--- a/rdf-primer/Overview.html Sun Dec 15 23:16:54 2013 +0100
+++ b/rdf-primer/Overview.html Sun Dec 15 23:19:06 2013 +0100
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
<style type="text/css">
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+ img.graph { width: 80%; }
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@@ -202,11 +203,11 @@
</p>
<h1 property="dcterms:title" id="title" class="title p-name">RDF 1.1 Primer</h1>
- <h2 content="2013-12-03T16:08:37.000Z" datatype="xsd:dateTime" property="dcterms:issued" id="w3c-first-public-working-draft-03-december-2013"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> First Public Working Draft <time datetime="2013-12-03" class="dt-published">03 December 2013</time></h2>
+ <h2 content="2013-12-16T23:00:00.000Z" datatype="xsd:dateTime" property="dcterms:issued" id="w3c-first-public-working-draft-17-december-2013"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> First Public Working Draft <time datetime="2013-12-17" class="dt-published">17 December 2013</time></h2>
<dl>
<dt>This version:</dt>
- <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-rdf11-primer-20131203/" class="u-url">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-rdf11-primer-20131203/</a></dd>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-rdf11-primer-20131217/" class="u-url">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-rdf11-primer-20131217/</a></dd>
<dt>Latest published version:</dt>
<dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-primer/">http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-primer/</a></dd>
@@ -294,15 +295,13 @@
<hr />
</div>
-<div class="head" role="contentinfo" id="respecHeader">
<section id="abstract" class="introductory" property="dcterms:abstract" datatype="" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#ref" rel="bibo:Chapter"><h2 aria-level="1" role="heading" id="h2_abstract">Abstract</h2>
-
<p>The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a language for
representing information about resources in the World Wide
Web. This primer is designed to provide the reader with the basic
knowledge required to effectively use RDF. It introduces the basic
concepts of RDF and shows concrete examples of the use of RDF. </p>
-</section><section class="introductory" id="sotd" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#ref" rel="bibo:Chapter"><h2 aria-level="1" role="heading" id="h2_sotd">Status of This Document</h2>
+ </section><section class="introductory" id="sotd" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#ref" rel="bibo:Chapter"><h2 aria-level="1" role="heading" id="h2_sotd">Status of This Document</h2>
@@ -313,14 +312,14 @@
http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em>
</p>
-
- <p>The RDF Working Group expects this document to become a Working
- Group Note. </p>
+ <p>The RDF Working Group expects this document to become a Working
+ Group Note.</p>
-
<p>
This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/rdf-wg/">RDF Working Group</a> as a First Public Working Draft.
+ This document is intended to become a <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Recommendation.
+
If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to
<a href="mailto:public-rdf-comments@w3.org">public-rdf-comments@w3.org</a>
@@ -350,8 +349,6 @@
Policy</a>.
- The group does not expect this document to become a <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Recommendation.
-
<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> maintains a <a rel="disclosure" href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46168/status">public list of any patent
@@ -371,24 +368,15 @@
-</section><section id="toc"><h2 class="introductory" aria-level="1" role="heading" id="h2_toc">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc" role="directory" id="respecContents"><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-Introduction" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-use-cases" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>Why use RDF?</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-data-model" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>RDF Data Model</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#subsection-triple" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1 </span>Triples</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#subsection-IRI" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2 </span>IRIs</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#subsection-literal" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3 </span>Literals</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#subsection-blank-node" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.4 </span>Blank nodes</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#subsection-multiple-graphs" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.5 </span>Multiple graphs</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-vocabulary" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span>RDF Vocabularies</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-graph-syntax" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5. </span>Writing RDF graphs</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#subsection-turtle" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1 </span>Turtle</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#subsection-trig" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2 </span>TriG</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#subsection-other-syntaxes" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3 </span>Other concrete syntaxes for RDF</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-semantics" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">6. </span>Semantics of RDF Graphs</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-data" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">7. </span>RDF Data</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-conclusion" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">8. </span>More Information</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-Acknowledgments" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A. </span>Acknowledgments</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#changes" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B. </span>Changes</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-other-syntaxes" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C. </span>Examples of RDF syntaxes</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#subsection-rdfa" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C.1 </span>RDFa</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#subsection-jsonld" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C.2 </span>JSON-LD</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#subsection-ntriples" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C.3 </span>N-Triples</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#subsection-nquads" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C.4 </span>N-Quads</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#subsection-rdf-xml" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C.5 </span>RDF/XML</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">D. </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">D.1 </span>Normative references</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">D.2 </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></section>
+</section><section id="toc"><h2 class="introductory" aria-level="1" role="heading" id="h2_toc">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc" role="directory" id="respecContents"><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-Introduction" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-use-cases" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>Why use RDF?</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-data-model" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>RDF Data Model</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#subsection-triple" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1 </span>Triples</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#subsection-IRI" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2 </span>IRIs</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#subsection-literal" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3 </span>Literals</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#subsection-blank-node" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.4 </span>Blank nodes</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#subsection-multiple-graphs" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.5 </span>Multiple graphs</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-vocabulary" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span>RDF Vocabularies</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-graph-syntax" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5. </span>Writing RDF graphs</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#subsection-turtle" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1 </span>Turtle</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#subsection-trig" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2 </span>TriG</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#subsection-other-syntaxes" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3 </span>Other concrete syntaxes for RDF</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-semantics" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">6. </span>Semantics of RDF Graphs</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-data" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">7. </span>RDF Data</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-conclusion" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">8. </span>More Information</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-Acknowledgments" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A. </span>Acknowledgments</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#changes" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B. </span>Changes</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-other-syntaxes" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C. </span>Examples of RDF syntaxes</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#subsection-rdfa" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C.1 </span>RDFa</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#subsection-ntriples" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C.2 </span>N-Triples</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#subsection-nquads" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C.3 </span>N-Quads</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#subsection-rdf-xml" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C.4 </span>RDF/XML</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">D. </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">D.1 </span>Normative references</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">D.2 </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></section>
+
-
-</div>
-
<section id="section-Introduction" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#ref" rel="bibo:Chapter">
<!--OddPage-->
<h2 aria-level="1" role="heading" id="h2_section-Introduction"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</h2>
- <div class="issue"><div class="issue-title" aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h_issue_1"><span>Issue 1</span></div><div class="">This document reflects current progress of the RDF Working
- Group towards updating the
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-primer-20040210/">2004
- version of the <em>RDF Primer</em></a>. The
- editors expect to work on a number of issues, some of which are
- listed in boxes like this throughout the document.</div></div>
-
<div class="note"><div class="note-title" aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h_note_1"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">This primer is an informative document. The
purpose is to give a light-weight overview of RDF 1.1.
Secs. 3-5 can be used as a minimalist introduction into the key
@@ -421,7 +409,7 @@
qualified as Linked Data [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-LINKED-DATA">LINKED-DATA</a></cite>]. </p>
<div class="note"><div class="note-title" aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h_note_2"><span>Note</span></div><div class="">
- An IRI is an "International Resource Identifier". See Sec. <a href="#subsection-IRI">"IRI"</a> for details.
+ An IRI is an "International Resource Identifier". See <a href="#subsection-IRI">Sec. 3.2</a> for details.
</div></div>
<p>This document is not normative and does not give a complete
@@ -438,18 +426,14 @@
<li>Turtle [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-TURTLE">TURTLE</a></cite>] and TriG [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-TRIG">TRIG</a></cite>]</li>
<li>JSON-LD [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-JSON-LD">JSON-LD</a></cite>] (JSON based)</li>
<li>RDFa [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDFA-PRIMER">RDFA-PRIMER</a></cite>] (for HTML embedding)</li>
- <li>N-Triples and N-Quads (line-based exchange formats)</li>
+ <li>N-Triples [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-N-TRIPLES">N-TRIPLES</a></cite>] and N-Quads [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-N-QUADS">N-QUADS</a></cite>]
+ (line-based exchange formats)</li>
+ <li>RDF/XML [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF11-XML">RDF11-XML</a></cite>] (the original 2004 syntax, updated
+ for RDF 1.1)</li>
</ul></li>
- <li>A document describing RDF Schema [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF-SCHEMA">RDF-SCHEMA</a></cite>], which
+ <li>A document describing RDF Schema [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF11-SCHEMA">RDF11-SCHEMA</a></cite>], which
provides a data-modeling vocabulary for RDF data. </li>
</ul>
-
-
-<!--
- <p>This primer provides a roadmap for people who want to study these
- normative RDF documents (see Sec. <a href="#section-roadmap">"Roadmap"</a>). </p>
- -->
-
</section>
@@ -526,8 +510,6 @@
<strong>property</strong>. Because RDF statements consist of
three elements they are called <strong>triples</strong>.
</p>
-
- <div class="issue"><div class="issue-title" aria-level="3" role="heading" id="h_issue_2"><span>Issue 2</span></div><p class="">Should we define "resource"?</p></div>
<p>Informally speaking, RDF allows us to make
statements of the form:</p>
@@ -545,10 +527,11 @@
<strong>graph</strong>. Graphs consists
of nodes and arcs. The subjects and
objects of the triples make up the nodes in the graph; the
- predicates form the arcs. </p>
+ predicates form the arcs. <a href="#fig-example-graph" class="fig-ref">Fig. 1</a>
+ shows the graph resulting from the sample triples.</p>
- <figure id="fig-informal-graph-of-the-sample-triples">
- <img alt="Informal graphs of the sample triples" src="example-graph.jpg" />
+ <figure id="fig-example-graph">
+ <img alt="Informal graphs of the sample triples" src="example-graph.jpg" class="graph" />
<figcaption>Fig. <span class="figno">1</span> <span class="fig-title">Informal graph of the sample triples</span></figcaption>
</figure>
@@ -561,9 +544,8 @@
particular encoding. Different encodings may
produce exactly the same graph from the perspective of the
abstract syntax. The semantics of RDF graphs [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF11-MT">RDF11-MT</a></cite>] are defined in
- terms of this abstract syntax. RDF syntax is introduced
- later in Sec. <a href="#section-graph-syntax">Writing RDF
- graphs</a>.</p></div>
+ terms of this abstract syntax. Concrete RDF syntax is introduced
+ later in <a href="#section-graph-syntax">Sec. 5</a>.</p></div>
<p>In the next three subsections we discuss the three types of RDF data
that occur in triples: IRIs, literals and blank nodes. </p>
@@ -590,7 +572,7 @@
<div class="example"><a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12418">http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12418</a></div>
- <p>The IRI for Leonardo da Vinci in <a href="http://dbpedia.org.org">DBpedia</a> is:</p>
+ <p>The IRI for Leonardo da Vinci in <a href="http://dbpedia.org">DBpedia</a> is:</p>
<div class="example"><a href="http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonardo_da_Vinci">http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonardo_da_Vinci</a></div>
@@ -598,23 +580,13 @@
<div class="example"><a href="http://data.europeana.eu/item/04802/243FA8618938F4117025F17A8B813C5F9AA4D619">http://data.europeana.eu/item/04802/243FA8618938F4117025F17A8B813C5F9AA4D619</a></div>
-
-<!--
- <figure>
- <img src="example-graph-iris.jpg"
- alt="Informal graphs of the sample triples, with IRIs">
- <figcaption>Informal graph of the sample triples, with IRIs</figcaption>
- </figure>
--->
-
-
<div class="note"><div class="note-title" aria-level="3" role="heading" id="h_note_4"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">RDF is agnostic about what the IRI stands for. However,
IRIs may be given meaning by particular vocabularies or
conventions. For example, <a href="http://wiki.dbpedia.org/Datasets#h338-3">DBpedia</a> uses IRIs of the form
<code>http://dbpedia.org/resource/Name</code> to denote the thing
described by the corresponding Wikipedia article.
- RDF vocabularies are discussed in more detail in Sec.
- <a href="#section-vocabulary">"RDF vocabularies"</a>. </p></div>
+ RDF vocabularies are discussed in more detail in
+ <a href="#section-vocabulary">Sec. 4</a>. </p></div>
</section>
@@ -622,7 +594,8 @@
<h3 aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h3_subsection-literal"><span class="secno">3.3 </span>Literals</h3>
- <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#section-Graph-Literal">Literals</a>
+ <p>
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#section-Graph-Literal">Literals</a>
are basic values that are not IRIs. Examples of literals include
strings such as "La Joconde", dates such as "the 4th of July, 1990"
and numbers such as "3.14159".
@@ -674,15 +647,6 @@
to denote resources without explicitly naming them with an
IRI.</p>
-
-<!--
- <p class="note">Blank nodes can make RDF look complicated,
- especially when one consults details about blank nodes in the RDF Concepts
- [[RDF11-CONCEPTS]] and RDF Semantics [[RDF11-MT]] documents. It
- should be noted that many RDF users in practice don't use blank nodes. </p>
- -->
-
-
</section>
<section id="subsection-multiple-graphs" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#ref" rel="bibo:Chapter">
@@ -690,10 +654,15 @@
<h3 aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h3_subsection-multiple-graphs"><span class="secno">3.5 </span>Multiple graphs</h3>
<p>RDF provides a mechanism to group RDF statements in multiple
- graphs and associate each graph with an IRI.</p><p>
+ graphs and associate each graph with an IRI. Multiple graphs in
+ an RDF document constitute an
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#section-dataset">RDF
+ dataset</a>. An RDF dataset may have multiple named graphs and
+ at most one default graph (i.e. a graph without a name). </p><p>
</p><p>For example, the
- statements in the <a href="#subsection-triple">first example</a> could be grouped in two
+ statements in the <a href="#subsection-triple">first example</a>
+ could be grouped in two named
graphs. A first graph could be provided by a social networking
site and identified by <code>http://example.org/bob</code>:</p>
@@ -716,33 +685,30 @@
<The video 'La Joconde à Washington'> <is about> <the Mona Lisa>
</pre>
- <p>We can then write down triples that include a graph name,
- for example:</p>
+ <p>In the example default (unnamed) graph below we see two triples that
+ have a graph name as subject: </p>
<pre> <http://example.org/bob> <is published by> <http://example.org>.
<http://example.org/bob> <has license> <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/>.
</pre>
- <p>These two triples could be interpreted as license and
- provenance information of the graph
- <code>http://example.org/bob</code>.</p>
-
- <div class="note"><div class="note-title" aria-level="3" role="heading" id="h_note_8"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">RDF does not define the way in which the graph name
- and the graph are related. It is therefore up to application developers to
- decide how to interpret such triples.</p></div>
+ <p>RDF 1.1 doesn't prescribe any specific semantics for
+ datasets. Possible semantics are described in a separate note
+ [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF11-DATASETS">RDF11-DATASETS</a></cite>]. In this example dataset we assume graph
+ names represent the source of the RDF data held within the
+ corresponding graphs, i.e. by retrieving
+ <code><http: bob="" example.org=""></http:></code> we would get access to the four triples
+ in that graph. In the example default graph we associate provenance
+ information (publisher, license) with the
+ <code><http: bob="" example.org=""></http:></code> graph.</p>
- <div class="issue"><div class="issue-title" aria-level="3" role="heading" id="h_issue_3"><span>Issue 3</span></div><p class="">The text above is still being debated and may
- be adapted/removed in future versions.
- </p></div>
+ <div class="note"><div class="note-title" aria-level="3" role="heading" id="h_note_8"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">RDF provides no way to convey this semantic
+ assumption (i.e., that graph names represent the source of the
+ RDF data) to other readers of the dataset. Those readers will
+ need to rely on out-of-band knowledge to interpret the dataset
+ in the intended way. </p></div>
- <p>Multiple graphs in an RDF document constitute an <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#section-dataset">RDF
- dataset</a>. An RDF dataset may have multiple named graphs and
- one default graph (i.e. without a name). The default graph
- could, for example, be used to record graph metadata, such as
- the two last statements which constitute publisher and license
- metadata about the first graph.</p>
-
- <p>Sec. <a href="#trig-syntax">"Trig syntax"</a> provides an example
+ <p><a href="#subsection-trig">Sec. 5.2</a> provides an example
of concrete syntax for this example.</p>
<div class="note"><div class="note-title" aria-level="3" role="heading" id="h_note_9"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">Multiple graphs are a recent extension of the RDF
@@ -752,13 +718,6 @@
language SPARQL. The RDF data model was therefore extended with a notion of
multiple graphs that is closely aligned with SPARQL. </p></div>
- <figure id="fig-informal-graph-of-the-multiple-graphs-example">
- <img alt="Informal graph of the multiple graphs example" src="example-multiple-graphs.jpg" />
- <figcaption>Fig. <span class="figno">2</span> <span class="fig-title">Informal graph of the multiple graphs example</span></figcaption>
- </figure>
-
- <div class="issue"><div class="issue-title" aria-level="3" role="heading" id="h_issue_4"><span>Issue 4</span></div><p class="">TODO: update figure</p></div>
-
</section>
</section>
@@ -778,7 +737,7 @@
<p>To support the definition of vocabularies RDF provides
the RDF-Schema language
- [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF-SCHEMA">RDF-SCHEMA</a></cite>]. This language allows one to define semantic
+ [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF11-SCHEMA">RDF11-SCHEMA</a></cite>]. This language allows one to define semantic
characteristics of
RDF data. For example, one can state that the IRI
<code>ex:friendOf</code> can be used as a property and that the
@@ -843,8 +802,8 @@
</table>
<div class="note"><div class="note-title" aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h_note_10"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">The syntactic form (second column) is in a prefix
-notation wich is discussed in more detail in Sec.
-<a href="#section-graph-syntax">"Writing RDF Graphs"</a>.
+notation wich is discussed in more detail in
+<a href="#section-graph-syntax">Sec. 5</a>.
The fact that the constructs have two different prefixes
(<code>rdf:</code> and <code>rdfs:</code>) is a somewhat annoying
historical artefact, which is preserved for backward
@@ -865,8 +824,8 @@
vocabularies are:</p>
<dl>
- <dt><a href="http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/">Dublic Core</a></dt>
- <dd>The Dublic Core Metadata Initiative maintains a metadata element
+ <dt><a href="http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/">Dublin Core</a></dt>
+ <dd>The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative maintains a metadata element
set for describing a wide range of resources. The vocabulary provides
properties such as "creator", "publisher" and "title".</dd>
@@ -917,8 +876,8 @@
consumption. The final subsection lists the other RDF syntaxes,
which include RDFa (for HTML embedding), JSON-LD (JSON-based syntax),
N-Triples/N-Quads (line-based exchange formats) and RDF/XML. In
- Appendix <a href="#section-other-syntaxes">"RDF syntax
- examples"</a> the reader can find for each RDF syntax
+ <a href="#section-other-syntaxes">Appendix C</a> the
+ reader can find for each RDF syntax
corresponding examples of the ones in this section. </p>
<section id="subsection-turtle" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#ref" rel="bibo:Chapter">
@@ -948,15 +907,12 @@
11 schema:birthDate "1990-07-04"^^xsd:date ;
12 foaf:topic_interest wd:Q12418 .
13
-14 <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonardo_da_Vinci>
-15 a foaf:Person ;
-16 foaf:name "Leonardo da Vinci" .
+14 wd:Q12418
+15 dcterms:title "Mona Lisa" ;
+16 dcterms:creator <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonardo_da_Vinci> .
17
-18 wd:Q12418
-19 dcterms:creator <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonardo_da_Vinci> .
-20
-21 <http://data.europeana.eu/item/04802/243FA8618938F4117025F17A8B813C5F9AA4D61set>
-22 dcterms:subject wd:Q12418 .</pre></div>
+18 <http://data.europeana.eu/item/04802/243FA8618938F4117025F17A8B813C5F9AA4D619>
+19 dcterms:subject wd:Q12418 .</pre></div>
<p>Lines 1-6 contain a number of directives which provide shorthands for
writing down IRIs. In Turtle IRIs are enclosed in angle brackets
@@ -969,7 +925,7 @@
<code><http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person></code>). A period is used to
signal the end of a Turtle statement. </p>
-<div class="issue"><div class="issue-title" aria-level="3" role="heading" id="h_issue_5"><span>Issue 5</span></div><p class="">
+<div class="issue"><div class="issue-title" aria-level="3" role="heading" id="h_issue_1"><span>Issue 1</span></div><p class="">
Use SPARQL-style prefix?
</p></div>
@@ -997,22 +953,21 @@
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-2/#date">date</a>.</p>
<p>Because string literals are so ubiquitous Turtle allows the user to
-omit the datatype when writing a string literal. Thus, <code>"Leonardo
-da Vinci"</code> in line 16 is equivalent to
-<code>"Leonardo da Vinci"^^xsd:string</code>. </p>
+omit the datatype when writing a string literal. Thus, <code>"Mona
+Lisa"</code> in line 15 is equivalent to
+<code>"Mona Lisa"^^xsd:string</code>. </p>
<p>The figure below shows the triples resulting from this example.</p>
-<figure id="fig-abstract-graph-single">
- <img alt="Triples resulting from the Turtle example" src="abstract-graph-single.jpg" />
- <figcaption>Fig. <span class="figno">3</span> <span class="fig-title">Triples resulting from the Turtle example. </span></figcaption>
-</figure>
-
-<div class="issue"><div class="issue-title" aria-level="3" role="heading" id="h_issue_6"><span>Issue 6</span></div><p class="">TODO: proper redesign of figure</p></div>
+ <figure id="fig-abstract-graph-single">
+ <img alt="Graph of the sample triples" src="example-graph-iris.jpg" class="graph" />
+ <figcaption>Fig. <span class="figno">2</span> <span class="fig-title">Graph of the Turtle example</span></figcaption>
+ </figure>
<p>In case of language-tagged strings the tag
appears directly after the string, separated by a <code>@</code>
-symbol, e.g. <code>"Léonard de Vinci"@fr</code>.</p>
+symbol, e.g. <code>"La Joconde"@fr</code> (the French name of the Mona
+Lisa).</p>
<div class="note"><div class="note-title" aria-level="3" role="heading" id="h_note_11"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">For technical reasons the datatype of language-tagged
strings is not <code>xsd:string</code> but
@@ -1030,7 +985,7 @@
_:x a dbpedia:Cypress .</pre></div>
<p>The term <code>_:x</code> is a blank node. It represents some
-unamed tree depicted in the Mona Lisa painting and belonging to the
+unnamed tree depicted in the Mona Lisa painting and belonging to the
"Cypress" class. </p>
<p>The above is by no means a full account of the Turtle syntax. For
@@ -1073,20 +1028,17 @@
16
17 <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/Q12418>
18 {
-19 <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonardo_da_Vinci>
-20 a foaf:Person ;
-21 foaf:name "Leonardo da Vinci" .
+19 wd:Q12418
+20 dcterms:title "Mona Lisa" ;
+21 dcterms:creator <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonardo_da_Vinci> .
22
-23 wd:Q12418
-24 dcterms:creator <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonardo_da_Vinci> .
-25
-26 <http://data.europeana.eu/item/04802/243FA8618938F4117025F17A8B813C5F9AA4D619>
-27 dcterms:subject wd:Q12418 .
-28 }
-29
-30 <http://example.org/bob>
-31 dcterms:publisher <http://example.org> ;
-32 dcterms:rights <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/> .</pre></div>
+23 <http://data.europeana.eu/item/04802/243FA8618938F4117025F17A8B813C5F9AA4D619>
+24 dcterms:subject wd:Q12418 .
+25 }
+26
+27 <http://example.org/bob>
+28 dcterms:publisher <http://example.org> ;
+29 dcterms:rights <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/> .</pre></div>
<p>This RDF dataset contains two named graphs. Lines 8 and 16 list
the names of these two graphs. The triples in the named graph are
@@ -1105,12 +1057,10 @@
<p>The figure below shows the triples resulting from this example.</p>
<figure id="fig-abstract-graph-multiple">
- <img alt="Triples resulting from the TriG example" src="http://www.example.org/abstract-graph-multiple" />
- <figcaption>Fig. <span class="figno">4</span> <span class="fig-title">Triples resulting from the TriG example</span></figcaption>
+ <img alt="Triples resulting from the TriG example" src="example-multiple-graphs.jpg" class="graph" />
+ <figcaption>Fig. <span class="figno">3</span> <span class="fig-title">Triples resulting from the TriG example</span></figcaption>
</figure>
- <div class="issue"><div class="issue-title" aria-level="3" role="heading" id="h_issue_7"><span>Issue 7</span></div><p class="">TODO: include figure</p></div>
-
</section>
<section id="subsection-other-syntaxes" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#ref" rel="bibo:Chapter">
@@ -1121,8 +1071,8 @@
for RDF data. These syntaxes were developed to cater for specific
application and/or usage needs. The examples given for each of
these syntaxes correspond to the same graph (i.e., the same set of
- triples) as the Turtle example (in the case of a single graph, see <a href="#fig-abstract-graph-single" class="fig-ref">Fig. 4</a>)or the TriG example
- (in the case of multiple graphs, see <a href="#fig-abstract-graph-multiple" class="fig-ref">Fig. 5</a>). </p>
+ triples) as the Turtle example (in the case of a single graph, see <a href="#fig-abstract-graph-single" class="fig-ref">Fig. 2</a>)or the TriG example
+ (in the case of multiple graphs, see <a href="#fig-abstract-graph-multiple" class="fig-ref">Fig. 3</a>). </p>
<dl>
<dt>RDFa</dt>
@@ -1191,7 +1141,7 @@
consequences are called <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-rdf11-mt-20131105/#semantic-extensions-and-entailment-regimes">entailments</a>. For
example, consider the following two statements:</p>
<pre> <code>ex:bob foaf:knows ex:alice .</code>
- <code>rdfs:domain foaf:knows foaf:Person .</code>
+ <code>foaf:knows rdfs:domain foaf:Person .</code>
</pre>
<p>The RDF Semantics document tell us that from this graph it is legal to
derive the following triple:</p>
@@ -1203,16 +1153,7 @@
an example of an RDF Schema entailment. For detailed
information about entailment regimes
please consult the RDF Semantics document [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF11-MT">RDF11-MT</a></cite>]. </p></div>
-
-
-<!--
- <p class="note">As we saw in the earlier <a
- href="#section-rurtle-example">Turtle example</a> (line 9) we could have
- used the shorthand <code>ex:bob a foaf:Person</code> for the example
- above. </p>
- -->
-
-
+
<p>The semantics of RDF also tell us that the triple:</p>
<pre> <code>ex:bob ex:age "forty"^^xsd:integer . </code>
</pre>
@@ -1224,7 +1165,7 @@
and language-tagged literals.</p></div>
<p>Unlike many other data
- modeling languages, RDF Schema allows considerble modelling
+ modeling languages, RDF Schema allows considerable modeling
freedom. For example, the same entity may be used
as both a class and a property. Also, there is no strict separation
between the world of "classes" and of "instances". Therefore, RDF
@@ -1300,9 +1241,6 @@
<p>This concludes our brief introduction into RDF. Please consult
the references to get more detailed information. You might also
want to take a look at the <a href="http://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/data"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Linked Data page</a>. </p>
-
- <div class="issue"><div class="issue-title" aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h_issue_8"><span>Issue 8</span></div><p class="">TODO: check whther this is the right place to
- point to in <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> space.</p></div>
</section>
@@ -1315,27 +1253,10 @@
different syntactic forms. Pierre-Antoine Champin provided the
alternate JSON-LD example. Andrew Wood designed the graph
diagrams. We are grateful for the comments provided by (in
- alphabetical order) Dan Brickley, Pierre-Antoine Champin, Pat
- Hayes and David Wood. </p>
-
- <div class="issue"><div class="issue-title" aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h_issue_9"><span>Issue 9</span></div><p class="">Should we still inclue the 2004 acknowledgements,
- given that the document is completely rewritten?</p></div>
-
-<!--
- <p>The RDF 2004 editors acknowledge the contributions from many
- members of the RDF Core Working Group. Specific thanks are due to
- Art Barstow, Dave Beckett, Dan Brickley, Ron Daniel, Ben
- Hammersley, Martyn Horner, Graham Klyne, Sean Palmer, Patrick
- Stickler, Aaron Swartz, Ralph Swick, and Garret Wilson who,
- together with the many people who commented on earlier versions of
- the Primer, provided valuable contributions to this document.
- In addition, this document contains a significant contribution from
- Pat Hayes, Sergey Melnik, and Patrick Stickler, who led the
- development of the RDF datatype facilities described in the RDF
- family of specifications. </p>
- -->
-
-
+ alphabetical order) Thomas Baker, Dan Brickley, Pierre-Antoine
+ Champin, Sandro Hawke, Patrick
+ Hayes, Ivan Herman, Markus Lanthaler, and David Wood. </p>
+
</section>
<section id="changes" class="appendix" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#ref" rel="bibo:Chapter">
@@ -1344,7 +1265,7 @@
<h2 aria-level="1" role="heading" id="h2_changes"><span class="secno">B. </span>Changes</h2>
<dl>
- <dt>Changes compared to 2004 version</dt>
+ <dt>Changes compared to 2004 Primer [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF-PRIMER">RDF-PRIMER</a></cite>]</dt>
<dd>The introduction contains a number of sentences from the
2004 document. For the rest the RDF 1.1 Primer is a completely
new document.</dd>
@@ -1357,7 +1278,7 @@
<!--OddPage-->
<h2 aria-level="1" role="heading" id="h2_section-other-syntaxes"><span class="secno">C. </span>Examples of RDF syntaxes</h2>
-<p>In Sec. <a href="#section-graph-syntax">"Writing RDF Graphs"</a> the
+<p>In <a href="#section-graph-syntax">Sec. 5</a> the
different concrete syntaxes of RDF are briefly described. Examples are
given only of the Turtle and TriG syntax. This appendix lists
corresponding examples for the other syntaxes listed. The
@@ -1387,7 +1308,7 @@
13 Bob is interested in <a rel="foaf:topic_interest" resource="wd:Q12418">the Mona Lisa</a>.
14 </p>
15 <div about="wd:Q12418">
-16 The Mona Lisa was painted by <a rel="dcterms:creator" typeof="foaf:Person" href="http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonardo_da_Vinci"><span property="foaf:name">Leonardo da Vinci</span></a>
+16 The <span property="dcterms:title">Mona Lisa</span> was painted by <a rel="dcterms:creator" href="http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonardo_da_Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a>
17 and is the subject of the video <a rev="dcterms:subject" href="http://data.europeana.eu/item/04802/243FA8618938F4117025F17A8B813C5F9AA4D619">'La Joconde à Washington'</a>.
18 </div>
19 </div>
@@ -1397,7 +1318,12 @@
<section id="subsection-jsonld" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#ref" rel="bibo:Chapter">
- <h3 aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h3_subsection-jsonld"><span class="secno">C.2 </span>JSON-LD</h3>
+ <div class="issue"><div class="issue-title" aria-level="3" role="heading" id="h_issue_2"><span>Issue 2</span></div><p class="">
+ We should consider annotating the JSON-LD examples in this
+ subsection, thus making it a mini JSON-LD primer, and/or including
+ one of the JSON-LD example in Sec. 5. </p></div>
+
+ <h3 id="json-ld" aria-level="2" role="heading">JSON-LD</h3>
Single-graph example:
@@ -1422,16 +1348,15 @@
19 },
20 "foaf:topic_interest": {
21 "@id": "wd:Q12418",
+22 "dcterms:title": "Mona Lisa",
22 "subject_of": {
23 "@id": "http://data.europeana.eu/item/04802/243FA8618938F4117025F17A8B813C5F9AA4D619"
24 },
25 "dcterms:creator": {
-26 "@id": "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonardo_da_Vinci",
-27 "@type": "foaf:Person",
-28 "foaf:name": "Leonardo da Vinci"
-29 }
-30 }
-31 }</pre></div>
+26 "@id": "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonardo_da_Vinci"
+27 }
+28 }
+29 }</pre></div>
<p>Multiple-graphs example:</p>
@@ -1475,117 +1400,133 @@
38 "@id": "http://data.europeana.eu/item/04802/243FA8618938F4117025F17A8B813C5F9AA4D619",
39 "dcterms:subject": {
40 "@id": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12418",
-41 "dcterms:creator": {
-42 "@id": "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonardo_da_Vinci",
-43 "@type": "foaf:Person",
-44 "foaf:name": "Leonardo da Vinci"
-45 }
-46 }
-47 }
-48 ]
-49 }
-50 ]
-51 }</pre></div>
+41 "dcterms:title": "Mona Lisa",
+42 "dcterms:creator": {
+43 "@id": "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonardo_da_Vinci"
+44 }
+45 }
+46 }
+47 ]
+48 }
+49 ]
+50 }</pre></div>
<p>Below is an alternate single-graph example with more idiomatic
JSON data, at the cost of a more elaborate definition of
<code>@context</code>. </p>
-<div class="issue"><div class="issue-title" aria-level="3" role="heading" id="h_issue_10"><span>Issue 10</span></div><p class="">Should we include this alternative example?</p></div>
+<div class="issue"><div class="issue-title" aria-level="3" role="heading" id="h_issue_3"><span>Issue 3</span></div><p class="">Should we include this alternative example?</p></div>
-<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 10</span></div><pre class="example">01 {
-02 "@context": {
-03 "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/",
-04 "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
-05 "schema": "http://schema.org/",
-06 "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/",
-07 "wd": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/",
-08 "@base": "http://example.org/",
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 10</span></div><pre class="example">01 {
+02 "@context": {
+03 "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/",
+04 "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
+05 "schema": "http://schema.org/",
+06 "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/",
+07 "wd": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/",
+08 "@base": "http://example.org/",
09
-10 "uri": "@id",
-11 "type": "@type",
-12 "Person": "foaf:Person",
-13 "born": {
+10 "uri": "@id",
+11 "type": "@type",
+12 "Person": "foaf:Person",
+13 "born": {
14 "@id": "schema:birthDate",
15 "@type": "xsd:date"
-16 },
-17 "friends": {
+16 },
+17 "friends": {
18 "@id": "foaf:knows",
19 "@type": "@id"
-20 },
-21 "interest": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/topic_interest",
-22 "subject_of": {
+20 },
+21 "interest": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/topic_interest",
+22 "subject_of": {
23 "@reverse": "dcterms:subject",
24 "@type": "@id"
-25 },
-26 "creator": "dc:creator",
-27 "name": "foaf:name"
-28 },
-29
-30 "uri": "bob#me",
-31 "type": "Person",
-32 "born": "1990-07-04",
-33 "friends": ["alice#me"],
-34 "interest": [
-35 {
-36 "uri": "wd:Q12418",
-37 "subject_of": "http://data.europeana.eu/item/04802/243FA8618938F4117025F17A8B813C5F9AA4D619",
-38 "creator": {
-39 "uri": "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonardo_da_Vinci",
-40 "type": "Person",
-41 "name": "Leonardo da Vinci"
+25 },
+26 "creator": "dcterms:creator",
+27 "title": "dcterms:title",
+28 "name": "foaf:name"
+29 },
+30
+31 "uri": "bob#me",
+32 "type": "Person",
+33 "born": "1990-07-04",
+34 "friends": ["alice#me"],
+35 "interest": [
+36 {
+37 "uri": "wd:Q12418",
+38 "title": "Mona Lisa",
+39 "subject_of": "http://data.europeana.eu/item/04802/243FA8618938F4117025F17A8B813C5F9AA4D619",
+40 "creator": {
+41 "uri": "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonardo_da_Vinci"
42 }
-43 }
-44 ]
-45 }</pre></div>
+43 }
+44 ]
+45 }</pre></div>
+The context can also be held in a separate file, as in the following example.
+
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 11</span></div><pre class="example">01 {
+02 "@context": "example-context.json",
+03 "uri": "bob#me",
+04 "type": "Person",
+05 "born": "1990-07-04",
+06 "friends": ["alice#me"],
+07 "interest": [
+08 {
+09 "uri": "wd:Q12418",
+10 "title": "Mona Lisa",
+11 "subject_of": "http://data.europeana.eu/item/04802/243FA8618938F4117025F17A8B813C5F9AA4D619",
+12 "creator": {
+13 "uri": "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonardo_da_Vinci"
+14 }
+15 }
+16 ]
+17 }</pre></div>
</section>
<section id="subsection-ntriples" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#ref" rel="bibo:Chapter">
- <h3 aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h3_subsection-ntriples"><span class="secno">C.3 </span>N-Triples</h3>
+ <h3 aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h3_subsection-ntriples"><span class="secno">C.2 </span>N-Triples</h3>
<p>Single-graph example: </p>
- <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 11</span></div><pre id="n-triples-example" class="example">01 <http://example.org/bob#me> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person>.
-02 <http://example.org/bob#me> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows> <http://example.org/alice#me>.
-03 <http://example.org/bob#me> <http://schema.org/birthDate> "1990-07-04"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date>.
-04 <http://example.org/bob#me> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/topic_interest> <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12418>.
-05 <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonardo_da_Vinci> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person>.
-06 <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonardo_da_Vinci> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Leonardo da Vinci".
-07 <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12418> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator> <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonardo_da_Vinci>.
-08 <http://data.europeana.eu/item/04802/243FA8618938F4117025F17A8B813C5F9AA4D619> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject> <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12418>.</pre></div>
+ <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 12</span></div><pre id="n-triples-example" class="example">01 <http://example.org/bob#me> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> .
+02 <http://example.org/bob#me> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows> <http://example.org/alice#me> .
+03 <http://example.org/bob#me> <http://schema.org/birthDate> "1990-07-04"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date> .
+04 <http://example.org/bob#me> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/topic_interest> <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12418> .
+05 <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12418> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/title> "Mona Lisa" .
+06 <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12418> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator> <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonardo_da_Vinci> .
+07 <http://data.europeana.eu/item/04802/243FA8618938F4117025F17A8B813C5F9AA4D619> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject> <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12418> .</pre></div>
</section>
<section id="subsection-nquads" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#ref" rel="bibo:Chapter">
- <h3 aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h3_subsection-nquads"><span class="secno">C.4 </span>N-Quads</h3>
+ <h3 aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h3_subsection-nquads"><span class="secno">C.3 </span>N-Quads</h3>
<p>Multiple-graph example:</p>
- <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 12</span></div><pre id="n-quads-example" class="example">01 <http://example.org/bob#me> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> <http://example.org/bob> .
+ <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 13</span></div><pre id="n-quads-example" class="example">01 <http://example.org/bob#me> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> <http://example.org/bob> .
02 <http://example.org/bob#me> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows> <http://example.org/alice#me> <http://example.org/bob> .
03 <http://example.org/bob#me> <http://schema.org/birthDate> "1990-07-04"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date> <http://example.org/bob> .
04 <http://example.org/bob#me> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/topic_interest> <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12418> <http://example.org/bob> .
-05 <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonardo_da_Vinci> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/Q12418> .
-06 <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonardo_da_Vinci> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Leonardo da Vinci" <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/Q12418> .
-07 <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12418> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator> <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonardo_da_Vinci> <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/Q12418> .
-08 <http://data.europeana.eu/item/04802/243FA8618938F4117025F17A8B813C5F9AA4D619> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject> <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12418> <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/Q12418> .
-09 <http://example.org/bob> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher> <http://example.org> .
-10 <http://example.org/bob> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/rights> <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/> .</pre></div>
+05 <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12418> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/title> "Mona Lisa" <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/Q12418> .
+06 <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12418> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator> <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonardo_da_Vinci> <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/Q12418> .
+07 <http://data.europeana.eu/item/04802/243FA8618938F4117025F17A8B813C5F9AA4D619> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject> <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12418> <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/Q12418> .
+08 <http://example.org/bob> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher> <http://example.org> .
+09 <http://example.org/bob> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/rights> <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/> .</pre></div>
</section>
<section id="subsection-rdf-xml" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#ref" rel="bibo:Chapter">
- <h3 aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h3_subsection-rdf-xml"><span class="secno">C.5 </span>RDF/XML</h3>
+ <h3 aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h3_subsection-rdf-xml"><span class="secno">C.4 </span>RDF/XML</h3>
<p>Single-graph example:</p>
- <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 13</span></div><pre id="rdf-xml-example" class="example">01 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+ <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 14</span></div><pre id="rdf-xml-example" class="example">01 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
02 <rdf:RDF
03 xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"
04 xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"
@@ -1598,30 +1539,29 @@
11 <foaf:knows rdf:resource="http://example.org/alice#me"/>
12 <foaf:topic_interest rdf:resource="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12418"/>
13 </foaf:Person>
-14 <foaf:Person rdf:about="http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonardo_da_Vinci">
-15 <foaf:name>Leonardo da Vinci</foaf:name>
-16 </foaf:Person>
-17 <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12418">
-18 <dcterms:creator rdf:resource="http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonardo_da_Vinci"/>
-19 </rdf:Description>
-20 <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://data.europeana.eu/item/04802/243FA8618938F4117025F17A8B813C5F9AA4D619">
-21 <dcterms:subject rdf:resource="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12418"/>
-22 </rdf:Description>
-23 </rdf:RDF></pre></div>
+14 <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12418">
+15 <dcterms:title>Mona Lisa</dcterms:title>
+16 <dcterms:creator rdf:resource="http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonardo_da_Vinci"/>
+17 </rdf:Description>
+18 <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://data.europeana.eu/item/04802/243FA8618938F4117025F17A8B813C5F9AA4D619">
+19 <dcterms:subject rdf:resource="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12418"/>
+20 </rdf:Description>
+21 </rdf:RDF></pre></div>
</section>
</section>
- <section id="references" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#ref" rel="bibo:Chapter"></section>
<section class="appendix" id="references" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#ref" rel="bibo:Chapter">
<!--OddPage-->
<h2 aria-level="1" role="heading" id="h2_references"><span class="secno">D. </span>References</h2><section id="normative-references" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#ref" rel="bibo:Chapter"><h3 aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h3_normative-references"><span class="secno">D.1 </span>Normative references</h3><dl class="bibliography" about=""><dt id="bib-JSON-LD">[JSON-LD]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">Manu Sporny, Gregg Kellogg, Markus Lanthaler, Editors. <cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-json-ld-20131105/">JSON-LD 1.0</a>.</cite> 5 November 2013. W3C Proposed Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-json-ld-20131105/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-json-ld-20131105/</a>. The latest edition is available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/">http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-RDF-SCHEMA">[RDF-SCHEMA]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">Dan Brickley; Ramanathan Guha. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema"><cite>RDF Vocabulary Description Language 1.0: RDF Schema</cite></a>. 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema">http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-N-TRIPLES">[N-TRIPLES]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">Gavin Carothers, Andy Seabourne. <cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-n-triples-20131105/">RDF 1.1 N-Triples</a></cite>. 5 November 2013. W3C Candidate Recommendation (work in progress). URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-n-triples-20131105/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-n-triples-20131105/</a>. The latest edition is available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/n-triples/">http://www.w3.org/TR/n-triples/</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-RDF11-CONCEPTS">[RDF11-CONCEPTS]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">Richard Cyganiak, David Wood, Markus Lanthaler, Editors. <cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-rdf11-concepts-20131105/">RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax.</a></cite> 5 November 2013. W3C Candidate Recommendation (work in progress). URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-rdf11-concepts-20131105/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-rdf11-concepts-20131105/</a>. The latest edition is available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/">http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-RDF11-MT">[RDF11-MT]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">Patrick J. Hayes, Peter F. Patel-Schneider, Editors. <cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-rdf11-mt-20131105/">RDF 1.1 Semantics.</a></cite> 5 November 2013. W3C Candidate Recommendation (work in progress). URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-rdf11-mt-20131105/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-rdf11-mt-20131105/</a>. The latest edition is available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-mt/">http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-mt/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-RDF11-SCHEMA">[RDF11-SCHEMA]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">D. Brickley, R. Guha. <cite><a href="https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/rdf/raw-file/default/rdf-schema/index.html">RDF Schema 1.1</a></cite>. W3C Editor's Draft (work in progress). The latest published version is available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/">http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/</a>.
+</dd><dt id="bib-RDF11-XML">[RDF11-XML]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">Fabien Gandon, Guus Schreiber. <cite><a href="https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/rdf/raw-file/default/rdf-xml/index.html">RDF 1.1 XML Syntax</a></cite>. W3C Editor's Draft (work in progress). The latest published version is available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/">http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/</a>.
</dd><dt id="bib-RDFA-PRIMER">[RDFA-PRIMER]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">Ivan Herman; Ben Adida; Manu Sporny; Mark Birbeck. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdfa-primer/"><cite>RDFa 1.1 Primer - Second Edition</cite></a>. 22 August 2013. W3C Note. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdfa-primer/">http://www.w3.org/TR/rdfa-primer/</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-RFC3987">[RFC3987]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">M. Dürst; M. Suignard. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><cite>Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs)</cite></a>. January 2005. RFC. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-SPARQL11-OVERVIEW">[SPARQL11-OVERVIEW]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">The W3C SPARQL Working Group. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-overview/"><cite>SPARQL 1.1 Overview</cite></a>. 21 March 2013. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-overview/">http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-overview/</a>
@@ -1629,7 +1569,8 @@
</dd><dt id="bib-TURTLE">[TURTLE]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">Eric Prud'hommeaux, Gavin Carothers, Editors. <cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-turtle-20130219/">RDF 1.1 Turtle: Terse RDF Triple Language.</a></cite> 19 February 2013. W3C Candidate Recommendation (work in progress). URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-turtle-20130219/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-turtle-20130219/</a>. The latest edition is available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/">http://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/</a>
</dd></dl></section><section id="informative-references" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#ref" rel="bibo:Chapter"><h3 aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h3_informative-references"><span class="secno">D.2 </span>Informative references</h3><dl class="bibliography" about=""><dt id="bib-LINKED-DATA">[LINKED-DATA]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:references">Tim Berners-Lee. <cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html">Linked Data</a></cite>. Personal View, imperfect but published. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html">http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-N-QUADS">[N-QUADS]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:references">Gavin Carothers, Editor. <cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-n-quads-20131105/">RDF 1.1 N-Quads</a></cite>. 5 November 2013. W3C Candidate Recommendation (work in progress). URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-n-quads-20131105/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-n-quads-20131105/</a>. The latest edition is available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/n-quads/">http://www.w3.org/TR/n-quads/</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-N-TRIPLES">[N-TRIPLES]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:references">Gavin Carothers, Editor. <cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-n-triples-20131105/">RDF 1.1 N-Triples</a></cite>. 5 November 2013. W3C Candidate Recommendation (work in progress). URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-n-triples-20131105/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-n-triples-20131105/</a>. The latest edition is available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/n-triples/">http://www.w3.org/TR/n-triples/</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-OWL2-OVERVIEW">[OWL2-OVERVIEW]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:references">W3C OWL Working Group. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-overview/"><cite>OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Document Overview (Second Edition)</cite></a>. 11 December 2012. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-overview/">http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-overview/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-RDF-PRIMER">[RDF-PRIMER]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:references">Frank Manola; Eric Miller. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/"><cite>RDF Primer</cite></a>. 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/">http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-RDF-SYNTAX-GRAMMAR">[RDF-SYNTAX-GRAMMAR]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:references">Dave Beckett. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar"><cite>RDF/XML Syntax Specification (Revised)</cite></a>. 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar">http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-RDF11-DATASETS">[RDF11-DATASETS]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:references">Antoine Zimmermann. <cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-datasets/">RDF 1.1: On Semantics of Datasets</a></cite>. W3C Working Draft (work in progress), 17 December 2013. The latest version is available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-datasets/">http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-datasets/</a>.
</dd></dl></section></section></body></html>
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