--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/spec/WD/json-ld-api/20130404/diff-20120712.html Wed Mar 27 10:45:36 2013 -0400
@@ -0,0 +1,39974 @@
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+</style>
+</head>
+
+
+<body>
+<div class="head">
+<p>
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/">
+<img width="72" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" alt="W3C" />
+</a>
+</p>
+<h1 class="title" id="title">
+JSON-LD
+<del class="diff-old">API
+</del>
+1.0
+<ins class="diff-new">Processing
+Algorithms
+and
+API
+</ins>
+</h1>
+<del class="diff-old">An
+Application
+Programming
+Interface
+for
+the
+JSON-LD
+Syntax
+</del>
+<h2 id="w3c-working-draft-04-april-2013">
+<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">
+W3C
+</abbr>
+Working
+Draft
+<del class="diff-old">12
+July
+2012
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">04
+April
+2013
+</ins>
+</h2>
+<dl>
+<dt>
+This
+version:
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<del class="diff-old">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-json-ld-api-20120712/
+</del>
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-json-ld-api-20130404/">
+<ins class="diff-chg">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-json-ld-api-20130404/
+</ins>
+</a>
+</dd>
+<dt>
+Latest
+published
+version:
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld-api/">
+http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld-api/
+</a>
+</dd>
+<dt>
+Latest
+editor's
+draft:
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<del class="diff-old">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/json-ld/raw-file/default/spec/latest/json-ld-api/index.html
+</del>
+<a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/json-ld/raw-file/spec/latest/json-ld-api/index.html">
+<ins class="diff-chg">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/json-ld/raw-file/spec/latest/json-ld-api/index.html
+</ins></a></dd><dt><ins class="diff-chg">
+Test
+suite:
+</ins></dt><dd><a href="http://json-ld.org/test-suite/"><ins class="diff-chg">
+http://json-ld.org/test-suite/
+</ins></a></dd><dt><ins class="diff-chg">
+Previous
+version:
+</ins></dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-json-ld-api-20120712/"><ins class="diff-chg">
+http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-json-ld-api-20120712/
+</ins>
+</a>
+</dd>
+<dt>
+Editors:
+</dt>
+<dd rel="bibo:editor" inlist="">
+<span typeof="foaf:Person">
+<del class="diff-old">Manu
+Sporny
+</del>
+<a rel="foaf:homepage" property="foaf:name" content="Markus Lanthaler" href="http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/">
+<ins class="diff-chg">Markus
+Lanthaler
+</ins>
+</a>,
+<del class="diff-old">Digital
+Bazaar
+</del>
+<a rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage" href="http://www.tugraz.at/">
+<ins class="diff-chg">Graz
+University
+of
+Technology
+</ins>
+</a>
+</span>
+</dd>
+<dd rel="bibo:editor" inlist="">
+<span typeof="foaf:Person">
+<a rel="foaf:homepage" property="foaf:name" content="Gregg Kellogg" href="http://greggkellogg.net/">
+Gregg
+Kellogg
+</a>,
+<a rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage" href="http://kellogg-assoc.com/">
+Kellogg
+Associates
+</a>
+</span>
+</dd>
+<dd rel="bibo:editor" inlist="">
+<span typeof="foaf:Person">
+<del class="diff-old">Dave
+Longley
+</del>
+<a rel="foaf:homepage" property="foaf:name" content="Manu Sporny" href="http://manu.sporny.org/">
+<ins class="diff-chg">Manu
+Sporny
+</ins>
+</a>,
+<a rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage" href="http://digitalbazaar.com/">
+Digital
+Bazaar
+</a>
+</span>
+</dd>
+<del class="diff-old">Markus
+Lanthaler
+,
+Graz
+University
+of
+Technology
+</del>
+<dt>
+Authors:
+</dt>
+<dd rel="dcterms:contributor">
+<span typeof="foaf:Person">
+<a rel="foaf:homepage" property="foaf:name" content="Dave Longley" href="http://digitalbazaar.com/">
+Dave
+Longley
+</a>,
+<a rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage" href="http://digitalbazaar.com/">
+Digital
+Bazaar
+</a>
+</span>
+</dd>
+<dd rel="dcterms:contributor">
+<span typeof="foaf:Person">
+<del class="diff-old">Manu
+Sporny
+,
+Digital
+Bazaar
+</del>
+<a rel="foaf:homepage" property="foaf:name" content="Gregg Kellogg" href="http://greggkellogg.net/">
+Gregg
+Kellogg
+</a>,
+<a rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage" href="http://kellogg-assoc.com/">
+Kellogg
+Associates
+</a>
+</span>
+</dd>
+<dd rel="dcterms:contributor">
+<span typeof="foaf:Person">
+<a rel="foaf:homepage" property="foaf:name" content="Markus Lanthaler" href="http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/">
+Markus
+Lanthaler
+</a>,
+<a rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage" href="http://www.tugraz.at/">
+Graz
+University
+of
+Technology
+</a>
+</span>
+</dd>
+<dd rel="dcterms:contributor">
+<span typeof="foaf:Person">
+<a rel="foaf:homepage" property="foaf:name" content="Manu Sporny" href="http://digitalbazaar.com/">
+<ins class="diff-new">Manu
+Sporny
+</ins></a>,<a rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage" href="http://digitalbazaar.com/"><ins class="diff-new">
+Digital
+Bazaar
+</ins></a></span></dd>
+</dl>
+<p>
+This
+document
+is
+also
+available
+in
+this
+non-normative
+format:
+<a rel="alternate" href="diff-20120712.html">
+diff
+to
+previous
+version
+</a>
+</p>
+<p class="copyright">
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">
+Copyright
+</a>
+©
+<del class="diff-old">2010-2012
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">2010-2013
+</ins>
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/">
+<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">
+W3C
+</abbr>
+</a>
+<sup>
+®
+</sup>
+(
+<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/">
+<abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">
+MIT
+</abbr>
+</a>,
+<a href="http://www.ercim.eu/">
+<abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">
+ERCIM
+</abbr>
+</a>,
+<a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">
+Keio
+</a>,
+<a href="http://ev.buaa.edu.cn/">
+<ins class="diff-new">Beihang
+</ins>
+</a>
+),
+All
+Rights
+Reserved.
+<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">
+W3C
+</abbr>
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">
+liability
+</a>,
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">
+trademark
+</a>
+and
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">
+document
+use
+</a>
+rules
+apply.
+</p>
+<hr />
+</div>
+<section id="abstract" class="introductory" property="dcterms:abstract" datatype="" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#abstract" rel="bibo:chapter">
+<h2>
+Abstract
+</h2>
+<p>
+JSON
+[
+<cite>
+<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC4627">
+RFC4627
+</a>
+</cite>
+]
+has
+proven
+to
+be
+a
+highly
+useful
+object
+serialization
+and
+messaging
+format.
+JSON-LD
+[
+<cite>
+<a class="bibref" href="#bib-JSON-LD">
+JSON-LD
+</a>
+</cite>
+]
+harmonizes
+the
+representation
+of
+Linked
+Data
+in
+JSON
+by
+outlining
+a
+common
+JSON
+representation
+format
+for
+expressing
+directed
+<del class="diff-old">graphs;
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">graphs,
+</ins>
+mixing
+both
+Linked
+Data
+and
+non-Linked
+Data
+in
+a
+single
+document.
+This
+document
+outlines
+an
+Application
+Programming
+Interface
+and
+a
+set
+of
+algorithms
+for
+programmatically
+transforming
+JSON-LD
+documents
+<del class="diff-old">in
+order
+</del>
+to
+make
+them
+easier
+to
+work
+with
+in
+programming
+environments
+like
+<ins class="diff-new">those
+that
+use
+</ins>
+JavaScript,
+Python,
+and
+Ruby.
+</p>
+</section>
+<section id="sotd" class="introductory" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#sotd" rel="bibo:chapter">
+<h2>
+Status
+of
+This
+Document
+</h2>
+<p>
+<em>
+This
+section
+describes
+the
+status
+of
+this
+document
+at
+the
+time
+of
+its
+publication.
+Other
+documents
+may
+supersede
+this
+document.
+A
+list
+of
+current
+<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">
+W3C
+</abbr>
+publications
+and
+the
+latest
+revision
+of
+this
+technical
+report
+can
+be
+found
+in
+the
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/">
+<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">
+W3C
+</abbr>
+technical
+reports
+index
+</a>
+at
+http://www.w3.org/TR/.
+</em>
+</p>
+<p>
+This
+document
+has
+been
+under
+development
+for
+over
+<del class="diff-old">18
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">25
+</ins>
+months
+in
+the
+JSON
+for
+Linking
+Data
+Community
+Group.
+The
+document
+has
+recently
+been
+transferred
+to
+the
+RDF
+Working
+Group
+for
+review,
+improvement,
+and
+publication
+along
+the
+Recommendation
+track.
+<del class="diff-old">While
+this
+is
+a
+First
+Public
+Working
+Draft
+publication,
+the
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+</ins>
+specification
+has
+undergone
+significant
+development,
+review,
+and
+changes
+during
+the
+course
+of
+the
+last
+<del class="diff-old">18
+months
+and
+is
+more
+mature
+than
+the
+First
+Public
+Working
+Draft
+status
+implies.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">25
+months.
+</ins>
+</p>
+<p>
+There
+are
+<del class="diff-old">currently
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">several
+independent
+</ins>
+<a href="http://json-ld.org/#impl">
+<del class="diff-old">five
+</del>
+interoperable
+implementations
+</a>
+of
+this
+specification.
+There
+is
+a
+<a href="https://github.com/json-ld/json-ld.org/tree/master/test-suite">
+fairly
+complete
+test
+suite
+</a>
+and
+a
+<a href="http://json-ld.org/playground/">
+live
+JSON-LD
+editor
+</a>
+that
+is
+capable
+of
+demonstrating
+the
+features
+described
+in
+this
+document.
+While
+<ins class="diff-new">there
+will
+be
+continuous
+</ins>
+development
+on
+implementations,
+the
+test
+<del class="diff-old">suite
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">suite,
+</ins>
+and
+the
+live
+<del class="diff-old">editor
+will
+continue,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">editor,
+</ins>
+they
+are
+believed
+to
+be
+mature
+enough
+to
+be
+integrated
+into
+a
+non-production
+system
+at
+this
+point
+in
+<del class="diff-old">time
+with
+the
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">time.
+There
+is
+an
+</ins>
+expectation
+that
+they
+could
+be
+used
+in
+a
+production
+system
+within
+the
+<del class="diff-old">next
+</del>
+year.
+</p>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">There
+are
+a
+number
+of
+ways
+that
+one
+may
+participate
+in
+the
+development
+of
+this
+specification:
+</ins></p><ul><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+you
+want
+to
+make
+sure
+that
+your
+feedback
+is
+formally
+addressed
+by
+the
+RDF
+Working
+Group,
+you
+should
+send
+it
+to
+public-rdf-comments:
+</ins><a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-rdf-comments/"><ins class="diff-chg">
+public-rdf-comments@w3.org
+</ins></a>
+<del class="diff-old">Issue
+1
+</del>
+</li>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Ad-hoc
+technical
+discussion
+primarily
+occurs
+on
+the
+public
+community
+mailing
+list:
+</ins><a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-linked-json/"><ins class="diff-chg">
+public-linked-json@w3.org
+</ins></a>
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">It
+</del>
+<a href="http://json-ld.org/minutes/">
+<ins class="diff-chg">Public
+JSON-LD
+Community
+Group
+teleconferences
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+are
+held
+on
+Tuesdays
+at
+1500UTC
+every
+week.
+Participation
+</ins>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">important
+for
+readers
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">open
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">understand
+that
+</del>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">scope
+of
+this
+document
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">public.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+RDF
+Working
+Group
+teleconferences
+are
+held
+on
+Wednesdays
+at
+1500UTC
+every
+week.
+Participation
+</ins>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">currently
+under
+debate
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">limited
+to
+RDF
+Working
+Group
+members.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Specification
+bugs
+</ins>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">new
+features
+may
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">issues
+should
+</ins>
+be
+<del class="diff-old">added
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">reported
+in
+the
+</ins><a href="https://github.com/json-ld/json-ld.org/issues"><ins class="diff-chg">
+issue
+tracker
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+if
+you
+do
+not
+want
+to
+send
+an
+email
+</ins>
+to
+the
+<del class="diff-old">specification.
+Existing
+features
+may
+be
+modified
+heavily
+or
+removed
+entirely
+from
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">public-rdf-comments
+mailing
+list.
+</ins></li><li><a href="https://github.com/json-ld/json-ld.org/tree/master/spec"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Source
+code
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins>
+the
+specification
+<del class="diff-old">upon
+further
+review
+and
+feedback
+from
+the
+broader
+community.
+This
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">can
+be
+found
+on
+Github.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+</ins><a href="http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=json-ld"><ins class="diff-chg">
+#json-ld
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRC
+channel
+</ins>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">a
+work
+in
+progress
+and
+publication
+as
+a
+First
+Public
+Working
+Draft
+does
+not
+require
+that
+all
+Working
+Group
+members
+agree
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">available
+for
+real-time
+discussion
+</ins>
+on
+<del class="diff-old">the
+content
+of
+the
+document.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">irc.freenode.net.
+</ins></li></ul>
+<p>
+This
+document
+was
+published
+by
+the
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/rdf-wg/">
+RDF
+Working
+Group
+</a>
+as
+a
+<del class="diff-old">First
+Public
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Last
+Call
+</ins>
+Working
+Draft.
+This
+document
+is
+intended
+to
+become
+a
+<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">
+W3C
+</abbr>
+Recommendation.
+If
+you
+wish
+to
+make
+comments
+regarding
+this
+document,
+please
+send
+them
+to
+<a href="mailto:public-rdf-comments@w3.org">
+public-rdf-comments@w3.org
+</a>
+(
+<a href="mailto:public-rdf-comments-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">
+subscribe
+</a>,
+<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-rdf-comments/">
+archives
+</a>
+).
+<ins class="diff-new">The
+Last
+Call
+period
+ends
+04
+May
+2013.
+</ins>
+All
+<del class="diff-old">feedback
+is
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">comments
+are
+</ins>
+welcome.
+</p>
+<p>
+Publication
+as
+a
+Working
+Draft
+does
+not
+imply
+endorsement
+by
+the
+<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">
+W3C
+</abbr>
+Membership.
+This
+is
+a
+draft
+document
+and
+may
+be
+updated,
+replaced
+or
+obsoleted
+by
+other
+documents
+at
+any
+time.
+It
+is
+inappropriate
+to
+cite
+this
+document
+as
+other
+than
+work
+in
+progress.
+</p>
+<p>
+This
+<ins class="diff-new">is
+a
+Last
+Call
+Working
+Draft
+and
+thus
+the
+Working
+Group
+has
+determined
+that
+this
+document
+has
+satisfied
+the
+relevant
+technical
+requirements
+and
+is
+sufficiently
+stable
+to
+advance
+through
+the
+Technical
+Recommendation
+process.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-new">
+This
+</ins>
+document
+was
+produced
+by
+a
+group
+operating
+under
+the
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">
+5
+February
+2004
+<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">
+W3C
+</abbr>
+Patent
+Policy
+</a>.
+<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">
+W3C
+</abbr>
+maintains
+a
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46168/status" rel="disclosure">
+public
+list
+of
+any
+patent
+disclosures
+</a>
+made
+in
+connection
+with
+the
+deliverables
+of
+the
+group;
+that
+page
+also
+includes
+instructions
+for
+disclosing
+a
+patent.
+An
+individual
+who
+has
+actual
+knowledge
+of
+a
+patent
+which
+the
+individual
+believes
+contains
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">
+Essential
+Claim(s)
+</a>
+must
+disclose
+the
+information
+in
+accordance
+with
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">
+section
+6
+of
+the
+<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">
+W3C
+</abbr>
+Patent
+Policy
+</a>.
+</p>
+</section>
+<section id="toc">
+<h2 class="introductory">
+Table
+of
+Contents
+</h2>
+<ul class="toc">
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#introduction" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+1.
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Preface
+1.1
+Contributing
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Introduction
+</ins>
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#features" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+2.
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Introduction
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Features
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ul class="toc">
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#expansion" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+2.1
+</span>
+Expansion
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#compaction" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+2.2
+</span>
+Compaction
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#flattening" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+2.3
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Conversion
+to
+and
+from
+RDF
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Flattening
+</ins>
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#rdf-conversion" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+2.4
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Framing
+and
+Normalization
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">RDF
+Conversion
+</ins>
+</a>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#conformance" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+3.
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">The
+Application
+Programming
+Interface
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Conformance
+</ins>
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#general-terminology" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">3.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.
+</ins>
+</span>
+General
+Terminology
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<del class="diff-old">3.2
+JsonLdProcessor
+3.2.1
+Methods
+3.3
+Callbacks
+3.3.1
+JsonLdCallback
+3.3.1.1
+Methods
+3.3.2
+QuadCallback
+3.3.2.1
+Methods
+3.4
+Data
+Structures
+3.4.1
+URL
+</del>
+<a href="#algorithm-terms" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">3.4.2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">5.
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">JsonLdOptions
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Algorithm
+Terms
+</ins>
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#context-processing-algorithms" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">3.4.3
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">6.
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Quad
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Context
+Processing
+Algorithms
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ul class="toc">
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#context-processing-algorithm" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">3.4.3.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">6.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Attributes
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Context
+Processing
+Algorithm
+</ins>
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#create-term-definition" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">3.4.4
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">6.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Node
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Create
+Term
+Definition
+</ins>
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#iri-expansion" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">3.4.5
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">6.3
+</ins>
+</span>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">3.4.5.1
+Attributes
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Expansion
+</ins>
+</a>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#expansion-algorithms" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">3.4.6
+Blank
+Node
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">7.
+</ins>
+</span>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Expansion
+Algorithms
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ul class="toc">
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#expansion-algorithm" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">3.4.6.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">7.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Attributes
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Expansion
+Algorithm
+</ins>
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<del class="diff-old">3.4.7
+Literal
+</del>
+<a href="#value-expansion" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">3.4.7.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">7.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Attributes
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Value
+Expansion
+</ins>
+</a>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#compaction-algorithms" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">8.
+</ins>
+</span>
+<ins class="diff-new">Compaction
+</ins>
+Algorithms
+</a>
+<ul class="toc">
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#compaction-algorithm" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">8.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+<ins class="diff-new">Compaction
+</ins>
+Algorithm
+<del class="diff-old">Terms
+</del>
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#inverse-context-creation" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">8.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+<ins class="diff-new">Inverse
+</ins>
+Context
+<del class="diff-old">Processing
+4.3
+IRI
+Expansion
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Creation
+</ins>
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#iri-compaction" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.4
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">8.3
+</ins>
+</span>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+Compaction
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#term-selection" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.4.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">8.4
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">IRI
+Compaction
+Algorithm
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Term
+Selection
+</ins>
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#value-compaction" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.4.2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">8.5
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Term
+Rank
+Algorithm
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Value
+Compaction
+</ins>
+</a>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#flattening-algorithms" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.5
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">9.
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Value
+Expansion
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Flattening
+Algorithms
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ul class="toc">
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#flattening-algorithm" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.6
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">9.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Value
+Compaction
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Flattening
+Algorithm
+</ins>
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#node-map-generation" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.7
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">9.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Expansion
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Node
+Map
+Generation
+</ins>
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#generate-blank-node-identifier" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.7.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">9.3
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Expansion
+Algorithm
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Generate
+Blank
+Node
+Identifier
+</ins>
+</a>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#rdf-conversion-algorithms" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.8
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">10.
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Compaction
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">RDF
+Conversion
+Algorithms
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ul class="toc">
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#convert-to-rdf-algorithm" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.8.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">10.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Compaction
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Convert
+to
+RDF
+</ins>
+Algorithm
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#object-to-rdf-conversion" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.9
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">10.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+<ins class="diff-new">Object
+to
+</ins>
+RDF
+Conversion
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#list-to-rdf-conversion" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.9.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">10.3
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Overview
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">List
+to
+RDF
+Conversion
+</ins>
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#convert-from-rdf-algorithm" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.9.2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">10.4
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Parsing
+Examples
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Convert
+from
+RDF
+Algorithm
+</ins>
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#rdf-to-object-conversion" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.9.3
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">10.5
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Convert
+to
+</del>
+RDF
+<del class="diff-old">Algorithm
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">to
+Object
+Conversion
+</ins>
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#data-round-tripping" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.9.4
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">10.6
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">List
+Conversion
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Data
+Round
+Tripping
+</ins>
+</a>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#the-application-programming-interface" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.9.5
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">11.
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Convert
+from
+RDF
+Algorithm
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+Application
+Programming
+Interface
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ul class="toc">
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#jsonldprocessor" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<ins class="diff-chg">11.1
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+JsonLdProcessor
+</ins></a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#callbacks" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">11.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Data
+Round
+Tripping
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Callbacks
+</ins>
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#data-structures" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">A.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">11.3
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Initial
+Context
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Data
+Structures
+</ins>
+</a>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">B.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">A.
+</ins>
+</span>
+Acknowledgements
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#references" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">C.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">B.
+</ins>
+</span>
+References
+</a>
+<ul class="toc">
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">C.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">B.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+Normative
+references
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">C.2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">B.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+Informative
+references
+</a>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</section>
+<section class="informative" id="introduction">
+<h2>
+<span class="secno">
+1.
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Preface
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Introduction
+</ins>
+</h2>
+<p>
+<em>
+<ins class="diff-new">This
+section
+is
+non-normative.
+</ins></em></p>
+<p>
+This
+document
+is
+a
+detailed
+specification
+for
+an
+Application
+Programming
+Interface
+for
+the
+JSON-LD
+<del class="diff-old">Syntax.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">syntax.
+</ins>
+The
+document
+is
+primarily
+intended
+for
+the
+following
+audiences:
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-new">Developers
+that
+want
+an
+overview
+of
+the
+JSON-LD
+API.
+</ins></li><li>
+Web
+authors
+and
+developers
+that
+want
+a
+very
+detailed
+view
+of
+how
+a
+JSON-LD
+<del class="diff-old">processor
+and
+the
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Implementation
+or
+a
+JSON-LD
+Processor's
+</ins>
+API
+operates.
+</li>
+<li>
+Software
+developers
+that
+want
+to
+implement
+<del class="diff-old">processors
+and
+APIs
+for
+JSON-LD.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+algorithms
+to
+transform
+JSON-LD
+documents.
+</ins>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p>
+To
+understand
+the
+basics
+in
+this
+specification
+you
+must
+first
+be
+familiar
+with
+JSON,
+which
+is
+detailed
+in
+[
+<cite>
+<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC4627">
+RFC4627
+</a>
+</cite>
+].
+You
+must
+also
+understand
+the
+JSON-LD
+Syntax
+[
+<cite>
+<a class="bibref" href="#bib-JSON-LD">
+JSON-LD
+</a>
+</cite>
+],
+which
+is
+the
+base
+syntax
+used
+by
+all
+of
+the
+algorithms
+in
+this
+document.
+To
+understand
+the
+API
+and
+how
+it
+is
+intended
+to
+operate
+in
+a
+programming
+environment,
+it
+is
+useful
+to
+have
+working
+knowledge
+of
+the
+JavaScript
+programming
+language
+[
+<cite>
+<a class="bibref" href="#bib-ECMA-262">
+ECMA-262
+</a>
+</cite>
+]
+and
+WebIDL
+[
+<cite>
+<a class="bibref" href="#bib-WEBIDL">
+WEBIDL
+</a>
+</cite>
+].
+To
+understand
+how
+JSON-LD
+maps
+to
+RDF,
+it
+is
+helpful
+to
+be
+familiar
+with
+the
+basic
+RDF
+concepts
+[
+<cite>
+<del class="diff-old">RDF-CONCEPTS
+</del>
+<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF11-CONCEPTS">
+<ins class="diff-chg">RDF11-CONCEPTS
+</ins>
+</a>
+</cite>
+].
+</p>
+</section>
+<section class="informative" id="features">
+<h2>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">1.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">2.
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Contributing
+There
+are
+a
+number
+of
+ways
+that
+one
+may
+participate
+in
+the
+development
+of
+this
+specification:
+If
+you
+want
+to
+make
+sure
+that
+your
+feedback
+is
+formally
+addressed
+by
+the
+RDF
+Working
+Group,
+you
+should
+send
+it
+to
+public-rdf-comments:
+public-rdf-comments@w3.org
+Ad-hoc
+technical
+discussion
+primarily
+occurs
+on
+the
+public
+community
+mailing
+list:
+public-linked-json@w3.org
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Features
+</ins></h2>
+<del class="diff-old">Public
+JSON-LD
+Community
+Group
+teleconferences
+are
+held
+on
+Tuesdays
+at
+1500UTC
+every
+week.
+RDF
+Working
+Group
+teleconferences
+are
+held
+on
+Wednesdays
+at
+1500UTC
+every
+week.
+Participation
+is
+limited
+to
+RDF
+Working
+Group
+members.
+Specification
+bugs
+and
+issues
+should
+be
+reported
+in
+the
+issue
+tracker
+if
+you
+do
+not
+want
+to
+send
+an
+e-mail
+to
+the
+public-rdf-comments
+mailing
+list.
+</del>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">Source
+code
+for
+the
+specification
+can
+be
+found
+on
+Github.
+The
+#json-ld
+IRC
+channel
+</del>
+<em>
+<ins class="diff-chg">This
+section
+</ins>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">available
+for
+real-time
+discussion
+on
+irc.freenode.net.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">non-normative.
+</ins></em>
+<del class="diff-old">2.
+Introduction
+</del>
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+JSON-LD
+Syntax
+specification
+[
+<cite>
+<a class="bibref" href="#bib-JSON-LD">
+JSON-LD
+</a>
+</cite>
+]
+outlines
+a
+<del class="diff-old">language
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">syntax
+</ins>
+that
+may
+be
+used
+to
+express
+Linked
+Data
+in
+JSON.
+<del class="diff-old">Often,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Because
+there
+is
+more
+than
+one
+way
+to
+express
+Linked
+Data
+using
+this
+syntax,
+</ins>
+it
+is
+<ins class="diff-new">often
+</ins>
+useful
+to
+be
+able
+to
+transform
+JSON-LD
+documents
+so
+that
+they
+may
+be
+<ins class="diff-new">more
+</ins>
+easily
+<del class="diff-old">processed
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">consumed
+by
+specific
+applications.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+way
+JSON-LD
+allows
+Linked
+Data
+to
+be
+expressed
+</ins>
+in
+a
+<del class="diff-old">programming
+environment
+like
+JavaScript,
+Python
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">way
+that
+is
+specifically
+tailored
+to
+a
+particular
+person
+</ins>
+or
+<del class="diff-old">Ruby.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">application
+is
+by
+providing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+By
+providing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+data
+can
+be
+expressed
+in
+a
+way
+that
+is
+a
+natural
+fit
+for
+a
+particular
+person
+or
+application
+whilst
+also
+indicating
+how
+the
+data
+should
+be
+understood
+at
+a
+global
+scale.
+In
+order
+for
+people
+or
+applications
+to
+share
+data
+that
+was
+created
+using
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+that
+is
+different
+from
+their
+own,
+a
+JSON-LD
+processor
+must
+be
+able
+to
+transform
+a
+document
+from
+one
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+another.
+Instead
+of
+requiring
+JSON-LD
+processors
+to
+write
+specific
+code
+for
+every
+imaginable
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+switching
+scenario,
+it
+is
+much
+easier
+to
+specify
+a
+single
+algorithm
+that
+can
+remove
+any
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Similarly,
+another
+algorithm
+can
+be
+specified
+to
+subsequently
+apply
+any
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+These
+two
+algorithms
+represent
+the
+most
+basic
+transformations
+of
+JSON-LD
+documents.
+They
+are
+referred
+to
+as
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="expansion" href="#dfn-expansion"><ins class="diff-chg">
+expansion
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="compaction" href="#dfn-compaction"><ins class="diff-chg">
+compaction
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+respectively.
+</ins>
+</p>
+<p>
+There
+are
+<del class="diff-old">three
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">four
+</ins>
+major
+types
+of
+transformation
+that
+are
+discussed
+in
+this
+<del class="diff-old">document;
+compaction,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">document:
+</ins>
+expansion,
+<ins class="diff-new">compaction,
+flattening,
+</ins>
+and
+RDF
+conversion.
+</p>
+<section class="informative" id="expansion">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+2.1
+</span>
+Expansion
+</h3>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">Software
+algorithms
+are
+easiest
+to
+write
+when
+the
+data
+</del>
+<em>
+<ins class="diff-chg">This
+section
+is
+non-normative.
+</ins></em></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+algorithm
+</ins>
+that
+<del class="diff-old">they
+are
+processing
+have
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">removes
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+called
+</ins><dfn title="expansion" id="dfn-expansion"><ins class="diff-chg">
+expansion
+</ins></dfn>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Before
+performing
+any
+other
+transformations
+on
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">regular
+form.
+Since
+information
+can
+be
+represented
+by
+</del>
+JSON-LD
+<del class="diff-old">in
+a
+variety
+of
+different
+ways,
+transforming
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">document,
+it
+is
+easiest
+to
+remove
+any
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+from
+it,
+localizing
+</ins>
+all
+<ins class="diff-new">information,
+and
+to
+make
+data
+structures
+more
+regular.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-new">
+To
+get
+an
+idea
+</ins>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">these
+methods
+into
+a
+uniform
+structure
+allows
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">how
+context
+and
+data
+structuring
+affects
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">developer
+to
+simplify
+their
+processing
+code.
+For
+example,
+note
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">same
+data,
+here
+is
+an
+example
+of
+JSON-LD
+</ins>
+that
+<del class="diff-old">the
+following
+input
+</del>
+uses
+only
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
+<del class="diff-old">term
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">terms
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">s
+</del>
+and
+is
+fairly
+compact:
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old"> var input1 = {
+ "@context": "http://json-ld.org/contexts/person.jsonld"
+ "name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
+</del>
+ <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 1</span>: Sample JSON-LD document</div><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "@context": {
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "homepage": {
+ "@id": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
+ "@type": "@id"
+ }
+ },
+ "@id": "http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/",
+ "name": "Markus Lanthaler",
+ "homepage": "http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/"
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+</div>
+<p>
+The
+next
+input
+example
+uses
+one
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>
+to
+express
+a
+<del class="diff-old">property,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">property
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+encapsulate
+another,
+</ins>
+but
+leaves
+the
+rest
+of
+the
+information
+untouched.
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old"> var input2 = {
+ "@context": "http://json-ld.org/contexts/person.jsonld"
+ "": "Manu Sporny",
+ "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
+</del>
+ <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 2</span>: Sample JSON-LD document using a IRI instead of a term to express a property</div><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "@context": {
+</ins> <span class="diff">"website": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage"</span><ins class="diff-chg">
+ },
+ "@id": "http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/",
+ "<span class="diff">http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name</span>": "Markus Lanthaler",
+</ins> <span class="diff">"website"</span>: <span class="diff">{ "@id":</span> "http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/" <span class="diff">}</span>
+}
+</pre>
+</div>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">While
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Note
+that
+</ins>
+both
+inputs
+are
+valid
+<del class="diff-old">JSON-LD,
+writing
+a
+program
+to
+handle
+every
+permutation
+of
+possible
+inputs
+can
+be
+difficult,
+especially
+when
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+and
+both
+represent
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">incoming
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">same
+information.
+The
+difference
+is
+in
+their
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
+context
+<del class="diff-old">could
+change
+as
+well.
+To
+</del>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">information
+and
+in
+the
+data
+structures
+used.
+A
+JSON-LD
+processor
+can
+remove
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins>
+ensure
+that
+the
+data
+<del class="diff-old">can
+be
+given
+a
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+</ins>
+more
+<del class="diff-old">uniform
+structure,
+JSON-LD
+introduces
+the
+notion
+of
+expansion.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">regular
+by
+employing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="expansion" href="#dfn-expansion"><ins class="diff-chg">
+expansion
+</ins></a>.</p><p><a class="tref internalDFN" title="expansion" href="#dfn-expansion">
+Expansion
+<del class="diff-old">performs
+</del>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">has
+</ins>
+two
+important
+<del class="diff-old">operations.
+The
+first
+is
+to
+expand
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">goals:
+removing
+any
+contextual
+information
+from
+the
+document,
+and
+ensuring
+</ins>
+all
+values
+<del class="diff-old">that
+</del>
+are
+<del class="diff-old">IRI
+s
+to
+their
+fully
+expanded
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">represented
+in
+a
+regular
+</ins>
+form.
+<del class="diff-old">The
+second
+is
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">These
+goals
+are
+accomplished
+by
+expanding
+all
+properties
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">express
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
+<ins class="diff-chg">absolute
+IRIs
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+by
+expressing
+</ins>
+all
+values
+in
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
+<ins class="diff-chg">arrays
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="expanded-form" href="#dfn-expanded-form">
+expanded
+form
+<del class="diff-old">.
+To
+transform
+both
+inputs
+above
+to
+</del>
+</a>.
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="expanded-form" href="#dfn-expanded-form">
+<ins class="diff-chg">Expanded
+form
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">same
+representation,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">most
+verbose
+and
+regular
+way
+of
+expressing
+of
+values
+in
+JSON-LD;
+all
+contextual
+information
+from
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">developer
+could
+do
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">document
+is
+instead
+stored
+locally
+with
+each
+value.
+Running
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">following:
+ function expansionCallback(output) {
+ console.log(output);
+}
+</del>
+<a href="#expansion-algorithm">
+<ins class="diff-chg">Expansion
+algorithm
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+(
+</ins><code class="idlMemberName">
+<del class="diff-old">// the second parameter is 'null' because the developer does not wish to
+// inject another context value
+jsonld.expand(input1, null, expansionCallback);
+jsonld.expand(input2,
+null,
+expansionCallback);
+</del>
+<a href="#widl-JsonLdProcessor-expand-void-object-object---DOMString-input-JsonLdCallback-callback-JsonLdOptions-options">
+<ins class="diff-chg">expand
+</ins></a>
+<del class="diff-old">The
+output
+for
+both
+calls
+</del>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">operation)
+against
+the
+examples
+provided
+</ins>
+above
+<del class="diff-old">will
+be:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">results
+in
+the
+following
+output:
+</ins>
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old"> [{
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [{
+ "@value": "Manu Sporny"
+ }],
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage": [{
+ "@id": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
+ }]
+}]
+</del>
+ <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 3</span>: Expanded sample document</div><pre class="example">[
+<ins class="diff-chg"> {
+ "@id": "http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/",
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+ { "@value": "Markus Lanthaler" }
+ ],
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage": [
+ { "@id": "http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/" }
+ ]
+ }
+]
+</ins>
+</pre>
+</div>
+<p>
+Note
+that
+in
+the
+<del class="diff-old">example
+above;
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">output
+above
+</ins>
+all
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
+context
+</a>
+definitions
+have
+been
+removed,
+all
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
+<del class="diff-old">term
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">terms
+</ins>
+</a>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">prefixes
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">
+<ins class="diff-chg">compact
+IRIs
+</ins></a>
+have
+been
+expanded
+to
+<del class="diff-old">full
+IRIs,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">absolute
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRIs
+</ins></a>,
+and
+all
+<del class="diff-old">literal
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-value" href="#dfn-json-ld-value">
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+values
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">s
+</del>
+are
+expressed
+in
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
+<ins class="diff-chg">arrays
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="expanded-form" href="#dfn-expanded-form">
+expanded
+form
+</a>.
+While
+the
+output
+is
+more
+<ins class="diff-new">verbose
+and
+</ins>
+difficult
+for
+a
+human
+to
+read,
+it
+<del class="diff-old">is
+easier
+for
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">establishes
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">software
+program
+to
+process
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">baseline
+that
+makes
+JSON-LD
+processing
+easier
+</ins>
+because
+of
+its
+very
+regular
+structure.
+</p>
+</section>
+<section class="informative" id="compaction">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+2.2
+</span>
+Compaction
+</h3>
+<p>
+<em>
+<ins class="diff-new">This
+section
+is
+non-normative.
+</ins></em></p>
+<p>
+While
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="expansion" href="#dfn-expansion">
+expansion
+<del class="diff-old">expands
+</del>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">removes
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+from
+</ins>
+a
+given
+<del class="diff-old">input
+as
+much
+as
+possible,
+compaction
+performs
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">input,
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="compaction" href="#dfn-compaction"><ins class="diff-chg">
+compaction's
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+primary
+function
+is
+to
+perform
+</ins>
+the
+opposite
+<del class="diff-old">operation
+-
+expressing
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">operation:
+to
+express
+</ins>
+a
+given
+input
+<del class="diff-old">as
+succinctly
+as
+possible.
+While
+expansion
+is
+meant
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">according
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">produce
+something
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+particular
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></a>.<dfn title="compaction" id="dfn-compaction"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Compaction
+</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-chg">
+applies
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></a>
+that
+<ins class="diff-new">specifically
+tailors
+the
+way
+information
+</ins>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">easy
+to
+process
+by
+software
+programs,
+compaction
+is
+meant
+to
+produce
+something
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">expressed
+for
+a
+particular
+person
+or
+application.
+This
+simplifies
+applications
+</ins>
+that
+<del class="diff-old">is
+easy
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">consume
+JSON
+or
+JSON-LD
+by
+expressing
+the
+data
+in
+application-specific
+terms,
+and
+it
+makes
+the
+data
+easier
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">ready
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">read
+</ins>
+by
+<del class="diff-old">software
+developers.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">humans.
+</ins></p><p><a class="tref internalDFN" title="compaction" href="#dfn-compaction">
+Compaction
+</a>
+uses
+a
+developer-supplied
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
+context
+</a>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">compresses
+all
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">shorten
+</ins>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<del class="diff-old">IRI
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">IRIs
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">s
+</del>
+to
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
+<del class="diff-old">term
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">terms
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">s
+</del>
+or
+<del class="diff-old">prefix
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">
+<ins class="diff-chg">compact
+IRIs
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">es,
+</del>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">compacts
+all
+literal
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-value" href="#dfn-json-ld-value">
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+values
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">s
+</del>
+expressed
+in
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="expanded-form" href="#dfn-expanded-form">
+expanded
+form
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">to
+simple
+values
+such
+</ins>
+as
+<del class="diff-old">much
+as
+possible.
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
+<ins class="diff-chg">strings
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number"><ins class="diff-chg">
+numbers
+</ins></a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">The
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">For
+example,
+assume
+the
+</ins>
+following
+<del class="diff-old">example
+expresses
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">expanded
+JSON-LD
+</ins>
+input
+<del class="diff-old">that
+has
+already
+been
+fully
+expanded:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">document:
+</ins>
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old"> var expandedInput = [{
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [{
+ "@value": "Manu Sporny"
+ }],
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage": [{
+ "@id": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
+ }]
+}]
+</del>
+ <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 4</span>: Expanded sample document</div><pre class="example">[
+<ins class="diff-chg"> {
+ "@id": "http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/",
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+ { "@value": "Markus Lanthaler" }
+ ],
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage": [
+ { "@id": "http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/" }
+ ]
+ }
+]
+</ins>
+</pre>
+</div>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">A
+developer
+that
+wants
+to
+transform
+the
+data
+above
+into
+a
+more
+human-readable
+form,
+could
+do
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Additionally,
+assume
+</ins>
+the
+following
+<del class="diff-old">using
+the
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">developer-supplied
+</ins>
+JSON-LD
+<del class="diff-old">API:
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
+<ins class="diff-chg">context
+</ins></a>:
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old"> function compactionCallback(output) {
+ console.log(output);
+</del>
+ <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 5</span>: JSON-LD context</div><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "@context": {
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "homepage": {
+ "@id": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
+ "@type": "@id"
+ }
+ }
+</ins>
+}
+<del class="diff-old">jsonld.compact(expandedInput,
+"http://json-ld.org/contexts/person.jsonld",
+compactionCallback);
+</del>
+</pre>
+</div>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">The
+following
+would
+be
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Running
+the
+</ins><a href="#compaction-algorithm"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Compaction
+Algorithm
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+(
+</ins><code class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdProcessor-compact-void-object-object---DOMString-input-object-DOMString-context-JsonLdCallback-callback-JsonLdOptions-options"><ins class="diff-chg">
+compact
+</ins></a></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+operation)
+given
+</ins>
+the
+<ins class="diff-new">context
+supplied
+above
+against
+the
+JSON-LD
+input
+document
+provided
+above
+would
+</ins>
+result
+<del class="diff-old">of
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">in
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">call
+above:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">following
+output:
+</ins>
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old"> {
+ "@context": "http://json-ld.org/contexts/person.jsonld"
+ "name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
+</del>
+ <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 6</span>: Compacted sample document</div><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "@context": {
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "homepage": {
+ "@id": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
+ "@type": "@id"
+ }
+ },
+ "@id": "http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/",
+ "name": "Markus Lanthaler",
+ "homepage": "http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/"
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+</div>
+<p>
+Note
+that
+all
+<del class="diff-old">of
+the
+term
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<ins class="diff-chg">IRIs
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">s
+</del>
+have
+been
+<del class="diff-old">compressed
+and
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">compacted
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+terms
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+as
+specified
+in
+</ins>
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
+context
+</a>,
+<ins class="diff-chg">which
+</ins>
+has
+been
+injected
+into
+the
+output.
+While
+compacted
+output
+is
+<del class="diff-old">most
+</del>
+useful
+to
+humans,
+it
+<del class="diff-old">can
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+</ins>
+also
+<del class="diff-old">be
+carefully
+</del>
+used
+to
+generate
+structures
+that
+are
+easy
+to
+<del class="diff-old">use
+for
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">program
+against.
+Compaction
+enables
+</ins>
+developers
+to
+<del class="diff-old">program
+against
+as
+well.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">map
+any
+expanded
+document
+into
+an
+application-specific
+compacted
+document.
+While
+the
+context
+provided
+above
+mapped
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nam
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+name
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+it
+could
+also
+have
+been
+mapped
+to
+any
+other
+term
+provided
+by
+the
+developer.
+</ins>
+</p>
+</section>
+<section class="informative" id="flattening">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+2.3
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Conversion
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Flattening
+</ins></h3><p><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+This
+section
+is
+non-normative.
+</ins></em></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+While
+expansion
+ensures
+that
+a
+document
+is
+in
+a
+uniform
+structure,
+flattening
+goes
+a
+step
+further
+to
+ensure
+that
+the
+shape
+of
+the
+data
+is
+deterministic.
+In
+expanded
+documents,
+the
+properties
+of
+a
+single
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node"><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+may
+be
+spread
+across
+a
+number
+of
+different
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+objects
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+By
+flattening
+a
+document,
+all
+properties
+of
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node"><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+are
+collected
+in
+a
+single
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+all
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node" href="#dfn-blank-node"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+nodes
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+are
+labeled
+with
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+identifier
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+This
+may
+drastically
+simplify
+the
+code
+required
+</ins>
+to
+<ins class="diff-new">process
+JSON-LD
+data
+in
+certain
+applications.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-new">
+For
+example,
+assume
+the
+following
+JSON-LD
+input
+document:
+</ins></p> <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 7</span>: Sample JSON-LD document</div><pre class="example">{<ins class="diff-new">
+ "@context": {
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "knows": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows"
+ },
+ "@id": "http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/",
+ "name": "Markus Lanthaler",
+ "knows": [
+ {
+ "name": "Dave Longley"
+ }
+ ]
+}
+</ins></pre></div><p><ins class="diff-new">
+Running
+the
+</ins><a href="#flattening-algorithm"><ins class="diff-new">
+Flattening
+algorithm
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+(
+</ins><code class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdProcessor-flatten-void-object-object---DOMString-input-object-DOMString-context-JsonLdCallback-callback-JsonLdOptions-options"><ins class="diff-new">
+flatten
+</ins></a></code><ins class="diff-new">
+operation)
+with
+a
+context
+set
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
+null
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+prevent
+compaction
+returns
+the
+following
+document:
+</ins></p> <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 8</span>: Flattened sample document in expanded form</div><pre class="example">[<ins class="diff-new">
+ {
+ "@id": "_:t0",
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+ { "@value": "Dave Longley" }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/",
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+ { "@value": "Markus Lanthaler" }
+ ],
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows": [
+ { "@id": "_:t0" }
+ ]
+ }
+]
+</ins></pre></div><p><ins class="diff-new">
+Note
+how
+in
+the
+output
+above
+all
+properties
+of
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node"><ins class="diff-new">
+node
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+are
+collected
+in
+a
+single
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">from
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">how
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node" href="#dfn-blank-node"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+representing
+"Dave
+Longley"
+has
+been
+assigned
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+identifier
+</ins></a><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+_:t0
+</ins></code>.</p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+To
+make
+it
+easier
+for
+humans
+to
+read
+or
+for
+certain
+applications
+to
+process
+it,
+a
+flattened
+document
+can
+be
+compacted
+by
+passing
+a
+context.
+Using
+the
+same
+context
+as
+the
+input
+document,
+the
+flattened
+and
+compacted
+document
+looks
+as
+follows:
+</ins></p> <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 9</span>: Flattened and compacted sample document</div><pre class="example">{<ins class="diff-chg">
+ "@context": {
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "knows": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows"
+ },
+ "@graph": [
+ {
+ "@id": "_:t0",
+ "name": "Dave Longley"
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/",
+ "name": "Markus Lanthaler",
+ "knows": { "@id": "_:t0" }
+ }
+ ]
+}
+</ins></pre></div><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+Please
+note
+that
+the
+flattened
+and
+compacted
+result
+always
+explicitly
+designates
+the
+default
+graph
+by
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@graph
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+in
+the
+top-level
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a>.</p></section><section class="informative" id="rdf-conversion"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+2.4
+</ins></span>
+RDF
+<ins class="diff-new">Conversion
+</ins>
+</h3>
+<p>
+<em>
+<ins class="diff-new">This
+section
+is
+non-normative.
+</ins></em></p>
+<p>
+JSON-LD
+can
+be
+used
+to
+<del class="diff-old">losslessly
+express
+the
+RDF
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">serialize
+</ins>
+data
+<del class="diff-old">model
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">expressed
+in
+RDF
+</ins>
+as
+described
+in
+<del class="diff-old">the
+RDF
+Concepts
+document
+</del>
+[
+<cite>
+<del class="diff-old">RDF-CONCEPTS
+</del>
+<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF11-CONCEPTS">
+<ins class="diff-chg">RDF11-CONCEPTS
+</ins>
+</a>
+</cite>
+].
+This
+ensures
+that
+data
+can
+be
+round-tripped
+<ins class="diff-new">to
+and
+</ins>
+from
+any
+RDF
+<del class="diff-old">syntax,
+like
+N-Triples
+or
+TURTLE,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">syntax
+</ins>
+without
+any
+loss
+in
+<del class="diff-old">the
+fidelity
+of
+the
+data.
+Assume
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">fidelity.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+For
+example,
+assume
+</ins>
+the
+following
+RDF
+input
+<ins class="diff-new">serialized
+</ins>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">N-Triples
+format:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Turtle
+[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-TURTLE"><ins class="diff-chg">
+TURTLE
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
+]:
+</ins>
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old"> var data = "
+<http://manu.sporny.org/about/#manu> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> \"Manu Sporny\" .\n
+<http://manu.sporny.org/about/#manu>
+</del>
+ <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 10</span>: Sample Turtle document</div><pre class="example"><http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Markus Lanthaler" .
+<ins class="diff-chg"><http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/>
+</ins>
+<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage>
+<del class="diff-old"><http://manu.sporny.org/>
+.";
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg"><http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/>
+.
+</ins>
+</pre>
+</div>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">A
+developer
+can
+use
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Using
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">JSON-LD
+API
+to
+</del>
+<a href="#convert-from-rdf-algorithm">
+<ins class="diff-chg">Convert
+from
+RDF
+algorithm
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+a
+developer
+could
+</ins>
+transform
+<del class="diff-old">the
+markup
+above
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">this
+document
+</ins>
+into
+<del class="diff-old">a
+JSON-LD
+document:
+ function conversionCallback(result)
+{
+ console.log("JSON-LD Document: ", result);
+};
+jsonld.fromRDF(data,
+conversionCallback,
+{"format":
+"ntriples"});
+The
+following
+</del>
+expanded
+<del class="diff-old">output
+would
+be
+the
+result
+of
+the
+call
+above:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD:
+</ins>
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old"> [{
+ "@id": "http://manu.sporny.org/about/#manu",
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [{
+ "@value": "Manu Sporny"
+ }],
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage": [{
+ "@id": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
+ }]
+}]
+</del>
+ <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 11</span>: Sample Turtle document converted to JSON-LD</div><pre class="example">[
+<ins class="diff-chg"> {
+ "@id": "http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/",
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+ { "@value": "Markus Lanthaler" }
+ ],
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage": [
+ { "@id": "http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/" }
+ ]
+ }
+]
+</ins>
+</pre>
+</div>
+<p>
+Note
+that
+the
+output
+<del class="diff-old">above,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">above
+</ins>
+could
+easily
+be
+compacted
+<del class="diff-old">to
+produce
+the
+following
+</del>
+using
+the
+technique
+outlined
+in
+the
+previous
+<del class="diff-old">section:
+ {
+ "@context": "http://json-ld.org/contexts/person.jsonld",
+ "@id": "http://manu.sporny.org/about/#manu",
+ "name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
+}
+Transforming
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">section.
+It
+is
+also
+possible
+to
+transform
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">object
+above
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+document
+</ins>
+back
+to
+RDF
+<del class="diff-old">is
+as
+simple
+as
+calling
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">using
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">toRDF()
+method:
+</del>
+<a href="#convert-to-rdf-algorithm">
+<ins class="diff-chg">Convert
+to
+RDF
+algorithm
+</ins></a>.
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old"> var jsonldDocument = ...; // assign the JSON-LD document here
+function rdfCallback(quads)
+{
+ console.log("RDF Data: ", quads);
+};
+jsonld.toRDF(jsonldDocument,
+rdfCallback);
+</del>
+</section>
+</section>
+<section id="conformance">
+<h2>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">2.4
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Framing
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Conformance
+</ins></h2><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+All
+examples
+</ins>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">Normalization
+Issue
+2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">notes
+as
+well
+as
+sections
+marked
+as
+non-normative
+in
+this
+specification
+are
+non-normative.
+Everything
+else
+in
+this
+specification
+is
+normative.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+keywords
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="MUST"><ins class="diff-chg">
+MUST
+</ins></em>,<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST NOT"><ins class="diff-chg">
+MUST
+NOT
+</ins></em>,<em class="rfc2119" title="REQUIRED"><ins class="diff-chg">
+REQUIRED
+</ins></em>,<em class="rfc2119" title="SHOULD"><ins class="diff-chg">
+SHOULD
+</ins></em>,<em class="rfc2119" title="SHOULD NOT"><ins class="diff-chg">
+SHOULD
+NOT
+</ins></em>,<em class="rfc2119" title="RECOMMENDED"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RECOMMENDED
+</ins></em>,<em class="rfc2119" title="MAY"><ins class="diff-chg">
+MAY
+</ins></em>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="OPTIONAL"><ins class="diff-chg">
+OPTIONAL
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+this
+specification
+are
+to
+be
+interpreted
+as
+described
+in
+[
+</ins><cite>
+<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC2119">
+<ins class="diff-chg">RFC2119
+</ins></a>
+</cite>
+<ins class="diff-chg">].
+</ins></p><p>
+There
+are
+<del class="diff-old">currently
+</del>
+two
+<del class="diff-old">other
+API
+methods
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">classes
+of
+products
+</ins>
+that
+<del class="diff-old">are
+in
+active
+development
+and
+were
+not
+ready
+for
+publication
+at
+the
+time
+this
+document
+was
+published.
+Framing
+allows
+a
+developer
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">can
+claim
+conformance
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">force
+a
+different
+layout
+for
+the
+data
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">this
+specification:
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-implementation" href="#dfn-json-ld-implementation"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON-LD
+Implementations
+</ins></a>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">effectively
+perform
+query-by-example
+on
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-processor" href="#dfn-json-ld-processor">
+JSON-LD
+<del class="diff-old">documents
+-
+this
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Processors
+</ins></a>.</p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+conforming
+</ins><dfn title="json-ld-implementation" id="dfn-json-ld-implementation"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON-LD
+Implementation
+</ins></dfn>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">most
+useful
+when
+</del>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">JSON-LD-based
+REST
+API
+does
+not
+know
+the
+exact
+form
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">system
+capable
+</ins>
+of
+<ins class="diff-new">transforming
+JSON-LD
+documents
+according
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">data
+it
+is
+getting
+in,
+but
+still
+wants
+to
+operate
+upon
+it
+if
+some
+bare
+essentials
+are
+found
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">algorithms
+defined
+</ins>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">the
+data.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">this
+specification.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+conforming
+</ins><dfn title="json-ld-processor" id="dfn-json-ld-processor">
+JSON-LD
+<del class="diff-old">normalization
+allows
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Processor
+</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+a
+conforming
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-implementation" href="#dfn-json-ld-implementation">
+JSON-LD
+<del class="diff-old">documents
+to
+be
+deterministically
+serialized
+such
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Implementation
+</ins></a>
+that
+<del class="diff-old">they
+can
+be
+digitally
+signed
+or
+be
+used
+to
+find
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">exposes
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">differences
+between
+two
+linked
+data
+graph
+s.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Application
+Programming
+Interface
+(API)
+defined
+in
+this
+specification.
+</ins>
+It
+<del class="diff-old">is
+expected
+that
+framing
+will
+be
+a
+part
+</del>
+<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">
+<ins class="diff-chg">MUST
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+implement
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+json-ld-1.0
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+processing
+mode
+(for
+further
+details,
+see
+the
+</ins><code class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-processingMode"><ins class="diff-chg">
+processingMode
+</ins></a></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+option
+</ins>
+of
+<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdOptions" class="idlType">
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-new">JsonLdOptions
+</ins></code></a><ins class="diff-new">
+).
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-new">
+The
+algorithms
+in
+this
+specification
+are
+generally
+written
+with
+more
+concern
+for
+clarity
+than
+efficiency.
+Thus,
+JSON-LD
+Implementations
+and
+Processors
+may
+implement
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">final
+API.
+It
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">algorithms
+given
+in
+this
+specification
+in
+any
+way
+desired,
+so
+long
+as
+the
+end
+result
+</ins>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">expected
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">indistinguishable
+from
+the
+result
+</ins>
+that
+<del class="diff-old">normalization
+will
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">would
+</ins>
+be
+<del class="diff-old">an
+optional
+feature
+that
+JSON-LD
+processors
+may
+implement.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">obtained
+by
+the
+specification's
+algorithms.
+</ins>
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">3.
+The
+Application
+Programming
+Interface
+</del>
+<p>
+This
+<del class="diff-old">API
+provides
+a
+clean
+mechanism
+that
+enables
+developers
+to
+convert
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">specification
+does
+not
+define
+how
+</ins>
+JSON-LD
+<del class="diff-old">data
+into
+a
+a
+variety
+of
+output
+formats
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Implementations
+or
+Processors
+handle
+non-conforming
+input
+documents.
+This
+implies
+</ins>
+that
+<del class="diff-old">are
+easier
+to
+work
+with
+in
+various
+programming
+languages.
+If
+a
+</del>
+JSON-LD
+<del class="diff-old">API
+is
+provided
+in
+a
+programming
+environment,
+the
+entirety
+of
+the
+following
+API
+must
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Implementations
+or
+Processors
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="MUST NOT"><ins class="diff-chg">
+MUST
+NOT
+</ins>
+</em>
+<del class="diff-old">be
+implemented.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">attempt
+to
+correct
+malformed
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRIs
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+language
+tags;
+however,
+they
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="MAY"><ins class="diff-chg">
+MAY
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+issue
+validation
+warnings.
+IRIs
+are
+not
+modified
+other
+than
+converted
+between
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="relative-iri" href="#dfn-relative-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+relative
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+absolute
+IRIs
+</ins></a>.
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">3.1
+General
+Terminology
+</del>
+<div class="note">
+<div class="note-title">
+<span>
+<del class="diff-old">Issue
+3
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Note
+</ins>
+</span>
+</div>
+<p class="">
+<del class="diff-old">The
+intent
+of
+the
+Working
+Group
+and
+the
+Editors
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Implementers
+can
+partially
+check
+their
+level
+</ins>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">this
+specification
+is
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">conformance
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">eventually
+align
+terminology
+used
+in
+</del>
+this
+<del class="diff-old">document
+with
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">specification
+by
+successfully
+passing
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">terminology
+used
+in
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">test
+cases
+of
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">RDF
+Concepts
+document
+to
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+test
+suite
+[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-JSON-LD-TESTS"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON-LD-TESTS
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
+].
+Note,
+however,
+that
+passing
+all
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">extent
+to
+which
+it
+makes
+sense
+to
+do
+so.
+In
+general,
+if
+there
+is
+an
+analogue
+to
+terminology
+used
+in
+this
+document
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">tests
+</ins>
+in
+the
+<del class="diff-old">RDF
+Concepts
+document,
+the
+preference
+is
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">test
+suite
+does
+not
+imply
+complete
+conformance
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">use
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">this
+specification.
+It
+only
+implies
+that
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">terminology
+in
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">implementation
+conforms
+to
+aspects
+tested
+by
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">RDF
+Concepts
+document.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">test
+suite.
+</ins>
+</p>
+</div>
+</section>
+<section id="general-terminology">
+<h2>
+<span class="secno">
+<ins class="diff-new">4.
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
+General
+Terminology
+</ins></h2>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">The
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">This
+document
+uses
+the
+</ins>
+following
+<del class="diff-old">is
+an
+explanation
+of
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">terms
+as
+defined
+in
+JSON
+[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC4627"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RFC4627
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
+].
+Refer
+to
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">general
+terminology
+used
+</del>
+<em>
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON
+Grammar
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+section
+</ins>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">this
+document:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC4627"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RFC4627
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
+]
+for
+formal
+definitions.
+</ins>
+</p>
+<dl>
+<dt>
+<dfn title="json-object" id="dfn-json-object">
+JSON
+object
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+An
+object
+structure
+is
+represented
+as
+a
+pair
+of
+curly
+brackets
+surrounding
+zero
+or
+more
+<del class="diff-old">name-value
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key-value
+</ins>
+pairs.
+A
+<del class="diff-old">name
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key
+</ins>
+is
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
+string
+</a>.
+A
+single
+colon
+comes
+after
+each
+<del class="diff-old">name,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key,
+</ins>
+separating
+the
+<del class="diff-old">name
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key
+</ins>
+from
+the
+value.
+A
+single
+comma
+separates
+a
+value
+from
+a
+following
+<del class="diff-old">name.
+The
+names
+within
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key.
+In
+contrast
+to
+JSON,
+in
+JSON-LD
+the
+keys
+in
+</ins>
+an
+object
+<del class="diff-old">should
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">must
+</ins>
+be
+unique.
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<dfn title="array" id="dfn-array">
+array
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+An
+array
+<ins class="diff-new">structure
+</ins>
+is
+represented
+as
+square
+brackets
+surrounding
+zero
+or
+more
+values
+<del class="diff-old">that
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">(or
+elements).
+Elements
+</ins>
+are
+separated
+by
+commas.
+<ins class="diff-new">In
+JSON,
+an
+array
+is
+an
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
+ordered
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+sequence
+of
+zero
+or
+more
+values.
+While
+JSON-LD
+uses
+the
+same
+array
+representation
+as
+JSON,
+the
+collection
+is
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
+unordered
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+by
+default.
+While
+order
+is
+preserved
+in
+regular
+JSON
+arrays,
+it
+is
+not
+in
+regular
+JSON-LD
+arrays
+unless
+specific
+markup
+is
+provided
+(see
+</ins><a href="#sets-and-lists"></a><ins class="diff-new">
+).
+</ins>
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<dfn title="string" id="dfn-string">
+string
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+A
+string
+is
+a
+sequence
+of
+zero
+or
+more
+Unicode
+<del class="diff-old">(UTF-8)
+</del>
+characters,
+wrapped
+in
+double
+quotes,
+using
+backslash
+escapes
+(if
+necessary).
+A
+character
+is
+represented
+as
+a
+single
+character
+string.
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<dfn title="number" id="dfn-number">
+number
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+A
+number
+is
+similar
+to
+that
+used
+in
+most
+programming
+languages,
+except
+that
+the
+octal
+and
+hexadecimal
+formats
+are
+not
+used
+and
+that
+leading
+zeros
+are
+not
+allowed.
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<dfn title="true" id="dfn-true">
+true
+</dfn>
+and
+<dfn title="false" id="dfn-false">
+false
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+Values
+that
+are
+used
+to
+express
+one
+of
+two
+possible
+boolean
+states.
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<dfn title="null" id="dfn-null">
+null
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<del class="diff-old">Unless
+otherwise
+specified,
+a
+JSON-LD
+processor
+must
+act
+as
+if
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+value.
+A
+key-value
+pair
+in
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@context
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+where
+the
+value,
+or
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@id
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+the
+value,
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+explicitly
+decouples
+</ins>
+a
+<ins class="diff-new">term's
+association
+with
+an
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr>.<ins class="diff-new">
+A
+</ins>
+key-value
+pair
+in
+the
+body
+of
+a
+JSON-LD
+document
+<del class="diff-old">was
+never
+declared
+when
+the
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">whose
+</ins>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">equals
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
+null
+<del class="diff-old">.
+</del>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">has
+the
+same
+meaning
+as
+if
+the
+key-value
+pair
+was
+not
+defined.
+</ins>
+If
+<code>
+@value
+</code>,
+<code>
+@list
+</code>,
+or
+<code>
+@set
+</code>
+is
+set
+to
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
+null
+</a>
+in
+expanded
+form,
+then
+the
+entire
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+JSON
+object
+</a>
+is
+ignored.
+<del class="diff-old">If
+@context
+is
+set
+to
+null
+,
+</del>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Furthermore,
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">active
+context
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">following
+terminology
+</ins>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">reset
+and
+when
+</del>
+used
+<del class="diff-old">within
+a
+context
+,
+it
+removes
+any
+definition
+associated
+with
+the
+key,
+unless
+otherwise
+specified.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">throughout
+this
+document:
+</ins></p><dl>
+<dt>
+<del class="diff-old">subject
+definition
+</del>
+<dfn title="keyword" id="dfn-keyword">
+<ins class="diff-chg">keyword
+</ins>
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+A
+JSON
+<del class="diff-old">object
+used
+to
+represent
+a
+subject
+and
+one
+or
+more
+properties
+of
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key
+</ins>
+that
+<del class="diff-old">subject.
+A
+JSON
+object
+</del>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">a
+subject
+definition
+if
+it
+does
+not
+contain
+they
+keys
+@value
+,
+@list
+or
+@set
+and
+it
+has
+one
+or
+more
+keys
+other
+than
+@id
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">specific
+to
+JSON-LD,
+specified
+in
+the
+JSON-LD
+Syntax
+specification
+[
+</ins><cite>
+<del class="diff-old">subject
+reference
+</del>
+<a class="bibref" href="#bib-JSON-LD">
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+</ins></a>
+</cite>
+<ins class="diff-chg">]
+in
+the
+section
+titled
+</ins><cite>
+<del class="diff-old">A
+JSON
+object
+</del>
+<a href="../json-ld-syntax/#syntax-tokens-and-keywords">
+<ins class="diff-chg">Syntax
+Tokens
+and
+Keywords
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">used
+to
+reference
+a
+subject
+having
+only
+the
+@id
+key.
+</del>
+</cite>.
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<del class="diff-old">Linked
+Data
+</del>
+<dfn title="context" id="dfn-context">
+<ins class="diff-chg">context
+</ins>
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+A
+<del class="diff-old">set
+of
+documents,
+each
+containing
+</del>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">representation
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">set
+</ins>
+of
+<ins class="diff-new">rules
+for
+interpreting
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">linked
+data
+graph
+.
+linked
+data
+graph
+or
+dataset
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+document
+as
+specified
+in
+</ins><cite>
+<del class="diff-old">An
+unordered
+labeled
+directed
+graph,
+where
+node
+s
+are
+subject
+</del>
+<a href="../json-ld-syntax/#the-context">
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+Context
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">s
+or
+object
+</del>
+</cite>
+<ins class="diff-chg">of
+the
+[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-JSON-LD"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON-LD
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">s,
+and
+edges
+are
+properties.
+</del>
+</cite>
+<ins class="diff-chg">]
+specification.
+</ins>
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<del class="diff-old">node
+</del>
+<dfn title="json-ld-document" id="dfn-json-ld-document">
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+document
+</ins>
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+A
+<del class="diff-old">piece
+of
+information
+that
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-document" href="#dfn-json-ld-document">
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+document
+</ins></a>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">represented
+in
+</del>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">linked
+data
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">serialization
+of
+a
+collection
+of
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-graph" href="#dfn-json-ld-graph"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON-LD
+graphs
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+comprises
+exactly
+one
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-graph" href="#dfn-default-graph"><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+</ins>
+graph
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">and
+zero
+or
+more
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="named-graph" href="#dfn-named-graph"><ins class="diff-new">
+named
+graphs
+</ins>
+</a>.
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<dfn title="named-graph" id="dfn-named-graph">
+named
+graph
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+A
+<del class="diff-old">linked
+data
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">named
+</ins>
+graph
+<del class="diff-old">that
+has
+one
+or
+more
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+a
+pair
+consisting
+of
+an
+</ins>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">that
+are
+used
+to
+refer
+to
+it.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node" href="#dfn-blank-node"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+(the
+</ins><dfn title="graph-name" id="dfn-graph-name">
+graph
+name
+</dfn>
+<del class="diff-old">An
+IRI
+that
+is
+a
+reference
+to
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">)
+and
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">named
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-graph" href="#dfn-json-ld-graph">
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+</ins>
+graph
+</a>.
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<dfn title="default-graph" id="dfn-default-graph">
+default
+graph
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<del class="diff-old">When
+executing
+an
+algorithm,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+default
+graph
+is
+</ins>
+the
+<ins class="diff-new">only
+</ins>
+graph
+<del class="diff-old">where
+data
+should
+be
+placed
+if
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">in
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">named
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+document
+which
+has
+no
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="graph-name" href="#dfn-graph-name">
+graph
+<del class="diff-old">is
+not
+specified.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">name
+</ins></a>.
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<del class="diff-old">subject
+</del>
+<dfn title="json-ld-graph" id="dfn-json-ld-graph">
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+graph
+</ins>
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<del class="diff-old">Any
+node
+in
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">A
+labeled
+directed
+graph,
+i.e.,
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">linked
+data
+graph
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">set
+of
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node"><ins class="diff-chg">
+nodes
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">with
+at
+least
+one
+outgoing
+edge.
+IRI
+An
+Internationalized
+Resource
+Identifier
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">connected
+by
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="edge" href="#dfn-edge"><ins class="diff-chg">
+edges
+</ins></a>,
+as
+<del class="diff-old">described
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">specified
+</ins>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">[
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+</ins>
+<cite>
+<del class="diff-old">RFC3987
+</del>
+<a href="../json-ld-syntax/#data-model">
+<ins class="diff-chg">Data
+Model
+</ins>
+</a>
+</cite>
+<del class="diff-old">]).
+object
+A
+node
+in
+a
+linked
+data
+graph
+with
+at
+least
+one
+incoming
+edge.
+property
+An
+edge
+of
+the
+linked
+data
+graph
+.
+literal
+An
+object
+with
+a
+label
+that
+is
+not
+an
+IRI
+.
+quad
+A
+piece
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">section
+</ins>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">information
+that
+contains
+four
+items;
+a
+subject
+,
+a
+property
+,
+a
+object
+,
+and
+a
+graph
+name
+.
+context
+A
+JSON
+object
+that
+contains
+rules
+for
+interpreting
+a
+JSON-LD
+document.
+keyword
+A
+JSON
+key
+that
+is
+specific
+to
+JSON-LD,
+specified
+in
+</del>
+the
+JSON-LD
+<del class="diff-old">Syntax
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">syntax
+</ins>
+specification
+[
+<cite>
+<a class="bibref" href="#bib-JSON-LD">
+JSON-LD
+</a>
+</cite>
+<del class="diff-old">]
+in
+the
+section
+titled
+Syntax
+Tokens
+and
+Keywords
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">].
+</ins>
+</dd>
+<del class="diff-old">3.2
+JsonLdProcessor
+The
+JSON-LD
+Processor
+interface
+is
+the
+high-level
+programming
+structure
+that
+developers
+use
+to
+access
+the
+JSON-LD
+transformation
+methods.
+ ]
+interface {
+};
+3.2.1
+Methods
+</del>
+<dt>
+<del class="diff-old">compact
+</del>
+<dfn title="edge" id="dfn-edge">
+<ins class="diff-chg">edge
+</ins></dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<del class="diff-old">Compacts
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Every
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="edge" href="#dfn-edge"><ins class="diff-chg">
+edge
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">the
+given
+input
+using
+the
+context
+according
+to
+the
+steps
+in
+the
+Compaction
+Algorithm
+.
+The
+input
+must
+be
+copied,
+compacted
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">has
+a
+direction
+associated
+with
+it
+</ins>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">returned
+if
+there
+are
+no
+errors.
+If
+the
+compaction
+fails,
+an
+appropriate
+exception
+must
+be
+thrown.
+Parameter
+Type
+Nullable
+Optional
+Description
+input
+object
+or
+object[]
+or
+URL
+✘
+✘
+The
+JSON-LD
+object
+or
+array
+of
+JSON-LD
+objects
+to
+perform
+the
+compaction
+upon
+or
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+labeled
+with
+</ins>
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">referencing
+the
+JSON-LD
+document
+to
+compact.
+context
+object
+or
+URL
+✘
+✘
+The
+context
+to
+use
+when
+compacting
+the
+input
+;
+either
+in
+the
+form
+of
+an
+JSON
+object
+</del>
+or
+<del class="diff-old">as
+IRI
+.
+callback
+JsonLdCallback
+✘
+✘
+A
+callback
+that
+is
+called
+when
+processing
+is
+complete
+on
+the
+given
+input
+.
+options
+JsonLdOptions
+✘
+✔
+A
+set
+of
+options
+that
+may
+affect
+the
+expansion
+algorithm
+such
+as,
+e.g.,
+the
+input
+document's
+base
+IRI
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+identifier
+</ins>
+</a>.
+<del class="diff-old">This
+also
+includes
+optimize
+,
+which
+if
+set
+will
+cause
+processor-specific
+optimization.
+Return
+type:
+void
+expand
+Expands
+the
+given
+input
+according
+to
+the
+steps
+in
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Within
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">Expansion
+Algorithm
+.
+The
+input
+must
+be
+copied,
+expanded
+and
+returned
+if
+there
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+syntax
+these
+edge
+labels
+</ins>
+are
+<del class="diff-old">no
+errors.
+If
+the
+expansion
+fails,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">called
+</ins><dfn title="property" id="dfn-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+properties
+</ins></dfn>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Whenever
+possible,
+</ins>
+an
+<del class="diff-old">appropriate
+exception
+must
+be
+thrown.
+Parameter
+Type
+Nullable
+Optional
+Description
+input
+object
+or
+object[]
+or
+URL
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="edge" href="#dfn-edge">
+<ins class="diff-chg">edge
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">✘
+✘
+The
+JSON-LD
+object
+or
+array
+of
+JSON-LD
+objects
+to
+perform
+the
+expansion
+upon
+or
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">should
+be
+labeled
+with
+</ins>
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">referencing
+the
+JSON-LD
+document
+to
+expand.
+context
+object
+or
+URL
+✔
+✘
+An
+optional
+external
+context
+to
+use
+additionally
+to
+the
+context
+embedded
+in
+input
+when
+expanding
+the
+input
+.
+callback
+JsonLdCallback
+✘
+✘
+A
+callback
+that
+is
+called
+when
+processing
+is
+complete
+on
+the
+given
+input
+.
+options
+JsonLdOptions
+✘
+✔
+A
+set
+of
+options
+that
+may
+affect
+the
+expansion
+algorithm
+such
+as,
+e.g.,
+the
+input
+document's
+base
+IRI
+</del>
+</a>.
+<del class="diff-old">Return
+type:
+void
+</del>
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<del class="diff-old">fromRDF
+Creates
+a
+JSON-LD
+document
+given
+an
+set
+of
+Quads
+.
+Parameter
+Type
+Nullable
+Optional
+Description
+input
+Quad
+[]
+✘
+✘
+A
+dataset
+represented
+as
+an
+array
+of
+Quads
+.
+callback
+JsonLdCallback
+✘
+✘
+A
+callback
+that
+is
+called
+when
+processing
+is
+complete
+on
+the
+given
+input
+.
+options
+JsonLdOptions
+✘
+✔
+A
+set
+of
+options
+that
+will
+affect
+the
+algorithm.
+This
+includes
+notType
+,
+which
+if
+set
+to
+true
+causes
+the
+resulting
+document
+to
+use
+rdf:type
+as
+a
+property,
+instead
+of
+@type
+.
+Return
+type:
+void
+toRDF
+</del>
+<dfn title="node" id="dfn-node">
+<ins class="diff-chg">node
+</ins></dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<del class="diff-old">Processes
+the
+input
+according
+to
+the
+Convert
+to
+RDF
+Algorithm
+,
+calling
+the
+provided
+callback
+for
+each
+Quad
+generated.
+Parameter
+Type
+Nullable
+Optional
+Description
+input
+object
+or
+object[]
+or
+URL
+✘
+✘
+The
+JSON-LD
+object
+or
+array
+of
+JSON-LD
+objects
+to
+convert
+to
+RDF
+or
+a
+URL
+referencing
+the
+JSON-LD
+document
+to
+convert
+to
+RDF.
+callback
+QuadCallback
+✘
+✘
+A
+callback
+that
+is
+called
+when
+a
+Quad
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Every
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node"><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+</ins>
+</a>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">created
+from
+processing
+the
+given
+input
+.
+options
+JsonLdOptions
+✘
+✔
+A
+set
+of
+options
+that
+may
+affect
+the
+conversion
+to
+RDF
+such
+as,
+e.g.,
+the
+input
+document's
+base
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+</ins>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">.
+Return
+type:
+void
+3.3
+Callbacks
+3.3.1
+JsonLdCallback
+The
+JsonLdCallback
+is
+used
+to
+return
+</del>
+</a>,
+a
+<del class="diff-old">processed
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node" href="#dfn-blank-node">
+<ins class="diff-chg">blank
+node
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-value" href="#dfn-json-ld-value">
+JSON-LD
+<del class="diff-old">representation
+as
+the
+result
+of
+processing
+an
+API
+method.
+ ]
+interface {
+};
+3.3.1.1
+Methods
+jsonLd
+This
+callback
+is
+invoked
+when
+processing
+is
+complete.
+Parameter
+Type
+Nullable
+Optional
+Description
+jsonld
+object
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+</ins></a>,
+or
+<del class="diff-old">object
+[]
+✘
+✘
+The
+processed
+JSON-LD
+document.
+Return
+type:
+void
+3.3.2
+QuadCallback
+The
+QuadCallback
+is
+called
+whenever
+the
+processor
+generates
+a
+quad
+during
+the
+quad()
+call.
+ ]
+interface {
+};
+3.3.2.1
+Methods
+quad
+This
+callback
+is
+invoked
+whenever
+</del>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">quad
+is
+generated
+by
+the
+processor.
+Parameter
+Type
+Nullable
+Optional
+Description
+quad
+Quad
+✘
+✘
+The
+quad.
+Return
+type:
+void
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list" href="#dfn-list">
+<ins class="diff-chg">list
+</ins></a>.
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<del class="diff-old">3.4
+Data
+Structures
+This
+section
+describes
+datatype
+definitions
+used
+within
+the
+JSON-LD
+API.
+3.4.1
+URL
+The
+URL
+datatype
+is
+a
+string
+representation
+of
+an
+</del>
+<dfn title="iri" id="dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">.
+typedef
+DOMString
+URL
+;
+</del>
+</dfn>
+<del class="diff-old">This
+datatype
+indicates
+that
+the
+</del>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<ins class="diff-chg">An
+</ins>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">is
+interpreted
+as
+a
+Universal
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">(Internationalized
+</ins>
+Resource
+<del class="diff-old">Locator
+identifying
+a
+document,
+which
+when
+parsed
+as
+JSON
+yields
+either
+a
+JSON
+object
+or
+array
+.
+3.4.2
+JsonLdOptions
+The
+JsonLdOptions
+type
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Identifier)
+</ins>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">used
+to
+convert
+</del>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">set
+of
+options
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">string
+that
+conforms
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">an
+interface
+method.
+typedef
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+syntax
+defined
+in
+[
+</ins><cite>
+<del class="diff-old">object
+</del>
+<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3987">
+<ins class="diff-chg">RFC3987
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">JsonLdOptions
+;
+</del>
+</cite>
+<ins class="diff-chg">].
+</ins></dd>
+<dt>
+<del class="diff-old">URL
+base
+The
+Base
+</del>
+<dfn title="absolute-iri" id="dfn-absolute-iri">
+<ins class="diff-chg">absolute
+</ins>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">to
+use
+when
+expanding
+the
+document.
+This
+overrides
+the
+value
+of
+input
+if
+it
+is
+a
+</del>
+<del class="diff-old">URL
+</del>
+</dfn>
+<del class="diff-old">or
+if
+it
+is
+a
+object
+or
+object[]
+.
+boolean
+optimize
+</del>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<del class="diff-old">If
+set
+to
+true
+,
+the
+JSON-LD
+processor
+is
+allowed
+to
+optimize
+the
+output
+of
+the
+Compaction
+Algorithm
+to
+produce
+even
+compacter
+representations.
+The
+algorithm
+for
+compaction
+optimization
+is
+beyond
+the
+scope
+of
+this
+specification
+and
+thus
+not
+defined.
+Consequently,
+different
+implementations
+may
+implement
+different
+optimization
+algorithms.
+boolean
+noType
+If
+set
+to
+true
+,
+the
+JSON-LD
+processor
+will
+not
+use
+the
+@type
+property
+when
+generating
+the
+output,
+and
+will
+use
+the
+expanded
+rdf:type
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">An
+absolute
+</ins>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">as
+the
+property
+instead
+of
+@type
+.
+The
+following
+data
+structures
+are
+used
+for
+representing
+data
+about
+RDF
+quads.
+They
+are
+used
+for
+normalization,
+fromRDF
+,
+and
+from
+toRDF
+interfaces.
+3.4.3
+Quad
+The
+Quad
+interface
+represents
+an
+RDF
+Quad.
+See
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+defined
+in
+</ins>
+[
+<cite>
+<del class="diff-old">RDF-CONCEPTS
+</del>
+<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3987">
+<ins class="diff-chg">RFC3987
+</ins>
+</a>
+</cite>
+]
+<del class="diff-old">definition
+for
+RDF
+triple
+,
+which
+most
+closely
+aligns
+to
+Quad
+.
+ ]
+interface {
+};
+3.4.3.1
+Attributes
+graphName
+of
+type
+Node
+,
+readonly,
+nullable
+If
+present,
+the
+name
+associated
+with
+the
+Quad
+identifying
+it
+as
+a
+member
+of
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">containing
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">named
+graph
+.
+If
+it
+is
+missing,
+the
+quad
+is
+</del>
+<em>
+<ins class="diff-chg">scheme
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+along
+with
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">member
+of
+the
+default
+graph
+.
+Issue
+4
+This
+element
+is
+at
+risk,
+</del>
+<em>
+<ins class="diff-chg">path
+</ins></em>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">may
+be
+removed.
+object
+of
+type
+Node
+,
+readonly
+The
+object
+associated
+with
+the
+Quad
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">optional
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+query
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+fragment
+segments.
+</ins>
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<del class="diff-old">predicate
+of
+type
+Node
+,
+readonly
+The
+predicate
+associated
+with
+the
+Quad
+</del>
+<dfn title="relative-iri" id="dfn-relative-iri">
+<ins class="diff-chg">relative
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">.
+Within
+JSON-LD,
+an
+RDF
+predicate
+</del>
+</dfn>
+<del class="diff-old">is
+refered
+to
+as
+a
+property
+</del>
+<del class="diff-old">subject
+of
+type
+Node
+,
+readonly
+</del>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<del class="diff-old">The
+subject
+associated
+with
+the
+Quad
+.
+3.4.4
+Node
+Node
+is
+the
+base
+class
+of
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">A
+relative
+</ins>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">,
+BlankNode
+,
+and
+Literal
+.
+It
+</del>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">the
+IDL
+representation
+of
+a
+linked
+data
+graph
+node
+.
+ ]
+interface {
+};
+3.4.5
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+</ins>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">A
+node
+</del>
+that
+is
+<del class="diff-old">an
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">relative
+some
+other
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+absolute
+</ins>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">.
+ ]
+interface {
+};
+3.4.5.1
+Attributes
+value
+of
+type
+DOMString
+</del>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">,
+readonly
+The
+IRI
+identifier
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">;
+in
+the
+case
+</ins>
+of
+<ins class="diff-new">JSON-LD
+this
+is
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">node
+as
+a
+[
+UNICODE
+]
+string.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">base
+location
+of
+the
+document.
+</ins>
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<del class="diff-old">3.4.6
+Blank
+Node
+</del>
+<dfn title="blank-node" id="dfn-blank-node">
+<ins class="diff-chg">blank
+node
+</ins>
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+A
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">
+node
+</a>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">the
+linked
+data
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-graph" href="#dfn-json-ld-graph"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON-LD
+</ins>
+graph
+</a>
+that
+does
+not
+contain
+a
+<del class="diff-old">de-reference-able
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">de-referenceable
+</ins>
+identifier
+because
+it
+is
+either
+ephemeral
+in
+nature
+or
+does
+not
+contain
+information
+that
+needs
+to
+be
+linked
+to
+from
+outside
+of
+the
+<del class="diff-old">linked
+data
+graph
+.
+A
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+graph.
+</ins></dd><dt><dfn title="blank-node-identifier" id="dfn-blank-node-identifier">
+blank
+node
+<del class="diff-old">is
+assigned
+an
+identifier
+starting
+with
+the
+prefix
+_:
+and
+an
+implementation
+dependent,
+auto-generated
+suffix
+that
+is
+unique
+to
+all
+information
+associated
+with
+the
+particular
+blank
+node.
+ ]
+interface {
+};
+3.4.6.1
+Attributes
+</del>
+identifier
+<del class="diff-old">of
+type
+DOMString
+</del>
+</dfn>
+<del class="diff-old">,
+readonly
+</del>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<del class="diff-old">The
+temporary
+identifier
+of
+the
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">A
+</ins>
+blank
+node
+<del class="diff-old">.
+The
+</del>
+identifier
+<del class="diff-old">must
+not
+be
+relied
+upon
+in
+any
+way
+between
+two
+separate
+processing
+runs
+of
+the
+same
+document
+or
+with
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">different
+document.
+Note
+Developers
+and
+authors
+must
+not
+assume
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">string
+</ins>
+that
+<del class="diff-old">the
+value
+of
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">can
+be
+used
+as
+an
+identifier
+for
+</ins>
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node" href="#dfn-blank-node">
+blank
+node
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">will
+remain
+the
+same
+between
+two
+processing
+runs.
+BlankNode
+values
+are
+only
+valid
+for
+the
+most
+recent
+processing
+run
+on
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">within
+</ins>
+the
+<ins class="diff-new">scope
+of
+a
+JSON-LD
+</ins>
+document.
+<ins class="diff-chg">Blank
+node
+identifiers
+begin
+with
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">BlankNode
+values
+will
+often
+be
+generated
+differently
+by
+different
+processors.
+Note
+Implementers
+must
+ensure
+that
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">_:
+</ins></code>.</dd><dt>
+<del class="diff-old">BlankNode
+</del>
+<dfn title="json-ld-value" id="dfn-json-ld-value">
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+value
+</ins></dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<ins class="diff-new">A
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-value" href="#dfn-json-ld-value"><ins class="diff-new">
+JSON-LD
+value
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">values
+are
+unique
+within
+the
+current
+environment,
+two
+BlankNodes
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-chg">
+string
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number"><ins class="diff-chg">
+number
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">are
+considered
+equal
+if,
+and
+only
+if,
+their
+values
+are
+strictly
+equal.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false"><ins class="diff-chg">
+false
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed-value" href="#dfn-typed-value"><ins class="diff-chg">
+typed
+value
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-tagged-string" href="#dfn-language-tagged-string"><ins class="diff-chg">
+language-tagged
+string
+</ins></a>.</dd><dt>
+<dfn title="typed-value" id="dfn-typed-value">
+<ins class="diff-chg">typed
+value
+</ins></dfn>
+<del class="diff-old">3.4.7
+Literal
+Literals
+represent
+values
+such
+as
+numbers,
+dates
+and
+strings
+in
+RDF
+data.
+</del>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+A
+<del class="diff-old">Literal
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed-value" href="#dfn-typed-value">
+<ins class="diff-chg">typed
+value
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">is
+comprised
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">consists
+</ins>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">three
+attributes:
+</del>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">lexical
+form
+of
+the
+value
+an
+optional
+language
+tag
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value,
+which
+is
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">datatype
+specified
+by
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">string,
+and
+a
+type,
+which
+is
+</ins>
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>.
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<dfn title="language-tagged-string" id="dfn-language-tagged-string">
+<ins class="diff-chg">language-tagged
+string
+</ins></dfn>
+<del class="diff-old">Literals
+representing
+plain
+text
+in
+</del>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<ins class="diff-chg">A
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-tagged-string" href="#dfn-language-tagged-string"><ins class="diff-chg">
+language-tagged
+string
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+consists
+of
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">natural
+language
+may
+have
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">string
+and
+</ins>
+a
+<ins class="diff-chg">non-empty
+</ins>
+language
+tag
+<del class="diff-old">specified
+by
+a
+string
+token,
+</del>
+as
+<del class="diff-old">specified
+in
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">defined
+by
+</ins>
+[
+<cite>
+<a class="bibref" href="#bib-BCP47">
+BCP47
+</a>
+</cite>
+<del class="diff-old">],
+normalized
+to
+lowercase
+(e.g.,
+'en'
+,
+'fr'
+,
+'en-gb'
+).
+They
+also
+have
+a
+datatype
+attribute
+such
+as
+xsd:string
+.
+If
+unspecified,
+the
+datatype
+defaults
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">].
+The
+language
+tag
+must
+be
+well-formed
+according
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">xsd:string
+.
+Literals
+representing
+values
+with
+a
+specific
+datatype,
+such
+as
+the
+integer
+72,
+may
+have
+a
+datatype
+attribute
+specified
+in
+the
+form
+of
+a
+IRI
+(e.g.,
+xsd:integer
+).
+See[
+RDF-CONCEPTS
+]
+definition
+for
+literal
+</del>
+<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47#section-2.2.9">
+<ins class="diff-chg">section
+2.2.9
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">.
+ ]
+interface {
+};
+3.4.7.1
+Attributes
+datatype
+</del>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">type
+IRI
+,
+readonly,
+nullable
+An
+optional
+datatype
+identified
+by
+a
+IRI
+.
+language
+of
+type
+DOMString
+,
+readonly,
+nullable
+An
+optional
+language
+tag
+as
+defined
+in
+</del>
+[
+<cite>
+<a class="bibref" href="#bib-BCP47">
+BCP47
+</a>
+</cite>
+],
+<ins class="diff-new">and
+is
+</ins>
+normalized
+to
+lowercase.
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<del class="diff-old">value
+of
+type
+DOMString
+</del>
+<dfn title="list" id="dfn-list">
+<ins class="diff-chg">list
+</ins></dfn>
+<del class="diff-old">,
+readonly
+</del>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<del class="diff-old">The
+lexical
+form
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">A
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="list" href="#dfn-list"><ins class="diff-chg">
+list
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+an
+ordered
+sequence
+</ins>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">the
+Literal's
+value.
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<ins class="diff-chg">IRIs
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node" href="#dfn-blank-node"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+nodes
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-value" href="#dfn-json-ld-value"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON-LD
+values
+</ins></a>.
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</section>
+<section id="algorithm-terms">
+<h2>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.
+Algorithms
+All
+algorithms
+described
+in
+this
+section
+are
+intended
+to
+operate
+on
+language-native
+data
+structures.
+That
+is,
+the
+serialization
+to
+a
+text-based
+JSON
+document
+isn't
+required
+as
+input
+or
+output
+to
+any
+of
+these
+algorithms
+and
+language-native
+data
+structures
+must
+be
+used
+where
+applicable.
+4.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">5.
+</ins>
+</span>
+Algorithm
+Terms
+</h2>
+<dl>
+<dt>
+<del class="diff-old">initial
+context
+</del>
+<dfn title="active-graph" id="dfn-active-graph">
+<ins class="diff-chg">active
+graph
+</ins>
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<del class="diff-old">a
+context
+that
+is
+specified
+to
+the
+algorithm
+before
+processing
+begins.
+</del>
+The
+<del class="diff-old">contents
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">name
+</ins>
+of
+the
+<del class="diff-old">initial
+context
+is
+defined
+in
+Appendix
+A
+.
+active
+subject
+the
+</del>
+currently
+active
+<del class="diff-old">subject
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">graph
+</ins>
+that
+the
+processor
+should
+use
+when
+processing.
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<dfn title="active-subject" id="dfn-active-subject">
+active
+<del class="diff-old">property
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">subject
+</ins>
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<del class="diff-old">the
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+</ins>
+currently
+active
+<del class="diff-old">property
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">subject
+</ins>
+that
+the
+processor
+should
+use
+when
+processing.
+<del class="diff-old">The
+active
+property
+is
+represented
+in
+the
+original
+lexical
+form,
+which
+is
+used
+for
+finding
+coercion
+mappings
+in
+the
+active
+context
+.
+</del>
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<dfn title="active-property" id="dfn-active-property">
+active
+<del class="diff-old">object
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">property
+</ins>
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<del class="diff-old">the
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+</ins>
+currently
+active
+<del class="diff-old">object
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="property" href="#dfn-property">
+<ins class="diff-chg">property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword"><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword
+</ins></a>
+that
+the
+processor
+should
+use
+when
+processing.
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<dfn title="active-context" id="dfn-active-context">
+active
+context
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<del class="diff-old">a
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">A
+</ins>
+context
+that
+is
+used
+to
+resolve
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
+<del class="diff-old">term
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">terms
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">s
+</del>
+while
+the
+processing
+algorithm
+is
+running.
+<del class="diff-old">The
+active
+</del>
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<dfn title="local-context" id="dfn-local-context">
+<ins class="diff-chg">local
+</ins>
+context
+<del class="diff-old">is
+the
+</del>
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<ins class="diff-chg">A
+</ins>
+context
+<del class="diff-old">contained
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">that
+is
+specified
+</ins>
+within
+<ins class="diff-new">a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+specified
+via
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">processor
+state
+</del>
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@context
+</ins></code><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword"><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword
+</ins>
+</a>.
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<dfn title="json-ld-input" id="dfn-json-ld-input">
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+input
+</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+JSON-LD
+data
+structure
+that
+is
+provided
+as
+input
+to
+the
+algorithm.
+</ins></dd><dt><dfn title="term" id="dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+a
+short
+word
+defined
+in
+a
+context
+that
+may
+be
+expanded
+to
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a></dd><dt><dfn title="compact-iri" id="dfn-compact-iri">
+compact
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<del class="diff-old">a
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">A
+</ins>
+compact
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+is
+has
+the
+form
+of
+<dfn title="prefix" id="dfn-prefix">
+prefix
+<del class="diff-old">and
+</del>
+</dfn>:
+<em>
+suffix
+</em>
+and
+is
+used
+as
+a
+way
+of
+expressing
+an
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+without
+needing
+to
+define
+separate
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
+term
+</a>
+definitions
+for
+each
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+contained
+within
+a
+common
+vocabulary
+identified
+by
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">
+prefix
+</a>.
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<del class="diff-old">local
+context
+</del>
+<dfn title="node-object" id="dfn-node-object">
+<ins class="diff-chg">node
+object
+</ins>
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<ins class="diff-new">A
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+node
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+represents
+zero
+or
+more
+properties
+of
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">context
+that
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">
+<ins class="diff-chg">node
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-graph" href="#dfn-json-ld-graph"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON-LD
+graph
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+serialized
+by
+the
+JSON-LD
+document.
+A
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">specified
+within
+</del>
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">
+<ins class="diff-chg">node
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+if
+it
+exists
+outside
+of
+the
+JSON-LD
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and:
+</ins><ul><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+it
+does
+not
+contain
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@value
+</ins></code>,<code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@list
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@set
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+keywords,
+or
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+it
+is
+not
+the
+top-most
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+JSON
+object
+<del class="diff-old">,
+specified
+via
+</del>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">in
+</ins>
+the
+<ins class="diff-new">JSON-LD
+document
+consisting
+of
+no
+other
+members
+than
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@context
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@graph
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">keyword
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">and
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@context
+</ins></code>.</li></ul>
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<del class="diff-old">processor
+state
+</del>
+<dfn title="value-object" id="dfn-value-object">
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+object
+</ins>
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<del class="diff-old">the
+processor
+state
+,
+which
+includes
+the
+active
+context
+,
+active
+subject
+,
+and
+active
+property
+.
+The
+processor
+state
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">A
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+object
+</ins>
+</a>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">managed
+as
+</del>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">stack
+with
+elements
+from
+the
+previous
+processor
+state
+copied
+into
+a
+new
+processor
+state
+when
+entering
+a
+new
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+JSON
+object
+<del class="diff-old">.
+</del>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">that
+has
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@value
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member.
+</ins>
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<del class="diff-old">JSON-LD
+input
+</del>
+<dfn title="list-object" id="dfn-list-object">
+<ins class="diff-chg">list
+object
+</ins>
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<del class="diff-old">The
+JSON-LD
+data
+structure
+that
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">A
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+list
+object
+</ins></a>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">provided
+as
+input
+to
+the
+algorithm.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+that
+has
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@list
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member.
+</ins>
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<del class="diff-old">JSON-LD
+output
+</del>
+<dfn title="set-object" id="dfn-set-object">
+<ins class="diff-chg">set
+object
+</ins>
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<del class="diff-old">The
+JSON-LD
+data
+structure
+that
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">A
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="set-object" href="#dfn-set-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+object
+</ins></a>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">produced
+as
+output
+by
+the
+algorithm.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+that
+has
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@set
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member.
+</ins>
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<del class="diff-old">term
+</del>
+<dfn title="scalar" id="dfn-scalar">
+<ins class="diff-chg">scalar
+</ins>
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+A
+<del class="diff-old">term
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">scalar
+</ins>
+is
+<ins class="diff-new">either
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">short
+word
+defined
+in
+a
+context
+that
+may
+be
+expanded
+to
+an
+IRI
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-chg">
+string
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number"><ins class="diff-chg">
+number
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false"><ins class="diff-chg">
+false
+</ins></a>.
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<del class="diff-old">prefix
+</del>
+<dfn title="rdf-subject" id="dfn-rdf-subject">
+<ins class="diff-chg">RDF
+subject
+</ins>
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+A
+<del class="diff-old">prefix
+is
+a
+term
+</del>
+<a class="tref externalDFN" title="subject" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-subject">
+<ins class="diff-chg">subject
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">that
+expands
+to
+a
+vocabulary
+base
+IRI
+.
+It
+is
+typically
+used
+along
+with
+a
+suffix
+to
+form
+a
+compact
+IRI
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">as
+specified
+by
+[
+</ins><cite>
+<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF11-CONCEPTS">
+<ins class="diff-new">RDF11-CONCEPTS
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">to
+create
+an
+IRI
+within
+a
+vocabulary.
+</del>
+</cite>
+<ins class="diff-chg">].
+</ins>
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<del class="diff-old">language-tagged
+literal
+</del>
+<dfn title="rdf-predicate" id="dfn-rdf-predicate">
+<ins class="diff-chg">RDF
+predicate
+</ins>
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+A
+<del class="diff-old">language-tagged
+literal
+is
+a
+literal
+</del>
+<a class="tref externalDFN" title="predicate" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-predicate">
+<ins class="diff-chg">predicate
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">without
+a
+datatype,
+including
+a
+language.
+See
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">as
+specified
+by
+[
+</ins>
+<cite>
+<del class="diff-old">literal
+</del>
+<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF11-CONCEPTS">
+<ins class="diff-chg">RDF11-CONCEPTS
+</ins>
+</a>
+</cite>
+<del class="diff-old">in
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">].
+</ins></dd><dt><dfn title="rdf-object" id="dfn-rdf-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RDF
+object
+</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+</ins><a class="tref externalDFN" title="object" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+as
+specified
+by
+</ins>
+[
+<cite>
+<del class="diff-old">RDF-CONCEPTS
+</del>
+<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF11-CONCEPTS">
+<ins class="diff-chg">RDF11-CONCEPTS
+</ins>
+</a>
+</cite>
+].
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<del class="diff-old">typed
+literal
+</del>
+<dfn title="rdf-triple" id="dfn-rdf-triple">
+<ins class="diff-chg">RDF
+triple
+</ins>
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+A
+<del class="diff-old">typed
+literal
+is
+a
+literal
+with
+an
+associated
+IRI
+</del>
+<a class="tref externalDFN" title="triple" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-triple">
+<ins class="diff-chg">triple
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">which
+indicates
+the
+literal's
+datatype.
+See
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">as
+specified
+by
+[
+</ins>
+<cite>
+<del class="diff-old">language-tagged
+string
+</del>
+<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF11-CONCEPTS">
+<ins class="diff-chg">RDF11-CONCEPTS
+</ins>
+</a>
+</cite>
+<del class="diff-old">in
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">].
+</ins></dd><dt><dfn title="rdf-dataset" id="dfn-rdf-dataset"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RDF
+dataset
+</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+</ins><a class="tref externalDFN" title="dataset" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-dataset"><ins class="diff-chg">
+dataset
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+as
+specified
+by
+</ins>
+[
+<cite>
+<del class="diff-old">RDF-CONCEPTS
+</del>
+<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF11-CONCEPTS">
+<ins class="diff-chg">RDF11-CONCEPTS
+</ins>
+</a>
+</cite>
+<del class="diff-old">].
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">]
+representing
+a
+collection
+of
+</ins><a class="tref externalDFN" title="rdf-graphs" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-graph"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RDF
+graphs
+</ins></a>.
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</section>
+<section id="context-processing-algorithms">
+<h2>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">6.
+</ins>
+</span>
+Context
+Processing
+<ins class="diff-new">Algorithms
+</ins></h2><section id="context-processing-algorithm"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+6.1
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
+Context
+Processing
+Algorithm
+</ins>
+</h3>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">Processing
+of
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">When
+processing
+a
+</ins>
+JSON-LD
+data
+<del class="diff-old">structure
+is
+managed
+recursively.
+During
+processing,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">structure,
+</ins>
+each
+<ins class="diff-new">processing
+</ins>
+rule
+is
+applied
+using
+information
+provided
+by
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+active
+context
+</a>.
+<del class="diff-old">Processing
+begins
+by
+pushing
+a
+new
+processor
+state
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">This
+section
+describes
+how
+to
+produce
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>.</p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">onto
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">contains
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">processor
+state
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">active
+</ins><dfn title="term-definition" id="dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definitions
+</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-chg">
+which
+specify
+how
+properties
+and
+values
+have
+to
+be
+interpreted
+as
+well
+as
+the
+current
+</ins><dfn title="base-iri" id="dfn-base-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+base
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></dfn>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+</ins><dfn title="vocabulary-mapping" id="dfn-vocabulary-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+vocabulary
+mapping
+</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+the
+</ins><dfn title="default-language" id="dfn-default-language"><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+language
+</ins></dfn>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Each
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">stack
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">consists
+of
+an
+</ins><dfn title="iri-mapping" id="dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+mapping
+</ins></dfn>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+a
+boolean
+flag
+</ins><dfn title="reverse-property" id="dfn-reverse-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+reverse
+property
+</ins></dfn>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+an
+optional
+</ins><dfn title="type-mapping" id="dfn-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+mapping
+</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><dfn title="language-mapping" id="dfn-language-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+mapping
+</ins></dfn>,
+and
+<del class="diff-old">initializing
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+optional
+</ins><dfn title="container-mapping" id="dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+mapping
+</ins></dfn>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+can
+not
+only
+be
+used
+to
+map
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+an
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+but
+also
+to
+map
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword"><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+which
+case
+it
+is
+referred
+to
+as
+a
+</ins><dfn title="keyword-alias" id="dfn-keyword-alias"><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword
+alias
+</ins></dfn>.</p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+When
+processing,
+</ins>
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+active
+context
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">with
+the
+initial
+context
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+initialized
+without
+any
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definitions
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+vocabulary
+mapping
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language"><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+language
+</ins>
+</a>.
+If
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
+local
+context
+</a>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">encountered,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">encountered
+during
+processing,
+a
+new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+created
+by
+cloning
+the
+existing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Then
+the
+</ins>
+information
+from
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
+local
+context
+</a>
+is
+merged
+into
+the
+<ins class="diff-chg">new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+active
+context
+</a>.
+<ins class="diff-new">Given
+that
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+local
+contexts
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+may
+contain
+references
+to
+remote
+contexts,
+this
+includes
+their
+retrieval.
+</ins>
+</p>
+<section class="informative">
+<h4 id="general-solution">
+<ins class="diff-new">General
+Solution
+</ins></h4>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">The
+</del>
+<em>
+<ins class="diff-chg">This
+section
+is
+non-normative.
+</ins></em></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+First
+we
+prepare
+a
+new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+active
+context
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">is
+used
+for
+expanding
+properties
+and
+values
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+by
+cloning
+the
+current
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Then
+we
+normalize
+the
+form
+the
+passed
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a>.<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Local
+contexts
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+may
+be
+in
+the
+form
+</ins>
+of
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+JSON
+object
+<del class="diff-old">(or
+elements
+of
+</del>
+</a>,
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-chg">
+string
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins>
+an
+<del class="diff-old">array)
+using
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
+<ins class="diff-chg">array
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+containing
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">term
+mapping
+.
+It
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">combination
+of
+the
+two.
+Finally
+we
+process
+each
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+contained
+in
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+as
+follows.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></a>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">also
+used
+to
+maintain
+coercion
+mapping
+s
+from
+terms
+to
+datatypes,
+language
+mapping
+s
+from
+terms
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-chg">
+string
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+it
+represents
+a
+reference
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">language
+codes,
+and
+list
+mapping
+s
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+remote
+context.
+We
+dereference
+the
+remote
+context
+</ins>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">set
+mapping
+s
+for
+terms.
+Processors
+must
+use
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">replace
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+with
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">lexical
+form
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+</ins>
+of
+the
+<del class="diff-old">property
+when
+creating
+a
+mapping,
+as
+lookup
+</del>
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@context
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key
+of
+the
+top-level
+object
+in
+the
+retrieved
+JSON-LD
+document.
+If
+there's
+no
+such
+key,
+an
+invalid
+remote
+context
+has
+been
+detected.
+Otherwise,
+we
+process
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+by
+recursively
+using
+this
+algorithm
+ensuring
+that
+there
+</ins>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">performed
+on
+lexical
+forms,
+not
+expanded
+IRI
+representations.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">no
+cyclical
+reference.
+</ins>
+</p>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">A
+local
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
+context
+</a>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">identified
+within
+</del>
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+JSON
+object
+</a>,
+<ins class="diff-new">we
+first
+update
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
+base
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+vocabulary
+mapping
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+and
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language"><ins class="diff-new">
+default
+language
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">having
+a
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">by
+processing
+three
+specific
+keywords:
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@context
+property
+with
+a
+string
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@base
+</ins></code>,<code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@vocab
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@language
+</ins></code>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+These
+are
+handled
+before
+any
+other
+keys
+in
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+because
+they
+affect
+how
+the
+other
+keys
+are
+processed.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+Then,
+for
+every
+other
+key
+in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins>
+</a>,
+<del class="diff-old">array
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">we
+update
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">or
+a
+JSON
+object
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Since
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definitions
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">value.
+When
+processing
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">in
+</ins>
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
+local
+context
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">may
+themselves
+contain
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-new">
+terms
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
+compact
+IRIs
+</ins>
+</a>,
+<del class="diff-old">special
+processing
+rules
+apply:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">we
+may
+need
+to
+recurse.
+When
+doing
+so,
+we
+must
+ensure
+that
+there
+is
+no
+cyclical
+dependency,
+which
+is
+an
+error.
+After
+we
+have
+processed
+any
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+dependencies,
+we
+update
+the
+current
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+which
+may
+be
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword-alias" href="#dfn-keyword-alias"><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword
+alias
+</ins></a>.
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">Create
+</del>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Finally,
+we
+return
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+as
+the
+new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>.</p></section><section><h4 id="algorithm"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Algorithm
+</ins></h4><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+This
+algorithm
+specifies
+how
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">new,
+empty
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+updated
+with
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
+local
+context
+</a>.
+<del class="diff-old">Let
+context
+be
+the
+value
+of
+@context
+If
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+algorithm
+takes
+three
+input
+variables:
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+</ins>
+context
+<del class="diff-old">equals
+null
+</del>
+</a>,
+<del class="diff-old">reset
+the
+active
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+</ins>
+context
+</a>,
+<ins class="diff-new">and
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-new">
+array
+</ins>
+</a>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">remote
+contexts
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+which
+is
+used
+to
+detect
+cyclical
+context
+inclusions.
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+remote
+contexts
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+not
+passed,
+it
+is
+initialized
+to
+an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-new">
+array
+</ins></a>.</p><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+result
+</ins></i>
+to
+the
+<del class="diff-old">initial
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+of
+cloning
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+</ins>
+context
+</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+If
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
+<ins class="diff-chg">local
+</ins>
+context
+</a>
+is
+<ins class="diff-new">not
+</ins>
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
+array
+</a>,
+<del class="diff-old">process
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">set
+it
+to
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+containing
+only
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+For
+</ins>
+each
+<del class="diff-old">element
+as
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">item
+</ins><i>
+context
+</i>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">order
+by
+starting
+at
+Step
+2.1
+.
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
+<ins class="diff-chg">local
+context
+</ins></a>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+a
+newly-initialized
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+continue
+with
+the
+next
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+If
+<i>
+context
+</i>
+is
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
+string
+</a>,
+<del class="diff-old">it
+must
+have
+</del>
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+result
+of
+resolving
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+against
+the
+base
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+which
+is
+established
+as
+specified
+in
+</ins><cite><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-5.1"><ins class="diff-chg">
+section
+5.1
+Establishing
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">lexical
+form
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Base
+URI
+</ins></a></cite>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">absolute
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3986"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RFC3986
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
+].
+Only
+the
+basic
+algorithm
+in
+</ins><cite><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-5.2"><ins class="diff-chg">
+section
+5.2
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3986"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RFC3986
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
+]
+is
+used;
+neither
+</ins><cite><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-6.2.2"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Syntax-Based
+Normalization
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
+nor
+</ins><cite><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-6.2.3"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Scheme-Based
+Normalization
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
+are
+performed.
+Characters
+additionally
+allowed
+in
+</ins>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<ins class="diff-new">references
+are
+treated
+in
+the
+same
+way
+that
+unreserved
+characters
+are
+treated
+in
+URI
+references,
+per
+</ins><cite><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3987#section-6.5"><ins class="diff-new">
+section
+6.5
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-new">
+of
+[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3987"><ins class="diff-new">
+RFC3987
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-new">
+].
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+context
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+in
+the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+remote
+contexts
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+array,
+a
+</ins><code class="error">
+<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.recursive-context-inclusion">
+<ins class="diff-new">recursive
+context
+inclusion
+</ins></a></code><ins class="diff-new">
+error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted;
+otherwise,
+add
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+context
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+remote
+contexts
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+context
+no
+base
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+the
+result
+of
+cloning
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context
+</ins>
+</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Dereference
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Remove
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+base
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+</ins><i>
+context
+<del class="diff-old">.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">no
+base
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-new">Dereference
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+context
+</ins></i>.
+If
+the
+<del class="diff-old">resulting
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">dereferenced
+</ins>
+document
+<del class="diff-old">is
+a
+JSON
+document,
+extract
+the
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">has
+no
+</ins>
+top-level
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+<ins class="diff-new">JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+with
+an
+</ins>
+<code>
+@context
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">element
+using
+the
+JSON
+Pointer
+"/@context"
+as
+described
+in
+[
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member,
+an
+</ins><code class="error">
+<del class="diff-old">JSON-POINTER
+</del>
+<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-remote-context">
+<ins class="diff-chg">invalid
+remote
+context
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">].
+</del>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted;
+otherwise,
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+value
+of
+that
+member.
+</ins></li><li>
+Set
+<i>
+context
+</i>
+to
+the
+<del class="diff-old">extracted
+content
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+of
+recursively
+calling
+this
+algorithm,
+passing
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+no
+base
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<i><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a>,
+and
+<del class="diff-old">process
+it
+by
+starting
+at
+Step
+2.1
+.
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">remote
+contexts
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+no
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+base
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+but
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+does,
+set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+base
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+one
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Overwrite
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+with
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+continue
+with
+the
+next
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+<li>
+If
+<i>
+context
+</i>
+is
+<ins class="diff-new">not
+</ins>
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+JSON
+object
+</a>,
+<del class="diff-old">perform
+the
+following
+steps:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-local-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+local
+context
+</ins></a></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+</ins></li>
+<li>
+If
+<i>
+context
+</i>
+has
+<del class="diff-old">a
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@language
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@base
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">property,
+it
+must
+have
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key:
+</ins><div class="issue"><div class="issue-title"><a href="https://github.com/json-ld/json-ld.org/issues/223"><span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Issue
+223
+</ins></span></a>:<ins class="diff-chg">
+Feature
+at
+risk
+</ins></div><p class="atrisk"><ins class="diff-chg">
+This
+feature
+is
+at
+risk
+as
+the
+fact
+that
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">value
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">document
+may
+have
+multiple
+base
+IRIs
+is
+potentially
+confusing
+for
+developers.
+It
+is
+also
+being
+discussed
+whether
+relative
+IRIs
+are
+allowed
+as
+values
+</ins>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">a
+simple
+string
+</del>
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@base
+</ins></code>
+or
+<del class="diff-old">null
+.
+Add
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">whether
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">language
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">empty
+string
+should
+be
+used
+to
+explicitly
+specify
+that
+there
+isn't
+a
+base
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+which
+could
+be
+used
+to
+ensure
+that
+relative
+IRIs
+remain
+relative
+when
+expanding.
+</ins></p></div><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>
+to
+the
+<del class="diff-old">local
+context
+.
+Otherwise,
+for
+each
+property
+in
+context
+perform
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+associated
+with
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">following
+steps:
+</del>
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@base
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key.
+</ins></li>
+<li>
+If
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+remove
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">property's
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri">
+<ins class="diff-chg">base
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+if
+</ins><i>
+value
+</i>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">a
+simple
+string
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+absolute
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr>
+</a>,
+<del class="diff-old">determine
+</del>
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri">
+<ins class="diff-new">base
+</ins>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">mapping
+</del>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+set
+to
+</ins><i>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">by
+performing
+</del>
+</i>.
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+it
+is
+not
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+absolute
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr>
+</a>,
+<ins class="diff-new">an
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-base-IRI"><ins class="diff-new">
+invalid
+base
+</ins>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">Expansion
+</del>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">on
+</del>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@vocab
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key:
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins>
+the
+<ins class="diff-new">value
+</ins>
+associated
+<del class="diff-old">value.
+If
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">with
+</ins>
+the
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-new">@vocab
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+key.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+remove
+any
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+vocabulary
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+from
+</ins><i>
+result
+<del class="diff-old">of
+the
+</del>
+</i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Otherwise,
+if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+absolute
+</ins>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>,
+<ins class="diff-new">the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+vocabulary
+</ins>
+mapping
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+set
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i>.<ins class="diff-new">
+If
+it
+</ins>
+is
+<ins class="diff-new">not
+</ins>
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
+absolute
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>,
+<del class="diff-old">merge
+the
+property
+into
+the
+local
+context
+term
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-vocab-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+vocab
+</ins>
+mapping
+<del class="diff-old">,
+unless
+the
+property
+</del>
+</a>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+</ins>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">a
+JSON-LD
+keyword
+,
+in
+which
+case
+throw
+an
+exception.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">aborted.
+</ins></li></ol>
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+if
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@language
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key:
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">property's
+</del>
+value
+<ins class="diff-new">associated
+with
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@language
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+key.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i>
+is
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
+null
+</a>,
+remove
+<del class="diff-old">mapping,
+coercion,
+container
+and
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">any
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language"><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+</ins>
+language
+<del class="diff-old">information
+associated
+with
+property
+</del>
+</a>
+from
+<del class="diff-old">the
+local
+context
+.
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+Otherwise,
+<ins class="diff-new">if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-new">
+string
+</ins></a>,
+the
+<del class="diff-old">property
+'s
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language">
+<ins class="diff-chg">default
+language
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+set
+to
+lowercased
+</ins><i>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">must
+be
+a
+JSON
+object
+.
+</del>
+</i>.
+If
+<del class="diff-old">the
+property
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">it
+</ins>
+is
+<ins class="diff-new">not
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">JSON-LD
+keyword
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
+<ins class="diff-chg">string
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+an
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-default-language"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+default
+language
+</ins>
+</a>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-new">error
+has
+been
+detected
+</ins>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">the
+value
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">processing
+is
+aborted.
+</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Create
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+defined
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+use
+to
+keep
+track
+of
+whether
+or
+not
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></a>
+has
+<ins class="diff-new">already
+been
+defined
+or
+currently
+being
+defined
+during
+recursion.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+For
+each
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+key
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+-
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+pair
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+context
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+where
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+key
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+not
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@id
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@base
+</ins>
+</code>,
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@language
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@vocab
+</ins></code>,
+or
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@type
+properties,
+throw
+an
+exception.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@language
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+invoke
+the
+</ins><a href="#create-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Create
+Term
+Definition
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+passing
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<i><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a>,<i><ins class="diff-chg">
+key
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+defined
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Return
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></section></section><section id="create-term-definition"><h3>
+<del class="diff-old">Issue
+5
+</del>
+<span class="secno">
+<ins class="diff-chg">6.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Undecided
+if
+@type
+or
+@graph
+can
+take
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Create
+Term
+Definition
+</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+This
+algorithm
+is
+called
+from
+the
+</ins><a href="#context-processing-algorithm"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Context
+Processing
+algorithm
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+create
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">@container
+with
+@set
+.
+If
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
+<ins class="diff-chg">term
+definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins>
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+<ins class="diff-new">active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+for
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+being
+processed
+in
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+local
+context
+</ins></a>.</p><section class="informative"><h4 id="general-solution-1"><ins class="diff-new">
+General
+Solution
+</ins></h4><p>
+<em>
+<del class="diff-old">property
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">This
+section
+is
+non-normative.
+</ins>
+</em>
+<del class="diff-old">has
+</del>
+</p>
+<p>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
+<ins class="diff-chg">Term
+definitions
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+are
+created
+by
+parsing
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">form
+of
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">information
+in
+the
+given
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+the
+given
+</ins>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
+term
+<del class="diff-old">,
+its
+value
+must
+have
+an
+@id
+property
+with
+a
+string
+value
+which
+must
+have
+</del>
+</a>.
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">form
+of
+a
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">given
+</ins>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
+term
+<del class="diff-old">,
+</del>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">
+compact
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>,
+<del class="diff-old">or
+absolute
+IRI
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">it
+may
+omit
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
+<del class="diff-old">.
+Determine
+the
+</del>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+mapping
+</a>
+by
+<del class="diff-old">performing
+IRI
+Expansion
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">depending
+on
+its
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix"><ins class="diff-chg">
+prefix
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+having
+its
+own
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix"><ins class="diff-chg">
+prefix
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+a
+key
+in
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+then
+its
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+must
+first
+be
+created,
+through
+recursion,
+before
+continuing.
+Because
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">can
+depend
+</ins>
+on
+<ins class="diff-new">other
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+definitions
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+a
+mechanism
+must
+be
+used
+to
+detect
+cyclical
+dependencies.
+The
+solution
+employed
+here
+uses
+a
+map,
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+defined
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-new">
+that
+keeps
+track
+of
+whether
+or
+not
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+has
+been
+defined
+or
+is
+currently
+in
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">associated
+value.
+If
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">process
+of
+being
+defined.
+This
+map
+is
+checked
+before
+any
+recursion
+is
+attempted.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+After
+all
+dependencies
+for
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+have
+been
+defined,
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">result
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">rest
+</ins>
+of
+the
+<del class="diff-old">IRI
+mapping
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">information
+in
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+the
+given
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></a>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">an
+absolute
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">taken
+into
+account,
+creating
+the
+appropriate
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<ins class="diff-chg">mapping
+</ins>
+</a>,
+<del class="diff-old">merge
+the
+property
+into
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
+<ins class="diff-chg">container
+mapping
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins>
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
+<ins class="diff-chg">term
+</ins></a>.</p></section><section><h4 id="algorithm-1"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Algorithm
+</ins></h4><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+algorithm
+has
+four
+required
+inputs
+which
+are:
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
+local
+context
+</a>,
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+</ins><i>
+term
+<del class="diff-old">mapping
+.
+</del>
+</i>,
+<ins class="diff-chg">and
+a
+map
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+defined
+</ins></i>.</p><ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+If
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">defined
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+contains
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">property
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+the
+associated
+value
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+(indicating
+that
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a>
+has
+<ins class="diff-new">already
+been
+created),
+return.
+Otherwise,
+if
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">form
+of
+of
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false"><ins class="diff-chg">
+false
+</ins></a>,
+a
+<del class="diff-old">compact
+</del>
+<code class="error">
+<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.cyclic-IRI-mapping">
+<ins class="diff-chg">cyclic
+</ins>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<ins class="diff-new">mapping
+</ins></a></code><ins class="diff-new">
+error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Set
+the
+value
+associated
+with
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+defined
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+'s
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+key
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false"><ins class="diff-new">
+false
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
+This
+indicates
+that
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+now
+being
+created
+but
+is
+not
+yet
+complete.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Since
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword"><ins class="diff-new">
+keywords
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+cannot
+be
+overridden,
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+must
+not
+be
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword"><ins class="diff-new">
+keyword
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
+Otherwise,
+a
+</ins><code class="error">
+<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.keyword-redefinition">
+<ins class="diff-new">keyword
+redefinition
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">or
+absolute
+IRI
+</del>
+<del class="diff-old">,
+</del>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Remove
+any
+existing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins>
+the
+value
+<del class="diff-old">may
+have
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">associated
+with
+the
+key
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins>
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+<ins class="diff-new">JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+containing
+the
+key-value
+pair
+</ins>
+<code>
+@id
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">property
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">-
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+the
+value
+associated
+</ins>
+with
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">defined
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+'s
+key
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-new">
+true
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+and
+return.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Otherwise,
+if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+</ins>
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
+string
+</a>:
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-new">Expand
+</ins><i>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">which
+must
+have
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">by
+setting
+it
+to
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">form
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+</ins>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">a
+term
+,
+compact
+IRI
+,
+or
+absolute
+IRI
+.
+Determine
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">using
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">IRI
+mapping
+by
+performing
+</del>
+<a href="#iri-expansion">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+Expansion
+<ins class="diff-new">algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-new">
+true
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">on
+the
+associated
+value.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+vocabRelative
+</ins></i>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+documentRelative
+</ins></i>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+defined
+</ins></i>.</li><li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">the
+result
+of
+the
+IRI
+mapping
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+</ins></i>
+is
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-new">@context
+</ins></code>,
+an
+<del class="diff-old">absolute
+</del>
+<code class="error">
+<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-keyword-alias">
+<ins class="diff-chg">invalid
+keyword
+alias
+</ins></a></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">,
+merge
+the
+property
+into
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">local
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
+<ins class="diff-chg">term
+definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+</ins>
+context
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+the
+value
+associated
+with
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+defined
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+'s
+key
+</ins><i>
+term
+<del class="diff-old">mapping
+.
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+return.
+</ins></li></ol>
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">If
+the
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Otherwise,
+</ins><i>
+value
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">must
+be
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+if
+not,
+an
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+term
+definition
+</ins></a></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+error
+</ins>
+has
+<ins class="diff-new">been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Create
+</ins>
+a
+<ins class="diff-new">new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a>,<i><ins class="diff-new">
+definition
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+contains
+the
+key
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@reverse
+</ins></code>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+contains
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@id
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-new">
+an
+</ins>
+<code>
+@type
+</code>,
+<ins class="diff-new">or
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@language
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-new">
+member,
+an
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-reverse-property"><ins class="diff-new">
+invalid
+reverse
+property
+</ins></a>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">property,
+its
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+</ins>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">must
+have
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">associated
+with
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">form
+of
+</del>
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@reverse
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key
+is
+not
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">term
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
+<ins class="diff-chg">string
+</ins>
+</a>,
+<del class="diff-old">compact
+IRI
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+</ins><code class="error">
+<del class="diff-old">,
+absolute
+</del>
+<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-IRI-mapping">
+<ins class="diff-chg">invalid
+</ins>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">,
+or
+the
+keyword
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">mapping
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">@id
+.
+Determine
+</del>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+set
+</ins>
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">by
+performing
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+definition
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+result
+of
+using
+the
+</ins>
+<a href="#iri-expansion">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+Expansion
+<del class="diff-old">on
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,
+the
+<ins class="diff-new">value
+</ins>
+associated
+<del class="diff-old">value.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">with
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@reverse
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+vocabRelative
+</ins></i>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+documentRelative
+</ins></i>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+defined
+</ins></i>.
+If
+the
+result
+<del class="diff-old">of
+the
+IRI
+mapping
+</del>
+is
+<ins class="diff-new">not
+</ins>
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
+absolute
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>,
+<ins class="diff-new">i.e.,
+it
+contains
+no
+colon
+(
+</ins><code>:</code><ins class="diff-new">
+),
+an
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-IRI-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+invalid
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
+mapping
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">or
+@id
+,
+merge
+into
+</del>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Set
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">local
+context
+coercion
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
+<ins class="diff-chg">type
+</ins>
+mapping
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">using
+the
+lexical
+value
+</del>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">the
+property
+.
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">definition
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@id
+</ins></code>.
+</li>
+<li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">the
+</del>
+<i>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">has
+a
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">contains
+an
+</ins>
+<code>
+@container
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">property,
+its
+value
+must
+be
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member,
+set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+definition
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@list
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@index
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">or
+@set
+.
+Merge
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">if
+that
+is
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">list
+mapping
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+of
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@container
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member;
+otherwise
+an
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-reverse-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+reverse
+property
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">or
+set
+mapping
+</del>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">error
+has
+been
+detected
+(reverse
+properties
+only
+support
+index-containers)
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="reverse-property" href="#dfn-reverse-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+reverse
+property
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">into
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">flag
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+definition
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Set
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">local
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
+<ins class="diff-chg">term
+definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+</ins>
+context
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">using
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+definition
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">lexical
+</del>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">of
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">associated
+with
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+defined
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+'s
+key
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+return.
+</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Set
+</ins>
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="reverse-property" href="#dfn-reverse-property">
+<ins class="diff-chg">reverse
+</ins>
+property
+<del class="diff-old">.
+</del>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">flag
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+definition
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false"><ins class="diff-chg">
+false
+</ins></a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">the
+</del>
+<i>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">has
+a
+@language
+property
+but
+no
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">contains
+the
+key
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@type
+property,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@id
+</ins></code>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins>
+the
+value
+<del class="diff-old">of
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">associated
+with
+</ins>
+the
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@language
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@id
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">property
+must
+be
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key
+is
+not
+</ins>
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
+string
+</a>,
+<ins class="diff-new">an
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-IRI-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+invalid
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
+mapping
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">or
+null
+.
+Merge
+</del>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+set
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">language
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+<ins class="diff-chg">IRI
+</ins></abbr>
+mapping
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">into
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+definition
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">local
+context
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+of
+</ins>
+using
+the
+<del class="diff-old">lexical
+</del>
+<a href="#iri-expansion">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+<ins class="diff-chg">IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+Expansion
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+</ins>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">of
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">associated
+with
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">property
+.
+</del>
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@id
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+vocabRelative
+</ins></i>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+documentRelative
+</ins></i>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+defined
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Merge
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Otherwise
+if
+</ins>
+the
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">term
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+contains
+a
+colon
+(
+</ins><code>:</code><ins class="diff-chg">
+):
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+compact
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+with
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix"><ins class="diff-chg">
+prefix
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+that
+is
+a
+key
+in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
+local
+context
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">into
+the
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+dependency
+has
+been
+found.
+Use
+this
+algorithm
+recursively
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+active
+context
+<del class="diff-old">.
+</del>
+</a>,
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
+<ins class="diff-chg">local
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix"><ins class="diff-chg">
+prefix
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+as
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+defined
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Repeat
+Step
+2.4.2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+'s
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix"><ins class="diff-chg">
+prefix
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">until
+no
+entries
+are
+added
+to
+the
+local
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">has
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+</ins>
+context
+<del class="diff-old">.
+Note
+</del>
+</a>,
+<ins class="diff-chg">set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
+<del class="diff-old">It
+can
+be
+difficult
+to
+distinguish
+between
+a
+compact
+</del>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<ins class="diff-new">mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+definition
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+the
+result
+of
+concatenating
+the
+value
+associated
+with
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix"><ins class="diff-new">
+prefix
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+'s
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+<ins class="diff-new">IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
+mapping
+</ins>
+</a>
+and
+<ins class="diff-new">the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+'s
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+suffix
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Otherwise,
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+</ins>
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
+absolute
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">,
+as
+a
+compact
+</del>
+</a>.
+<ins class="diff-chg">Set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<ins class="diff-chg">mapping
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">may
+seem
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+definition
+</ins></i>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">be
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">term
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+if
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">valid
+IRI
+scheme
+.
+When
+performing
+repeated
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">
+<ins class="diff-chg">vocabulary
+mapping
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">expansion,
+a
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+definition
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+set
+to
+the
+result
+of
+concatenating
+the
+value
+associated
+with
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+vocabulary
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i>
+term
+<del class="diff-old">used
+as
+a
+prefix
+may
+</del>
+</i>.
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+it
+does
+</ins>
+not
+have
+a
+<del class="diff-old">valid
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">
+<ins class="diff-chg">vocabulary
+</ins>
+mapping
+<del class="diff-old">due
+</del>
+</a>,
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-IRI-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+mapping
+</ins></a></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+error
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+contains
+the
+key
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@type
+</ins></code>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+</ins></i>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">dependencies
+in
+resolving
+term
+definitions.
+By
+continuing
+Step
+2.3.2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+value
+associated
+with
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@type
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key,
+which
+must
+be
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-chg">
+string
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+an
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+type
+mapping
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">until
+no
+changes
+are
+made,
+mappings
+</del>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+</ins></i>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">IRIs
+created
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+result
+of
+</ins>
+using
+<ins class="diff-new">the
+</ins><a href="#iri-expansion"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
+Expansion
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<i><ins class="diff-new">
+type
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-new">
+true
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+vocabRelative
+</ins></i>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-new">
+true
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+documentRelative
+</ins></i>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+local
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+defined
+</ins></i>.<ins class="diff-new">
+If
+the
+expanded
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+type
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+neither
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@id
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-new">
+nor
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@vocab
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-new">
+nor
+</ins>
+an
+<del class="diff-old">undefined
+term
+prefix
+will
+eventually
+resolve
+to
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
+absolute
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">s.
+</del>
+</a>,
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+</ins><code class="error">
+<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-type-mapping">
+<ins class="diff-chg">invalid
+type
+mapping
+</ins></a>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+definition
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+contains
+the
+key
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@container
+</ins></code>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+value
+associated
+with
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@container
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key,
+which
+must
+be
+either
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@list
+</ins></code>,<code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@set
+</ins></code>,<code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@index
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@language
+</ins></code>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+an
+</ins><code class="error">
+<del class="diff-old">Issue
+6
+</del>
+<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-container-mapping">
+<ins class="diff-chg">invalid
+container
+mapping
+</ins></a>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+definition
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+contains
+the
+key
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@language
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+does
+not
+contain
+the
+key
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@type
+</ins></code>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+value
+associated
+with
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@language
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key,
+which
+must
+be
+either
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-chg">
+string
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+an
+</ins><code class="error">
+<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-mapping">
+<ins class="diff-chg">invalid
+language
+mapping
+</ins></a>
+<del class="diff-old">Issue
+43
+</del>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-chg">
+string
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">concerns
+performing
+IRI
+expansion
+in
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">set
+it
+to
+lowercased
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+</ins></i>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Set
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">key
+position
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
+<ins class="diff-chg">language
+mapping
+</ins></a>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">a
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">definition
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+</ins>
+context
+<del class="diff-old">definition.
+</del>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+definition
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+set
+the
+value
+associated
+with
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+defined
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+'s
+key
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins></a>.</li></ol></section></section><section id="iri-expansion">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.3
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">6.3
+</ins>
+</span>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+Expansion
+</h3>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">Keys
+and
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">In
+JSON-LD
+documents,
+</ins>
+some
+<ins class="diff-new">keys
+and
+</ins>
+values
+<del class="diff-old">are
+evaluated
+to
+produce
+an
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">may
+represent
+</ins>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<del class="diff-old">IRI
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">IRIs
+</ins>
+</a>.
+This
+section
+defines
+an
+algorithm
+for
+transforming
+a
+<del class="diff-old">value
+representing
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
+<ins class="diff-chg">string
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+that
+represents
+</ins>
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>
+into
+an
+<del class="diff-old">actual
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
+<ins class="diff-chg">absolute
+</ins>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+<del class="diff-old">.
+</del>
+</abbr>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+identifier
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+It
+also
+covers
+transforming
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword-alias" href="#dfn-keyword-alias"><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword
+aliases
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+into
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword"><ins class="diff-chg">
+keywords
+</ins></a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">s
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">expansion
+</ins>
+may
+<ins class="diff-new">occur
+during
+context
+processing
+or
+during
+any
+of
+the
+other
+JSON-LD
+algorithms.
+If
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
+expansion
+occurs
+during
+context
+processing,
+then
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+local
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+its
+related
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+defined
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+map
+from
+the
+</ins><a href="#context-processing-algorithm"><ins class="diff-new">
+Context
+Processing
+algorithm
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+are
+passed
+to
+this
+algorithm.
+This
+allows
+for
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+dependencies
+to
+</ins>
+be
+<del class="diff-old">represented
+as
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">processed
+via
+the
+</ins><a href="#create-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Create
+Term
+Definition
+algorithm
+</ins></a>.</p><section class="informative"><h4 id="general-solution-2"><ins class="diff-chg">
+General
+Solution
+</ins></h4><p><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+This
+section
+is
+non-normative.
+</ins></em></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+In
+order
+to
+expand
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins>
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
+absolute
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>,
+<ins class="diff-new">we
+must
+first
+determine
+if
+it
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
+null
+</ins></a>,
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
+term
+<del class="diff-old">or
+</del>
+</a>,
+a
+<del class="diff-old">compact
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword-alias" href="#dfn-keyword-alias">
+<ins class="diff-chg">keyword
+alias
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+some
+form
+of
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>.
+<del class="diff-old">An
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Based
+on
+what
+we
+find,
+we
+handle
+the
+specific
+kind
+of
+expansion;
+for
+example,
+we
+expand
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword-alias" href="#dfn-keyword-alias"><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword
+alias
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword"><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
+absolute
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">according
+to
+its
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+While
+inspecting
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+we
+may
+also
+find
+that
+we
+need
+to
+create
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+dependencies
+because
+we're
+running
+this
+algorithm
+during
+context
+processing.
+We
+can
+tell
+whether
+or
+not
+we're
+running
+during
+context
+processing
+by
+checking
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+against
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+We
+know
+we
+need
+to
+create
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+when
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">defined
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+key
+</ins>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">[
+RFC3987
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">]
+containing
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">and
+the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+defined
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+map
+does
+not
+have
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">scheme
+along
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>
+with
+<del class="diff-old">path
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+associated
+value
+of
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+defined
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+map
+is
+used
+during
+</ins><a href="#context-processing-algorithm"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Context
+Processing
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+keep
+track
+of
+which
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+terms
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+have
+already
+been
+defined
+or
+are
+in
+the
+process
+of
+being
+defined.
+We
+create
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+by
+using
+the
+</ins><a href="#create-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Create
+Term
+Definition
+algorithm
+</ins></a>.</p></section><section><h4 id="algorithm-2"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Algorithm
+</ins></h4><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+algorithm
+takes
+two
+required
+</ins>
+and
+<ins class="diff-new">four
+</ins>
+optional
+<del class="diff-old">query
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">input
+variables.
+The
+required
+inputs
+are
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">fragment
+segments.
+A
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+be
+expanded.
+The
+optional
+inputs
+are
+two
+flags,
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+documentRelative
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+vocabRelative
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+that
+specifying
+whether
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+can
+be
+interpreted
+as
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="relative-iri" href="#dfn-relative-iri">
+relative
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">is
+an
+IRI
+that
+is
+relative
+some
+other
+absolute
+</del>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">against
+the
+document's
+base
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">;
+in
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">or
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">case
+of
+JSON-LD
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+<ins class="diff-chg">active
+context's
+</ins></a><a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+vocabulary
+mapping
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+respectively,
+and
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+a
+map
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+defined
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+be
+used
+when
+</ins>
+this
+<ins class="diff-new">algorithm
+</ins>
+is
+<ins class="diff-new">used
+during
+</ins><a href="#context-processing-algorithm"><ins class="diff-new">
+Context
+Processing
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
+If
+not
+passed,
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">base
+location
+of
+the
+document.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">two
+flags
+are
+set
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+false
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+defined
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+are
+initialized
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>.
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">The
+</del>
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword"><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+return
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+as
+is.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+not
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+it
+contains
+a
+key
+that
+equals
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+the
+value
+associated
+with
+the
+key
+that
+equals
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+defined
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+not
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+invoke
+the
+</ins><a href="#create-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Create
+Term
+Definition
+</ins>
+algorithm
+</a>,
+<ins class="diff-new">passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+local
+context
+</ins></a>,<i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+as
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-new">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+defined
+</ins></i>.<ins class="diff-new">
+This
+will
+ensure
+that
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+created
+</ins>
+for
+<del class="diff-old">generating
+an
+IRI
+is:
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+during
+</ins><a href="#context-processing-algorithm"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Context
+Processing
+</ins></a>.</li>
+<li>
+If
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">vocabRelative
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-new">
+true
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+</ins>
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+active
+context
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">contains
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">has
+</ins>
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
+term
+<ins class="diff-new">definition
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">mapping
+</del>
+for
+<del class="diff-old">the
+</del>
+<i>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">using
+a
+case-sensitive
+comparison,
+use
+</del>
+</i>,
+<ins class="diff-chg">return
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">mapped
+value
+as
+an
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">associated
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+<del class="diff-old">.
+</del>
+</abbr>
+<ins class="diff-chg">mapping
+</ins></a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+Otherwise,
+<del class="diff-old">split
+the
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">if
+</ins><i>
+value
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-new">contains
+a
+colon
+(
+</ins><code>:</code><ins class="diff-new">
+),
+it
+is
+either
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
+absolute
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-new">
+or
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
+compact
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Split
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i>
+into
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">
+prefix
+</a>
+and
+<i>
+suffix
+<del class="diff-old">from
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">at
+</ins>
+the
+first
+occurrence
+of
+<del class="diff-old">':'.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+colon
+(
+</ins><code>:</code><ins class="diff-chg">
+).
+</ins>
+</li>
+<li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">the
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">
+prefix
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">is
+not
+underscore
+(
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+_
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+)
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+suffix
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+does
+not
+begin
+with
+double-forward-slash
+(
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+//
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+),
+it
+may
+be
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
+compact
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+local
+context
+</ins></a>
+is
+<ins class="diff-new">not
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+it
+contains
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">'_'
+(underscore),
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key
+that
+equals
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix"><ins class="diff-chg">
+prefix
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins>
+the
+value
+<del class="diff-old">represents
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">associated
+with
+the
+key
+that
+equals
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+prefix
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+defined
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+not
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+invoke
+the
+</ins><a href="#create-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Create
+Term
+Definition
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a>,<i><ins class="diff-chg">
+prefix
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+as
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+defined
+</ins></i>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+This
+will
+ensure
+that
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">named
+blank
+node
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
+<ins class="diff-chg">term
+definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+created
+for
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix"><ins class="diff-chg">
+prefix
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+during
+</ins><a href="#context-processing-algorithm"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Context
+Processing
+</ins>
+</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">the
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+active
+context
+</a>
+contains
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
+term
+<ins class="diff-new">definition
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">mapping
+</del>
+for
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">
+prefix
+<del class="diff-old">using
+a
+case-sensitive
+comparison,
+</del>
+</a>,
+<ins class="diff-chg">return
+the
+result
+of
+concatenating
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+associated
+with
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix"><ins class="diff-chg">
+prefix
+</ins></a>
+and
+<i>
+suffix
+<del class="diff-old">does
+not
+does
+not
+begin
+with
+'//'
+(i.e.,
+it
+</del>
+</i>.
+</li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Otherwise,
+if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>
+does
+not
+<del class="diff-old">match
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">contain
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">hier-part
+including
+authority
+(as
+defined
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">colon
+(
+</ins><code>:</code><ins class="diff-chg">
+):
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+vocabRelative
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+vocabulary
+mapping
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+return
+the
+result
+of
+concatenating
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+vocabulary
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+with
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+documentRelative
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+return
+the
+result
+of
+resolving
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+against
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+base
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Only
+the
+basic
+algorithm
+</ins>
+in
+<cite>
+<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-5.2">
+<ins class="diff-new">section
+5.2
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-new">
+of
+</ins>
+[
+<cite>
+<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3986">
+RFC3986
+</a>
+</cite>
+<del class="diff-old">]),
+generate
+an
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">]
+is
+used;
+neither
+</ins><cite>
+<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-6.2.2">
+<ins class="diff-new">Syntax-Based
+Normalization
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-new">
+nor
+</ins><cite><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-6.2.3"><ins class="diff-new">
+Scheme-Based
+Normalization
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-new">
+are
+performed.
+Characters
+additionally
+allowed
+in
+</ins>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">by
+prepending
+the
+mapped
+prefix
+to
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">references
+are
+treated
+in
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">(possibly
+empty)
+suffix
+using
+textual
+concatenation.
+Note
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">same
+way
+</ins>
+that
+<del class="diff-old">an
+empty
+suffix
+and
+no
+suffix
+(meaning
+the
+value
+contains
+no
+':'
+string
+at
+all)
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">unreserved
+characters
+</ins>
+are
+treated
+<del class="diff-old">equivalently.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">in
+URI
+references,
+per
+</ins><cite><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3987#section-6.5"><ins class="diff-chg">
+section
+6.5
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3987"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RFC3987
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
+].
+</ins></li></ol>
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+use
+the
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+not
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">directly
+as
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+not
+</ins>
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
+<ins class="diff-new">absolute
+</ins>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+<del class="diff-old">.
+Note
+</del>
+</abbr>
+</a>,
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+</ins><code class="error">
+<del class="diff-old">Previous
+versions
+of
+this
+specification
+used
+@base
+and
+@vocab
+to
+define
+</del>
+<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-IRI-mapping">
+<ins class="diff-chg">invalid
+</ins>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">prefixes
+used
+to
+resolve
+relative
+IRIs
+.
+It
+was
+determined
+that
+this
+added
+too
+much
+complexity,
+but
+the
+issue
+can
+be
+re-examined
+in
+the
+future
+based
+on
+community
+input.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">mapping
+</ins></a>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+return
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+as
+is.
+</ins></li></ol></section></section></section><section id="expansion-algorithms"><h2>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.4
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">7.
+</ins>
+</span>
+<ins class="diff-new">Expansion
+Algorithms
+</ins></h2><section id="expansion-algorithm"><h3>
+<del class="diff-old">IRI
+Compaction
+</del>
+<span class="secno">
+<ins class="diff-chg">7.1
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Expansion
+Algorithm
+</ins>
+</h3>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">Some
+keys
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">This
+algorithm
+expands
+a
+JSON-LD
+document,
+such
+that
+all
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+definitions
+are
+removed,
+all
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+terms
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+compact
+IRIs
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+are
+expanded
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+absolute
+IRIs
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+identifiers
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword"><ins class="diff-chg">
+keywords
+</ins></a>
+and
+<ins class="diff-new">all
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-value" href="#dfn-json-ld-value"><ins class="diff-new">
+JSON-LD
+</ins>
+values
+</a>
+are
+expressed
+<del class="diff-old">using
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+arrays
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="expanded-form" href="#dfn-expanded-form"><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+form
+</ins></a>.</p><section class="informative"><h4 id="general-solution-3"><ins class="diff-chg">
+General
+Solution
+</ins></h4>
+<del class="diff-old">IRI
+</del>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">s.
+</del>
+<em>
+This
+section
+<del class="diff-old">defines
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+non-normative.
+</ins></em></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+Starting
+with
+its
+root
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+we
+can
+process
+the
+JSON-LD
+document
+recursively,
+until
+we
+have
+a
+fully
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="expansion" href="#dfn-expansion"><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+</ins></a><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+When
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="expansion" href="#dfn-expansion"><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanding
+</ins></a>
+an
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">element
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-new">
+we
+can
+treat
+each
+one
+differently
+according
+to
+its
+type,
+in
+order
+to
+break
+down
+the
+problem:
+</ins></p><ol><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+there
+is
+nothing
+to
+expand.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Otherwise,
+if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="scalar" href="#dfn-scalar"><ins class="diff-new">
+scalar
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+we
+expand
+it
+according
+to
+the
+</ins><a href="#value-expansion"><ins class="diff-new">
+Value
+Expansion
+</ins>
+algorithm
+<del class="diff-old">for
+transforming
+</del>
+</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Otherwise,
+if
+the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins>
+an
+<del class="diff-old">IRI
+(
+iri
+)
+to
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
+<ins class="diff-chg">array
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+then
+we
+expand
+each
+of
+its
+items
+recursively
+and
+return
+them
+in
+a
+new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins>
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+<ins class="diff-new">JSON
+object
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
+We
+expand
+each
+of
+its
+keys,
+adding
+them
+to
+our
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+result
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-new">
+and
+then
+we
+expand
+each
+value
+for
+each
+key
+recursively.
+Some
+of
+the
+keys
+will
+be
+</ins>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
+<del class="diff-old">term
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">terms
+</ins>
+</a>
+or
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">
+compact
+<del class="diff-old">IRI
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">IRIs
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">using
+the
+term
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">and
+others
+will
+be
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword"><ins class="diff-chg">
+keywords
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">s
+specified
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">or
+simply
+ignored
+because
+they
+do
+not
+have
+definitions
+</ins>
+in
+the
+<del class="diff-old">active
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
+context
+</a>.
+<ins class="diff-new">Any
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRIs
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">will
+be
+expanded
+</ins>
+using
+<del class="diff-old">an
+optional
+value
+.
+4.4.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+</ins><a href="#iri-expansion">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">Compaction
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Expansion
+algorithm
+</ins></a>.</li></ol><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+Finally,
+after
+ensuring
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+in
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+we
+return
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i>.</p></section><section><h4 id="algorithm-3">
+Algorithm
+</h4>
+<p>
+The
+algorithm
+<del class="diff-old">for
+generating
+a
+compact
+IRI
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">takes
+three
+input
+variables:
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+an
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+be
+expanded.
+To
+begin,
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+set
+to
+the
+result
+of
+performing,
+</ins><a href="#context-processing-algorithm"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Context
+Processing
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+on
+the
+passed
+</ins><code class="idlMemberName">
+<a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-expandContext">
+<ins class="diff-new">expandContext
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">is:
+</del>
+</code>,
+<ins class="diff-new">or
+empty
+if
+</ins><code class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-expandContext"><ins class="diff-new">
+expandContext
+</ins></a></code><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
+null
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+set
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+set
+to
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-input" href="#dfn-json-ld-input"><ins class="diff-new">
+JSON-LD
+input
+</ins></a>.</p>
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Create
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+return
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="scalar" href="#dfn-scalar"><ins class="diff-chg">
+scalar
+</ins></a>,<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@graph
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+drop
+the
+free-floating
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="scalar" href="#dfn-scalar"><ins class="diff-chg">
+scalar
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+by
+returning
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Return
+the
+result
+of
+the
+</ins><a href="#value-expansion"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Value
+Expansion
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+passing
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+as
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a>,<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Initialize
+</ins>
+an
+empty
+<del class="diff-old">list
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">array,
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+For
+each
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+result
+</ins>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">terms
+terms
+that
+will
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">using
+this
+algorithm
+recursively,
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+as
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@list
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+its
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+set
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@list
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+must
+not
+</ins>
+be
+<del class="diff-old">populated
+with
+term
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">s
+that
+are
+ranked
+according
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">or
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+list
+object
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+otherwise
+a
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.list-of-lists"><ins class="diff-chg">
+list
+of
+lists
+</ins></a></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+append
+each
+of
+its
+items
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">how
+closely
+they
+match
+value
+.
+Initialize
+highest
+rank
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+</ins></i>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+not
+null,
+append
+it
+</ins>
+to
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">result
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Return
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+result
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Otherwise
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+contains
+the
+key
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">0
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@context
+</ins>
+</code>,
+<del class="diff-old">and
+</del>
+set
+<del class="diff-old">a
+flag
+list
+container
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+<ins class="diff-chg">active
+context
+</ins></a>
+to
+<ins class="diff-new">the
+result
+of
+the
+</ins><a href="#context-processing-algorithm"><ins class="diff-new">
+Context
+Processing
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+the
+value
+of
+the
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">false
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@context
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key
+as
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Initialize
+an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a>,<i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+For
+each
+<del class="diff-old">term
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">the
+active
+context
+:
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">element
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+ordered
+lexicographically
+by
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+key
+</ins></i>:
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+If
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">key
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@context
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-new">
+continue
+to
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">term
+'s
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">next
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+key
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+result
+of
+using
+the
+</ins><a href="#iri-expansion">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Expansion
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<i><ins class="diff-chg">
+key
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+vocabRelative
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+expanded
+property
+</ins></i>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">not
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
+<ins class="diff-chg">null
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+it
+neither
+contains
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">complete
+match
+against
+iri
+,
+continue
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">colon
+(
+</ins><code>:</code><ins class="diff-chg">
+)
+nor
+it
+is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword"><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+drop
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+key
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+by
+continuing
+</ins>
+to
+the
+next
+<del class="diff-old">term
+.
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">value
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">expanded
+property
+</ins></i>
+is
+a
+<del class="diff-old">JSON
+object
+containing
+only
+the
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">
+<ins class="diff-chg">keyword
+</ins></a>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+</ins>
+property
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">equals
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@list
+:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@reverse
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+an
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-reverse-property-map"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+reverse
+property
+map
+</ins></a></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+</ins></li>
+<li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">term
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+</ins></i>
+has
+<ins class="diff-new">already
+an
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+expanded
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+member,
+an
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.colliding-keywords"><ins class="diff-new">
+colliding
+keywords
+</ins></a></code><ins class="diff-new">
+error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+expanded
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@id
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+not
+</ins>
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
+<ins class="diff-new">string
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+an
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--id-value"><ins class="diff-new">
+invalid
+@id
+value
+</ins></a></code><ins class="diff-new">
+error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+Otherwise,
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+expanded
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+the
+result
+of
+using
+the
+</ins><a href="#iri-expansion"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
+Expansion
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-new">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-new">
+true
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+documentRelative
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+expanded
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@container
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@type
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+neither
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-chg">
+string
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+nor
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-chg">
+strings
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+an
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-type-value"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+type
+value
+</ins></a>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-new">error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+Otherwise,
+</ins>
+set
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">expanded
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+the
+result
+of
+using
+the
+</ins><a href="#iri-expansion"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
+Expansion
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-new">
+true
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+vocabRelative
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-new">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-new">
+true
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+documentRelative
+</ins></i>
+to
+<ins class="diff-new">expand
+the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+or
+each
+of
+its
+items.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+expanded
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@set
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@graph
+</ins>
+</code>,
+<del class="diff-old">continue
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+value
+</ins></i>
+to
+the
+<del class="diff-old">next
+term
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+of
+using
+this
+algorithm
+recursively
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@graph
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">list
+container
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">expanded
+property
+</ins></i>
+is
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">true
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@value
+</ins>
+</code>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">term
+does
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins>
+not
+<del class="diff-old">have
+</del>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">container
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="scalar" href="#dfn-scalar">
+<ins class="diff-chg">scalar
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+an
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-value-object-value"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+value
+object
+value
+</ins></a>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-new">error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+Otherwise,
+</ins>
+set
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">expanded
+value
+</ins></i>
+to
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">value
+</ins></i>.<ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+expanded
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+set
+the
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@list
+,
+continue
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@value
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i>
+to
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
+<ins class="diff-new">null
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+continue
+with
+</ins>
+the
+next
+<del class="diff-old">term
+.
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+from
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Null
+values
+need
+to
+be
+preserved
+in
+this
+case
+as
+the
+meaning
+of
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@type
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+depends
+on
+the
+existence
+of
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@value
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member.
+</ins>
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+if
+term
+has
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@language
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+not
+</ins>
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
+<ins class="diff-new">string
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+an
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-tagged-string"><ins class="diff-new">
+invalid
+language-tagged
+string
+</ins></a></code><ins class="diff-new">
+error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+Otherwise,
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+expanded
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+lowercased
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+expanded
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">container
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@index
+</ins>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-new">and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+not
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-new">
+string
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+an
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--index-value"><ins class="diff-new">
+invalid
+@index
+value
+</ins></a></code><ins class="diff-new">
+error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+Otherwise,
+</ins>
+set
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">expanded
+value
+</ins></i>
+to
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">value
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+expanded
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+</ins>
+<code>
+@list
+</code>:
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-new">If
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
+null
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+or
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@graph
+</ins>
+</code>,
+continue
+<del class="diff-old">to
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">with
+</ins>
+the
+next
+<del class="diff-old">term
+.
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+from
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+remove
+the
+free-floating
+list..
+</ins>
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Set
+rank
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Otherwise,
+initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+value
+</ins></i>
+to
+the
+<del class="diff-old">term
+rank
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+</ins>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">value
+by
+passing
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">using
+this
+algorithm
+recursively
+</ins>
+passing
+<del class="diff-old">term
+,
+value
+,
+and
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+active
+context
+<del class="diff-old">to
+the
+Term
+Rank
+Algorithm
+.
+</del>
+</a>,
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
+<ins class="diff-chg">active
+property
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">rank
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">expanded
+value
+</ins></i>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">greater
+than
+0
+:
+If
+term
+has
+</del>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">container
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">
+<ins class="diff-chg">list
+object
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+a
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.list-of-lists"><ins class="diff-chg">
+list
+of
+lists
+</ins></a>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">set
+to
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins>
+<code>
+@set
+</code>,
+<del class="diff-old">then
+add
+1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+value
+</ins></i>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">rank
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+result
+of
+using
+this
+algorithm
+recursively,
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+If
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">expanded
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@reverse
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i>
+value
+</i>
+is
+<ins class="diff-new">not
+</ins>
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+JSON
+object
+</a>,
+<ins class="diff-new">an
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--reverse-value"><ins class="diff-new">
+invalid
+@reverse
+value
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">containing
+only
+the
+property
+@list
+</del>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-new">error
+has
+been
+detected
+</ins>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">list
+container
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">processing
+</ins>
+is
+<ins class="diff-new">aborted.
+Otherwise
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+expanded
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+the
+result
+of
+using
+this
+algorithm
+recursively,
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">false
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@reverse
+</ins>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-new">as
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+property
+</ins></a>,
+and
+<del class="diff-old">term
+has
+a
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+as
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+contains
+an
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">container
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@reverse
+</ins>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-new">member,
+i.e.,
+properties
+that
+are
+reversed
+twice,
+execute
+for
+each
+of
+its
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+the
+following
+steps:
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+does
+not
+have
+a
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+member,
+create
+one
+and
+</ins>
+set
+<ins class="diff-new">its
+value
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">@list
+,
+then
+set
+list
+container
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Append
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i>
+to
+<ins class="diff-new">the
+value
+of
+the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+result
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+expanded
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+contains
+members
+other
+than
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">true
+,
+clear
+terms
+,
+set
+highest
+rank
+to
+rank
+,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@reverse
+</ins></code>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+does
+not
+have
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@reverse
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member,
+create
+one
+</ins>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">add
+term
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">set
+its
+value
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">terms
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+if
+rank
+is
+greater
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Reference
+the
+value
+of
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@reverse
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+using
+the
+variable
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+reverse
+map
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+For
+each
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+items
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+other
+</ins>
+than
+<del class="diff-old">or
+equal
+to
+highest
+rank
+:
+</del>
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@reverse
+</ins></code>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+For
+each
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+items
+</ins></i>:
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">rank
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">item
+</ins></i>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">greater
+than
+highest
+rank
+,
+clear
+terms
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+list
+object
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+an
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--reverse-value"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+reverse
+property
+value
+</ins></a></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+been
+detected
+</ins>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">set
+highest
+rank
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">processing
+is
+aborted.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+reverse
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+no
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member,
+create
+one
+and
+initialize
+its
+value
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">rank
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Add
+term
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Append
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">terms
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+value
+of
+the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+reverse
+map
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">If
+terms
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Continue
+with
+the
+next
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+key
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+from
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Unless
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+value
+</ins></i>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">empty,
+add
+a
+compact
+IRI
+representation
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
+<ins class="diff-chg">null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+</ins>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">iri
+for
+each
+term
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+value
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Continue
+with
+the
+next
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+key
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+from
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element.
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+key
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+'s
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+mapping
+</ins>
+</a>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">the
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+active
+context
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">which
+maps
+to
+an
+IRI
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@language
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">which
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">then
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>
+is
+<ins class="diff-new">expanded
+from
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">prefix
+for
+iri
+where
+the
+resulting
+compact
+IRI
+</del>
+<a class="tref externalDFN" title="language-map" href="../json-ld-syntax/#dfn-language-map">
+<ins class="diff-chg">language
+map
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">as
+follows:
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+expanded
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-new">
+array
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+For
+each
+key-value
+pair
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+language
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+-
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+language
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-new">
+ordered
+lexicographically
+by
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+language
+</ins></i>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+language
+value
+</ins></i>
+is
+not
+<del class="diff-old">a
+term
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+it
+to
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">containing
+only
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+language
+value
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+For
+each
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+item
+</ins></i>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">the
+active
+context
+.
+The
+resulting
+compact
+IRI
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">language
+value
+</ins></i>:<ol class="algorithm"><li>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+must
+be
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-new">
+string
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+otherwise
+an
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-map-value"><ins class="diff-new">
+invalid
+language
+map
+value
+</ins>
+</a>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-new">error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+</ins>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">the
+term
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">aborted.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Append
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+that
+consists
+of
+two
+key-value
+pairs:
+(
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@value
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+-
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+)
+and
+(
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@language
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+-lowercased
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+).
+</ins></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+key
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+'s
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+mapping
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">associated
+with
+the
+partially
+matched
+IRI
+</del>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">the
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+active
+context
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">concatenated
+with
+a
+colon
+(:)
+character
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@index
+</ins></code>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">the
+unmatched
+part
+of
+iri
+.
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+then
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+expanded
+from
+an
+index
+map
+as
+follows:
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-new">For
+each
+key-value
+pair
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+index
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+-
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+index
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-new">
+ordered
+lexicographically
+by
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+index
+</ins></i>:<ol class="algorithm"><li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">terms
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">index
+value
+</ins></i>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">empty,
+return
+iri
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">not
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+it
+to
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+containing
+only
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+index
+value
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+return
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+index
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">shortest
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+of
+using
+this
+algorithm
+recursively,
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<i><ins class="diff-chg">
+key
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+as
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a>,
+and
+<del class="diff-old">lexicographically
+least
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">index
+</ins>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">in
+terms
+.
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">as
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<del class="diff-old">4.4.2
+Term
+Rank
+Algorithm
+When
+selecting
+among
+multiple
+possible
+terms
+for
+a
+given
+property,
+it
+may
+be
+that
+multiple
+terms
+are
+defined
+with
+the
+same
+IRI
+,
+but
+differ
+</del>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-chg">For
+each
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i>
+in
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">index
+value
+</ins></i>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+does
+not
+have
+the
+key
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@type
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@index
+</ins>
+</code>,
+<ins class="diff-new">add
+the
+key-value
+pair
+(
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@container
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@index
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">or
+@language
+.
+The
+purpose
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">-
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+index
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+)
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Append
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+value
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+result
+</ins>
+of
+<ins class="diff-new">using
+</ins>
+this
+algorithm
+<ins class="diff-new">recursively,
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<i><ins class="diff-new">
+key
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+for
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+property
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+element
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+expanded
+value
+</ins></i>
+is
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
+<ins class="diff-new">null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+ignore
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+key
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+by
+continuing
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">take
+a
+term
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+next
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+key
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+from
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+mapping
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">associated
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+key
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@list
+</ins></code>
+and
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">expanded
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+not
+already
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+list
+object
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+convert
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+expanded
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+</ins>
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">
+<ins class="diff-new">list
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+by
+first
+setting
+it
+to
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-new">
+array
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+containing
+only
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+expanded
+</ins>
+value
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-new">if
+it
+is
+not
+already
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-new">
+array
+</ins></a>,
+and
+<del class="diff-old">give
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">then
+by
+setting
+</ins>
+it
+<ins class="diff-new">to
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">term
+rank
+.
+The
+selection
+can
+then
+be
+based,
+partly,
+on
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+containing
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">term
+having
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key-value
+pair
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@list
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+-
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+value
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+if
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">highest
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
+term
+<del class="diff-old">rank
+.
+Given
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+associated
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+key
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+indicates
+that
+it
+is
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">term
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="reverse-property" href="#dfn-reverse-property">
+<ins class="diff-chg">reverse
+property
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">term
+,
+value
+,
+</del>
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+no
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@reverse
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member,
+create
+one
+</ins>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">active
+context
+determine
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">initialize
+its
+value
+to
+an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Reference
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">term
+rank
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+of
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@reverse
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i>
+using
+the
+<del class="diff-old">following
+steps:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">variable
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+reverse
+map
+</ins></i>.</li>
+<li>
+If
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">expanded
+</ins>
+value
+</i>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">null
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">not
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins>
+</a>,
+<del class="diff-old">term
+rank
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">set
+it
+to
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">is
+3
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">containing
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+value
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+if
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">For
+each
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+</ins>
+value
+</i>
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i>
+is
+a
+<del class="diff-old">JSON
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object">
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+</ins>
+object
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">containing
+only
+the
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+list
+object
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+an
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--reverse-value"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+reverse
+</ins>
+property
+<del class="diff-old">@list
+:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+</ins></a></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+</ins></li>
+<li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">the
+@list
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">reverse
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+no
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+</ins>
+property
+<del class="diff-old">is
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member,
+create
+one
+and
+initialize
+its
+value
+to
+</ins>
+an
+empty
+<del class="diff-old">array,
+if
+term
+has
+@container
+set
+to
+@list
+,
+term
+rank
+is
+1
+,
+otherwise
+0
+.
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
+<ins class="diff-chg">array
+</ins></a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+return
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Append
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">sum
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+</ins>
+of
+the
+<del class="diff-old">term
+rank
+s
+for
+every
+entry
+in
+the
+list.
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">expanded
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+reverse
+map
+</ins></i>.</li></ol>
+</li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+<li>
+Otherwise,
+<del class="diff-old">value
+must
+be
+a
+subject
+definition
+,
+subject
+reference
+,
+or
+a
+JSON
+object
+having
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+key
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+not
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">@value
+.
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="reverse-property" href="#dfn-reverse-property">
+<ins class="diff-chg">reverse
+property
+</ins></a>:
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+If
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+does
+not
+have
+an
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member,
+create
+one
+and
+initialize
+its
+</ins>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">has
+a
+@value
+property:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">to
+an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a>.</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">If
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Append
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+</ins>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">has
+a
+@type
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">to
+value
+of
+the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+</ins>
+property
+<del class="diff-old">matching
+a
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+contains
+the
+key
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@type
+coercion
+for
+term
+,
+term
+rank
+is
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@value
+</ins></code>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+must
+not
+contain
+any
+keys
+other
+than
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">3
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@value
+</ins>
+</code>,
+<del class="diff-old">otherwise
+if
+term
+has
+no
+@type
+coercion
+and
+no
+</del>
+<code>
+@language
+</code>,
+<del class="diff-old">term
+rank
+is
+</del>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@type
+</ins>
+</code>,
+<del class="diff-old">otherwise
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">and
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">0
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@index
+</ins>
+</code>.
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+if
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">It
+must
+not
+contain
+both
+the
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@value
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@language
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">is
+not
+a
+string
+,
+if
+term
+has
+no
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key
+and
+the
+</ins>
+<code>
+@type
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">or
+@language
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key.
+Otherwise,
+an
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-value-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+value
+object
+</ins></a>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">it
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+</ins>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">2
+,
+otherwise
+1
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">aborted.
+</ins>
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+if
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+the
+</ins>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">has
+no
+@language
+property,
+if
+term
+has
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+'s
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@language
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@value
+</ins>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-new">key
+is
+</ins>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
+null
+</a>,
+<del class="diff-old">or
+term
+has
+no
+@type
+or
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">then
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+if
+the
+value
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+'s
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@language
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@value
+</ins>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-new">member
+is
+not
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-new">
+string
+</ins></a>
+and
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+contains
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">active
+context
+has
+no
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key
+</ins>
+<code>
+@language
+</code>,
+<del class="diff-old">term
+rank
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-tagged-value"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+language-tagged
+value
+</ins>
+</a>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-new">error
+has
+been
+detected
+(only
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-new">
+strings
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+can
+be
+language-tagged)
+and
+processing
+</ins>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">3
+,
+otherwise
+0
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">aborted.
+</ins>
+</li>
+<li>
+Otherwise,
+if
+<del class="diff-old">value
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i>
+has
+a
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@language
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@type
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">property
+matching
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member
+and
+its
+value
+is
+not
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">@language
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
+<ins class="diff-chg">string
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+an
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-typed-value"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+typed
+value
+</ins></a>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">definition
+for
+term
+(or
+term
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">error
+</ins>
+has
+<del class="diff-old">no
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+contains
+the
+key
+</ins>
+<code>
+@type
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">or
+@language
+definition
+</del>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">@language
+in
+the
+active
+context
+matches
+the
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">its
+associated
+</ins>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">@language
+),
+term
+rank
+</del>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">3
+,
+otherwise
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">not
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+it
+to
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+containing
+only
+the
+associated
+value.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+</ins>
+if
+<del class="diff-old">term
+has
+no
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+contains
+the
+key
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@type
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@set
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">coercion
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">or
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@list
+</ins></code>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+must
+contain
+at
+most
+one
+other
+key
+</ins>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">no
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">that
+key
+must
+be
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@language
+,
+term
+rank
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@index
+</ins></code>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+an
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-set-or-list-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+set
+or
+list
+object
+</ins>
+</a>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-new">error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+</ins>
+is
+<ins class="diff-new">aborted.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+contains
+the
+key
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@set
+</ins>
+</code>,
+<del class="diff-old">otherwise
+0
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">then
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+key's
+associated
+value.
+</ins>
+</li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+if
+term
+has
+@type
+coerced
+to
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+contains
+only
+the
+key
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@id
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@language
+</ins>
+</code>,
+<del class="diff-old">term
+rank
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins>
+</a>
+is
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
+<ins class="diff-new">null
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+or
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">3
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@graph
+</ins>
+</code>,
+<del class="diff-old">otherwise
+if
+term
+has
+no
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">drop
+free-floating
+values
+as
+follows:
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+contains
+the
+keys
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@type
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@value
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">coercion
+and
+no
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">or
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@language
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@list
+</ins>
+</code>,
+<del class="diff-old">term
+rank
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">whose
+only
+key
+</ins>
+is
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@id
+</ins>
+</code>,
+<del class="diff-old">otherwise
+0
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>.
+</li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+<li>
+Return
+<del class="diff-old">term
+rank
+.
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+</ol>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If,
+after
+the
+above
+algorithm
+is
+run,
+the
+result
+is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+that
+contains
+only
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@graph
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key,
+set
+the
+result
+to
+the
+value
+of
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@graph
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+'s
+value.
+Otherwise,
+if
+the
+result
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+it
+to
+an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Finally,
+if
+the
+result
+is
+not
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+then
+set
+the
+result
+to
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+containing
+only
+the
+result.
+</ins></p></section></section><section id="value-expansion">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.5
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">7.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+Value
+Expansion
+</h3>
+<p>
+Some
+values
+in
+JSON-LD
+can
+be
+expressed
+in
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compacted-form" href="#dfn-compacted-form">
+compact
+<del class="diff-old">form.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">form
+</ins></a>.
+These
+values
+are
+required
+to
+be
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="expansion" href="#dfn-expansion">
+expanded
+</a>
+at
+times
+when
+processing
+JSON-LD
+documents.
+<del class="diff-old">The
+algorithm
+for
+expanding
+a
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">A
+</ins>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">takes
+an
+active
+property
+and
+active
+context
+.
+It
+</del>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">implemented
+as
+follows:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">said
+to
+be
+in
+</ins><dfn title="expanded-form" id="dfn-expanded-form"><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+form
+</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-chg">
+after
+the
+application
+of
+this
+algorithm.
+</ins>
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">If
+</del>
+<section class="informative">
+<h4 id="general-solution-4">
+<ins class="diff-chg">General
+Solution
+</ins></h4><p>
+<em>
+<del class="diff-old">value
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">This
+section
+</ins>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">null
+,
+the
+value
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">non-normative.
+</ins>
+</em>
+<del class="diff-old">is
+already
+expanded.
+</del>
+</p>
+<p>
+If
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
+active
+property
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">is
+@graph
+or
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">has
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">target
+of
+an
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+<ins class="diff-chg">active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+to
+</ins>
+<code>
+@id
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">coercion,
+expand
+the
+value
+into
+an
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">or
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@vocab
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+</ins>
+object
+</a>
+with
+a
+<del class="diff-old">key-value
+pair
+where
+the
+key
+is
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">single
+member
+</ins>
+<code>
+@id
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">and
+the
+value
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">whose
+values
+</ins>
+is
+the
+<del class="diff-old">expanded
+IRI
+according
+to
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+of
+using
+</ins>
+the
+<a href="#iri-expansion">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+Expansion
+<ins class="diff-new">algorithm
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">rules.
+Otherwise,
+if
+active
+property
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">on
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">not
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">returned.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+the
+result
+will
+be
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">keyword
+,
+then
+expand
+value
+into
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+containing
+</ins>
+an
+<del class="diff-old">object:
+Set
+the
+first
+key-value
+pair
+to
+</del>
+<code>
+@value
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">and
+the
+unexpanded
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member
+whose
+</ins>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">.
+If
+the
+active
+property
+</del>
+is
+the
+<del class="diff-old">target
+of
+typed
+literal
+coercion,
+set
+the
+second
+key-value
+pair
+to
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">passed
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Additionally,
+an
+</ins>
+<code>
+@type
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">and
+the
+associated
+coercion
+datatype
+expanded
+according
+to
+the
+IRI
+Expansion
+rules.
+Otherwise,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member
+will
+be
+included
+</ins>
+if
+<ins class="diff-new">there
+is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+type
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+associated
+with
+</ins>
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
+active
+property
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">is
+the
+target
+of
+language
+tagging,
+set
+the
+second
+key-value
+pair
+to
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">or
+an
+</ins>
+<code>
+@language
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">and
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member
+if
+</ins><i>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">of
+the
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-chg">
+string
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+there
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
+language
+<del class="diff-old">tagging
+from
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+associated
+with
+</ins>
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
+active
+<del class="diff-old">context
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">property
+</ins>
+</a>.
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+value
+is
+already
+expanded.
+4.6
+Value
+Compaction
+Some
+values,
+such
+as
+IRIs
+and
+typed
+literals
+,
+may
+be
+expressed
+in
+an
+expanded
+form
+in
+JSON-LD.
+These
+values
+are
+required
+to
+be
+compacted
+at
+times
+when
+processing
+JSON-LD
+documents.
+</del>
+</p>
+</section>
+<section>
+<h4 id="algorithm-4">
+<ins class="diff-new">Algorithm
+</ins></h4>
+<p>
+The
+algorithm
+<del class="diff-old">for
+compacting
+an
+expanded
+value
+value
+</del>
+takes
+<ins class="diff-new">three
+required
+inputs:
+</ins>
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+<ins class="diff-chg">active
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
+active
+property
+</a>,
+and
+<del class="diff-old">active
+context
+.
+It
+is
+implemented
+as
+follows:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+expand.
+</ins>
+</p>
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">value
+only
+has
+one
+property
+and
+</del>
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
+active
+<del class="diff-old">context
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">property
+</ins>
+</a>
+has
+<del class="diff-old">no
+default
+language,
+then
+the
+compacted
+value
+is
+the
+value
+of
+@value
+.
+Otherwise,
+if
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+active
+<del class="diff-old">property
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">context
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">that
+</ins>
+is
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@graph
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@id
+</ins>
+</code>,
+<ins class="diff-new">return
+a
+new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+containing
+a
+single
+key-value
+pair
+where
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">compacted
+value
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key
+</ins>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">the
+value
+associated
+with
+the
+</del>
+<code>
+@id
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">key,
+processed
+according
+to
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">and
+</ins>
+the
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+is
+the
+result
+of
+using
+the
+</ins><a href="#iri-expansion">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">Compaction
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Expansion
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">steps.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+documentRelative
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+if
+the
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+active
+context
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">contains
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">that
+is
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@vocab
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+return
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">coercion
+target
+for
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+containing
+a
+single
+key-value
+pair
+where
+</ins>
+the
+key
+<del class="diff-old">that
+matches
+the
+expression
+of
+the
+value,
+compact
+the
+value
+using
+the
+following
+steps:
+If
+the
+coercion
+target
+</del>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">an
+</del>
+<code>
+@id
+<del class="diff-old">,
+</del>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">and
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">compacted
+</del>
+value
+is
+the
+<del class="diff-old">value
+associated
+with
+the
+@id
+key,
+processed
+according
+to
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+of
+using
+</ins>
+the
+<a href="#iri-expansion">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">Compaction
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Expansion
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">steps.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+vocabRelative
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+documentRelative
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">If
+the
+coercion
+target
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Otherwise,
+initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+with
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@value
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+whose
+value
+</ins>
+is
+<ins class="diff-new">set
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+has
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">typed
+literal
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
+<ins class="diff-chg">type
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins>
+</a>,
+<del class="diff-old">the
+compacted
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">add
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@type
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+set
+its
+</ins>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">is
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">to
+</ins>
+the
+value
+associated
+with
+the
+<del class="diff-old">@value
+key.
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
+<ins class="diff-chg">type
+mapping
+</ins></a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+Otherwise,
+if
+<i>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">contains
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-chg">
+string
+</ins></a>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+associated
+with
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+add
+</ins>
+an
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@id
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@language
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">key,
+the
+compacted
+value
+is
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+set
+its
+</ins>
+value
+<ins class="diff-chg">to
+the
+language
+code
+associated
+</ins>
+with
+the
+<del class="diff-old">value
+of
+@id
+processed
+according
+to
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
+<ins class="diff-chg">language
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+;
+unless
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">IRI
+Compaction
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
+<ins class="diff-chg">language
+mapping
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">steps.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+set
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+which
+case
+no
+member
+is
+added.
+</ins>
+</li>
+<li>
+Otherwise,
+if
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+active
+context
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">contains
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">has
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">@language
+,
+which
+matches
+the
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language">
+<ins class="diff-chg">default
+language
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+add
+an
+</ins>
+<code>
+@language
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">of
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+set
+its
+value
+to
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">value,
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language">
+<ins class="diff-chg">default
+language
+</ins></a>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Return
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></section></section></section><section id="compaction-algorithms"><h2><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+8.
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Compaction
+Algorithms
+</ins></h2><section id="compaction-algorithm"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+8.1
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Compaction
+Algorithm
+</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+This
+algorithm
+compacts
+a
+JSON-LD
+document,
+such
+that
+the
+given
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+applied.
+This
+must
+result
+in
+shortening
+any
+applicable
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRIs
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+terms
+</ins></a>
+or
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">
+<ins class="diff-new">compact
+IRIs
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+any
+applicable
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword"><ins class="diff-new">
+keywords
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword-alias" href="#dfn-keyword-alias"><ins class="diff-new">
+keyword
+aliases
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+and
+any
+applicable
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-value" href="#dfn-json-ld-value"><ins class="diff-new">
+JSON-LD
+values
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+expressed
+in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="expanded-form" href="#dfn-expanded-form"><ins class="diff-new">
+expanded
+form
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+simple
+values
+such
+as
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-new">
+strings
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number"><ins class="diff-new">
+numbers
+</ins></a>.</p><section class="informative"><h4 id="general-solution-5"><ins class="diff-new">
+General
+Solution
+</ins></h4><p><em><ins class="diff-new">
+This
+section
+is
+non-normative.
+</ins></em></p><p><ins class="diff-new">
+Starting
+with
+its
+root
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+element
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-new">
+we
+can
+process
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">value
+has
+only
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+document
+recursively,
+until
+we
+have
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">@value
+key,
+the
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">fully
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="compaction" href="#dfn-compaction">
+compacted
+<del class="diff-old">value
+is
+</del>
+</a>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+</ins></i>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+When
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="compaction" href="#dfn-compaction"><ins class="diff-chg">
+compacting
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+an
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+we
+can
+treat
+each
+one
+differently
+according
+to
+its
+type,
+in
+order
+to
+break
+down
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">value
+associated
+with
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">problem:
+</ins></p><ol><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">@value
+key.
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="scalar" href="#dfn-scalar"><ins class="diff-chg">
+scalar
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+it
+is
+already
+in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="compacted-form" href="#dfn-compacted-form"><ins class="diff-chg">
+compacted
+form
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+so
+we
+simply
+return
+it.
+</ins>
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+if
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">value
+contains
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+we
+compact
+each
+of
+its
+items
+recursively
+and
+return
+them
+in
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">@type
+key,
+the
+compacted
+value
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i>
+is
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+</ins>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">with
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">of
+each
+key
+in
+element
+is
+compacted
+recursively.
+Some
+of
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">@type
+value
+processed
+according
+to
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">keys
+will
+be
+compacted,
+using
+</ins>
+the
+<a href="#iri-compaction">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+Compaction
+<ins class="diff-new">algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-new">
+terms
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">steps.
+Otherwise,
+the
+value
+is
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+compact
+IRIs
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+others
+will
+be
+compacted
+from
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword"><ins class="diff-chg">
+keywords
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword-alias" href="#dfn-keyword-alias"><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword
+aliases
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+simply
+left
+unchanged
+because
+they
+do
+</ins>
+not
+<del class="diff-old">modified.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">have
+definitions
+in
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Values
+will
+be
+converted
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="compacted-form" href="#dfn-compacted-form"><ins class="diff-chg">
+compacted
+form
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+via
+the
+</ins><a href="#value-compaction"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Value
+Compaction
+algorithm
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Some
+data
+will
+be
+reshaped
+based
+on
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+mappings
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+specified
+in
+the
+context
+such
+as
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@index
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@language
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+maps.
+</ins>
+</li>
+</ol>
+<del class="diff-old">4.7
+Expansion
+</del>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">Expansion
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+final
+output
+</ins>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">the
+process
+of
+taking
+</del>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">JSON-LD
+document
+and
+applying
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+with
+</ins>
+a
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-new">@context
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+key,
+if
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
+context
+<del class="diff-old">such
+that
+all
+IRI
+,
+datatypes,
+and
+literal
+values
+are
+expanded
+so
+that
+</del>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">was
+given,
+where
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">context
+is
+no
+longer
+necessary.
+JSON-LD
+document
+expansion
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON
+object
+</ins></a>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">typically
+used
+as
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">either
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">part
+of
+other
+JSON-LD
+API
+methods.
+For
+example,
+assume
+the
+following
+JSON-LD
+input
+document:
+{
+ "@context":
+ {
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "homepage": {
+ "@id": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
+ "@type", "@id"
+ }
+ },
+ "name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
+}
+Running
+the
+JSON-LD
+Expansion
+algorithm
+against
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">wrapper
+for
+it
+where
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+appears
+as
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">JSON-LD
+input
+document
+provided
+above
+would
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+of
+an
+(aliased)
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@graph
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key
+because
+</ins><i>
+result
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-new">contained
+two
+or
+more
+items
+</ins>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">the
+following
+output:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a>.
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage": {
+ "@id": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
+ }
+}
+4.7.1
+Expansion
+</del>
+</section>
+<section>
+<h4 id="algorithm-5">
+Algorithm
+</h4>
+<p>
+The
+algorithm
+takes
+<del class="diff-old">three
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">five
+required
+</ins>
+input
+variables:
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+active
+context
+</a>,
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
+<ins class="diff-chg">inverse
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
+active
+property
+</a>,
+<del class="diff-old">and
+</del>
+an
+<i>
+element
+</i>
+to
+be
+<del class="diff-old">expanded.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">compacted,
+and
+a
+flag
+</ins><code class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-compactArrays"><ins class="diff-chg">
+compactArrays
+</ins></a></code>.
+To
+begin,
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+active
+context
+</a>
+is
+set
+to
+the
+result
+of
+<del class="diff-old">performing,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">performing
+</ins><a href="#context-processing-algorithm">
+Context
+Processing
+</a>
+on
+the
+passed
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
+context
+<del class="diff-old">,
+or
+to
+</del>
+</a>,
+the
+<del class="diff-old">initial
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
+<ins class="diff-chg">inverse
+</ins>
+context
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">if
+context
+</del>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">null
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">set
+to
+the
+result
+of
+performing
+the
+</ins><a href="#inverse-context-creation"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Inverse
+Context
+Creation
+algorithm
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+on
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins>
+</a>,
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
+active
+property
+</a>
+is
+set
+to
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
+null
+</a>,
+<del class="diff-old">and
+</del>
+<i>
+element
+</i>
+is
+set
+to
+the
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+of
+performing
+the
+</ins><a href="#expansion-algorithm"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Expansion
+algorithm
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+on
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-input" href="#dfn-json-ld-input">
+JSON-LD
+input
+</a>,
+<ins class="diff-new">and,
+if
+not
+passed,
+</ins><code class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-compactArrays"><ins class="diff-new">
+compactArrays
+</ins></a></code><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+set
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-new">
+true
+</ins>
+</a>.
+</p>
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+If
+<i>
+element
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="scalar" href="#dfn-scalar"><ins class="diff-chg">
+scalar
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+it
+is
+already
+in
+its
+most
+compact
+form,
+so
+simply
+return
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i>
+is
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
+array
+<del class="diff-old">,
+process
+</del>
+</a>:
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+For
+</ins>
+each
+<del class="diff-old">entry
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">item
+</ins></i>
+in
+<i>
+element
+<del class="diff-old">recursively
+</del>
+</i>:
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+compacted
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+result
+of
+</ins>
+using
+this
+<del class="diff-old">algorithm,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">algorithm
+recursively,
+</ins>
+passing
+<del class="diff-old">copies
+of
+the
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+active
+context
+<del class="diff-old">and
+</del>
+</a>,
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
+<ins class="diff-chg">inverse
+context
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
+active
+property
+<del class="diff-old">.
+</del>
+</a>,
+<ins class="diff-chg">and
+em>item
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+compacted
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+not
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+then
+append
+it
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li><li>
+If
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+contains
+only
+one
+item
+(it
+</ins>
+has
+a
+<ins class="diff-new">length
+of
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@container
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">1
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+),
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+no
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><code class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-compactArrays"><ins class="diff-chg">
+compactArrays
+</ins></a>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-new">is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-new">
+true
+</ins></a>,
+set
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">result
+</ins></i>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">@list
+and
+any
+entry
+in
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">its
+only
+item.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Return
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise
+</ins><i>
+element
+</i>
+is
+<ins class="diff-new">a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+has
+</ins>
+an
+<del class="diff-old">array
+,
+</del>
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@value
+</ins></code>
+or
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-new">@id
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+member
+and
+the
+result
+of
+using
+the
+</ins><a href="#value-compaction"><ins class="diff-new">
+Value
+Compaction
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+inverse
+context
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+property
+</ins></a>,and<i><ins class="diff-new">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+as
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i>
+is
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="scalar" href="#dfn-scalar">
+<ins class="diff-chg">scalar
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+return
+that
+result.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+inside
+reverse
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+if
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+equals
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@reverse
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+otherwise
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false"><ins class="diff-chg">
+false
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+JSON
+object
+<del class="diff-old">containing
+a
+</del>
+</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-chg">For
+each
+key
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+value
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+ordered
+lexicographically
+by
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+property
+</ins></i>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@list
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@id
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">property,
+throw
+an
+exception,
+as
+lists
+of
+lists
+are
+not
+allowed.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">or
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@type
+</ins></code>:<ol class="algorithm"><li>
+If
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">expanded
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-new">
+string
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+then
+initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+compacted
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+the
+result
+of
+using
+</ins>
+the
+<a href="#iri-compaction">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+<ins class="diff-new">IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
+Compaction
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+inverse
+context
+</ins></a>,<i>
+expanded
+<del class="diff-old">entry
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+iri
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+vocabRelative
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+property
+</ins></i>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">null,
+drop
+it.
+If
+it's
+an
+array,
+merge
+its
+entries
+with
+element
+'s
+entries.
+</del>
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@type
+</ins></code>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false"><ins class="diff-chg">
+false
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+otherwise.
+</ins>
+</li>
+<li>
+Otherwise,
+<del class="diff-old">if
+element
+is
+an
+object
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">expanded
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+must
+be
+a
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@type
+</ins></code><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a>:
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-new">Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+compacted
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-new">
+array
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+For
+each
+item
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+expanded
+type
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+expanded
+value
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-new">
+append
+the
+result
+of
+of
+using
+the
+</ins><a href="#iri-compaction"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
+Compaction
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+inverse
+context
+</ins></a>,<i><ins class="diff-new">
+expanded
+type
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+iri
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-new">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-new">
+true
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+vocabRelative
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-new">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+compacted
+value
+</ins></i>.</li><li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">element
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">compacted
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+contains
+only
+one
+item
+(it
+</ins>
+has
+a
+<ins class="diff-new">length
+of
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@context
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">1
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">property,
+update
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">),
+then
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+compacted
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+its
+only
+item.
+</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+alias
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins>
+the
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+of
+using
+the
+</ins><a href="#iri-compaction"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+Compaction
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+active
+context
+<del class="diff-old">according
+</del>
+</a>,
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
+<ins class="diff-chg">inverse
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+iri
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Add
+a
+member
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+alias
+</ins></i>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">the
+steps
+outlined
+in
+Context
+Processing
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+whose
+value
+is
+set
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+compacted
+value
+</ins></i>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">remove
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">continue
+to
+</ins>
+the
+<ins class="diff-new">next
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+expanded
+property
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+expanded
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@context
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@reverse
+</ins></code>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+compacted
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+result
+of
+using
+this
+algorithm
+recursively,
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+inverse
+context
+</ins></a>,<code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@reverse
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">property.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">for
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Then,
+proceed
+and
+process
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">For
+</ins>
+each
+<i>
+property
+</i>
+and
+<i>
+value
+</i>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">element
+as
+follows:
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">compacted
+value
+</ins></i>:
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Remove
+property
+from
+element
+,
+expand
+property
+according
+to
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">steps
+outlined
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
+<ins class="diff-chg">term
+definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+property
+</ins></i>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">IRI
+Expansion
+.
+Set
+</del>
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+active
+<del class="diff-old">property
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">context
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">to
+the
+original
+un-expanded
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">indicates
+that
+</ins><i>
+property
+<del class="diff-old">if
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="reverse-property" href="#dfn-reverse-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+reverse
+</ins>
+property
+</a>
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+</ins><code class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-compactArrays"><ins class="diff-chg">
+compactArrays
+</ins></a></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false"><ins class="diff-chg">
+false
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>
+is
+not
+<ins class="diff-new">an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-new">
+array
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">keyword
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+containing
+only
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+If
+<i>
+property
+<del class="diff-old">does
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+</ins>
+not
+<del class="diff-old">expand
+to
+</del>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">keyword
+or
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+add
+one
+and
+set
+its
+value
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+if
+the
+value
+of
+the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+not
+</ins>
+an
+<del class="diff-old">absolute
+IRI
+(i.e.,
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
+<ins class="diff-chg">array
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+</ins>
+it
+<del class="diff-old">doesn't
+contain
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">to
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">colon),
+continue
+with
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+containing
+only
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">next
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value.
+Then
+append
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+its
+value
+if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+not
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+otherwise
+append
+each
+of
+its
+items.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Remove
+the
+</ins><i>
+property
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-new">member
+</ins>
+from
+<del class="diff-old">element
+.
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">compacted
+value
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li></ol>
+</li>
+<li>
+If
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">compacted
+</ins>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">is
+null
+and
+property
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">has
+some
+remaining
+members,
+i.e.,
+it
+</ins>
+is
+not
+<ins class="diff-new">an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+alias
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+the
+result
+of
+using
+the
+</ins><a href="#iri-compaction"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
+Compaction
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+inverse
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+and
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@value
+,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@reverse
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+iri
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Set
+the
+value
+of
+the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+alias
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+compacted
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins>
+continue
+with
+the
+next
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">expanded
+</ins>
+property
+</i>
+from
+<i>
+element
+<del class="diff-old">.
+</del>
+</i>.
+</li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+<li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">the
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">expanded
+</ins>
+property
+</i>
+is
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@id
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@index
+</ins>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-new">and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+has
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+container
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+that
+is
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@index
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-new">
+then
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">value
+must
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">compacted
+result
+will
+</ins>
+be
+<del class="diff-old">a
+string
+.
+Expand
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">inside
+of
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@index
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+container,
+drop
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">value
+according
+</del>
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@index
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+property
+by
+continuing
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">IRI
+Expansion
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+next
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+property
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+Otherwise,
+if
+<del class="diff-old">the
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">expanded
+</ins>
+property
+</i>
+is
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@type
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@index
+</ins></code>,<code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@value
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@language
+</ins>
+</code>:
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">If
+value
+is
+a
+string
+,
+expand
+according
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+alias
+</ins></i>
+to
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+result
+of
+using
+the
+</ins><a href="#iri-compaction">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">Expansion
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Compaction
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+inverse
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+iri
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+if
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Add
+a
+member
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+alias
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+whose
+</ins>
+value
+is
+<del class="diff-old">a
+subject
+reference
+,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">set
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+continue
+with
+</ins>
+the
+<ins class="diff-new">next
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+expanded
+property
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i>
+expanded
+value
+</i>
+is
+<ins class="diff-new">an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-new">
+array
+</ins></a>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+item
+active
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+</ins>
+the
+result
+of
+<del class="diff-old">performing
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">using
+the
+</ins><a href="#iri-compaction">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">Expansion
+on
+the
+value
+of
+@id
+.
+Otherwise,
+if
+value
+is
+a
+JSON
+Object
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Compaction
+algorithm
+</ins>
+</a>,
+<del class="diff-old">it
+must
+be
+empty
+(used
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+inverse
+context
+</ins></a>,<i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+property
+</ins></i>
+for
+<del class="diff-old">Framing
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">iri
+</ins></i>,<i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">).
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+vocabRelative
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+inside
+reverse
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-new">If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+does
+not
+have
+the
+key
+that
+equals
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+item
+active
+property
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-new">
+set
+this
+key's
+value
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-new">
+array
+</ins></a>.
+Otherwise,
+if
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+key's
+</ins>
+value
+is
+<ins class="diff-new">not
+</ins>
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
+array
+</a>,
+<del class="diff-old">all
+elements
+must
+be
+either
+a
+string
+or
+subject
+reference
+.
+Expand
+value
+for
+each
+of
+its
+entries
+using
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">then
+set
+it
+to
+one
+containing
+only
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">previous
+three
+steps.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value.
+</ins>
+</li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+if
+the
+property
+is
+@value
+or
+@language
+the
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">At
+this
+point,
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+</ins>
+value
+</i>
+must
+<del class="diff-old">not
+</del>
+be
+<del class="diff-old">a
+JSON
+object
+or
+</del>
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
+array
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">due
+to
+the
+</ins><a href="#expansion-algorithm"><ins class="diff-new">
+Expansion
+algorithm
+</ins>
+</a>.
+<ins class="diff-chg">For
+each
+item
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+value
+</ins></i>:<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+if
+the
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+active
+</ins>
+property
+<del class="diff-old">is
+@list
+or
+@set
+expand
+value
+recursively
+using
+this
+algorithm,
+passing
+copies
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">to
+the
+result
+</ins>
+of
+<ins class="diff-new">using
+</ins>
+the
+<a href="#iri-compaction">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+<ins class="diff-chg">IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+Compaction
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+active
+context
+</a>,
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
+<ins class="diff-new">inverse
+context
+</ins></a>,<i><ins class="diff-new">
+expanded
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+iri
+</ins></i>,<i><ins class="diff-new">
+expanded
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-new">
+true
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+vocabRelative
+</ins></i>,
+and
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">inside
+reverse
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+there
+is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins>
+active
+property
+<del class="diff-old">.
+If
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+its
+value.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+compacted
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins>
+the
+<ins class="diff-new">result
+of
+using
+this
+algorithm
+recursively,
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+inverse
+context
+</ins></a>,<i><ins class="diff-new">
+item
+active
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+for
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+property
+</ins></a>,<i>
+expanded
+<ins class="diff-chg">item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+if
+it
+does
+not
+contain
+the
+key
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@list
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+otherwise
+pass
+the
+key's
+associated
+</ins>
+value
+<ins class="diff-chg">for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+list
+object
+</ins></a>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+compacted
+item
+</ins></i>
+is
+not
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
+array
+</a>,
+<del class="diff-old">convert
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">then
+set
+</ins>
+it
+to
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
+array
+<del class="diff-old">.
+</del>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">containing
+only
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+compacted
+item
+</ins></i>.</li><li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">property
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">container
+</ins></i>
+is
+<ins class="diff-new">not
+</ins>
+<code>
+@list
+<del class="diff-old">and
+any
+entry
+in
+value
+is
+</del>
+</code>:
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Convert
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+compacted
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins>
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">
+<ins class="diff-chg">list
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+by
+setting
+it
+to
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+JSON
+object
+</a>
+containing
+<del class="diff-old">an
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key-value
+pair
+where
+the
+key
+is
+the
+result
+of
+the
+</ins><a href="#iri-compaction"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+Compaction
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+inverse
+context
+</ins></a>,
+<code>
+@list
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">property,
+throw
+an
+exception,
+as
+lists
+of
+lists
+are
+not
+supported.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+iri
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+compacted
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+expand
+value
+recursively
+using
+this
+algorithm,
+passing
+copies
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+contains
+the
+key
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@index
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+then
+add
+a
+key-value
+pair
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+compacted
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+where
+the
+key
+is
+the
+result
+</ins>
+of
+the
+<a href="#iri-compaction">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+<ins class="diff-chg">IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+Compaction
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+active
+context
+</a>,
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
+<ins class="diff-chg">inverse
+context
+</ins></a>,<code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@index
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+as
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+iri
+</ins></i>,
+and
+<del class="diff-old">active
+property
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+associated
+with
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@index
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+as
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>.</li></ol>
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">If
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Otherwise,
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+active
+</ins>
+property
+<del class="diff-old">is
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">must
+</ins>
+not
+<ins class="diff-new">be
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">keyword
+and
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+because
+there
+cannot
+be
+two
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+list
+objects
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+associated
+with
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
+active
+property
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">that
+</ins>
+has
+a
+<del class="diff-old">@container
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
+<ins class="diff-chg">container
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+;
+a
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.compaction-to-list-of-lists"><ins class="diff-chg">
+compaction
+to
+list
+of
+lists
+</ins></a>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-new">error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+container
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@list
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@language
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">and
+the
+expanded
+value
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">or
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@index
+</ins></code>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+active
+property
+</ins></i>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">not
+null
+,
+convert
+value
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+key
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+then
+initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+map
+object
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+its
+associated
+value,
+otherwise
+initialize
+it
+</ins>
+to
+an
+<ins class="diff-chg">empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+</ins>
+object
+<del class="diff-old">with
+an
+</del>
+</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@list
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@language
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">property
+whose
+value
+is
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+compacted
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+contains
+the
+key
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@value
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+then
+</ins>
+set
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">compacted
+item
+</ins></i>
+to
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+</ins>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">(unless
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">associated
+with
+its
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@value
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+map
+key
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+</ins>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">is
+already
+in
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">associated
+with
+with
+the
+key
+</ins>
+that
+<del class="diff-old">form).
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">equals
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+expanded
+item
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Convert
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+map
+key
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+not
+a
+key
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+map
+object
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+then
+set
+this
+key's
+</ins>
+value
+<ins class="diff-chg">in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+map
+object
+</ins></i>
+to
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">compacted
+item
+</ins></i>.<ins class="diff-new">
+Otherwise,
+if
+the
+value
+is
+not
+an
+</ins>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
+array
+<del class="diff-old">form
+unless
+</del>
+</a>,
+<ins class="diff-chg">then
+set
+it
+to
+one
+containing
+only
+the
+</ins>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">is
+null
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">and
+then
+append
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+compacted
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+it.
+</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><code class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-compactArrays"><ins class="diff-chg">
+compactArrays
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">or
+property
+</del>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false"><ins class="diff-chg">
+false
+</ins></a>,<i><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+</ins></i>
+is
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@id
+,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@set
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@type
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@list
+</ins>
+</code>,
+<ins class="diff-new">or
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+expanded
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@value
+,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@list
+</ins></code>
+or
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@language
+.
+If
+value
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@graph
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+compacted
+item
+</ins></i>
+is
+not
+<del class="diff-old">null
+,
+either
+merge
+value
+into
+</del>
+an
+<del class="diff-old">existing
+property
+property
+of
+element
+or
+create
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
+<ins class="diff-chg">array
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+it
+to
+</ins>
+a
+new
+<del class="diff-old">property
+property
+with
+value
+as
+value.
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
+<ins class="diff-chg">array
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+containing
+only
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+compacted
+item
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">the
+processed
+element
+has
+an
+@value
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">item
+active
+</ins>
+property
+<del class="diff-old">element
+must
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+</ins>
+not
+<del class="diff-old">have
+more
+than
+one
+other
+property,
+which
+can
+either
+be
+@language
+or
+@type
+with
+</del>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">string
+value.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+then
+add
+the
+key-value
+pair,
+(
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+active
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+-
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+compacted
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+),
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-new">Otherwise,
+</ins>
+if
+the
+value
+<del class="diff-old">of
+@value
+equals
+null
+,
+replace
+element
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">associated
+</ins>
+with
+the
+<del class="diff-old">value
+of
+@value
+.
+Otherwise,
+if
+element
+has
+an
+@type
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key
+that
+equals
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+active
+</ins>
+property
+<del class="diff-old">and
+its
+value
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i>
+is
+not
+<del class="diff-old">in
+the
+form
+of
+</del>
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
+array
+</a>,
+<del class="diff-old">convert
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">set
+</ins>
+it
+to
+<del class="diff-old">an
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+new
+</ins>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
+array
+<del class="diff-old">.
+If
+element
+has
+an
+@set
+or
+@list
+property,
+it
+must
+be
+the
+</del>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">containing
+</ins>
+only
+<del class="diff-old">property.
+Set
+element
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+value.
+Then
+append
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+compacted
+item
+</ins></i>
+to
+the
+value
+<del class="diff-old">of
+@set
+;
+leave
+@list
+untouched.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+compacted
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+not
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+otherwise,
+concatenate
+it.
+</ins>
+</li>
+<del class="diff-old">If
+element
+has
+just
+a
+@language
+property,
+set
+element
+to
+null
+.
+</del>
+</ol>
+</li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+expand
+element
+according
+to
+the
+Value
+Expansion
+rules,
+passing
+copies
+of
+the
+active
+context
+and
+active
+property
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Return
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+</ol>
+<p>
+If,
+after
+the
+algorithm
+outlined
+above
+is
+run,
+the
+<del class="diff-old">resulting
+element
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i>
+is
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
+<ins class="diff-chg">array
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+replace
+it
+with
+a
+new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+JSON
+object
+</a>
+with
+<del class="diff-old">just
+</del>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">@graph
+property,
+element
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">single
+member
+whose
+key
+</ins>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">set
+to
+</del>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">value
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+</ins>
+of
+<ins class="diff-new">using
+the
+</ins><a href="#iri-compaction"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
+Compaction
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+inverse
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+and
+</ins>
+<code>
+@graph
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">'s
+value.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">as
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+iri
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+whose
+value
+is
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i>.
+Finally,
+if
+<del class="diff-old">element
+is
+</del>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">JSON
+object
+,
+it
+is
+wrapped
+into
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">context
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+been
+passed,
+add
+</ins>
+an
+<del class="diff-old">array
+.
+</del>
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@context
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+set
+its
+value
+to
+the
+passed
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></i>.
+</p>
+</section>
+</section>
+<section id="inverse-context-creation">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.8
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">8.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Compaction
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Inverse
+Context
+Creation
+</ins>
+</h3>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">Compaction
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">When
+there
+</ins>
+is
+<ins class="diff-new">more
+than
+one
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+that
+could
+be
+chosen
+to
+compact
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+it
+has
+to
+be
+ensured
+that
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">process
+of
+taking
+a
+JSON-LD
+document
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
+<ins class="diff-chg">term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+selection
+is
+both
+deterministic
+</ins>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">applying
+a
+context
+such
+that
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">represents
+</ins>
+the
+most
+<del class="diff-old">compact
+form
+of
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">context-appropriate
+choice
+whilst
+taking
+into
+consideration
+algorithmic
+complexity.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+In
+order
+to
+make
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+selections,
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">document
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">concept
+of
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+inverse
+context
+</ins></a>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">generated.
+JSON
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">introduced.
+An
+</ins><dfn title="inverse-context" id="dfn-inverse-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+inverse
+context
+</ins></dfn>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">typically
+expressed
+in
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">essentially
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">very
+compact,
+key-value
+format.
+That
+is,
+full
+IRIs
+are
+rarely
+used
+as
+keys.
+At
+times,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">reverse
+lookup
+table
+that
+maps
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+mappings
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+mappings
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+mappings
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">JSON-LD
+document
+may
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">simple
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+a
+given
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+inverse
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+only
+needs
+to
+</ins>
+be
+<del class="diff-old">received
+that
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">generated
+for
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+if
+it
+</ins>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">not
+in
+its
+most
+compact
+form.
+JSON-LD,
+via
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">being
+used
+for
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="compaction" href="#dfn-compaction"><ins class="diff-chg">
+compaction
+</ins></a>.</p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+To
+make
+use
+of
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+inverse
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+a
+list
+of
+preferred
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+mappings
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">API,
+provides
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
+<ins class="diff-chg">type
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+are
+gathered
+for
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">way
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">particular
+value
+associated
+with
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+These
+parameters
+are
+then
+fed
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">compact
+a
+JSON-LD
+document.
+For
+example,
+assume
+</del>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">following
+JSON-LD
+input
+document:
+</del>
+<a href="#term-selection">
+<ins class="diff-chg">Term
+Selection
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+which
+will
+find
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+that
+most
+appropriately
+matches
+the
+value's
+mappings.
+</ins>
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage": {
+ "@id": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
+ }
+}
+</del>
+<section class="informative">
+<h4 id="general-solution-6">
+<ins class="diff-chg">General
+Solution
+</ins></h4>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">Additionally,
+assume
+the
+following
+developer-supplied
+JSON-LD
+context:
+{
+ "@context": {
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "homepage": {
+ "@id": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
+ "@type": "@id"
+ }
+ }
+}
+</del>
+<em>
+<ins class="diff-chg">This
+section
+is
+non-normative.
+</ins></em></p>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">Running
+the
+JSON-LD
+Compaction
+algorithm
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">To
+create
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+inverse
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+a
+</ins>
+given
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+<ins class="diff-new">active
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+each
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+in
+</ins>
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+<ins class="diff-new">active
+</ins>
+context
+<del class="diff-old">supplied
+above
+against
+</del>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+visited,
+ordered
+by
+length,
+shortest
+first
+(ties
+are
+broken
+by
+choosing
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">JSON-LD
+input
+document
+provided
+above
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">lexicographically
+least
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+).
+For
+each
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+an
+entry
+is
+added
+to
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+inverse
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+each
+possible
+combination
+of
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+that
+</ins>
+would
+<del class="diff-old">result
+in
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">legally
+match
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">following
+output:
+{
+ "@context": {
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "homepage": {
+ "@id": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
+ "@type": "@id"
+ }
+ },
+ "name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
+}
+The
+compaction
+algorithm
+also
+enables
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
+<ins class="diff-chg">term
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Illegal
+matches
+include
+differences
+between
+a
+value's
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+that
+of
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">developer
+to
+map
+any
+expanded
+format
+into
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
+<ins class="diff-chg">term
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+no
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+mapping
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+mapping
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+(or
+some
+combination
+of
+these),
+then
+it
+will
+have
+</ins>
+an
+<del class="diff-old">application-specific
+compacted
+format.
+While
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">entry
+in
+</ins>
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
+<ins class="diff-new">inverse
+</ins>
+context
+<del class="diff-old">provided
+above
+mapped
+</del>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">using
+the
+special
+key
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@none
+</ins></code>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+This
+allows
+the
+</ins><a href="#term-selection"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Term
+Selection
+algorithm
+</ins></a>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">name
+,
+it
+could
+have
+also
+mapped
+it
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">fall
+back
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">any
+arbitrary
+string
+provided
+by
+the
+developer.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">choosing
+more
+generic
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+terms
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+when
+a
+more
+specifically-matching
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+not
+available
+for
+a
+particular
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<del class="diff-old">4.8.1
+Compaction
+</del>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+<ins class="diff-chg">IRI
+</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+value
+combination.
+</ins></p></section><section><h4 id="algorithm-6">
+Algorithm
+</h4>
+<p>
+The
+algorithm
+takes
+<del class="diff-old">three
+input
+variables:
+an
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">one
+required
+input:
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+active
+context
+<del class="diff-old">,
+an
+active
+property
+,
+and
+</del>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">that
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+inverse
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+being
+created
+for.
+</ins></p><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins>
+an
+<del class="diff-old">element
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+defaultLanguage
+</ins></i>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">be
+compacted.
+To
+begin,
+</del>
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@none
+</ins></code>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins>
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+active
+context
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">is
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">has
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language"><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+language
+</ins></a>,
+set
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">defaultLanguage
+</ins></i>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">the
+result
+of
+performing
+Context
+Processing
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">it.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+For
+each
+key
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">on
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">and
+value
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">passed
+context
+,
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+active
+<del class="diff-old">property
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+ordered
+by
+shortest
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+first
+(breaking
+ties
+by
+choosing
+the
+lexicographically
+least
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+):
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition
+</ins>
+</a>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">set
+to
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
+null
+</a>,
+<del class="diff-old">and
+element
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
+<ins class="diff-chg">term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+cannot
+be
+selected
+during
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="compaction" href="#dfn-compaction"><ins class="diff-chg">
+compaction
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+so
+continue
+to
+the
+next
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@none
+</ins></code>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+there
+</ins>
+is
+<ins class="diff-new">a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+container
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a>,
+set
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">container
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+its
+associated
+value.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+iri
+</ins></i>
+to
+the
+<del class="diff-old">result
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+</ins>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">performing
+</del>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">Expansion
+Algorithm
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+<ins class="diff-chg">IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+mapping
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">on
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">for
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">JSON-LD
+input
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
+<ins class="diff-chg">term
+definition
+</ins>
+</a>.
+<del class="diff-old">This
+removes
+any
+existing
+context
+to
+allow
+the
+given
+active
+context
+to
+be
+cleanly
+applied.
+</del>
+</li>
+<li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">element
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">iri
+</ins></i>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">an
+array
+,
+process
+each
+entry
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">not
+a
+key
+</ins>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">element
+recursively
+using
+this
+algorithm,
+passing
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+add
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">copy
+of
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key-value
+pair
+where
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">active
+context
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key
+is
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+iri
+</ins></i>
+and
+the
+<del class="diff-old">active
+property
+.
+If
+element
+has
+a
+single
+item,
+the
+compacted
+</del>
+value
+is
+<del class="diff-old">that
+item;
+otherwise
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Reference
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">compacted
+</del>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">is
+element
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">associated
+with
+the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+iri
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+using
+the
+variable
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+map
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+if
+element
+is
+an
+object:
+</del>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">element
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">container
+</ins></i>
+has
+<del class="diff-old">an
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">no
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member,
+create
+one
+and
+set
+its
+value
+to
+a
+new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+with
+two
+members.
+The
+first
+member
+is
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@value
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@language
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">property
+or
+element
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">and
+its
+value
+</ins>
+is
+a
+<del class="diff-old">subject
+reference
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">new
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins>
+</a>,
+<del class="diff-old">return
+</del>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">result
+of
+performing
+Value
+Compaction
+on
+element
+using
+active
+property
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">second
+member
+is
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@type
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+its
+value
+is
+a
+new
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins>
+</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+if
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Reference
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">active
+property
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+associated
+with
+the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+using
+the
+variable
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+typeOrLanguage
+map
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">has
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">indicates
+that
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+represents
+</ins>
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="reverse-property" href="#dfn-reverse-property">
+<ins class="diff-new">reverse
+property
+</ins></a>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Reference
+the
+value
+associated
+with
+the
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@container
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@type
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">mapping
+to
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+typeOrLanguage
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+using
+the
+variable
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+map
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+does
+not
+have
+a
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@list
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@reverse
+</ins>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-new">member,
+create
+one
+</ins>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">element
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">set
+its
+value
+to
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+being
+processed.
+</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+if
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a>
+has
+a
+<del class="diff-old">corresponding
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
+<ins class="diff-chg">type
+mapping
+</ins></a>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Reference
+the
+value
+associated
+with
+the
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@list
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@type
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">property,
+recursively
+compact
+that
+property's
+value
+passing
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+typeOrLanguage
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+using
+the
+variable
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+map
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+does
+not
+have
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">copy
+of
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member
+corresponding
+to
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">active
+context
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
+<ins class="diff-chg">type
+mapping
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+create
+one
+</ins>
+and
+<ins class="diff-new">set
+its
+value
+to
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">active
+property
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
+<ins class="diff-chg">term
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">ensuring
+that
+the
+result
+is
+an
+array
+and
+removing
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">being
+processed.
+</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+if
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+(might
+be
+</ins>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
+null
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">values.
+Return
+either
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">):
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Reference
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">result
+as
+an
+array,
+as
+an
+object
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+associated
+</ins>
+with
+<del class="diff-old">a
+key
+of
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@list
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@language
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">(or
+appropriate
+alias
+from
+active
+context
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+typeOrLanguage
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+using
+the
+variable
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+map
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+mapping
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">).
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">equals
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@null
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+;
+otherwise
+set
+it
+to
+the
+language
+code
+in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+mapping
+</ins></a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+construct
+output
+as
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+does
+not
+have
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">new
+JSON
+object
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">language
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member,
+create
+one
+and
+set
+its
+value
+to
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">used
+for
+returning
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">being
+processed.
+</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise:
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Reference
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">result
+of
+compacting
+element
+.
+For
+each
+property
+and
+</del>
+value
+<ins class="diff-chg">associated
+with
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@language
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+</ins>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">element:
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">typeOrLanguage
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+using
+the
+variable
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+map
+</ins></i>.</li>
+<li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">property
+is
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">language
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+does
+not
+have
+a
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+defaultLanguage
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member,
+create
+one
+and
+set
+its
+value
+to
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+being
+processed.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+does
+not
+have
+a
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@id
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@none
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">or
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member,
+create
+one
+and
+set
+its
+value
+to
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+being
+processed.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Reference
+the
+value
+associated
+with
+the
+</ins>
+<code>
+@type
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+typeOrLanguage
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+using
+the
+variable
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+map
+</ins></i>.</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Set
+active
+property
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+does
+not
+have
+a
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@none
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member,
+create
+one
+and
+set
+its
+value
+</ins>
+to
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
+<ins class="diff-new">term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+being
+processed.
+</ins></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Return
+</ins><i>
+result
+<del class="diff-old">of
+performing
+</del>
+</i>.
+</li>
+</ol>
+</section>
+</section>
+<section id="iri-compaction">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<ins class="diff-chg">8.3
+</ins></span>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+Compaction
+</h3>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-new">This
+algorithm
+compacts
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">on
+property
+.
+If
+value
+is
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">to
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">string
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
+<ins class="diff-chg">term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+compact
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr>
+</a>,
+<ins class="diff-new">or
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword"><ins class="diff-new">
+keyword
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword-alias" href="#dfn-keyword-alias"><ins class="diff-new">
+keyword
+alias
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
+A
+value
+that
+is
+associated
+with
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">compacted
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+<ins class="diff-chg">IRI
+</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+may
+be
+passed
+in
+order
+to
+assist
+in
+selecting
+the
+most
+context-appropriate
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></a>.</p><section class="informative"><h4 id="general-solution-7"><ins class="diff-chg">
+General
+Solution
+</ins></h4><p>
+<em>
+<del class="diff-old">value
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">This
+section
+is
+non-normative.
+</ins>
+</em>
+</p>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-new">If
+the
+passed
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a>
+is
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
+<ins class="diff-new">null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+we
+simply
+return
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
+null
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
+Otherwise,
+we
+first
+try
+to
+find
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+that
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">result
+of
+performing
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">Compaction
+</del>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">on
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword"><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+can
+be
+compacted
+to
+if
+it
+is
+relative
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context's
+</ins></a><a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+vocabulary
+mapping
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+In
+order
+to
+select
+the
+most
+appropriate
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+we
+may
+have
+to
+collect
+information
+about
+the
+passed
+</ins><i>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">.
+Otherwise,
+</del>
+</i>.
+<ins class="diff-chg">This
+information
+includes
+whic
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+mappings
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+would
+be
+preferred
+for
+expressing
+the
+</ins><i>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">must
+</del>
+</i>,
+<ins class="diff-chg">and
+what
+its
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is.
+For
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON-LD
+lists
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+will
+</ins>
+be
+<ins class="diff-new">chosen
+based
+on
+the
+most
+specific
+values
+that
+work
+for
+all
+items
+in
+the
+list.
+Once
+this
+information
+is
+gathered,
+it
+is
+passed
+to
+the
+</ins><a href="#term-selection"><ins class="diff-new">
+Term
+Selection
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+which
+will
+return
+the
+most
+appropriate
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+use.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+no
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+was
+found
+that
+could
+be
+used
+to
+compact
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+then
+</ins>
+an
+<del class="diff-old">array
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">attempt
+is
+made
+to
+find
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+compact
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+use.
+If
+there
+is
+no
+appropriate
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+compact
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+then,
+if
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+relative
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context's
+</ins></a><a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+vocabulary
+mapping
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+then
+it
+is
+used.
+Otherwise,
+it
+is
+transformed
+to
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="relative-iri" href="#dfn-relative-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+relative
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+using
+the
+document's
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+base
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr>
+</a>.
+<del class="diff-old">Perform
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Finally,
+if
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">Compaction
+</del>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword"><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">still
+could
+not
+be
+compacted,
+it
+is
+returned
+as
+is.
+</ins></p></section><section><h4 id="algorithm-7"><ins class="diff-new">
+Algorithm
+</ins></h4><p><ins class="diff-new">
+This
+algorithm
+takes
+three
+required
+inputs
+and
+three
+optional
+inputs.
+The
+required
+inputs
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+inverse
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+and
+the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+iri
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+be
+compacted.
+The
+optional
+inputs
+are
+a
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+associated
+with
+the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+iri
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-new">
+a
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+vocabRelative
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+flag
+which
+specifies
+whether
+the
+passed
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+iri
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+should
+be
+compacted
+using
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context's
+</ins></a><a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+vocabulary
+mapping
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+and
+a
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+reverse
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+flag
+which
+specifies
+whether
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="reverse-property" href="#dfn-reverse-property"><ins class="diff-new">
+reverse
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+being
+compacted.
+If
+not
+passed,
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+set
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
+null
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+vocabRelative
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+reverse
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+are
+both
+set
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+false
+</ins></code>.</p><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+iri
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+return
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
+null
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+vocabRelative
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-new">
+true
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+iri
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+a
+key
+in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+inverse
+context
+</ins></a>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+defaultLanguage
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context's
+</ins></a><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language"><ins class="diff-new">
+default
+language
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+if
+it
+has
+one,
+otherwise
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@none
+</ins></code>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+containers
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-new">
+array
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
+This
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-new">
+array
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+will
+be
+used
+to
+keep
+track
+of
+an
+ordered
+list
+of
+preferred
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+container
+mappings
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+for
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+based
+</ins>
+on
+<del class="diff-old">every
+entry
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">what
+is
+compatible
+with
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+typeOrLanguage
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@language
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+typeOrLanguageValue
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@null
+</ins></code>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+These
+two
+variables
+will
+keep
+track
+</ins>
+of
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+preferred
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+based
+on
+what
+is
+compatible
+with
+</ins><i>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">.
+</del>
+</i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+If
+<i>
+value
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+that
+</ins>
+contains
+<del class="diff-old">just
+one
+entry,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+key
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@index
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+then
+append
+the
+</ins>
+value
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@index
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+containers
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+reverse
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+typeOrLanguage
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@type
+</ins></code>,<i><ins class="diff-chg">
+typeOrLanguageValue
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@reverse
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+append
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@set
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+containers
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>
+is
+<ins class="diff-new">a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+list
+object
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+then
+</ins>
+set
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">typeOrLanguage
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+typeOrLanguageValue
+</ins></i>
+to
+<ins class="diff-new">the
+most
+specific
+values
+</ins>
+that
+<del class="diff-old">entry.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">work
+for
+all
+items
+in
+the
+list
+as
+follows:
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@index
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+a
+not
+key
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+then
+append
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@list
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+containers
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Add
+active
+property
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+list
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">associated
+with
+the
+key
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@list
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+commonLanguage
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
+null
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+list
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+empty,
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+commonLanguage
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+defaultLanguage
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+For
+each
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+list
+</ins></i>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+itemLanguage
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@none
+</ins></code>
+and
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">itemType
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@none
+</ins></code>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+contains
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">expanded
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@value
+</ins></code>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+contains
+the
+key
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@language
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+then
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+itemLanguage
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+its
+associated
+value.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+contains
+the
+key
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@type
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+itemType
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+its
+associated
+value.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+itemLanguage
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@null
+</ins></code>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+itemType
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@id
+</ins></code>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+commonLanguage
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+it
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+itemLanguage
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+itemLanguage
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+does
+not
+equal
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+commonLanguage
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+contains
+the
+key
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@value
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+then
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+commonLanguage
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@none
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+because
+list
+items
+have
+conflicting
+languages.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+commonType
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+it
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+itemType
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+itemType
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+does
+not
+equal
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+commonType
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+then
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+commonType
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@none
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+because
+list
+items
+have
+conflicting
+types.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+commonLanguage
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@none
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+commonType
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@none
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+then
+stop
+processing
+items
+in
+the
+list
+because
+it
+has
+been
+detected
+that
+there
+is
+no
+common
+language
+or
+type
+amongst
+the
+items.
+</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+commonLanguage
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+it
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@none
+</ins></code>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+commonType
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+it
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@none
+</ins></code>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+commonType
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+not
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@none
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+then
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+typeOrLanguage
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@type
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+typeOrLanguageValue
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+commonType
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+typeOrLanguageValue
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+commonLanguage
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise:
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i>
+value
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+object
+</ins></a>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+contains
+the
+key
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@language
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+does
+not
+contain
+the
+key
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@index
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+then
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+typeOrLanguageValue
+</ins></i>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">output
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">its
+associated
+value
+and
+append
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@language
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+containers
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+contains
+the
+key
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@type
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+then
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+typeOrLanguageValue
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+its
+associated
+value
+and
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+typeOrLanguage
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@type
+</ins></code>.
+</li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+<li>
+Otherwise,
+<ins class="diff-chg">set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+typeOrLanguage
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@type
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+typeOrLanguageValue
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@id
+</ins></code>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Append
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@set
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+containers
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Append
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@none
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+containers
+</ins></i>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+This
+represents
+the
+non-existence
+of
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+mapping
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+it
+will
+be
+the
+last
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+mapping
+</ins></a>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">must
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">to
+</ins>
+be
+<ins class="diff-new">checked
+as
+it
+is
+the
+most
+generic.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+typeOrLanguageValue
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+set
+it
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@null
+</ins></code>.<ins class="diff-new">
+This
+is
+the
+key
+under
+which
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
+null
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+values
+are
+stored
+in
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+inverse
+context
+</ins></a><i><ins class="diff-new">
+entry
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+preferred
+values
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+</ins>
+an
+<ins class="diff-new">empty
+</ins>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
+array
+</a>.
+<ins class="diff-new">This
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-new">
+array
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+will
+indicate,
+in
+order,
+the
+preferred
+values
+for
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-new">
+term's
+</ins></a><a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+type
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+language
+mapping
+</ins></a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">value
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">typeOrLanguageValue
+</ins></i>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">empty:
+</del>
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@reverse
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+append
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@reverse
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+preferred
+values
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+typeOrLanguageValue
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@id
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@reverse
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@id
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member:
+</ins>
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Set
+active
+property
+to
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+</ins>
+the
+result
+of
+<del class="diff-old">performing
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">using
+the
+</ins>
+<a href="#iri-compaction">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">Compaction
+on
+property
+.
+Create
+an
+entry
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">compaction
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+inverse
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+value
+associated
+with
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@id
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key
+</ins>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">output
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+</ins></i>
+for
+<del class="diff-old">active
+property
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">iri
+</ins></i>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+vocabRelative
+</ins></i>,
+and
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
+<ins class="diff-chg">true
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+documentRelative
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+with
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+that
+equals
+the
+</ins>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">associated
+with
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@id
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+then
+append
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@vocab
+</ins></code>,<code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@id
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@none
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+that
+order,
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+preferred
+values
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+append
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@id
+</ins></code>,<code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@vocab
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@none
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+that
+order,
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+preferred
+values
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">For
+each
+item
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Otherwise,
+append
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+typeOrLanguageValue
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@none
+</ins></code>,
+in
+<del class="diff-old">value
+:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">that
+order,
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+preferred
+values
+</ins></i>.</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Set
+active
+property
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></i>
+to
+the
+result
+of
+<del class="diff-old">performing
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+</ins><a href="#term-selection"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Term
+Selection
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+inverse
+context
+</ins></a>,<i><ins class="diff-chg">
+iri
+</ins></i>,<i><ins class="diff-chg">
+containers
+</ins></i>,<i><ins class="diff-chg">
+typeOrLanguage
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+preferred
+values
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+not
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+return
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+At
+this
+point,
+there
+is
+no
+simple
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+that
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+iri
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+can
+be
+compacted
+to.
+Instead,
+try
+to
+create
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+compact
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr>
+</a>,
+<ins class="diff-new">starting
+by
+initializing
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+compact
+</ins>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">Compaction
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+This
+variable
+will
+be
+used
+to
+store
+the
+created
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+compact
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+if
+any.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+For
+each
+key
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">for
+property
+</del>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">item
+using
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins>
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+active
+context
+</a>:
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-new">If
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+contains
+a
+colon
+(
+</ins><code>:</code><ins class="diff-new">
+),
+then
+continue
+to
+the
+next
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+because
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-new">
+terms
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+with
+colons
+can't
+be
+used
+as
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix"><ins class="diff-new">
+prefixes
+</ins>
+</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Compact
+item
+by
+recursively
+performing
+this
+algorithm
+passing
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+its
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+equals
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+iri
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+its
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+not
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">copy
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">substring
+at
+the
+beginning
+</ins>
+of
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">iri
+</ins></i>,
+the
+<del class="diff-old">active
+context
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
+<ins class="diff-chg">term
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">cannot
+be
+used
+as
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix"><ins class="diff-new">
+prefix
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+because
+it
+is
+not
+a
+partial
+match
+with
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+iri
+</ins></i>.<ins class="diff-new">
+Continue
+with
+the
+next
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+candidate
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+by
+concatenating
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+a
+colon
+(
+</ins><code>:</code><ins class="diff-new">
+),
+</ins>
+and
+the
+<del class="diff-old">active
+property
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">substring
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+iri
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+that
+follows
+after
+the
+value
+of
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition's
+</ins></a><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+mapping
+</ins>
+</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">an
+entry
+already
+exists
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">either
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+compact
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+candidate
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+shorter
+or
+the
+same
+length
+but
+lexicographically
+less
+than
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+compact
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+candidate
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+does
+not
+have
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">output
+for
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+active
+<del class="diff-old">property
+,
+convert
+it
+to
+an
+array
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">context
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">or
+</ins>
+if
+<del class="diff-old">necessary,
+and
+append
+</del>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">compacted
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
+<ins class="diff-chg">term
+definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+that
+equals
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+iri
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">.
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+compact
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+candidate
+</ins></i>.</li></ol>
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+compact
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+not
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+return
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+compact
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+At
+this
+point,
+there
+is
+no
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+compact
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+that
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+iri
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+can
+be
+compacted
+to,
+so
+</ins>
+if
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">vocabRelative
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-new">
+true
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+has
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+vocabulary
+mapping
+</ins></a>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+iri
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+begins
+with
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">compacted
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">
+<ins class="diff-chg">vocabulary
+mapping's
+</ins></a>
+value
+<ins class="diff-chg">but
+</ins>
+is
+<ins class="diff-new">longer,
+then
+initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+suffix
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+the
+substring
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+iri
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+that
+does
+</ins>
+not
+<ins class="diff-new">match.
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+suffix
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+does
+not
+have
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+then
+return
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+suffix
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+vocabRelative
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false"><ins class="diff-new">
+false
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+then
+transform
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+iri
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="relative-iri" href="#dfn-relative-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
+relative
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-new">
+using
+the
+document's
+base
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Finally,
+return
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+iri
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+as
+is.
+</ins></li></ol></section></section><section id="term-selection"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+8.4
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
+Term
+Selection
+</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-new">
+This
+algorithm,
+invoked
+via
+the
+</ins><a href="#iri-compaction"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
+Compaction
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+makes
+use
+of
+</ins>
+an
+<del class="diff-old">array
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
+<ins class="diff-chg">active
+context's
+</ins></a><a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+inverse
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+find
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+that
+is
+best
+used
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="compaction" href="#dfn-compaction"><ins class="diff-chg">
+compact
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Other
+information
+about
+a
+value
+associated
+with
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+given,
+including
+which
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+mappings
+</ins>
+</a>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">active
+property
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">which
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+would
+be
+best
+used
+to
+express
+the
+value.
+</ins></p><section class="informative"><h4 id="general-solution-8"><ins class="diff-chg">
+General
+Solution
+</ins></h4><p><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+This
+section
+is
+non-normative.
+</ins></em></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+inverse
+context's
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+entry
+for
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">will
+be
+first
+searched
+according
+to
+the
+preferred
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+container
+mappings
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+in
+the
+order
+that
+they
+are
+given.
+Amongst
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-new">
+terms
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+with
+a
+matching
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+container
+mapping
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+preference
+will
+be
+given
+to
+those
+with
+a
+matching
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+type
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+language
+mapping
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+over
+those
+without
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+type
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+language
+mapping
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
+If
+there
+is
+no
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+with
+a
+matching
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+container
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+then
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+without
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+container
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+that
+matches
+the
+given
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+type
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+language
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+selected.
+If
+there
+is
+still
+no
+selected
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+then
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+with
+no
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+type
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+language
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+will
+be
+selected
+if
+available.
+No
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+will
+be
+selected
+that
+</ins>
+has
+a
+<del class="diff-old">@container
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">conflicting
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+</ins>
+mapping
+</a>.
+<ins class="diff-new">Ties
+between
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-new">
+terms
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+that
+have
+the
+same
+mappings
+are
+resolved
+by
+first
+choosing
+the
+shortest
+terms,
+and
+then
+by
+choosing
+the
+lexicographically
+least
+term.
+Note
+that
+these
+ties
+are
+resolved
+automatically
+because
+they
+were
+previously
+resolved
+when
+the
+</ins><a href="#inverse-context-creation"><ins class="diff-new">
+Inverse
+Context
+Creation
+algorithm
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+was
+used
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">@set
+,
+</del>
+create
+<ins class="diff-new">the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+inverse
+context
+</ins></a>.</p></section><section><h4 id="algorithm-8"><ins class="diff-new">
+Algorithm
+</ins></h4><p><ins class="diff-new">
+This
+algorithm
+has
+five
+required
+inputs.
+They
+are:
+</ins>
+an
+<del class="diff-old">entry
+in
+output
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
+<ins class="diff-chg">inverse
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword"><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+iri
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+containers
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+that
+represents
+an
+ordered
+list
+of
+preferred
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+mappings
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-chg">
+string
+</ins></a><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+typeOrLanguage
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+that
+indicates
+whether
+to
+look
+</ins>
+for
+<del class="diff-old">active
+property
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+with
+a
+matching
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+mapping
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+language
+mapping
+</ins></a>,
+and
+<del class="diff-old">value
+as
+</del>
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
+array
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">representing
+an
+ordered
+list
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+preferred
+values
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+for
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+type
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+language
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+look
+for.
+</ins></p><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+container
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+the
+value
+associated
+with
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+iri
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+in
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+inverse
+context
+</ins>
+</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+create
+an
+entry
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">For
+each
+item
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+</ins></i>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">output
+for
+active
+property
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">containers
+</ins></i>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+not
+a
+key
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+map
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+then
+there
+is
+no
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">and
+value
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">with
+a
+matching
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+it,
+so
+continue
+to
+the
+next
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+typeOrLanguage
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+value
+associated
+with
+the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+map
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+typeOrLanguageValue
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+value
+associated
+with
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+typeOrLanguage
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+typeOrLanguage
+map
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-chg">For
+each
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+preferred
+values
+</ins></i>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+not
+a
+key
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+typeOrLanguageValue
+map
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+then
+there
+is
+no
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+with
+a
+matching
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+mapping
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+so
+continue
+to
+the
+next
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+Otherwise,
+<ins class="diff-new">a
+matching
+term
+has
+been
+found,
+</ins>
+return
+<del class="diff-old">element
+as
+</del>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">compacted
+element
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+associated
+with
+the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+typeOrLanguageValue
+map
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+No
+matching
+term
+has
+been
+found.
+Return
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>.</li></ol></section></section><section id="value-compaction"><h3>
+<del class="diff-old">Issue
+7
+</del>
+<span class="secno">
+<ins class="diff-chg">8.5
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Perhaps
+this
+should
+also
+call
+</del>
+Value
+Compaction
+</h3>
+<p>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="expansion" href="#dfn-expansion">
+<ins class="diff-new">Expansion
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+transforms
+all
+values
+into
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="expanded-form" href="#dfn-expanded-form"><ins class="diff-new">
+expanded
+form
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">on
+native
+types
+and
+strings,
+which
+could
+consolidate
+potential
+transformation
+</del>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">one
+place.
+If,
+after
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD.
+This
+algorithm
+performs
+</ins>
+the
+<ins class="diff-new">opposite
+operation,
+transforming
+a
+value
+into
+</ins><dfn title="compacted-form" id="dfn-compacted-form"><ins class="diff-new">
+compacted
+form
+</ins></dfn>.<ins class="diff-new">
+This
+</ins>
+algorithm
+<del class="diff-old">outlined
+above
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">compacts
+a
+value
+according
+to
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+the
+given
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+that
+</ins>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">run,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">associated
+with
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">resulting
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value's
+associated
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a>.</p><section class="informative"><h4 id="general-solution-9"><ins class="diff-chg">
+General
+Solution
+</ins></h4><p>
+<em>
+<del class="diff-old">element
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">This
+section
+is
+non-normative.
+</ins>
+</em>
+</p>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-new">The
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+compact
+has
+either
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@id
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+or
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@value
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+member.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-new">
+For
+the
+former
+case,
+if
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+type
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+of
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+property
+</ins></a>
+is
+<ins class="diff-new">set
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@id
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+or
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@vocab
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+consists
+of
+only
+of
+</ins>
+an
+<del class="diff-old">array
+,
+put
+element
+</del>
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@id
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+and,
+if
+if
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+set
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@index
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@index
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member,
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+can
+be
+compacted
+to
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-chg">
+string
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+by
+returning
+the
+result
+of
+using
+the
+</ins><a href="#iri-compaction"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+Compaction
+algorithm
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+compact
+the
+value
+associated
+with
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@id
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member.
+Otherwise,
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+cannot
+be
+compacted
+and
+is
+returned
+as
+is.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+For
+the
+latter
+case,
+it
+might
+be
+possible
+to
+compact
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+just
+</ins>
+into
+the
+<ins class="diff-new">value
+associated
+with
+the
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@graph
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@value
+</ins>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-new">member.
+This
+can
+be
+done
+if
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+</ins>
+property
+<del class="diff-old">of
+</del>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">has
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">new
+JSON
+object
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">matching
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+mapping
+</ins>
+</a>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">then
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">there
+is
+either
+no
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@index
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+or
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins>
+set
+<del class="diff-old">element
+</del>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">that
+JSON
+object
+</del>
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@index
+</ins></code>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+It
+can
+also
+be
+done
+if
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@value
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+the
+only
+member
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+(apart
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@index
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+in
+case
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+container
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+set
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@index
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+)
+and
+either
+its
+associated
+value
+is
+not
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-chg">
+string
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+there
+is
+no
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language"><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+language
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+there
+is
+an
+explicit
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins>
+</a>.
+<del class="diff-old">Finally,
+add
+</del>
+</p>
+</section>
+<section>
+<h4 id="algorithm-9">
+<ins class="diff-chg">Algorithm
+</ins></h4><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+This
+algorithm
+has
+four
+required
+inputs:
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+inverse
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins>
+a
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+be
+compacted.
+</ins></p><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+number
+members
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+the
+number
+of
+members
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+contains.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+has
+an
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@context
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@index
+</ins>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-new">member
+and
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+container
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+associated
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+</ins>
+property
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">is
+set
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">element
+</del>
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@index
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+decrease
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+number
+members
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+by
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+1
+</ins></code>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+number
+members
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+greater
+than
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+2
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+return
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+as
+it
+cannot
+be
+compacted.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@id
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member:
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+number
+members
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+1
+</ins></code>
+and
+<ins class="diff-new">the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+type
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+of
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+</ins>
+set
+<del class="diff-old">it
+</del>
+to
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-new">@id
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-new">
+return
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">initially
+passed
+context
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+of
+using
+the
+</ins><a href="#iri-compaction">
+<del class="diff-old">4.9
+RDF
+Conversion
+A
+JSON-LD
+document
+may
+be
+converted
+between
+other
+RDF-compatible
+document
+formats
+</del>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+<ins class="diff-chg">IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+compaction
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+inverse
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+the
+value
+of
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@id
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+iri
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+number
+members
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+1
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+set
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@vocab
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+return
+the
+result
+of
+</ins>
+using
+the
+<del class="diff-old">algorithms
+specified
+in
+this
+section.
+The
+JSON-LD
+Processing
+Model
+describes
+processing
+rules
+</del>
+<a href="#iri-compaction">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+<ins class="diff-chg">IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+compaction
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+inverse
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+value
+of
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@id
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+</ins>
+for
+<del class="diff-old">extracting
+RDF
+from
+a
+JSON-LD
+document,
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">iri
+</ins></i>,
+and
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
+<ins class="diff-new">true
+</ins></a>
+for
+<del class="diff-old">transforming
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">vocabRelative
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+return
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+as
+is.
+</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+</ins>
+an
+<del class="diff-old">array
+of
+</del>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">Quad
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@type
+</ins>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member
+whose
+value
+matches
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+mapping
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">retrieved
+by
+processing
+another
+serialization
+format
+into
+JSON-LD.
+Note
+that
+many
+uses
+</del>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">JSON-LD
+may
+not
+require
+generation
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
+<ins class="diff-chg">active
+property
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+return
+the
+value
+associated
+with
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@value
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+</ins>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">RDF.
+The
+processing
+algorithms
+described
+in
+this
+section
+are
+provided
+in
+order
+to
+demonstrate
+how
+one
+might
+implement
+a
+JSON-LD
+to
+RDF
+processor.
+Conformant
+implementations
+are
+only
+required
+to
+produce
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@language
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+whose
+value
+matches
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">same
+type
+and
+number
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
+<ins class="diff-chg">language
+mapping
+</ins></a>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">quads
+during
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
+<ins class="diff-chg">active
+property
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+return
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">output
+process
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+associated
+with
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@value
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+number
+members
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+equals
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+1
+</ins></code>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">are
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">either
+the
+value
+of
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@value
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+is
+</ins>
+not
+<del class="diff-old">required
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-chg">
+string
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+no
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language"><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+language
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+set
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">implement
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
+<ins class="diff-chg">null
+</ins></a>,,<ins class="diff-chg">
+return
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">algorithm
+exactly
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+associated
+with
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@value
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+return
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>
+as
+<del class="diff-old">described.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is.
+</ins></li></ol></section></section></section><section id="flattening-algorithms"><h2>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.9.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">9.
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Overview
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Flattening
+Algorithms
+</ins></h2><section id="flattening-algorithm"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+9.1
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Flattening
+Algorithm
+</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+This
+algorithm
+flattens
+a
+JSON-LD
+document
+by
+collecting
+all
+properties
+of
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node"><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+a
+single
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+labeling
+all
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node" href="#dfn-blank-node"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+nodes
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+with
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+identifiers
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+This
+resulting
+uniform
+shape
+of
+the
+document,
+may
+drastically
+simplify
+the
+code
+required
+to
+process
+JSON-LD
+data
+in
+certain
+applications.
+</ins></p><section class="informative"><h4 id="general-solution-10"><ins class="diff-chg">
+General
+Solution
+</ins>
+</h4>
+<p>
+<em>
+This
+section
+is
+non-normative.
+</em>
+</p>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">JSON-LD
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">First,
+the
+document
+</ins>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">intended
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">expanded
+using
+the
+</ins><a href="#expansion-algorithm"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Expansion
+algorithm
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+This
+removes
+all
+context
+definitions
+and
+expands
+all
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+terms
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+compact
+IRIs
+</ins></a>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">have
+an
+easy
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
+<ins class="diff-chg">absolute
+IRIs
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+identifiers
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword"><ins class="diff-chg">
+keywords
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+all
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-value" href="#dfn-json-ld-value"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON-LD
+values
+</ins></a>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">parse
+grammar
+that
+closely
+models
+existing
+practice
+in
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="expanded-form" href="#dfn-expanded-form">
+<ins class="diff-chg">expanded
+form
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+In
+the
+next
+step,
+a
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+generated
+</ins>
+using
+<ins class="diff-new">the
+</ins><a href="#node-map-generation"><ins class="diff-new">
+Node
+Map
+Generation
+algorithm
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+which
+collects
+all
+properties
+of
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node"><ins class="diff-new">
+node
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+in
+a
+single
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+JSON
+<del class="diff-old">for
+describing
+</del>
+object
+<del class="diff-old">representations.
+This
+allows
+</del>
+</a>.
+<ins class="diff-chg">Finally,
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">use
+of
+existing
+libraries
+for
+parsing
+JSON.
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">node
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+converted
+to
+a
+JSON-LD
+document
+in
+</ins><a class="tref externalDFN" title="flattened-document-form" href="../json-ld-syntax/#flattened-document-form"><ins class="diff-chg">
+flattened
+document
+form
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+been
+passed,
+the
+flattened
+document
+is
+compacted
+using
+the
+</ins><a href="#compaction-algorithm"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Compaction
+algorithm
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+before
+being
+returned.
+</ins>
+</p>
+</section>
+<section>
+<h4 id="algorithm-10">
+<ins class="diff-new">Algorithm
+</ins></h4>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">As
+with
+other
+grammars
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+algorithm
+takes
+two
+input
+variables,
+an
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+flatten
+and
+an
+optional
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></i>
+used
+<del class="diff-old">for
+describing
+Linked
+Data
+,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">to
+compact
+the
+flattened
+document.
+If
+not
+passed,
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+set
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>.</p><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Expand
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+according
+the
+</ins><a href="#expansion-algorithm"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Expansion
+algorithm
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins>
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+<ins class="diff-new">JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+consisting
+of
+a
+single
+member
+whose
+</ins>
+key
+<del class="diff-old">concept
+</del>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">that
+</del>
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@default
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+whose
+value
+is
+an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Perform
+the
+</ins><a href="#node-map-generation"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Node
+Map
+Generation
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+passing
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+map
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+graph
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+value
+</ins>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">a
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@default
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+of
+</ins><i>
+node
+<ins class="diff-new">map
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-new">
+which
+is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+JSON
+object
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">representing
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-graph" href="#dfn-default-graph"><ins class="diff-new">
+default
+graph
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+For
+each
+key-value
+pair
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+graph
+name
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+-
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+graph
+</ins></i>
+in
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">node
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+where
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+graph
+name
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+not
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@default
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-new">
+perform
+the
+following
+steps:
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+default
+graph
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+does
+not
+have
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">linked
+data
+</del>
+<i>
+graph
+<del class="diff-old">.
+Nodes
+may
+be
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">name
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member,
+create
+one
+and
+initialize
+its
+value
+to
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+consisting
+</ins>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">three
+basic
+types.
+The
+first
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@id
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+whose
+value
+</ins>
+is
+<ins class="diff-new">set
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+graph
+name
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Reference
+</ins>
+the
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+associated
+with
+the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+graph
+name
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+graph
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+using
+the
+variable
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+entry
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Add
+an
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">IRI
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@graph
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">,
+which
+is
+used
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">refer
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">entry
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+set
+it
+</ins>
+to
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+For
+each
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+id
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+-
+</ins><i>
+node
+<del class="diff-old">s
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">pair
+</ins>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">other
+linked
+data
+</del>
+<i>
+graph
+<del class="diff-old">s.
+The
+second
+is
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">ordered
+by
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+id
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+add
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">blank
+</del>
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@graph
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+entry
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Initialize
+an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+flattened
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+For
+each
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+id
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+-
+</ins><i>
+node
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-new">pair
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+default
+graph
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+ordered
+by
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+id
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-new">
+add
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+node
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+flattened
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+context
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
+null
+</ins>
+</a>,
+<del class="diff-old">which
+are
+nodes
+for
+which
+an
+external
+name
+does
+not
+exist,
+or
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">return
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+flattened
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+return
+the
+result
+of
+compacting
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+flattened
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+according
+the
+</ins><a href="#compaction-algorithm"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Compaction
+algorithm
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+passing
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+ensuring
+that
+the
+compaction
+result
+uses
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@graph
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword
+(or
+its
+alias)
+at
+the
+top-level,
+even
+if
+the
+context
+</ins>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">not
+known.
+The
+third
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">empty
+or
+if
+there
+</ins>
+is
+<ins class="diff-new">only
+one
+element
+to
+put
+in
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@graph
+</ins></code><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-new">
+array
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
+This
+ensures
+that
+the
+returned
+document
+has
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">Literal
+,
+which
+express
+values
+such
+as
+strings,
+dates
+and
+other
+information
+having
+a
+lexical
+form,
+possibly
+including
+an
+explicit
+language
+or
+datatype.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">deterministic
+structure.
+</ins></li></ol></section></section><section id="node-map-generation"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+9.2
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Node
+Map
+Generation
+</ins></h3>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">Data
+described
+with
+JSON-LD
+may
+be
+considered
+to
+be
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">This
+algorithm
+creates
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">graph
+made
+up
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON
+object
+</ins></a><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+holding
+an
+indexed
+representation
+</ins>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">subject
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-graph" href="#dfn-json-ld-graph"><ins class="diff-chg">
+graphs
+</ins>
+</a>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">object
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">
+<ins class="diff-chg">nodes
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">represented
+in
+the
+passed
+expanded
+document.
+All
+</ins>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">
+nodes
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">related
+via
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">that
+are
+not
+uniquely
+identified
+by
+an
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+get
+assigned
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">property
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">(new)
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+</ins>
+node
+<ins class="diff-new">identifier
+</ins>
+</a>.
+<del class="diff-old">Specific
+implementations
+may
+also
+choose
+to
+operate
+on
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+resulting
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+will
+have
+a
+member
+for
+every
+graph
+in
+</ins>
+the
+document
+<del class="diff-old">as
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">whose
+value
+is
+another
+object
+with
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">normal
+JSON
+description
+of
+objects
+having
+attributes.
+Both
+approaches
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member
+for
+every
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node"><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+represented
+in
+the
+document.
+The
+default
+graph
+is
+stored
+under
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@default
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member,
+all
+other
+graphs
+</ins>
+are
+<del class="diff-old">valid
+ways
+to
+interact
+with
+JSON-LD
+documents.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">stored
+under
+their
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="graph-name" href="#dfn-graph-name"><ins class="diff-chg">
+graph
+name
+</ins></a>.
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">4.9.2
+Parsing
+Examples
+</del>
+<section class="informative">
+<h4 id="general-solution-11">
+<ins class="diff-chg">General
+Solution
+</ins>
+</h4>
+<p>
+<em>
+This
+section
+is
+non-normative.
+</em>
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+<del class="diff-old">following
+examples
+show
+simple
+transformations
+of
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">algorithm
+recursively
+runs
+over
+an
+expanded
+</ins>
+JSON-LD
+<del class="diff-old">documents
+to
+Turtle
+[
+TURTLE-TR
+].
+The
+first
+example
+uses
+a
+simple
+</del>
+document
+<del class="diff-old">containing
+a
+simple
+FOAF
+profile:
+{
+ "@context": {"foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"},
+ "@id": "http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me",
+ "@type": "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:name": "Gregg Kellogg",
+ "foaf:knows": {
+ "@type": "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:name": "Manu Sporny"
+ }
+}
+This
+translates
+fairly
+directly
+</del>
+to
+<ins class="diff-new">collect
+all
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="property" href="#dfn-property"><ins class="diff-new">
+properties
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+of
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">similar
+Turtle
+document:
+@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
+<http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me> a foaf:Person;
+ foaf:name "Gregg Kellogg";
+foaf:knows
+[
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">
+<ins class="diff-chg">node
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">foaf:Person;
+foaf:name
+"Manu
+Sporny"].
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">single
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a>.
+The
+<del class="diff-old">actual
+parsing
+steps
+first
+require
+that
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">algorithm
+constructs
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+whose
+keys
+represent
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="graph-name" href="#dfn-graph-name"><ins class="diff-chg">
+graph
+names
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+used
+in
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">JSON-LD
+</del>
+document
+<del class="diff-old">be
+expanded,
+to
+eliminate
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">(the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-graph" href="#dfn-default-graph"><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+graph
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+stored
+under
+</ins>
+the
+<ins class="diff-new">key
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@context
+:
+[{
+ "@id": "http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me",
+ "@type": ["http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person"],
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [{"@value": "Gregg Kellogg"}],
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows": [{
+ "@type": ["http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person"],
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [{"@value": "Manu Sporny"}]
+ }]
+}]
+The
+process
+of
+translating
+this
+to
+RDF
+then
+operates
+over
+each
+subject
+definition
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@default
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+)
+and
+whose
+associated
+values
+are
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+objects
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">to
+find
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">which
+index
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node"><ins class="diff-chg">
+nodes
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-graph" href="#dfn-json-ld-graph"><ins class="diff-chg">
+graph
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">subject,
+each
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="property" href="#dfn-property">
+<del class="diff-old">property
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">property's
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">to
+find
+an
+RDF
+predicate
+,
+and
+each
+</del>
+value
+<ins class="diff-new">is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+node
+object
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+it
+is
+replace
+by
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+node
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+consisting
+</ins>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">that
+property
+to
+find
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">only
+</ins>
+an
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@id
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member.
+If
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+</ins>
+object
+<del class="diff-old">.
+In
+this
+case,
+each
+property
+</del>
+</a>
+has
+<del class="diff-old">just
+a
+single
+object:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">no
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">foaf:name
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@id
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">identifies
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member
+or
+it
+is
+identified
+by
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">literal
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
+<ins class="diff-chg">blank
+node
+identifier
+</ins>
+</a>,
+<del class="diff-old">and
+foaf:knows
+identifies
+</del>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">second
+subject
+definition
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+identifier
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">similar
+to
+Turtle's
+blankNodePropertyList
+.
+After
+expansion,
+JSON-LD
+numbers
+,
+booleans
+,
+typed-
+and
+language-tagged-
+literals
+,
+and
+IRIs
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+generated.
+This
+relabeling
+of
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+identifiers
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">become
+explicit,
+and
+can
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+also
+</ins>
+be
+<del class="diff-old">directly
+transformed
+into
+their
+RDF
+representations.
+[{
+ "@id": "http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me",
+ "@type": ["http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person"],
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [{"@value": "Gregg Kellogg"}],
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/currentProject": [{"@id": "http://json-ld.org/"}],
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/birthday": [{
+ "@value": "1957-02-27",
+ "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date"
+ }],
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows": [{
+ "@type": ["http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person"],
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [{"@value": "Manu Sporny"}]
+ }]
+}]
+Translates
+to:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">done
+for
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="property" href="#dfn-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+properties
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+values
+of
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@type
+</ins></code>.
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
+<http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me> a foaf:Person;
+ foaf:name "Gregg Kellogg";
+ foaf:currentProject <http://json-ld.org/>;
+ foaf:birthday "1957-02-27"^^xsd:date;
+foaf:knows
+[
+a
+foaf:Person;
+foaf:name
+"Manu
+Sporny"].
+4.9.3
+Convert
+to
+RDF
+</del>
+</section>
+<section>
+<h4 id="algorithm-11">
+Algorithm
+</h4>
+<p>
+The
+algorithm
+<del class="diff-old">below
+is
+designed
+for
+in-memory
+implementations
+with
+random
+access
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">takes
+as
+input
+an
+expanded
+JSON-LD
+document
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+a
+reference
+</ins>
+to
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+JSON
+object
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">elements.
+A
+conforming
+JSON-LD
+processor
+implementing
+RDF
+conversion
+must
+implement
+a
+processing
+algorithm
+that
+results
+in
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">node
+map
+</ins></i>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Furthermore
+it
+has
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">same
+set
+of
+RDF
+Quads
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">optional
+parameters
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-graph" href="#dfn-active-graph"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+graph
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">that
+the
+following
+algorithm
+generates:
+The
+algorithm
+takes
+five
+input
+variables:
+a
+element
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">(which
+defaults
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">be
+converted,
+</del>
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@default
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+),
+</ins>
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-subject" href="#dfn-active-subject">
+active
+subject
+</a>,
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
+active
+property
+</a>,
+and
+<del class="diff-old">graph
+name
+.
+To
+begin,
+the
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+reference
+to
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+list
+</ins></i>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+not
+passed,
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-subject" href="#dfn-active-subject">
+active
+subject
+</a>,
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
+active
+property
+</a>,
+and
+<del class="diff-old">graph
+name
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">list
+</ins></i>
+are
+set
+to
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
+null
+</a>.
+</p>
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-new">If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+an
+array,
+process
+each
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+as
+follows
+and
+then
+return:
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Run
+this
+algorithm
+recursively
+by
+passing
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+element
+</ins></i>,<i><ins class="diff-new">
+node
+map
+</ins></i>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-graph" href="#dfn-active-graph"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+graph
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-subject" href="#dfn-active-subject"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+property
+</ins>
+</a>,
+and
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">list
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise
+</ins><i>
+element
+</i>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">set
+to
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Reference
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">result
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+which
+is
+the
+value
+</ins>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">performing
+</del>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">Expansion
+Algorithm
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-graph" href="#dfn-active-graph">
+<ins class="diff-chg">active
+graph
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">on
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+using
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">JSON-LD
+input
+.
+This
+removes
+any
+existing
+context
+to
+allow
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">variable
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+graph
+</ins></i>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">given
+context
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-subject" href="#dfn-active-subject">
+<ins class="diff-chg">active
+subject
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+</ins></i>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">be
+cleanly
+applied.
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
+<ins class="diff-chg">null
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+otherwise
+reference
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-subject" href="#dfn-active-subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+graph
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+using
+the
+variable
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+</ins></i>.</li><li>
+If
+<i>
+element
+<del class="diff-old">is
+a
+JSON
+object
+,
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">has
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@type
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member,
+</ins>
+perform
+<ins class="diff-new">for
+each
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+item
+</ins></i>
+the
+following
+steps:
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Set
+active
+object
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+identifier
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+replace
+it
+with
+a
+newly
+</ins><a href="#generate-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+generated
+blank
+node
+identifier
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">to
+null
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">passing
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+identifier
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">element
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">graph
+</ins></i>
+has
+<ins class="diff-new">no
+member
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+item
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-new">
+create
+one
+and
+initialize
+its
+value
+to
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+consisting
+of
+</ins>
+a
+<ins class="diff-new">single
+member
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@value
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@id
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">property:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">whose
+value
+is
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li>
+<li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">the
+value
+of
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+an
+</ins>
+<code>
+@value
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-new">member,
+perform
+the
+following
+steps:
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+list
+</ins></i>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">a
+number
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
+<ins class="diff-chg">null
+</ins>
+</a>,
+<del class="diff-old">set
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">merge
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+into
+</ins>
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
+active
+<del class="diff-old">object
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+;
+the
+resulting
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">must
+not
+contain
+any
+duplicate
+values.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Otherwise,
+append
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+element
+</ins></i>
+to
+<ins class="diff-new">the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@list
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+list
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Otherwise,
+if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+has
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@list
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+member,
+perform
+the
+following
+steps:
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Initialize
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">typed
+literal
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">using
+a
+string
+representation
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+consisting
+</ins>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">the
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+single
+member
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@list
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+whose
+</ins>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">as
+defined
+in
+the
+section
+Data
+Round
+Tripping
+.
+Set
+datatype
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+initialized
+</ins>
+to
+<ins class="diff-new">an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-new">
+array
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Recursively
+call
+this
+algorithm
+passing
+</ins>
+the
+value
+of
+<del class="diff-old">the
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">element's
+</ins></i>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@type
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@list
+</ins>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-new">member
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+element
+</ins></i>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-graph" href="#dfn-active-graph"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+graph
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-subject" href="#dfn-active-subject"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+</ins>
+property
+<del class="diff-old">if
+it
+exists,
+otherwise
+either
+xsd:integer
+or
+xsd:double
+,
+depending
+on
+if
+</del>
+</a>,
+<ins class="diff-chg">and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+list
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Append
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+</ins>
+the
+value
+<del class="diff-old">contains
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">of
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">fractional
+and/or
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">
+<ins class="diff-chg">node
+object
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+perform
+the
+following
+steps:
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+</ins>
+an
+<del class="diff-old">exponential
+component.
+</del>
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@id
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member,
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+id
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+its
+value
+and
+remove
+the
+member
+from
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+id
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+identifier
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+replace
+it
+with
+a
+newly
+</ins><a href="#generate-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+generated
+blank
+node
+identifier
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+passing
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+id
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+identifier
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+Otherwise,
+<del class="diff-old">if
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+id
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins>
+the
+<ins class="diff-new">result
+of
+the
+</ins><a href="#generate-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+Generate
+Blank
+Node
+Identifier
+algorithm
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+passing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
+null
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+identifier
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+graph
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+does
+not
+contain
+a
+member
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+id
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-new">
+create
+one
+and
+initialize
+its
+</ins>
+value
+<ins class="diff-new">to
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+consisting
+</ins>
+of
+<ins class="diff-new">a
+single
+member
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@value
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@id
+</ins>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-new">whose
+value
+</ins>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">true
+or
+false
+,
+set
+the
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">id
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
+active
+<del class="diff-old">object
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">property
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">to
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+not
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+perform
+the
+following
+steps:
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Create
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">typed
+literal
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">created
+from
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">reference
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+consisting
+of
+a
+single
+member
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@id
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+whose
+value
+is
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+id
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+list
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+merge
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+into
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">string
+representation
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
+<ins class="diff-chg">active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+</ins>
+of
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">node
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+;
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">value.
+Set
+datatype
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">resulting
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+must
+not
+contain
+any
+duplicate
+values.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+append
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i>
+to
+the
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-new">@list
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+list
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Reference
+the
+</ins>
+value
+of
+the
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">id
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+graph
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+using
+the
+variable
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+node
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+has
+an
+</ins>
+<code>
+@type
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">property
+if
+it
+exists,
+otherwise
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member,
+merge
+each
+of
+its
+values
+into
+the
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">xsd:boolean
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@type
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+finally
+remove
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@type
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+from
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+;
+the
+resulting
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+must
+not
+contain
+any
+duplicate
+values.
+</ins>
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+if
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+</ins><i>
+element
+<del class="diff-old">contains
+a
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">has
+an
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@type
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@index
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">property,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member,
+</ins>
+set
+the
+<del class="diff-old">active
+object
+</del>
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@index
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+</ins></i>
+to
+<ins class="diff-new">its
+value.
+If
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node"><ins class="diff-new">
+node
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+has
+already
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@index
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+member
+with
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">typed
+literal
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">different
+value,
+a
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.conflicting-indexes"><ins class="diff-chg">
+conflicting
+indexes
+</ins></a></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+error
+has
+been
+detected
+and
+processing
+is
+aborted.
+Otherwise,
+continue
+by
+removing
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@index
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+from
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+if
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+</ins><i>
+element
+<del class="diff-old">contains
+a
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">has
+an
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@language
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@reverse
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">property,
+set
+the
+active
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member:
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Create
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+</ins>
+object
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">to
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">referenced
+node
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+with
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">language-tagged
+literal
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">single
+member
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@id
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+whose
+value
+is
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+id
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+set
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+reverse
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">active
+object
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+of
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@reverse
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+For
+each
+key-value
+pair
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+-
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+values
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+reverse
+map
+</ins></i>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+For
+each
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+values
+</ins></i>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+a
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member,
+append
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+referenced
+node
+</ins></i>
+to
+<ins class="diff-new">its
+value;
+otherwise
+create
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">typed
+literal
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+whose
+value
+is
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">using
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">containing
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+referenced
+node
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Recursively
+invoke
+this
+algorithm
+passing
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i>,<i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+map
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-graph" href="#dfn-active-graph"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+graph
+</ins></a>.</li></ol></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Remove
+the
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">xsd:string
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@reverse
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">as
+the
+datatype.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member
+from
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+<li>
+If
+<i>
+element
+</i>
+has
+<del class="diff-old">a
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@list
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@graph
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">property
+the
+value
+must
+be
+an
+array
+.
+Process
+its
+value
+as
+a
+list
+as
+described
+in
+List
+Conversion
+using
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member,
+recursively
+invoke
+this
+algorithm
+passing
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">return
+</del>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">as
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">of
+</ins>
+the
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@graph
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i>,<i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+map
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+id
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-graph" href="#dfn-active-graph">
+active
+<del class="diff-old">object
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">graph
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">before
+removing
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@graph
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+member
+from
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+element
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">If
+active
+object
+is
+not
+null
+:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Finally,
+for
+each
+key-value
+pair
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+-
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+ordered
+by
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+perform
+the
+following
+steps:
+</ins>
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">neither
+active
+subject
+nor
+active
+</del>
+<i>
+property
+<del class="diff-old">are
+null
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+identifier
+</ins>
+</a>,
+<del class="diff-old">generate
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">replace
+it
+with
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">Quad
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">newly
+</ins><a href="#generate-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+generated
+blank
+node
+identifier
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">representing
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">passing
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+identifier
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+does
+not
+have
+a
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member,
+create
+one
+and
+initialize
+its
+value
+to
+an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Recursively
+invoke
+this
+algorithm
+passing
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+element
+</ins></i>,<i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+map
+</ins></i>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-graph" href="#dfn-active-graph">
+active
+<del class="diff-old">subject
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">graph
+</ins>
+</a>,
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">id
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-subject" href="#dfn-active-subject">
+active
+<del class="diff-old">property
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">subject
+</ins>
+</a>,
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
+active
+<del class="diff-old">object
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">property
+</ins>
+</a>,
+and
+<del class="diff-old">graph
+name
+.
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">list
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<del class="diff-old">Return
+active
+object
+.
+</del>
+</ol>
+</li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+<del class="diff-old">If
+</del>
+</ol>
+</section>
+</section>
+<section id="generate-blank-node-identifier">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<ins class="diff-chg">9.3
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Generate
+Blank
+Node
+Identifier
+</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+This
+algorithm
+is
+used
+to
+generate
+new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+identifiers
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+to
+relabel
+an
+existing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+identifier
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+avoid
+collision
+by
+the
+introduction
+of
+new
+ones.
+</ins></p><section class="informative"><h4 id="general-solution-12"><ins class="diff-chg">
+General
+Solution
+</ins></h4><p>
+<em>
+<del class="diff-old">element
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">This
+section
+is
+non-normative.
+</ins>
+</em>
+<del class="diff-old">has
+</del>
+</p>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+simplest
+case
+is
+if
+there
+exists
+already
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">@id
+property,
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
+<ins class="diff-chg">blank
+node
+identifier
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">value
+must
+be
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">identifier
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+the
+passed
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+identifier
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+which
+case
+it
+is
+simply
+returned.
+Otherwise,
+</ins>
+a
+<ins class="diff-chg">new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+identifier
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+generated
+by
+concatenating
+the
+</ins>
+string
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-new">_:b
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+counter
+</ins></i>.<ins class="diff-new">
+If
+the
+passed
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+identifier
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+not
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
+null
+</ins>
+</a>,
+<del class="diff-old">set
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+entry
+is
+created
+in
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">active
+subject
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">identifier
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+associating
+the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+identifier
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+with
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+identifier
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Finally,
+the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+counter
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+increased
+by
+one
+and
+the
+new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+identifier
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">is
+returned.
+</ins></p></section><section><h4 id="algorithm-12"><ins class="diff-new">
+Algorithm
+</ins></h4><p><ins class="diff-new">
+The
+algorithm
+takes
+a
+single
+input
+variable
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+identifier
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+which
+may
+be
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
+null
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
+Between
+its
+executions,
+the
+algorithm
+needs
+to
+keep
+an
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+identifier
+map
+</ins></i>
+to
+<ins class="diff-new">relabel
+existing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+blank
+node
+identifiers
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+consistently
+and
+a
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+counter
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+generate
+new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+blank
+node
+identifiers
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
+The
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+counter
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+initialized
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+0
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+by
+default.
+</ins></p><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+identifier
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+not
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
+null
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+has
+an
+entry
+in
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">previously
+expanded
+value
+(either
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">identifier
+map
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+return
+the
+mapped
+identifier.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+generate
+</ins>
+a
+<ins class="diff-chg">new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
+blank
+node
+<ins class="diff-new">identifier
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">or
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">by
+concatenating
+the
+string
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+_:b
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+counter
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Increment
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+counter
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+by
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+1
+</ins></code>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+identifier
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+not
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+create
+a
+new
+entry
+for
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+identifier
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+identifier
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+set
+its
+value
+to
+the
+new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+identifier
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Return
+the
+new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+identifier
+</ins></a>.</li></ol></section></section></section><section id="rdf-conversion-algorithms"><h2><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+10.
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+RDF
+Conversion
+Algorithms
+</ins></h2><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+This
+section
+describes
+algorithms
+to
+transform
+a
+JSON-LD
+document
+to
+</ins>
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-dataset" href="#dfn-rdf-dataset">
+<ins class="diff-chg">RDF
+dataset
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+vice
+versa.
+The
+algorithms
+are
+designed
+for
+in-memory
+implementations
+with
+random
+access
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+elements.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+Throughout
+this
+section,
+the
+following
+vocabulary
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix"><ins class="diff-chg">
+prefixes
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+are
+used
+in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+compact
+IRIs
+</ins></a>:</p><table rules="all"><thead><tr>
+<th>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Prefix
+</ins></th><th>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr>
+<td>
+<ins class="diff-chg">rdf
+</ins></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+rdfs
+</ins></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+xsd
+</ins></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
+</ins></td></tr></tbody></table><section id="convert-to-rdf-algorithm"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+10.1
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Convert
+to
+RDF
+Algorithm
+</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+This
+algorithms
+converts
+a
+JSON-LD
+document
+to
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-dataset" href="#dfn-rdf-dataset"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RDF
+dataset
+</ins></a>.</p><div class="issue"><div class="issue-title"><a href="https://github.com/json-ld/json-ld.org/issues/217"><span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Issue
+217
+</ins></span>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">).
+Otherwise,
+if
+element
+</del>
+</div>
+<p class="">
+<ins class="diff-chg">RDF
+</ins>
+does
+not
+<del class="diff-old">have
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">currently
+allow
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+identifier
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+be
+used
+as
+</ins>
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="graph-name" href="#dfn-graph-name">
+<ins class="diff-new">graph
+name
+</ins></a>.</p></div><section class="informative"><h4 id="general-solution-13"><ins class="diff-new">
+General
+Solution
+</ins></h4><p><em><ins class="diff-new">
+This
+section
+is
+non-normative.
+</ins></em></p><p><ins class="diff-new">
+The
+JSON-LD
+document
+is
+expanded
+and
+converted
+to
+a
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+node
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+using
+the
+</ins><a href="#node-map-generation"><ins class="diff-new">
+Node
+Map
+Generation
+algorithm
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
+This
+allows
+each
+graph
+represented
+within
+the
+document
+to
+be
+extracted
+and
+flattened,
+making
+it
+easier
+to
+process
+each
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+node
+object
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
+Each
+graph
+from
+the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+node
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+processed
+to
+extract
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-triple" href="#dfn-rdf-triple"><ins class="diff-new">
+RDF
+triples
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+to
+which
+any
+(non-default)
+graph
+name
+is
+applied
+to
+create
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-dataset" href="#dfn-rdf-dataset"><ins class="diff-new">
+RDF
+dataset
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
+Each
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+node
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+in
+the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+node
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+has
+an
+</ins>
+<code>
+@id
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">property,
+set
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member
+which
+corresponds
+to
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">active
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-subject" href="#dfn-rdf-subject">
+<ins class="diff-chg">RDF
+</ins>
+subject
+</a>,
+<ins class="diff-new">the
+other
+members
+represent
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-predicate" href="#dfn-rdf-predicate"><ins class="diff-new">
+RDF
+predicates
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
+Each
+member
+value
+is
+either
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">to
+newly
+generated
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
+blank
+node
+<ins class="diff-new">identifier
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+or
+can
+be
+transformed
+to
+an
+</ins><a class="tref externalDFN" title="rdf-literal" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-literal"><ins class="diff-new">
+RDF
+literal
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+generate
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-triple" href="#dfn-rdf-triple"><ins class="diff-new">
+RDF
+triple
+</ins></a>.<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list" href="#dfn-list"><ins class="diff-new">
+Lists
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+are
+transformed
+into
+an
+</ins><a class="tref externalDFN" title="rdf-collection" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#ch_collectionvocab"><ins class="diff-new">
+RDF
+Collection
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+using
+the
+</ins><a href="#list-to-rdf-conversion"><ins class="diff-new">
+List
+to
+RDF
+Conversion
+algorithm.
+</ins></a></p></section><section><h4 id="algorithm-13"><ins class="diff-new">
+Algorithm
+</ins></h4><p><ins class="diff-new">
+The
+algorithm
+takes
+a
+JSON-LD
+document
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+returns
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-dataset" href="#dfn-rdf-dataset"><ins class="diff-new">
+RDF
+dataset
+</ins></a>.</p><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Expand
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+element
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+according
+the
+</ins><a href="#expansion-algorithm"><ins class="diff-new">
+Expansion
+algorithm
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Generate
+a
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+node
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+according
+the
+</ins><a href="#node-map-generation"><ins class="diff-new">
+Node
+Map
+Generation
+algorithm
+</ins>
+</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Process
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Initialize
+an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-dataset" href="#dfn-rdf-dataset"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RDF
+dataset
+</ins></a><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+dataset
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+For
+</ins>
+each
+<del class="diff-old">property
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">graph
+name
+</ins></i>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">value
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">graph
+</ins></i>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">element
+,
+ordered
+by
+property
+,
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">node
+map
+</ins></i>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+triples
+</ins></i>
+as
+<del class="diff-old">follows:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+For
+each
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+subject
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+graph
+</ins></i>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+For
+each
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+values
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+</ins></i>:
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+If
+<i>
+property
+</i>
+is
+<code>
+@type
+</code>,
+<del class="diff-old">set
+the
+active
+property
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">then
+for
+each
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+values
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+append
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="triple" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-triple"><ins class="diff-chg">
+triple
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">to
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">composed
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+subject
+</ins></i>,
+<code>
+rdf:type
+<del class="diff-old">.
+Otherwise,
+if
+property
+is
+@graph
+</del>
+</code>,
+<del class="diff-old">process
+value
+algorithm
+recursively,
+using
+active
+subject
+as
+graph
+name
+</del>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">null
+values
+for
+active
+subject
+and
+active
+property
+and
+then
+proceed
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">type
+</ins></i>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">next
+property.
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">triples
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+Otherwise,
+if
+<i>
+property
+</i>
+is
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">
+keyword
+<del class="diff-old">,
+skip
+this
+step.
+</del>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">continue
+to
+the
+next
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+property
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+-
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+values
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+pair.
+</ins>
+</li>
+<li>
+Otherwise,
+<del class="diff-old">set
+active
+</del>
+<i>
+property
+<del class="diff-old">to
+the
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+blank
+node
+identifier
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
+For
+each
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+values
+</ins></i>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+list
+object
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+list
+triples
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+as
+an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-new">
+array
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+list
+head
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+the
+result
+of
+the
+</ins><a href="#list-to-rdf-conversion"><ins class="diff-new">
+List
+Conversion
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+passing
+the
+</ins>
+value
+<ins class="diff-new">associated
+with
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@list
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+key
+from
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+list
+triples
+</ins></i>.<ins class="diff-new">
+Append
+first
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="triple" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-triple"><ins class="diff-new">
+triple
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+composed
+</ins>
+of
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">subject
+</ins></i>,<i>
+property
+<del class="diff-old">.
+</del>
+</i>,
+<ins class="diff-chg">and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+list
+head
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+triples
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+finally
+append
+all
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="triple" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-triple"><ins class="diff-chg">
+triples
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+from
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+list
+triples
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+triples
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Process
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Otherwise,
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object">
+value
+<del class="diff-old">recursively
+using
+this
+algorithm,
+passing
+copies
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+object
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Append
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="triple" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-triple"><ins class="diff-chg">
+triple
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+composed
+</ins>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">active
+</del>
+<i>
+subject
+<del class="diff-old">,
+active
+</del>
+</i>,
+<i>
+property
+</i>,
+and
+<del class="diff-old">graph
+name
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+result
+of
+using
+the
+</ins><a href="#object-to-rdf-conversion"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Object
+to
+RDF
+Conversion
+algorithm
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+passing
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+triples
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+<del class="diff-old">Set
+active
+object
+to
+active
+subject
+.
+</del>
+</ol>
+</li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+if
+element
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+graph
+name
+</ins></i>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">an
+array
+,
+process
+each
+value
+in
+</del>
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@default
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+add
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+triples
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">array
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-graph" href="#dfn-default-graph">
+<ins class="diff-chg">default
+graph
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">as
+follows,
+process
+element
+recursively
+using
+this
+algorithm,
+using
+copies
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+dataset
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+create
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="named-graph" href="#dfn-named-graph"><ins class="diff-chg">
+named
+graph
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+dataset
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+composed
+</ins>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">active
+subject
+,
+active
+property
+,
+and
+</del>
+<i>
+graph
+name
+<del class="diff-old">.
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">and
+add
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+triples
+</ins></i>.</li></ol>
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+if
+element
+is
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Return
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+dataset
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></section></section><section id="object-to-rdf-conversion"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+10.2
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Object
+to
+RDF
+Conversion
+</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+This
+algorithm
+takes
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">string
+,
+then
+the
+active
+property
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">
+<ins class="diff-chg">node
+object
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">must
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+transforms
+it
+into
+an
+</ins><a class="tref externalDFN" title="rdf-resource" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-resource"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RDF
+resource
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins>
+be
+<del class="diff-old">rdf:type
+so
+set
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">used
+as
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">active
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="object" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-object">
+object
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">to
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">of
+</ins>
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-triple" href="#dfn-rdf-triple">
+<ins class="diff-chg">RDF
+triple
+</ins></a>.</p><section class="informative"><h4 id="general-solution-14"><ins class="diff-chg">
+General
+Solution
+</ins></h4>
+<p>
+<em>
+<ins class="diff-chg">This
+section
+is
+non-normative.
+</ins></em></p><p><a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Value
+objects
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+are
+transformed
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-literal" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RDF
+literals
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+as
+defined
+in
+the
+section
+</ins><a href="#data-round-tripping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Data
+Round
+Tripping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+whereas
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+objects
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+are
+transformed
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRIs
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+identifiers
+</ins></a>.</p></section><section><h4 id="algorithm-14"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Algorithm
+</ins></h4><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+algorithm
+takes
+as
+its
+sole
+argument
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+which
+must
+be
+either
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+object
+</ins></a>.</p><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+return
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+blank
+node
+identifier
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+associated
+with
+its
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@id
+</ins>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+object
+</ins>
+</a>.
+<ins class="diff-new">Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+the
+value
+associated
+with
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@value
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+member
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+item
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">If
+any
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+datatype
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+value
+associated
+with
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@type
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+</ins>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">these
+steps
+created
+an
+active
+object
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+does
+not
+have
+such
+a
+member.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">and
+neither
+active
+subject
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false"><ins class="diff-chg">
+false
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+its
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="canonical-lexical-form" href="#dfn-canonical-lexical-form"><ins class="diff-chg">
+canonical
+lexical
+form
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">nor
+active
+property
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">as
+defined
+in
+the
+section
+</ins><a href="#data-round-tripping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Data
+Round
+Tripping
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+datatype
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+it
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+xsd:boolean
+</ins></code>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number"><ins class="diff-chg">
+number
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+then
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+its
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="canonical-lexical-form" href="#dfn-canonical-lexical-form"><ins class="diff-chg">
+canonical
+lexical
+form
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">are
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">as
+defined
+in
+the
+section
+</ins><a href="#data-round-tripping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Data
+Round
+Tripping
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+datatype
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
+null
+</a>,
+<del class="diff-old">generate
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">set
+it
+to
+either
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+xsd:integer
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+xsd:double
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+depending
+on
+if
+the
+value
+contains
+</ins>
+a
+<ins class="diff-chg">fractional
+and/or
+an
+exponential
+component.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+datatype
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+it
+to
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">Quad
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">xsd:string
+</ins>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">or
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+rdf:langString
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+depending
+on
+if
+item
+has
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@language
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+literal
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+as
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-literal" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RDF
+literal
+</ins>
+</a>
+using
+<del class="diff-old">active
+subject
+,
+active
+property
+,
+active
+object
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+</ins></i>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">graph
+name
+.
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">datatype
+</ins></i>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@language
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+datatype
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+rdf:langString
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+then
+add
+the
+value
+associated
+with
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@language
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key
+as
+the
+language
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+literal
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+Return
+<del class="diff-old">active
+object
+.
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">literal
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+</ol>
+</section>
+</section>
+<section id="list-to-rdf-conversion">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.9.4
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">10.3
+</ins>
+</span>
+List
+<ins class="diff-new">to
+RDF
+</ins>
+Conversion
+</h3>
+<p>
+List
+Conversion
+is
+the
+process
+of
+taking
+<del class="diff-old">an
+array
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+list
+object
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">of
+values
+</del>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">adding
+them
+to
+a
+newly
+created
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">transforming
+it
+into
+an
+</ins><a class="tref externalDFN" title="rdf-collection" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#ch_collectionvocab">
+RDF
+Collection
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">(see
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">as
+defined
+in
+RDF
+Semantics
+</ins>
+[
+<cite>
+<del class="diff-old">RDF-SCHEMA
+</del>
+<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF-MT">
+<ins class="diff-chg">RDF-MT
+</ins>
+</a>
+</cite>
+<del class="diff-old">])
+by
+linking
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">].
+</ins></p><section class="informative"><h4 id="general-solution-15"><ins class="diff-chg">
+General
+Solution
+</ins></h4><p><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+This
+section
+is
+non-normative.
+</ins></em></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+For
+</ins>
+each
+element
+of
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list" href="#dfn-list">
+list
+<del class="diff-old">using
+</del>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+identifier
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+allocated
+which
+is
+used
+to
+generate
+</ins>
+<code>
+rdf:first
+</code>
+and
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">rdf:next
+,
+terminating
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">rdf:rest
+</ins></code><a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-triple" href="#dfn-rdf-triple"><ins class="diff-chg">
+triples
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+algorithm
+returns
+</ins>
+the
+list
+<del class="diff-old">with
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">head,
+which
+is
+either
+the
+the
+first
+allocated
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+identifier
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins>
+<code>
+rdf:nil
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">using
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">if
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">following
+sequence:
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list" href="#dfn-list">
+<ins class="diff-chg">list
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+empty.
+</ins>
+</p>
+</section>
+<section>
+<h4 id="algorithm-15">
+<ins class="diff-new">Algorithm
+</ins></h4>
+<p>
+The
+algorithm
+<del class="diff-old">is
+invoked
+with
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">takes
+two
+inputs:
+</ins>
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
+array
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">array
+,
+the
+active
+property
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">list
+</ins></i>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">returns
+a
+value
+to
+be
+used
+as
+</del>
+an
+<del class="diff-old">active
+object
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">in
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">list
+triples
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+used
+for
+returning
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">calling
+location.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">generated
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-triple" href="#dfn-rdf-triple"><ins class="diff-chg">
+triples
+</ins></a>.
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">Note
+This
+algorithm
+does
+not
+support
+lists
+containing
+lists.
+</del>
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">array
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">list
+</ins></i>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">empty
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">empty,
+</ins>
+return
+<code>
+rdf:nil
+</code>.
+</li>
+<li>
+Otherwise,
+<del class="diff-old">generate
+a
+Quad
+using
+using
+the
+active
+subject
+,
+active
+property
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">create
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">and
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">bnodes
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+composed
+of
+</ins>
+a
+<a href="#generate-blank-node-identifier">
+newly
+generated
+blank
+node
+<ins class="diff-new">identifier
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">identified
+as
+first
+blank
+node
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">for
+each
+entry
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+list
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Initialize
+an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">.
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">list
+triples
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+For
+each
+<del class="diff-old">element
+in
+array
+other
+than
+the
+last
+element:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">pair
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+subject
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+from
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+bnodes
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+from
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+list
+</ins></i>:
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Create
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Append
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">processor
+state
+using
+first
+blank
+node
+as
+the
+active
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="triple" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-triple">
+<ins class="diff-chg">triple
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+composed
+of
+</ins><i>
+subject
+<del class="diff-old">,
+and
+</del>
+</i>,
+<code>
+rdf:first
+<del class="diff-old">as
+the
+active
+property
+.
+Process
+</del>
+</code>,
+<ins class="diff-chg">and
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">value
+starting
+at
+Step
+1
+.
+Proceed
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+of
+</ins>
+using
+<del class="diff-old">the
+previous
+processor
+state
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">th
+</ins><a href="#object-to-rdf-conversion"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Object
+to
+RDF
+Conversion
+algorithm
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+passing
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+item
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+list
+triples
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Unless
+this
+is
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+rest
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+as
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">last
+element
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">next
+entry
+</ins>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">array
+,
+generate
+a
+new
+blank
+node
+identified
+as
+rest
+blank
+node
+,
+otherwise
+use
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">bnodes
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+if
+that
+does
+not
+exist,
+</ins>
+<code>
+rdf:nil
+</code>.
+<del class="diff-old">Generate
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Append
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">new
+Quad
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="triple" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-triple">
+<ins class="diff-chg">triple
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">using
+first
+blank
+node
+,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">composed
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+subject
+</ins></i>,
+<code>
+rdf:rest
+</code>,
+and
+<i>
+rest
+<del class="diff-old">blank
+node
+.
+Set
+first
+blank
+node
+</del>
+</i>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">rest
+blank
+node
+.
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">list
+triples
+</ins></i>.</li></ol>
+</li>
+<li>
+Return
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+</ins>
+first
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node" href="#dfn-blank-node">
+blank
+node
+<del class="diff-old">.
+</del>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">from
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+bnodes
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+rdf:nil
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+bnodes
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+empty.
+</ins>
+</li>
+</ol>
+</section>
+</section>
+<section id="convert-from-rdf-algorithm">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.9.5
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">10.4
+</ins>
+</span>
+Convert
+from
+RDF
+Algorithm
+</h3>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">This
+algorithm
+converts
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-dataset" href="#dfn-rdf-dataset"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RDF
+dataset
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+consisting
+of
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-graph" href="#dfn-default-graph"><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+graph
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+zero
+or
+more
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="named-graph" href="#dfn-named-graph"><ins class="diff-chg">
+named
+graphs
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+into
+a
+JSON-LD
+document.
+</ins></p>
+<p>
+In
+some
+cases,
+data
+exists
+natively
+in
+<del class="diff-old">Triples
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+form
+of
+triples
+</ins>
+or
+<del class="diff-old">Quads
+form;
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="triple" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-triple">
+<ins class="diff-chg">triples
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+;
+</ins>
+for
+example,
+if
+the
+data
+was
+originally
+represented
+in
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-dataset" href="#dfn-rdf-dataset">
+RDF
+<del class="diff-old">graph
+or
+triple/quad
+store.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">dataset
+</ins></a>.
+This
+algorithm
+is
+designed
+to
+simply
+translate
+an
+array
+of
+<del class="diff-old">Quads
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="triple" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-triple">
+<ins class="diff-chg">triples
+</ins>
+</a>
+into
+a
+JSON-LD
+document.
+</p>
+<div class="note">
+<div class="note-title">
+<span>
+<ins class="diff-new">Note
+</ins></span></div><p class=""><ins class="diff-new">
+This
+algorithm
+does
+not
+support
+lists
+containing
+lists.
+</ins></p></div><section class="informative"><h4 id="general-solution-16"><ins class="diff-new">
+General
+Solution
+</ins></h4>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">When
+expanding
+typed
+literal
+</del>
+<em>
+<ins class="diff-chg">This
+section
+is
+non-normative.
+</ins></em></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+Iterate
+through
+each
+graph
+in
+the
+dataset,
+converting
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-collection" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#ch_collectionvocab"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RDF
+Collections
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">values
+having
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">into
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">datatype
+of
+xsd:string
+,
+the
+@type
+must
+not
+be
+set
+to
+xsd:string
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list" href="#dfn-list">
+<ins class="diff-chg">list
+</ins></a>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">the
+resulting
+value
+must
+have
+only
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">generating
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">@value
+property.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+document
+in
+expanded
+form
+for
+all
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-literal" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RDF
+literals
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRIs
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+identifiers
+</ins></a>.
+</p>
+</section>
+<section>
+<h4 id="algorithm-16">
+<ins class="diff-new">Algorithm
+</ins></h4>
+<p>
+The
+<del class="diff-old">conversion
+</del>
+algorithm
+takes
+a
+single
+parameter
+<del class="diff-old">input
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">dataset
+</ins></i>
+in
+the
+form
+of
+an
+array
+of
+<del class="diff-old">Quad
+representations.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-dataset" href="#dfn-rdf-dataset"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RDF
+dataset
+</ins></a>.
+</p>
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<del class="diff-old">Construct
+defaultGraph
+as
+</del>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+graph
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins>
+a
+<ins class="diff-chg">new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+JSON
+object
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">containing
+subjects
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">consisting
+of
+two
+members,
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+nodeMap
+</ins></code>
+and
+<code>
+listMap
+<del class="diff-old">,
+each
+</del>
+</code>,
+<ins class="diff-chg">whose
+value
+is
+an
+</ins>
+an
+empty
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+JSON
+object
+</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Construct
+graphs
+as
+a
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+graph
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+JSON
+object
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">containing
+defaultGraph
+identified
+by
+an
+empty
+string
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">consisting
+of
+a
+single
+member
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@default
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+whose
+value
+is
+set
+to
+reference
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+graph
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Reference
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+nodeMap
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+graph
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+using
+the
+variable
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+graph
+nodes
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+For
+each
+<del class="diff-old">quad
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">graph
+</ins></i>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">input
+:
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">dataset
+</ins></i>:
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Set
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+</ins><i>
+graph
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-graph" href="#dfn-default-graph"><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+graph
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+name
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@default
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+otherwise
+</ins>
+to
+the
+<del class="diff-old">entry
+in
+graphs
+identified
+by
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="graph-name" href="#dfn-graph-name">
+<ins class="diff-chg">graph
+</ins>
+name
+<del class="diff-old">,
+initializing
+it
+</del>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">associated
+with
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+graph
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+graph
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+no
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+name
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member,
+create
+one
+and
+set
+its
+value
+to
+a
+</ins>
+to
+a
+new
+<del class="diff-old">entry
+using
+the
+mechanism
+described
+in
+Step
+1
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+consisting
+of
+two
+members,
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+nodeMap
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+listMap
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+whose
+value
+is
+an
+an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins>
+</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">property
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">graph
+</ins></i>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">rdf:first
+,
+use
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">not
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">entry
+in
+graph.listMap
+indexed
+by
+subject
+,
+initializing
+it
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-graph" href="#dfn-default-graph">
+<ins class="diff-chg">default
+graph
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+graph
+nodes
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+does
+not
+have
+a
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+name
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member,
+create
+such
+a
+member
+and
+initialize
+its
+value
+</ins>
+to
+a
+new
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+JSON
+object
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">if
+nesessary.
+Represent
+object
+in
+expanded
+form,
+as
+described
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">with
+a
+single
+member
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@id
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+whose
+value
+is
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+name
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Reference
+the
+value
+of
+the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+name
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+</ins>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">Value
+Expansion
+.
+Add
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">graph
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+using
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">resulting
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">variable
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+graph
+</ins>
+object
+<del class="diff-old">representation
+to
+</del>
+</i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Reference
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">entry
+indexed
+by
+first
+,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+of
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+nodeMap
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+graph
+object
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+using
+the
+variable
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+map
+</ins></i>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">skip
+to
+</del>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">next
+quad.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+of
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+listMap
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+using
+the
+variable
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+list
+map
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-new">For
+each
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-triple" href="#dfn-rdf-triple"><ins class="diff-new">
+RDF
+triple
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+graph
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+consisting
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+subject
+</ins></i>,<i><ins class="diff-new">
+predicate
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-new">
+and
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+object
+</ins></i>:<ol class="algorithm"><li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">property
+is
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">predicate
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+equals
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">rdf:rest
+:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">rdf:first
+</ins></code>,
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">object
+is
+a
+blank
+node
+,
+use
+the
+entry
+in
+graph.listMap
+indexed
+by
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">list
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+no
+</ins><i>
+subject
+<del class="diff-old">,
+initializing
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member,
+create
+one
+and
+initialize
+</ins>
+it
+to
+<del class="diff-old">a
+new
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+JSON
+object
+<del class="diff-old">if
+necessary.
+Add
+</del>
+</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Initialize
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">nominalValue
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+</ins>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">object
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+first
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+of
+the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+subject
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+list
+map
+</ins></i>
+to
+the
+<del class="diff-old">entry
+indexed
+by
+rest
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+of
+the
+</ins><a href="#rdf-to-object-conversion"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RDF
+to
+Object
+Conversion
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+passing
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+object
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Skip
+to
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Continue
+with
+</ins>
+the
+next
+<del class="diff-old">quad.
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-triple" href="#dfn-rdf-triple">
+<ins class="diff-chg">RDF
+triple
+</ins></a>.
+</li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+<li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">name
+is
+not
+null
+,
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">predicate
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+equals
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+rdf:rest
+</ins></code>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+list
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+no
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+subject
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member,
+create
+one
+</ins>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">defaultGraph.subjects
+does
+not
+contain
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">initialize
+it
+to
+</ins>
+an
+<del class="diff-old">entry
+for
+name
+,
+create
+a
+new
+entry
+for
+name
+from
+a
+new
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+JSON
+object
+<del class="diff-old">with
+key/value
+pair
+</del>
+</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Initialize
+the
+value
+</ins>
+of
+<ins class="diff-new">the
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@id
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">rest
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">and
+a
+string
+representation
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member
+</ins>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">name
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+subject
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+list
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="object" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+object
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+which
+is
+either
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+absolute
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+identifier
+</ins></a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Set
+value
+as
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Continue
+with
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">entry
+from
+graph.subjects
+for
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">next
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-triple" href="#dfn-rdf-triple"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RDF
+triple
+</ins></a>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+does
+not
+have
+a
+</ins><i>
+subject
+<del class="diff-old">,
+initializing
+it
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member,
+create
+one
+and
+initialize
+its
+value
+</ins>
+to
+a
+new
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
+JSON
+object
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">with
+key/value
+pair
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">consisting
+</ins>
+of
+<ins class="diff-new">a
+single
+member
+</ins>
+<code>
+@id
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">and
+a
+string
+representation
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">whose
+value
+is
+set
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+subject
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Reference
+the
+value
+</ins>
+of
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+</ins><i>
+subject
+<del class="diff-old">if
+necessary.
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+using
+the
+variable
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">property
+is
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">predicate
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+equals
+</ins>
+<code>
+rdf:type
+</code>,
+and
+<del class="diff-old">the
+notType
+option
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">object
+</ins></i>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">present
+and
+not
+true
+:
+Append
+the
+string
+representation
+of
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+identifier
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+append
+</ins><i>
+object
+</i>
+to
+the
+<del class="diff-old">array
+</del>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">for
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">of
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">key
+</del>
+<code>
+@type
+<del class="diff-old">,
+creating
+</del>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+</ins></i>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+no
+such
+member
+exists,
+create
+one
+and
+initialize
+it
+to
+</ins>
+an
+<del class="diff-old">entry
+in
+value
+if
+necessary.
+Otherwise,
+if
+object
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
+<ins class="diff-chg">array
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+whose
+only
+item
+</ins>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">rdf:nil
+:
+Let
+key
+be
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">object
+</ins></i>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Finally,
+continue
+to
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">string
+representation
+of
+property
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">next
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-triple" href="#dfn-rdf-triple"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RDF
+triple
+</ins></a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Append
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+does
+not
+have
+</ins>
+an
+<del class="diff-old">empty
+@list
+representation
+to
+the
+array
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">predicate
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member,
+create
+one
+and
+initialize
+its
+</ins>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">for
+key
+,
+creating
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">to
+</ins>
+an
+<del class="diff-old">entry
+in
+value
+if
+necessary.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+Let
+key
+be
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">string
+representation
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+</ins>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">property
+and
+let
+object
+representation
+be
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">using
+the
+</ins><a href="#rdf-to-object-conversion"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RDF
+to
+Object
+Conversion
+algorithm
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+passing
+</ins><i>
+object
+<del class="diff-old">represented
+in
+expanded
+form
+as
+described
+in
+Value
+Expansion
+.
+</del>
+</i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Add
+a
+reference
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+to
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+associated
+with
+the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+predicate
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+If
+<i>
+object
+</i>
+is
+<ins class="diff-new">an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-new">
+or
+</ins>
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
+blank
+node
+<del class="diff-old">,
+use
+the
+entry
+in
+graph.listMap
+indexed
+by
+object
+,
+initializing
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">identifier
+</ins></a>
+it
+<del class="diff-old">to
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">might
+represent
+the
+head
+of
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">new
+JSON
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">RDF
+list:
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+list
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+no
+</ins><i>
+object
+<del class="diff-old">if
+nesessary.
+Add
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member,
+create
+one
+and
+set
+its
+value
+to
+</ins>
+an
+<del class="diff-old">entry
+for
+head
+with
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+</ins>
+object
+<del class="diff-old">representation
+.
+</del>
+</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Append
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Set
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+head
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+of
+the
+</ins><i>
+object
+<del class="diff-old">representation
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+list
+map
+</ins></i>
+to
+<ins class="diff-new">a
+reference
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i>.<ins class="diff-new">
+This
+reference
+may
+be
+required
+later
+to
+replace
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">array
+</del>
+<i>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">for
+key
+,
+creating
+an
+entry
+</del>
+</i>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">value
+if
+necessary.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+predicate
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+with
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+list
+object
+</ins></a>.</li></ol>
+</li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+<li>
+For
+each
+<i>
+name
+</i>
+and
+<i>
+graph
+<ins class="diff-chg">object
+</ins></i>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">graphs
+:
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">graph
+map
+</ins></i>:
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-new">Reference
+the
+value
+of
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+listMap
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+member
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+graph
+object
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+using
+the
+variable
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+list
+map
+</ins></i>.</li><li>
+For
+each
+<ins class="diff-chg">key-value
+pair
+</ins><i>
+subject
+<del class="diff-old">and
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">-
+</ins><i>
+entry
+<del class="diff-old">in
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">of
+the
+value
+associated
+to
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+listMap
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+of
+</ins><i>
+graph
+<del class="diff-old">where
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">object
+</ins></i>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><i>
+entry
+</i>
+has
+<del class="diff-old">both
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">not
+an
+</ins><code>
+head
+</code>
+and
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+</ins><code>
+first
+<del class="diff-old">keys:
+</del>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member
+it
+does
+not
+represent
+the
+head
+of
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="list" href="#dfn-list"><ins class="diff-chg">
+list
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Continue
+with
+the
+next
+key-value
+pair.
+</ins></li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Set
+value
+to
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Reference
+</ins>
+the
+value
+of
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+</ins><code>
+head
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member
+</ins>
+in
+<i>
+entry
+<del class="diff-old">.
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">using
+the
+variable
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+Remove
+the
+<del class="diff-old">entry
+for
+</del>
+<code>
+@id
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">in
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member
+from
+</ins><i>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">.
+</del>
+</i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+Add
+an
+<del class="diff-old">entry
+to
+value
+for
+</del>
+<code>
+@list
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">initialized
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">a
+new
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+initialize
+it
+to
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
+array
+</a>
+containing
+the
+value
+of
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+</ins><code>
+first
+<del class="diff-old">from
+</del>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member
+of
+</ins><i>
+entry
+<del class="diff-old">.
+</del>
+</i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+While
+<del class="diff-old">entry
+has
+a
+key
+for
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+value
+associated
+with
+the
+</ins><code>
+rest
+<del class="diff-old">:
+</del>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+entry
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+not
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+rdf:nil
+</ins></code>:
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+Set
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">rest
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+value
+of
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+rest
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+of
+</ins><i>
+entry
+</i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+entry
+</ins></i>
+to
+the
+value
+<ins class="diff-new">associated
+with
+the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+rest
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+member
+</ins>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">graph.listMap
+for
+entry.rest
+.
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">list
+map
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+Add
+the
+value
+<del class="diff-old">for
+entry.first
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">associated
+with
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+first
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+entry
+</ins></i>
+to
+the
+<del class="diff-old">list
+array.
+</del>
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@list
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Create
+array
+as
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Initialize
+</ins>
+an
+empty
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
+array
+<del class="diff-old">.
+</del>
+</a>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+<li>
+For
+each
+<i>
+subject
+</i>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">entry
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">node
+</ins></i>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">defaultGraph.subjects
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">default
+graph
+nodes
+</ins></i>
+ordered
+by
+<i>
+subject
+<del class="diff-old">:
+</del>
+</i>:
+<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Add
+entry
+to
+array
+.
+</del>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">graphs
+</del>
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">graph
+map
+</ins></i>
+has
+an
+<del class="diff-old">entry
+for
+</del>
+<i>
+subject
+<del class="diff-old">,
+add
+</del>
+</i>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member:
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Add
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">property
+</del>
+<code>
+@graph
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">in
+entry
+containing
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">member
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+initialize
+its
+value
+to
+an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Reference
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+nodeMap
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+of
+the
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+subject
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+graph
+map
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+using
+</ins>
+the
+<ins class="diff-new">variable
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+node
+map
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+For
+each
+key-value
+pair
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+s
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+-
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+n
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+node
+map
+</ins></i>
+ordered
+<del class="diff-old">entries
+from
+graphs[subject].subjects
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">by
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+s
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+append
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+n
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@graph
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Append
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
+result
+</ins></i>.
+</li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+<li>
+Return
+<i>
+<ins class="diff-new">result
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></section></section><section id="rdf-to-object-conversion"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+10.5
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
+RDF
+to
+Object
+Conversion
+</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-new">
+This
+algorithm
+transforms
+an
+RDF
+literal
+to
+a
+JSON-LD
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+a
+RDF
+blank
+node
+or
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+an
+JSON-LD
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+node
+object
+</ins></a>.</p><section class="informative"><h4 id="general-solution-17"><ins class="diff-new">
+General
+Solution
+</ins></h4><p>
+<em>
+<del class="diff-old">array
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">This
+section
+is
+non-normative.
+</ins>
+</em>
+</p>
+<p>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-literal" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-literal">
+<ins class="diff-new">RDF
+literals
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+are
+transformed
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+objects
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+as
+defined
+in
+the
+section
+</ins><a href="#data-round-tripping"><ins class="diff-new">
+Data
+Round
+Tripping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+whereas
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRIs
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+blank
+node
+identifiers
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+are
+transformed
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+node
+objects
+</ins></a>.</p></section><section><h4 id="algorithm-17"><ins class="diff-new">
+Algorithm
+</ins></h4><p><ins class="diff-new">
+This
+algorithm
+takes
+</ins>
+as
+<ins class="diff-new">single
+input
+variable
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+that
+is
+converted
+to
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a>.</p><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+an
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-new">
+or
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+blank
+node
+identifier
+</ins></a>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+equals
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+rdf:nil
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+return
+a
+new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+consisting
+of
+a
+single
+member
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@list
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+whose
+value
+is
+set
+to
+an
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-new">
+array
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
+This
+is
+behavior
+is
+required
+by
+</ins>
+the
+<a href="#convert-from-rdf-algorithm">
+<ins class="diff-new">Convert
+from
+RDF
+algorithm
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Otherwise,
+return
+a
+new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+consisting
+of
+a
+single
+member
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@id
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+whose
+value
+is
+set
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Otherwise
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+an
+</ins><a class="tref externalDFN" title="rdf-literal" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-literal"><ins class="diff-new">
+RDF
+literal
+</ins></a>:<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Initialize
+a
+new
+empty
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a>
+result.
+</li>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-new">Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+converted
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Initialize
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+type
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
+null
+</ins></a></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+the
+</ins><a class="tref externalDFN" title="datatype-iri" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-datatype-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
+datatype
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-new">
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+equals
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+xsd:boolean
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-new">
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+converted
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-new">
+true
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+if
+the
+</ins><a class="tref externalDFN" title="lexical-form" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-lexical-form"><ins class="diff-new">
+lexical
+form
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+matches
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+true
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-new">
+or
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+false
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+if
+it
+matches
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+false
+</ins></code>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Otherwise,
+if
+the
+</ins><a class="tref externalDFN" title="datatype-iri" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-datatype-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
+datatype
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-new">
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+equals
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+xsd:integer
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+or
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+xsd:double
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-new">
+try
+to
+convert
+the
+literal
+to
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number"><ins class="diff-new">
+JSON
+number
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
+If
+the
+conversion
+is
+successful,
+store
+the
+result
+in
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+converted
+value
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Otherwise,
+if
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref externalDFN" title="language-tagged-string" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-language-tagged-string"><ins class="diff-new">
+language-tagged
+string
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+add
+a
+member
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@language
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+set
+its
+value
+to
+the
+</ins><a class="tref externalDFN" title="language-tag" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-language-tag"><ins class="diff-new">
+language
+tag
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Otherwise,
+set
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+type
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+the
+</ins><a class="tref externalDFN" title="datatype-iri" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-datatype-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
+datatype
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-new">
+of
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-new">
+unless
+it
+equals
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+xsd:string
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+which
+is
+ignored.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Add
+a
+member
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@value
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+whose
+value
+is
+set
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+converted
+value
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+type
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+not
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+add
+a
+member
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@type
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+result
+</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
+whose
+value
+is
+set
+to
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+type
+</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Return
+</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
+result
+</ins></i>.</li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+</ol>
+</section>
+</section>
+<section id="data-round-tripping">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">10.6
+</ins>
+</span>
+Data
+Round
+Tripping
+</h3>
+<p>
+When
+<del class="diff-old">coercing
+</del>
+<a href="#rdf-conversion">
+<ins class="diff-chg">converting
+JSON-LD
+to
+RDF
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON-native
+types
+such
+as
+</ins><em>
+numbers
+</em>
+<ins class="diff-new">and
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
+booleans
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+are
+automatically
+coerced
+</ins>
+to
+<code>
+xsd:integer
+<del class="diff-old">or
+</del>
+</code>,
+<code>
+xsd:double
+<del class="diff-old">as
+it,
+e.g.,
+happens
+during
+RDF
+Conversion
+,
+implementers
+must
+</del>
+</code>,
+<ins class="diff-chg">or
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+xsd:boolean
+</ins></code>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Implementers
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="MUST"><ins class="diff-chg">
+MUST
+</ins>
+</em>
+ensure
+that
+the
+result
+is
+<del class="diff-old">a
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="canonical-lexical-form" href="#dfn-canonical-lexical-form">
+canonical
+lexical
+form
+<del class="diff-old">in
+the
+form
+of
+a
+string
+</del>
+</a>.
+A
+<dfn title="canonical-lexical-form" id="dfn-canonical-lexical-form">
+canonical
+lexical
+form
+</dfn>
+is
+a
+set
+of
+literals
+from
+among
+the
+valid
+set
+of
+literals
+for
+a
+datatype
+such
+that
+there
+is
+a
+one-to-one
+mapping
+between
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="canonical-lexical-form" href="#dfn-canonical-lexical-form">
+canonical
+lexical
+form
+</a>
+and
+a
+value
+in
+the
+value
+space
+as
+defined
+in
+[
+<cite>
+<a class="bibref" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">
+XMLSCHEMA11-2
+</a>
+</cite>
+<del class="diff-old">]].
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">].
+</ins>
+In
+other
+words,
+every
+value
+<del class="diff-old">must
+</del>
+<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">
+<ins class="diff-chg">MUST
+</ins>
+</em>
+be
+converted
+to
+a
+deterministic
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
+string
+</a>
+representation.
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+canonical
+lexical
+form
+of
+an
+<em>
+integer
+</em>,
+i.e.,
+a
+number
+without
+fractions
+or
+a
+number
+coerced
+to
+<code>
+xsd:integer
+<del class="diff-old">,
+</del>
+</code>,
+is
+a
+finite-length
+sequence
+of
+decimal
+digits
+(
+<code>
+0-9
+</code>
+)
+with
+an
+optional
+leading
+minus
+sign;
+leading
+<del class="diff-old">zeroes
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">zeros
+</ins>
+are
+prohibited.
+To
+convert
+the
+number
+in
+JavaScript,
+implementers
+can
+use
+the
+following
+snippet
+of
+code:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<div class="example-title">
+<span>
+Example
+<del class="diff-old">23
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">12
+</ins></span>:<ins class="diff-chg">
+Sample
+integer
+serialization
+implementation
+in
+JavaScript
+</ins>
+</div>
+<pre class="example">
+(value).toFixed(0).toString()
+</pre>
+</div>
+<p>
+The
+canonical
+lexical
+form
+of
+a
+<em>
+double
+</em>,
+i.e.,
+a
+number
+with
+fractions
+or
+a
+number
+coerced
+to
+<code>
+xsd:double
+<del class="diff-old">,
+</del>
+</code>,
+consists
+of
+a
+mantissa
+followed
+by
+the
+character
+"E",
+followed
+by
+an
+exponent.
+The
+mantissa
+<del class="diff-old">must
+</del>
+<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">
+<ins class="diff-chg">MUST
+</ins>
+</em>
+be
+a
+decimal
+number.
+The
+exponent
+<del class="diff-old">must
+</del>
+<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">
+<ins class="diff-chg">MUST
+</ins>
+</em>
+be
+an
+integer.
+Leading
+<del class="diff-old">zeroes
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">zeros
+</ins>
+and
+a
+preceding
+plus
+sign
+(
+<code>
++
+</code>
+)
+are
+prohibited
+in
+the
+exponent.
+If
+the
+exponent
+is
+zero,
+it
+must
+be
+indicated
+by
+<code>
+E0
+</code>.
+For
+the
+mantissa,
+the
+preceding
+optional
+plus
+sign
+is
+prohibited
+and
+the
+decimal
+point
+is
+required.
+Leading
+and
+trailing
+<del class="diff-old">zeroes
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">zeros
+</ins>
+are
+prohibited
+subject
+to
+the
+following:
+number
+representations
+must
+be
+normalized
+such
+that
+there
+is
+a
+single
+digit
+which
+is
+non-zero
+to
+the
+left
+of
+the
+decimal
+point
+and
+at
+least
+a
+single
+digit
+to
+the
+right
+of
+the
+decimal
+point
+unless
+the
+value
+being
+represented
+is
+zero.
+The
+canonical
+representation
+for
+zero
+is
+<code>
+0.0E0
+</code>.
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-new">xsd:double
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+'s
+value
+space
+is
+defined
+by
+the
+IEEE
+double-precision
+64-bit
+floating
+point
+type
+[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-IEEE-754-1985"><ins class="diff-new">
+IEEE-754-1985
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-new">
+];
+in
+JSON-LD
+the
+mantissa
+is
+rounded
+to
+15
+digits
+after
+the
+decimal
+point.
+</ins></p><p>
+To
+convert
+the
+number
+in
+JavaScript,
+implementers
+can
+use
+the
+following
+snippet
+of
+code:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<div class="example-title">
+<span>
+Example
+<del class="diff-old">24
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">13
+</ins></span>:<ins class="diff-chg">
+Sample
+floating
+point
+number
+serialization
+implementation
+in
+JavaScript
+</ins>
+</div>
+<pre class="example">
+<del class="diff-old">(value).toExponential().replace(/e\+?/,'E')
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">(value).toExponential(15).replace(/(\d)0*e\+?/,'$1E')
+</ins>
+</pre>
+</div>
+<del class="diff-old">xsd:double
+'s
+value
+space
+is
+defined
+by
+the
+IEEE
+double-precision
+64-bit
+floating
+point
+type
+[
+IEEE-754-1985
+].
+</del>
+<div class="note">
+<div class="note-title">
+<span>
+Note
+</span>
+</div>
+<p class="">
+When
+data
+such
+as
+decimals
+need
+to
+be
+normalized,
+JSON-LD
+authors
+should
+not
+use
+values
+that
+are
+going
+to
+undergo
+automatic
+conversion.
+This
+is
+due
+to
+the
+lossy
+nature
+of
+<code>
+xsd:double
+</code>
+values.
+Authors
+should
+instead
+use
+the
+expanded
+object
+form
+to
+set
+the
+canonical
+lexical
+form
+directly.
+</p>
+</div>
+<del class="diff-old">Note
+</del>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+canonical
+lexical
+form
+of
+the
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+boolean
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+values
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false"><ins class="diff-chg">
+false
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+are
+the
+strings
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+false
+</ins></code>.</p><p>
+When
+JSON-native
+<del class="diff-old">datatypes,
+like
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">
+number
+</a>
+s,
+are
+type
+coerced,
+lossless
+data
+round-tripping
+can
+not
+be
+<del class="diff-old">guaranted.
+Consider
+the
+following
+code
+example:
+var myObj1 = {
+ "@context": {
+ "number": {
+ "@id": "http://example.com/vocab#number",
+
+ }
+ },
+ "number" :
+ };
+// Convert the JSON-LD document to RDF; this converts 42 to a string
+var jsonldText = jsonld.toRDF(myObj1, myRdfTripleCollector);
+// Convert the RDF triples back to a JavaScript object
+var
+myObj2
+=
+jsonld.fromRDF(myRdfTripleCollector.getTriples());
+At
+this
+point,
+myObj1
+and
+myObj2
+will
+have
+different
+values
+for
+the
+"number"
+property.
+myObj1
+will
+have
+the
+number
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">guaranteed
+as
+rounding
+errors
+might
+occur.
+Additionally,
+only
+literals
+typed
+as
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">42
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">xsd:integer
+</ins>
+</code>,
+<del class="diff-old">while
+</del>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">myObj2
+have
+an
+object
+consisting
+of
+@value
+set
+to
+the
+string
+"42"
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">xsd:double
+</ins></code>,
+and
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@type
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">xsd:boolean
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">set
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">are
+automatically
+converted
+back
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">the
+expanded
+value
+of
+xsd:nonNegativeInteger
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">their
+JSON-native
+counterparts
+in
+when
+</ins><a href="#rdf-conversion"><ins class="diff-chg">
+converting
+from
+RDF
+</ins></a>.
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">Note
+</del>
+<p>
+Some
+JSON
+serializers,
+such
+as
+PHP's
+native
+implementation
+in
+some
+versions,
+backslash-escape
+the
+forward
+slash
+character.
+For
+example,
+the
+value
+<code>
+http://example.com/
+</code>
+would
+be
+serialized
+as
+<code>
+http:\/\/example.com\/
+</code>.
+This
+is
+problematic
+as
+other
+JSON
+parsers
+might
+not
+understand
+those
+escaping
+characters.
+There
+is
+no
+need
+to
+backslash-escape
+forward
+slashes
+in
+JSON-LD.
+To
+aid
+interoperability
+between
+JSON-LD
+processors,
+a
+JSON-LD
+serializer
+<del class="diff-old">must
+not
+</del>
+<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST NOT">
+<ins class="diff-chg">MUST
+NOT
+</ins>
+</em>
+backslash-escape
+forward
+slashes.
+</p>
+</section>
+</section>
+<section id="the-application-programming-interface">
+<h2>
+<span class="secno">
+<ins class="diff-new">11.
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
+The
+Application
+Programming
+Interface
+</ins></h2><p><ins class="diff-new">
+This
+API
+provides
+a
+clean
+mechanism
+that
+enables
+developers
+to
+convert
+JSON-LD
+data
+into
+a
+a
+variety
+of
+output
+formats
+that
+are
+often
+easier
+to
+work
+with.
+A
+conformant
+JSON-LD
+Processor
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="MUST"><ins class="diff-new">
+MUST
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+implement
+the
+entirety
+of
+the
+following
+API.
+</ins></p><section id="jsonldprocessor"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+11.1
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
+JsonLdProcessor
+</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-new">
+The
+JSON-LD
+Processor
+interface
+is
+the
+high-level
+programming
+structure
+that
+developers
+use
+to
+access
+the
+JSON-LD
+transformation
+methods.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-new">
+It
+is
+important
+to
+highlight
+that
+conformant
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-processor" href="#dfn-json-ld-processor"><ins class="diff-new">
+JSON-LD
+processors
+</ins></a><em class="rfc2119" title="MUST NOT"><ins class="diff-new">
+MUST
+NOT
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+modify
+the
+input
+parameters.
+</ins></p> <pre class="idl"><span class="idlInterface" id="idl-def-JsonLdProcessor">[<span class="extAttr">Constructor</span>]<ins class="diff-new">
+interface <span class="idlInterfaceID">JsonLdProcessor</span> {
+</ins><span class="idlMethod"> <span class="idlMethType"><a>void</a></span> <span class="idlMethName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdProcessor-expand-void-object-object---DOMString-input-JsonLdCallback-callback-JsonLdOptions-options">expand</a></span> (<span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType">(<a>object</a> or <a>object[]</a> or <a>DOMString</a>)</span> <span class="idlParamName">input</span></span>, <span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdCallback" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdCallback</code></a></span> <span class="idlParamName">callback</span></span>, <span class="idlParam">optional <span class="idlParamType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdOptions" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdOptions</code></a>?</span> <span class="idlParamName">options</span></span>);</span><span class="idlMethod"> <span class="idlMethType"><a>void</a></span> <span class="idlMethName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdProcessor-compact-void-object-object---DOMString-input-object-DOMString-context-JsonLdCallback-callback-JsonLdOptions-options">compact</a></span> (<span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType">(<a>object</a> or <a>object[]</a> or <a>DOMString</a>)</span> <span class="idlParamName">input</span></span>, <span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType">(<a>object</a> or <a>DOMString</a>)</span> <span class="idlParamName">context</span></span>, <span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdCallback" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdCallback</code></a></span> <span class="idlParamName">callback</span></span>, <span class="idlParam">optional <span class="idlParamType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdOptions" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdOptions</code></a>?</span> <span class="idlParamName">options</span></span>);</span><span class="idlMethod"> <span class="idlMethType"><a>void</a></span> <span class="idlMethName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdProcessor-flatten-void-object-object---DOMString-input-object-DOMString-context-JsonLdCallback-callback-JsonLdOptions-options">flatten</a></span> (<span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType">(<a>object</a> or <a>object[]</a> or <a>DOMString</a>)</span> <span class="idlParamName">input</span></span>, <span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType">(<a>object</a> or <a>DOMString</a>)?</span> <span class="idlParamName">context</span></span>, <span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdCallback" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdCallback</code></a></span> <span class="idlParamName">callback</span></span>, <span class="idlParam">optional <span class="idlParamType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdOptions" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdOptions</code></a>?</span> <span class="idlParamName">options</span></span>);</span><ins class="diff-new">
+};
+</ins></span></pre><section><h4 id="methods"><ins class="diff-new">
+Methods
+</ins></h4><dl class="methods"><dt id="widl-JsonLdProcessor-compact-void-object-object---DOMString-input-object-DOMString-context-JsonLdCallback-callback-JsonLdOptions-options"><code><ins class="diff-new">
+compact
+</ins></code></dt><dd><a href="#compaction"><ins class="diff-new">
+Compacts
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+the
+given
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+input
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+using
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+context
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+according
+to
+the
+steps
+in
+the
+</ins><a href="#compaction-algorithm"><ins class="diff-new">
+Compaction
+algorithm
+</ins></a>.<table class="parameters"><tr><th><ins class="diff-new">
+Parameter
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-new">
+Type
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-new">
+Nullable
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-new">
+Optional
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-new">
+Description
+</ins></th></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-new">
+input
+</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><ins class="diff-new">
+(
+</ins><a><ins class="diff-new">
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+or
+</ins><a><ins class="diff-new">
+object[]
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+or
+</ins><a><ins class="diff-new">
+DOMString
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+)
+</ins></code></td><td class="prmNullFalse"><ins class="diff-new">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><ins class="diff-new">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-new">
+The
+JSON-LD
+object
+or
+array
+of
+JSON-LD
+objects
+to
+perform
+the
+compaction
+upon
+or
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-new">
+referencing
+the
+JSON-LD
+document
+to
+compact.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-new">
+context
+</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><ins class="diff-new">
+(
+</ins><a><ins class="diff-new">
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+or
+</ins><a><ins class="diff-new">
+DOMString
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+)
+</ins></code></td><td class="prmNullFalse"><ins class="diff-new">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><ins class="diff-new">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-new">
+The
+context
+to
+use
+when
+compacting
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+input
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+;
+either
+in
+the
+form
+of
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+or
+as
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a>.</td></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-new">
+callback
+</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdCallback" class="idlType"><code><ins class="diff-new">
+JsonLdCallback
+</ins></code></a></code></td><td class="prmNullFalse"><ins class="diff-new">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><ins class="diff-new">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-new">
+A
+callback
+that
+is
+called
+when
+processing
+completed
+successfully
+on
+the
+given
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+input
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-new">
+or
+a
+fatal
+error
+prevented
+processing
+from
+completing.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-new">
+options
+</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdOptions" class="idlType"><code><ins class="diff-new">
+JsonLdOptions
+</ins></code></a></code></td><td class="prmNullTrue"><ins class="diff-new">
+✔
+</ins></td><td class="prmOptTrue"><ins class="diff-new">
+✔
+</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-new">
+A
+set
+of
+options
+to
+configure
+the
+algorithms.
+This
+allows,
+e.g.,
+to
+set
+the
+input
+document's
+base
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a>.</td></tr></table><div><em><ins class="diff-new">
+Return
+type:
+</ins></em><code><a><ins class="diff-new">
+void
+</ins></a></code>
+</div>
+</dd>
+<dt id="widl-JsonLdProcessor-expand-void-object-object---DOMString-input-JsonLdCallback-callback-JsonLdOptions-options">
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-new">expand
+</ins></code></dt><dd><a href="#expansion"><ins class="diff-new">
+Expands
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+the
+given
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+input
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+according
+to
+the
+steps
+in
+the
+</ins><a href="#expansion-algorithm"><ins class="diff-new">
+Expansion
+algorithm
+</ins></a>.<table class="parameters"><tr><th><ins class="diff-new">
+Parameter
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-new">
+Type
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-new">
+Nullable
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-new">
+Optional
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-new">
+Description
+</ins></th></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-new">
+input
+</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><ins class="diff-new">
+(
+</ins><a><ins class="diff-new">
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+or
+</ins><a><ins class="diff-new">
+object[]
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+or
+</ins><a><ins class="diff-new">
+DOMString
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+)
+</ins></code></td><td class="prmNullFalse"><ins class="diff-new">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><ins class="diff-new">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-new">
+The
+JSON-LD
+object
+or
+array
+of
+JSON-LD
+objects
+to
+perform
+the
+expansion
+upon
+or
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-new">
+referencing
+the
+JSON-LD
+document
+to
+expand.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-new">
+callback
+</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdCallback" class="idlType"><code><ins class="diff-new">
+JsonLdCallback
+</ins></code></a></code></td><td class="prmNullFalse"><ins class="diff-new">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><ins class="diff-new">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-new">
+A
+callback
+that
+is
+called
+when
+processing
+completed
+successfully
+on
+the
+given
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+input
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-new">
+or
+a
+fatal
+error
+prevented
+processing
+from
+completing.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-new">
+options
+</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdOptions" class="idlType"><code><ins class="diff-new">
+JsonLdOptions
+</ins></code></a></code></td><td class="prmNullTrue"><ins class="diff-new">
+✔
+</ins></td><td class="prmOptTrue"><ins class="diff-new">
+✔
+</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-new">
+A
+set
+of
+options
+to
+configure
+the
+used
+algorithms
+such.
+This
+allows,
+e.g.,
+to
+set
+the
+input
+document's
+base
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a>.</td></tr></table><div><em><ins class="diff-new">
+Return
+type:
+</ins></em><code><a><ins class="diff-new">
+void
+</ins></a></code>
+</div>
+</dd>
+<dt id="widl-JsonLdProcessor-flatten-void-object-object---DOMString-input-object-DOMString-context-JsonLdCallback-callback-JsonLdOptions-options">
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">flatten
+</ins></code></dt><dd><a href="#flattening"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Flattens
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+given
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+input
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><a href="#compaction"><ins class="diff-chg">
+compacts
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+it
+using
+the
+passed
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+according
+to
+the
+steps
+in
+the
+</ins><a href="#flattening-algorithm"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Flattening
+algorithm
+</ins></a>.<table class="parameters"><tr><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Parameter
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Type
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Nullable
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Optional
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Description
+</ins></th></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-chg">
+input
+</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+(
+</ins><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+object[]
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+DOMString
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+)
+</ins></code></td><td class="prmNullFalse"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+JSON-LD
+object
+or
+array
+of
+JSON-LD
+objects
+or
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+referencing
+the
+JSON-LD
+document
+to
+flatten.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+(
+</ins><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+DOMString
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+)
+</ins></code></td><td class="prmNullTrue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✔
+</ins></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+context
+to
+use
+when
+compacting
+the
+flattened
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+input
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+;
+either
+in
+the
+form
+of
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+as
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+passed,
+the
+result
+will
+not
+be
+compacted
+but
+kept
+in
+expanded
+form.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-chg">
+callback
+</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdCallback" class="idlType"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+JsonLdCallback
+</ins></code></a></code></td><td class="prmNullFalse"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+callback
+that
+is
+called
+when
+processing
+completed
+successfully
+on
+the
+given
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+input
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+a
+fatal
+error
+prevented
+processing
+from
+completing.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-chg">
+options
+</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdOptions" class="idlType"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+JsonLdOptions
+</ins></code></a></code></td><td class="prmNullTrue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✔
+</ins></td><td class="prmOptTrue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✔
+</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+set
+of
+options
+to
+configure
+the
+used
+algorithms
+such.
+This
+allows,
+e.g.,
+to
+set
+the
+input
+document's
+base
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a>.</td></tr></table><div><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+Return
+type:
+</ins></em><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+void
+</ins></a></code></div></dd></dl></section></section><section id="callbacks"><h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">A.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">11.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Initial
+Context
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Callbacks
+</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON-LD
+processors
+utilize
+callbacks
+in
+order
+to
+exchange
+information
+in
+an
+asynchronous
+manner
+with
+applications.
+This
+section
+details
+the
+parameters
+of
+those
+callbacks.
+</ins></p><section><h4 id="jsonldcallback"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JsonLdCallback
+</ins></h4><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+</ins><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdCallback" class="idlType"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+JsonLdCallback
+</ins></code></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+called
+when
+an
+API
+method
+of
+</ins><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdProcessor" class="idlType"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+JsonLdProcessor
+</ins></code></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+been
+completed,
+either
+successfully
+or
+by
+a
+fatal
+error.
+</ins></p><pre class="idl"><span class="idlCallback" id="idl-def-JsonLdCallback"><ins class="diff-chg">
+callback
+</ins><span class="idlCallbackID"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JsonLdCallback
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+=
+</ins><span class="idlCallbackType"><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+void
+</ins></a></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+(
+</ins><span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdError" class="idlType"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+JsonLdError
+</ins></code></a></span><span class="idlParamName"><ins class="diff-chg">
+error
+</ins></span></span>,<span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType"><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+object
+or
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+[]
+</ins></span><span class="idlParamName"><ins class="diff-chg">
+document
+</ins></span></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+);
+</ins></span></pre><section><h5 id="callback-jsonldcallback-parameters"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Callback
+</ins><a class="idlType" href="#idl-def-JsonLdCallback"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+JsonLdCallback
+</ins></code></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+Parameters
+</ins></h5><dl class="callback-members"><dt id="widl-JsonLdCallback-error"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+error
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+type
+</ins><span class="idlMemberType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdError" class="idlType"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+JsonLdError
+</ins></code></a></span></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+value
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+then
+no
+issue
+was
+detected
+during
+processing.
+Otherwise,
+a
+processing
+error
+was
+detected
+and
+the
+details
+are
+contained
+within
+the
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+error
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+object.
+</ins></dd><dt id="widl-JsonLdCallback-document"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+document
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+type
+array
+of
+</ins><span class="idlMemberType"><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+object
+or
+object
+</ins></a></span></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+processed
+JSON-LD
+document.
+</ins></dd></dl></section></section><section><h4 id="loadcontextcallback"><ins class="diff-chg">
+LoadContextCallback
+</ins></h4><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+</ins><a href="#idl-def-LoadContextCallback" class="idlType"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+LoadContextCallback
+</ins></code></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+defines
+the
+callback
+that
+custom
+context
+loaders
+have
+to
+implement
+to
+be
+used
+to
+retrieve
+remote
+contexts.
+</ins></p><pre class="idl"><span class="idlCallback" id="idl-def-LoadContextCallback"><ins class="diff-chg">
+callback
+</ins><span class="idlCallbackID"><ins class="diff-chg">
+LoadContextCallback
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+=
+</ins><span class="idlCallbackType"><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+void
+</ins></a></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+(
+</ins><span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType"><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+DOMString
+</ins></a></span><span class="idlParamName"><ins class="diff-chg">
+url
+</ins></span></span>,<span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType"><a href="#idl-def-ContextLoadedCallback" class="idlType"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+ContextLoadedCallback
+</ins></code></a></span><span class="idlParamName"><ins class="diff-chg">
+callback
+</ins></span></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+);
+</ins></span></pre><section><h5 id="callback-loadcontextcallback-parameters"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Callback
+</ins><a class="idlType" href="#idl-def-LoadContextCallback"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+LoadContextCallback
+</ins></code></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+Parameters
+</ins></h5><dl class="callback-members"><dt id="widl-LoadContextCallback-url"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+url
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+type
+</ins><span class="idlMemberType"><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+DOMString
+</ins></a></span></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+URL
+of
+the
+remote
+context
+to
+load.
+</ins></dd><dt id="widl-LoadContextCallback-callback"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+callback
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+type
+</ins><span class="idlMemberType"><a href="#idl-def-ContextLoadedCallback" class="idlType"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+ContextLoadedCallback
+</ins></code></a></span></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+callback
+that
+is
+called
+when
+the
+remote
+context
+has
+been
+successfully
+loaded
+or
+an
+error
+preventing
+its
+loading
+has
+been
+detected.
+</ins></dd></dl></section></section><section><h4 id="contextloadedcallback"><ins class="diff-chg">
+ContextLoadedCallback
+</ins></h4><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+</ins><a href="#idl-def-ContextLoadedCallback" class="idlType"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+ContextLoadedCallback
+</ins></code></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+called
+in
+response
+to
+a
+call
+of
+the
+</ins><a href="#idl-def-LoadContextCallback" class="idlType"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+LoadContextCallback
+</ins></code></a>.</p><pre class="idl"><span class="idlCallback" id="idl-def-ContextLoadedCallback"><ins class="diff-chg">
+callback
+</ins><span class="idlCallbackID"><ins class="diff-chg">
+ContextLoadedCallback
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+=
+</ins><span class="idlCallbackType"><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+void
+</ins></a></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+(
+</ins><span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdError" class="idlType"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+JsonLdError
+</ins></code></a></span><span class="idlParamName"><ins class="diff-chg">
+error
+</ins></span></span>,<span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType"><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+DOMString
+</ins></a></span><span class="idlParamName"><ins class="diff-chg">
+url
+</ins></span></span>,<span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType"><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+DOMString
+</ins></a></span><span class="idlParamName"><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></span></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+);
+</ins></span></pre><section><h5 id="callback-contextloadedcallback-parameters"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Callback
+</ins><a class="idlType" href="#idl-def-ContextLoadedCallback"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+ContextLoadedCallback
+</ins></code></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+Parameters
+</ins></h5><dl class="callback-members"><dt id="widl-ContextLoadedCallback-error"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+error
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+type
+</ins><span class="idlMemberType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdError" class="idlType"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+JsonLdError
+</ins></code></a></span></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+value
+is
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+then
+no
+issue
+was
+detected
+during
+processing.
+Otherwise,
+a
+processing
+issue
+was
+detected
+and
+the
+details
+are
+contained
+within
+the
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+error
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+object.
+All
+errors
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="MUST"><ins class="diff-chg">
+MUST
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+have
+a
+</ins><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode" class="idlType"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+JsonLdErrorCode
+</ins></code></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.loading-remote-context-failed"><ins class="diff-chg">
+loading
+remote
+context
+failed
+</ins></a></code>.</dd><dt id="widl-ContextLoadedCallback-url"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+url
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+type
+</ins><span class="idlMemberType"><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+DOMString
+</ins></a></span></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+final
+URL
+of
+the
+loaded
+JSON-LD
+context.
+This
+is
+important
+to
+handle
+HTTP
+redirects
+properly.
+</ins></dd><dt id="widl-ContextLoadedCallback-context"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+context
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+type
+</ins><span class="idlMemberType"><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+DOMString
+</ins></a></span></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+raw
+content
+of
+the
+retrieved
+JSON-LD
+context.
+</ins></dd></dl></section></section></section><section id="data-structures"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+11.3
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Data
+Structures
+</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+This
+section
+describes
+datatype
+definitions
+used
+within
+the
+JSON-LD
+API.
+</ins></p><section><h4 id="jsonldoptions"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JsonLdOptions
+</ins></h4><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+</ins><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdOptions" class="idlType"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+JsonLdOptions
+</ins></code></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+is
+used
+to
+pass
+various
+options
+to
+the
+</ins><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdProcessor" class="idlType"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+JsonLdProcessor
+</ins></code></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+methods.
+</ins></p> <pre class="idl"><span class="idlDictionary" id="idl-def-JsonLdOptions">dictionary <span class="idlDictionaryID">JsonLdOptions</span> {<span class="idlMember"> <span class="idlMemberType"><a>DOMString</a></span> <span class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-base">base</a></span>;</span><span class="idlMember"> <span class="idlMemberType"><a>boolean</a></span> <span class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-compactArrays">compactArrays</a></span> = <span class="idlMemberValue">true</span>;</span><span class="idlMember"> <span class="idlMemberType"><a href="#idl-def-LoadContextCallback" class="idlType"><code>LoadContextCallback</code></a></span> <span class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-loadContext">loadContext</a></span>;</span><span class="idlMember"> <span class="idlMemberType"><a>object or DOMString</a></span> <span class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-expandContext">expandContext</a></span> = <span class="idlMemberValue">null</span>;</span><span class="idlMember"> <span class="idlMemberType"><a>DOMString</a></span> <span class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-processingMode">processingMode</a></span> = <span class="idlMemberValue">"json-ld-1.0"</span>;</span><ins class="diff-chg">
+};
+</ins></span></pre><section><h5 id="dictionary-jsonldoptions-members"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Dictionary
+</ins><a class="idlType" href="#idl-def-JsonLdOptions"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+JsonLdOptions
+</ins></code></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+Members
+</ins></h5><dl class="dictionary-members"><dt id="widl-JsonLdOptions-base"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+base
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+type
+</ins><span class="idlMemberType"><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+DOMString
+</ins></a></span></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+Base
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+use
+when
+expanding
+or
+compacting
+the
+document.
+This
+overrides
+the
+value
+of
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+input
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+if
+it
+is
+a
+</ins><a><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+not
+specified
+and
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+input
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+not
+an
+</ins><a><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+base
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+defaults
+to
+the
+current
+document
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+if
+in
+a
+browser
+context,
+or
+the
+empty
+string
+if
+there
+is
+no
+document
+context.
+</ins>
+<div class="issue">
+<div class="issue-title">
+<a href="https://github.com/json-ld/json-ld.org/issues/223">
+<span>
+Issue
+<del class="diff-old">8
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">223
+</ins>
+</span>
+</a>:
+<ins class="diff-new">Feature
+at
+risk
+</ins>
+</div>
+<del class="diff-old">It
+</del>
+<p class="atrisk">
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+default
+value
+of
+this
+option
+implies
+that
+all
+IRIs
+that
+cannot
+be
+compacted
+otherwise
+are
+transformed
+to
+relative
+IRIs
+during
+compaction.
+To
+avoid
+that
+data
+</ins>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">still
+</del>
+being
+<del class="diff-old">discussed
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">lost,
+developers
+thus
+have
+to
+store
+the
+base
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+along
+with
+the
+compacted
+document.
+This
+might
+be
+problematic
+in
+practice
+and
+thus
+the
+default
+behavior
+might
+be
+changed
+in
+future.
+Furthermore,
+the
+relationship
+of
+this
+option
+to
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@base
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword
+(which
+is
+at
+risk)
+should
+be
+further
+investigated.
+</ins></p></div></dd><dt id="widl-JsonLdOptions-compactArrays"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+compactArrays
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+type
+</ins><span class="idlMemberType"><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+boolean
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">whether
+</del>
+</span>,
+<ins class="diff-chg">defaulting
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+set
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+</ins>
+JSON-LD
+<del class="diff-old">has
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">processor
+replaces
+arrays
+with
+just
+one
+element
+with
+that
+element
+during
+compaction.
+If
+set
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+false
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+all
+arrays
+will
+remain
+arrays
+even
+if
+they
+have
+just
+one
+element.
+</ins></dd><dt id="widl-JsonLdOptions-expandContext"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+expandContext
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+type
+</ins><span class="idlMemberType"><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+object
+or
+DOMString
+</ins></a></span>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+defaulting
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+context
+that
+is
+used
+to
+initialize
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">notion
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">active
+context
+when
+expanding
+a
+document.
+</ins></dd><dt id="widl-JsonLdOptions-loadContext"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+loadContext
+</ins></code>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">an
+initial
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">type
+</ins><span class="idlMemberType"><a href="#idl-def-LoadContextCallback" class="idlType"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+LoadContextCallback
+</ins></code></a></span></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+callback
+of
+the
+</ins>
+context
+<del class="diff-old">or
+not.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">loader
+to
+be
+used
+to
+retrieve
+remote
+contexts.
+</ins>
+If
+<del class="diff-old">JSON-LD
+has
+an
+initial
+context,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">specified,
+</ins>
+it
+<del class="diff-old">must
+</del>
+<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">
+<ins class="diff-chg">MUST
+</ins>
+</em>
+be
+<del class="diff-old">specified
+external
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">used
+</ins>
+to
+<ins class="diff-new">retrieve
+remote
+contexts;
+otherwise,
+if
+not
+specified,
+the
+processor's
+built-in
+context
+loader
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="MUST"><ins class="diff-new">
+MUST
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+be
+used.
+</ins></dd><dt id="widl-JsonLdOptions-processingMode"><code><ins class="diff-new">
+processingMode
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+of
+type
+</ins><span class="idlMemberType"><a><ins class="diff-new">
+DOMString
+</ins></a></span>,<ins class="diff-new">
+defaulting
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+"json-ld-1.0"
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+set
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+json-ld-1.0
+</ins></code>,
+the
+JSON-LD
+<del class="diff-old">Syntax
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Processor
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="MUST"><ins class="diff-chg">
+MUST
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+produce
+exactly
+the
+same
+results
+as
+the
+algorithms
+defined
+in
+this
+specification.
+If
+set
+to
+another
+value,
+the
+JSON-LD
+Processor
+is
+allowed
+to
+extend
+or
+modify
+the
+algorithms
+defined
+in
+this
+</ins>
+specification
+<del class="diff-old">at
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">to
+enable
+application-specific
+optimizations.
+The
+definition
+of
+such
+optimizations
+is
+beyond
+the
+scope
+of
+this
+specification
+and
+thus
+not
+defined.
+Consequently,
+different
+implementations
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="MAY"><ins class="diff-chg">
+MAY
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+implement
+different
+optimizations.
+Developers
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="MUST NOT"><ins class="diff-chg">
+MUST
+NOT
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+define
+modes
+beginning
+with
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+json-ld
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+as
+they
+are
+reserved
+for
+future
+versions
+of
+this
+specification.
+</ins></dd></dl></section></section><section><h4 id="jsonlderror"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JsonLdError
+</ins></h4><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+</ins><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdError" class="idlType"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+JsonLdError
+</ins></code></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+type
+is
+used
+to
+report
+processing
+errors
+to
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">well-known
+location.
+</del>
+<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdCallback" class="idlType">
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">JsonLdCallback
+</ins></code></a>.
+</p>
+ <pre class="idl"><span class="idlDictionary" id="idl-def-JsonLdError">dictionary <span class="idlDictionaryID">JsonLdError</span> {
+<span class="idlMember"> <span class="idlMemberType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdErrorCode</code></a></span> <span class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdError-code">code</a></span>;</span>
+<span class="idlMember"> <span class="idlMemberType"><a>DOMString</a>?</span> <span class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdError-message">message</a></span>;</span>
+<ins class="diff-new">};
+</ins></span>
+</pre>
+<section>
+<h5 id="dictionary-jsonlderror-members">
+<ins class="diff-chg">Dictionary
+</ins><a class="idlType" href="#idl-def-JsonLdError"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+JsonLdError
+</ins></code></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+Members
+</ins></h5><dl class="dictionary-members"><dt id="widl-JsonLdError-code"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+code
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+type
+</ins><span class="idlMemberType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode" class="idlType"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+JsonLdErrorCode
+</ins></code></a></span></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+a
+string
+representing
+the
+particular
+error
+type,
+as
+described
+in
+the
+various
+algorithms
+in
+this
+document.
+</ins></dd><dt id="widl-JsonLdError-message"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+message
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+type
+</ins><span class="idlMemberType"><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+DOMString
+</ins></a></span>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+nullable
+</ins></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+an
+optional
+error
+message
+containing
+additional
+debugging
+information.
+The
+specific
+contents
+of
+error
+messages
+are
+outside
+the
+scope
+of
+this
+specification.
+</ins></dd></dl></section></section><section><h4 id="jsonlderrorcode"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JsonLdErrorCode
+</ins></h4><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+</ins><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode" class="idlType"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+JsonLdErrorCode
+</ins></code></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+represents
+the
+collection
+of
+valid
+JSON-LD
+error
+codes.
+</ins></p> <pre class="idl"><span class="idlEnum" id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode">enum <span class="idlEnumID">JsonLdErrorCode</span> {<ins class="diff-chg">
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-syntax" class="idlEnumItem">invalid syntax</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.list-of-lists-detected" class="idlEnumItem">list of lists detected</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--index-value" class="idlEnumItem">invalid @index value</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.conflicting-indexes" class="idlEnumItem">conflicting indexes</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--id-value" class="idlEnumItem">invalid @id value</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-local-context" class="idlEnumItem">invalid local context</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.loading-remote-context-failed" class="idlEnumItem">loading remote context failed</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-remote-context" class="idlEnumItem">invalid remote context</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.recursive-context-inclusion" class="idlEnumItem">recursive context inclusion</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-base-IRI" class="idlEnumItem">invalid base IRI</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-vocab-mapping" class="idlEnumItem">invalid vocab mapping</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-default-language" class="idlEnumItem">invalid default language</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.keyword-redefinition" class="idlEnumItem">keyword redefinition</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-term-definition" class="idlEnumItem">invalid term definition</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-reverse-property" class="idlEnumItem">invalid reverse property</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-IRI-mapping" class="idlEnumItem">invalid IRI mapping</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.cyclic-IRI-mapping" class="idlEnumItem">cyclic IRI mapping</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-keyword-alias" class="idlEnumItem">invalid keyword alias</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-type-mapping" class="idlEnumItem">invalid type mapping</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-mapping" class="idlEnumItem">invalid language mapping</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.colliding-keywords" class="idlEnumItem">colliding keywords</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-container-mapping" class="idlEnumItem">invalid container mapping</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-type-value" class="idlEnumItem">invalid type value</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-value-object" class="idlEnumItem">invalid value object</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-value-object-value" class="idlEnumItem">invalid value object value</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-tagged-string" class="idlEnumItem">invalid language-tagged string</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-tagged-value" class="idlEnumItem">invalid language-tagged value</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-typed-value" class="idlEnumItem">invalid typed value</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-map-value" class="idlEnumItem">invalid language map value</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.compaction-to-list-of-lists" class="idlEnumItem">compaction to list of lists</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-reverse-property-map" class="idlEnumItem">invalid reverse property map</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--reverse-value" class="idlEnumItem">invalid @reverse value</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-reverse-property-value" class="idlEnumItem">invalid reverse property value</a>"
+};
+</ins></span></pre><table class="simple"><tr><th colspan="2"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Enumeration
+description
+</ins></th></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-syntax"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+syntax
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+document
+could
+not
+be
+parsed
+as
+JSON.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.list-of-lists-detected"><ins class="diff-chg">
+list
+of
+lists
+detected
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+list
+of
+lists
+was
+detected.
+List
+of
+lists
+are
+not
+supported
+in
+this
+version
+of
+JSON-LD
+due
+to
+the
+algorithmic
+complexity
+associated
+with
+conversion
+to
+RDF.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--index-value"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+@index
+value
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@index
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+was
+encountered
+whose
+value
+was
+not
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-chg">
+string
+</ins></a>.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.conflicting-indexes"><ins class="diff-chg">
+conflicting
+indexes
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+Multiple
+conflicting
+indexes
+have
+been
+found
+for
+the
+same
+node.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--id-value"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+@id
+value
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@id
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+was
+encountered
+whose
+value
+was
+not
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-chg">
+string
+</ins></a>.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-local-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+local
+context
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+In
+invalid
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+was
+detected.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.loading-remote-context-failed"><ins class="diff-chg">
+loading
+remote
+context
+failed
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+There
+was
+a
+problem
+encountered
+loading
+a
+remote
+context.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-remote-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+remote
+context
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+No
+valid
+context
+document
+has
+been
+found
+for
+a
+referenced,
+remote
+context.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.recursive-context-inclusion"><ins class="diff-chg">
+recursive
+context
+inclusion
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+cycle
+in
+remote
+context
+inclusions
+has
+been
+detected.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-base-IRI"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+base
+IRI
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+invalid
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+base
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+been
+detected,
+i.e.,
+it
+is
+neither
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+absolute
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+nor
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-vocab-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+vocab
+mapping
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+invalid
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+vocabulary
+mapping
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+been
+detected,
+i.e.,
+it
+is
+neither
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+absolute
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+nor
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-default-language"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+default
+language
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+value
+of
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language"><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+language
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+not
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-chg">
+string
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+thus
+invalid.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.keyword-redefinition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword
+redefinition
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword"><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+redefinition
+has
+been
+detected.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+term
+definition
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+invalid
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+been
+detected.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-reverse-property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+reverse
+property
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+invalid
+reverse
+property
+definition
+has
+been
+detected.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-IRI-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+IRI
+mapping
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+contains
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+that
+has
+an
+invalid
+or
+missing
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+mapping
+</ins></a>.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.cyclic-IRI-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+cyclic
+IRI
+mapping
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+cycle
+in
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+mappings
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+been
+detected.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-keyword-alias"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+keyword
+alias
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+invalid
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword"><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+alias
+definition
+has
+been
+encountered.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-type-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+type
+mapping
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@type
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+in
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+was
+encountered
+whose
+value
+could
+not
+be
+expanded
+to
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
+absolute
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></a>.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+language
+mapping
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@language
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+in
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
+definition
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+was
+encountered
+whose
+value
+was
+neither
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-chg">
+string
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+nor
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+thus
+invalid.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.colliding-keywords"><ins class="diff-chg">
+colliding
+keywords
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+Two
+properties
+which
+expand
+to
+the
+same
+keyword
+have
+been
+detected.
+This
+might
+occur
+if
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword"><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+an
+an
+alias
+thereof
+are
+used
+at
+the
+same
+time.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-container-mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+container
+mapping
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@container
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+was
+encountered
+whose
+value
+was
+not
+one
+of
+the
+following
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-chg">
+strings
+</ins></a>:<code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@list
+</ins></code>,<code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@set
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@index
+</ins></code>.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-type-value"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+type
+value
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+invalid
+value
+for
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@type
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+has
+been
+detected,
+i.e.,
+the
+value
+was
+neither
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-chg">
+string
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+nor
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-chg">
+strings
+</ins></a>.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-value-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+value
+object
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+with
+disallowed
+members
+has
+been
+detected.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-value-object-value"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+value
+object
+value
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+invalid
+value
+for
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@value
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+of
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+been
+detected,
+i.e.,
+it
+is
+neither
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="scalar" href="#dfn-scalar"><ins class="diff-chg">
+scalar
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+nor
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></a>.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-tagged-string"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+language-tagged
+string
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-tagged-string" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-language-tagged-string"><ins class="diff-chg">
+language-tagged
+string
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+with
+an
+invalid
+language
+value
+was
+detected.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-tagged-value"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+language-tagged
+value
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number"><ins class="diff-chg">
+number
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true"><ins class="diff-chg">
+true
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false"><ins class="diff-chg">
+false
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+with
+an
+associated
+language
+tag
+was
+detected.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-typed-value"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+typed
+value
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed-value" href="#dfn-typed-value"><ins class="diff-chg">
+typed
+value
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+with
+an
+invalid
+type
+was
+detected.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-map-value"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+language
+map
+value
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+invalid
+value
+in
+a
+</ins><a class="tref externalDFN" title="language-map" href="../json-ld-syntax/#dfn-language-map"><ins class="diff-chg">
+language
+map
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+has
+been
+detected.
+It
+has
+to
+be
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-chg">
+string
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+an
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+array
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+of
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string"><ins class="diff-chg">
+strings
+</ins></a>.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.compaction-to-list-of-lists"><ins class="diff-chg">
+compaction
+to
+list
+of
+lists
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+compacted
+document
+contains
+a
+list
+of
+lists
+as
+multiple
+lists
+have
+been
+compacted
+to
+the
+same
+term.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-reverse-property-map"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+reverse
+property
+map
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+invalid
+reverse
+property
+map
+has
+been
+detected.
+No
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword"><ins class="diff-chg">
+keywords
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+apart
+from
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@context
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+are
+allowed
+in
+reverse
+property
+maps.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--reverse-value"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+@reverse
+value
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+invalid
+value
+for
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@reverse
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+member
+has
+been
+detected,
+i.e.,
+the
+value
+was
+not
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a>.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-reverse-property-value"><ins class="diff-chg">
+invalid
+reverse
+property
+value
+</ins></code></td><td><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+invalid
+value
+for
+a
+reverse
+property
+has
+been
+detected.
+The
+value
+of
+an
+inverse
+property
+must
+be
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+node
+object
+</ins></a>.</td></tr></table></section></section></section><section class="appendix informative" id="acknowledgements">
+<h2>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">B.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">A.
+</ins>
+</span>
+Acknowledgements
+</h2>
+<p>
+<em>
+<ins class="diff-new">This
+section
+is
+non-normative.
+</ins></em></p><p><ins class="diff-new">
+A
+large
+amount
+of
+thanks
+goes
+out
+to
+the
+JSON-LD
+Community
+Group
+participants
+who
+worked
+through
+many
+of
+the
+technical
+issues
+on
+the
+mailing
+list
+and
+the
+weekly
+telecons
+-
+of
+special
+mention
+are
+Niklas
+Lindström,
+François
+Daoust,
+Lin
+Clark,
+and
+Zdenko
+'Denny'
+Vrandečić.
+</ins>
+The
+editors
+would
+like
+to
+thank
+Mark
+Birbeck,
+who
+provided
+a
+great
+deal
+of
+the
+initial
+push
+behind
+the
+JSON-LD
+work
+via
+his
+work
+on
+<del class="diff-old">RDFj,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">RDFj.
+The
+work
+of
+</ins>
+Dave
+Lehn
+and
+Mike
+Johnson
+<del class="diff-old">who
+reviewed,
+provided
+feedback,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">are
+appreciated
+for
+reviewing,
+</ins>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">performed
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">performing
+</ins>
+several
+implementations
+of
+the
+<del class="diff-old">specification,
+and
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">specification.
+</ins>
+Ian
+<del class="diff-old">Davis,
+who
+created
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Davis
+is
+thanked
+for
+his
+work
+on
+</ins>
+RDF/JSON.
+Thanks
+also
+to
+Nathan
+Rixham,
+Bradley
+P.
+Allen,
+Kingsley
+Idehen,
+Glenn
+McDonald,
+Alexandre
+Passant,
+Danny
+Ayers,
+Ted
+Thibodeau
+Jr.,
+Olivier
+Grisel,
+Josh
+Mandel,
+Eric
+Prud'hommeaux,
+David
+Wood,
+Guus
+Schreiber,
+Pat
+Hayes,
+Sandro
+Hawke,
+and
+Richard
+Cyganiak
+<del class="diff-old">for
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">or
+</ins>
+their
+input
+on
+the
+specification.
+</p>
+</section>
+<section id="references" class="appendix" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#references" rel="bibo:chapter">
+<h2>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">C.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">B.
+</ins>
+</span>
+References
+</h2>
+<section id="normative-references" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#normative-references" rel="bibo:chapter">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">C.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">B.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+Normative
+references
+</h3>
+<del class="diff-old">[BCP47]
+A.
+Phillips;
+M.
+Davis.
+Tags
+for
+Identifying
+Languages
+September
+2009.
+IETF
+Best
+Current
+Practice.
+URL:
+http://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47
+</del>
+<dl class="bibliography" about="">
+<dt id="bib-IEEE-754-1985">
+[IEEE-754-1985]
+</dt>
+<dd rel="dcterms:requires">
+IEEE.
+<cite>
+IEEE
+Standard
+for
+Binary
+Floating-Point
+Arithmetic.
+</cite>
+<del class="diff-old">See
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">URL:
+</ins>
+<a href="http://standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/std_public/description/busarch/754-1985_desc.html">
+http://standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/std_public/description/busarch/754-1985_desc.html
+</a>
+</dd>
+<dt id="bib-JSON-LD">
+[JSON-LD]
+</dt>
+<del class="diff-old">The
+JSON-LD
+Syntax
+</del>
+<dd rel="dcterms:requires">
+Manu
+Sporny,
+Gregg
+Kellogg,
+Markus
+<del class="diff-old">Lanthaler
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Lanthaler,
+</ins>
+Editors.
+<del class="diff-old">World
+Wide
+Web
+Consortium
+</del>
+<cite>
+<a href="http://json-ld.org/spec/latest/json-ld-syntax/">
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+1.0
+</ins></a>.</cite><ins class="diff-chg">
+W3C
+Editor's
+Draft
+</ins>
+(work
+in
+progress).
+<del class="diff-old">22
+May
+2012.
+Editor's
+Draft.
+This
+edition
+of
+the
+JSON-LD
+Syntax
+specification
+is
+http://json-ld.org/spec/ED/json-ld-syntax/20120522/.
+The
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">URL:
+</ins>
+<a href="http://json-ld.org/spec/latest/json-ld-syntax/">
+<del class="diff-old">latest
+edition
+of
+the
+JSON-LD
+Syntax
+is
+available
+at
+</del>
+http://json-ld.org/spec/latest/json-ld-syntax/
+<del class="diff-old">[JSON-POINTER]
+JSON
+Pointer
+P.
+Bryan,
+Ed.
+IETF
+Draft.
+URL:
+http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-appsawg-json-pointer-02
+</del>
+</a>
+</dd>
+<del class="diff-old">[RDF-CONCEPTS]
+</del>
+<dt id="bib-RDF-MT">
+<ins class="diff-chg">[RDF-MT]
+</ins>
+</dt>
+<dd rel="dcterms:requires">
+<ins class="diff-chg">Patrick
+Hayes.
+</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-mt-20040210">
+<cite>
+RDF
+<del class="diff-old">1.1
+Concepts
+and
+Abstract
+Syntax
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Semantics
+</ins>
+</cite>
+<del class="diff-old">Richard
+Cyganiak,
+David
+Wood,
+Editors.
+World
+Wide
+Web
+Consortium
+(work
+in
+progress).
+30
+May
+2012.
+Editor's
+Draft.
+This
+edition
+of
+the
+JSON-LD
+Syntax
+specification
+is
+http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-rdf11-concepts-20110830/.
+The
+latest
+edition
+of
+the
+JSON-LD
+Syntax
+</del>
+</a>.
+<ins class="diff-chg">10
+February
+2004.
+W3C
+Recommendation.
+URL:
+</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-mt-20040210"><ins class="diff-chg">
+http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-mt-20040210
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">is
+available
+at
+http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/
+</del>
+</dd>
+<del class="diff-old">[RDF-SCHEMA]
+</del>
+<dt id="bib-RFC2119">
+<ins class="diff-chg">[RFC2119]
+</ins>
+</dt>
+<del class="diff-old">Dan
+Brickley;
+Ramanathan
+V.
+Guha.
+</del>
+<dd rel="dcterms:requires">
+<ins class="diff-chg">S.
+Bradner.
+</ins><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">
+<cite>
+<del class="diff-old">RDF
+Vocabulary
+Description
+Language
+1.0:
+RDF
+Schema.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Key
+words
+for
+use
+in
+RFCs
+to
+Indicate
+Requirement
+Levels.
+</ins>
+</cite>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">10
+February
+2004.
+W3C
+Recommendation.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">March
+1997.
+Internet
+RFC
+2119.
+</ins>
+URL:
+<del class="diff-old">http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-schema-20040210
+</del>
+<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">
+<ins class="diff-chg">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt
+</ins>
+</a>
+</dd>
+<dt id="bib-RFC3986">
+[RFC3986]
+</dt>
+<dd rel="dcterms:requires">
+T.
+Berners-Lee;
+R.
+Fielding;
+L.
+Masinter.
+<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">
+<cite>
+Uniform
+Resource
+Identifier
+(URI):
+Generic
+<del class="diff-old">Syntax.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Syntax
+</ins>
+</cite>
+</a>.
+January
+2005.
+<del class="diff-old">Internet
+</del>
+RFC
+3986.
+URL:
+<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">
+http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt
+</a>
+</dd>
+<dt id="bib-RFC3987">
+[RFC3987]
+</dt>
+<dd rel="dcterms:requires">
+M.
+Dürst;
+M.
+Suignard.
+<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt">
+<cite>
+Internationalized
+Resource
+Identifiers
+<del class="diff-old">(IRIs).
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">(IRIs)
+</ins>
+</cite>
+</a>.
+January
+2005.
+<del class="diff-old">Internet
+</del>
+RFC
+3987.
+URL:
+<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt">
+http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt
+</a>
+</dd>
+<dt id="bib-RFC4627">
+[RFC4627]
+</dt>
+<dd rel="dcterms:requires">
+D.
+Crockford.
+<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt">
+<cite>
+The
+application/json
+Media
+Type
+for
+JavaScript
+Object
+Notation
+(JSON)
+</cite>
+</a>.
+July
+2006.
+<del class="diff-old">Internet
+</del>
+RFC
+4627.
+URL:
+<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt">
+http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt
+</a>
+</dd>
+<dt id="bib-WEBIDL">
+[WEBIDL]
+</dt>
+<dd rel="dcterms:requires">
+<ins class="diff-chg">Cameron
+McCormack,
+Editor.
+</ins>
+<cite>
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-WebIDL-20120419/">
+Web
+<del class="diff-old">IDL
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">IDL.
+</ins>
+</a>
+</cite>
+<del class="diff-old">Cameron
+McCormack,
+Editor.
+World
+Wide
+Web
+Consortium.
+</del>
+19
+April
+2012.
+<ins class="diff-new">W3C
+</ins>
+Candidate
+<del class="diff-old">Recommendataion.
+This
+edition
+of
+Web
+IDL
+is
+http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-WebIDL-20120419/.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Recommendation
+(work
+in
+progress).
+URL:
+</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-WebIDL-20120419/"><ins class="diff-chg">
+http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-WebIDL-20120419/
+</ins></a>.
+The
+latest
+edition
+<del class="diff-old">of
+Web
+IDL
+</del>
+is
+available
+at
+<del class="diff-old">http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/WebIDL/
+</del>
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/WebIDL/">
+<ins class="diff-chg">http://www.w3.org/TR/WebIDL/
+</ins></a>
+</dd>
+<dt id="bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">
+[XMLSCHEMA11-2]
+</dt>
+<dd rel="dcterms:requires">
+Henry
+S.
+<del class="diff-old">Thompson;
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Thompson
+</ins>
+et
+al.
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/">
+<cite>
+W3C
+XML
+Schema
+Definition
+Language
+(XSD)
+1.1
+Part
+2:
+<del class="diff-old">Datatypes.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Datatypes
+</ins>
+</cite>
+</a>.
+5
+April
+2012.
+W3C
+<del class="diff-old">Recommendation
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Recommendation.
+</ins>
+URL:
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/">
+http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/
+</a>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</section>
+<section id="informative-references" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#informative-references" rel="bibo:chapter">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">C.2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">B.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+Informative
+references
+</h3>
+<dl class="bibliography" about="">
+<dt id="bib-BCP47">
+<ins class="diff-chg">[BCP47]
+</ins></dt><dd rel="dcterms:references"><ins class="diff-chg">
+A.
+Phillips;
+M.
+Davis.
+</ins><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47"><cite><ins class="diff-chg">
+Tags
+for
+Identifying
+Languages
+</ins></cite></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+September
+2009.
+IETF
+Best
+Current
+Practice.
+URL:
+</ins><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47"><ins class="diff-chg">
+http://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47
+</ins></a></dd>
+<dt id="bib-ECMA-262">
+[ECMA-262]
+</dt>
+<dd rel="dcterms:references">
+<a href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm">
+<cite>
+ECMAScript
+Language
+Specification.
+</cite>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">December
+1999.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">June
+2011.
+</ins>
+URL:
+<a href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm">
+http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm
+</a>
+</dd>
+<del class="diff-old">[TURTLE-TR]
+</del>
+<dt id="bib-JSON-LD-TESTS">
+<ins class="diff-chg">[JSON-LD-TESTS]
+</ins>
+</dt>
+<del class="diff-old">Eric
+Prud'hommeaux,
+Gavin
+Carothers.
+</del>
+<dd rel="dcterms:references">
+<cite>
+<del class="diff-old">Turtle:
+Terse
+</del>
+<a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/json-ld/raw-file/default/test-suite/">
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+Test
+Suite
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
+(work
+in
+progress).
+</ins></dd><dt id="bib-RDF11-CONCEPTS"><ins class="diff-chg">
+[RDF11-CONCEPTS]
+</ins></dt><dd rel="dcterms:references"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Richard
+Cyganiak,
+David
+Wood,
+Editors.
+</ins><cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-rdf11-concepts-20130115/">
+RDF
+<del class="diff-old">Triple
+Language.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">1.1
+Concepts
+and
+Abstract
+Syntax.
+</ins>
+</a>
+</cite>
+<del class="diff-old">09
+August
+2011.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">15
+January
+2013.
+</ins>
+W3C
+Working
+<del class="diff-old">Draft.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Draft
+(work
+in
+progress).
+</ins>
+URL:
+<del class="diff-old">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-turtle-20110809/
+</del>
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-rdf11-concepts-20130115/">
+<ins class="diff-chg">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-rdf11-concepts-20130115/
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+latest
+edition
+is
+available
+at
+</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/"><ins class="diff-chg">
+http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/
+</ins>
+</a>
+</dd>
+<del class="diff-old">[UNICODE]
+</del>
+<dt id="bib-TURTLE">
+<ins class="diff-chg">[TURTLE]
+</ins>
+</dt>
+<del class="diff-old">The
+Unicode
+Consortium.
+</del>
+<dd rel="dcterms:references">
+<ins class="diff-chg">Eric
+Prud'hommeaux,
+Gavin
+Carothers,
+Editors.
+</ins>
+<cite>
+<del class="diff-old">The
+Unicode
+Standard.
+</del>
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-turtle-20130219/">
+<ins class="diff-new">Turtle:
+Terse
+RDF
+Triple
+Language.
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">2003.
+Defined
+by:
+The
+Unicode
+Standard,
+Version
+4.0
+(Boston,
+MA,
+Addison-Wesley,
+ISBN
+0-321-18578-1),
+as
+updated
+from
+time
+to
+time
+by
+the
+publication
+of
+new
+versions
+</del>
+</cite>
+<ins class="diff-chg">19
+February
+2013.
+W3C
+Candidate
+Recommendation
+(work
+in
+progress).
+</ins>
+URL:
+<del class="diff-old">http://www.unicode.org/unicode/standard/versions/enumeratedversions.html
+</del>
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-turtle-20130219/">
+<ins class="diff-chg">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-turtle-20130219/
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+latest
+edition
+is
+available
+at
+</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/"><ins class="diff-chg">
+http://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/
+</ins>
+</a>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</section>
+</section>
+</body>
+</html>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/spec/WD/json-ld-api/20130404/index.html Wed Mar 27 10:45:36 2013 -0400
@@ -0,0 +1,4352 @@
+<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML+RDFa 1.1//EN' 'http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/xhtml-rdfa-2.dtd'>
+<html dir="ltr" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" prefix='bibo: http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/' typeof="bibo:Document">
+<head>
+<title>JSON-LD 1.0 Processing Algorithms and API</title>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
+
+
+
+<style type="text/css">
+ .diff {
+ font-weight:bold; color:#0a3;
+ }
+ .error a {
+ color: #ff4500;
+ border-bottom: 1px dotted #ff4500;
+ text-decoration: none;
+ }
+</style>
+<style>/*****************************************************************
+ * ReSpec 3 CSS
+ * Robin Berjon - http://berjon.com/
+ *****************************************************************/
+
+/* --- INLINES --- */
+em.rfc2119 {
+ text-transform: lowercase;
+ font-variant: small-caps;
+ font-style: normal;
+ color: #900;
+}
+
+h1 acronym, h2 acronym, h3 acronym, h4 acronym, h5 acronym, h6 acronym, a acronym,
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+ border: none;
+}
+
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+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+a.internalDFN {
+ color: inherit;
+ border-bottom: 1px solid #99c;
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+a.externalDFN {
+ color: inherit;
+ border-bottom: 1px dotted #ccc;
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+
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+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+cite .bibref {
+ font-style: normal;
+}
+
+code {
+ color: #ff4500;
+}
+
+
+/* --- --- */
+ol.algorithm { counter-reset:numsection; list-style-type: none; }
+ol.algorithm li { margin: 0.5em 0; }
+ol.algorithm li:before { font-weight: bold; counter-increment: numsection; content: counters(numsection, ".") ") "; }
+
+/* --- TOC --- */
+.toc a, .tof a {
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+a .secno, a .figno {
+ color: #000;
+}
+
+ul.tof, ol.tof {
+ list-style: none outside none;
+}
+
+.caption {
+ margin-top: 0.5em;
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+
+/* --- TABLE --- */
+table.simple {
+ border-spacing: 0;
+ border-collapse: collapse;
+ border-bottom: 3px solid #005a9c;
+}
+
+.simple th {
+ background: #005a9c;
+ color: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 5px;
+ text-align: left;
+}
+
+.simple th[scope="row"] {
+ background: inherit;
+ color: inherit;
+ border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
+}
+
+.simple td {
+ padding: 3px 10px;
+ border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
+}
+
+.simple tr:nth-child(even) {
+ background: #f0f6ff;
+}
+
+/* --- DL --- */
+.section dd > p:first-child {
+ margin-top: 0;
+}
+
+.section dd > p:last-child {
+ margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+.section dd {
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+}
+
+.section dl.attrs dd, .section dl.eldef dd {
+ margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+</style><style>/* --- EXAMPLES --- */
+div.example-title {
+ min-width: 7.5em;
+ color: #b9ab2d;
+}
+div.example-title span {
+ text-transform: uppercase;
+}
+aside.example, div.example, div.illegal-example {
+ padding: 0.5em;
+ margin: 1em 0;
+ position: relative;
+ clear: both;
+}
+div.illegal-example { color: red }
+div.illegal-example p { color: black }
+aside.example, div.example {
+ padding: .5em;
+ border-left-width: .5em;
+ border-left-style: solid;
+ border-color: #e0cb52;
+ background: #fcfaee;
+}
+
+aside.example div.example {
+ border-left-width: .1em;
+ border-color: #999;
+ background: #fff;
+}
+aside.example div.example div.example-title {
+ color: #999;
+}
+</style><style>/* --- ISSUES/NOTES --- */
+div.issue-title, div.note-title {
+ padding-right: 1em;
+ min-width: 7.5em;
+ color: #b9ab2d;
+}
+div.issue-title { color: #e05252; }
+div.note-title { color: #52e052; }
+div.issue-title span, div.note-title span {
+ text-transform: uppercase;
+}
+div.note, div.issue {
+ margin-top: 1em;
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+}
+.note > p:first-child, .issue > p:first-child { margin-top: 0 }
+.issue, .note {
+ padding: .5em;
+ border-left-width: .5em;
+ border-left-style: solid;
+}
+div.issue, div.note {
+ padding: 0.5em;
+ margin: 1em 0;
+ position: relative;
+ clear: both;
+}
+span.note, span.issue { padding: .1em .5em .15em; }
+
+.issue {
+ border-color: #e05252;
+ background: #fbe9e9;
+}
+.note {
+ border-color: #52e052;
+ background: #e9fbe9;
+}
+
+
+</style><style>/* --- WEB IDL --- */
+pre.idl {
+ border-top: 1px solid #90b8de;
+ border-bottom: 1px solid #90b8de;
+ padding: 1em;
+ line-height: 120%;
+}
+
+pre.idl::before {
+ content: "WebIDL";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ background: #90b8de;
+ color: #fff;
+ font-family: initial;
+ padding: 3px;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ margin: -1em 0 1em -1em;
+}
+
+.idlType {
+ color: #ff4500;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/*.idlModule*/
+/*.idlModuleID*/
+/*.idlInterface*/
+.idlInterfaceID, .idlDictionaryID, .idlCallbackID, .idlEnumID {
+ font-weight: bold;
+ color: #005a9c;
+}
+a.idlEnumItem {
+ color: #000;
+ border-bottom: 1px dotted #ccc;
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+.idlSuperclass {
+ font-style: italic;
+ color: #005a9c;
+}
+
+/*.idlAttribute*/
+.idlAttrType, .idlFieldType, .idlMemberType {
+ color: #005a9c;
+}
+.idlAttrName, .idlFieldName, .idlMemberName {
+ color: #ff4500;
+}
+.idlAttrName a, .idlFieldName a, .idlMemberName a {
+ color: #ff4500;
+ border-bottom: 1px dotted #ff4500;
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/*.idlMethod*/
+.idlMethType, .idlCallbackType {
+ color: #005a9c;
+}
+.idlMethName {
+ color: #ff4500;
+}
+.idlMethName a {
+ color: #ff4500;
+ border-bottom: 1px dotted #ff4500;
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/*.idlParam*/
+.idlParamType {
+ color: #005a9c;
+}
+.idlParamName, .idlDefaultValue {
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+
+.extAttr {
+ color: #666;
+}
+
+/*.idlConst*/
+.idlConstType {
+ color: #005a9c;
+}
+.idlConstName {
+ color: #ff4500;
+}
+.idlConstName a {
+ color: #ff4500;
+ border-bottom: 1px dotted #ff4500;
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/*.idlException*/
+.idlExceptionID {
+ font-weight: bold;
+ color: #c00;
+}
+
+.idlTypedefID, .idlTypedefType {
+ color: #005a9c;
+}
+
+.idlRaises, .idlRaises a.idlType, .idlRaises a.idlType code, .excName a, .excName a code {
+ color: #c00;
+ font-weight: normal;
+}
+
+.excName a {
+ font-family: monospace;
+}
+
+.idlRaises a.idlType, .excName a.idlType {
+ border-bottom: 1px dotted #c00;
+}
+
+.excGetSetTrue, .excGetSetFalse, .prmNullTrue, .prmNullFalse, .prmOptTrue, .prmOptFalse {
+ width: 45px;
+ text-align: center;
+}
+.excGetSetTrue, .prmNullTrue, .prmOptTrue { color: #0c0; }
+.excGetSetFalse, .prmNullFalse, .prmOptFalse { color: #c00; }
+
+.idlImplements a {
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+dl.attributes, dl.methods, dl.constants, dl.fields, dl.dictionary-members {
+ margin-left: 2em;
+}
+
+.attributes dt, .methods dt, .constants dt, .fields dt, .dictionary-members dt {
+ font-weight: normal;
+}
+
+.attributes dt code, .methods dt code, .constants dt code, .fields dt code, .dictionary-members dt code {
+ font-weight: bold;
+ color: #000;
+ font-family: monospace;
+}
+
+.attributes dt code, .fields dt code, .dictionary-members dt code {
+ background: #ffffd2;
+}
+
+.attributes dt .idlAttrType code, .fields dt .idlFieldType code, .dictionary-members dt .idlMemberType code {
+ color: #005a9c;
+ background: transparent;
+ font-family: inherit;
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+
+.methods dt code {
+ background: #d9e6f8;
+}
+
+.constants dt code {
+ background: #ddffd2;
+}
+
+.attributes dd, .methods dd, .constants dd, .fields dd, .dictionary-members dd {
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+}
+
+table.parameters, table.exceptions {
+ border-spacing: 0;
+ border-collapse: collapse;
+ margin: 0.5em 0;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+table.parameters { border-bottom: 1px solid #90b8de; }
+table.exceptions { border-bottom: 1px solid #deb890; }
+
+.parameters th, .exceptions th {
+ color: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 5px;
+ text-align: left;
+ font-family: initial;
+ font-weight: normal;
+ text-shadow: #666 1px 1px 0;
+}
+.parameters th { background: #90b8de; }
+.exceptions th { background: #deb890; }
+
+.parameters td, .exceptions td {
+ padding: 3px 10px;
+ border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
+ vertical-align: top;
+}
+
+.parameters tr:first-child td, .exceptions tr:first-child td {
+ border-top: none;
+}
+
+.parameters td.prmName, .exceptions td.excName, .exceptions td.excCodeName {
+ width: 100px;
+}
+
+.parameters td.prmType {
+ width: 120px;
+}
+
+table.exceptions table {
+ border-spacing: 0;
+ border-collapse: collapse;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+</style><link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-WD" />
+<!--[if lt IE 9]><script src='http://www.w3.org/2008/site/js/html5shiv.js'></script><![endif]-->
+</head>
+
+<body><div class="head">
+ <p>
+
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img width="72" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" alt="W3C" /></a>
+
+ </p>
+ <h1 class="title" id="title">JSON-LD 1.0 Processing Algorithms and API</h1>
+
+ <h2 id="w3c-working-draft-04-april-2013"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Working Draft 04 April 2013</h2>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>This version:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-json-ld-api-20130404/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-json-ld-api-20130404/</a></dd>
+ <dt>Latest published version:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld-api/">http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld-api/</a></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/json-ld/raw-file/spec/latest/json-ld-api/index.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/json-ld/raw-file/spec/latest/json-ld-api/index.html</a></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Test suite:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://json-ld.org/test-suite/">http://json-ld.org/test-suite/</a></dd>
+
+
+
+
+ <dt>Previous version:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-json-ld-api-20120712/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-json-ld-api-20120712/</a></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Editors:</dt>
+ <dd rel="bibo:editor" inlist=""><span typeof="foaf:Person"><a rel="foaf:homepage" property="foaf:name" content="Markus Lanthaler" href="http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/">Markus Lanthaler</a>, <a rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage" href="http://www.tugraz.at/">Graz University of Technology</a></span>
+</dd>
+<dd rel="bibo:editor" inlist=""><span typeof="foaf:Person"><a rel="foaf:homepage" property="foaf:name" content="Gregg Kellogg" href="http://greggkellogg.net/">Gregg Kellogg</a>, <a rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage" href="http://kellogg-assoc.com/">Kellogg Associates</a></span>
+</dd>
+<dd rel="bibo:editor" inlist=""><span typeof="foaf:Person"><a rel="foaf:homepage" property="foaf:name" content="Manu Sporny" href="http://manu.sporny.org/">Manu Sporny</a>, <a rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage" href="http://digitalbazaar.com/">Digital Bazaar</a></span>
+</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Authors:</dt>
+ <dd rel="dcterms:contributor"><span typeof="foaf:Person"><a rel="foaf:homepage" property="foaf:name" content="Dave Longley" href="http://digitalbazaar.com/">Dave Longley</a>, <a rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage" href="http://digitalbazaar.com/">Digital Bazaar</a></span>
+</dd>
+<dd rel="dcterms:contributor"><span typeof="foaf:Person"><a rel="foaf:homepage" property="foaf:name" content="Gregg Kellogg" href="http://greggkellogg.net/">Gregg Kellogg</a>, <a rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage" href="http://kellogg-assoc.com/">Kellogg Associates</a></span>
+</dd>
+<dd rel="dcterms:contributor"><span typeof="foaf:Person"><a rel="foaf:homepage" property="foaf:name" content="Markus Lanthaler" href="http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/">Markus Lanthaler</a>, <a rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage" href="http://www.tugraz.at/">Graz University of Technology</a></span>
+</dd>
+<dd rel="dcterms:contributor"><span typeof="foaf:Person"><a rel="foaf:homepage" property="foaf:name" content="Manu Sporny" href="http://digitalbazaar.com/">Manu Sporny</a>, <a rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage" href="http://digitalbazaar.com/">Digital Bazaar</a></span>
+</dd>
+
+
+ </dl>
+
+
+ <p>
+
+ This document is also available in this non-normative format:
+
+ <a rel="alternate" href="diff-20120712.html">diff to previous version</a>
+ </p>
+
+
+
+
+ <p class="copyright">
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> ©
+ 2010-2013
+
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup>
+ (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>,
+ <a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>,
+ <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>, <a href="http://ev.buaa.edu.cn/">Beihang</a>), All Rights Reserved.
+ <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>,
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.
+ </p>
+
+
+ <hr />
+</div>
+<section id="abstract" class="introductory" property="dcterms:abstract" datatype="" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#abstract" rel="bibo:chapter"><h2>Abstract</h2>
+ <p>JSON [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC4627">RFC4627</a></cite>] has proven to be a highly useful object serialization and
+ messaging format. JSON-LD [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-JSON-LD">JSON-LD</a></cite>] harmonizes the representation of
+ Linked Data in JSON by outlining a common JSON representation format for
+ expressing directed graphs, mixing both Linked Data and non-Linked Data in
+ a single document. This document outlines an Application Programming
+ Interface and a set of algorithms for programmatically transforming
+ JSON-LD documents to make them easier to work with in programming
+ environments like those that use JavaScript, Python, and Ruby.</p>
+</section><section id="sotd" class="introductory" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#sotd" rel="bibo:chapter"><h2>Status of This Document</h2>
+
+
+
+ <p>
+ <em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other
+ documents may supersede this document. A list of current <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> publications and the latest revision
+ of this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> technical reports
+ index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em>
+ </p>
+
+ <p>This document has been under development for over 25 months in the
+ JSON for Linking Data Community Group. The document has recently been
+ transferred to the RDF Working Group for review, improvement, and publication
+ along the Recommendation track. The specification has undergone significant
+ development, review, and changes during the course of the last 25 months.</p>
+
+ <p>There are several independent
+ <a href="http://json-ld.org/#impl">interoperable implementations</a> of
+ this specification. There is
+ a <a href="https://github.com/json-ld/json-ld.org/tree/master/test-suite">fairly complete test suite</a>
+ and a <a href="http://json-ld.org/playground/">live JSON-LD editor</a>
+ that is capable of demonstrating the features described in
+ this document. While there will be continuous development on implementations,
+ the test suite, and the live editor, they are believed to be mature enough
+ to be integrated into a non-production system at this point in time. There
+ is an expectation that they could be used in a production system within the
+ year.</p>
+
+ <p>There are a number of ways that one may participate in the development of
+ this specification:</p>
+
+ <ul>
+ <li>If you want to make sure that your feedback is formally addressed by
+ the RDF Working Group, you should send it to public-rdf-comments:
+ <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-rdf-comments/">public-rdf-comments@w3.org</a></li>
+
+ <li>Ad-hoc technical discussion primarily occurs on the public community mailing list:
+ <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-linked-json/">public-linked-json@w3.org</a></li>
+
+ <li><a href="http://json-ld.org/minutes/">Public JSON-LD Community Group teleconferences</a>
+ are held on Tuesdays at 1500UTC every week. Participation is open to the
+ public.</li>
+
+ <li>RDF Working Group teleconferences are held on Wednesdays at 1500UTC
+ every week. Participation is limited to RDF Working Group members.</li>
+
+ <li>Specification bugs and issues should be reported in the
+ <a href="https://github.com/json-ld/json-ld.org/issues">issue tracker</a>
+ if you do not want to send an email to the public-rdf-comments mailing
+ list.</li>
+
+ <li><a href="https://github.com/json-ld/json-ld.org/tree/master/spec">Source code</a>
+ for the specification can be found on Github.</li>
+
+ <li>The <a href="http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=json-ld">#json-ld</a>
+ IRC channel is available for real-time discussion on irc.freenode.net.</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <p>
+ This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/rdf-wg/">RDF Working Group</a> as a Last Call Working Draft.
+
+ This document is intended to become a <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Recommendation.
+
+
+ If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to
+ <a href="mailto:public-rdf-comments@w3.org">public-rdf-comments@w3.org</a>
+ (<a href="mailto:public-rdf-comments-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>,
+ <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-rdf-comments/">archives</a>).
+
+ The Last Call period ends 04 May 2013.
+
+
+ All comments are welcome.
+
+
+ </p><p>
+ Publication as a Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Membership.
+ This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at
+ any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.
+ </p>
+
+
+ <p>
+ This is a Last Call Working Draft and thus the Working Group has determined that this document has satisfied the
+ relevant technical requirements and is sufficiently stable to advance through the Technical Recommendation process.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>
+
+ This document was produced by a group operating under the
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent Policy</a>.
+
+
+
+
+ <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46168/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent disclosures</a>
+
+ made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for
+ disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the
+ information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section
+ 6 of the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent Policy</a>.
+
+
+ </p>
+
+
+
+
+</section><section id="toc"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#introduction" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#features" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>Features</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expansion" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1 </span>Expansion</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#compaction" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2 </span>Compaction</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#flattening" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Flattening</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#rdf-conversion" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.4 </span>RDF Conversion</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#conformance" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>Conformance</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#general-terminology" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span>General Terminology</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#algorithm-terms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5. </span>Algorithm Terms</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#context-processing-algorithms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">6. </span>Context Processing Algorithms</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#context-processing-algorithm" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">6.1 </span>Context Processing Algorithm</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#create-term-definition" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">6.2 </span>Create Term Definition</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#iri-expansion" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">6.3 </span><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> Expansion</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expansion-algorithms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">7. </span>Expansion Algorithms</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expansion-algorithm" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">7.1 </span>Expansion Algorithm</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#value-expansion" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">7.2 </span>Value Expansion</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#compaction-algorithms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">8. </span>Compaction Algorithms</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#compaction-algorithm" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">8.1 </span>Compaction Algorithm</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#inverse-context-creation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">8.2 </span>Inverse Context Creation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#iri-compaction" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">8.3 </span><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> Compaction</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-selection" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">8.4 </span>Term Selection</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#value-compaction" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">8.5 </span>Value Compaction</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#flattening-algorithms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">9. </span>Flattening Algorithms</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#flattening-algorithm" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">9.1 </span>Flattening Algorithm</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#node-map-generation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">9.2 </span>Node Map Generation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#generate-blank-node-identifier" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">9.3 </span>Generate Blank Node Identifier</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#rdf-conversion-algorithms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">10. </span>RDF Conversion Algorithms</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#convert-to-rdf-algorithm" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">10.1 </span>Convert to RDF Algorithm</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#object-to-rdf-conversion" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">10.2 </span>Object to RDF Conversion</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#list-to-rdf-conversion" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">10.3 </span>List to RDF Conversion</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#convert-from-rdf-algorithm" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">10.4 </span>Convert from RDF Algorithm</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#rdf-to-object-conversion" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">10.5 </span>RDF to Object Conversion</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#data-round-tripping" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">10.6 </span>Data Round Tripping</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#the-application-programming-interface" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">11. </span>The Application Programming Interface</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#jsonldprocessor" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">11.1 </span>JsonLdProcessor</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#callbacks" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">11.2 </span>Callbacks</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#data-structures" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">11.3 </span>Data Structures</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A. </span>Acknowledgements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B. </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B.1 </span>Normative references</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B.2 </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></section>
+
+
+
+
+<section class="informative" id="introduction">
+
+<!--OddPage-->
+<h2><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</h2><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+ <p>This document is a detailed specification for an Application Programming
+ Interface for the JSON-LD syntax. The document is primarily intended for
+ the following audiences:</p>
+
+ <ul>
+ <li>Developers that want an overview of the JSON-LD API.</li>
+ <li>Web authors and developers that want a very detailed view of how
+ a JSON-LD Implementation or a JSON-LD Processor's API operates.</li>
+ <li>Software developers that want to implement the algorithms to transform
+ JSON-LD documents.</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <p>To understand the basics in this specification you must first be familiar with
+ JSON, which is detailed in [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC4627">RFC4627</a></cite>]. You must also understand the
+ JSON-LD Syntax [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-JSON-LD">JSON-LD</a></cite>], which is the base syntax used by all of the
+ algorithms in this document. To understand the API and how it is
+ intended to operate in a programming environment, it is useful to have working
+ knowledge of the JavaScript programming language [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-ECMA-262">ECMA-262</a></cite>] and
+ WebIDL [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-WEBIDL">WEBIDL</a></cite>]. To understand how JSON-LD maps to RDF, it is helpful to be
+ familiar with the basic RDF concepts [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF11-CONCEPTS">RDF11-CONCEPTS</a></cite>].</p>
+</section>
+<!-- end of Introduction -->
+
+
+
+<section class="informative" id="features">
+
+<!--OddPage-->
+<h2><span class="secno">2. </span>Features</h2><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+ <p>The JSON-LD Syntax specification [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-JSON-LD">JSON-LD</a></cite>] outlines a syntax that may be
+ used to express Linked Data in JSON. Because there is more than one way to
+ express Linked Data using this syntax, it is often useful to be able to
+ transform JSON-LD documents so that they may be more easily consumed by
+ specific applications.</p>
+
+ <p>The way JSON-LD allows Linked Data to be expressed in a way that is
+ specifically tailored to a particular person or application is by
+ providing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a>. By providing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a>,
+ JSON data can be expressed in a way that is a natural fit for a particular
+ person or application whilst also indicating how the data should be
+ understood at a global scale. In order for people or applications to
+ share data that was created using a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a> that is different
+ from their own, a JSON-LD processor must be able to transform a document
+ from one <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a> to another. Instead of requiring JSON-LD
+ processors to write specific code for every imaginable
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a> switching scenario, it is much easier to specify a
+ single algorithm that can remove any <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a>. Similarly,
+ another algorithm can be specified to subsequently apply any
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a>. These two algorithms represent the most basic
+ transformations of JSON-LD documents. They are referred to as
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="expansion" href="#dfn-expansion">expansion</a> and <a class="tref internalDFN" title="compaction" href="#dfn-compaction">compaction</a>, respectively.</p>
+
+ <p>There are four major types of transformation that are discussed in this
+ document: expansion, compaction, flattening, and RDF conversion.</p>
+
+ <section class="informative" id="expansion">
+ <h3><span class="secno">2.1 </span>Expansion</h3><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+ <p>The algorithm that removes <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a> is
+ called <dfn title="expansion" id="dfn-expansion">expansion</dfn>. Before performing any other
+ transformations on a JSON-LD document, it is easiest to
+ remove any <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a> from it, localizing all information,
+ and to make data structures more regular.</p>
+
+ <p>To get an idea of how context and data structuring affects the same data,
+ here is an example of JSON-LD that uses only <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">terms</a>
+ and is fairly compact:</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 1</span>: Sample JSON-LD document</div><pre class="example">{
+ "@context": {
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "homepage": {
+ "@id": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
+ "@type": "@id"
+ }
+ },
+ "@id": "http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/",
+ "name": "Markus Lanthaler",
+ "homepage": "http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/"
+}</pre></div>
+
+ <p>The next input example uses one <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> to express a property
+ and <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> to encapsulate another, but
+ leaves the rest of the information untouched.</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 2</span>: Sample JSON-LD document using a IRI instead of a term to express a property</div><pre class="example">{
+ "@context": {
+ <span class="diff">"website": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage"</span>
+ },
+ "@id": "http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/",
+ "<span class="diff">http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name</span>": "Markus Lanthaler",
+ <span class="diff">"website"</span>: <span class="diff">{ "@id":</span> "http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/" <span class="diff">}</span>
+}</pre></div>
+
+ <p>Note that both inputs are valid JSON-LD and both represent the same
+ information. The difference is in their <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a> information
+ and in the data structures used. A JSON-LD processor can remove
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a> and ensure that the data is more regular by employing
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="expansion" href="#dfn-expansion">expansion</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a class="tref internalDFN" title="expansion" href="#dfn-expansion">Expansion</a> has two important goals: removing any contextual
+ information from the document, and ensuring all values are represented
+ in a regular form. These goals are accomplished by expanding all properties
+ to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">absolute IRIs</a> and by expressing all
+ values in <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">arrays</a> in
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="expanded-form" href="#dfn-expanded-form">expanded form</a>. <a class="tref internalDFN" title="expanded-form" href="#dfn-expanded-form">Expanded form</a> is the most verbose
+ and regular way of expressing of values in JSON-LD; all contextual
+ information from the document is instead stored locally with each value.
+ Running the <a href="#expansion-algorithm">Expansion algorithm</a>
+ (<code class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdProcessor-expand-void-object-object---DOMString-input-JsonLdCallback-callback-JsonLdOptions-options">expand</a></code>
+ operation) against the examples provided above results in the following output:</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 3</span>: Expanded sample document</div><pre class="example">[
+ {
+ "@id": "http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/",
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+ { "@value": "Markus Lanthaler" }
+ ],
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage": [
+ { "@id": "http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/" }
+ ]
+ }
+]</pre></div>
+
+ <p>Note that in the output above all <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a> definitions have
+ been removed, all <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">terms</a> and
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">compact IRIs</a> have been expanded to absolute
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">IRIs</a>, and all
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-value" href="#dfn-json-ld-value">JSON-LD values</a> are expressed in
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">arrays</a> in <a class="tref internalDFN" title="expanded-form" href="#dfn-expanded-form">expanded form</a>. While the
+ output is more verbose and difficult for a human to read, it establishes a
+ baseline that makes JSON-LD processing easier because of its very regular
+ structure.</p>
+ </section>
+<!-- end of Expansion -->
+
+
+ <section class="informative" id="compaction">
+ <h3><span class="secno">2.2 </span>Compaction</h3><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+ <p>While <a class="tref internalDFN" title="expansion" href="#dfn-expansion">expansion</a> removes <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a> from a given
+ input, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="compaction" href="#dfn-compaction">compaction's</a> primary function is to
+ perform the opposite operation: to express a given input according to
+ a particular <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a>. <dfn title="compaction" id="dfn-compaction">Compaction</dfn> applies a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a> that specifically tailors the way information is
+ expressed for a particular person or application. This simplifies applications
+ that consume JSON or JSON-LD by expressing the data in application-specific
+ terms, and it makes the data easier to read by humans.</p>
+
+ <p><a class="tref internalDFN" title="compaction" href="#dfn-compaction">Compaction</a> uses a developer-supplied <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a> to
+ shorten <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">IRIs</a> to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">terms</a> or
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">compact IRIs</a> and
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-value" href="#dfn-json-ld-value">JSON-LD values</a> expressed in
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="expanded-form" href="#dfn-expanded-form">expanded form</a> to simple values such as <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">strings</a>
+ or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">numbers</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For example, assume the following expanded JSON-LD input document:</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 4</span>: Expanded sample document</div><pre class="example">[
+ {
+ "@id": "http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/",
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+ { "@value": "Markus Lanthaler" }
+ ],
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage": [
+ { "@id": "http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/" }
+ ]
+ }
+]</pre></div>
+
+ <p>Additionally, assume the following developer-supplied JSON-LD
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a>:</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 5</span>: JSON-LD context</div><pre class="example">{
+ "@context": {
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "homepage": {
+ "@id": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
+ "@type": "@id"
+ }
+ }
+}</pre></div>
+
+ <p>Running the <a href="#compaction-algorithm">Compaction Algorithm</a>
+ (<code class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdProcessor-compact-void-object-object---DOMString-input-object-DOMString-context-JsonLdCallback-callback-JsonLdOptions-options">compact</a></code>
+ operation) given the context supplied above against the JSON-LD input
+ document provided above would result in the following output:</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 6</span>: Compacted sample document</div><pre class="example">{
+ "@context": {
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "homepage": {
+ "@id": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
+ "@type": "@id"
+ }
+ },
+ "@id": "http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/",
+ "name": "Markus Lanthaler",
+ "homepage": "http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/"
+}</pre></div>
+
+ <p>Note that all <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">IRIs</a> have been compacted to
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">terms</a> as specified in the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a>,
+ which has been injected into the output. While compacted output is
+ useful to humans, it is also used to generate structures that are easy to
+ program against. Compaction enables developers to map any expanded document
+ into an application-specific compacted document. While the context provided
+ above mapped <code>http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nam</code> to <code>name</code>, it
+ could also have been mapped to any other term provided by the developer.</p>
+ </section>
+<!-- end of Compaction -->
+
+
+ <section class="informative" id="flattening">
+ <h3><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Flattening</h3><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+ <p>While expansion ensures that a document is in a uniform structure,
+ flattening goes a step further to ensure that the shape of the data
+ is deterministic. In expanded documents, the properties of a single
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">node</a> may be spread across a number of different
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON objects</a>. By flattening a
+ document, all properties of a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">node</a> are collected in a single
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> and all <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node" href="#dfn-blank-node">blank nodes</a>
+ are labeled with a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifier</a>. This may drastically
+ simplify the code required to process JSON-LD data in certain applications.</p>
+
+ <p>For example, assume the following JSON-LD input document:</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 7</span>: Sample JSON-LD document</div><pre class="example">{
+ "@context": {
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "knows": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows"
+ },
+ "@id": "http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/",
+ "name": "Markus Lanthaler",
+ "knows": [
+ {
+ "name": "Dave Longley"
+ }
+ ]
+}</pre></div>
+
+ <p>Running the <a href="#flattening-algorithm">Flattening algorithm</a>
+ (<code class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdProcessor-flatten-void-object-object---DOMString-input-object-DOMString-context-JsonLdCallback-callback-JsonLdOptions-options">flatten</a></code>
+ operation) with a context set to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a> to prevent compaction
+ returns the following document:</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 8</span>: Flattened sample document in expanded form</div><pre class="example">[
+ {
+ "@id": "_:t0",
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+ { "@value": "Dave Longley" }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/",
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+ { "@value": "Markus Lanthaler" }
+ ],
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows": [
+ { "@id": "_:t0" }
+ ]
+ }
+]</pre></div>
+
+ <p>Note how in the output above all properties of a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">node</a> are collected in a
+ single <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> and how the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node" href="#dfn-blank-node">blank node</a> representing
+ "Dave Longley" has been assigned the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifier</a>
+ <code>_:t0</code>.</p>
+
+ <p>To make it easier for humans to read or for certain applications to
+ process it, a flattened document can be compacted by passing a context. Using
+ the same context as the input document, the flattened and compacted document
+ looks as follows:</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 9</span>: Flattened and compacted sample document</div><pre class="example">{
+ "@context": {
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "knows": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows"
+ },
+ "@graph": [
+ {
+ "@id": "_:t0",
+ "name": "Dave Longley"
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/",
+ "name": "Markus Lanthaler",
+ "knows": { "@id": "_:t0" }
+ }
+ ]
+}</pre></div>
+
+ <p>Please note that the flattened and compacted result always explicitly
+ designates the default graph by the <code>@graph</code> member in the
+ top-level <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>.</p>
+ </section>
+<!-- end of Flattening -->
+
+
+ <section class="informative" id="rdf-conversion">
+ <h3><span class="secno">2.4 </span>RDF Conversion</h3><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+ <p>JSON-LD can be used to serialize data expressed in RDF as described in
+ [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF11-CONCEPTS">RDF11-CONCEPTS</a></cite>]. This ensures that data can be round-tripped to and from
+ any RDF syntax without any loss in fidelity.</p>
+
+ <p>For example, assume the following RDF input serialized in Turtle [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-TURTLE">TURTLE</a></cite>]:</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 10</span>: Sample Turtle document</div><pre class="example"><http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Markus Lanthaler" .
+<http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage> <http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/> .</pre></div>
+
+ <p>Using the <a href="#convert-from-rdf-algorithm">Convert from RDF algorithm</a> a
+ developer could transform this document into expanded JSON-LD:</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 11</span>: Sample Turtle document converted to JSON-LD</div><pre class="example">[
+ {
+ "@id": "http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/",
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+ { "@value": "Markus Lanthaler" }
+ ],
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage": [
+ { "@id": "http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/" }
+ ]
+ }
+]</pre></div>
+
+ <p>Note that the output above could easily be compacted using the technique outlined
+ in the previous section. It is also possible to transform the JSON-LD document back
+ to RDF using the <a href="#convert-to-rdf-algorithm">Convert to RDF algorithm</a>.</p>
+ </section>
+<!-- end of RDF Conversion -->
+
+</section>
+<!-- end of Features section -->
+
+
+
+<section id="conformance">
+
+<!--OddPage-->
+<h2><span class="secno">3. </span>Conformance</h2>
+
+ <p>All examples and notes as well as sections marked as non-normative in this
+ specification are non-normative. Everything else in this specification is
+ normative.</p>
+
+ <p>The keywords <em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">MUST</em>, <em class="rfc2119" title="MUST NOT">MUST NOT</em>, <em class="rfc2119" title="REQUIRED">REQUIRED</em>, <em class="rfc2119" title="SHOULD">SHOULD</em>, <em class="rfc2119" title="SHOULD NOT">SHOULD NOT</em>, <em class="rfc2119" title="RECOMMENDED">RECOMMENDED</em>,
+ <em class="rfc2119" title="MAY">MAY</em>, and <em class="rfc2119" title="OPTIONAL">OPTIONAL</em> in this specification are to be interpreted as described
+ in [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC2119">RFC2119</a></cite>].</p>
+
+ <p>There are two classes of products that can claim conformance to this
+ specification: <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-implementation" href="#dfn-json-ld-implementation">JSON-LD Implementations</a>
+ and <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-processor" href="#dfn-json-ld-processor">JSON-LD Processors</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A conforming <dfn title="json-ld-implementation" id="dfn-json-ld-implementation">JSON-LD Implementation</dfn> is a system capable of transforming
+ JSON-LD documents according the algorithms defined in this specification.</p>
+
+ <p>A conforming <dfn title="json-ld-processor" id="dfn-json-ld-processor">JSON-LD Processor</dfn> is a conforming <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-implementation" href="#dfn-json-ld-implementation">JSON-LD Implementation</a>
+ that exposes the Application Programming Interface (API) defined in this specification.
+ It <em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">MUST</em> implement the <code>json-ld-1.0</code> processing mode (for further details, see the
+ <code class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-processingMode">processingMode</a></code>
+ option of <a href="#idl-def-JsonLdOptions" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdOptions</code></a>).</p>
+
+ <p>The algorithms in this specification are generally written with more concern for clarity than
+ efficiency. Thus, JSON-LD Implementations and Processors may implement the algorithms
+ given in this specification in any way desired, so long as the end result is indistinguishable
+ from the result that would be obtained by the specification's algorithms.</p>
+
+ <p>This specification does not define how JSON-LD Implementations or Processors handle
+ non-conforming input documents. This implies that JSON-LD Implementations or Processors
+ <em class="rfc2119" title="MUST NOT">MUST NOT</em> attempt to correct malformed <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">IRIs</a> or language tags;
+ however, they <em class="rfc2119" title="MAY">MAY</em> issue validation warnings. IRIs are not modified other than converted
+ between <a class="tref internalDFN" title="relative-iri" href="#dfn-relative-iri">relative</a> and
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">absolute IRIs</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class="note"><div class="note-title"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">Implementers can partially check their level of conformance to
+ this specification by successfully passing the test cases of the JSON-LD test
+ suite [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-JSON-LD-TESTS">JSON-LD-TESTS</a></cite>]. Note, however, that passing all the tests in the test
+ suite does not imply complete conformance to this specification. It only implies
+ that the implementation conforms to aspects tested by the test suite.</p></div>
+</section>
+<!-- end of Conformance section -->
+
+
+
+<section id="general-terminology">
+
+<!--OddPage-->
+<h2><span class="secno">4. </span>General Terminology</h2>
+
+ <p>This document uses the following terms as defined in JSON [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC4627">RFC4627</a></cite>]. Refer
+ to the <em>JSON Grammar</em> section in [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC4627">RFC4627</a></cite>] for formal definitions.</p>
+
+ <dl>
+ <dt><dfn title="json-object" id="dfn-json-object">JSON object</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>An object structure is represented as a pair of curly brackets surrounding
+ zero or more key-value pairs. A key is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a>.
+ A single colon comes after each key, separating the key from the value.
+ A single comma separates a value from a following key. In contrast to JSON,
+ in JSON-LD the keys in an object must be unique.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="array" id="dfn-array">array</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>An array structure is represented as square brackets surrounding zero
+ or more values (or elements). Elements are separated by commas.
+ In JSON, an array is an <em>ordered</em> sequence of zero or more values.
+ While JSON-LD uses the same array representation as JSON,
+ the collection is <em>unordered</em> by default. While order is
+ preserved in regular JSON arrays, it is not in regular JSON-LD arrays
+ unless specific markup is provided (see <a href="#sets-and-lists"></a>).</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="string" id="dfn-string">string</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>A string is a sequence of zero or more Unicode characters,
+ wrapped in double quotes, using backslash escapes (if necessary). A
+ character is represented as a single character string.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="number" id="dfn-number">number</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>A number is similar to that used in most programming languages, except
+ that the octal and hexadecimal formats are not used and that leading
+ zeros are not allowed.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="true" id="dfn-true">true</dfn> and <dfn title="false" id="dfn-false">false</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>Values that are used to express one of two possible boolean states.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="null" id="dfn-null">null</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>The <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a> value. A key-value pair in the
+ <code>@context</code> where the value, or the <code>@id</code> of the
+ value, is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a> explicitly decouples a term's association
+ with an <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr>. A key-value pair in the body of a JSON-LD document whose
+ value is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a> has the same meaning as if the key-value pair
+ was not defined. If <code>@value</code>, <code>@list</code>, or
+ <code>@set</code> is set to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a> in expanded form, then
+ the entire <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> is ignored.</dd>
+ </dl>
+
+ <p>Furthermore, the following terminology is used throughout this document:</p>
+
+ <dl>
+ <dt><dfn title="keyword" id="dfn-keyword">keyword</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>A JSON key that is specific to JSON-LD, specified in the JSON-LD Syntax specification [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-JSON-LD">JSON-LD</a></cite>]
+ in the section titled
+ <cite><a href="../json-ld-syntax/#syntax-tokens-and-keywords">Syntax Tokens and Keywords</a></cite>.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="context" id="dfn-context">context</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>A a set of rules for interpreting a JSON-LD document as specified in
+ <cite><a href="../json-ld-syntax/#the-context">The Context</a></cite> of the
+ [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-JSON-LD">JSON-LD</a></cite>] specification.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="json-ld-document" id="dfn-json-ld-document">JSON-LD document</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>A <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-document" href="#dfn-json-ld-document">JSON-LD document</a> is a serialization of a collection of
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-graph" href="#dfn-json-ld-graph">JSON-LD graphs</a> and comprises exactly one
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-graph" href="#dfn-default-graph">default graph</a> and zero or more <a class="tref internalDFN" title="named-graph" href="#dfn-named-graph">named graphs</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="named-graph" id="dfn-named-graph">named graph</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>A named graph is a pair consisting of an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node" href="#dfn-blank-node">blank node</a>
+ (the <dfn title="graph-name" id="dfn-graph-name">graph name</dfn>) and a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-graph" href="#dfn-json-ld-graph">JSON-LD graph</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="default-graph" id="dfn-default-graph">default graph</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>The default graph is the only graph in a JSON-LD document which has no <a class="tref internalDFN" title="graph-name" href="#dfn-graph-name">graph name</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="json-ld-graph" id="dfn-json-ld-graph">JSON-LD graph</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>A labeled directed graph, i.e., a set of <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">nodes</a>
+ connected by <a class="tref internalDFN" title="edge" href="#dfn-edge">edges</a>,
+ as specified in the <cite><a href="../json-ld-syntax/#data-model">Data Model</a></cite>
+ section of the JSON-LD syntax specification [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-JSON-LD">JSON-LD</a></cite>].</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="edge" id="dfn-edge">edge</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>Every <a class="tref internalDFN" title="edge" href="#dfn-edge">edge</a> has a direction associated with it and is labeled with
+ an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> or a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifier</a>. Within the JSON-LD syntax
+ these edge labels are called <dfn title="property" id="dfn-property">properties</dfn>. Whenever possible, an
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="edge" href="#dfn-edge">edge</a> should be labeled with an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="node" id="dfn-node">node</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>Every <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">node</a> is an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>, a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node" href="#dfn-blank-node">blank node</a>,
+ a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-value" href="#dfn-json-ld-value">JSON-LD value</a>, or a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="list" href="#dfn-list">list</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="iri" id="dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></dfn></dt>
+ <dd>An <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> (Internationalized Resource Identifier) is a string that conforms to the syntax
+ defined in [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3987">RFC3987</a></cite>].</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="absolute-iri" id="dfn-absolute-iri">absolute <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></dfn></dt>
+ <dd>An absolute <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> is defined in [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3987">RFC3987</a></cite>] containing a <em>scheme</em> along with a <em>path</em> and
+ optional <em>query</em> and fragment segments.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="relative-iri" id="dfn-relative-iri">relative <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></dfn></dt>
+ <dd>A relative <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> is an <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> that is relative some other <a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">absolute <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>;
+ in the case of JSON-LD this is the base location of the document.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="blank-node" id="dfn-blank-node">blank node</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>A <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">node</a> in a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-graph" href="#dfn-json-ld-graph">JSON-LD graph</a> that does not contain a de-referenceable
+ identifier because it is either ephemeral in nature or does not contain information that needs to be
+ linked to from outside of the JSON-LD graph.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="blank-node-identifier" id="dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifier</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>A blank node identifier is a string that can be used as an identifier for a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node" href="#dfn-blank-node">blank node</a> within the scope of a JSON-LD document. Blank node identifiers
+ begin with <code>_:</code>.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="json-ld-value" id="dfn-json-ld-value">JSON-LD value</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>A <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-value" href="#dfn-json-ld-value">JSON-LD value</a> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a>, a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">number</a>,
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">false</a>, a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed-value" href="#dfn-typed-value">typed value</a>, or a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-tagged-string" href="#dfn-language-tagged-string">language-tagged string</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="typed-value" id="dfn-typed-value">typed value</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>A <a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed-value" href="#dfn-typed-value">typed value</a> consists of a value, which is a string, and a type,
+ which is an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="language-tagged-string" id="dfn-language-tagged-string">language-tagged string</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>A <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-tagged-string" href="#dfn-language-tagged-string">language-tagged string</a> consists of a string and a non-empty language
+ tag as defined by [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-BCP47">BCP47</a></cite>]. The language tag must be well-formed according to
+ <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47#section-2.2.9">section 2.2.9</a>
+ of [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-BCP47">BCP47</a></cite>], and is normalized to lowercase.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="list" id="dfn-list">list</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>A <a class="tref internalDFN" title="list" href="#dfn-list">list</a> is an ordered sequence of <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">IRIs</a>,
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node" href="#dfn-blank-node">blank nodes</a>, and
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-value" href="#dfn-json-ld-value">JSON-LD values</a>.</dd>
+ </dl>
+</section>
+<!-- end of General Terminology section -->
+
+
+
+<section id="algorithm-terms">
+
+<!--OddPage-->
+<h2><span class="secno">5. </span>Algorithm Terms</h2>
+
+ <dl>
+ <dt><dfn title="active-graph" id="dfn-active-graph">active graph</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>The name of the currently active graph that the processor should use when
+ processing.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="active-subject" id="dfn-active-subject">active subject</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>The currently active subject that the processor should use when
+ processing.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="active-property" id="dfn-active-property">active property</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>The currently active <a class="tref internalDFN" title="property" href="#dfn-property">property</a> or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">keyword</a> that
+ the processor should use when processing.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="active-context" id="dfn-active-context">active context</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>A context that is used to resolve <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">terms</a> while
+ the processing algorithm is running.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="local-context" id="dfn-local-context">local context</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>A context that is specified within a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>,
+ specified via the <code>@context</code> <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">keyword</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="json-ld-input" id="dfn-json-ld-input">JSON-LD input</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>The JSON-LD data structure that is provided as input to the algorithm.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="term" id="dfn-term">term</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>A <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> is a short word defined in a context that may be expanded to
+ an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a></dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="compact-iri" id="dfn-compact-iri">compact <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></dfn></dt>
+ <dd>A compact <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> is has the form of <dfn title="prefix" id="dfn-prefix">prefix</dfn>:<em>suffix</em> and is used as a way
+ of expressing an <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> without needing to define separate <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> definitions for
+ each <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> contained within a common vocabulary identified by <a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">prefix</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="node-object" id="dfn-node-object">node object</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>A <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">node object</a> represents zero or more properties of a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">node</a> in the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-graph" href="#dfn-json-ld-graph">JSON-LD graph</a> serialized by the
+ JSON-LD document. A <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">node object</a>
+ if it exists outside of the JSON-LD <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a> and:
+ <ul>
+ <li>it does not contain the <code>@value</code>, <code>@list</code>,
+ or <code>@set</code> keywords, or</li>
+ <li>it is not the top-most <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> in the JSON-LD document consisting
+ of no other members than <code>@graph</code> and <code>@context</code>.</li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="value-object" id="dfn-value-object">value object</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>A <a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object">value object</a> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> that has an <code>@value</code>
+ member.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="list-object" id="dfn-list-object">list object</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>A <a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">list object</a> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> that has an <code>@list</code>
+ member.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="set-object" id="dfn-set-object">set object</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>A <a class="tref internalDFN" title="set-object" href="#dfn-set-object">set object</a> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> that has an <code>@set</code>
+ member.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="scalar" id="dfn-scalar">scalar</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>A scalar is either a JSON <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">number</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a>,
+ or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">false</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="rdf-subject" id="dfn-rdf-subject">RDF subject</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>A <a class="tref externalDFN" title="subject" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-subject">subject</a>
+ as specified by [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF11-CONCEPTS">RDF11-CONCEPTS</a></cite>].</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="rdf-predicate" id="dfn-rdf-predicate">RDF predicate</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>A <a class="tref externalDFN" title="predicate" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-predicate">predicate</a>
+ as specified by [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF11-CONCEPTS">RDF11-CONCEPTS</a></cite>].</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="rdf-object" id="dfn-rdf-object">RDF object</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>An <a class="tref externalDFN" title="object" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-object">object</a>
+ as specified by [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF11-CONCEPTS">RDF11-CONCEPTS</a></cite>].</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="rdf-triple" id="dfn-rdf-triple">RDF triple</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>A <a class="tref externalDFN" title="triple" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-triple">triple</a>
+ as specified by [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF11-CONCEPTS">RDF11-CONCEPTS</a></cite>].</dd>
+ <dt><dfn title="rdf-dataset" id="dfn-rdf-dataset">RDF dataset</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>A <a class="tref externalDFN" title="dataset" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-dataset">dataset</a>
+ as specified by [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF11-CONCEPTS">RDF11-CONCEPTS</a></cite>] representing a collection of
+ <a class="tref externalDFN" title="rdf-graphs" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-graph">RDF graphs</a>.</dd>
+ </dl>
+</section>
+<!-- end of Algorithm Terms section -->
+
+
+
+<section id="context-processing-algorithms">
+
+<!--OddPage-->
+<h2><span class="secno">6. </span>Context Processing Algorithms</h2>
+
+ <section id="context-processing-algorithm">
+ <h3><span class="secno">6.1 </span>Context Processing Algorithm</h3>
+
+ <p>When processing a JSON-LD data structure, each processing rule is applied
+ using information provided by the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>. This
+ section describes how to produce an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> contains the active
+ <dfn title="term-definition" id="dfn-term-definition">term definitions</dfn> which specify how
+ properties and values have to be interpreted as well as the current <dfn title="base-iri" id="dfn-base-iri">base <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></dfn>,
+ the <dfn title="vocabulary-mapping" id="dfn-vocabulary-mapping">vocabulary mapping</dfn> and the <dfn title="default-language" id="dfn-default-language">default language</dfn>. Each
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> consists of an <dfn title="iri-mapping" id="dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> mapping</dfn>, a boolean
+ flag <dfn title="reverse-property" id="dfn-reverse-property">reverse property</dfn>, an optional <dfn title="type-mapping" id="dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</dfn>
+ or <dfn title="language-mapping" id="dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</dfn>, and an optional <dfn title="container-mapping" id="dfn-container-mapping">container mapping</dfn>.
+ A <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> can not only be used to map a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>
+ to an <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr>, but also to map a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> to a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">keyword</a>,
+ in which case it is referred to as a <dfn title="keyword-alias" id="dfn-keyword-alias">keyword alias</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p>When processing, the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> is initialized
+ without any <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definitions</a>,
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">vocabulary mapping</a>, or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language">default language</a>.
+ If a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a> is encountered during processing, a new
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> is created by cloning the existing
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>. Then the information from the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a> is merged into the new <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>.
+ Given that <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local contexts</a> may contain
+ references to remote contexts, this includes their retrieval.</p>
+
+ <section class="informative">
+ <h4 id="general-solution">General Solution</h4><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+ <p>First we prepare a new <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> <i>result</i> by cloning
+ the current <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>. Then we normalize the form the passed
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a> to an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>.
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">Local contexts</a> may be in the form of a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>, a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a>, or an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> containing
+ a combination of the two. Finally we process each <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a> contained
+ in the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a> <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> as follows.</p>
+
+ <p>If <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a>, it represents a reference to
+ a remote context. We dereference the remote context and replace <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a>
+ with the value of the <code>@context</code> key of the top-level object in the
+ retrieved JSON-LD document. If there's no such key, an invalid remote context has
+ been detected. Otherwise, we process <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a> by recursively using
+ this algorithm ensuring that there is no cyclical reference.</p>
+
+ <p>If <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>, we first update the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri">base <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>, the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">vocabulary mapping</a>, and the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language">default language</a> by processing three specific keywords:
+ <code>@base</code>, <code>@vocab</code>, and <code>@language</code>.
+ These are handled before any other keys in the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a> because
+ they affect how the other keys are processed.</p>
+
+ <p>Then, for every other key in <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a>, we update
+ the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> in <i>result</i>. Since
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definitions</a> in a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a>
+ may themselves contain <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">terms</a> or
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">compact IRIs</a>, we may need to recurse.
+ When doing so, we must ensure that there is no cyclical dependency,
+ which is an error. After we have processed any
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> dependencies,
+ we update the current <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a>,
+ which may be a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword-alias" href="#dfn-keyword-alias">keyword alias</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Finally, we return <i>result</i> as the new <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>.</p>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <h4 id="algorithm">Algorithm</h4>
+
+ <p>This algorithm specifies how a new <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> is updated
+ with a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a>. The algorithm takes three input variables:
+ an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a>, and an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>
+ <i>remote contexts</i> which is used to detect cyclical context inclusions.
+ If <i>remote contexts</i> is not passed, it is initialized to an empty
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>.</p>
+
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Initialize <i>result</i> to the result of cloning
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>.</li>
+ <li>If <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a> is not an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>,
+ set it to an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> containing only
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a>.</li>
+ <li>
+ For each item <i>context</i> in <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>context</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, set <i>result</i> to a
+ newly-initialized <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> and continue with the
+ next <i>context</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>context</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a>,
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Set <i>context</i> to the result of resolving <i>value</i> against
+ the base <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> which is established as specified in
+ <cite><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-5.1">section 5.1 Establishing a Base URI</a></cite>
+ of [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3986">RFC3986</a></cite>]. Only the basic algorithm in
+ <cite><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-5.2">section 5.2</a></cite>
+ of [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3986">RFC3986</a></cite>] is used; neither
+ <cite><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-6.2.2">Syntax-Based Normalization</a></cite> nor
+ <cite><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-6.2.3">Scheme-Based Normalization</a></cite>
+ are performed. Characters additionally allowed in <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr>
+ references are treated in the same way that unreserved
+ characters are treated in URI references, per
+ <cite><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3987#section-6.5">section 6.5</a></cite>
+ of [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3987">RFC3987</a></cite>].</li>
+ <li>If <i>context</i> is in the <i>remote contexts</i> array, a
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.recursive-context-inclusion">recursive context inclusion</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted;
+ otherwise, add <i>context</i> to <i>remote contexts</i>.</li>
+ <li>Initialize <i>context no base</i> to the result of cloning the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>.</li>
+ <li>Remove the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri">base <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> of <i>context no base</i>.</li>
+ <li>Dereference <i>context</i>. If the dereferenced document has no
+ top-level <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> with an <code>@context</code> member, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-remote-context">invalid remote context</a></code>
+ has been detected and processing is aborted; otherwise,
+ set <i>context</i> to the value of that member.</li>
+ <li>Set <i>context</i> to the result of recursively calling this algorithm,
+ passing <i>context no base</i> for <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>,
+ <i>context</i> for <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a>, and <i>remote contexts</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>context</i> has no <a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri">base <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> but <i>result</i> does,
+ set the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri">base <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> of <i>context</i> to the one of
+ <i>result</i>.</li>
+ <li>Overwrite <i>result</i> with <i>context</i> and continue with the
+ next <i>context</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li><li>If <i>context</i> is not a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-local-context">invalid local context</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted.</li>
+ <li>If <i>context</i> has an <code>@base</code> key:
+ <div class="issue"><div class="issue-title"><a href="https://github.com/json-ld/json-ld.org/issues/223"><span>Issue 223</span></a>: Feature at risk</div><p class="atrisk">This feature is
+ at risk as the fact that a document may have multiple base IRIs
+ is potentially confusing for developers. It is also being discussed whether
+ relative IRIs are allowed as values of <code>@base</code> or whether
+ the empty string should be used to explicitly specify that there isn't
+ a base <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr>, which could be used to ensure that relative IRIs remain
+ relative when expanding.</p></div>
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Initialize <i>value</i> to the value associated with the
+ <code>@base</code> key.</li>
+ <li>If <i>value</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, remove the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri">base <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> of <i>result</i>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>value</i> is an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">absolute <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>,
+ the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri">base <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> of <i>result</i> is set to <i>value</i>.
+ If it is not an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">absolute <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-base-IRI">invalid base <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>If <i>context</i> has an <code>@vocab</code> key:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Initialize <i>value</i> to the value associated with the
+ <code>@vocab</code> key.</li>
+ <li>If <i>value</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, remove
+ any <a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">vocabulary mapping</a> from <i>result</i>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>value</i> is an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">absolute <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>,
+ the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">vocabulary mapping</a> of <i>result</i> is set
+ to <i>value</i>. If it is not an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">absolute <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-vocab-mapping">invalid vocab mapping</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>If <i>context</i> has an <code>@language</code> key:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Initialize <i>value</i> to the value associated with the
+ <code>@language</code> key.</li>
+ <li>If <i>value</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, remove
+ any <a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language">default language</a> from <i>result</i>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>value</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a>, the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language">default language</a> of <i>result</i> is set to
+ lowercased <i>value</i>. If it is not a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a>, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-default-language">invalid default language</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Create a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> <i>defined</i> to use to keep
+ track of whether or not a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> has already been defined
+ or currently being defined during recursion.</li>
+ <li>For each <i>key</i>-<i>value</i> pair in <i>context</i> where
+ <i>key</i> is not <code>@base</code>, <code>@vocab</code>, or
+ <code>@language</code>, invoke the
+ <a href="#create-term-definition">Create Term Definition algorithm</a>,
+ passing <i>result</i> for <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>,
+ <i>context</i> for <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a>, <i>key</i>,
+ and <i>defined</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Return <i>result</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+<!-- end of Context Processing -->
+
+
+ <section id="create-term-definition">
+ <h3><span class="secno">6.2 </span>Create Term Definition</h3>
+
+ <p>This algorithm is called from the
+ <a href="#context-processing-algorithm">Context Processing algorithm</a>
+ to create a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> in the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>
+ for a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> being processed in a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a>.</p>
+
+ <section class="informative">
+ <h4 id="general-solution-1">General Solution</h4><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+ <p><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">Term definitions</a> are created by
+ parsing the information in the given <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a> for the
+ given <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>. If the given <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> is a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">compact <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>, it may omit an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> mapping</a> by
+ depending on its <a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">prefix</a> having its own
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a>. If the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">prefix</a> is
+ a key in the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a>, then its <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a>
+ must first be created, through recursion, before continuing. Because a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> can depend on other
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definitions</a>, a mechanism must
+ be used to detect cyclical dependencies. The solution employed here
+ uses a map, <i>defined</i>, that keeps track of whether or not a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> has been defined or is currently in the process of
+ being defined. This map is checked before any recursion is attempted.</p>
+
+ <p>After all dependencies for a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> have been defined, the rest of
+ the information in the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a> for the given
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> is taken into account, creating the appropriate
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> mapping</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mapping</a>, and
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a> or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a> for the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>.</p>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <h4 id="algorithm-1">Algorithm</h4>
+
+ <p>The algorithm has four required inputs which are:
+ an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a>,
+ a <i>term</i>, and a map <i>defined</i>.</p>
+
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>defined</i> contains the key <i>term</i> and the associated
+ value is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> (indicating that the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> has already been created), return. Otherwise,
+ if the value is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">false</a>, a
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.cyclic-IRI-mapping">cyclic <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> mapping</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted.</li>
+ <li>Set the value associated with <i>defined</i>'s <i>term</i> key to
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">false</a>. This indicates that the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a>
+ is now being created but is not yet complete.</li>
+ <li>Since <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">keywords</a> cannot be overridden,
+ <i>term</i> must not be a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">keyword</a>. Otherwise, a
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.keyword-redefinition">keyword redefinition</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted.</li>
+ <li>Remove any existing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> for <i>term</i> in
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>.</li>
+ <li>Initialize <i>value</i> to the value associated with the key
+ <i>term</i> in <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>value</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a> or <i>value</i>
+ is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> containing the key-value pair
+ <code>@id</code>-<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, set the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> in <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> to
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, set the value associated with <i>defined</i>'s
+ key <i>term</i> to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a>, and return.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>value</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Expand <i>value</i> by setting it to the result of
+ using the <a href="#iri-expansion"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> Expansion algorithm</a>,
+ passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, <i>value</i>,
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> for <i>vocabRelative</i>,
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> for <i>documentRelative</i>,
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a>, and <i>defined</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>value</i> is <code>@context</code>, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-keyword-alias">invalid keyword alias</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted.</li>
+ <li>Set the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> mapping</a> for the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a>
+ for <i>term</i> in <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> to <i>value</i>,
+ set the value associated with <i>defined</i>'s key <i>term</i> to
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a>, and return.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Otherwise, <i>value</i> must be a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>, if not, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-term-definition">invalid term definition</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted.</li>
+ <li>Create a new <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a>, <i>definition</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>value</i> contains the key <code>@reverse</code>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>value</i> contains an <code>@id</code>, an
+ <code>@type</code>, or an <code>@language</code>, member, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-reverse-property">invalid reverse property</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted.</li>
+ <li>If the value associated with the <code>@reverse</code> key
+ is not a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a>, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-IRI-mapping">invalid <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> mapping</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, set the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> mapping</a> of <i>definition</i> to the
+ result of using the <a href="#iri-expansion"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> Expansion algorithm</a>,
+ passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, the value associated with
+ the <code>@reverse</code> key for <i>value</i>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a>
+ for <i>vocabRelative</i>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> for <i>documentRelative</i>,
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a>, and <i>defined</i>. If the result
+ is not an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">absolute <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>, i.e., it contains no
+ colon (<code>:</code>), an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-IRI-mapping">invalid <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> mapping</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted.</li>
+ <li>Set the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a> of <i>definition</i> to
+ <code>@id</code>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>value</i> contains an <code>@container</code> member,
+ set the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mapping</a> of <i>definition</i>
+ to <code>@index</code> if that is the value of the
+ <code>@container</code> member; otherwise an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-reverse-property">invalid reverse property</a></code>
+ error has been detected (reverse properties only support
+ index-containers) and processing is aborted.</li>
+ <li>Set the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="reverse-property" href="#dfn-reverse-property">reverse property</a> flag of <i>definition</i>
+ to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a>.</li>
+ <li>Set the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> of <i>term</i> in
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> to <i>definition</i> and the
+ value associated with <i>defined</i>'s key <i>term</i> to
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> and return.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Set the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="reverse-property" href="#dfn-reverse-property">reverse property</a> flag of <i>definition</i>
+ to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">false</a>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>value</i> contains the key <code>@id</code>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If the value associated with the <code>@id</code> key is not a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a>, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-IRI-mapping">invalid <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> mapping</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, set the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> mapping</a> of <i>definition</i> to the
+ result of using the <a href="#iri-expansion"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> Expansion algorithm</a>, passing
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, the value associated with the <code>@id</code> key for
+ <i>value</i>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> for <i>vocabRelative</i>,
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> for <i>documentRelative</i>,
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a>, and <i>defined</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ Otherwise if the <i>term</i> contains a colon (<code>:</code>):
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>term</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">compact <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> with a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">prefix</a> that is a key in <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a>
+ a dependency has been found. Use this algorithm recursively passing
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a>, the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">prefix</a> as <i>term</i>, and <i>defined</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>term</i>'s <a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">prefix</a> has a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> in <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, set
+ the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> mapping</a> of <i>definition</i> to the result of
+ concatenating the value associated with the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">prefix</a>'s
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> mapping</a> and the <i>term</i>'s <i>suffix</i>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, <i>term</i> is an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">absolute <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>. Set the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> mapping</a> of <i>definition</i> to <i>term</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> has a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">vocabulary mapping</a>, the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> mapping</a>
+ of <i>definition</i> is set to the result of concatenating the value
+ associated with the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">vocabulary mapping</a> and <i>term</i>.
+ If it does not have a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">vocabulary mapping</a>, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-IRI-mapping">invalid <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> mapping</a></code>
+ error been detected and processing is aborted.</li>
+ <li>If <i>value</i> contains the key <code>@type</code>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Initialize <i>type</i> to the value associated with the
+ <code>@type</code> key, which must be a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a>. Otherwise, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-type-mapping">invalid type mapping</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted.</li>
+ <li>Set <i>type</i> to the result of using the
+ <a href="#iri-expansion"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> Expansion algorithm</a>, passing
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, <i>type</i> for <i>value</i>,
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> for <i>vocabRelative</i>,
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> for <i>documentRelative</i>,
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a>, and <i>defined</i>. If the expanded <i>type</i> is
+ neither <code>@id</code>, nor <code>@vocab</code>, nor an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">absolute <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-type-mapping">invalid type mapping</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted.</li>
+ <li>Set the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a> for <i>definition</i> to <i>type</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>If <i>value</i> contains the key <code>@container</code>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Initialize <i>container</i> to the value associated with the
+ <code>@container</code> key, which must be either
+ <code>@list</code>, <code>@set</code>, <code>@index</code>,
+ or <code>@language</code>. Otherwise, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-container-mapping">invalid container mapping</a></code> error
+ has been detected and processing is aborted.</li>
+ <li>Set the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mapping</a> of <i>definition</i> to
+ <i>container</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>If <i>value</i> contains the key <code>@language</code> and
+ does not contain the key <code>@type</code>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Initialize <i>language</i> to the value associated with the
+ <code>@language</code> key, which must be either <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>
+ or a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a>. Otherwise, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-mapping">invalid language mapping</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted.</li>
+ <li>If <i>language</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a> set it to
+ lowercased <i>language</i>. Set the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a>
+ of <i>definition</i> to <i>language</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Set the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> of <i>term</i> in
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> to <i>definition</i> and set the value
+ associated with <i>defined</i>'s key <i>term</i> to
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+<!-- end of Term Creation -->
+
+
+ <section id="iri-expansion">
+ <h3><span class="secno">6.3 </span><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> Expansion</h3>
+
+ <p>In JSON-LD documents, some keys and values may represent
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">IRIs</a>. This section defines an algorithm for
+ transforming a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a> that represents an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> into
+ an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">absolute <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifier</a>.
+ It also covers transforming <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword-alias" href="#dfn-keyword-alias">keyword aliases</a>
+ into <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">keywords</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> expansion may occur during context processing or during
+ any of the other JSON-LD algorithms. If <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> expansion occurs during context
+ processing, then the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a> and its related <i>defined</i>
+ map from the <a href="#context-processing-algorithm">Context Processing algorithm</a>
+ are passed to this algorithm. This allows for <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a>
+ dependencies to be processed via the
+ <a href="#create-term-definition">Create Term Definition algorithm</a>.</p>
+
+ <section class="informative">
+ <h4 id="general-solution-2">General Solution</h4><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+ <p>In order to expand <i>value</i> to an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">absolute <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>, we must
+ first determine if it is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>, a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword-alias" href="#dfn-keyword-alias">keyword alias</a>, or some form of <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>. Based on what
+ we find, we handle the specific kind of expansion; for example, we expand
+ a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword-alias" href="#dfn-keyword-alias">keyword alias</a> to a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">keyword</a> and a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>
+ to an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">absolute <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> according to its <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> mapping</a>
+ in the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>. While inspecting <i>value</i> we
+ may also find that we need to create <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a>
+ dependencies because we're running this algorithm during context processing.
+ We can tell whether or not we're running during context processing by
+ checking <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a> against <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>.
+ We know we need to create a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> in the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> when <i>value</i> is
+ a key in the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a> and the <i>defined</i> map
+ does not have a key for <i>value</i> with an associated value of
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a>. The <i>defined</i> map is used during
+ <a href="#context-processing-algorithm">Context Processing</a> to keep track of
+ which <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">terms</a> have already been defined or are
+ in the process of being defined. We create a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> by using the
+ <a href="#create-term-definition">Create Term Definition algorithm</a>.</p>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <h4 id="algorithm-2">Algorithm</h4>
+
+ <p>The algorithm takes two required and four optional input variables. The
+ required inputs are an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> and a <i>value</i>
+ to be expanded. The optional inputs are two flags,
+ <i>documentRelative</i> and <i>vocabRelative</i>, that specifying
+ whether <i>value</i> can be interpreted as a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="relative-iri" href="#dfn-relative-iri">relative <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>
+ against the document's base <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> or the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context's</a>
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">vocabulary mapping</a>, respectively, and
+ a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a> and a map <i>defined</i> to be used when
+ this algorithm is used during <a href="#context-processing-algorithm">Context Processing</a>.
+ If not passed, the two flags are set to <code>false</code> and
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a> and <i>defined</i> are initialized to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>.</p>
+
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>value</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">keyword</a> or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>,
+ return <i>value</i> as is.</li>
+ <li>If <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a> is not <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, it contains
+ a key that equals <i>value</i>, and the value associated with the key
+ that equals <i>value</i> in <i>defined</i> is not <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a>,
+ invoke the <a href="#create-term-definition">Create Term Definition algorithm</a>,
+ passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a>,
+ <i>value</i> as <i>term</i>, and <i>defined</i>. This will ensure that
+ a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> is created for <i>value</i> in
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> during <a href="#context-processing-algorithm">Context Processing</a>.
+ </li>
+ <li>If <i>vocabRelative</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> and the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> has a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> for
+ <i>value</i>, return the associated <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> mapping</a>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>value</i> contains a colon (<code>:</code>),
+ it is either an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">absolute <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> or a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">compact <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Split <i>value</i> into a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">prefix</a> and <i>suffix</i>
+ at the first occurrence of a colon (<code>:</code>).</li>
+ <li>If <a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">prefix</a> is not underscore (<code>_</code>)
+ and <i>suffix</i> does not begin with double-forward-slash
+ (<code>//</code>), it may be a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">compact <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a> is not <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, it
+ contains a key that equals <a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">prefix</a>, and the value
+ associated with the key that equals <i>prefix</i> in <i>defined</i>
+ is not <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a>, invoke the
+ <a href="#create-term-definition">Create Term Definition algorithm</a>,
+ passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>,
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a>, <i>prefix</i> as <i>term</i>,
+ and <i>defined</i>. This will ensure that a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> is created for <a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">prefix</a>
+ in <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> during
+ <a href="#context-processing-algorithm">Context Processing</a>.</li>
+ <li>If <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> contains a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a>
+ for <a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">prefix</a>, return the result of concatenating
+ the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> mapping</a> associated with <a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">prefix</a> and
+ <i>suffix</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>value</i> does not contain a colon (<code>:</code>):
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>vocabRelative</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a>, and
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> has a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">vocabulary mapping</a>,
+ return the result of concatenating the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">vocabulary mapping</a>
+ with <i>value</i>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>documentRelative</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a>,
+ return the result of resolving <i>value</i> against
+ the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri">base <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>. Only the basic algorithm in
+ <cite><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-5.2">section 5.2</a></cite>
+ of [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3986">RFC3986</a></cite>] is used; neither
+ <cite><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-6.2.2">Syntax-Based Normalization</a></cite> nor
+ <cite><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-6.2.3">Scheme-Based Normalization</a></cite>
+ are performed. Characters additionally allowed in <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> references are treated
+ in the same way that unreserved characters are treated in URI references, per
+ <cite><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3987#section-6.5">section 6.5</a></cite>
+ of [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3987">RFC3987</a></cite>].</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li><li>If <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a> is not <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a> and
+ <i>value</i> is not an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">absolute <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-IRI-mapping">invalid <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> mapping</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, return <i>value</i> as is.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+<!-- end of IRI Expansion -->
+
+</section>
+<!-- end of Context Processing section -->
+
+
+
+<section id="expansion-algorithms">
+
+<!--OddPage-->
+<h2><span class="secno">7. </span>Expansion Algorithms</h2>
+
+ <section id="expansion-algorithm">
+ <h3><span class="secno">7.1 </span>Expansion Algorithm</h3>
+
+ <p>This algorithm expands a JSON-LD document, such that all <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a>
+ definitions are removed, all <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">terms</a> and
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">compact IRIs</a> are expanded to
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">absolute IRIs</a>,
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifiers</a>, or
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">keywords</a> and all
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-value" href="#dfn-json-ld-value">JSON-LD values</a> are expressed in
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">arrays</a> in <a class="tref internalDFN" title="expanded-form" href="#dfn-expanded-form">expanded form</a>.</p>
+
+ <section class="informative">
+ <h4 id="general-solution-3">General Solution</h4><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+ <p>Starting with its root <i>element</i>, we can process the
+ JSON-LD document recursively, until we have a fully
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="expansion" href="#dfn-expansion">expanded</a> <i>result</i>. When
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="expansion" href="#dfn-expansion">expanding</a> an <i>element</i>, we can treat
+ each one differently according to its type, in order to break down the
+ problem:</p>
+
+ <ol>
+ <li>If the <i>element</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, there is nothing
+ to expand.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>element</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="scalar" href="#dfn-scalar">scalar</a>, we expand it
+ according to the <a href="#value-expansion">Value Expansion algorithm</a>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if the <i>element</i> is an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>, then we expand
+ each of its items recursively and return them in a new
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, <i>element</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>. We expand
+ each of its keys, adding them to our <i>result</i>, and then we expand
+ each value for each key recursively. Some of the keys will be
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">terms</a> or
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">compact IRIs</a> and others will be
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">keywords</a> or simply ignored because
+ they do not have definitions in the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a>. Any
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">IRIs</a> will be expanded using the
+ <a href="#iri-expansion"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> Expansion algorithm</a>.
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+
+ <p>Finally, after ensuring <i>result</i> is in an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>,
+ we return <i>result</i>.</p>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <h4 id="algorithm-3">Algorithm</h4>
+
+ <p>The algorithm takes three input variables: an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>,
+ an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>, and an <i>element</i> to be expanded.
+ To begin, the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> is set to the result of performing,
+ <a href="#context-processing-algorithm">Context Processing</a> on the passed
+ <code class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-expandContext">expandContext</a></code>,
+ or empty if <code class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-expandContext">expandContext</a></code>
+ is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a> is set to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>,
+ and <i>element</i> is set to the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-input" href="#dfn-json-ld-input">JSON-LD input</a>.</p>
+
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>element</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, return <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>element</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="scalar" href="#dfn-scalar">scalar</a>,
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a> or <code>@graph</code>,
+ drop the free-floating <a class="tref internalDFN" title="scalar" href="#dfn-scalar">scalar</a> by returning <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>.</li>
+ <li>Return the result of the
+ <a href="#value-expansion">Value Expansion algorithm</a>, passing the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>, and
+ <i>element</i> as <i>value</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>If <i>element</i> is an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>,
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Initialize an empty array, <i>result</i>.</li>
+ <li>For each <i>item</i> in <i>element</i>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Initialize <i>expanded item</i> to the result of using this
+ algorithm recursively, passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>,
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>, and <i>item</i> as <i>element</i>.</li>
+ <li>If the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a> is <code>@list</code> or its
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mapping</a> is set to <code>@list</code>, the
+ <i>expanded item</i> must not be an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> or a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">list object</a>, otherwise a
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.list-of-lists">list of lists</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted.</li>
+ <li>If <i>expanded item</i> is an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>, append each
+ of its items to <i>result</i>. Otherwise, if
+ <i>expanded item</i> is not null, append it to <i>result</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Return <i>result</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Otherwise <i>element</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>element</i> contains the key <code>@context</code>, set
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> to the result of the
+ <a href="#context-processing-algorithm">Context Processing algorithm</a>,
+ passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> and the value of the
+ <code>@context</code> key as <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a>.</li>
+ <li>Initialize an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>, <i>result</i>.</li>
+ <li>For each <i>key</i> and <i>value</i> in <i>element</i>,
+ ordered lexicographically by <i>key</i>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>key</i> is <code>@context</code>, continue to
+ the next <i>key</i>.</li>
+ <li>Set <i>expanded property</i> to the result of
+ using the <a href="#iri-expansion"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> Expansion algorithm</a>,
+ passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, <i>key</i> for
+ <i>value</i>, and <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> for <i>vocabRelative</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>expanded property</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a> or it neither
+ contains a colon (<code>:</code>) nor it is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">keyword</a>,
+ drop <i>key</i> by continuing to the next <i>key</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>expanded property</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">keyword</a>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a> equals <code>@reverse</code>, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-reverse-property-map">invalid reverse property map</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted.</li>
+ <li>If <i>result</i> has already an <i>expanded property</i> member, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.colliding-keywords">colliding keywords</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted.</li>
+ <li>If <i>expanded property</i> is <code>@id</code> and
+ <i>value</i> is not a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a>, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--id-value">invalid @id value</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted. Otherwise,
+ set <i>expanded value</i> to the result of using the
+ <a href="#iri-expansion"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> Expansion algorithm</a>,
+ passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, <i>value</i>, and <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a>
+ for <i>documentRelative</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>expanded property</i> is <code>@type</code> and <i>value</i>
+ is neither a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a> nor an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> of
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">strings</a>, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-type-value">invalid type value</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted. Otherwise,
+ set <i>expanded value</i> to the result of using the
+ <a href="#iri-expansion"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> Expansion algorithm</a>, passing
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> for <i>vocabRelative</i>,
+ and <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> for <i>documentRelative</i> to expand the <i>value</i>
+ or each of its items.</li>
+ <li>If <i>expanded property</i> is <code>@graph</code>, set
+ <i>expanded value</i> to the result of using this algorithm
+ recursively passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, <code>@graph</code>
+ for <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>, and <i>value</i> for <i>element</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>expanded property</i> is <code>@value</code> and
+ <i>value</i> is not a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="scalar" href="#dfn-scalar">scalar</a> or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-value-object-value">invalid value object value</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted. Otherwise,
+ set <i>expanded value</i> to <i>value</i>. If <i>expanded value</i>
+ is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, set the <code>@value</code>
+ member of <i>result</i> to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a> and continue with the
+ next <i>key</i> from <i>element</i>. Null values need to be preserved
+ in this case as the meaning of an <code>@type</code> member depends
+ on the existence of an <code>@value</code> member.</li>
+ <li>If <i>expanded property</i> is <code>@language</code> and
+ <i>value</i> is not a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a>, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-tagged-string">invalid language-tagged string</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted. Otherwise,
+ set <i>expanded value</i> to lowercased <i>value</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>expanded property</i> is <code>@index</code> and
+ <i>value</i> is not a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a>, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--index-value">invalid @index value</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted. Otherwise,
+ set <i>expanded value</i> to <i>value</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>expanded property</i> is <code>@list</code>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a> or
+ <code>@graph</code>, continue with the next <i>key</i>
+ from <i>element</i> to remove the free-floating list..</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, initialize <i>expanded value</i> to the result of using
+ this algorithm recursively passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>,
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>, and <i>value</i> for <i>element</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>expanded value</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">list object</a>, a
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.list-of-lists">list of lists</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>If <i>expanded property</i> is <code>@set</code>, set
+ <i>expanded value</i> to the result of using this algorithm
+ recursively, passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>,
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>, and <i>value</i> for
+ <i>element</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>expanded property</i> is <code>@reverse</code> and
+ <i>value</i> is not a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--reverse-value">invalid @reverse value</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted. Otherwise
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Initialize <i>expanded value</i> to the result of using this
+ algorithm recursively, passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>,
+ <code>@reverse</code> as <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>, and
+ <i>value</i> as <i>element</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>expanded value</i> contains an <code>@reverse</code> member,
+ i.e., properties that are reversed twice, execute for each of its
+ <i>property</i> and <i>item</i> the following steps:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>result</i> does not have a <i>property</i> member, create
+ one and set its value to an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>.</li>
+ <li>Append <i>item</i> to the value of the <i>property</i> member
+ of <i>result</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>If <i>expanded value</i> contains members other than <code>@reverse</code>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>result</i> does not have an <code>@reverse</code> member, create
+ one and set its value to an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>.</li>
+ <li>Reference the value of the <code>@reverse</code> member in <i>result</i>
+ using the variable <i>reverse map</i>.</li>
+ <li>For each <i>property</i> and <i>items</i> in <i>expanded value</i>
+ other than <code>@reverse</code>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>For each <i>item</i> in <i>items</i>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>item</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object">value object</a> or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">list object</a>, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--reverse-value">invalid reverse property value</a></code>
+ has been detected and processing is aborted.</li>
+ <li>If <i>reverse map</i> has no <i>property</i> member, create one
+ and initialize its value to an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>.</li>
+ <li>Append <i>item</i> to the value of the <i>property</i>
+ member in <i>reverse map</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Continue with the next <i>key</i> from <i>element</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Unless <i>expanded value</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, set
+ the <i>expanded property</i> member of <i>result</i> to
+ <i>expanded value</i>.</li>
+ <li>Continue with the next <i>key</i> from <i>element.</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>key</i>'s <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mapping</a> in
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> is <code>@language</code> and
+ <i>value</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> then <i>value</i>
+ is expanded from a <a class="tref externalDFN" title="language-map" href="../json-ld-syntax/#dfn-language-map">language map</a>
+ as follows:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Initialize <i>expanded value</i> to an empty
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>.</li>
+ <li>For each key-value pair <i>language</i>-<i>language value</i>
+ in <i>value</i>, ordered lexicographically by <i>language</i>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>language value</i> is not an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>
+ set it to an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> containing only
+ <i>language value</i>.</li>
+ <li>For each <i>item</i> in <i>language value</i>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li><i>item</i> must be a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a>,
+ otherwise an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-map-value">invalid language map value</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted.</li>
+ <li>Append a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> to
+ <i>expanded value</i> that consists of two
+ key-value pairs: (<code>@value</code>-<i>item</i>)
+ and (<code>@language</code>-lowercased
+ <i>language</i>).</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>key</i>'s <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mapping</a> in
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> is <code>@index</code> and
+ <i>value</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> then <i>value</i>
+ is expanded from an index map as follows:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Initialize <i>expanded value</i> to an empty
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>.</li>
+ <li>For each key-value pair <i>index</i>-<i>index value</i>
+ in <i>value</i>, ordered lexicographically by <i>index</i>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>index value</i> is not an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>
+ set it to an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> containing only
+ <i>index value</i>.</li>
+ <li>Initialize <i>index value</i> to the result of
+ using this algorithm recursively, passing
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>,
+ <i>key</i> as <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>,
+ and <i>index value</i> as <i>element</i>.</li>
+ <li>For each <i>item</i> in <i>index value</i>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>item</i> does not have the key
+ <code>@index</code>, add the key-value pair
+ (<code>@index</code>-<i>index</i>) to
+ <i>item</i>.</li>
+ <li>Append <i>item</i> to <i>expanded value</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Otherwise, initialize <i>expanded value</i> to the result of
+ using this algorithm recursively, passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>,
+ <i>key</i> for <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>, and <i>value</i>
+ for <i>element</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>expanded value</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, ignore <i>key</i>
+ by continuing to the next <i>key</i> from <i>element</i>.</li>
+ <li>If the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mapping</a> associated to <i>key</i> in
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> is <code>@list</code> and
+ <i>expanded value</i> is not already a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">list object</a>,
+ convert <i>expanded value</i> to a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">list object</a>
+ by first setting it to an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> containing only
+ <i>expanded value</i> if it is not already an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>,
+ and then by setting it to a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> containing
+ the key-value pair <code>@list</code>-<i>expanded value</i>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> associated to
+ <i>key</i> indicates that it is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="reverse-property" href="#dfn-reverse-property">reverse property</a>
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>result</i> has no <code>@reverse</code> member, create
+ one and initialize its value to an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>.</li>
+ <li>Reference the value of the <code>@reverse</code> member in <i>result</i>
+ using the variable <i>reverse map</i>.
+ </li><li>If <i>expanded value</i> is not an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>, set
+ it to an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> containing <i>expanded value</i>.</li>
+ <li>For each <i>item</i> in <i>expanded value</i>
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>item</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object">value object</a> or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">list object</a>, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--reverse-value">invalid reverse property value</a></code>
+ has been detected and processing is aborted.</li>
+ <li>If <i>reverse map</i> has no <i>expanded property</i> member,
+ create one and initialize its value to an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>.</li>
+ <li>Append <i>item</i> to the value of the <i>expanded property</i>
+ member of <i>reverse map</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>key</i> is not a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="reverse-property" href="#dfn-reverse-property">reverse property</a>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>result</i> does not have an <i>expanded property</i>
+ member, create one and initialize its value to an empty
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>.</li>
+ <li>Append <i>expanded value</i> to value of the <i>expanded property</i>
+ member of <i>result</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>If <i>result</i> contains the key <code>@value</code>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>The <i>result</i> must not contain any keys other than
+ <code>@value</code>, <code>@language</code>, <code>@type</code>,
+ and <code>@index</code>. It must not contain both the
+ <code>@language</code> key and the <code>@type</code> key.
+ Otherwise, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-value-object">invalid value object</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted.</li>
+ <li>If the value of <i>result</i>'s <code>@value</code> key is
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, then set <i>result</i> to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if the value of <i>result</i>'s <code>@value</code> member
+ is not a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a> and <i>result</i> contains the key
+ <code>@language</code>, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-tagged-value">invalid language-tagged value</a></code>
+ error has been detected (only <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">strings</a>
+ can be language-tagged) and processing is aborted.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if the <i>result</i> has a <code>@type</code> member
+ and its value is not a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a>, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-typed-value">invalid typed value</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>result</i> contains the key <code>@type</code>
+ and its associated value is not an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>, set it to
+ an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> containing only the associated value.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>result</i> contains the key <code>@set</code>
+ or <code>@list</code>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>The <i>result</i> must contain at most one other key and that
+ key must be <code>@index</code>. Otherwise, an
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-set-or-list-object">invalid set or list object</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted.</li>
+ <li>If <i>result</i> contains the key <code>@set</code>, then
+ set <i>result</i> to the key's associated value.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>If <i>result</i> contains only the key
+ <code>@language</code>, set <i>result</i> to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>.</li>
+ <li>If <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a> or <code>@graph</code>,
+ drop free-floating values as follows:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>result</i> is an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> or contains
+ the keys <code>@value</code> or <code>@list</code>, set <i>result</i> to
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>result</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> whose only
+ key is <code>@id</code>, set <i>result</i> to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Return <i>result</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+
+ <p>If, after the above algorithm is run, the result is a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> that contains only an <code>@graph</code> key, set the
+ result to the value of <code>@graph</code>'s value. Otherwise, if the result
+ is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, set it to an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>. Finally, if
+ the result is not an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>, then set the result to an
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> containing only the result.</p>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+<!-- end of Expansion Algorithm -->
+
+
+
+ <section id="value-expansion">
+ <h3><span class="secno">7.2 </span>Value Expansion</h3>
+
+ <p>Some values in JSON-LD can be expressed in a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="compacted-form" href="#dfn-compacted-form">compact form</a>. These values are required
+ to be <a class="tref internalDFN" title="expansion" href="#dfn-expansion">expanded</a> at times when processing
+ JSON-LD documents. A value is said to be in <dfn title="expanded-form" id="dfn-expanded-form">expanded form</dfn>
+ after the application of this algorithm.</p>
+
+ <section class="informative">
+ <h4 id="general-solution-4">General Solution</h4><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+ <p>If <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a> has a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a> in the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> set to <code>@id</code> or <code>@vocab</code>,
+ a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> with a single member <code>@id</code> whose
+ values is the result of using the
+ <a href="#iri-expansion"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> Expansion algorithm</a> on <i>value</i>
+ is returned.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the result will be a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> containing
+ an <code>@value</code> member whose value is the passed <i>value</i>.
+ Additionally, an <code>@type</code> member will be included if there is a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a> associated with the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>
+ or an <code>@language</code> member if <i>value</i> is a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a> and there is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a> associated
+ with the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>.</p>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <h4 id="algorithm-4">Algorithm</h4>
+
+ <p>The algorithm takes three required inputs: an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>,
+ an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>, and a <i>value</i> to expand.</p>
+
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a> has a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a>
+ in <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> that is <code>@id</code>, return a new
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> containing a single key-value pair where the
+ key is <code>@id</code> and the value is the result of using the
+ <a href="#iri-expansion"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> Expansion algorithm</a>, passing
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, <i>value</i>, and <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> for
+ <i>documentRelative</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a> has a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a> in
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> that is <code>@vocab</code>, return
+ a new <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> containing a single key-value pair
+ where the key is <code>@id</code> and the value is the result of
+ using the <a href="#iri-expansion"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> Expansion algorithm</a>, passing
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, <i>value</i>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> for
+ <i>vocabRelative</i>, and <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> for
+ <i>documentRelative</i>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, initialize <i>result</i> to a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>
+ with an <code>@value</code> member whose value is set to
+ <i>value</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a> has a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a> in
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, add an <code>@type</code> member to
+ <i>result</i> and set its value to the value associated with the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>value</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a> is associated with
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a> in <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>,
+ add an <code>@language</code> to <i>result</i> and set its
+ value to the language code associated with the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a>; unless the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a> is set to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a> in
+ which case no member is added.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> has a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language">default language</a>, add an <code>@language</code>
+ to <i>result</i> and set its value to the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language">default language</a>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Return <i>result</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+<!-- end of Value Expansion -->
+
+
+</section>
+<!-- end of Expansion section -->
+
+
+
+<section id="compaction-algorithms">
+
+<!--OddPage-->
+<h2><span class="secno">8. </span>Compaction Algorithms</h2>
+
+ <section id="compaction-algorithm">
+ <h3><span class="secno">8.1 </span>Compaction Algorithm</h3>
+
+ <p>This algorithm compacts a JSON-LD document, such that the given
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a> is applied. This must result in shortening
+ any applicable <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">IRIs</a> to
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">terms</a> or
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">compact IRIs</a>, any applicable
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">keywords</a> to
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword-alias" href="#dfn-keyword-alias">keyword aliases</a>, and
+ any applicable <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-value" href="#dfn-json-ld-value">JSON-LD values</a>
+ expressed in <a class="tref internalDFN" title="expanded-form" href="#dfn-expanded-form">expanded form</a> to simple values such as
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">strings</a> or
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">numbers</a>.</p>
+
+ <section class="informative">
+ <h4 id="general-solution-5">General Solution</h4><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+ <p>Starting with its root <i>element</i>, we can process the
+ JSON-LD document recursively, until we have a fully
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="compaction" href="#dfn-compaction">compacted</a> <i>result</i>. When
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="compaction" href="#dfn-compaction">compacting</a> an <i>element</i>, we can treat
+ each one differently according to its type, in order to break down the
+ problem:</p>
+
+ <ol>
+ <li>If the <i>element</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="scalar" href="#dfn-scalar">scalar</a>, it is
+ already in <a class="tref internalDFN" title="compacted-form" href="#dfn-compacted-form">compacted form</a>, so we simply return it.</li>
+ <li>If the <i>element</i> is an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>, we compact
+ each of its items recursively and return them in a new
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise <i>element</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>. The value
+ of each key in element is compacted recursively. Some of the keys will be
+ compacted, using the <a href="#iri-compaction"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> Compaction algorithm</a>,
+ to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">terms</a> or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">compact IRIs</a>
+ and others will be compacted from <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">keywords</a> to
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword-alias" href="#dfn-keyword-alias">keyword aliases</a> or simply left
+ unchanged because they do not have definitions in the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a>.
+ Values will be converted to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="compacted-form" href="#dfn-compacted-form">compacted form</a> via the
+ <a href="#value-compaction">Value Compaction algorithm</a>. Some data
+ will be reshaped based on <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mappings</a>
+ specified in the context such as <code>@index</code> or <code>@language</code>
+ maps.</li>
+ </ol>
+
+ <p>The final output is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> with a <code>@context</code>
+ key, if a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a> was given, where the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>
+ is either <i>result</i> or a wrapper for it where <i>result</i> appears
+ as the value of an (aliased) <code>@graph</code> key because <i>result</i>
+ contained two or more items in an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>.</p>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <h4 id="algorithm-5">Algorithm</h4>
+
+ <p>The algorithm takes five required input variables: an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>,
+ an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a>, an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>, an
+ <i>element</i> to be compacted, and a flag
+ <code class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-compactArrays">compactArrays</a></code>.
+ To begin, the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> is set to the result of
+ performing <a href="#context-processing-algorithm">Context Processing</a>
+ on the passed <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a>, the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a> is
+ set to the result of performing the
+ <a href="#inverse-context-creation">Inverse Context Creation algorithm</a>
+ on <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a> is
+ set to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, <i>element</i> is set to the result of
+ performing the <a href="#expansion-algorithm">Expansion algorithm</a>
+ on the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-input" href="#dfn-json-ld-input">JSON-LD input</a>, and, if not passed,
+ <code class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-compactArrays">compactArrays</a></code>
+ is set to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a>.</p>
+
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>element</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="scalar" href="#dfn-scalar">scalar</a>, it is already in its most
+ compact form, so simply return <i>element</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>element</i> is an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Initialize <i>result</i> to an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>.</li>
+ <li>For each <i>item</i> in <i>element</i>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Initialize <i>compacted item</i> to the result of using this
+ algorithm recursively, passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>,
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>, and
+ em>item for <i>element</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>compacted item</i> is not <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, then append
+ it to <i>result</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>If <i>result</i> contains only one item (it has a length of
+ <code>1</code>), <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a> has no
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mapping</a> in <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, and
+ <code class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-compactArrays">compactArrays</a></code>
+ is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a>, set <i>result</i> to its only item.</li>
+ <li>Return <i>result</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Otherwise <i>element</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>element</i> has an <code>@value</code> or <code>@id</code>
+ member and the result of using the
+ <a href="#value-compaction">Value Compaction algorithm</a>,
+ passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a>,
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>,and <i>element</i> as <i>value</i> is
+ a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="scalar" href="#dfn-scalar">scalar</a>, return that result.</li>
+ <li>Initialize <i>inside reverse</i> to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> if
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a> equals <code>@reverse</code>,
+ otherwise to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">false</a>.</li>
+ <li>Initialize <i>result</i> to an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>.</li>
+ <li>For each key <i>expanded property</i> and value <i>expanded value</i>
+ in <i>element</i>, ordered lexicographically by <i>expanded property</i>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>expanded property</i> is <code>@id</code> or
+ <code>@type</code>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>expanded value</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a>,
+ then initialize <i>compacted value</i> to the result
+ of using the <a href="#iri-compaction"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> Compaction algorithm</a>,
+ passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a>,
+ <i>expanded value</i> for <i>iri</i>,
+ and <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> for <i>vocabRelative</i> if
+ <i>expanded property</i> is <code>@type</code>,
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">false</a> otherwise.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, <i>expanded value</i> must be a
+ <code>@type</code> <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Initialize <i>compacted value</i> to an empty
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>.</li>
+ <li>For each item <i>expanded type</i> in
+ <i>expanded value</i>, append the result of
+ of using the <a href="#iri-compaction"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> Compaction algorithm</a>,
+ passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a>,
+ <i>expanded type</i> for <i>iri</i>, and
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> for <i>vocabRelative</i>,
+ to <i>compacted value</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>compacted value</i> contains only one
+ item (it has a length of <code>1</code>), then
+ set <i>compacted value</i> to its only item.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Initialize <i>alias</i> to the result of using the
+ <a href="#iri-compaction"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> Compaction algorithm</a>,
+ passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a>, and
+ <i>expanded property</i> for <i>iri</i>.</li>
+ <li>Add a member <i>alias</i> to <i>result</i> whose value is
+ set to <i>compacted value</i> and continue to the next
+ <i>expanded property</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>If <i>expanded property</i> is <code>@reverse</code>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Initialize <i>compacted value</i> to the result of using this
+ algorithm recursively, passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>,
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a>, <code>@reverse</code> for
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>, and <i>expanded value</i>
+ for <i>element</i>.</li>
+ <li>For each <i>property</i> and <i>value</i> in <i>compacted value</i>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> for <i>property</i> in the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> indicates that <i>property</i> is
+ a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="reverse-property" href="#dfn-reverse-property">reverse property</a>
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If
+ <code class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-compactArrays">compactArrays</a></code>
+ is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">false</a> and <i>value</i> is not an
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>, set <i>value</i> to a new
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> containing only <i>value</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>property</i> is not a member of
+ <i>result</i>, add one and set its value to <i>value</i>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if the value of the <i>property</i> member of
+ <i>result</i> is not an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>, set it to a new
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> containing only the value. Then
+ append <i>value</i> to its value if <i>value</i>
+ is not an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>, otherwise append each
+ of its items.</li>
+ <li>Remove the <i>property</i> member from
+ <i>compacted value</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>If <i>compacted value</i> has some remaining members, i.e.,
+ it is not an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Initialize <i>alias</i> to the result of using the
+ <a href="#iri-compaction"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> Compaction algorithm</a>,
+ passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a>, and
+ <code>@reverse</code> for <i>iri</i>.</li>
+ <li>Set the value of the <i>alias</i> member of <i>result</i> to
+ <i>compacted value</i> and continue with the next
+ <i>expanded property</i> from <i>element</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li></ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>If <i>expanded property</i> is <code>@index</code> and
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a> has a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mapping</a>
+ in <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> that is <code>@index</code>,
+ then the compacted result will be inside of an <code>@index</code>
+ container, drop the <code>@index</code> property by continuing
+ to the next <i>expanded property</i>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>expanded property</i> is <code>@index</code>,
+ <code>@value</code>, or <code>@language</code>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Initialize <i>alias</i> to the result of using
+ the <a href="#iri-compaction"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> Compaction algorithm</a>,
+ passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a>, and
+ <i>expanded property</i> for <i>iri</i>.</li>
+ <li>Add a member <i>alias</i> to <i>result</i> whose value is
+ set to <i>expanded value</i> and continue with the next
+ <i>expanded property</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>If <i>expanded value</i> is an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Initialize <i>item active property</i> to the result of
+ using the <a href="#iri-compaction"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> Compaction algorithm</a>,
+ passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a>,
+ <i>expanded property</i> for <i>iri</i>,
+ <i>expanded value</i> for <i>value</i>,
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> for <i>vocabRelative</i>, and
+ <i>inside reverse</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>result</i> does not have the key that equals
+ <i>item active property</i>, set this key's value in
+ <i>result</i> to an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>. Otherwise, if
+ the key's value is not an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>, then set it
+ to one containing only the value.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ At this point, <i>expanded value</i> must be an
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> due to the
+ <a href="#expansion-algorithm">Expansion algorithm</a>.
+ For each item <i>expanded item</i> in <i>expanded value</i>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Initialize <i>item active property</i> to the result of using
+ the <a href="#iri-compaction"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> Compaction algorithm</a>,
+ passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a>,
+ <i>expanded property</i> for <i>iri</i>,
+ <i>expanded item</i> for <i>value</i>,
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> for <i>vocabRelative</i>, and
+ <i>inside reverse</i>.</li>
+ <li>Initialize <i>container</i> to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>. If there
+ is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mapping</a> for
+ <i>item active property</i> in <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>,
+ set <i>container</i> to its value.</li>
+ <li>Initialize <i>compacted item</i> to the result of using
+ this algorithm recursively, passing
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a>,
+ <i>item active property</i> for <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>,
+ <i>expanded item</i> for <i>element</i> if it does
+ not contain the key <code>@list</code>, otherwise pass
+ the key's associated value for <i>element</i>.</li>
+ <li>
+ If <i>expanded item</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">list object</a>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>compacted item</i> is not an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>,
+ then set it to an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> containing only
+ <i>compacted item</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>container</i> is not <code>@list</code>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Convert <i>compacted item</i> to a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">list object</a> by setting it to a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> containing key-value pair
+ where the key is the result of the
+ <a href="#iri-compaction"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> Compaction algorithm</a>,
+ passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a>,
+ <code>@list</code> for <i>iri</i>, and <i>compacted item</i>
+ for <i>value</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>expanded item</i> contains the key
+ <code>@index</code>, then add a key-value pair
+ to <i>compacted item</i> where the key is the
+ result of the <a href="#iri-compaction"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> Compaction algorithm</a>,
+ passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a>,
+ <code>@index</code> as <i>iri</i>, and the associated with the
+ <code>@index</code> key in <i>expanded item</i> as <i>value</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Otherwise, <i>item active property</i> must not be a key
+ in <i>result</i> because there cannot be two
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">list objects</a> associated
+ with an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a> that has a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mapping</a>; a
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.compaction-to-list-of-lists">compaction to list of lists</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ If <i>container</i> is <code>@language</code> or
+ <code>@index</code>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>item active property</i> is a key in
+ <i>result</i>, then initialize <i>map object</i> to
+ its associated value, otherwise initialize it to an empty
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>container</i> is <code>@language</code> and
+ <i>compacted item</i> contains the key
+ <code>@value</code>, then set <i>compacted item</i>
+ to the value associated with its <code>@value</code> key.</li>
+ <li>Initialize <i>map key</i> to the value associated with
+ with the key that equals <i>container</i> in
+ <i>expanded item</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>map key</i> is not a key in <i>map object</i>,
+ then set this key's value in <i>map object</i>
+ to <i>compacted item</i>. Otherwise, if the value
+ is not an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>, then set it to one
+ containing only the value and then append
+ <i>compacted item</i> to it.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ Otherwise,
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If
+ <code class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-compactArrays">compactArrays</a></code>
+ is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">false</a>, <i>container</i> is <code>@set</code> or
+ <code>@list</code>, or <i>expanded property</i> is
+ <code>@list</code> or <code>@graph</code> and
+ <i>compacted item</i> is not an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>,
+ set it to a new <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>
+ containing only <i>compacted item</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>item active property</i> is not a key in
+ <i>result</i> then add the key-value pair,
+ (<i>item active property</i>-<i>compacted item</i>),
+ to <i>result</i>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if the value associated with the key that
+ equals <i>item active property</i> in <i>result</i>
+ is not an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>, set it to a new
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> containing only the value. Then
+ append <i>compacted item</i> to the value if
+ <i>compacted item</i> is not an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>,
+ otherwise, concatenate it.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Return <i>result</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+
+ <p>If, after the algorithm outlined above is run, the result <i>result</i>
+ is an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>, replace it with a new
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> with a single member whose key is the result
+ of using the <a href="#iri-compaction"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> Compaction algorithm</a>,
+ passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a>, and
+ <code>@graph</code> as <i>iri</i> and whose value is the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>
+ <i>result</i>. Finally, if a <i>context</i> has been passed, add an
+ <code>@context</code> member to <i>result</i> and set its value to
+ the passed <i>context</i>.</p>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+<!-- end of Compaction -->
+
+
+ <section id="inverse-context-creation">
+ <h3><span class="secno">8.2 </span>Inverse Context Creation</h3>
+
+ <p>When there is more than one <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> that could be chosen
+ to compact an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>, it has to be ensured that the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>
+ selection is both deterministic and represents the most context-appropriate
+ choice whilst taking into consideration algorithmic complexity.</p>
+
+ <p>In order to make <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> selections, the concept of an
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a> is introduced. An <dfn title="inverse-context" id="dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</dfn>
+ is essentially a reverse lookup table that maps
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mappings</a>,
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mappings</a>, and
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mappings</a> to a simple
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> for a given <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>. A
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a> only needs to be generated for an
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> if it is being used for <a class="tref internalDFN" title="compaction" href="#dfn-compaction">compaction</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>To make use of an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a>, a list of preferred
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mappings</a> and the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a> or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a> are gathered
+ for a particular value associated with an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>. These parameters
+ are then fed to the <a href="#term-selection">Term Selection algorithm</a>,
+ which will find the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> that most appropriately
+ matches the value's mappings.</p>
+
+ <section class="informative">
+ <h4 id="general-solution-6">General Solution</h4><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+ <p>To create an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a> for a given
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, each <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> in the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> is visited, ordered by length, shortest
+ first (ties are broken by choosing the lexicographically least
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>). For each <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>, an entry is added to
+ the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a> for each possible combination of
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mapping</a> and <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a>
+ or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a> that would legally match the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>. Illegal matches include differences between a
+ value's <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a> or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a> and
+ that of the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>. If a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> has no
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mapping</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a>, or
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a> (or some combination of these), then it
+ will have an entry in the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a> using the special
+ key <code>@none</code>. This allows the
+ <a href="#term-selection">Term Selection algorithm</a> to fall back
+ to choosing more generic <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">terms</a> when a more
+ specifically-matching <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> is not available for a particular
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> and value combination.</p>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <h4 id="algorithm-6">Algorithm</h4>
+
+ <p>The algorithm takes one required input: the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> that
+ the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a> is being created for.</p>
+
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Initialize <i>result</i> to an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>.</li>
+ <li>Initialize <i>defaultLanguage</i> to <code>@none</code>. If the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> has a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language">default language</a>,
+ set <i>defaultLanguage</i> to it.</li>
+ <li>For each key <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> and value <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> in
+ the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, ordered by shortest <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>
+ first (breaking ties by choosing the lexicographically least
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>):
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>,
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> cannot be selected during <a class="tref internalDFN" title="compaction" href="#dfn-compaction">compaction</a>,
+ so continue to the next <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>.</li>
+ <li>Initialize <i>container</i> to <code>@none</code>. If there
+ is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mapping</a> in
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a>, set <i>container</i> to
+ its associated value.</li>
+ <li>Initialize <i>iri</i> to the value of the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> mapping</a>
+ for the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>iri</i> is not a key in <i>result</i>, add
+ a key-value pair where the key is <i>iri</i> and the value
+ is an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> to <i>result</i>.</li>
+ <li>Reference the value associated with the <i>iri</i> member in
+ <i>result</i> using the variable <i>container map</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>container</i> has no <i>container map</i> member,
+ create one and set its value to a new
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> with two members. The first member is
+ <code>@language</code> and its value is a new empty
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>, the second member is <code>@type</code>
+ and its value is a new empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>.</li>
+ <li>Reference the value associated with the <i>container</i> member
+ in <i>container map</i> using the variable <i>typeOrLanguage map</i>.</li>
+ <li>If the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> indicates that the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>
+ represents a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="reverse-property" href="#dfn-reverse-property">reverse property</a>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Reference the value associated with the <code>@type</code>
+ member in <i>typeOrLanguage map</i> using the variable
+ <i>type map</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>type map</i> does not have a <code>@reverse</code>
+ member, create one and set its value to the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>
+ being processed.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> has a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Reference the value associated with the <code>@type</code>
+ member in <i>typeOrLanguage map</i> using the variable
+ <i>type map</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>type map</i> does not have a member corresponding
+ to the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a> in <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a>,
+ create one and set its value to the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>
+ being processed.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> has a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a> (might be <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>):
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Reference the value associated with the <code>@language</code>
+ member in <i>typeOrLanguage map</i> using the variable
+ <i>language map</i>.</li>
+ <li>If the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a> equals <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>,
+ set <i>language</i> to <code>@null</code>; otherwise set it
+ to the language code in <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>language map</i> does not have a <i>language</i> member,
+ create one and set its value to the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>
+ being processed.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Otherwise:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Reference the value associated with the <code>@language</code>
+ member in <i>typeOrLanguage map</i> using the variable
+ <i>language map</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>language map</i> does not have a <i>defaultLanguage</i>
+ member, create one and set its value to the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>
+ being processed.</li>
+ <li>If <i>language map</i> does not have a <code>@none</code>
+ member, create one and set its value to the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>
+ being processed.</li>
+ <li>Reference the value associated with the <code>@type</code>
+ member in <i>typeOrLanguage map</i> using the variable
+ <i>type map</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>type map</i> does not have a <code>@none</code>
+ member, create one and set its value to the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>
+ being processed.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Return <i>result</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+<!-- end of Inverse Context Creation -->
+
+
+ <section id="iri-compaction">
+ <h3><span class="secno">8.3 </span><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> Compaction</h3>
+
+ <p>This algorithm compacts an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> to a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> or
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">compact <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>, or a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">keyword</a> to a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword-alias" href="#dfn-keyword-alias">keyword alias</a>. A value that is associated with the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> may be passed in order to assist in selecting the most
+ context-appropriate <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>.</p>
+
+ <section class="informative">
+ <h4 id="general-solution-7">General Solution</h4><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+ <p>If the passed <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, we simply
+ return <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>. Otherwise, we first try to find a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>
+ that the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">keyword</a> can be compacted to if
+ it is relative to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context's</a>
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">vocabulary mapping</a>. In order to select the most appropriate
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>, we may have to collect information about the passed
+ <i>value</i>. This information includes whic
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mappings</a>
+ would be preferred for expressing the <i>value</i>, and what its
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a> or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a> is. For
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">JSON-LD lists</a>, the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a>
+ or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a> will be chosen based on the most
+ specific values that work for all items in the list. Once this
+ information is gathered, it is passed to the
+ <a href="#term-selection">Term Selection algorithm</a>, which will
+ return the most appropriate <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> to use.</p>
+
+ <p>If no <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> was found that could be used to compact the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>, then an attempt is made to find a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">compact <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>
+ to use. If there is no appropriate <a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">compact <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>, then, if
+ the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> is relative to
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context's</a>
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">vocabulary mapping</a>, then it is used. Otherwise, it is
+ transformed to a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="relative-iri" href="#dfn-relative-iri">relative <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> using the document's
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri">base <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>. Finally, if the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> or
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">keyword</a> still could not be compacted, it is returned
+ as is.</p>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <h4 id="algorithm-7">Algorithm</h4>
+
+ <p>This algorithm takes three required inputs and three optional inputs.
+ The required inputs an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a>,
+ and the <i>iri</i> to be compacted. The optional inputs are a <i>value</i> associated
+ with the <i>iri</i>, a <i>vocabRelative</i> flag which specifies whether the
+ passed <i>iri</i> should be compacted using the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context's</a>
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">vocabulary mapping</a>, and a <i>reverse</i> flag which specifies whether
+ a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="reverse-property" href="#dfn-reverse-property">reverse property</a> is being compacted. If not passed, <i>value</i> is set to
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a> and <i>vocabRelative</i> and <i>reverse</i> are both set to
+ <code>false</code>.</p>
+
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>iri</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, return <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>vocabRelative</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> and <i>iri</i> is a
+ key in <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Initialize <i>defaultLanguage</i> to
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context's</a>
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language">default language</a>, if it has one, otherwise to
+ <code>@none</code>.</li>
+ <li>Initialize <i>containers</i> to an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>. This
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> will be used to keep track of an ordered list of
+ preferred <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mappings</a>
+ for a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>, based on what is compatible with
+ <i>value</i>.</li>
+ <li>Initialize <i>typeOrLanguage</i> to <code>@language</code>,
+ and <i>typeOrLanguageValue</i> to <code>@null</code>. These two
+ variables will keep track of the preferred
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a> or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a> for
+ a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>, based on what is compatible with <i>value</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>value</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> that contains the
+ key <code>@index</code>, then append the value <code>@index</code>
+ to <i>containers</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>reverse</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a>, set <i>typeOrLanguage</i>
+ to <code>@type</code>, <i>typeOrLanguageValue</i> to
+ <code>@reverse</code>, and append <code>@set</code> to <i>containers</i>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>value</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">list object</a>, then set
+ <i>typeOrLanguage</i> and <i>typeOrLanguageValue</i>
+ to the most specific values that work for all items in
+ the list as follows:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <code>@index</code> is a not key in <i>value</i>, then
+ append <code>@list</code> to <i>containers</i>.</li>
+ <li>Initialize <i>list</i> to the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> associated
+ with the key <code>@list</code> in <i>value</i>.</li>
+ <li>Initialize <i>commonLanguage</i> to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>. If
+ <i>list</i> is empty, set <i>commonLanguage</i> to
+ <i>defaultLanguage</i>.</li>
+ <li>For each <i>item</i> in <i>list</i>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Initialize <i>itemLanguage</i> to <code>@none</code> and
+ <i>itemType</i> to <code>@none</code>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>item</i> contains the key <code>@value</code>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>item</i> contains the key <code>@language</code>,
+ then set <i>itemLanguage</i> to its associated
+ value.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>item</i> contains the key
+ <code>@type</code>, set <i>itemType</i> to its
+ associated value.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, set <i>itemLanguage</i> to
+ <code>@null</code>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Otherwise, set <i>itemType</i> to <code>@id</code>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>commonLanguage</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, set it
+ to <i>itemLanguage</i>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>itemLanguage</i> does not equal
+ <i>commonLanguage</i> and <i>item</i> contains the
+ key <code>@value</code>, then set <i>commonLanguage</i>
+ to <code>@none</code> because list items have conflicting
+ languages.</li>
+ <li>If <i>commonType</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, set it
+ to <i>itemType</i>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>itemType</i> does not equal
+ <i>commonType</i>, then set <i>commonType</i>
+ to <code>@none</code> because list items have conflicting
+ types.</li>
+ <li>If <i>commonLanguage</i> is <code>@none</code> and
+ <i>commonType</i> is <code>@none</code>, then
+ stop processing items in the list because it has been
+ detected that there is no common language or type amongst
+ the items.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>If <i>commonLanguage</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, set it to
+ <code>@none</code>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>commonType</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, set it to
+ <code>@none</code>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>commonType</i> is not <code>@none</code> then set
+ <i>typeOrLanguage</i> to <code>@type</code> and
+ <i>typeOrLanguageValue</i> to <i>commonType</i>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, set <i>typeOrLanguageValue</i> to
+ <i>commonLanguage</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Otherwise:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>value</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object">value object</a>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>value</i> contains the key <code>@language</code>
+ and does not contain the key <code>@index</code>,
+ then set <i>typeOrLanguageValue</i> to its associated
+ value and append <code>@language</code> to
+ <i>containers</i>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>value</i> contains the key
+ <code>@type</code>, then set <i>typeOrLanguageValue</i> to
+ its associated value and set <i>typeOrLanguage</i> to
+ <code>@type</code>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Otherwise, set <i>typeOrLanguage</i> to <code>@type</code>
+ and set <i>typeOrLanguageValue</i> to <code>@id</code>.</li>
+ <li>Append <code>@set</code> to <i>containers</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Append <code>@none</code> to <i>containers</i>. This represents
+ the non-existence of a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mapping</a>, and it will
+ be the last <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mapping</a> value to be checked as it
+ is the most generic.</li>
+ <li>If <i>typeOrLanguageValue</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, set it to
+ <code>@null</code>. This is the key under which <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a> values
+ are stored in the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a> <i>entry</i>.</li>
+ <li>Initialize <i>preferred values</i> to an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>.
+ This <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> will indicate, in order, the preferred values for
+ a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term's</a> <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a> or
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>typeOrLanguageValue</i> is <code>@reverse</code>, append
+ <code>@reverse</code> to <i>preferred values</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>typeOrLanguageValue</i> is <code>@id</code> or <code>@reverse</code>
+ and <i>value</i> has an <code>@id</code> member:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If the result of using the
+ <a href="#iri-compaction"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> compaction algorithm</a>,
+ passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a>,
+ the value associated with the <code>@id</code> key in <i>value</i> for
+ <i>iri</i>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> for <i>vocabRelative</i>, and
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> for <i>documentRelative</i> has a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> in the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>
+ with an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> mapping</a> that equals the value associated
+ with the <code>@id</code> key in <i>value</i>,
+ then append <code>@vocab</code>, <code>@id</code>, and
+ <code>@none</code>, in that order, to <i>preferred values</i>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, append <code>@id</code>, <code>@vocab</code>, and
+ <code>@none</code>, in that order, to <i>preferred values</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Otherwise, append <i>typeOrLanguageValue</i> and <code>@none</code>, in
+ that order, to <i>preferred values</i>.</li>
+ <li>Initialize <i>term</i> to the result of the
+ <a href="#term-selection">Term Selection algorithm</a>, passing
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a>, <i>iri</i>, <i>containers</i>,
+ <i>typeOrLanguage</i>, and <i>preferred values</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>term</i> is not <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, return <i>term</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>At this point, there is no simple <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> that <i>iri</i>
+ can be compacted to. Instead, try to create a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">compact <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>,
+ starting by initializing <i>compact <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></i> to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>. This
+ variable will be used to store the created <a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">compact <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>, if
+ any.</li>
+ <li>For each key <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> and value <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> in
+ the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> contains a colon (<code>:</code>),
+ then continue to the next <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> because
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">terms</a> with colons can't be
+ used as <a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">prefixes</a>.</li>
+ <li>If the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>,
+ its <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> mapping</a> equals <i>iri</i>, or its
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> mapping</a> is not a substring at the beginning of
+ <i>iri</i>, the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> cannot be used as a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">prefix</a>
+ because it is not a partial match with <i>iri</i>.
+ Continue with the next <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>.</li>
+ <li>Initialize <i>candidate</i> by concatenating <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>,
+ a colon (<code>:</code>), and the substring of <i>iri</i>
+ that follows after the value of the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition's</a>
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> mapping</a>.</li>
+ <li>If either <i>compact <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a> or <i>candidate</i> is
+ shorter or the same length but lexicographically less than
+ <i>compact <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></i> and <i>candidate</i> does not have a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> in <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> or if the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> has an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> mapping</a>
+ that equals <i>iri</i> and <i>value</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>,
+ set <i>compact <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></i> to <i>candidate</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>If <i>compact <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></i> is not <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, return <i>compact <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></i>.</li>
+ <li>At this point, there is no <a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">compact <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> that <i>iri</i>
+ can be compacted to, so if <i>vocabRelative</i> is
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> and <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> has a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">vocabulary mapping</a>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>iri</i> begins with the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">vocabulary mapping's</a> value
+ but is longer, then initialize <i>suffix</i> to the substring
+ of <i>iri</i> that does not match. If <i>suffix</i> does not
+ have a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> in <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>,
+ then return <i>suffix</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>If <i>vocabRelative</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">false</a> then
+ transform <i>iri</i> to a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="relative-iri" href="#dfn-relative-iri">relative <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> using
+ the document's base <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>.</li>
+ <li>Finally, return <i>iri</i> as is.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+<!-- end of IRI Compaction -->
+
+
+ <section id="term-selection">
+ <h3><span class="secno">8.4 </span>Term Selection</h3>
+
+ <p>This algorithm, invoked via the <a href="#iri-compaction"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> Compaction algorithm</a>,
+ makes use of an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context's</a>
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a> to find the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> that is best
+ used to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="compaction" href="#dfn-compaction">compact</a> an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>. Other
+ information about a value associated with the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> is given,
+ including which <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mappings</a>
+ and which <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a> or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a> would
+ be best used to express the value.</p>
+
+ <section class="informative">
+ <h4 id="general-solution-8">General Solution</h4><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+ <p>The <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context's</a> entry for
+ the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> will be first searched according to the preferred
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mappings</a>, in the order
+ that they are given. Amongst <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">terms</a> with a matching
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mapping</a>, preference will be given to those
+ with a matching <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a> or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a>,
+ over those without a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a> or
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a>. If there is no <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>
+ with a matching <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mapping</a> then the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>
+ without a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mapping</a> that matches the given
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a> or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a> is selected. If
+ there is still no selected <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>, then a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a>
+ with no <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a> or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a> will
+ be selected if available. No <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> will be selected that
+ has a conflicting <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a> or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a>.
+ Ties between <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">terms</a> that have the same
+ mappings are resolved by first choosing the shortest terms, and then by
+ choosing the lexicographically least term. Note that these ties are
+ resolved automatically because they were previously resolved when the
+ <a href="#inverse-context-creation">Inverse Context Creation algorithm</a>
+ was used to create the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a>.</p>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <h4 id="algorithm-8">Algorithm</h4>
+
+ <p>This algorithm has five required inputs. They are:
+ an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a>, a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">keyword</a> or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>
+ <i>iri</i>, an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> <i>containers</i> that represents an
+ ordered list of preferred <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mappings</a>,
+ a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a> <i>typeOrLanguage</i> that indicates whether
+ to look for a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> with a matching <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a>
+ or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a>, and an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> representing
+ an ordered list of <i>preferred values</i> for the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a>
+ or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a> to look for.</p>
+
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Initialize <i>container map</i> to the value associated with
+ <i>iri</i> in the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a>.</li>
+ <li>For each item <i>container</i> in <i>containers</i>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>container</i> is not a key in <i>container map</i>, then
+ there is no <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> with a matching
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mapping</a> for it, so continue to the next
+ <i>container</i>.</li>
+ <li>Initialize <i>typeOrLanguage map</i> to the value associated
+ with the <i>container</i> member in <i>container map</i>.</li>
+ <li>Initialize <i>typeOrLanguageValue map</i> to the value associated
+ with <i>typeOrLanguage</i> member in <i>typeOrLanguage map</i>.</li>
+ <li>For each <i>item</i> in <i>preferred values</i>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>item</i> is not a key in <i>typeOrLanguageValue map</i>,
+ then there is no <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> with a matching
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a> or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a>,
+ so continue to the next <i>item</i>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, a matching term has been found, return the value
+ associated with the <i>item</i> member in
+ <i>typeOrLanguageValue map</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>No matching term has been found. Return <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+<!-- end of Term Selection -->
+
+
+ <section id="value-compaction">
+ <h3><span class="secno">8.5 </span>Value Compaction</h3>
+
+ <p><a class="tref internalDFN" title="expansion" href="#dfn-expansion">Expansion</a> transforms all values into <a class="tref internalDFN" title="expanded-form" href="#dfn-expanded-form">expanded form</a>
+ in JSON-LD. This algorithm performs the opposite operation, transforming
+ a value into <dfn title="compacted-form" id="dfn-compacted-form">compacted form</dfn>. This algorithm compacts a
+ value according to the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> in the given
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> that is associated with the value's associated
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>.</p>
+
+ <section class="informative">
+ <h4 id="general-solution-9">General Solution</h4><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+ <p>The <i>value</i> to compact has either an <code>@id</code> or an
+ <code>@value</code> member.</p>
+
+ <p>For the former case, if the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a> of
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a> is set to <code>@id</code> or <code>@vocab</code>
+ and <i>value</i> consists of only of an <code>@id</code> member and, if
+ if the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mapping</a> of <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>
+ is set to <code>@index</code>, an <code>@index</code> member, <i>value</i>
+ can be compacted to a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a> by returning the result of
+ using the <a href="#iri-compaction"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> Compaction algorithm</a>
+ to compact the value associated with the <code>@id</code> member.
+ Otherwise, <i>value</i> cannot be compacted and is returned as is.</p>
+
+ <p>For the latter case, it might be possible to compact <i>value</i>
+ just into the value associated with the <code>@value</code> member.
+ This can be done if the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a> has a matching
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a> or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a> and there
+ is either no <code>@index</code> member or the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mapping</a>
+ of <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a> is set to <code>@index</code>. It can
+ also be done if <code>@value</code> is the only member in <i>value</i>
+ (apart an <code>@index</code> member in case the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mapping</a>
+ of <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a> is set to <code>@index</code>) and
+ either its associated value is not a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a>, there is
+ no <a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language">default language</a>, or there is an explicit
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a> <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a> for the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>.</p>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <h4 id="algorithm-9">Algorithm</h4>
+
+ <p>This algorithm has four required inputs: an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, an
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a>, an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>, and a <i>value</i>
+ to be compacted.</p>
+
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Initialize <i>number members</i> to the number of members
+ <i>value</i> contains.</li>
+ <li>If <i>value</i> has an <code>@index</code> member and the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">container mapping</a> associated to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>
+ is set to <code>@index</code>, decrease <i>number members</i> by
+ <code>1</code>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>number members</i> is greater than <code>2</code>, return
+ <i>value</i> as it cannot be compacted.</li>
+ <li>If <i>value</i> has an <code>@id</code> member:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>number members</i> is <code>1</code> and
+ the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a> of <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>
+ is set to <code>@id</code>, return the result of using the
+ <a href="#iri-compaction"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> compaction algorithm</a>,
+ passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a>,
+ and the value of the <code>@id</code> member for <i>iri</i>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>number members</i> is <code>1</code> and
+ the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a> of <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>
+ is set to <code>@vocab</code>, return the result of using the
+ <a href="#iri-compaction"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> compaction algorithm</a>,
+ passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">inverse context</a>,
+ the value of the <code>@id</code> member for <i>iri</i>, and
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> for <i>vocabRelative</i>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, return <i>value</i> as is.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>value</i> has an <code>@type</code> member whose
+ value matches the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">type mapping</a> of <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>,
+ return the value associated with the <code>@value</code> member
+ of <i>value</i>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>value</i> has an <code>@language</code> member whose
+ value matches the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a> of
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>, return the value associated with the
+ <code>@value</code> member of <i>value</i>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>number members</i> equals <code>1</code> and either
+ the value of the <code>@value</code> member is not a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a>,
+ or the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">active context</a> has no <a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language">default language</a>,
+ or the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">language mapping</a> of <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>
+ is set to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>,, return the value associated with the
+ <code>@value</code> member.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, return <i>value</i> as is.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+<!-- end of Value Compaction algorithm -->
+
+</section>
+<!-- end of Compaction section -->
+
+
+
+<section id="flattening-algorithms">
+
+<!--OddPage-->
+<h2><span class="secno">9. </span>Flattening Algorithms</h2>
+
+ <section id="flattening-algorithm">
+ <h3><span class="secno">9.1 </span>Flattening Algorithm</h3>
+
+ <p>This algorithm flattens a JSON-LD document by collecting all properties
+ of a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">node</a> in a single <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> and labeling
+ all <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node" href="#dfn-blank-node">blank nodes</a> with
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifiers</a>.
+ This resulting uniform shape of the document, may drastically simplify
+ the code required to process JSON-LD data in certain applications.</p>
+
+ <section class="informative">
+ <h4 id="general-solution-10">General Solution</h4><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+ <p>First, the document is expanded using the
+ <a href="#expansion-algorithm">Expansion algorithm</a>. This removes
+ all context definitions and expands all <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">terms</a>
+ and <a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">compact IRIs</a> to
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">absolute IRIs</a>,
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifiers</a>,
+ or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">keywords</a> and all
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-value" href="#dfn-json-ld-value">JSON-LD values</a> to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="expanded-form" href="#dfn-expanded-form">expanded
+ form</a>. In the next step, a <i>node map</i> is generated using
+ the <a href="#node-map-generation">Node Map Generation algorithm</a>
+ which collects all properties of a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">node</a> in a single
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>. Finally, the <i>node map</i> is converted
+ to a JSON-LD document in
+ <a class="tref externalDFN" title="flattened-document-form" href="../json-ld-syntax/#flattened-document-form">flattened document form</a>.
+ If a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">context</a> has been passed, the flattened document
+ is compacted using the <a href="#compaction-algorithm">Compaction algorithm</a>
+ before being returned.</p>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <h4 id="algorithm-10">Algorithm</h4>
+
+ <p>The algorithm takes two input variables, an <i>element</i> to flatten and
+ an optional <i>context</i> used to compact the flattened document. If not
+ passed, <i>context</i> is set to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>.</p>
+
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Expand <i>element</i> according the
+ <a href="#expansion-algorithm">Expansion algorithm</a>.</li>
+ <li>Initialize <i>node map</i> to a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> consisting of
+ a single member whose key is <code>@default</code> and whose value is
+ an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>.</li>
+ <li>Perform the <a href="#node-map-generation">Node Map Generation algorithm</a>, passing
+ <i>element</i> and <i>node map</i>.</li>
+ <li>Initialize <i>default graph</i> to the value of the <code>@default</code>
+ member of <i>node map</i>, which is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> representing
+ the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-graph" href="#dfn-default-graph">default graph</a>.</li>
+ <li>For each key-value pair <i>graph name</i>-<i>graph</i> in <i>node map</i>
+ where <i>graph name</i> is not <code>@default</code>, perform the following steps:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>default graph</i> does not have a <i>graph name</i> member, create
+ one and initialize its value to a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> consisting of an
+ <code>@id</code> member whose value is set to <i>graph name</i>.</li>
+ <li>Reference the value associated with the <i>graph name</i> member in
+ <i>default graph</i> using the variable <i>entry</i>.</li>
+ <li>Add an <code>@graph</code> member to <i>entry</i> and set it to an
+ empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>.</li>
+ <li>For each <i>id</i>-<i>node</i> pair in <i>graph</i> ordered by <i>id</i>,
+ add <i>node</i> to the <code>@graph</code> member of <i>entry</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Initialize an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> <i>flattened</i>.</li>
+ <li>For each <i>id</i>-<i>node</i> pair in <i>default graph</i> ordered by <i>id</i>,
+ add <i>node</i> to <i>flattened</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>context</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, return <i>flattened</i>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, return the result of compacting <i>flattened</i> according the
+ <a href="#compaction-algorithm">Compaction algorithm</a> passing <i>context</i>
+ ensuring that the compaction result uses the <code>@graph</code> keyword (or its alias)
+ at the top-level, even if the context is empty or if there is only one element to
+ put in the <code>@graph</code> <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>. This ensures that the returned
+ document has a deterministic structure.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+<!-- end of Flattening Algorithm -->
+
+
+ <section id="node-map-generation">
+ <h3><span class="secno">9.2 </span>Node Map Generation</h3>
+
+ <p>This algorithm creates a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> <i>node map</i> holding an indexed
+ representation of the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-graph" href="#dfn-json-ld-graph">graphs</a> and <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">nodes</a>
+ represented in the passed expanded document. All <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">nodes</a> that are not
+ uniquely identified by an <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> get assigned a (new) <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifier</a>.
+ The resulting <i>node map</i> will have a member for every graph in the document whose
+ value is another object with a member for every <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">node</a> represented in the document.
+ The default graph is stored under the <code>@default</code> member, all other graphs are
+ stored under their <a class="tref internalDFN" title="graph-name" href="#dfn-graph-name">graph name</a>.</p>
+
+ <section class="informative">
+ <h4 id="general-solution-11">General Solution</h4><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+ <p>The algorithm recursively runs over an expanded JSON-LD document to
+ collect all <a class="tref internalDFN" title="property" href="#dfn-property">properties</a> of a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">node</a>
+ in a single <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>. The algorithm constructs a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> <i>node map</i> whose keys represent the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="graph-name" href="#dfn-graph-name">graph names</a> used in the document
+ (the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-graph" href="#dfn-default-graph">default graph</a> is stored under the key <code>@default</code>)
+ and whose associated values are <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON objects</a>
+ which index the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">nodes</a> in the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-graph" href="#dfn-json-ld-graph">graph</a>. If a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="property" href="#dfn-property">property's</a> value is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">node object</a>,
+ it is replace by a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">node object</a> consisting of only an
+ <code>@id</code> member. If a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">node object</a> has no <code>@id</code>
+ member or it is identified by a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifier</a>,
+ a new <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifier</a> is generated. This relabeling
+ of <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifiers</a> is
+ also be done for <a class="tref internalDFN" title="property" href="#dfn-property">properties</a> and values of
+ <code>@type</code>.</p>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <h4 id="algorithm-11">Algorithm</h4>
+
+ <p>The algorithm takes as input an expanded JSON-LD document <i>element</i> and a reference to
+ a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> <i>node map</i>. Furthermore it has the optional parameters
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-graph" href="#dfn-active-graph">active graph</a> (which defaults to <code>@default</code>), an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-subject" href="#dfn-active-subject">active subject</a>,
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>, and a reference to a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> <i>list</i>. If
+ not passed, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-subject" href="#dfn-active-subject">active subject</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>, and <i>list</i> are
+ set to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>.</p>
+
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>element</i> is an array, process each <i>item</i> in <i>element</i>
+ as follows and then return:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Run this algorithm recursively by passing <i>item</i> for <i>element</i>,
+ <i>node map</i>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-graph" href="#dfn-active-graph">active graph</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-subject" href="#dfn-active-subject">active subject</a>,
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>, and <i>list</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Otherwise <i>element</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>. Reference the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> which is the value of the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-graph" href="#dfn-active-graph">active graph</a>
+ member of <i>node map</i> using the variable <i>graph</i>. If the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-subject" href="#dfn-active-subject">active subject</a> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, set <i>node</i> to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>
+ otherwise reference the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-subject" href="#dfn-active-subject">active subject</a> member of <i>graph</i> using the
+ variable <i>node</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>element</i> has an <code>@type</code> member, perform for each
+ <i>item</i> the following steps:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>item</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifier</a>, replace it with a newly
+ <a href="#generate-blank-node-identifier">generated blank node identifier</a>
+ passing <i>item</i> for <i>identifier</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>graph</i> has no member <i>item</i>, create one and initialize its
+ value to a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> consisting of a single member <code>@id</code>
+ whose value is <i>item</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>If <i>element</i> has an <code>@value</code> member, perform the following steps:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>list</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, merge <i>element</i> into the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a> member of <i>node</i>; the resulting
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> must not contain any duplicate values.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, append <i>element</i> to the <code>@list</code> member of <i>list</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>element</i> has an <code>@list</code> member, perform
+ the following steps:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Initialize a new <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> <i>result</i> consisting of a single member
+ <code>@list</code> whose value is initialized to an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>.</li>
+ <li>Recursively call this algorithm passing the value of <i>element's</i>
+ <code>@list</code> member for <i>element</i>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-graph" href="#dfn-active-graph">active graph</a>,
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-subject" href="#dfn-active-subject">active subject</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>, and
+ <i>result</i> for <i>list</i>.</li>
+ <li>Append <i>result</i> to the the value of the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a> member
+ of <i>node</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Otherwise <i>element</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">node object</a>, perform
+ the following steps:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>element</i> has an <code>@id</code> member, set <i>id</i>
+ to its value and remove the member from <i>element</i>. If <i>id</i>
+ is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifier</a>, replace it with a newly
+ <a href="#generate-blank-node-identifier">generated blank node identifier</a>
+ passing <i>id</i> for <i>identifier</i>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, set <i>id</i> to the result of the
+ <a href="#generate-blank-node-identifier">Generate Blank Node Identifier algorithm</a>
+ passing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a> for <i>identifier</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>graph</i> does not contain a member <i>id</i>, create one and initialize
+ its value to a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> consisting of a single member <code>@id</code> whose
+ value is <i>id</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a> is not <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, perform the following steps:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Create a new <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> <i>reference</i> consisting of a single member
+ <code>@id</code> whose value is <i>id</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>list</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, merge <i>element</i> into the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a> member of <i>node</i>; the resulting
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> must not contain any duplicate values.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, append <i>element</i> to the <code>@list</code> member of <i>list</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Reference the value of the <i>id</i> member of <i>graph</i> using the
+ variable <i>node</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>element</i> has an <code>@type</code> member, merge each of its values into the
+ <code>@type</code> member of <i>node</i> and finally remove the
+ <code>@type</code> member from <i>element</i>; the resulting
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> must not contain any duplicate values.</li>
+ <li>If <i>element</i> has an <code>@index</code> member, set the <code>@index</code>
+ member of <i>node</i> to its value. If <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">node</a> has already an
+ <code>@index</code> member with a different value, a
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.conflicting-indexes">conflicting indexes</a></code>
+ error has been detected and processing is aborted. Otherwise, continue by
+ removing the <code>@index</code> member from <i>element</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>element</i> has an <code>@reverse</code> member:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Create a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> <i>referenced node</i> with a single member <code>@id</code> whose
+ value is <i>id</i>.</li>
+ <li>Set <i>reverse map</i> to the value of the <code>@reverse</code> member of
+ <i>element</i>.</li>
+ <li>For each key-value pair <i>property</i>-<i>values</i> in <i>reverse map</i>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>For each <i>value</i> of <i>values</i>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>value</i> has a <i>property</i> member, append <i>referenced node</i> to
+ its value; otherwise create a <i>property</i> member whose value is an
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> containing <i>referenced node</i>.</li>
+ <li>Recursively invoke this algorithm passing <i>value</i> for
+ <i>element</i>, <i>node map</i>, and <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-graph" href="#dfn-active-graph">active graph</a>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Remove the <code>@reverse</code> member from <i>element</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>If <i>element</i> has an <code>@graph</code> member, recursively invoke this
+ algorithm passing the value of the <code>@graph</code> member for <i>element</i>,
+ <i>node map</i>, and <i>id</i> for <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-graph" href="#dfn-active-graph">active graph</a> before removing
+ the <code>@graph</code> member from <i>element</i>.</li>
+ <li>Finally, for each key-value pair <i>property</i>-<i>value</i> in <i>element</i> ordered by
+ <i>property</i> perform the following steps:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>property</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifier</a>, replace it with a newly
+ <a href="#generate-blank-node-identifier">generated blank node identifier</a>
+ passing <i>property</i> for <i>identifier</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>node</i> does not have a <i>property</i> member, create one and initialize
+ its value to an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>.</li>
+ <li>Recursively invoke this algorithm passing <i>value</i> for <i>element</i>,
+ <i>node map</i>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-graph" href="#dfn-active-graph">active graph</a>, <i>id</i> for <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-subject" href="#dfn-active-subject">active subject</a>,
+ <i>property</i> for <a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">active property</a>, and <i>list</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+<!-- end of Node Map Generation -->
+
+
+ <section id="generate-blank-node-identifier">
+ <h3><span class="secno">9.3 </span>Generate Blank Node Identifier</h3>
+
+ <p>This algorithm is used to generate new
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifiers</a> or to
+ relabel an existing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifier</a> to avoid collision
+ by the introduction of new ones.</p>
+
+ <section class="informative">
+ <h4 id="general-solution-12">General Solution</h4><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+ <p>The simplest case is if there exists already a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifier</a>
+ in the <i>identifier map</i> for the passed <i>identifier</i>, in which
+ case it is simply returned. Otherwise, a new <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifier</a>
+ is generated by concatenating the string <code>_:b</code> and the
+ <i>counter</i>. If the passed <i>identifier</i> is not <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>,
+ an entry is created in the <i>identifier map</i> associating the
+ <i>identifier</i> with the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifier</a>. Finally,
+ the <i>counter</i> is increased by one and the new
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifier</a> is returned.</p>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <h4 id="algorithm-12">Algorithm</h4>
+
+ <p>The algorithm takes a single input variable <i>identifier</i> which may
+ be <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>. Between its executions, the algorithm needs to
+ keep an <i>identifier map</i> to relabel existing
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifiers</a>
+ consistently and a <i>counter</i> to generate new
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifiers</a>. The
+ <i>counter</i> is initialized to <code>0</code> by default.</p>
+
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>identifier</i> is not <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a> and has an entry in the
+ <i>identifier map</i>, return the mapped identifier.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, generate a new <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifier</a> by concatenating
+ the string <code>_:b</code> and <i>counter</i>.</li>
+ <li>Increment <i>counter</i> by <code>1</code>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>identifier</i> is not <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, create a new entry
+ for <i>identifier</i> in <i>identifier map</i> and set its value
+ to the new <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifier</a>.</li>
+ <li>Return the new <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifier</a>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+<!-- end of Generate Blank Node Identifier -->
+
+</section>
+<!-- end of Flattening section -->
+
+
+
+<section id="rdf-conversion-algorithms">
+
+<!--OddPage-->
+<h2><span class="secno">10. </span>RDF Conversion Algorithms</h2>
+
+ <p>This section describes algorithms to transform a JSON-LD document to an
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-dataset" href="#dfn-rdf-dataset">RDF dataset</a> and vice versa. The algorithms are designed for in-memory
+ implementations with random access to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> elements.</p>
+
+ <p>Throughout this section, the following vocabulary
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">prefixes</a> are used in
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">compact IRIs</a>:</p>
+
+ <table rules="all">
+ <thead>
+ <tr><th>Prefix</th>
+ <th><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></th>
+ </tr></thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdf</td>
+ <td>http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdfs</td>
+ <td> http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>xsd</td>
+ <td>http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#</td>
+ </tr>
+ </tbody>
+ </table>
+
+ <section id="convert-to-rdf-algorithm">
+ <h3><span class="secno">10.1 </span>Convert to RDF Algorithm</h3>
+
+ <p>This algorithms converts a JSON-LD document to an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-dataset" href="#dfn-rdf-dataset">RDF dataset</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class="issue"><div class="issue-title"><a href="https://github.com/json-ld/json-ld.org/issues/217"><span>Issue 217</span></a></div><p class="">RDF does not currently allow a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifier</a> to be used as a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="graph-name" href="#dfn-graph-name">graph name</a>.</p></div>
+
+ <section class="informative">
+ <h4 id="general-solution-13">General Solution</h4><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+ <p>The JSON-LD document is expanded and converted to a <i>node map</i> using the
+ <a href="#node-map-generation">Node Map Generation algorithm</a>.
+ This allows each graph represented within the document to be
+ extracted and flattened, making it easier to process each
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">node object</a>. Each graph from the <i>node map</i>
+ is processed to extract <a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-triple" href="#dfn-rdf-triple">RDF triples</a>,
+ to which any (non-default) graph name is applied to create an
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-dataset" href="#dfn-rdf-dataset">RDF dataset</a>. Each <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">node object</a> in the
+ <i>node map</i> has an <code>@id</code> member which corresponds to the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-subject" href="#dfn-rdf-subject">RDF subject</a>, the other members
+ represent <a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-predicate" href="#dfn-rdf-predicate">RDF predicates</a>. Each
+ member value is either an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> or
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifier</a> or can be transformed to an
+ <a class="tref externalDFN" title="rdf-literal" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-literal">RDF literal</a>
+ to generate an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-triple" href="#dfn-rdf-triple">RDF triple</a>. <a class="tref internalDFN" title="list" href="#dfn-list">Lists</a>
+ are transformed into an
+ <a class="tref externalDFN" title="rdf-collection" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#ch_collectionvocab">RDF Collection</a>
+ using the <a href="#list-to-rdf-conversion">List to RDF Conversion algorithm.</a></p>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <h4 id="algorithm-13">Algorithm</h4>
+
+ <p>The algorithm takes a JSON-LD document <i>element</i> and returns an
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-dataset" href="#dfn-rdf-dataset">RDF dataset</a>.</p>
+
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Expand <i>element</i> according the
+ <a href="#expansion-algorithm">Expansion algorithm</a>.</li>
+ <li>Generate a <i>node map</i> according the
+ <a href="#node-map-generation">Node Map Generation algorithm</a>.</li>
+ <li>Initialize an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-dataset" href="#dfn-rdf-dataset">RDF dataset</a> <i>dataset</i>.</li>
+ <li>For each <i>graph name</i> and <i>graph</i> in <i>node map</i>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Initialize <i>triples</i> as an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>.</li>
+ <li>For each <i>subject</i> and <i>node</i> in <i>graph</i>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>For each <i>property</i> and <i>values</i> in <i>node</i>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>property</i> is <code>@type</code>, then for each
+ <i>type</i> in <i>values</i>, append a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="triple" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-triple">triple</a>
+ composed of <i>subject</i>, <code>rdf:type</code>,
+ and <i>type</i> to <i>triples</i>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>property</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">keyword</a>
+ continue to the next <i>property</i>-<i>values</i> pair.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, <i>property</i> is an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> or
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifier</a>. For each <i>item</i>
+ in <i>values</i>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>item</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">list object</a>, initialize
+ <i>list triples</i> as an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> and
+ <i>list head</i> to the result of the <a href="#list-to-rdf-conversion">List Conversion algorithm</a>, passing
+ the value associated with the <code>@list</code> key from
+ <i>item</i> and <i>list triples</i>. Append first a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="triple" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-triple">triple</a> composed of <i>subject</i>,
+ <i>property</i>, and <i>list head</i> to <i>triples</i> and
+ finally append all <a class="tref internalDFN" title="triple" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-triple">triples</a> from
+ <i>list triples</i> to <i>triples</i>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, <i>item</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object">value object</a>
+ or a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">node object</a>. Append a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="triple" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-triple">triple</a>
+ composed of <i>subject</i>, <i>property</i>, and
+ the result of using the
+ <a href="#object-to-rdf-conversion">Object to RDF Conversion algorithm</a>
+ passing <i>item</i> to <i>triples</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>If <i>graph name</i> is <code>@default</code>, add
+ <i>triples</i> to the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-graph" href="#dfn-default-graph">default graph</a> in <i>dataset</i>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, create a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="named-graph" href="#dfn-named-graph">named graph</a> in <i>dataset</i>
+ composed of <i>graph name</i> and add <i>triples</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Return <i>dataset</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+<!-- end of Convert to RDF Algorithm -->
+
+
+ <section id="object-to-rdf-conversion">
+ <h3><span class="secno">10.2 </span>Object to RDF Conversion</h3>
+
+ <p>This algorithm takes a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">node object</a> or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object">value object</a>
+ and transforms it into an
+ <a class="tref externalDFN" title="rdf-resource" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-resource">RDF resource</a>
+ to be used as the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="object" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-object">object</a> of an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-triple" href="#dfn-rdf-triple">RDF triple</a>.</p>
+
+ <section class="informative">
+ <h4 id="general-solution-14">General Solution</h4><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+ <p><a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object">Value objects</a> are transformed to
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-literal" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-literal">RDF literals</a> as defined in the section
+ <a href="#data-round-tripping">Data Round Tripping</a> whereas
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">node objects</a> are transformed to
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">IRIs</a> or
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifiers</a>.</p>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <h4 id="algorithm-14">Algorithm</h4>
+
+ <p>The algorithm takes as its sole argument <i>item</i> which must be
+ either a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object">value object</a> or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">node object</a>.</p>
+
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>item</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">node object</a> return the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifier</a> associated
+ with its <code>@id</code> member.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, <i>item</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object">value object</a>. Initialize
+ <i>value</i> to the value associated with the <code>@value</code>
+ member in <i>item</i>.
+ </li><li>Initialize <i>datatype</i> to the value associated with the
+ <code>@type</code> member of <i>item</i> or <code>null</code> if
+ <i>item</i> does not have such a member.</li>
+ <li>If <i>value</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> or
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">false</a>, set <i>value</i> to its
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="canonical-lexical-form" href="#dfn-canonical-lexical-form">canonical lexical form</a> as defined
+ in the section <a href="#data-round-tripping">Data Round Tripping</a>.
+ If <i>datatype</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, set it to
+ <code>xsd:boolean</code>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>value</i> is a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">number</a>, then set
+ <i>value</i> to its <a class="tref internalDFN" title="canonical-lexical-form" href="#dfn-canonical-lexical-form">canonical lexical form</a> as defined
+ in the section <a href="#data-round-tripping">Data Round Tripping</a>.
+ If <i>datatype</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, set it to either
+ <code>xsd:integer</code> or <code>xsd:double</code>, depending
+ on if the value contains a fractional and/or an exponential
+ component.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>datatype</i> is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, set it to
+ <code>xsd:string</code> or <code>rdf:langString</code>, depending on if
+ item has an <code>@language</code> member.</li>
+ <li>Initialize <i>literal</i> as an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-literal" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-literal">RDF literal</a> using
+ <i>value</i> and <i>datatype</i>. If <i>item</i> has an
+ <code>@language</code> member and <i>datatype</i> is
+ <code>rdf:langString</code>, then add the value associated with the
+ <code>@language</code> key as the language of <i>literal</i>.</li>
+ <li>Return <i>literal</i>.</li>
+
+ </ol>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+<!-- end of Object to RDF Conversion -->
+
+
+ <section id="list-to-rdf-conversion">
+ <h3><span class="secno">10.3 </span>List to RDF Conversion</h3>
+
+ <p>List Conversion is the process of taking a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">list object</a>
+ and transforming it into an
+ <a class="tref externalDFN" title="rdf-collection" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#ch_collectionvocab">RDF Collection</a>
+ as defined in RDF Semantics [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF-MT">RDF-MT</a></cite>].</p>
+
+ <section class="informative">
+ <h4 id="general-solution-15">General Solution</h4><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+ <p>For each element of the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="list" href="#dfn-list">list</a> a new <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifier</a>
+ is allocated which is used to generate <code>rdf:first</code> and
+ <code>rdf:rest</code> <a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-triple" href="#dfn-rdf-triple">triples</a>. The
+ algorithm returns the list head, which is either the the first allocated
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifier</a> or <code>rdf:nil</code> if the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="list" href="#dfn-list">list</a> is empty.</p>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <h4 id="algorithm-15">Algorithm</h4>
+
+ <p>The algorithm takes two inputs: an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> <i>list</i>
+ and an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> <i>list triples</i> used for returning
+ the generated <a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-triple" href="#dfn-rdf-triple">triples</a>.</p>
+
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>list</i> is empty, return <code>rdf:nil</code>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, create an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> <i>bnodes</i> composed of a
+ <a href="#generate-blank-node-identifier">newly generated blank node identifier</a>
+ for each entry in <i>list</i>.</li>
+ <li>Initialize an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> <i>list triples</i>.</li>
+ <li>For each pair of <i>subject</i> from <i>bnodes</i> and <i>item</i> from <i>list</i>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Append a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="triple" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-triple">triple</a> composed of <i>subject</i>,
+ <code>rdf:first</code>, and the result of using th
+ <a href="#object-to-rdf-conversion">Object to RDF Conversion algorithm</a>
+ passing <i>item</i> to <i>list triples</i>.</li>
+ <li>Set <i>rest</i> as the next entry in <i>bnodes</i>, or if that
+ does not exist, <code>rdf:nil</code>. Append a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="triple" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-triple">triple</a> composed of <i>subject</i>,
+ <code>rdf:rest</code>, and <i>rest</i> to <i>list triples</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Return the first <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node" href="#dfn-blank-node">blank node</a> from <i>bnodes</i> or
+ <code>rdf:nil</code> if <i>bnodes</i> is empty.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+<!-- end of List to RDF -->
+
+
+ <section id="convert-from-rdf-algorithm">
+ <h3><span class="secno">10.4 </span>Convert from RDF Algorithm</h3>
+
+ <p>This algorithm converts an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-dataset" href="#dfn-rdf-dataset">RDF dataset</a> consisting of a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-graph" href="#dfn-default-graph">default graph</a> and zero or more
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="named-graph" href="#dfn-named-graph">named graphs</a> into a JSON-LD document.</p>
+
+ <p>In some cases, data exists natively in the form of triples or
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="triple" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-triple">triples</a>; for example, if the data was
+ originally represented in an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-dataset" href="#dfn-rdf-dataset">RDF dataset</a>. This algorithm is
+ designed to simply translate an array of <a class="tref internalDFN" title="triple" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-triple">triples</a>
+ into a JSON-LD document.</p>
+
+ <div class="note"><div class="note-title"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">This algorithm does not support lists containing lists.</p></div>
+
+ <section class="informative">
+ <h4 id="general-solution-16">General Solution</h4><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+ <p>Iterate through each graph in the dataset, converting
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-collection" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#ch_collectionvocab">RDF Collections</a> into a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="list" href="#dfn-list">list</a>
+ and generating a JSON-LD document in expanded form for all
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-literal" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-literal">RDF literals</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">IRIs</a>
+ and <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifiers</a>.</p>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <h4 id="algorithm-16">Algorithm</h4>
+
+ <p>The algorithm takes a single parameter <i>dataset</i> in the form of
+ an array of an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-dataset" href="#dfn-rdf-dataset">RDF dataset</a>.</p>
+
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Initialize <i>default graph</i> to a new <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>
+ consisting of two members, <code>nodeMap</code> and <code>listMap</code>,
+ whose value is an an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>.</li>
+ <li>Initialize <i>graph map</i> to an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> consisting
+ of a single member <code>@default</code> whose value is set to
+ reference <i>default graph</i>.</li>
+ <li>Reference the <code>nodeMap</code> member of <i>default graph</i>
+ using the variable <i>default graph nodes</i>.</li>
+ <li>For each <i>graph</i> in <i>dataset</i>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>graph</i> is the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-graph" href="#dfn-default-graph">default graph</a>,
+ set <i>name</i> to <code>@default</code>, otherwise to the
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="graph-name" href="#dfn-graph-name">graph name</a> associated with <i>graph</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>graph map</i> has no <i>name</i> member, create one and set
+ its value to a to a new <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> consisting of two
+ members, <code>nodeMap</code> and <code>listMap</code>, whose value
+ is an an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>graph</i> is not the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-graph" href="#dfn-default-graph">default graph</a> and
+ <i>default graph nodes</i> does not have a <i>name</i> member,
+ create such a member and initialize its value to a new
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> with a single member <code>@id</code>
+ whose value is <i>name</i>.</li>
+ <li>Reference the value of the <i>name</i> member in <i>graph map</i>
+ using the variable <i>graph object</i>.</li>
+ <li>Reference the value of the <code>nodeMap</code> member in
+ <i>graph object</i> using the variable <i>node map</i> and the
+ value of the <code>listMap</code> member using the variable
+ <i>list map</i>.</li>
+ <li>For each <a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-triple" href="#dfn-rdf-triple">RDF triple</a> in <i>graph</i>
+ consisting of <i>subject</i>, <i>predicate</i>, and <i>object</i>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>predicate</i> equals <code>rdf:first</code>,
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>list map</i> has no <i>subject</i> member, create
+ one and initialize it to an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>.</li>
+ <li>Initialize the value of the <code>first</code> member of
+ the <i>subject</i> member of <i>list map</i> to the result of the
+ <a href="#rdf-to-object-conversion">RDF to Object Conversion algorithm</a>,
+ passing <i>object</i>.</li>
+ <li>Continue with the next <a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-triple" href="#dfn-rdf-triple">RDF triple</a>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li><li>If <i>predicate</i> equals <code>rdf:rest</code>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>list map</i> has no <i>subject</i> member, create
+ one and initialize it to an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>.</li>
+ <li>Initialize the value of the <code>rest</code> member of
+ the <i>subject</i> member of <i>list map</i> to
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="object" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-object">object</a>, which is either an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">absolute <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>
+ or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifier</a>.</li>
+ <li>Continue with the next <a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-triple" href="#dfn-rdf-triple">RDF triple</a>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>If <i>node map</i> does not have a <i>subject</i> member,
+ create one and initialize its value to a new <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>
+ consisting of a single member <code>@id</code> whose value is
+ set to <i>subject</i>.</li>
+ <li>Reference the value of the <i>subject</i> member in <i>node map</i>
+ using the variable <i>node</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>predicate</i> equals <code>rdf:type</code>, and <i>object</i>
+ is an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifier</a>,
+ append <i>object</i> to the value of the <code>@type</code>
+ member of <i>node</i>. If no such member exists, create one
+ and initialize it to an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> whose only item is
+ <i>object</i>. Finally, continue to the next
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-triple" href="#dfn-rdf-triple">RDF triple</a>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>node</i> does not have an <i>predicate</i> member, create one
+ and initialize its value to an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>.</li>
+ <li>Set <i>value</i> to the result of using the
+ <a href="#rdf-to-object-conversion">RDF to Object Conversion algorithm</a>,
+ passing <i>object</i>.</li>
+ <li>Add a reference to <i>value</i> to the to the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>
+ associated with the <i>predicate</i> member of <i>node</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>object</i> is an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> or a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifier</a> it might represent the
+ head of a RDF list:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>list map</i> has no <i>object</i> member, create
+ one and set its value to an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>.</li>
+ <li>Set the <code>head</code> member of the <i>object</i>
+ member of <i>list map</i> to a reference of <i>value</i>.
+ This reference may be required later to replace the
+ <i>value</i> in the <i>predicate</i> member of <i>node</i>
+ with a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">list object</a>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>For each <i>name</i> and <i>graph object</i> in <i>graph map</i>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Reference the value of the <code>listMap</code> member in
+ <i>graph object</i> using the variable <i>list map</i>.</li>
+ <li>For each key-value pair <i>subject</i>-<i>entry</i> of the
+ value associated to the <code>listMap</code> member of
+ <i>graph object</i>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>entry</i> has not an <code>head</code> and an
+ <code>first</code> member it does not represent the head of
+ a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="list" href="#dfn-list">list</a>. Continue with the next key-value pair.</li>
+ <li>Reference the value of the <code>head</code> member in <i>entry</i>
+ using the variable <i>value</i>.</li>
+ <li>Remove the <code>@id</code> member from <i>value</i>.</li>
+ <li>Add an <code>@list</code> member to <i>value</i> and initialize
+ it to an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> containing the value of the
+ <code>first</code> member of <i>entry</i>.</li>
+ <li>While the value associated with the <code>rest</code> member
+ of <i>entry</i> is not <code>rdf:nil</code>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Set <i>rest</i> to the value of the <code>rest</code>
+ member of <i>entry</i>.</li>
+ <li>Set <i>entry</i> to the value associated with the
+ <i>rest</i> member of <i>list map</i>.</li>
+ <li>Add the value associated with the <code>first</code>
+ member of <i>entry</i> to the <code>@list</code> member
+ of <i>value</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Initialize an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> <i>result</i>.</li>
+ <li>For each <i>subject</i> and <i>node</i> in <i>default graph nodes</i>
+ ordered by <i>subject</i>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>graph map</i> has an <i>subject</i> member:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Add a <code>@graph</code> member to <i>node</i> and initialize
+ its value to an empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>.</li>
+ <li>Reference the <code>nodeMap</code> member of the <i>subject</i>
+ member of <i>graph map</i> using the variable <i>node map</i>.</li>
+ <li>For each key-value pair <i>s</i>-<i>n</i> in <i>node map</i>
+ ordered by <i>s</i>, append <i>n</i> to the <code>@graph</code>
+ member of <i>node</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li><li>Append <i>node</i> to <i>result</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Return <i>result</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+<!-- end of Convert from RDF algorithm -->
+
+
+ <section id="rdf-to-object-conversion">
+ <h3><span class="secno">10.5 </span>RDF to Object Conversion</h3>
+
+ <p>This algorithm transforms an RDF literal to a JSON-LD <a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object">value object</a>
+ and a RDF blank node or <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> to an JSON-LD <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">node object</a>.</p>
+
+ <section class="informative">
+ <h4 id="general-solution-17">General Solution</h4><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+ <p><a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-literal" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-literal">RDF literals</a> are transformed to
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object">value objects</a> as defined in the section
+ <a href="#data-round-tripping">Data Round Tripping</a> whereas
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">IRIs</a> and
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifiers</a> are
+ transformed to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">node objects</a>.</p>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <h4 id="algorithm-17">Algorithm</h4>
+
+ <p>This algorithm takes as single input variable <i>value</i> that
+ is converted to a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>.</p>
+
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>value</i> is an an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> or a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">blank node identifier</a>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>If <i>value</i> equals <code>rdf:nil</code> return a new
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> consisting of a single member
+ <code>@list</code> whose value is set to an empty
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>. This is behavior is required by the
+ <a href="#convert-from-rdf-algorithm">Convert from RDF algorithm</a>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, return a new <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> consisting of
+ a single member <code>@id</code> whose value is set to <i>value</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>Otherwise <i>value</i> is an
+ <a class="tref externalDFN" title="rdf-literal" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-literal">RDF literal</a>:
+ <ol class="algorithm">
+ <li>Initialize a new empty <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> result.</li>
+ <li>Initialize <i>converted value</i> to <i>value</i>.</li>
+ <li>Initialize <i>type</i> to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a></li>
+ <li>If the
+ <a class="tref externalDFN" title="datatype-iri" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-datatype-iri">datatype <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>
+ of <i>value</i> equals <code>xsd:boolean</code>, set
+ <i>converted value</i> to <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> if the
+ <a class="tref externalDFN" title="lexical-form" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-lexical-form">lexical form</a>
+ of <i>value</i> matches <code>true</code>, or <code>false</code> if
+ it matches <code>false</code>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if the
+ <a class="tref externalDFN" title="datatype-iri" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-datatype-iri">datatype <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>
+ of <i>value</i> equals <code>xsd:integer</code> or
+ <code>xsd:double</code>, try to convert the literal to a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">JSON number</a>. If the conversion is
+ successful, store the result in <i>converted value</i>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, if <i>value</i> is a
+ <a class="tref externalDFN" title="language-tagged-string" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-language-tagged-string">language-tagged string</a>
+ add a member <code>@language</code> to <i>result</i> and set its value to the
+ <a class="tref externalDFN" title="language-tag" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-language-tag">language tag</a>
+ of <i>value</i>.</li>
+ <li>Otherwise, set <i>type</i> to the
+ <a class="tref externalDFN" title="datatype-iri" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-datatype-iri">datatype <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>
+ of <i>value</i>, unless it equals <code>xsd:string</code> which is ignored.</li>
+ <li>Add a member <code>@value</code> to <i>result</i> whose value
+ is set to <i>converted value</i>.</li>
+ <li>If <i>type</i> is not <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, add a member <code>@type</code>
+ to <i>result</i> whose value is set to <i>type</i>.</li>
+ <li>Return <i>result</i>.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="data-round-tripping">
+ <h3><span class="secno">10.6 </span>Data Round Tripping</h3>
+
+ <p>When <a href="#rdf-conversion">converting JSON-LD to RDF</a> JSON-native types such as
+ <em>numbers</em> and <em>booleans</em> are automatically coerced to
+ <code>xsd:integer</code>, <code>xsd:double</code>, or <code>xsd:boolean</code>.
+ Implementers <em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">MUST</em> ensure that the result is in <a class="tref internalDFN" title="canonical-lexical-form" href="#dfn-canonical-lexical-form">canonical lexical form</a>. A
+ <dfn title="canonical-lexical-form" id="dfn-canonical-lexical-form">canonical lexical form</dfn> is a set of literals from among the valid set of literals for
+ a datatype such that there is a one-to-one mapping between the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="canonical-lexical-form" href="#dfn-canonical-lexical-form">canonical lexical form</a>
+ and a value in the value space as defined in [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">XMLSCHEMA11-2</a></cite>]. In other words, every
+ value <em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">MUST</em> be converted to a deterministic <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a> representation.</p>
+
+ <p>The canonical lexical form of an <em>integer</em>, i.e., a number without fractions
+ or a number coerced to <code>xsd:integer</code>, is a finite-length sequence of decimal
+ digits (<code>0-9</code>) with an optional leading minus sign; leading zeros are prohibited.
+ To convert the number in JavaScript, implementers can use the following snippet of code:</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 12</span>: Sample integer serialization implementation in JavaScript</div><pre class="example">(value).toFixed(0).toString()</pre></div>
+
+ <p>The canonical lexical form of a <em>double</em>, i.e., a number with fractions
+ or a number coerced to <code>xsd:double</code>, consists of a mantissa followed by the
+ character "E", followed by an exponent. The mantissa <em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">MUST</em> be a decimal number. The exponent
+ <em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">MUST</em> be an integer. Leading zeros and a preceding plus sign (<code>+</code>) are prohibited
+ in the exponent. If the exponent is zero, it must be indicated by <code>E0</code>.
+ For the mantissa, the preceding optional plus sign is prohibited and the decimal point is
+ required. Leading and trailing zeros are prohibited subject to the following: number
+ representations must be normalized such that there is a single digit which is non-zero to the
+ left of the decimal point and at least a single digit to the right of the decimal point unless
+ the value being represented is zero. The canonical representation for zero is <code>0.0E0</code>.
+ <code>xsd:double</code>'s value space is defined by the IEEE double-precision 64-bit
+ floating point type [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-IEEE-754-1985">IEEE-754-1985</a></cite>]; in JSON-LD the mantissa is rounded to 15 digits after the
+ decimal point.</p>
+
+ <p>To convert the number in JavaScript, implementers can use the following snippet of code:</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 13</span>: Sample floating point number serialization implementation in JavaScript</div><pre class="example">(value).toExponential(15).replace(/(\d)0*e\+?/,'$1E')</pre></div>
+
+ <div class="note"><div class="note-title"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">When data such as decimals need to be normalized, JSON-LD authors should
+ not use values that are going to undergo automatic conversion. This is due to the lossy nature
+ of <code>xsd:double</code> values. Authors should instead use the expanded object form to
+ set the canonical lexical form directly.</p></div>
+
+ <p>The canonical lexical form of the <em>boolean</em> values <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a> and <a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">false</a>
+ are the strings <code>true</code> and <code>false</code>.</p>
+
+ <p>When JSON-native <a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">number</a>s, are type coerced, lossless data round-tripping can not
+ be guaranteed as rounding errors might occur. Additionally, only literals typed as
+ <code>xsd:integer</code>, <code>xsd:double</code>, and <code>xsd:boolean</code> are
+ automatically converted back to their JSON-native counterparts in when
+ <a href="#rdf-conversion">converting from RDF</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Some JSON serializers, such as PHP's native implementation in some versions,
+ backslash-escape the forward slash character. For example, the value
+ <code>http://example.com/</code> would be serialized as <code>http:\/\/example.com\/</code>.
+ This is problematic as other JSON parsers might not understand those escaping characters.
+ There is no need to backslash-escape forward slashes in JSON-LD. To aid interoperability
+ between JSON-LD processors, a JSON-LD serializer <em class="rfc2119" title="MUST NOT">MUST NOT</em> backslash-escape forward slashes.</p>
+ </section>
+<!-- end of Data Round Tripping -->
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="the-application-programming-interface">
+
+<!--OddPage-->
+<h2><span class="secno">11. </span>The Application Programming Interface</h2>
+
+ <p>This API provides a clean mechanism that enables developers to convert
+ JSON-LD data into a a variety of output formats that are often easier to
+ work with. A conformant JSON-LD Processor <em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">MUST</em> implement the entirety of the
+ following API.</p>
+
+ <section id="jsonldprocessor">
+ <h3><span class="secno">11.1 </span>JsonLdProcessor</h3>
+
+ <p>The JSON-LD Processor interface is the high-level programming structure
+ that developers use to access the JSON-LD transformation methods.</p>
+
+ <p>It is important to highlight that conformant <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-processor" href="#dfn-json-ld-processor">JSON-LD processors</a>
+ <em class="rfc2119" title="MUST NOT">MUST NOT</em> modify the input parameters.</p>
+
+ <pre class="idl"><span class="idlInterface" id="idl-def-JsonLdProcessor">[<span class="extAttr">Constructor</span>]
+interface <span class="idlInterfaceID">JsonLdProcessor</span> {
+<span class="idlMethod"> <span class="idlMethType"><a>void</a></span> <span class="idlMethName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdProcessor-expand-void-object-object---DOMString-input-JsonLdCallback-callback-JsonLdOptions-options">expand</a></span> (<span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType">(<a>object</a> or <a>object[]</a> or <a>DOMString</a>)</span> <span class="idlParamName">input</span></span>, <span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdCallback" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdCallback</code></a></span> <span class="idlParamName">callback</span></span>, <span class="idlParam">optional <span class="idlParamType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdOptions" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdOptions</code></a>?</span> <span class="idlParamName">options</span></span>);</span>
+<span class="idlMethod"> <span class="idlMethType"><a>void</a></span> <span class="idlMethName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdProcessor-compact-void-object-object---DOMString-input-object-DOMString-context-JsonLdCallback-callback-JsonLdOptions-options">compact</a></span> (<span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType">(<a>object</a> or <a>object[]</a> or <a>DOMString</a>)</span> <span class="idlParamName">input</span></span>, <span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType">(<a>object</a> or <a>DOMString</a>)</span> <span class="idlParamName">context</span></span>, <span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdCallback" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdCallback</code></a></span> <span class="idlParamName">callback</span></span>, <span class="idlParam">optional <span class="idlParamType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdOptions" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdOptions</code></a>?</span> <span class="idlParamName">options</span></span>);</span>
+<span class="idlMethod"> <span class="idlMethType"><a>void</a></span> <span class="idlMethName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdProcessor-flatten-void-object-object---DOMString-input-object-DOMString-context-JsonLdCallback-callback-JsonLdOptions-options">flatten</a></span> (<span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType">(<a>object</a> or <a>object[]</a> or <a>DOMString</a>)</span> <span class="idlParamName">input</span></span>, <span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType">(<a>object</a> or <a>DOMString</a>)?</span> <span class="idlParamName">context</span></span>, <span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdCallback" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdCallback</code></a></span> <span class="idlParamName">callback</span></span>, <span class="idlParam">optional <span class="idlParamType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdOptions" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdOptions</code></a>?</span> <span class="idlParamName">options</span></span>);</span>
+};</span></pre><section><h4 id="methods">Methods</h4><dl class="methods"><dt id="widl-JsonLdProcessor-compact-void-object-object---DOMString-input-object-DOMString-context-JsonLdCallback-callback-JsonLdOptions-options"><code>compact</code></dt><dd>
+ <a href="#compaction">Compacts</a> the given <code>input</code> using the
+ <code>context</code> according to the steps in the
+ <a href="#compaction-algorithm">Compaction algorithm</a>.
+
+
+ <table class="parameters"><tr><th>Parameter</th><th>Type</th><th>Nullable</th><th>Optional</th><th>Description</th></tr><tr><td class="prmName">input</td><td class="prmType"><code>(<a>object</a> or <a>object[]</a> or <a>DOMString</a>)</code></td><td class="prmNullFalse">✘</td><td class="prmOptFalse">✘</td><td class="prmDesc">The JSON-LD object or array of JSON-LD objects to perform the compaction upon or an
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> referencing the JSON-LD document to compact.</td></tr><tr><td class="prmName">context</td><td class="prmType"><code>(<a>object</a> or <a>DOMString</a>)</code></td><td class="prmNullFalse">✘</td><td class="prmOptFalse">✘</td><td class="prmDesc">The context to use when compacting the <code>input</code>; either in the
+ form of a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> or as <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>.</td></tr><tr><td class="prmName">callback</td><td class="prmType"><code><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdCallback" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdCallback</code></a></code></td><td class="prmNullFalse">✘</td><td class="prmOptFalse">✘</td><td class="prmDesc">A callback that is called when processing completed successfully
+ on the given <code>input</code>, or a fatal error prevented
+ processing from completing.</td></tr><tr><td class="prmName">options</td><td class="prmType"><code><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdOptions" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdOptions</code></a></code></td><td class="prmNullTrue">✔</td><td class="prmOptTrue">✔</td><td class="prmDesc">A set of options to configure the algorithms. This allows, e.g.,
+ to set the input document's base <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>.</td></tr></table><div><em>Return type: </em><code><a>void</a></code></div></dd><dt id="widl-JsonLdProcessor-expand-void-object-object---DOMString-input-JsonLdCallback-callback-JsonLdOptions-options"><code>expand</code></dt><dd>
+ <a href="#expansion">Expands</a> the given <code>input</code> according to
+ the steps in the <a href="#expansion-algorithm">Expansion algorithm</a>.
+
+
+ <table class="parameters"><tr><th>Parameter</th><th>Type</th><th>Nullable</th><th>Optional</th><th>Description</th></tr><tr><td class="prmName">input</td><td class="prmType"><code>(<a>object</a> or <a>object[]</a> or <a>DOMString</a>)</code></td><td class="prmNullFalse">✘</td><td class="prmOptFalse">✘</td><td class="prmDesc">The JSON-LD object or array of JSON-LD objects to perform the expansion upon or an
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> referencing the JSON-LD document to expand.</td></tr><tr><td class="prmName">callback</td><td class="prmType"><code><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdCallback" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdCallback</code></a></code></td><td class="prmNullFalse">✘</td><td class="prmOptFalse">✘</td><td class="prmDesc">A callback that is called when processing completed successfully
+ on the given <code>input</code>, or a fatal error prevented
+ processing from completing.</td></tr><tr><td class="prmName">options</td><td class="prmType"><code><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdOptions" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdOptions</code></a></code></td><td class="prmNullTrue">✔</td><td class="prmOptTrue">✔</td><td class="prmDesc">A set of options to configure the used algorithms such. This allows, e.g.,
+ to set the input document's base <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>.</td></tr></table><div><em>Return type: </em><code><a>void</a></code></div></dd><dt id="widl-JsonLdProcessor-flatten-void-object-object---DOMString-input-object-DOMString-context-JsonLdCallback-callback-JsonLdOptions-options"><code>flatten</code></dt><dd>
+ <a href="#flattening">Flattens</a> the given <code>input</code> and
+ <a href="#compaction">compacts</a> it using the passed <code>context</code>
+ according to the steps in the <a href="#flattening-algorithm">Flattening algorithm</a>.
+
+
+ <table class="parameters"><tr><th>Parameter</th><th>Type</th><th>Nullable</th><th>Optional</th><th>Description</th></tr><tr><td class="prmName">input</td><td class="prmType"><code>(<a>object</a> or <a>object[]</a> or <a>DOMString</a>)</code></td><td class="prmNullFalse">✘</td><td class="prmOptFalse">✘</td><td class="prmDesc">The JSON-LD object or array of JSON-LD objects or an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>
+ referencing the JSON-LD document to flatten.</td></tr><tr><td class="prmName">context</td><td class="prmType"><code>(<a>object</a> or <a>DOMString</a>)</code></td><td class="prmNullTrue">✔</td><td class="prmOptFalse">✘</td><td class="prmDesc">The context to use when compacting the flattened <code>input</code>; either
+ in the form of a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a> or as <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>. If
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a> is passed, the result will not be compacted but kept
+ in expanded form.</td></tr><tr><td class="prmName">callback</td><td class="prmType"><code><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdCallback" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdCallback</code></a></code></td><td class="prmNullFalse">✘</td><td class="prmOptFalse">✘</td><td class="prmDesc">A callback that is called when processing completed successfully
+ on the given <code>input</code>, or a fatal error prevented
+ processing from completing.</td></tr><tr><td class="prmName">options</td><td class="prmType"><code><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdOptions" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdOptions</code></a></code></td><td class="prmNullTrue">✔</td><td class="prmOptTrue">✔</td><td class="prmDesc">A set of options to configure the used algorithms such. This allows, e.g.,
+ to set the input document's base <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>.</td></tr></table><div><em>Return type: </em><code><a>void</a></code></div></dd></dl></section>
+ </section>
+<!-- end of JsonLdProcessor -->
+
+
+ <section id="callbacks">
+ <h3><span class="secno">11.2 </span>Callbacks</h3>
+
+ <p>JSON-LD processors utilize callbacks in order to exchange information in
+ an asynchronous manner with applications. This section details the
+ parameters of those callbacks.</p>
+
+ <section>
+ <h4 id="jsonldcallback">JsonLdCallback</h4>
+ <p>The <a href="#idl-def-JsonLdCallback" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdCallback</code></a> is called when an API method of
+ <a href="#idl-def-JsonLdProcessor" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdProcessor</code></a> has been completed, either successfully or
+ by a fatal error.</p>
+
+ <pre class="idl"><span class="idlCallback" id="idl-def-JsonLdCallback">callback <span class="idlCallbackID">JsonLdCallback</span> = <span class="idlCallbackType"><a>void</a></span> (<span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdError" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdError</code></a></span> <span class="idlParamName">error</span></span>, <span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType"><a>object or object</a>[]</span> <span class="idlParamName">document</span></span>);</span></pre><section><h5 id="callback-jsonldcallback-parameters">Callback <a class="idlType" href="#idl-def-JsonLdCallback"><code>JsonLdCallback</code></a> Parameters</h5><dl class="callback-members"><dt id="widl-JsonLdCallback-error"><code>error</code> of type <span class="idlMemberType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdError" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdError</code></a></span></dt><dd>If the value is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, then no issue was detected
+ during processing. Otherwise, a processing error was detected and
+ the details are contained within the <em>error</em> object.</dd><dt id="widl-JsonLdCallback-document"><code>document</code> of type array of <span class="idlMemberType"><a>object or object</a></span></dt><dd>The processed JSON-LD document.</dd></dl></section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <h4 id="loadcontextcallback">LoadContextCallback</h4>
+ <p>The <a href="#idl-def-LoadContextCallback" class="idlType"><code>LoadContextCallback</code></a> defines the callback that custom context loaders
+ have to implement to be used to retrieve remote contexts.</p>
+
+ <pre class="idl"><span class="idlCallback" id="idl-def-LoadContextCallback">callback <span class="idlCallbackID">LoadContextCallback</span> = <span class="idlCallbackType"><a>void</a></span> (<span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType"><a>DOMString</a></span> <span class="idlParamName">url</span></span>, <span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType"><a href="#idl-def-ContextLoadedCallback" class="idlType"><code>ContextLoadedCallback</code></a></span> <span class="idlParamName">callback</span></span>);</span></pre><section><h5 id="callback-loadcontextcallback-parameters">Callback <a class="idlType" href="#idl-def-LoadContextCallback"><code>LoadContextCallback</code></a> Parameters</h5><dl class="callback-members"><dt id="widl-LoadContextCallback-url"><code>url</code> of type <span class="idlMemberType"><a>DOMString</a></span></dt><dd>The URL of the remote context to load.</dd><dt id="widl-LoadContextCallback-callback"><code>callback</code> of type <span class="idlMemberType"><a href="#idl-def-ContextLoadedCallback" class="idlType"><code>ContextLoadedCallback</code></a></span></dt><dd>The callback that is called when the remote context has been
+ successfully loaded or an error preventing its loading has been
+ detected.</dd></dl></section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <h4 id="contextloadedcallback">ContextLoadedCallback</h4>
+ <p>The <a href="#idl-def-ContextLoadedCallback" class="idlType"><code>ContextLoadedCallback</code></a> is called in response to a call
+ of the <a href="#idl-def-LoadContextCallback" class="idlType"><code>LoadContextCallback</code></a>.</p>
+
+ <pre class="idl"><span class="idlCallback" id="idl-def-ContextLoadedCallback">callback <span class="idlCallbackID">ContextLoadedCallback</span> = <span class="idlCallbackType"><a>void</a></span> (<span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdError" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdError</code></a></span> <span class="idlParamName">error</span></span>, <span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType"><a>DOMString</a></span> <span class="idlParamName">url</span></span>, <span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType"><a>DOMString</a></span> <span class="idlParamName">context</span></span>);</span></pre><section><h5 id="callback-contextloadedcallback-parameters">Callback <a class="idlType" href="#idl-def-ContextLoadedCallback"><code>ContextLoadedCallback</code></a> Parameters</h5><dl class="callback-members"><dt id="widl-ContextLoadedCallback-error"><code>error</code> of type <span class="idlMemberType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdError" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdError</code></a></span></dt><dd>If the value is <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>, then no issue was detected
+ during processing. Otherwise, a processing issue was detected and
+ the details are contained within the <em>error</em> object. All
+ errors <em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">MUST</em> have a <a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdErrorCode</code></a> of
+ <code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.loading-remote-context-failed">loading remote context failed</a></code>.</dd><dt id="widl-ContextLoadedCallback-url"><code>url</code> of type <span class="idlMemberType"><a>DOMString</a></span></dt><dd>The final URL of the loaded JSON-LD context. This is important
+ to handle HTTP redirects properly.</dd><dt id="widl-ContextLoadedCallback-context"><code>context</code> of type <span class="idlMemberType"><a>DOMString</a></span></dt><dd>The raw content of the retrieved JSON-LD context.</dd></dl></section>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+<!-- end of Callbacks -->
+
+
+ <section id="data-structures">
+ <h3><span class="secno">11.3 </span>Data Structures</h3>
+ <p>This section describes datatype definitions used within the JSON-LD API.</p>
+
+ <section>
+ <h4 id="jsonldoptions">JsonLdOptions</h4>
+ <p>The <a href="#idl-def-JsonLdOptions" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdOptions</code></a> type is used to pass various options to the
+ <a href="#idl-def-JsonLdProcessor" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdProcessor</code></a> methods.</p>
+ <pre class="idl"><span class="idlDictionary" id="idl-def-JsonLdOptions">dictionary <span class="idlDictionaryID">JsonLdOptions</span> {
+<span class="idlMember"> <span class="idlMemberType"><a>DOMString</a></span> <span class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-base">base</a></span>;</span>
+<span class="idlMember"> <span class="idlMemberType"><a>boolean</a></span> <span class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-compactArrays">compactArrays</a></span> = <span class="idlMemberValue">true</span>;</span>
+<span class="idlMember"> <span class="idlMemberType"><a href="#idl-def-LoadContextCallback" class="idlType"><code>LoadContextCallback</code></a></span> <span class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-loadContext">loadContext</a></span>;</span>
+<span class="idlMember"> <span class="idlMemberType"><a>object or DOMString</a></span> <span class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-expandContext">expandContext</a></span> = <span class="idlMemberValue">null</span>;</span>
+<span class="idlMember"> <span class="idlMemberType"><a>DOMString</a></span> <span class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-processingMode">processingMode</a></span> = <span class="idlMemberValue">"json-ld-1.0"</span>;</span>
+};</span></pre><section><h5 id="dictionary-jsonldoptions-members">Dictionary <a class="idlType" href="#idl-def-JsonLdOptions"><code>JsonLdOptions</code></a> Members</h5><dl class="dictionary-members"><dt id="widl-JsonLdOptions-base"><code>base</code> of type <span class="idlMemberType"><a>DOMString</a></span></dt><dd>The Base <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> to use when expanding or compacting the document. This overrides the value of
+ <em>input</em> if it is a <a><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>. If not specified and <em>input</em> is not
+ an <a><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>, the base <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> defaults to the current document <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> if in a browser context,
+ or the empty string if there is no document context.
+ <div class="issue"><div class="issue-title"><a href="https://github.com/json-ld/json-ld.org/issues/223"><span>Issue 223</span></a>: Feature at risk</div><p class="atrisk">The default value of this option
+ implies that all IRIs that cannot be compacted otherwise are transformed to relative IRIs
+ during compaction. To avoid that data is being lost, developers thus have to store the
+ base <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> along with the compacted document. This might be problematic in practice and
+ thus the default behavior might be changed in future. Furthermore, the relationship
+ of this option to the <code>@base</code> keyword (which is at risk) should be further
+ investigated.</p></div>
+ </dd><dt id="widl-JsonLdOptions-compactArrays"><code>compactArrays</code> of type <span class="idlMemberType"><a>boolean</a></span>, defaulting to <code>true</code></dt><dd>If set to <code>true</code>, the JSON-LD processor replaces arrays with just
+ one element with that element during compaction. If set to <code>false</code>,
+ all arrays will remain arrays even if they have just one element.
+ </dd><dt id="widl-JsonLdOptions-expandContext"><code>expandContext</code> of type <span class="idlMemberType"><a>object or DOMString</a></span>, defaulting to <code>null</code></dt><dd>A context that is used to initialize the active context when expanding a document.</dd><dt id="widl-JsonLdOptions-loadContext"><code>loadContext</code> of type <span class="idlMemberType"><a href="#idl-def-LoadContextCallback" class="idlType"><code>LoadContextCallback</code></a></span></dt><dd>The callback of the context loader to be used to retrieve remote contexts.
+ If specified, it <em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">MUST</em> be used to retrieve remote contexts; otherwise, if not specified,
+ the processor's built-in context loader <em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">MUST</em> be used.</dd><dt id="widl-JsonLdOptions-processingMode"><code>processingMode</code> of type <span class="idlMemberType"><a>DOMString</a></span>, defaulting to <code>"json-ld-1.0"</code></dt><dd>If set to <code>json-ld-1.0</code>, the JSON-LD Processor <em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">MUST</em> produce
+ exactly the same results as the algorithms defined in this specification.
+ If set to another value, the JSON-LD Processor is allowed to extend
+ or modify the algorithms defined in this specification to enable
+ application-specific optimizations. The definition of such
+ optimizations is beyond the scope of this specification and thus
+ not defined. Consequently, different implementations <em class="rfc2119" title="MAY">MAY</em> implement
+ different optimizations. Developers <em class="rfc2119" title="MUST NOT">MUST NOT</em> define modes beginning
+ with <code>json-ld</code> as they are reserved for future versions
+ of this specification.</dd></dl></section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <h4 id="jsonlderror">JsonLdError</h4>
+
+ <p>The <a href="#idl-def-JsonLdError" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdError</code></a> type is used to report processing errors
+ to a <a href="#idl-def-JsonLdCallback" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdCallback</code></a>.</p>
+
+ <pre class="idl"><span class="idlDictionary" id="idl-def-JsonLdError">dictionary <span class="idlDictionaryID">JsonLdError</span> {
+<span class="idlMember"> <span class="idlMemberType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdErrorCode</code></a></span> <span class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdError-code">code</a></span>;</span>
+<span class="idlMember"> <span class="idlMemberType"><a>DOMString</a>?</span> <span class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdError-message">message</a></span>;</span>
+};</span></pre><section><h5 id="dictionary-jsonlderror-members">Dictionary <a class="idlType" href="#idl-def-JsonLdError"><code>JsonLdError</code></a> Members</h5><dl class="dictionary-members"><dt id="widl-JsonLdError-code"><code>code</code> of type <span class="idlMemberType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdErrorCode</code></a></span></dt><dd>a string representing the particular error type, as described in
+ the various algorithms in this document.</dd><dt id="widl-JsonLdError-message"><code>message</code> of type <span class="idlMemberType"><a>DOMString</a></span>, nullable</dt><dd>an optional error message containing additional debugging information.
+ The specific contents of error messages are outside the scope of this
+ specification.</dd></dl></section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <h4 id="jsonlderrorcode">JsonLdErrorCode</h4>
+ <p>The <a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdErrorCode</code></a> represents the collection of valid JSON-LD error
+ codes.</p>
+
+ <pre class="idl"><span class="idlEnum" id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode">enum <span class="idlEnumID">JsonLdErrorCode</span> {
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-syntax" class="idlEnumItem">invalid syntax</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.list-of-lists-detected" class="idlEnumItem">list of lists detected</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--index-value" class="idlEnumItem">invalid @index value</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.conflicting-indexes" class="idlEnumItem">conflicting indexes</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--id-value" class="idlEnumItem">invalid @id value</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-local-context" class="idlEnumItem">invalid local context</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.loading-remote-context-failed" class="idlEnumItem">loading remote context failed</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-remote-context" class="idlEnumItem">invalid remote context</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.recursive-context-inclusion" class="idlEnumItem">recursive context inclusion</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-base-IRI" class="idlEnumItem">invalid base IRI</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-vocab-mapping" class="idlEnumItem">invalid vocab mapping</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-default-language" class="idlEnumItem">invalid default language</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.keyword-redefinition" class="idlEnumItem">keyword redefinition</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-term-definition" class="idlEnumItem">invalid term definition</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-reverse-property" class="idlEnumItem">invalid reverse property</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-IRI-mapping" class="idlEnumItem">invalid IRI mapping</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.cyclic-IRI-mapping" class="idlEnumItem">cyclic IRI mapping</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-keyword-alias" class="idlEnumItem">invalid keyword alias</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-type-mapping" class="idlEnumItem">invalid type mapping</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-mapping" class="idlEnumItem">invalid language mapping</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.colliding-keywords" class="idlEnumItem">colliding keywords</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-container-mapping" class="idlEnumItem">invalid container mapping</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-type-value" class="idlEnumItem">invalid type value</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-value-object" class="idlEnumItem">invalid value object</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-value-object-value" class="idlEnumItem">invalid value object value</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-tagged-string" class="idlEnumItem">invalid language-tagged string</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-tagged-value" class="idlEnumItem">invalid language-tagged value</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-typed-value" class="idlEnumItem">invalid typed value</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-map-value" class="idlEnumItem">invalid language map value</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.compaction-to-list-of-lists" class="idlEnumItem">compaction to list of lists</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-reverse-property-map" class="idlEnumItem">invalid reverse property map</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--reverse-value" class="idlEnumItem">invalid @reverse value</a>",
+ "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-reverse-property-value" class="idlEnumItem">invalid reverse property value</a>"
+};</span></pre><table class="simple"><tr><th colspan="2">Enumeration description</th></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-syntax">invalid syntax</code></td><td>The document could not be parsed as JSON.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.list-of-lists-detected">list of lists detected</code></td><td>A list of lists was detected. List of lists are not supported in
+ this version of JSON-LD due to the algorithmic complexity associated
+ with conversion to RDF.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--index-value">invalid @index value</code></td><td>An <code>@index</code> member was encountered whose value was
+ not a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.conflicting-indexes">conflicting indexes</code></td><td>Multiple conflicting indexes have been found for the same node.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--id-value">invalid @id value</code></td><td>An <code>@id</code> member was encountered whose value was not a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-local-context">invalid local context</code></td><td>In invalid <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a> was detected.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.loading-remote-context-failed">loading remote context failed</code></td><td>There was a problem encountered loading a remote context.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-remote-context">invalid remote context</code></td><td>No valid context document has been found for a referenced,
+ remote context.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.recursive-context-inclusion">recursive context inclusion</code></td><td>A cycle in remote context inclusions has been detected.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-base-IRI">invalid base IRI</code></td><td>An invalid <a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri">base <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> has been detected, i.e., it is
+ neither an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">absolute <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> nor <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-vocab-mapping">invalid vocab mapping</code></td><td>An invalid <a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">vocabulary mapping</a> has been detected, i.e.,
+ it is neither an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">absolute <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a> nor <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-default-language">invalid default language</code></td><td>The value of the <a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language">default language</a> is not a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a>
+ or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a> and thus invalid.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.keyword-redefinition">keyword redefinition</code></td><td>A <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">keyword</a> redefinition has been detected.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-term-definition">invalid term definition</code></td><td>An invalid <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a> has been detected.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-reverse-property">invalid reverse property</code></td><td>An invalid reverse property definition has been detected.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-IRI-mapping">invalid IRI mapping</code></td><td>A <a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">local context</a> contains a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">term</a> that has
+ an invalid or missing <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> mapping</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.cyclic-IRI-mapping">cyclic IRI mapping</code></td><td>A cycle in <a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> mappings</a> has been detected.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-keyword-alias">invalid keyword alias</code></td><td>An invalid <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">keyword</a> alias definition has been
+ encountered.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-type-mapping">invalid type mapping</code></td><td>An <code>@type</code> member in a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a>
+ was encountered whose value could not be expanded to an
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">absolute <abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr></a>.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-mapping">invalid language mapping</code></td><td>An <code>@language</code> member in a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">term definition</a>
+ was encountered whose value was neither a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a> nor
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a> and thus invalid.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.colliding-keywords">colliding keywords</code></td><td>Two properties which expand to the same keyword have been detected.
+ This might occur if a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">keyword</a> and an an alias thereof
+ are used at the same time.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-container-mapping">invalid container mapping</code></td><td>An <code>@container</code> member was encountered whose value was
+ not one of the following <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">strings</a>:
+ <code>@list</code>, <code>@set</code>, or <code>@index</code>.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-type-value">invalid type value</code></td><td>An invalid value for an <code>@type</code> member has been detected,
+ i.e., the value was neither a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a> nor an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a>
+ of <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">strings</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-value-object">invalid value object</code></td><td>A <a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object">value object</a> with disallowed members has been
+ detected.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-value-object-value">invalid value object value</code></td><td>An invalid value for the <code>@value</code> member of a
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object">value object</a> has been detected, i.e., it is neither
+ a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="scalar" href="#dfn-scalar">scalar</a> nor <a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">null</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-tagged-string">invalid language-tagged string</code></td><td>A <a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-tagged-string" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-language-tagged-string">language-tagged string</a> with an invalid language
+ value was detected.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-tagged-value">invalid language-tagged value</code></td><td>A <a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">number</a>, <a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">true</a>, or <a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">false</a> with an
+ associated language tag was detected.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-typed-value">invalid typed value</code></td><td>A <a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed-value" href="#dfn-typed-value">typed value</a> with an invalid type was detected.
+ </td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-map-value">invalid language map value</code></td><td>An invalid value in a <a class="tref externalDFN" title="language-map" href="../json-ld-syntax/#dfn-language-map">language map</a>
+ has been detected. It has to be a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">string</a> or an <a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">array</a> of
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">strings</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.compaction-to-list-of-lists">compaction to list of lists</code></td><td>The compacted document contains a list of lists as multiple
+ lists have been compacted to the same term.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-reverse-property-map">invalid reverse property map</code></td><td>An invalid reverse property map has been detected. No
+ <a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">keywords</a> apart from <code>@context</code>
+ are allowed in reverse property maps.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--reverse-value">invalid @reverse value</code></td><td>An invalid value for an <code>@reverse</code> member has been detected,
+ i.e., the value was not a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">JSON object</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-reverse-property-value">invalid reverse property value</code></td><td>An invalid value for a reverse property has been detected. The value of an inverse
+ property must be a <a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">node object</a>.</td></tr></table>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+<!-- end of Data Structures -->
+
+</section>
+<!-- end of The Application Programming Interfaces -->
+
+
+<section class="appendix informative" id="acknowledgements">
+
+<!--OddPage-->
+<h2><span class="secno">A. </span>Acknowledgements</h2><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+ <p>A large amount of thanks goes out to the JSON-LD Community Group
+ participants who worked through many of the technical issues on the mailing
+ list and the weekly telecons - of special mention are Niklas Lindström,
+ François Daoust, Lin Clark, and Zdenko 'Denny' Vrandečić.
+ The editors would like to thank Mark Birbeck, who provided a great deal of
+ the initial push behind the JSON-LD work via his work on RDFj.
+ The work of Dave Lehn and Mike Johnson are appreciated for reviewing,
+ and performing several implementations of the specification. Ian Davis is
+ thanked for his work on RDF/JSON. Thanks also to Nathan Rixham,
+ Bradley P. Allen, Kingsley Idehen, Glenn McDonald, Alexandre Passant,
+ Danny Ayers, Ted Thibodeau Jr., Olivier Grisel, Josh Mandel, Eric Prud'hommeaux,
+ David Wood, Guus Schreiber, Pat Hayes, Sandro Hawke, and Richard Cyganiak
+ or their input on the specification.</p>
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="references" class="appendix" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#references" rel="bibo:chapter">
+<!--OddPage-->
+<h2><span class="secno">B. </span>References</h2><section id="normative-references" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#normative-references" rel="bibo:chapter"><h3><span class="secno">B.1 </span>Normative references</h3><dl class="bibliography" about=""><dt id="bib-IEEE-754-1985">[IEEE-754-1985]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">IEEE. <cite>IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic.</cite> URL: <a href="http://standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/std_public/description/busarch/754-1985_desc.html">http://standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/std_public/description/busarch/754-1985_desc.html</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-JSON-LD">[JSON-LD]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">Manu Sporny, Gregg Kellogg, Markus Lanthaler, Editors. <cite><a href="http://json-ld.org/spec/latest/json-ld-syntax/">JSON-LD 1.0</a>.</cite> W3C Editor's Draft (work in progress). URL: <a href="http://json-ld.org/spec/latest/json-ld-syntax/">http://json-ld.org/spec/latest/json-ld-syntax/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-RDF-MT">[RDF-MT]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">Patrick Hayes. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-mt-20040210"><cite>RDF Semantics</cite></a>. 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-mt-20040210">http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-mt-20040210</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC2119">[RFC2119]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">S. Bradner. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><cite>Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.</cite></a> March 1997. Internet RFC 2119. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC3986">[RFC3986]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">T. Berners-Lee; R. Fielding; L. Masinter. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"><cite>Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax</cite></a>. January 2005. RFC 3986. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC3987">[RFC3987]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">M. Dürst; M. Suignard. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><cite>Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs)</cite></a>. January 2005. RFC 3987. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC4627">[RFC4627]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">D. Crockford. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt"><cite>The application/json Media Type for JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)</cite></a>. July 2006. RFC 4627. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-WEBIDL">[WEBIDL]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">Cameron McCormack, Editor. <cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-WebIDL-20120419/">Web IDL.</a></cite> 19 April 2012. W3C Candidate Recommendation (work in progress). URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-WebIDL-20120419/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-WebIDL-20120419/</a>. The latest edition is available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/WebIDL/">http://www.w3.org/TR/WebIDL/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">[XMLSCHEMA11-2]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">Henry S. Thompson et al. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/"><cite>W3C XML Schema Definition Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 2: Datatypes</cite></a>. 5 April 2012. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/</a>
+</dd></dl></section><section id="informative-references" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#informative-references" rel="bibo:chapter"><h3><span class="secno">B.2 </span>Informative references</h3><dl class="bibliography" about=""><dt id="bib-BCP47">[BCP47]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:references">A. Phillips; M. Davis. <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47"><cite>Tags for Identifying Languages</cite></a>. September 2009. IETF Best Current Practice. URL: <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47">http://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-ECMA-262">[ECMA-262]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:references"><a href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm"><cite>ECMAScript Language Specification.</cite></a> June 2011. URL: <a href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm">http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-JSON-LD-TESTS">[JSON-LD-TESTS]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:references"><cite><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/json-ld/raw-file/default/test-suite/">JSON-LD Test Suite</a></cite> (work in progress).
+</dd><dt id="bib-RDF11-CONCEPTS">[RDF11-CONCEPTS]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:references">Richard Cyganiak, David Wood, Editors. <cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-rdf11-concepts-20130115/">RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax.</a></cite> 15 January 2013. W3C Working Draft (work in progress). URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-rdf11-concepts-20130115/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-rdf11-concepts-20130115/</a>. The latest edition is available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/">http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-TURTLE">[TURTLE]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:references">Eric Prud'hommeaux, Gavin Carothers, Editors. <cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-turtle-20130219/">Turtle: Terse RDF Triple Language.</a></cite> 19 February 2013. W3C Candidate Recommendation (work in progress). URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-turtle-20130219/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-turtle-20130219/</a>. The latest edition is available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/">http://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/</a>
+</dd></dl></section></section></body></html>