
- </p>
- </section>
-
-<!-- == Sect 3 =================================================================================== -->
-
- <section>
- <h2>Locating provenance information</h2>
- <p>
- When <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a> is a resource that can be accessed using web retrieval, one needs to know its <a class="internalDFN">provenance-URI</a> to dereference. If this is known in advance, there is nothing more to specify. If a provenance-URI is not known then a mechanism to discover one must be based on information that is available to the would-be accessor. Likewise, provenance information may be exposed by a service. In this case, the <a class="internalDFN">service-URI</a> needs to be known.
- </p>
- <p>Provenance information about a resource may be provided by several parties other than the provider of that resource, each using different locations, and each with different concerns. (It is possible that these different parties may provide contradictory provenance information.)
- </p>
- <p>
- Once provenance information about a resource is retrieved, one may also need to know how to locate information about that resource within the provenance information. This may be a <a class="internalDFN">constrained resource</a> identified by a separate <a class="internalDFN">target-URI</a>.
- </p>
- <p>
- We start by considering mechanisms for the resource provider to indicate a <a class="internalDFN">provenance-URI</a> or <a class="internalDFN">Service-URI</a> along with a <a class="internalDFN">target-URI</a>.
- Three mechanisms are described here:
- <ul>
- <li>The requester knows the resource URI <em>and</em> the resource is accessible using HTTP</li>
- <li>The requester has a copy of a resource represented as HTML or XHTML</li>
- <li>The requester has a copy of a resource represented as RDF (including the range of possible RDF syntaxes, such as HTML with embedded RDFa)</li>
- </ul>
- These particular cases are selected as corresponding to primary current web protocol and data formats. Finally, in <a href="#arbitrary-data" class="sectionRef"></a>, we discuss the case of a resource in an unspecified format which has been provided by some means other than HTTP.
- </p>
- <p>
- The mechanisms specified for use with HTTP and HTML are similar to those proposed by POWDER [[POWDER-DR]] (sections <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-powder-dr-20090901/#assoc-markup">4.1.1</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-powder-dr-20090901/#httplink">4.1.3</a>).
- </p>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Resource accessed by HTTP</h2>
- <p>
- For a resource accessible using HTTP, provenance information may be indicated using an HTTP <code>Link</code> header field, as defined by <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5988">Web Linking (RFC 5988)</a> [[LINK-REL]]. The <code>Link</code> header field is included in the HTTP response to a GET or HEAD operation (other HTTP operations are not excluded, but are not considered here).
- </p>
- <p>
- A <code>provenance</code> link relation type for referencing provenance information is registered according to the template in <a href="#iana-considerations" class="sectionRef"></a>, and may be used as shown:
- <pre class="pattern">Link: <cite>provenance-URI</cite>; rel="provenance"; anchor="<cite>target-URI</cite>"</pre>
- When used in conjunction with an HTTP success response code (<code>2xx</code>), this HTTP header field indicates that <code><cite>provenance-URI</cite></code> is the URI of some provenance information associated with the requested resource and that the associated resource is identified within the referenced provenance information as <code><cite>target-URI</cite></code>. (See also <a href="#interpreting-provenance-information" class="sectionRef"></a>.)
- </p>
- <p>
- If no <code>anchor</code> parameter is provided then the <code><cite>target-URI</cite></code> is assumed to be the URI of the resource, used in the corresponding HTTP request.
- </p>
- <p>
- At this time, the meaning of these links returned with other HTTP response codes is not defined: future revisions of this specification may define interpretations for these.
- </p>
- <p>
- An HTTP response MAY include multiple <code>provenance</code> link header fields, indicating a number of different provenance resources that are known to the responding server, each providing provenance information about the accessed resource.
- </p>
- <p>
- The presence of a <code>provenance</code> link in an HTTP response does not preclude the possibility that other publishers may offer provenance information about the same resource. In such cases, discovery of the additional provenance information must use other means (e.g. see <a href="#provenance-services" class="sectionRef"></a>).
- </p>
- <p>
- Provenance resources indicated in this way are not guaranteed to be authoritative. Trust in the linked provenance information must be determined separately from trust in the original resource. Just as in the web at large, it is a user's responsibility to determine an appropriate level of trust in any other linked resource; e.g. based on the domain that serves it, or an associated digital signature. (See also <a href="#security-considerations" class="sectionRef"></a>.)
- </p>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Specifying Provenance Services</h2>
- <p>
- The resource provider may indicate that provenance information about the resource is provided by a <a class="internalDFN">provenance service</a>. This is done through the use of a <code>provenance-service</code> link relation type following the same pattern as above:
- </p>
- <pre class="pattern">
-Link: <cite>provenance-service-URI</cite>; anchor="<cite>target-URI</cite>"; rel="provenance-service"</pre>
- <p>
- The <code>provenance-service</code> link identifies the <a class="internalDFN">service-URI</a>. Dereferencing this URI yields a service description that provides further information to enable a client to determine a <a class="internalDFN">provenance-URI</a> or retrieve <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a> for a <a class="internalDFN">resource</a>; see <a href="#provenance-services" class="sectionRef"></a> for more details.
- </p>
- <p>
- There may be multiple <code>provenance-service</code> link header fields, and these may appear in an HTTP response together with <code>provenance</code> link header fields (though, in simple cases, we anticipate that <code>provenance</code> and <code>provenance-service</code> link relations will not be used together).
- </p>
- </section>
-
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Resource represented as HTML</h2>
- <p>
- For a document presented as HTML or XHTML, without regard for how it has been obtained, provenance information may be associated with a resource by adding a <code><link></code> element to the HTML <code><head></code> section.
- Two new link relation types for referencing provenance information are registered according to the template in <a href="#iana-considerations" class="sectionRef"></a>, and may be used as shown:
- <pre class="pattern">
- <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
- <head>
- <link rel="provenance" href="<cite>provenance-URI</cite>">
- <link rel="anchor" href="<cite>target-URI</cite>">
- <title>Welcome to example.com</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- ...
- </body>
- </html></pre>
- </p>
- <p>
- The <code><cite>provenance-URI</cite></code> given by the <code>provenance</code> link element identifies the provenance-URI for the document.
- </p>
- <p>
- The <code><cite>target-URI</cite></code> given by the <code>anchor</code> link element specifies an identifier for the document that may be used within the provenance information when referring to the document.
- </p>
- <p>
- An HTML document header MAY include multiple <code>provenance</code> link elements, indicating a number of different provenance sources that are known to the creator of the document, each of which may provide provenance information about the document.
- </p>
-<!--
- <p>
- Likewise, the header MAY include multiple "anchor" link elements indicating that, e.g., different revisions of the document can be identified in the provenance information using the different <code><cite>resource-URIs</cite></code>.
- </p>
--->
- <p>
- If no "anchor" link element is provided then the <code><cite>target-URI</cite></code> is assumed to be the URI of the document. It is RECOMMENDED that this convention be used only when the document is static and has a stable URI that is reasonably expected to be available to anyone accessing the document (e.g. when delivered from a web server, or as part of a MIME structure containing content identifiers [[RFC2392]]).
- </p>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Specifying Provenance Services</h2>
- <p>
- The document creator may specify that the provenance information about the document is provided by a <a class="internalDFN">provenance service</a>. This is done through the use of a third link relation type following the same pattern as above:
- </p>
- <pre class="pattern">
- <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
- <head>
- <link rel="provenance-service" href="<cite>service-URI</cite>">
- <link rel="anchor" href="<cite>target-URI</cite>">
- <title>Welcome to example.com</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- ...
- </body>
- </html></pre>
- <p>
- The <code>provenance-service</code> link element identifies the <a class="internalDFN">service-URI</a>. Dereferencing this URI yields a service description that provides further information to enable a client to access <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a> for a <a class="internalDFN">resource</a>; see <a href="#provenance-services" class="sectionRef"></a> for more details.
- </p>
- <p>
- There MAY be multiple <code>provenance-service</code> link elements, and these MAY appear in the same document as <code>provenance</code> link elements (though, in simple cases, we anticipate that <code>provenance</code> and <code>provenance-service</code> link relations would not be used together).
- </p>
- </section>
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Resource represented as RDF</h2>
- <p>
- If a resource is represented as RDF (in any of its recognized syntaxes, including RDFa), it may contain references to its own provenance using additional RDF statements. For this purpose three new RDF properties, <code>prov:hasProvenance</code>, <code>prov:hasAnchor</code>, and <code>prov:hasProvenanceService</code>, are defined as follows.
- (These terms may be used to indicate provenance of other resources too, but discussion of such usage is beyond the scope of this section.)
- </p>
- <p>
- The RDF property <code>prov:hasProvenance</code> is defined as a relation between two resources, where the object of the property is a resource that provides provenance information about the subject resource. Multiple <code>prov:hasProvenance</code> assertions may be made about a subject resource. This property corresponds to a <a href="#registration-template-for-link-relation---provenance">provenance link relation</a> used with an HTTP <code>Link</code> header field, or HTML <code><link></code> element.
- </p>
- <p>
- Property <code>prov:hasAnchor</code> specifies a <a class="internalDFN">target-URI</a> used in the provenance information to refer to the containing RDF document.
- This corresponds to use of the <code>anchor</code> parameter in an HTTP provenance <code>Link</code> header field, or an <a href="#registration-template-for-link-relation---anchor">anchor link relation</a> in an HTML <code><link></code> element, which similarly indicate a URI used by the provenance information to refer to the described document.
- </p>
- <p>
- Property <code>prov:hasProvenanceService</code> specifies a <a class="internalDFN">service-URI</a> associated with the RDF document for possible access to provenance information. This property corresponds to a <a href="#registration-template-for-link-relation---provenance-service">provenance-service link relation</a> used with an HTTP <code>Link</code> header field, or HTML <code><link></code> element.
- </p>
- <pre class="example code">
- @prefix prov: <<provns/>>
-
- <> dcterms:title "Welcome to example.com" ;
- prov:hasAnchor <http://example.com/data/resource.rdf> ;
- prov:hasProvenance <http://example.com/provenance/resource.rdf> ;
- prov:hasProvenanceService <http://example.com/provenance-service/> .
- :
- (RDF data)
- :
- </pre>
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Arbitrary data</h2>
- <p>
- If a resource is represented using a data format other than HTML or RDF, and no URI for the resource is known, provenance discovery becomes trickier to achieve. This specification does not define a specific mechanism for such arbitrary resources, but this section discusses some of the options that might be considered.
- </p>
- <p>
- For formats which have provision for including metadata within the file (e.g. JPEG images, PDF documents, etc.), use the format-specific metadata to include a <a class="internalDFN">target-URI</a>, <a class="internalDFN">provenance-URI</a> and/or <a class="internalDFN">service-URI</a>. Format-specific metadata provision might also be used to include <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a> directly in the resource.
- </p>
- <p>
- Use a generic packaging format that can combine an arbitrary data file with a separate metadata file in a known format, such as RDF. At this time, it is not clear what format that should be, but some possible candidates are:
- <ul>
- <li>MIME multipart/related [[RFC2387]]: both email and HTTP are based on MIME or MIME-derivatives, so this has the advantage of working well with the network transfer mechanisms discussed in the motivating scenarios considered.
- </li>
- <li>
- Composite object-packaging work from the digital library community, of which there are several (e.g., <a href="http://www.openarchives.org/ore/">ORE</a>, <a href="http://www.loc.gov/standards/mets/">METS</a>, <a href="http://xml.coverpages.org/mpeg21-didl.html">MPEG-21 DIDL</a>, <a href="https://wiki.ucop.edu/display/Curation/BagIt">BagIt</a>) to name a handful.
- </li>
- <li>
- Packaging formats along the lines of those used for shipping Java web applications (basically, a ZIP file with a manifest and some imposed structure)
- </li>
- <li>
- Ongoing work in the research community (e.g. <a href="http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/21587/">Why Linked Data is Not Enough for Scientists</a>, <a href="http://idpf.org/epub/30/spec/epub30-overview.html">ePub</a>, etc.) to encapsulate data, code, annotations and metadata into a common exchangeable format.
- </li>
- </ul>
- </p>
- </section>
-
- </section>
-
-<!-- == Sect 4 =================================================================================== -->
-
- <section>
- <h2>Provenance services</h2>
- <p>
- This section describes a REST-based protocol [[REST]] for provenance services with facilities for the retrieval of provenance information. The protocol specifies HTTP operations for retrieval of provenance information from a provenance service. It follows the approach of the SPARQL Graph Store HTTP Protocol [[SPARQL-HTTP]].
- </p>
- <p>The introduction of this protocol is motivated by the following possible considerations:
- <ul>
- <li>the naming authority associated with the <a class="internalDFN">target-URI</a> is not the same as the service offering provenance information</li>
- <li>multiple services have <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a> about the same resource</li>
- <li>the service associated with the target-URI is not accessible for adding additional information when handling retrieval requests</li>
- <li>there is no dereferencable <a class="internalDFN">provenance-URI</a> containing provenance information for a particular resource</li>
- <li>provenance services may provide additional extensibility points for control over returned provenance information.</li>
- </ul>
- </p>
-
- <section>
- <h2>HTTP GET</h2>
- <p>This protocol combines the <a class="internalDFN">target-URI</a> with the <a class="internalDFN">service-URI</a> to formulate an HTTP GET request, according to the following convention:
- <pre class="pattern">
- GET /provenance/service?<b>target</b>=http://www.example.com/entity HTTP/1.1
- Host: example.com</pre>
- </p>
- <p>The embedded target-URI (<code>http://www.example.com/entity</code>) identifies the resource for which provenance information is to be returned. Any server that implements this protocol and receives a request URI in this form SHOULD return provenance information for the resource-URI embedded in the query component where that URI is the result of percent-decoding the value associated with the provenance-resource key. The embedded URI MUST be an absolute URI and the server MUST respond with a 400 Bad Request if it is not. If the supplied resource-URI includes a fragment identifier, the '#' MUST be %-encoded as <code>%23</code> when constructing the provenance-URI value; similarly, any '&' character in the resource-URI must be %-encoded as <code>%26</code>.
- </p>
- <p>If the provenance information identified in the request does not exist in the server, a 404 Not Found response code SHOULD be returned.
- </p>
- <p>The format of returned provenance information is not defined here, but may be established through content type negotiation using <code>Accept:</code> header fields in the HTTP request. A provenance service SHOULD be capable of returning RDF using the vocabulary defined by [[PROV-O]], in any standard RDF serialization (e.g. RDF/XML), or any other standard serialization of the Provenance Model specification [[PROV-DM]]. Services MUST identify the <code>Content-Type</code> of the information returned.
- </p>
- </section>
-
- <!-- <section class="informative"> -->
- <section>
- <h2>Provenance service discovery</h2>
- <p>
- This specification does not define any specific mechanism for discovering provenance services. Applications may use any appropriate mechanism, including but not limited to: prior configuration, search engines, service registries, etc.
- </p>
- <p>
- To facilitate service discovery, we recommend that RDF publication of service descriptions uses the provenance service type <code><provns/>ProvenanceService</code>, defined by the provenance ontology [[PROV-O]].
- The RDF service description example below in <a href="#provenance-service-description" class="sectionRef"></a> shows this use.
- </p>
- <p class="TODO">
- @@TODO: sync up term definitions with provenance ontology specification.
- </p>
- </section>
-
- <!-- <section class="informative"> -->
- <section>
- <h2>Provenance service description</h2>
- <!--<p>The provenance service interface as described above violates REST constraints by requiring the client to know about the structure of URIs offered by the service (see [[REST-APIs]], 4th bullet point). The provenance service description mitigates this coupling by providing a mechanism for discovering the URI format to be used, starting with just the service URI.
- %</p> -->
- <p>Dereferencing a provenance service URI should yield a provenance service description. This is to be compatible with the constraints of [[REST-APIs]]. The provenance service description should be available as RDF (in any of its common serializations, and determined through HTTP content negotiation), and it should contain RDF statements of the form:
- </p>
- <pre class="pattern">
- <<cite>service-URI</cite>> a prov:ProvenanceService ;
- prov:provenanceUriTemplate "<cite>service-URI</cite>?target={+uri}" .</pre>
- <p>where <cite><code>service-URI</code></cite> is the URI of the provenance service. Note that the object of the <code>prov:provenanceUriTemplate</code> statement is a literal text value, not a URI.
- </p>
- <p>A client may retrieve this service description and extract the associated value for <code>prov:provenance-URI-template</code>. This value is a string containing a URI template [[URI-template]] (level 2). A URI for the desired provenance information is obtained by expanding the URI template with the variable <code>uri</code> set to the resource-URI for which provenance is required. If the target-URI contains '#' or '&' these must be %-escaped as <code>%23</code> or <code>%26</code> respectively before template expansion.
- </p>
- <p class="TODO">
- @@TODO: sync up term definitions with provenance ontology specification.
- </p>
- </section>
-
- </section>
-
-<!-- == Sect 5 =================================================================================== -->
-
- <section>
- <h2>Best practice</h2>
-
- <section id="querying-provenance-information">
- <h2>Using SPARQL for provenance queries</h2>
- <p>
- Simply identifying and retrieving provenance information as a resource on the Web may not always meet the requirements of a particular application or service, e.g.:
- <ul>
- <li>the resource for which provenance information is required is not identified by a known URI</li>
- <li>the provenance information for a resource is not directly identified by a known URI</li>
- <li>a requirement to access provenance information for a number of distinct but related resources in a single atomic operation</li>
- <li><i>etc.</i></li>
- </ul>
- </p>
- <p>
- A provenance query service provides an alternative way to access provenance information and/or provenance-URIs. An application will need a URI for the provenance query service, and some relevant information about the resource whose provenance is to be accessed.
- </p>
- <p>
- The details of a provenance query service is an implementation choice, but for interoperability between different providers and users we recommend use of SPARQL [[RDF-SPARQL-PROTOCOL]] [[RDF-SPARQL-QUERY]].
- The query service URI would then be the URI of a <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-protocol/#conformant-sparql-protocol-service">SPARQL protocol service</a>
-(often referred to as a "SPARQL endpoint").
- The following subsections provide examples for what are considered to be some plausible common scenarios for using SPARQL, and are not intended to cover all possibilities.
- </p>
- <p>
- A SPARQL protocol service description may be published using the <cite>SPARQL 1.1 Service Description</cite> vocabulary [[SPARQL-SD]].
- </p>
- <p>
- The following subsections illustrate use cases for querying a SPARQL-based provenance query service.
- </p>
- <section>
- <h2>Find a provenance-URI given a target-URI</h2>
- <p>
- If the requester has a <a class="internalDFN">target-URI</a>, a simple SPARQL query may be used to return the corresponding <a class="internalDFN">provenance-URI</a>. E.g., if the original resource has a target-URI <code>http://example.org/resource</code>:
- <pre class="example code">
- @prefix prov: <<provns/>>
- SELECT ?provenance_uri WHERE
- {
- <http://example.org/resource> prov:hasProvenance ?provenance_uri
- }
- </pre>
- </p>
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Find Provenance-URI given identifying information about a resource</h2>
- <p>
- If the requester has identifying information that is not the URI of the original resource, then they will need to construct a more elaborate query to locate a resource description and obtain its provenance-URI(s). The nature of identifying information that can be used in this way will depend upon the third party service used, further definition of which is out of scope for this specification. For example, a query for a document identified by a DOI, say <code>1234.5678</code>, using the PRISM vocabulary [[PRISM]] recommended by FaBio [[FABIO]], might look like this:
- <pre class="example code">
- @prefix prov: <<provns/>>
- @prefix prism: <http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/>
- SELECT ?provenance_uri WHERE
- {
- [ prism:doi "1234.5678" ] prov:hasProvenance ?provenance_uri
- }
- </pre>
- </p>
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Obtain provenance information directly given a target-URI</h2>
- <p>
- This scenario retrieves provenance information directly given the URI of a resource, and may be useful where the provenance information has not been assigned a specific URI, or when the calling application is interested only in specific elements of provenance information.
- </p>
- <p>
- If the original resource has a URI <code>http://example.org/resource</code>, a SPARQL query for provenance information might look like this:
- <pre class="example code">
- @prefix prov: <<provns/>>
- SELECT ?generationStartTime WHERE {
- <http://example.org/resource> prov:wasGeneratedBy ?activity .
- ?activity prov:startedAtTime ?generationStartTime .
- }
- </pre>
- </p>
- <p>
- This query extracts a "generation start time" for an artifact by following links to the start time of the activity which generated it.
- </p>
- </section>
-
- </section>
-
- <!-- == Sect 5.2 ===================================================================================== -->
-
- <section id="incremental-provenance-retrieval">
- <h2>Incremental Provenance Retrieval</h2>
- <p><a class="internalDFN">Provenance information</a> may be large. While this specification does not define how to implement scalable provenance systems, it does allow for publishers to make available provenance in an incremental fashion. We now discuss two possibilities for incremental provenance retrieval.
- </p>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Via Web Retrieval</h2>
- <p>Publishers are not required to publish all the provenance information associated with a given resource at a particular <a class="internalDFN">provenance-URI</a>. The amount of provenance information exposed is application dependent. However, it is possible to incrementally retrieve (i.e. walk the provenance graph) by progressively looking up provenance information using HTTP. The pattern is as follows:
- <ol>
- <li>For a given resource (<code>resource-URI</code>) retrieve it's associated <code>provenance-URI-1</code> and its associated <code>target-URI-1</code> using a returned HTTP <code>Link:</code> header field (<a href="#resource-accessed-by-http" class="sectionRef"></a>)</li>
- <li>Dereference <code>provenance-URI-1</code></li>
- <li>Navigate the provenance information</li>
- <li>When reaching a dead-end during navigation, that is on encountering a reference to a resource (<code>target-URI-2</code>) with no provided provenance information, find its provenance-URI and continue from Step 2. (Note: an HTTP HEAD request for <code>target-URI-2</code> may be used to obtain the <code>Link:</code> headers without retrieving the resource representation.)</li>
- </ol>
- </p>
- <p>To reduce the overhead of multiple HTTP requests, a provenance information publishers are encouraged to link entities to their associated provenance information using the <code>prov:hasProvenance</code> predicate. Thus, the same pattern above applies, except instead of having to retrieve a new <code>Link</code> header field, one can immediately access the resource's associated provenance.
- </p>
- <p>The same approach can be adopted when using the <a class="internalDFN">provenance service</a> API (<a href="#provenance-services" class="sectionRef"></a>). However, instead of performing an HTTP HEAD or GET against a resource one queries the provenance service using the given <a class="internalDFN">target-URI</a>.
- </p>
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Via SPARQL Queries</h2>
- <p>Provenance information may be made available using a SPARQL endpoint (<a href="#querying-provenance-information" class="sectionRef"></a>) [[RDF-SPARQL-PROTOCOL]] [[RDF-SPARQL-QUERY]]. Using SPARQL queries, provenance can be selectively retrieved using combinations of filters and or path queries.
- </p>
- </section>
-
- </section>
-
- </section>
-
-<!-- ==== Section 6 ===================================================================================== -->
-
- <section>
- <h2>IANA considerations</h2>
- <p>This document requests registration of new link relations, per <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5988#section-6.2.1">section-6.2.1 of RFC 5988</a>.
- </p>
- <p class="TODO">
- @@TODO The following templates should be completed and submitted to link-relations@ietf.org:
- </p>
- <section>
- <h2>Registration template for link relation: "provenance"</h2>
- <p>
- <dl>
- <dt>Relation Name:</dt>
- <dd>
- <code>provenance</code>
- </dd>
- <dt>Description:</dt>
- <dd>
- the resource identified by target IRI of the link provides provenance information about the resource identified by the context link
- </dd>
- <dt>Reference:</dt>
- <dd>
- @@this spec, @@provenance-model-spec
- </dd>
- <dt>Notes:</dt>
- <dd>
- ...
- </dd>
- <dt>Application Data:</dt>
- <dd>
- ...
- </dd>
- </dl>
- </p>
- </section>
- <section>
- <h2>Registration template for link relation: "anchor"</h2>
- <p>
- <dl>
- <dt>Relation Name:</dt>
- <dd>
- <code>anchor</code>
- </dd>
- <dt>Description:</dt>
- <dd>
- when used in conjunction with a "provenance" link, the resource identified by target IRI of the link is one for which provenance information may be provided. This may be used, for example, to isolate relevant information from a referenced document that contains provenance information for several entities.
- </dd>
- <dt>Reference:</dt>
- <dd>
- @@this spec, @@provenance-model-spec
- </dd>
- <dt>Notes:</dt>
- <dd>
- ...
- </dd>
- <dt>Application Data:</dt>
- <dd>
- ...
- </dd>
- </dl>
- </p>
- </section>
- <section>
- <h2>Registration template for link relation: "provenance-service"</h2>
- <p>
- <dl>
- <dt>Relation Name:</dt>
- <dd>
- <code>provenance-service</code>
- </dd>
- <dt>Description:</dt>
- <dd>
- the resource identified by target URI of the link is an provenance service per <a href="#provenance-services" class="sectionRef"></a> of this specification.
- </dd>
- <dt>Reference:</dt>
- <dd>
- @@this spec, @@provenance-model-spec
- </dd>
- <dt>Notes:</dt>
- <dd>
- ...
- </dd>
- <dt>Application Data:</dt>
- <dd>
- ...
- </dd>
- </dl>
- </p>
- </section>
- </section>
-
-<!-- ==== Section 7 ===================================================================================== -->
-
- <section>
- <h2>Security considerations</h2>
- <p>
- Provenance is central to establishing trust in data. If provenance information is corrupted, it may lead agents (human or software) to draw inappropriate and possibly harmful conclusions. Therefore, care is needed to ensure that the integrity of provenance information is maintained.
- </p>
- <p>
- Secure HTTP (https) SHOULD be used across unsecured networks when accessing provenance information that may be used as a basis for trust decisions, or to obtain a provenance URI for same.
- </p>
- <p>
- When retrieving a provenance URI from a document, steps SHOULD be taken to ensure the document itself is an accurate copy of the original whose author is being trusted (e.g. signature checking, or verifying its checksum against an author-provided secure web service).
- </p>
- <p class="TODO">
- @@TODO ... privacy, access control to provenance (note to self: discussed in Edinburgh linked data provenance workshop). In particular, note that the fact that a resource is openly accessible does not mean that its provenance information should also be.
- </p>
- <p class="TODO">
- @@TODO Expand on trust-in-provenance issues. Suggested by Curt: Just as provenance information can help determine trust of the information content of a resource, provenance information related to the provenance itself ("provenance of provenance") can help determine trust of the provenance.
- </p>
- </section>
-
-<!-- ===================================================================================== -->
-
- <section class='appendix'>
- <h2>Acknowledgements</h2>
- <p>
- The editors acknowledge the contribution and review from members of the provenance working group.
- </p>
- <p>
- Many thanks to Robin Berjon for making our lives so much easier with his cool <a href="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/documentation.html">ReSpec</a> tool.
- </p>
- </section>
-
-<!-- ===================================================================================== -->
-
- <section class='appendix'>
- <h2>Names added to prov: namespace</h2>
- <p>
- This specification defines the following additional names in the provenance namespace.
- </p>
- <p>
- The provenance namespace URI is <provns/>.
- </p>
- <p>
- <table>
- <tr>
- <th>name</th><th>Description</th><th>Definition ref</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>ProvenanceService</td><td>Class for a service described by a provenance service description</td><td>...</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>hasAnchor</td><td>Indicates anchor URI for a potentially dynamic resource instance</td><td>...</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>hasProvenance</td><td>Relates a resource to its provenance</td><td>...</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>hasProvenanceService</td><td>Relates a resource to a provenance service</td><td>...</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>provenanceUriTemplate</td><td>Relates a provenance service to a URI template string for constructing provenance-URIs</td><td>...</td>
- </tr>
- </table>
- </p>
- </section>
-
-
-<!-- ===================================================================================== -->
-
- <!--
-<section class='appendix'>
- <h2>Provenance service format examples</h2>
- <p>
- In <a href="#provenance-services" class="sectionRef"></a>, the provenance service description was represented as a JSON-formatted document. As noted, HTTP content negotiation MAY be enabled to retrieve the document in alternative formats. This appendix provides examples of service description document represented using RDF Turtle and XML syntaxes, and XML.
- </p>
-
- <section>
- <h2>RDF Turtle example of service description</h2>
- <p>
- This example uses the RDF Turtle format [[TURTLE]], presented as MIME content-type <code>text/turtle</code>.
- </p>
- <pre class="example code">
- @prefix provds: <@@TBD@@#> .
- @prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o/> .
-
- <http://example.org/provenance_service/> a prov:ProvenanceService ;
- provds:provenance_locations_template "http://example.org/provenance_service/locations/?uri={uri}" ;
- provds:provenance_content_template "http://example.org/provenance_service/provenance/?uri={uri}"
- .
- </pre>
- <p class="note">
- The provenance URI templates are encoded in RDF as plain string literals, <em>not</em> as resource URIs.
- </p>
- <p class="TODO">
- Finalize URIs in the above example.
- </p>
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <h2>RDF/XML example of service description</h2>
- <p>This is essentially the same as the Turtle example above, but encoded in RDF/XML [[RDF-SYNTAX-GRAMMAR]], and presented as MIME content-type <code>application/xml+rdf</code>.</p>
- <pre class="example code">
- <rdf:RDF
- xmlns:rdf = "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
- xmlns:rdfs = "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
- xmlns:provds = "@@TBD@@#"
- xmlns:prov = "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o/"
- >
- <prov:ProvenanceService rdf:about="http://example.org/provenance_service/">
- example.org <provds:provenance_locations_template>http://example.org/provenance_service/locations/?uri={uri}</provds:location_template> ;
- <provds:provenance_content_template>http://example.org/provenance_service/provenance/?uri={uri}</provds:provenance_template> ;
- </prov:ProvenanceService>
- </rdf:RDF>
- </pre>
- <p class="TODO">
- Finalize URIs in the above example.
- </p>
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Plain XML example of service description</h2>
- <p class="TODO">
- @@TODO: provide example and schema
- </p>
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <h2>RDF Turtle example of provenance locations</h2>
- <p>
- This example uses the RDF Turtle format [[TURTLE]], presented as MIME content type <code>text/turtle</code>.
- </p>
- <pre class="example code">
- @prefix prov: <@@TBD@@#> .
- <http://example.org/qdata/> a prov:Entity ;
- prov:hasProvenance <http://source1.example.org/provenance/qdata/> ;
- prov:hasProvenance <http://source2.example.org/prov/qdata/> ;
- prov:hasProvenance <http://source3.example.com/prov?id=qdata>
- .
- </pre>
- <p class="issue">
- NOTE: The namespace URI used here for the provenance properties is different from that used in the service description. I am anticipating that it will be defined as part of the provenance model. If it is not defined as part of the provenance model, then a property name should be allocated in the provenance discovery service namespace.
- </p>
- <p class="TODO">@@TODO: revise to conform with Provenance Model vocabulary; review URIs</p>
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <h2>RDF/XML example of provenance locations</h2>
- <p>
- This is essentially the same as the Turtle example above, but encoded in RDF/XML [[RDF-SYNTAX-GRAMMAR]], and presented with MIME content type <code>application/rdf+xml</code>.
- </p>
- <pre class="example code">
- <rdf:RDF
- xmlns:rdf = "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
- xmlns:rdfs = "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
- xmlns:prov = "@@TBD@@#"
- >
- <prov:Entity rdf:about="http://example.org/qdata/">
- <prov:hasProvenance rdf:resource="http://source1.example.org/provenance/qdata/" /> ;
- <prov:hasProvenance rdf:resource="http://source2.example.org/prov/qdata/" /> ;
- <prov:hasProvenance rdf:resource="http://source3.example.com/prov?id=qdata" /> ;
- </prov:Entity>
- </rdf:RDF>
- </pre>
- <p class="TODO">@@TODO: revise to conform with Provenance Model vocabulary</p>
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <h2>Plain XML example of provenance locations</h2>
- <p class="TODO">
- @@TODO: provide example and schema
- </p>
- </section>
-
- </section>
- -->
-
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-
- </body>
-</html>
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