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<title>RDF Schema 1.1</title>
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-
-<div class="head">
-
- <section id="abstract">
-
- <p>The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a language for
- representing information about resources in the World Wide
- Web. RDF Schema provides a data-mdelling vocabulary for RDF data. RDF
- Schema is an extesnion of the basic RDF vocabulary. </p>
-
- </section>
-
- <section id="sotd">
-
- This document is an edited version of the 2004 RDF Schema
- Recommendation. The purpose of this revision is to
- make this document available as part of the RDF 1.1 document
- set. Changes are limited to revised references, terminology
- updates, and adaptations to the introduction. The tile of the
- document was changed from "RDF Vocabulary Description Language 1.0:
- RDF Schema" to
- "RDF Schema 1.1". The technical content
- of the document is unchanged. Details of the chnages
- are listed in the <a href="#PER-changes">Changes</a> section.
-
- </section>
-</div>
-
-<section id="ch_introduction">
-<h2>Introduction</h2>
-
-<p>The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a general-purpose language for
-representing information in the Web.</p>
-
-<p>RDF Schema provides a data-mdelling vocabulary for RDF data.
-It is complemented by several companion documents which
-describe the basic concepts and abstract stntax of RDF
-[[!RDF11-CONCEPTS]], the formal semantics of RDF [[!RDF11-MT]], and
-various concrete syntaxes for RDF, such as Turtle [[!TURTLE]],
-TriG, [[!TRIG]], and JSON-LD [[!JSON-LD]].
-The RDF Primer [[RDF11-PRIMER]] provides an informal introduction and
-examples of the use of the concepts specified in this document.</p>
-
-<p>This document is intended to provide a clear specification of RDF
-Schema to those who find the formal semantics
-specification [[RDF11-MT]]
-daunting. Thus, this document duplicates material also specified in the RDF
-Semantics specification . Where there is disagreement between this document
-and the RDF Semantics specification, the RDF Semantics specification should
-be taken to be correct.</p>
-
-<!--
-<p>RDF properties may be thought of as attributes of resources and in
-this sense correspond to traditional attribute-value pairs. RDF
-properties also represent relationships between resources.</p>
-
-<p>RDF however, provides no mechanisms for describing these properties, nor
-does it provide any mechanisms for describing the relationships between these
-properties and other resources. That is the role of the RDF vocabulary
-description language, RDF Schema. RDF Schema defines classes and properties
-that may be used to describe classes, properties and other resources.</p>
-
-<p>This document does not specify a vocabulary of descriptive properties such
-as "author". Instead it specifies mechanisms that may be used to name and
-describe properties and the classes of resource they describe.</p>
--->
-
-<p>
-RDF Schema is a
-<a
-href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-mt/#semantic-extensions-and-entailment-regimes">semantic
-extension</a> of RDF. It provides
-mechanisms for describing groups of related resources and the
-relationships between these resources. RDF Schema is written in RDF
-using the terms described in this document.These resources are used to
-determine characteristics of other resources,
-such as the <a href="#ch_domain">domains</a> and
-<a href="#ch_range">ranges</a> of properties.
-</p>
-
-<p>The RDF Schema class and property system is similar to the type
-systems of object-oriented programming languages such as Java. RDF
-Schema differs from many such systems in that instead of defining a class in
-terms of the properties its instances may have, RDF Schema
-describes properties in terms of the classes of
-resource to which they apply. This is the role of the <a
-href="#ch_domain">domain</a> and <a href="#ch_range">range</a>
-mechanisms described in this specification. For example, we could
-define the <code>eg:author</code>
-property to have a domain of <code>eg:Document</code> and a range of
-<code>eg:Person</code>, whereas a classical object oriented system might
-typically define a class <code>eg:Book</code> with an attribute called
-<code>eg:author</code> of type <code>eg:Person</code>. Using the RDF
-approach, it is easy for others to subsequently define additional
-properties with a domain of eg:<code>Document</code> or a range of
-<code>eg:Person</code>.
-This can be done without the need to re-define the original description of
-these classes. One benefit of the RDF property-centric approach is that it
-allows anyone to extend the description of existing resources, one of the
-architectural principles of the Web [[BERNERS-LEE98]].</p>
-
-<p>This specification does not attempt to enumerate all the possible forms of
-representing the meaning of RDF
-classes and properties. Instead, the RDF Schema strategy is
-to acknowledge that there are many techniques through which the meaning of
-classes and properties can be described. Richer vocabulary or 'ontology'
-languages such as OWL [[OWL2-OVERVIEW]], inference rule
-languages and other formalisms (for example temporal logics) will each
-contribute to our ability to capture meaningful generalizations about data in
-the Web.
-<!--
-RDF vocabulary designers can create and deploy Semantic Web
-applications using the RDF Schema facilities,
-while exploring richer languages that share this
-general approach.
--->
-</p>
-
-
-<p>The language defined in this specification consists of a collection
-of RDF resources that can be used to describe other RDF
-resources in application-specific RDF
-vocabularies. The core vocabulary is defined in a namespace informally
-called <code>rdfs</code> here. That namespace is identified by the IRI</p>
-
-<blockquote>
-<code>http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#</code>
-</blockquote>
-
-and is conventionally associated with the prefix
-<code>rdfs:</code>. This specification also uses the prefix
-<code>rdf:</code> to refer to the RDF namespace</p>
-
-<blockquote>
-<code>http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#</code>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p>For convenience and readability, this specification uses an abbreviated
-form to represent IRIs. A name of the form prefix:suffix should be
-interpreted as a IRI consisting of the IRI associated
-with the prefix concatenated with the suffix.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_classes">
-
-<h2>Classes</h2>
-
-<p>Resources may be divided into groups called classes. The members of a
-class are known as <em>instances</em> of the class. Classes are themselves
-resources. They are often identified by <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#section-IRIs">IRIs</a> and
-may be described using RDF properties. The <code><a
-href="#ch_type">rdf:type</a></code> property may be used to state that a
-resource is an instance of a class.</p>
-
-<p>RDF distinguishes between a class and the set of its instances. Associated
-with each class is a set, called the class extension of the class, which is
-the set of the instances of the class. Two classes may have the same set of
-instances but be different classes. For example, the tax office may define
-the class of people living at the same address as the editor of this
-document. The Post Office may define the class of people whose address has
-the same zip code as the address of the author. It is possible for these
-classes to have exactly the same instances, yet to have different properties.
-Only one of the classes has the property that it was defined by the tax
-office, and only the other has the property that it was defined by the Post
-Office.</p>
-
-<p>A class may be a member of its own class extension and may be an instance of itself. </p>
-
-<p>The group of resources that are RDF Schema
-classes is itself a class called <a
-href="#ch_class"><code>rdfs:Class</code></a>.</p>
-
-<p id="def-subclass">
-If a class C is a <em>subclass</em> of a class C', then all instances of C will
-also be instances of C'.
-The <a href="#ch_subclassof"><code>rdfs:subClassOf</code></a> property
-may be used to state that one class is a subclass of another. The term
-super-class is used as the inverse of subclass. If a class C' is a
-super-class of a class C, then all instances of C are also instances of C'.
-</p>
-
-<p>The RDF Concepts and Abstract Syntax [[RDF11-CONCEPTS]] specification
-defines the RDF concept of an <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#section-Datatypes">RDF
-datatype</a>. All datatypes are classes. The instances of a class that is a
-datatype are the members of the value space of the datatype.</p>
-
-<section id="ch_resource">
-<h3>rdfs:Resource</h3>
-
-<p>All things described by RDF are called <em>resources</em>, and are
-instances of the class <code>rdfs:Resource</code>. This is the class of
-everything. All other classes are <a href="#def-subclass">subclasses</a> of
-this class. <code>rdfs:Resource</code> is an instance of <a
-href="#ch_class"><code>rdfs:Class</code></a>.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_class">
-<h3>rdfs:Class</h3>
-
-<p>This is the class of resources that are RDF classes.
-<code>rdfs:Class</code> is an instance of <code>rdfs:Class.</code></p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_literal">
-<h3>rdfs:Literal</h3>
-
-<p>The class <code>rdfs:Literal</code> is the class of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#section-Graph-Literal">literal</a>
-values such as strings and integers. Property values such as textual
-strings are examples of RDF literals.</p>
-
-<p><code>rdfs:Literal</code> is an instance of <a
-href="#ch_class"><code>rdfs:Class</code></a>. rdfs:Literal is a <a
-href="#def-subclass">subclass</a> of <a
-href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a>.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_datatype">
-<h3>rdfs:Datatype</h3>
-
-<p><code>rdfs:Datatype</code> is the class of datatypes. All instances of
-<code>rdfs:Datatype</code> correspond to the <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#section-Datatypes">RDF
-model of a datatype</a> described in the RDF Concepts specification
-[[RDF11-CONCEPTS]].
-<code>rdfs:Datatype</code> is
-both an instance of and a <a href="#def-subclass">subclass</a> of <a
-href="#ch_class"><code>rdfs:Class</code></a>. Each instance of <code>rdfs:Datatype</code> is a <a href="#def-subclass">subclass</a> of rdfs:Literal.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_langString">
-<h3>rdf:langString</h3>
-
-<p>The class <code>rdf:langString</code> is the class of <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-language-tagged-string">language-tagged string values</a>. <code>rdf:langString</code> is an instance of
-<code>rdfs:Datatype</code> and a <a href="#def-subclass">subclass</a> of <a
-href="#ch_literal"><code>rdfs:Literal</code></a>.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_html">
-<h3>rdf:HTML</h3>
-
-<p>The class <code>rdf:HTML</code> is the class of <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#section-html">HTML
-literal values</a>. <code>rdf:HTML</code> is an instance of
-<code>rdfs:Datatype</code> and a <a href="#def-subclass">subclass</a> of <a
-href="#ch_literal"><code>rdfs:Literal</code></a>.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_xmlliteral">
-<h3>rdf:XMLLiteral</h3>
-
-<p>The class <code>rdf:XMLLiteral</code> is the class of <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#section-XMLLiteral">XML
-literal values</a>. <code>rdf:XMLLiteral</code> is an instance of
-<code>rdfs:Datatype</code> and a <a href="#def-subclass">subclass</a> of <a
-href="#ch_literal"><code>rdfs:Literal</code></a>.</p>
-
-</section>
-<section id="ch_property">
-<h3>rdf:Property</h3>
-
-<p><code>rdf:Property</code> is the class of RDF properties.
-<code>rdf:Property</code> is an instance of <a
-href="#ch_class"><code>rdfs:Class</code></a>.</p>
-
-</section>
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_properties">
-<h2>Properties</a></h2>
-
-<p>The RDF Concepts and Abstract Syntax specification [[RDF-CONCEPTS]]
-describes the concept of an RDF property as a relation between subject
-resources and object resources.</p>
-
-<p id="def-subproperty">
-This specification defines the concept of subproperty.
-The <a href="#ch_subclassof"><code>rdfs:subPropertyOf</code></a> property
-may be used to state that one property is a subproperty of another.
-If a property P is a subproperty of property P', then all pairs of resources which are
-related by P are also related by P'. The term super-property is often
-used as the inverse of subproperty. If a property P' is a super-property
-of a property P, then all pairs of resources which are related by P
-are also related by P'. This specification does not define a top
-property that is the super-property of all properties.
-</p>
-
-<div class="note">
-The basic facilities provided by
-<a href="#ch_domain"><code>rdfs:domain</code></a> and
-<a href="#ch_range"><code>rdfs:range</code></a> do not provide any direct
-way to indicate property restrictions that are local to a class. Although
-it is possible to combine use <a
-href="#ch_domain"><code>rdfs:domain</code></a> and <a href="#ch_range"><code>rdfs:range</code></a>
-with sub-property hierarchies, direct support for such declarations are
-provided by richer Web Ontology</a> languages such as OWL [[OWL2-OVERVIEW]].
-</div>
-
-<section id="ch_range">
-<h3>rdfs:range</h3>
-
-<p><code>rdfs:range</code> is an instance of <a
-href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a> that is used to state that
-the values of a property are instances of one or more classes.</p>
-
-<p>The triple</p>
-
-<blockquote>
- <code>P rdfs:range C</code>
-</blockquote>
- <p>states that P is an instance of the class <a
-href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a>, that C is an instance of the class <a href="#ch_class"><code>rdfs:Class</code></a> and that the resources denoted by the objects of triples whose predicate is P are instances of the class C.</p>
- <p>Where P has more than one rdfs:range property, then the resources denoted by the objects of triples with predicate P are instances of all the classes stated by the <code>rdfs:range</code> properties.</p>
- <p>The <code>rdfs:range</code> property can be applied to itself. The
-rdfs:range of <code>rdfs:range</code> is the class <a
-href="#ch_class"><code>rdfs:Class</code></a>. This states that any resource
-that is the value of an <code>rdfs:range</code> property is an instance of <a
-href="#ch_class"><code>rdfs:Class</code></a>.</p>
- <p>The <code>rdfs:range</code> property is applied to properties. This
-can be represented in RDF using the <a
-href="#ch_domain"><code>rdfs:domain</code></a> property. The <a
-href="#ch_domain"><code>rdfs:domain</code></a> of <code>rdfs:range</code> is
-the class <a href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a>. This states
-that any resource with an <code>rdfs:range</code> property is an instance of
-<code><a href="#ch_property">rdf:Property</a></code>.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_domain">
-<h3>rdfs:domain</h3>
-
-<p><code>rdfs:domain</code> is an instance of <a
-href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a> that is used to state that
-any resource that has a given property is an instance of one or more
-classes.</p>
- <p>A triple of the form:</p>
-
-<blockquote>
- <code>P rdfs:domain C</code>
-</blockquote>
- <p>states that P is an instance of the class <code><a href="#ch_property">rdf:Property</a></code>, that C is a instance of the class <code><a href="#ch_class">rdfs:Class</a></code> and that the resources denoted by the subjects of triples whose predicate is P are instances of the class C.</p>
- <p>Where a property P has more than one rdfs:domain property, then the resources denoted by subjects of triples with predicate P are instances of all the classes stated by the <code>rdfs:domain</code> properties.</p>
- <p>The <code>rdfs:domain</code> property may be applied to itself. The
-rdfs:domain of <code>rdfs:domain</code> is the class <a
-href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a>. This states that any
-resource with an <code>rdfs:domain</code> property is an instance of <code><a
-href="#ch_property">rdf:Property</a></code>.</p>
- <p>The <a href="#ch_range"><code>rdfs:range</code></a> of
-<code>rdfs:domain</code> is the class <code><a href="#ch_class">rdfs:Class</a></code>. This states that any resource that is the value of an <code>rdfs:domain</code> property is an
-instance of <code><a href="#ch_class">rdfs:Class</a></code>.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_type">
-<h3>rdf:type</h3>
-
-<p><code>rdf:type</code> is an instance of <a
-href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a> that is used to
-state that a resource is an instance of a class.</p>
-
-<p>A triple of the form:</p>
-
-<blockquote>
- <code>R rdf:type C</code>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p>states that C is an instance of <a
-href="#ch_class"><code>rdfs:Class</code></a> and R is an instance of C.</p>
-
-<p>The <code><a href="#ch_domain">rdfs:domain</a></code> of
-<code>rdf:type</code> is <a href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a>. The <a
-href="#ch_range"><code>rdfs:range</code></a> of rdf:type is <a
-href="#ch_class"><code>rdfs:Class</code></a>.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_subclassof">
-<h3>rdfs:subClassOf</h3>
-
-<p>The property <code>rdfs:subClassOf</code> is an instance of <code><a href="#ch_property">rdf:Property</a></code> that is used to state that all the instances of one class are instances of another.</p>
- <p>A triple of the form:</p>
- <blockquote>
- <code>C1 rdfs:subClassOf C2</code>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p>states that C1 is an instance of <code><a
-href="#ch_class">rdfs:Class</a></code>, C2 is an instance of <code><a
-href="#ch_class">rdfs:Class</a></code> and C1 is a <a
-href="#def-subclass">subclass</a> of C2. The <code>rdfs:subClassOf</code>
-property is transitive.</p>
-
-<p>The <a href="#ch_domain"><code>rdfs:domain</code></a> of
-<code>rdfs:subClassOf</code> is <code><a href="#ch_class">rdfs:Class</a></code>. The <a
-href="#ch_range"><code>rdfs:range</code></a> of <code>rdfs:subClassOf</code>
-is <a href="#ch_class"><code>rdfs:Class</code></a>.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_subpropertyof">
-<h3>rdfs:subPropertyOf</h3>
-
-<p>The property <code>rdfs:subPropertyOf</code> is an instance of <code><a href="#ch_property">rdf:Property</a></code> that is used to state that all resources related by one property are also related by another.</p>
- <p>A triple of the form:</p>
- <blockquote>
- <code>P1 rdfs:subPropertyOf P2</code>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p>states that P1 is an instance of <code><a
-href="#ch_property">rdf:Property</a></code>, P2 is an instance of <code><a
-href="#ch_property">rdf:Property</a></code> and P1 is a <a
-href="#def-subproperty">subproperty</a> of P2. The
-<code>rdfs:subPropertyOf</code> property is transitive.</p>
-
-<p>The <a href="#ch_domain"><code>rdfs:domain</code></a> of
-<code>rdfs:subPropertyOf</code> is <code><a
-href="#ch_property">rdf:Property</a></code>. The <a
-href="#ch_range"><code>rdfs:range</code></a> of rdfs:subPropertyOf is <a
-href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a>.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_label">
-<h3>rdfs:label</h3>
-
-<p><code>rdfs:label</code> is an instance of <a href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a> that may be used to provide a human-readable version of a resource's name.</p>
-
-<p>A triple of the form:</p>
-
-<blockquote>
- <code>R rdfs:label L</code>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p>states that L is a human readable label for R.</p>
-
-<p>The <a href="#ch_domain"><code>rdfs:domain</code></a> of
-<code>rdfs:label</code> is <code><a
-href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>. The <a
-href="#ch_range"><code>rdfs:range</code></a> of rdfs:label is <a
-href="#ch_literal"><code>rdfs:Literal</code></a>.</p>
-
-<p>Multilingual labels are supported using the <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#section-Graph-Literal">language
-tagging</a> facility of RDF literals.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_comment">
-<h3>rdfs:comment</h3>
-
-<p><code>rdfs:comment</code> is an instance of <code><a href="#ch_property">rdf:Property</a></code> that may be used to provide a human-readable description of a resource.</p>
-
-<p>A triple of the form:</p>
-
-<blockquote>
- <code>R rdfs:comment L</code>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p>states that L is a human readable description of R.</p>
-
-<p>The <a href="#ch_domain"><code>rdfs:domain</code></a> of
-<code>rdfs:comment</code> is <code><a
-href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>. The <a
-href="#ch_range"><code>rdfs:range</code></a> of rdfs:comment is <a
-href="#ch_literal"><code>rdfs:Literal</code></a>.</p>
-
-<p>A textual comment helps clarify the meaning of RDF classes and properties.
-Such in-line documentation complements the use of both formal techniques
-(Ontology and rule languages) and informal (prose documentation, examples,
-test cases). A variety of documentation forms can be combined to indicate the
-intended meaning of the classes and properties described in an RDF
-vocabulary. Since RDF vocabularies are expressed as RDF graphs, vocabularies
-defined in other namespaces may be used to provide richer documentation.</p>
-
-<p>Multilingual documentation is supported through use of the <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#section-Graph-Literal">language
-tagging</a> facility of RDF literals.</p>
-
-</section>
-</section>
-
-<section class="informative" id="ch_domainrange">
-<h2>Using the Domain and Range vocabulary</h2>
-
-<p>This specification introduces an RDF vocabulary for describing the
-meaningful use of properties and classes in RDF data. For example, an RDF
-vocabulary might describe limitations on the types of values that are
-appropriate for some property, or on the classes to which it makes sense to
-ascribe such properties.</p>
-
-<p>RDF Schema provides a mechanism for describing this information, but does not say whether or how an application should use it. For example, while an RDF vocabulary can assert that an <code>author</code> property is used to
-indicate resources that are instances of the class <code>Person</code>, it
-does not say whether or how an application should act in processing that
-range information. Different applications will use this information in
-different ways. For example, data checking tools might use this to help
-discover errors in some data set, an interactive editor might suggest
-appropriate values, and a reasoning application might use it to infer
-additional information from instance data.</p>
-
-<p>RDF vocabularies can describe relationships between vocabulary items from
-multiple independently developed vocabularies. Since IRIs are used
-to identify classes and properties in the Web, it is possible to create new
-properties that have a <code>domain</code> or <code>range</code> whose value
-is a class defined in another namespace.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_othervocab">
-<h2>Other vocabulary</h2>
-
-<p>Additional classes and properties, including constructs for representing
-containers and RDF statements, and for deploying RDF vocabulary descriptions
-in the World Wide Web are defined in this section.</p>
-
-<section id="ch_containervocab">
-<h3>Container Classes and Properties</h3>
-
-<p>RDF containers are resources that are used to represent collections. An introduction
-to RDF containers with examples may be found in the <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-primer-20040210/#containers">RDF
-2004 Primer</a>. The same resource may appear in a container more than
-once. Unlike containment in the physical world, a container may be
-contained in itself.</p>
-
-<p>Three different kinds of container are defined. Whilst the formal
-semantics [[RDF11-MT]] of all three classes of container are identical,
-different classes may be used to indicate informally further
-information. An rdf:Bag is used to indicate that the container is
-intended to be unordered. An rdf:Seq is used to indicate that the
-order indicated by the numerical order of the <a
-href="#ch_containermembershipproperty">container member ship properties</a>
-of the container is intended to be significant. An rdf:Alt container is used
-to indicate that typical processing of the container will be to select one of
-the members.</p>
-
-<p>Just as a hen house may have the property that it is made of wood, that
-does not mean that all the hens it contains are made of wood, a property of a
-container is not necessarily a property of all of its members.</p>
-
-<p>RDF containers are defined by the following classes and properties.</p>
-
-<section id="ch_container">
-<h4>rdfs:Container</h4>
-
-<p>The <code>rdfs:Container</code> class is a super-class of the RDF
-Container classes, i.e. <code><a href="#ch_bag">rdf:Bag</a></code>, <code><a
-href="#ch_seq">rdf:Seq</a></code>, <code><a
-href="#ch_alt">rdf:Alt</a></code>.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_bag">
-<h4>rdf:Bag</h4>
-
-<p>The <code>rdf:Bag</code> class is the class of RDF 'Bag' containers. It is
-a <a href="#def-subclass">subclass</a> of <code><a
-href="#ch_container">rdfs:Container</a></code>. Whilst formally it is no
-different from an <code><a href="#ch_seq">rdf:Seq</a></code> or an <code><a
-href="#ch_alt">rdf:Alt</a></code>, the <code>rdf:Bag</code> class is used
-conventionally to indicate to a human reader that the container is intended
-to be unordered.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_seq">
-<h4>rdf:Seq</h4>
-
-<p>The <code>rdf:Seq</code> class is the class of RDF 'Sequence' containers.
-It is a <a href="#def-subclass">subclass</a> of <code><a
-href="#ch_container">rdfs:Container</a></code>. Whilst formally it is no
-different from an <code><a href="#ch_bag">rdf:Bag</a></code> or an <code><a
-href="#ch_alt">rdf:Alt</a></code>, the <code>rdf:Seq</code> class is used
-conventionally to indicate to a human reader that the numerical ordering of
-the <a href="#ch_containermembershipproperty">container membership
-properties</a> of the container is intended to be significant.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_alt">
-<h4>rdf:Alt</h4>
-
-<p>The <code>rdf:Alt</code> class is the class of RDF 'Alternative'
-containers. It is a <a href="#def-subclass">subclass</a> of <code><a
-href="#ch_container">rdfs:Container</a></code>. Whilst formally it is no
-different from an <code><a href="#ch_seq">rdf:Seq</a></code> or an <code><a
-href="#ch_bag">rdf:Bag</a></code>, the <code>rdf:Alt</code> class is used
-conventionally to indicate to a human reader that typical processing will be
-to select one of the members of the container. The first member of the
-container, i.e. the value of the <code><a
-href="#ch_containermembershipproperty">rdf:_1</a></code> property, is the
-default choice.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_containermembershipproperty">
-<h4>rdfs:ContainerMembershipProperty</h4>
-
-<p>The <code>rdfs:ContainerMembershipProperty</code> class has as instances
-the properties <code>rdf:_1, rdf:_2, rdf:_3 ...</code> that are used to state
-that a resource is a member of a container.
-<code>rdfs:ContainerMembershipProperty</code> is a <a
-href="#def-subclass">subclass</a> of <a
-href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a>. Each instance of
-<code>rdfs:ContainerMembershipProperty</code> is an <a
-href="#ch_subpropertyof"><code>rdfs:subPropertyOf</code></a> the <code><a
-href="#ch_member">rdfs:member</a></code> property.</p>
-
-<p>Given a container C, a triple of the form:</p>
-
-<blockquote>
- <code>C rdf:_nnn O</code>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p>where nnn is the decimal representation of an integer greater than 0 with
-no leading zeros, states that O is a member of the container C.</p>
-
-<p>Container membership properties may be applied to resources other than containers.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_member">
-<h4>rdfs:member</h4>
-
-<p><code>rdfs:member</code> is an instance of <code><a
-href="#ch_property">rdf:Property</a></code> that is a super-property of all
-the container membership properties i.e. each container membership property
-has an <a href="#ch_subpropertyof"><code>rdfs:subPropertyOf</code></a>
-relationship to the property <code>rdfs:member</code>.</p>
-
-<p>The <a href="#ch_domain"><code>rdfs:domain</code></a> of
-<code>rdfs:member</code> is <code><a
-href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>. The <a
-href="#ch_range"><code>rdfs:range</code></a> of <code>rdfs:member</code> is
-<code><a href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>.</p>
-
-</section>
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_collectionvocab">
-<h3>RDF Collections</h3>
-
-<p>RDF containers are open in the sense that the core RDF specifications
-define no mechanism to state that there are no more members. The RDF
-Collection vocabulary of classes and properties can describe a closed
-collection, i.e. one that can have no more members. The reader is referred to
-the <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-primer-20040210/#collections">collections</a>
-section of the RDF 2004 primer for an informal introduction to collections with
-examples.</p>
-
-<p>A collection is represented as a list of items, a representation that
-will be familiar to those with experience of Lisp and similar
-programming languages. There is a <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-syntax-grammar-20040210/#section-Syntax-parsetype-Collection">shorthand notation</a> in the RDF/XML syntax specification for representing collections.</p>
-
-<div class="note">
-RDFS does not require that there be only one
-first element of a list-like structure, or even that a list-like structure
-have a first element.
-</div>
-
-<section id="ch_list">
-<h4>rdf:List</h4>
-
-<p><code>rdf:List</code> is an instance of <a href="#ch_class"><code>rdfs:Class</code></a>
-that can be used to build descriptions of lists and other list-like structures.
-</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_first">
-<h4>rdf:first</h4>
-
-<p><code>rdf:first</code> is an instance of <a
-href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a> that can be used to
-build descriptions of lists and other list-like structures.
-</p>
-
-<p>A triple of the form:</p>
-
-<blockquote>
- <code>L rdf:first O</code>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p>states that there is a first-element relationship between L and O.</p>
-
-<p>
-The <a href="#ch_domain"><code>rdfs:domain</code></a> of
-<code>rdf:first</code> is <code><a href="#ch_list">rdf:List</a></code>.
-The <a href="#ch_range"><code>rdfs:range</code></a> of
-<code>rdf:first</code> is <code><a href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_rest">
-<h4>rdf:rest</h4>
-
-<p><code>rdf:rest</code> is an instance of <a
-href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a> that can be used to
-build descriptions of lists and other list-like structures.
-</p>
-
-<p>A triple of the form:</p>
-
-<blockquote>
- <code>L rdf:rest O</code>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p>states that there is a rest-of-list relationship between L and O.</p>
-
-<p>
-The <a href="#ch_domain"><code>rdfs:domain</code></a> of
-<code>rdf:rest</code> is <code><a href="#ch_list">rdf:List</a></code>.
-The <a href="#ch_range"><code>rdfs:range</code></a> of
-<code>rdf:rest</code> is <code><a href="#ch_list">rdf:List</a></code>.
-
-</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_nil">
-<h4>rdf:nil</h4>
-
-<p>The resource <code>rdf:nil</code> is an instance of <code><a
-href="#ch_list">rdf:List</a></code> that can be used to represent an
-empty list or other list-like structure.</p>
-
-<p>A triple of the form:</p>
-
-<blockquote>
- <code>L rdf:rest rdf:nil</code>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p>states that L is an instance of <code><a
-href="#ch_list">rdf:List</a></code> that has one item; that item can be
-indicated using the <code><a href="#ch_first">rdf:first</a></code> property.</p>
-
-</section>
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_reificationvocab">
-<h3>Reification Vocabulary</h3>
-
-<!--
-<p>The 1999 RDF Model and Syntax Specification [[RDFMS]] defined a
-vocabulary for describing RDF statements without stating them.
-The 2004 RDF specification did not assign a normative
-formal semantics to this vocabulary. However, an intended meaning of
-this vocabulary (which generally clarifies the intent of the
-RDFMS definition) is described here.
-An informal introduction to the reification vocabulary, with examples,
-may be found in the <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-primer-20040210/#reification">RDF
-2004 primer</a>.
-</p>
--->
-
-<section id="ch_statement">
-<h4>rdf:Statement</h4>
+ <body>
+ <div class="head">
+ <section id="abstract">
+ <p>The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a language for
+ representing information about resources in the World Wide Web. RDF
+ Schema provides a data-modelling vocabulary for RDF data. RDF Schema
+ is an extension of the basic RDF vocabulary. </p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="sotd"> This document is an edited version of the 2004 RDF
+ Schema Recommendation. The purpose of this revision is to make this
+ document available as part of the RDF 1.1 document set. Changes are
+ limited to revised references, terminology updates, and adaptations to
+ the introduction. The title of the document was changed from "RDF
+ Vocabulary Description Language 1.0: RDF Schema" to "RDF Schema 1.1".
+ The technical content of the document is unchanged. Details of the changes
+ are listed in the <a href="#PER-changes">Changes</a> section. </section>
+ </div>
+ <section id="ch_introduction">
+ <h2>Introduction</h2>
-<p><code>rdf:Statement</code> is an instance of
-<code><a href="#ch_class">rdfs:Class.</a></code>
-It is intended to represent the class of RDF statements. An RDF statement is the
-statement made by a token of an RDF triple.
-The subject of an RDF statement is the instance of
-<code><a
-href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>
-identified by the subject of the triple. The predicate of an RDF
-statement is the instance of <code><a
-href="#ch_property">rdf:Property</a></code>
-identified by the predicate
-of the triple. The object of an RDF statement is the instance of
-<code><a
-href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>
-identified by the object of the triple.
-<code>rdf:Statement</code>
-is in the domain of the properties
-<code><a href="#ch_predicate">rdf:predicate</a></code>,
-<code><a href="#ch_subject">rdf:subject</a></code>
-and
-<code><a href="#ch_object">rdf:object</a></code>.
-Different individual <code>rdf:Statement</code>
-instances may have the same values for their
-<code><a href="#ch_predicate">rdf:predicate</a></code>,
-<code><a href="#ch_subject">rdf:subject</a></code>
-and <code><a href="#ch_object">rdf:object</a></code> properties.
-</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_subject">
-<h4>rdf:subject</h4>
-
-<p><code>rdf:subject</code> is an instance of <a
-href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a> that is used to state the
-subject of a statement.</p>
-
-<p>A triple of the form:</p>
-
-<blockquote>
- <code>S rdf:subject R</code>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p>states that S is an instance of <code><a
-href="#ch_statement">rdf:Statement</a></code> and that the subject of S is
-R.</p>
-
-<p class="schemacomment">The <a
-href="#ch_domain"><code>rdfs:domain</code></a> of <code>rdf:subject</code> is
-<code><a href="#ch_statement">rdf:Statement</a></code>. The <a
-href="#ch_range"><code>rdfs:range</code></a> of <code>rdf:subject</code> is
-<code><a href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_predicate">
-<h4>rdf:predicate</h4>
-
-<p>rdf:predicate is an instance of <a
-href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a> that is used to state the
-predicate of a statement.</p>
-
-<p>A triple of the form:</p>
-
-<blockquote>
- <code>S rdf:predicate P</code>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p>states that S is an instance of <code><a
-href="#ch_statement">rdf:Statement</a></code>, that P is an instance of
-<code><a href="#ch_property">rdf:Property</a></code> and that the predicate
-of S is P.</p>
-
-<p>The <a href="#ch_domain"><code>rdfs:domain</code></a> of
-<code>rdf:predicate</code> is <code><a
-href="#ch_statement">rdf:Statement</a></code> and the <a
-href="#ch_range"><code>rdfs:range</code></a> is <a
-href="#ch_resource"><code>rdfs:Resource</code></a>.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_object">
-<h4>rdf:object</h4>
-
-<p>rdf:object is an instance of <a
-href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a> that is used to state the
-object of a statement.</p>
-
-<p>A triple of the form:</p>
-
-<blockquote>
- <code>S rdf:object O</code>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p>states that S is an instance of <code><a
-href="#ch_statement">rdf:Statement</a></code> and that the object of S is
-O.</p>
-
-<p>The <a href="#ch_domain"><code>rdfs:domain</code></a> of
-<code>rdf:object</code> is <code><a
-href="#ch_statement">rdf:Statement</a></code>. The <a
-href="#ch_range"><code>rdfs:range</code></a> of <code>rdf:object</code> is
-<code><a href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>.</p>
-
-</section>
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_utilvocab">
-
-<h3>Utility Properties</h3>
-
-<p>The following utility classes and properties are defined in the RDF core
-namespaces.</p>
-
-<section id="ch_seealso">
-
-<h4>rdfs:seeAlso</h4>
-
-<p><code>rdfs:seeAlso</code> is an instance of <a
-href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a> that is used to indicate a
-resource that might provide additional information about the subject
-resource.</p>
-
-<p>A triple of the form:</p>
-
-<blockquote>
- <code>S rdfs:seeAlso O</code>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p>states that the resource O may provide additional information about S. It
-may be possible to retrieve representations of O from the Web, but this is
-not required. When such representations may be retrieved, no constraints are
-placed on the format of those representations.</p>
-
-<p>The <code><a href="#ch_domain">rdfs:domain</a></code> of
-<code>rdfs:seeAlso</code> is <code><a
-href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>. The <code><a
-href="#ch_range">rdfs:range</a></code> of <code>rdfs:seeAlso</code> is
-<code><a href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_isdefinedby">
-
-<h4>rdfs:isDefinedBy</h4>
-
-<p><code>rdfs:isDefinedBy</code> is an instance of <a
-href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a> that is used to indicate a
-resource defining the subject resource. This property may be used to indicate
-an RDF vocabulary in which a resource is described.</p>
-
-<p>A triple of the form:</p>
-
-<blockquote>
- <code>S rdfs:isDefinedBy O</code>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p>states that the resource O defines S. It may be possible to retrieve
-representations of O from the Web, but this is not required. When such
-representations may be retrieved, no constraints are placed on the format of
-those representations. <code>rdfs:isDefinedBy</code> is a <a
-href="#def-subproperty">subproperty</a> of <code><a
-href="#ch_seealso">rdfs:seeAlso</a></code>.</p>
-
-<p>The <code><a href="#ch_domain">rdfs:domain</a></code> of
-<code>rdfs:isDefinedBy</code> is <code><a
-href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>. The <code><a
-href="#ch_range">rdfs:range</a></code> of <code>rdfs:isDefinedBy</code> is
-<code><a href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_value">
-
-<h4>rdf:value</h4>
-
-<p><code>rdf:value</code> is an instance of <a
-href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a> that may be used in
-describing structured values.</p>
-
-<p>rdf:value has no meaning on its own. It is provided as a piece of
-vocabulary that may be used in idioms such as illustrated in <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-primer-20040210/#example21">example
-21</a> of the RDF 1.0 primer. Despite
-the lack of formal specification of the meaning of this property, there is
-value in defining it to encourage the use of a common idiom in examples of
-this kind.</p>
-
-<p>The <code><a href="#ch_domain">rdfs:domain</a></code> of
-<code>rdf:value</code> is <code><a
-href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>. The <code><a
-href="#ch_range">rdfs:range</a></code> of <code>rdf:value</code> is <code><a
-href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>.</p>
-
-</section>
-</section>
-</section>
-
-<section class="informative" id="ch_summary">
-
-<h2>RDF Schema summary</h2>
-
-<p>This table presents an overview of the vocabulary of RDF, drawing together
-vocabulary originally defined in the RDF Model and Syntax
-specification [[RDFMS]] with
-classes and properties that originate with RDF Schema.</p>
-
-<section id="ch_sumclasses">
-
-<h3>RDF classes</h3>
-
-<table border="1">
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Class name</th>
- <th>comment</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
- <td>The class resource, everything.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdfs:Literal</td>
- <td>The class of literal values, e.g. textual strings and integers.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdf:langString</td>
- <td>The class of language-tagged string literal values.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdf:HTML</td>
- <td>The class of HTML literal values.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdf:XMLLiteral</td>
- <td>The class of XML literal values.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdfs:Class</td>
- <td>The class of classes.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdf:Property</td>
- <td>The class of RDF properties.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdfs:Datatype</td>
- <td>The class of RDF datatypes.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdf:Statement</td>
- <td>The class of RDF statements.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdf:Bag</td>
- <td>The class of unordered containers.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdf:Seq</td>
- <td>The class of ordered containers.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdf:Alt</td>
- <td>The class of containers of alternatives.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdfs:Container</td>
- <td>The class of RDF containers.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdfs:ContainerMembershipProperty</td>
- <td>The class of container membership properties, rdf:_1, rdf:_2, ...,
- all of which are sub-properties of 'member'.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdf:List</td>
- <td>The class of RDF Lists.</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="ch_sumproperties">
-
-<h3>RDF properties</h3>
-
-<table border="1">
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Property name</th>
- <th>comment</th>
- <th>domain</th>
- <th>range</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdf:type</td>
- <td>The subject is an instance of a class.</td>
- <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
- <td>rdfs:Class</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdfs:subClassOf</td>
- <td>The subject is a subclass of a class.</td>
- <td>rdfs:Class</td>
- <td>rdfs:Class</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdfs:subPropertyOf</td>
- <td>The subject is a subproperty of a property.</td>
- <td>rdf:Property</td>
- <td>rdf:Property</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdfs:domain</td>
- <td>A domain of the subject property.</td>
- <td>rdf:Property</td>
- <td>rdfs:Class</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdfs:range</td>
- <td>A range of the subject property.</td>
- <td>rdf:Property</td>
- <td>rdfs:Class</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdfs:label</td>
- <td>A human-readable name for the subject.</td>
- <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
- <td>rdfs:Literal</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdfs:comment</td>
- <td>A description of the subject resource.</td>
- <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
- <td>rdfs:Literal</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdfs:member</td>
- <td>A member of the subject resource.</td>
- <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
- <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdf:first</td>
- <td>The first item in the subject RDF list.</td>
- <td>rdf:List</td>
- <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdf:rest</td>
- <td>The rest of the subject RDF list after the first item.</td>
- <td>rdf:List</td>
- <td>rdf:List</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdfs:seeAlso</td>
- <td>Further information about the subject resource.</td>
- <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
- <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdfs:isDefinedBy</td>
- <td>The definition of the subject resource.</td>
- <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
- <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdf:value</td>
- <td>Idiomatic property used for structured values (see the RDF Primer for <a
- href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-primer-20040210/#example16">an
- example</a> of its usage).</td>
- <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
- <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdf:subject</td>
- <td>The subject of the subject RDF statement.</td>
- <td>rdf:Statement</td>
- <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdf:predicate</td>
- <td>The predicate of the subject RDF statement.</td>
- <td>rdf:Statement</td>
- <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>rdf:object</td>
- <td>The object of the subject RDF statement.</td>
- <td>rdf:Statement</td>
- <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>In addition to these classes and properties, RDF also uses properties
-called <code>rdf:_1</code>, <code>rdf:_2</code>, <code>rdf:_3</code>... etc.,
-each of which is both a sub-property of <code>rdfs:member</code> and an
-instance of the class <code>rdfs:ContainerMembershipProperty</code>. There is
-also an instance of <code>rdf:List</code> called <code>rdf:nil</code> that is
-an empty <code>rdf:List</code>.</p>
-
-</section>
-</section>
-
-<section class="appendix informative" id="ch_acknowledgements">
-
-<h2>Acknowledgments</h2>
-
-<p>The RDF Schema design was originally produced by the RDF Schema Working
-Group (1997-2000). The current specification is largely an editorial
-clarification of that design, and has benefited greatly from the hard work of
-the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/RDFCore/">RDF Core Working Group</a>
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/RDFCore/#Membership">members</a>, and from
-implementation feedback from many members of the <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/RDF/Interest/">RDF Interest Group</a>. In
-2013-2014 Guus Schreiber edited this document on behalf of the <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/2011/rdf-wg/">RDF Working Group</a>
-to bring it in line with the RDF 1.1 specifications. </p>
-
-<p>David Singer of IBM was the chair of the original RDF Schema group
-throughout most of the development of this specification; we thank David for
-his efforts and thank IBM for supporting him and us in this endeavor.
-Particular thanks are also due to Andrew Layman for his editorial work on
-early versions of this specification.</p>
-
-<p>The original RDF Schema Working Group membership included:</p>
-
-<p>Nick Arnett (Verity), Dan Brickley (ILRT / University of Bristol), Walter
-Chang (Adobe), Sailesh Chutani (Oracle), Ron Daniel (DATAFUSION), Charles
-Frankston (Microsoft), Joe Lapp (webMethods Inc.), Patrick Gannon
-(CommerceNet), RV Guha (Epinions, previously of Netscape Communications), Tom
-Hill (Apple Computer), Renato Iannella (DSTC), Sandeep Jain (Oracle), Kevin
-Jones, (InterMind), Emiko Kezuka (Digital Vision Laboratories), Ora Lassila
-(Nokia Research Center), Andrew Layman (Microsoft), John McCarthy (Lawrence
-Berkeley National Laboratory), Michael Mealling (Network Solutions), Norbert
-Mikula (DataChannel), Eric Miller (OCLC), Frank Olken (Lawrence Berkeley
-National Laboratory), Sri Raghavan (Digital/Compaq), Lisa Rein (webMethods
-Inc.), Tsuyoshi Sakata (Digital Vision Laboratories), Leon Shklar (Pencom Web
-Works), David Singer (IBM), Wei (William) Song (SISU), Neel Sundaresan (IBM),
-Ralph Swick (W3C), Naohiko Uramoto (IBM), Charles Wicksteed (Reuters Ltd.),
-Misha Wolf (Reuters Ltd.)</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section class="appendix informative" id="changes">
-
-<h2>Change history</h2>
-
-<section id="PER-changes">
-
-<h3>Changes for Proposed Edited Recommendation in 2013</h2>
-
-<ul>
- <li>Conversion to ResPec, inclduing formatting of examples and notes.</li>
- <li>Refereces and anchors to RDF 1.0 documents where appropriate replaced by
- references and anchors to RDF 1.1 documents.</li>
- <li>Replaced the term "URI Reference" with the term "IRI". </li>
- <li>Removed discussion about distinction between plain and typed
- literals, as this distinction is absent in RDF 1.1 and has no technical
- bearing on RDF Schema.</li>
- <li>Fixed incorrect pointer to RDF Primer example 16 to example
- 21.</li>
- <li>Removed the introductory paragraph of Sec. <a
- href="#ch_reificationvocab">"Reification Vocabulary"</a>, as
- this discussion is not related to the technical content and is
- irrelevant and confusing now. </li>
- <li>Update of affiliation of the editors. </li>
- <li>Added RDF WG to the Acknowledgements section.</li>
- <li>Renamed the document from "RDF Vocabulary Description Language
- 1.0: RDF Schema" to "RDF Schema 1.1", as the term Vocabulary
- Description Language has led to confusion.</li>
- <li>Three paragraphs of the Introduction were left out. These
- paragraphs described the things that RDF Schema does not do and are
- now much less relevant than in 2004. </li>
- <li>Added the datatypes <code>rdf:langString</code> and
- <code>rdf:HTML</code>. </li>
- <li>Removed Appendix "RDF Schema in RDF/XML". It was informative,
- but now out of date, in terms of content and in terms of syntax.</li>
-</ul>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="2004-changes">
-
-<h3>Changes history of the 2004 Recommendation</h3>
-
-<p>The following is an outline of the main changes made to the 2004 specification, latest first,
-since the Last Call Working Draft of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-rdf-schema-20030123/">23
-January 2003</a>. See the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/RDFCore/20030123-issues/#schema">Last Call issue tracking
-document</a> for details of the specific issues raised regarding this specification.
-</p>
-
-<ul>
-<li>Amended Appendix A to note that the RDF/XML description of RDF and RDFS
-terms is not directly published at the RDFS namespace, but split between the 'rdf:' and 'rdfs:' namespace documents.
-Also removed the pre-REC warning that the WG might choose to change the namespace URI prior to Recommendation.</li>
-<li>Amended rdfs:range specification for rdf:predicate for consistency with the Semantics document (previously rdf:Property; now, rdfs:Resource)</li>
-<li>Removed reference to RDF mimetypes doc, as the IETF draft has expired and is 404 missing on their site.</li>
-<li>Reification vocabulary redescribed (<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/w3c-rdfcore-wg/2003Aug/0161.html">details</a>).</li>
-<li>Reworded rdfs:comment for rdfs:member, changing "container" to "resource"</li>
-<li>Reworded lead-in to Appendix A per <a
-href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-rdf-comments/2003JulSep/0170.html">0170.html</a>.
-</li>
-<li>OWL references now go to OWL specs rather than WebOnt homepage. Fixed minor typos per <a
-href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-rdf-comments/2003JanMar/0373.html">0373.html</a>)</li>
-<li>Reworded rdf:nil to tone down the imperative style.</li>
-<li>Added note to Properties section warning about over-use of sub-property,
-and referencing OWL, an editorial suggestion from Bijan Parsia. (<a
-href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-rdf-comments/2003AprJun/0177.html">details</a>).
-</li>
-<li>Regarding <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/RDFCore/20030123-issues/#pfps-12">pfps-12</a>, <a
-href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-rdf-comments/2003AprJun/0277.html">discussion</a>
-led to rdf:first/rest/List/nil rewritten per Peter Patel-Schneider's suggestion.</li>
-<li>Change to description of subProperty and subClass, to match <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-mt-20040210/#change">changes to RDF
-Semantics</a>. See
-<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/w3c-rdfcore-wg/2003Jul/0161.html">discussion</a>
-for details.</li>
-<li>Edits <a
-href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-rdf-comments/2003AprJun/0099.html">closing</a>
-'what is rdf schema' issue by clarifying that RDFS is a semantic extension of RDF, as defined
-in the RDF Semantics document. This closes rdfcore last call issue pfps-24.</li>
-</ul>
-
-</section>
-</section>
-
-<!--
-
+ <p class="issue">Check status of rdf:HTML and rdf:XMLLiteral before
+ publication</p>
+
+ <p>The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a general-purpose language
+ for
+ representing information in the Web.</p>
+ <p>RDF Schema provides a data-modelling vocabulary for RDF data.
+ It is complemented by several companion documents which
+ describe the basic concepts and abstract stntax of RDF
+ [[!RDF11-CONCEPTS]], the formal semantics of RDF [[!RDF11-MT]], and
+ various concrete syntaxes for RDF, such as Turtle [[!TURTLE]],
+ TriG, [[!TRIG]], and JSON-LD [[!JSON-LD]]. The RDF Primer
+ [[RDF11-PRIMER]] provides an informal introduction and
+ examples of the use of the concepts specified in this document.</p>
+ <p>This document is intended to provide a clear specification of RDF
+ Schema to those who find the formal semantics
+ specification [[RDF11-MT]]
+ daunting. Thus, this document duplicates material also specified in the
+ RDF
+ Semantics specification. Where there is disagreement between this
+ document
+ and the RDF Semantics specification, the RDF Semantics specification
+ should
+ be taken to be correct.</p>
+ <!--
+<p>RDF properties may be thought of as attributes of resources and inthis sense correspond to traditional attribute-value pairs. RDF
+properties also represent relationships between resources.</p>
+<p>RDF however, provides no mechanisms for describing these properties, nordoes it provide any mechanisms for describing the relationships between these
+properties and other resources. That is the role of the RDF vocabularydescription language, RDF Schema. RDF Schema defines classes and properties
+that may be used to describe classes, properties and other resources.</p>
+<p>This document does not specify a vocabulary of descriptive properties suchas "author". Instead it specifies mechanisms that may be used to name and
+describe properties and the classes of resource they describe.</p>-->
+ <p>
+ RDF Schema is a <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-mt/#semantic-extensions-and-entailment-regimes">semantic
+ extension</a> of RDF. It provides mechanisms for describing groups of
+ related resources and the relationships between these resources. RDF
+ Schema is written in RDF
+ using the terms described in this document. These resources are used to
+ determine characteristics of other resources, such as the <a href="#ch_domain">domains</a>
+ and <a href="#ch_range">ranges</a> of properties.
+ </p>
+ <p>The RDF Schema class and property system is similar to the type
+ systems of object-oriented programming languages such as Java. RDF
+ Schema differs from many such systems in that instead of defining a
+ class in
+ terms of the properties its instances may have, RDF Schema
+ describes properties in terms of the classes of
+ resource to which they apply. This is the role of the <a href="#ch_domain">domain</a>
+ and <a href="#ch_range">range</a>
+ mechanisms described in this specification. For example, we could
+ define the <code>eg:author</code> property to have a domain of <code>eg:Document</code>
+ and a range of
+ <code>eg:Person</code>, whereas a classical object oriented system might
+ typically define a class <code>eg:Book</code> with an attribute called
+ <code>eg:author</code> of type <code>eg:Person</code>. Using the RDF
+ approach, it is easy for others to subsequently define additional
+ properties with a domain of eg:<code>Document</code> or a range of
+ <code>eg:Person</code>. This can be done without the need to re-define
+ the original description of
+ these classes. One benefit of the RDF property-centric approach is that
+ it
+ allows anyone to extend the description of existing resources, one of
+ the
+ architectural principles of the Web [[BERNERS-LEE98]].</p>
+ <p>This specification does not attempt to enumerate all the possible forms
+ of
+ representing the meaning of RDF
+ classes and properties. Instead, the RDF Schema strategy is
+ to acknowledge that there are many techniques through which the meaning
+ of
+ classes and properties can be described. Richer vocabulary or 'ontology'
+ languages such as OWL [[OWL2-OVERVIEW]], inference rule
+ languages and other formalisms (for example temporal logics) will each
+ contribute to our ability to capture meaningful generalizations about
+ data in
+ the Web.
+ <!--
+RDF vocabulary designers can create and deploy Semantic Webapplications using the RDF Schema facilities,
+while exploring richer languages that share thisgeneral approach.
+--></p>
+ <p>The language defined in this specification consists of a collection of
+ RDF resources that can be used to describe other RDF resources in
+ application-specific RDF vocabularies. The core vocabulary is defined in
+ a namespace informally called <code>rdfs</code> here. That namespace is
+ identified by the IRI</p>
+ <blockquote>
+ <code>http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#</code>
+ </blockquote>
+ and is conventionally associated with the prefix <code>rdfs:</code>. This
+ specification also uses the prefix
+ <code>rdf:</code> to refer to the RDF namespace
+ <p></p>
+ <blockquote>
+ <code>http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#</code>
+ </blockquote>
+ <p>For convenience and readability, this specification uses an abbreviated
+ form to represent IRIs. A name of the form prefix:suffix should be
+ interpreted as a IRI consisting of the IRI associated
+ with the prefix concatenated with the suffix.</p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_classes">
+ <h2>Classes</h2>
+ <p>Resources may be divided into groups called classes. The members of a
+ class are known as <em>instances</em> of the class. Classes are
+ themselves
+ resources. They are often identified by <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#section-IRIs">IRIs</a>
+ and
+ may be described using RDF properties. The <code><a href="#ch_type">rdf:type</a></code>
+ property may be used to state that a
+ resource is an instance of a class.</p>
+ <p>RDF distinguishes between a class and the set of its instances.
+ Associated
+ with each class is a set, called the class extension of the class, which
+ is
+ the set of the instances of the class. Two classes may have the same set
+ of
+ instances but be different classes. For example, the tax office may
+ define
+ the class of people living at the same address as the editor of this
+ document. The Post Office may define the class of people whose address
+ has
+ the same zip code as the address of the author. It is possible for these
+ classes to have exactly the same instances, yet to have different
+ properties.
+ Only one of the classes has the property that it was defined by the tax
+ office, and only the other has the property that it was defined by the
+ Post
+ Office.</p>
+ <p>A class may be a member of its own class extension and may be an
+ instance of itself. </p>
+ <p>The group of resources that are RDF Schema classes is itself a class
+ called <a href="#ch_class"><code>rdfs:Class</code></a>.</p>
+ <p id="def-subclass">
+ If a class C is a <em>subclass</em> of a class C', then all instances
+ of C will
+ also be instances of C'. The <a href="#ch_subclassof"><code>rdfs:subClassOf</code></a>
+ property may be used to state that one class is a subclass of another.
+ The term super-class is used as the inverse of subclass. If a class C'
+ is a super-class of a class C, then all instances of C are also
+ instances of C'.
+ </p>
+ <p>The RDF Concepts and Abstract Syntax [[RDF11-CONCEPTS]] specification
+ defines the RDF concept of an <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#section-Datatypes">RDF
+ datatype</a>. All datatypes are classes. The instances of a class that
+ is a
+ datatype are the members of the value space of the datatype.</p>
+ <section id="ch_resource">
+ <h3>rdfs:Resource</h3>
+ <p>All things described by RDF are called <em>resources</em>, and are
+ instances of the class <code>rdfs:Resource</code>. This is the class
+ of
+ everything. All other classes are <a href="#def-subclass">subclasses</a>
+ of
+ this class. <code>rdfs:Resource</code> is an instance of <a href="#ch_class"><code>rdfs:Class</code></a>.</p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_class">
+ <h3>rdfs:Class</h3>
+ <p>This is the class of resources that are RDF classes.
+ <code>rdfs:Class</code> is an instance of <code>rdfs:Class.</code></p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_literal">
+ <h3>rdfs:Literal</h3>
+ <p>The class <code>rdfs:Literal</code> is the class of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#section-Graph-Literal">literal</a>
+ values such as strings and integers. Property values such as textual
+ strings are examples of RDF literals.</p>
+ <p><code>rdfs:Literal</code> is an instance of <a href="#ch_class"><code>rdfs:Class</code></a>.
+ rdfs:Literal is a <a href="#def-subclass">subclass</a> of <a href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a>.</p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_datatype">
+ <h3>rdfs:Datatype</h3>
+ <p><code>rdfs:Datatype</code> is the class of datatypes. All instances
+ of
+ <code>rdfs:Datatype</code> correspond to the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#section-Datatypes">RDF
+model
+ of a datatype</a> described in the RDF Concepts specification
+ [[RDF11-CONCEPTS]].
+ <code>rdfs:Datatype</code> is
+ both an instance of and a <a href="#def-subclass">subclass</a> of <a
+ href="#ch_class"><code>rdfs:Class</code></a>. Each instance of <code>rdfs:Datatype</code>
+ is a <a href="#def-subclass">subclass</a> of rdfs:Literal.</p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_langString">
+ <h3>rdf:langString</h3>
+ <p>The class <code>rdf:langString</code> is the class of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-language-tagged-string">language-tagged
+ string values</a>. <code>rdf:langString</code> is an instance of
+ <code>rdfs:Datatype</code> and a <a href="#def-subclass">subclass</a>
+ of <a href="#ch_literal"><code>rdfs:Literal</code></a>.</p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_html">
+ <h3>rdf:HTML</h3>
+ <p>The class <code>rdf:HTML</code> is the class of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#section-html">HTML
+literal
+ values</a>. <code>rdf:HTML</code> is an instance of
+ <code>rdfs:Datatype</code> and a <a href="#def-subclass">subclass</a>
+ of <a href="#ch_literal"><code>rdfs:Literal</code></a>.</p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_xmlliteral">
+ <h3>rdf:XMLLiteral</h3>
+ <p>The class <code>rdf:XMLLiteral</code> is the class of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#section-XMLLiteral">XML
+literal
+ values</a>. <code>rdf:XMLLiteral</code> is an instance of
+ <code>rdfs:Datatype</code> and a <a href="#def-subclass">subclass</a>
+ of <a href="#ch_literal"><code>rdfs:Literal</code></a>.</p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_property">
+ <h3>rdf:Property</h3>
+ <p><code>rdf:Property</code> is the class of RDF properties.
+ <code>rdf:Property</code> is an instance of <a href="#ch_class"><code>rdfs:Class</code></a>.</p>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_properties">
+ <h2>Properties</h2>
+ <p>The RDF Concepts and Abstract Syntax specification [[RDF11-CONCEPTS]]
+ describes the concept of an RDF property as a relation between subject
+ resources and object resources.</p>
+ <p id="def-subproperty">
+ This specification defines the concept of subproperty. The <a href="#ch_subclassof"><code>rdfs:subPropertyOf</code></a>
+ property may be used to state that one property is a subproperty of
+ another.
+ If a property P is a subproperty of property P', then all pairs of
+ resources which are related by P are also related by P'. The term
+ super-property is often
+ used as the inverse of subproperty. If a property P' is a super-property
+ of a property P, then all pairs of resources which are related by P are
+ also related by P'. This specification does not define a top
+ property that is the super-property of all properties.
+ </p>
+ <div class="note">
+ The basic facilities provided by <a href="#ch_domain"><code>rdfs:domain</code></a>
+ and <a href="#ch_range"><code>rdfs:range</code></a> do not provide any
+ direct way to indicate property restrictions that are local to a class.
+ Although it is possible to combine use <a href="#ch_domain"><code>rdfs:domain</code></a>
+ and <a href="#ch_range"><code>rdfs:range</code></a> with sub-property
+ hierarchies, direct support for such declarations are provided by richer
+ Web Ontology languages such as OWL [[OWL2-OVERVIEW]].
+ </div>
+ <section id="ch_range">
+ <h3>rdfs:range</h3>
+ <p><code>rdfs:range</code> is an instance of <a href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a>
+ that is used to state that
+ the values of a property are instances of one or more classes.</p>
+ <p>The triple</p>
+ <blockquote> <code>P rdfs:range C</code>
+ </blockquote>
+ <p>states that P is an instance of the class <a href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a>,
+ that C is an instance of the class <a href="#ch_class"><code>rdfs:Class</code></a>
+ and that the resources denoted by the objects of triples whose
+ predicate is P are instances of the class C.</p>
+ <p>Where P has more than one rdfs:range property, then the resources
+ denoted by the objects of triples with predicate P are instances of
+ all the classes stated by the <code>rdfs:range</code> properties.</p>
+ <p>The <code>rdfs:range</code> property can be applied to itself. The
+ rdfs:range of <code>rdfs:range</code> is the class <a href="#ch_class"><code>rdfs:Class</code></a>.
+ This states that any resource
+ that is the value of an <code>rdfs:range</code> property is an
+ instance of <a href="#ch_class"><code>rdfs:Class</code></a>.</p>
+ <p>The <code>rdfs:range</code> property is applied to properties. This
+ can be represented in RDF using the <a href="#ch_domain"><code>rdfs:domain</code></a>
+ property. The <a href="#ch_domain"><code>rdfs:domain</code></a> of <code>rdfs:range</code>
+ is
+ the class <a href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a>. This
+ states
+ that any resource with an <code>rdfs:range</code> property is an
+ instance of
+ <code><a href="#ch_property">rdf:Property</a></code>.</p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_domain">
+ <h3>rdfs:domain</h3>
+ <p><code>rdfs:domain</code> is an instance of <a href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a>
+ that is used to state that
+ any resource that has a given property is an instance of one or more
+ classes.</p>
+ <p>A triple of the form:</p>
+ <blockquote> <code>P rdfs:domain C</code>
+ </blockquote>
+ <p>states that P is an instance of the class <code><a href="#ch_property">rdf:Property</a></code>,
+ that C is a instance of the class <code><a href="#ch_class">rdfs:Class</a></code>
+ and that the resources denoted by the subjects of triples whose
+ predicate is P are instances of the class C.</p>
+ <p>Where a property P has more than one rdfs:domain property, then the
+ resources denoted by subjects of triples with predicate P are
+ instances of all the classes stated by the <code>rdfs:domain</code>
+ properties.</p>
+ <p>The <code>rdfs:domain</code> property may be applied to itself. The
+ rdfs:domain of <code>rdfs:domain</code> is the class <a href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a>.
+ This states that any
+ resource with an <code>rdfs:domain</code> property is an instance of
+ <code><a href="#ch_property">rdf:Property</a></code>.</p>
+ <p>The <a href="#ch_range"><code>rdfs:range</code></a> of
+ <code>rdfs:domain</code> is the class <code><a href="#ch_class">rdfs:Class</a></code>.
+ This states that any resource that is the value of an <code>rdfs:domain</code>
+ property is an
+ instance of <code><a href="#ch_class">rdfs:Class</a></code>.</p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_type">
+ <h3>rdf:type</h3>
+ <p><code>rdf:type</code> is an instance of <a href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a>
+ that is used to
+ state that a resource is an instance of a class.</p>
+ <p>A triple of the form:</p>
+ <blockquote> <code>R rdf:type C</code>
+ </blockquote>
+ <p>states that C is an instance of <a href="#ch_class"><code>rdfs:Class</code></a>
+ and R is an instance of C.</p>
+ <p>The <code><a href="#ch_domain">rdfs:domain</a></code> of
+ <code>rdf:type</code> is <a href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a>.
+ The <a href="#ch_range"><code>rdfs:range</code></a> of rdf:type is <a
+ href="#ch_class"><code>rdfs:Class</code></a>.</p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_subclassof">
+ <h3>rdfs:subClassOf</h3>
+ <p>The property <code>rdfs:subClassOf</code> is an instance of <code><a
+ href="#ch_property">rdf:Property</a></code> that is used to state
+ that all the instances of one class are instances of another.</p>
+ <p>A triple of the form:</p>
+ <blockquote> <code>C1 rdfs:subClassOf C2</code>
+ </blockquote>
+ <p>states that C1 is an instance of <code><a href="#ch_class">rdfs:Class</a></code>,
+ C2 is an instance of <code><a href="#ch_class">rdfs:Class</a></code>
+ and C1 is a <a href="#def-subclass">subclass</a> of C2. The <code>rdfs:subClassOf</code>
+ property is transitive.</p>
+ <p>The <a href="#ch_domain"><code>rdfs:domain</code></a> of
+ <code>rdfs:subClassOf</code> is <code><a href="#ch_class">rdfs:Class</a></code>.
+ The <a href="#ch_range"><code>rdfs:range</code></a> of <code>rdfs:subClassOf</code>
+ is <a href="#ch_class"><code>rdfs:Class</code></a>.</p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_subpropertyof">
+ <h3>rdfs:subPropertyOf</h3>
+ <p>The property <code>rdfs:subPropertyOf</code> is an instance of <code><a
+ href="#ch_property">rdf:Property</a></code> that is used to state
+ that all resources related by one property are also related by
+ another.</p>
+ <p>A triple of the form:</p>
+ <blockquote> <code>P1 rdfs:subPropertyOf P2</code>
+ </blockquote>
+ <p>states that P1 is an instance of <code><a href="#ch_property">rdf:Property</a></code>,
+ P2 is an instance of <code><a href="#ch_property">rdf:Property</a></code>
+ and P1 is a <a href="#def-subproperty">subproperty</a> of P2. The
+ <code>rdfs:subPropertyOf</code> property is transitive.</p>
+ <p>The <a href="#ch_domain"><code>rdfs:domain</code></a> of
+ <code>rdfs:subPropertyOf</code> is <code><a href="#ch_property">rdf:Property</a></code>.
+ The <a href="#ch_range"><code>rdfs:range</code></a> of
+ rdfs:subPropertyOf is <a href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a>.</p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_label">
+ <h3>rdfs:label</h3>
+ <p><code>rdfs:label</code> is an instance of <a href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a>
+ that may be used to provide a human-readable version of a resource's
+ name.</p>
+ <p>A triple of the form:</p>
+ <blockquote> <code>R rdfs:label L</code>
+ </blockquote>
+ <p>states that L is a human readable label for R.</p>
+ <p>The <a href="#ch_domain"><code>rdfs:domain</code></a> of
+ <code>rdfs:label</code> is <code><a href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>.
+ The <a href="#ch_range"><code>rdfs:range</code></a> of rdfs:label is
+ <a href="#ch_literal"><code>rdfs:Literal</code></a>.</p>
+ <p>Multilingual labels are supported using the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#section-Graph-Literal">language
+ tagging</a> facility of RDF literals.</p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_comment">
+ <h3>rdfs:comment</h3>
+ <p><code>rdfs:comment</code> is an instance of <code><a href="#ch_property">rdf:Property</a></code>
+ that may be used to provide a human-readable description of a
+ resource.</p>
+ <p>A triple of the form:</p>
+ <blockquote> <code>R rdfs:comment L</code>
+ </blockquote>
+ <p>states that L is a human readable description of R.</p>
+ <p>The <a href="#ch_domain"><code>rdfs:domain</code></a> of
+ <code>rdfs:comment</code> is <code><a href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>.
+ The <a href="#ch_range"><code>rdfs:range</code></a> of rdfs:comment
+ is <a href="#ch_literal"><code>rdfs:Literal</code></a>.</p>
+ <p>A textual comment helps clarify the meaning of RDF classes and
+ properties.
+ Such in-line documentation complements the use of both formal
+ techniques
+ (Ontology and rule languages) and informal (prose documentation,
+ examples,
+ test cases). A variety of documentation forms can be combined to
+ indicate the
+ intended meaning of the classes and properties described in an RDF
+ vocabulary. Since RDF vocabularies are expressed as RDF graphs,
+ vocabularies
+ defined in other namespaces may be used to provide richer
+ documentation.</p>
+ <p>Multilingual documentation is supported through use of the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#section-Graph-Literal">language
+ tagging</a> facility of RDF literals.</p>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ <section class="informative" id="ch_domainrange">
+ <h2>Using the Domain and Range vocabulary</h2>
+ <p>This specification introduces an RDF vocabulary for describing the
+ meaningful use of properties and classes in RDF data. For example, an
+ RDF
+ vocabulary might describe limitations on the types of values that are
+ appropriate for some property, or on the classes to which it makes sense
+ to
+ ascribe such properties.</p>
+ <p>RDF Schema provides a mechanism for describing this information, but
+ does not say whether or how an application should use it. For example,
+ while an RDF vocabulary can assert that an <code>author</code> property
+ is used to
+ indicate resources that are instances of the class <code>Person</code>,
+ it
+ does not say whether or how an application should act in processing that
+ range information. Different applications will use this information in
+ different ways. For example, data checking tools might use this to help
+ discover errors in some data set, an interactive editor might suggest
+ appropriate values, and a reasoning application might use it to infer
+ additional information from instance data.</p>
+ <p>RDF vocabularies can describe relationships between vocabulary items
+ from
+ multiple independently developed vocabularies. Since IRIs are used
+ to identify classes and properties on the Web, it is possible to create
+ new
+ properties that have a <code>domain</code> or <code>range</code> whose
+ value
+ is a class defined in another namespace.</p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_othervocab">
+ <h2>Other vocabulary</h2>
+ <p>Additional classes and properties, including constructs for
+ representing
+ containers and RDF statements, and for deploying RDF vocabulary
+ descriptions
+ in the World Wide Web, are defined in this section.</p>
+ <section id="ch_containervocab" class="informative">
+ <h3>Container Classes and Properties</h3>
+ <p>RDF containers are resources that are used to represent collections.
+ An introduction
+ to RDF containers with examples may be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-primer-20040210/#containers">RDF
+2004
+ Primer</a>. The same resource may appear in a container more than
+ once. Unlike containment in the physical world, a container may be
+ contained in itself.</p>
+ <p>Three different kinds of container are defined. Whilst the formal
+ semantics [[RDF11-MT]] of all three classes of container are
+ identical,
+ different classes may be used to indicate informally further
+ information. An rdf:Bag is used to indicate that the container is
+ intended to be unordered. An rdf:Seq is used to indicate that the
+ order indicated by the numerical order of the <a href="#ch_containermembershipproperty">container
+ membership properties</a>
+ of the container is intended to be significant. An rdf:Alt container
+ is used
+ to indicate that typical processing of the container will be to select
+ one of
+ the members.</p>
+ <p>Just as a hen house may have the property that it is made of wood,
+ that
+ does not mean that all the hens it contains are made of wood, a
+ property of a
+ container is not necessarily a property of all of its members.</p>
+ <p>RDF containers are defined by the following classes and properties.</p>
+ <section id="ch_container">
+ <h4>rdfs:Container</h4>
+ <p>The <code>rdfs:Container</code> class is a super-class of the RDF
+ Container classes, i.e. <code><a href="#ch_bag">rdf:Bag</a></code>,
+ <code><a href="#ch_seq">rdf:Seq</a></code>, <code><a href="#ch_alt">rdf:Alt</a></code>.</p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_bag">
+ <h4>rdf:Bag</h4>
+ <p>The <code>rdf:Bag</code> class is the class of RDF 'Bag'
+ containers. It is
+ a <a href="#def-subclass">subclass</a> of <code><a href="#ch_container">rdfs:Container</a></code>.
+ Whilst formally it is no
+ different from an <code><a href="#ch_seq">rdf:Seq</a></code> or an
+ <code><a href="#ch_alt">rdf:Alt</a></code>, the <code>rdf:Bag</code>
+ class is used
+ conventionally to indicate to a human reader that the container is
+ intended
+ to be unordered.</p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_seq">
+ <h4>rdf:Seq</h4>
+ <p>The <code>rdf:Seq</code> class is the class of RDF 'Sequence'
+ containers.
+ It is a <a href="#def-subclass">subclass</a> of <code><a href="#ch_container">rdfs:Container</a></code>.
+ Whilst formally it is no
+ different from an <code><a href="#ch_bag">rdf:Bag</a></code> or an
+ <code><a href="#ch_alt">rdf:Alt</a></code>, the <code>rdf:Seq</code>
+ class is used
+ conventionally to indicate to a human reader that the numerical
+ ordering of
+ the <a href="#ch_containermembershipproperty">container membership
+ properties</a> of the container is intended to be significant.</p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_alt">
+ <h4>rdf:Alt</h4>
+ <p>The <code>rdf:Alt</code> class is the class of RDF 'Alternative'
+ containers. It is a <a href="#def-subclass">subclass</a> of <code><a
+ href="#ch_container">rdfs:Container</a></code>. Whilst formally
+ it is no
+ different from an <code><a href="#ch_seq">rdf:Seq</a></code> or an
+ <code><a href="#ch_bag">rdf:Bag</a></code>, the <code>rdf:Alt</code>
+ class is used
+ conventionally to indicate to a human reader that typical processing
+ will be
+ to select one of the members of the container. The first member of
+ the
+ container, i.e. the value of the <code><a href="#ch_containermembershipproperty">rdf:_1</a></code>
+ property, is the
+ default choice.</p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_containermembershipproperty">
+ <h4>rdfs:ContainerMembershipProperty</h4>
+ <p>The <code>rdfs:ContainerMembershipProperty</code> class has as
+ instances
+ the properties <code>rdf:_1, rdf:_2, rdf:_3 ...</code> that are
+ used to state
+ that a resource is a member of a container.
+ <code>rdfs:ContainerMembershipProperty</code> is a <a href="#def-subclass">subclass</a>
+ of <a href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a>. Each
+ instance of
+ <code>rdfs:ContainerMembershipProperty</code> is an <a href="#ch_subpropertyof"><code>rdfs:subPropertyOf</code></a>
+ the <code><a href="#ch_member">rdfs:member</a></code> property.</p>
+ <p>Given a container C, a triple of the form:</p>
+ <blockquote> <code>C rdf:_nnn O</code>
+ </blockquote>
+ <p>where <code>nnn</code> is the decimal representation of an integer
+ greater than 0 with
+ no leading zeros, states that O is a member of the container C.</p>
+ <p>Container membership properties may be applied to resources other
+ than containers.</p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_member">
+ <h4>rdfs:member</h4>
+ <p><code>rdfs:member</code> is an instance of <code><a href="#ch_property">rdf:Property</a></code>
+ that is a super-property of all
+ the container membership properties i.e. each container membership
+ property
+ has an <a href="#ch_subpropertyof"><code>rdfs:subPropertyOf</code></a>
+ relationship to the property <code>rdfs:member</code>.</p>
+ <p>The <a href="#ch_domain"><code>rdfs:domain</code></a> of
+ <code>rdfs:member</code> is <code><a href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>.
+ The <a href="#ch_range"><code>rdfs:range</code></a> of <code>rdfs:member</code>
+ is
+ <code><a href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>.</p>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_collectionvocab" class="informative">>
+ <h3>RDF Collections</h3>
+ <p>RDF containers are open in the sense that the core RDF specifications
+ define no mechanism to state that there are no more members. The RDF
+ Collection vocabulary of classes and properties can describe a closed
+ collection, i.e. one that can have no more members. The reader is
+ referred to
+ the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-primer-20040210/#collections">collections</a>
+ section of the RDF 2004 primer for an informal introduction to
+ collections with
+ examples.</p>
+ <p>A collection is represented as a list of items, a representation that
+ will be familiar to those with experience of Lisp and similar
+ programming languages. There is a <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/#collections">shorthand
+ notation</a> in the Turtle syntax specification for representing
+ collections.</p>
+ <div class="note">
+ RDFS does not require that there be only one first element of a
+ list-like structure, or even that a list-like structure have a first
+ element.
+ </div>
+ <section id="ch_list">
+ <h4>rdf:List</h4>
+ <p><code>rdf:List</code> is an instance of <a href="#ch_class"><code>rdfs:Class</code></a>
+ that can be used to build descriptions of lists and other list-like
+ structures.
+ </p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_first">
+ <h4>rdf:first</h4>
+ <p><code>rdf:first</code> is an instance of <a href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a>
+ that can be used to build descriptions of lists and other list-like
+ structures.
+ </p>
+ <p>A triple of the form:</p>
+ <blockquote> <code>L rdf:first O</code>
+ </blockquote>
+ <p>states that there is a first-element relationship between L and O.</p>
+ <p>
+ The <a href="#ch_domain"><code>rdfs:domain</code></a> of <code>rdf:first</code>
+ is <code><a href="#ch_list">rdf:List</a></code>. The <a href="#ch_range"><code>rdfs:range</code></a>
+ of <code>rdf:first</code> is <code><a href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>.
+ </p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_rest">
+ <h4>rdf:rest</h4>
+ <p><code>rdf:rest</code> is an instance of <a href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a>
+ that can be used to build descriptions of lists and other list-like
+ structures.
+ </p>
+ <p>A triple of the form:</p>
+ <blockquote> <code>L rdf:rest O</code>
+ </blockquote>
+ <p>states that there is a rest-of-list relationship between L and O.</p>
+ <p>
+ The <a href="#ch_domain"><code>rdfs:domain</code></a> of <code>rdf:rest</code>
+ is <code><a href="#ch_list">rdf:List</a></code>. The <a href="#ch_range"><code>rdfs:range</code></a>
+ of <code>rdf:rest</code> is <code><a href="#ch_list">rdf:List</a></code>.
+ </p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_nil">
+ <h4>rdf:nil</h4>
+ <p>The resource <code>rdf:nil</code> is an instance of <code><a href="#ch_list">rdf:List</a></code>
+ that can be used to represent an empty list or other list-like
+ structure.</p>
+ <p>A triple of the form:</p>
+ <blockquote> <code>L rdf:rest rdf:nil</code>
+ </blockquote>
+ <p>states that L is an instance of <code><a href="#ch_list">rdf:List</a></code>
+ that has one item; that item can be indicated using the <code><a href="#ch_first">rdf:first</a></code>
+ property.</p>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_reificationvocab" class="informative">>
+ <h3>Reification Vocabulary</h3>
+ <!--
+<p>The 1999 RDF Model and Syntax Specification [[RDFMS]] defined a vocabulary for describing RDF statements without stating them.
+The 2004 RDF specification did not assign a normative formal semantics to this vocabulary. However, an intended meaning of
+this vocabulary (which generally clarifies the intent of the RDFMS definition) is described here.
+An informal introduction to the reification vocabulary, with examples, may be found in the <a
+href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-primer-20040210/#reification">RDF2004 primer</a>.
+</p>-->
+ <section id="ch_statement">
+ <h4>rdf:Statement</h4>
+ <p><code>rdf:Statement</code> is an instance of <code><a href="#ch_class">rdfs:Class.</a></code>
+ It is intended to represent the class of RDF statements. An RDF
+ statement is the statement made by a token of an RDF triple. The
+ subject of an RDF statement is the instance of <code><a href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>
+ identified by the subject of the triple. The predicate of an RDF
+ statement is the instance of <code><a href="#ch_property">rdf:Property</a></code>
+ identified by the predicate of the triple. The object of an RDF
+ statement is the instance of <code><a href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>
+ identified by the object of the triple.
+ <code>rdf:Statement</code> is in the domain of the properties <code><a
+ href="#ch_predicate">rdf:predicate</a></code>, <code><a href="#ch_subject">rdf:subject</a></code>
+ and <code><a href="#ch_object">rdf:object</a></code>. Different
+ individual <code>rdf:Statement</code> instances may have the same
+ values for their <code><a href="#ch_predicate">rdf:predicate</a></code>,
+ <code><a href="#ch_subject">rdf:subject</a></code>
+ and <code><a href="#ch_object">rdf:object</a></code> properties.
+ </p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_subject">
+ <h4>rdf:subject</h4>
+ <p><code>rdf:subject</code> is an instance of <a href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a>
+ that is used to state the
+ subject of a statement.</p>
+ <p>A triple of the form:</p>
+ <blockquote> <code>S rdf:subject R</code>
+ </blockquote>
+ <p>states that S is an instance of <code><a href="#ch_statement">rdf:Statement</a></code>
+ and that the subject of S is
+ R.</p>
+ <p class="schemacomment">The <a href="#ch_domain"><code>rdfs:domain</code></a>
+ of <code>rdf:subject</code> is
+ <code><a href="#ch_statement">rdf:Statement</a></code>. The <a href="#ch_range"><code>rdfs:range</code></a>
+ of <code>rdf:subject</code> is
+ <code><a href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>.</p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_predicate">
+ <h4>rdf:predicate</h4>
+ <p>rdf:predicate is an instance of <a href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a>
+ that is used to state the
+ predicate of a statement.</p>
+ <p>A triple of the form:</p>
+ <blockquote> <code>S rdf:predicate P</code>
+ </blockquote>
+ <p>states that S is an instance of <code><a href="#ch_statement">rdf:Statement</a></code>,
+ that P is an instance of
+ <code><a href="#ch_property">rdf:Property</a></code> and that the
+ predicate
+ of S is P.</p>
+ <p>The <a href="#ch_domain"><code>rdfs:domain</code></a> of
+ <code>rdf:predicate</code> is <code><a href="#ch_statement">rdf:Statement</a></code>
+ and the <a href="#ch_range"><code>rdfs:range</code></a> is <a href="#ch_resource"><code>rdfs:Resource</code></a>.</p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_object">
+ <h4>rdf:object</h4>
+ <p>rdf:object is an instance of <a href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a>
+ that is used to state the
+ object of a statement.</p>
+ <p>A triple of the form:</p>
+ <blockquote> <code>S rdf:object O</code>
+ </blockquote>
+ <p>states that S is an instance of <code><a href="#ch_statement">rdf:Statement</a></code>
+ and that the object of S is
+ O.</p>
+ <p>The <a href="#ch_domain"><code>rdfs:domain</code></a> of
+ <code>rdf:object</code> is <code><a href="#ch_statement">rdf:Statement</a></code>.
+ The <a href="#ch_range"><code>rdfs:range</code></a> of <code>rdf:object</code>
+ is
+ <code><a href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>.</p>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_utilvocab">
+ <h3>Utility Properties</h3>
+ <p>The following utility classes and properties are defined in the RDF
+ core
+ namespaces.</p>
+ <section id="ch_seealso">
+ <h4>rdfs:seeAlso</h4>
+ <p><code>rdfs:seeAlso</code> is an instance of <a href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a>
+ that is used to indicate a
+ resource that might provide additional information about the subject
+ resource.</p>
+ <p>A triple of the form:</p>
+ <blockquote> <code>S rdfs:seeAlso O</code>
+ </blockquote>
+ <p>states that the resource O may provide additional information about
+ S. It
+ may be possible to retrieve representations of O from the Web, but
+ this is
+ not required. When such representations may be retrieved, no
+ constraints are
+ placed on the format of those representations.</p>
+ <p>The <code><a href="#ch_domain">rdfs:domain</a></code> of
+ <code>rdfs:seeAlso</code> is <code><a href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>.
+ The <code><a href="#ch_range">rdfs:range</a></code> of <code>rdfs:seeAlso</code>
+ is
+ <code><a href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>.</p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_isdefinedby">
+ <h4>rdfs:isDefinedBy</h4>
+ <p><code>rdfs:isDefinedBy</code> is an instance of <a href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a>
+ that is used to indicate a
+ resource defining the subject resource. This property may be used to
+ indicate
+ an RDF vocabulary in which a resource is described.</p>
+ <p>A triple of the form:</p>
+ <blockquote> <code>S rdfs:isDefinedBy O</code>
+ </blockquote>
+ <p>states that the resource O defines S. It may be possible to
+ retrieve
+ representations of O from the Web, but this is not required. When
+ such
+ representations may be retrieved, no constraints are placed on the
+ format of
+ those representations. <code>rdfs:isDefinedBy</code> is a <a href="#def-subproperty">subproperty</a>
+ of <code><a href="#ch_seealso">rdfs:seeAlso</a></code>.</p>
+ <p>The <code><a href="#ch_domain">rdfs:domain</a></code> of
+ <code>rdfs:isDefinedBy</code> is <code><a href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>.
+ The <code><a href="#ch_range">rdfs:range</a></code> of <code>rdfs:isDefinedBy</code>
+ is
+ <code><a href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>.</p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_value">
+ <h4>rdf:value</h4>
+ <p><code>rdf:value</code> is an instance of <a href="#ch_property"><code>rdf:Property</code></a>
+ that may be used in
+ describing structured values.</p>
+ <p>rdf:value has no meaning on its own. It is provided as a piece of
+ vocabulary that may be used in idioms such as illustrated in <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-primer-20040210/#example21">example
+ 21</a> of the RDF 1.0 primer. Despite
+ the lack of formal specification of the meaning of this property,
+ there is
+ value in defining it to encourage the use of a common idiom in
+ examples of
+ this kind.</p>
+ <p>The <code><a href="#ch_domain">rdfs:domain</a></code> of
+ <code>rdf:value</code> is <code><a href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>.
+ The <code><a href="#ch_range">rdfs:range</a></code> of <code>rdf:value</code>
+ is <code><a href="#ch_resource">rdfs:Resource</a></code>.</p>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ <section class="informative" id="ch_summary">
+ <h2>RDF Schema summary</h2>
+ <p>The tables in this section provide an overview of the RDF Schema vocabulary.</p>
+ <!-- of RDF, drawing together
+ vocabulary originally defined in the RDF Model and Syntax
+ specification [[RDFMS]] with
+ classes and properties that originate with RDF Schema.
+ -->
+ <section id="ch_sumclasses">
+ <h3>RDF classes</h3>
+ <table border="1">
+ <tbody>
+ <tr>
+ <th>Class name</th>
+ <th>comment</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
+ <td>The class resource, everything.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdfs:Literal</td>
+ <td>The class of literal values, e.g. textual strings and
+ integers.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdf:langString</td>
+ <td>The class of language-tagged string literal values.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdf:HTML</td>
+ <td>The class of HTML literal values.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdf:XMLLiteral</td>
+ <td>The class of XML literal values.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdfs:Class</td>
+ <td>The class of classes.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdf:Property</td>
+ <td>The class of RDF properties.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdfs:Datatype</td>
+ <td>The class of RDF datatypes.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdf:Statement</td>
+ <td>The class of RDF statements.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdf:Bag</td>
+ <td>The class of unordered containers.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdf:Seq</td>
+ <td>The class of ordered containers.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdf:Alt</td>
+ <td>The class of containers of alternatives.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdfs:Container</td>
+ <td>The class of RDF containers.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdfs:ContainerMembershipProperty</td>
+ <td>The class of container membership properties, rdf:_1, rdf:_2,
+ ..., all of which are sub-properties of 'member'.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdf:List</td>
+ <td>The class of RDF Lists.</td>
+ </tr>
+ </tbody>
+ </table>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ch_sumproperties">
+ <h3>RDF properties</h3>
+ <table border="1">
+ <tbody>
+ <tr>
+ <th>Property name</th>
+ <th>comment</th>
+ <th>domain</th>
+ <th>range</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdf:type</td>
+ <td>The subject is an instance of a class.</td>
+ <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
+ <td>rdfs:Class</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdfs:subClassOf</td>
+ <td>The subject is a subclass of a class.</td>
+ <td>rdfs:Class</td>
+ <td>rdfs:Class</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdfs:subPropertyOf</td>
+ <td>The subject is a subproperty of a property.</td>
+ <td>rdf:Property</td>
+ <td>rdf:Property</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdfs:domain</td>
+ <td>A domain of the subject property.</td>
+ <td>rdf:Property</td>
+ <td>rdfs:Class</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdfs:range</td>
+ <td>A range of the subject property.</td>
+ <td>rdf:Property</td>
+ <td>rdfs:Class</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdfs:label</td>
+ <td>A human-readable name for the subject.</td>
+ <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
+ <td>rdfs:Literal</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdfs:comment</td>
+ <td>A description of the subject resource.</td>
+ <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
+ <td>rdfs:Literal</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdfs:member</td>
+ <td>A member of the subject resource.</td>
+ <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
+ <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdf:first</td>
+ <td>The first item in the subject RDF list.</td>
+ <td>rdf:List</td>
+ <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdf:rest</td>
+ <td>The rest of the subject RDF list after the first item.</td>
+ <td>rdf:List</td>
+ <td>rdf:List</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdfs:seeAlso</td>
+ <td>Further information about the subject resource.</td>
+ <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
+ <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdfs:isDefinedBy</td>
+ <td>The definition of the subject resource.</td>
+ <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
+ <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdf:value</td>
+ <td>Idiomatic property used for structured values (see the RDF
+ Primer for <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-primer-20040210/#example16">an
+ example</a> of its usage).</td>
+ <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
+ <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdf:subject</td>
+ <td>The subject of the subject RDF statement.</td>
+ <td>rdf:Statement</td>
+ <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdf:predicate</td>
+ <td>The predicate of the subject RDF statement.</td>
+ <td>rdf:Statement</td>
+ <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>rdf:object</td>
+ <td>The object of the subject RDF statement.</td>
+ <td>rdf:Statement</td>
+ <td>rdfs:Resource</td>
+ </tr>
+ </tbody>
+ </table>
+ <p>In addition to these classes and properties, RDF also uses properties
+ called <code>rdf:_1</code>, <code>rdf:_2</code>, <code>rdf:_3</code>...
+ etc.,
+ each of which is both a sub-property of <code>rdfs:member</code> and
+ an
+ instance of the class <code>rdfs:ContainerMembershipProperty</code>.
+ There is
+ also an instance of <code>rdf:List</code> called <code>rdf:nil</code>
+ that is
+ an empty <code>rdf:List</code>.</p>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ <section class="appendix informative" id="ch_acknowledgements">
+ <h2>Acknowledgments</h2>
+ <p>The RDF Schema design was originally produced by the RDF Schema Working
+ Group (1997-2000). The current specification is largely an editorial
+ clarification of that design, and has benefited greatly from the hard
+ work of
+ the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/RDFCore/">RDF Core Working Group</a>
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/RDFCore/#Membership">members</a>, and
+ from
+ implementation feedback from many members of the <a href="http://www.w3.org/RDF/Interest/">RDF
+ Interest Group</a>. In
+ 2013-2014 Guus Schreiber edited this document on behalf of the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/rdf-wg/">RDF
+ Working Group</a>
+ to bring it in line with the RDF 1.1 specifications. </p>
+ <p>David Singer of IBM was the chair of the original RDF Schema group
+ throughout most of the development of this specification; we thank David
+ for
+ his efforts and thank IBM for supporting him and us in this endeavor.
+ Particular thanks are also due to Andrew Layman for his editorial work
+ on
+ early versions of this specification.</p>
+ <p>The original RDF Schema Working Group membership included:</p>
+ <p>Nick Arnett (Verity), Dan Brickley (ILRT / University of Bristol),
+ Walter
+ Chang (Adobe), Sailesh Chutani (Oracle), Ron Daniel (DATAFUSION),
+ Charles
+ Frankston (Microsoft), Joe Lapp (webMethods Inc.), Patrick Gannon
+ (CommerceNet), RV Guha (Epinions, previously of Netscape
+ Communications), Tom
+ Hill (Apple Computer), Renato Iannella (DSTC), Sandeep Jain (Oracle),
+ Kevin
+ Jones, (InterMind), Emiko Kezuka (Digital Vision Laboratories), Ora
+ Lassila
+ (Nokia Research Center), Andrew Layman (Microsoft), John McCarthy
+ (Lawrence
+ Berkeley National Laboratory), Michael Mealling (Network Solutions),
+ Norbert
+ Mikula (DataChannel), Eric Miller (OCLC), Frank Olken (Lawrence Berkeley
+ National Laboratory), Sri Raghavan (Digital/Compaq), Lisa Rein
+ (webMethods
+ Inc.), Tsuyoshi Sakata (Digital Vision Laboratories), Leon Shklar
+ (Pencom Web
+ Works), David Singer (IBM), Wei (William) Song (SISU), Neel Sundaresan
+ (IBM),
+ Ralph Swick (W3C), Naohiko Uramoto (IBM), Charles Wicksteed (Reuters
+ Ltd.),
+ Misha Wolf (Reuters Ltd.)</p>
+ </section>
+ <section class="appendix informative" id="changes">
+ <h2>Change history</h2>
+ <section id="PER-changes">
+ <h3>Changes for Proposed Edited Recommendation in 2013</h3>
+ <ul>
+ <li>Conversion to ResPec, inclduing formatting of examples and notes.</li>
+ <li>Refereces and anchors to RDF 1.0 documents where appropriate
+ replaced by references and anchors to RDF 1.1 documents.</li>
+ <li>Replaced the term "URI Reference" with the term "IRI". </li>
+ <li>Removed discussion about distinction between plain and typed
+ literals, as this distinction is absent in RDF 1.1 and has no
+ technical bearing on RDF Schema.</li>
+ <li>Fixed incorrect pointer to RDF Primer example 16 to example 21.</li>
+ <li>Removed the introductory paragraph of Sec. <a href="#ch_reificationvocab">"Reification
+ Vocabulary"</a>, as this discussion is not related to the
+ technical content and is irrelevant and confusing now. </li>
+ <li>Update of affiliation of the editors. </li>
+ <li>Added RDF WG to the Acknowledgements section.</li>
+ <li>Renamed the document from "RDF Vocabulary Description Language
+ 1.0: RDF Schema" to "RDF Schema 1.1", as the term Vocabulary
+ Description Language has led to confusion.</li>
+ <li>Three paragraphs of the Introduction were left out. These
+ paragraphs described the things that RDF Schema does not do and are
+ now much less relevant than in 2004. </li>
+ <li>Added the datatypes <code>rdf:langString</code> and <code>rdf:HTML</code>.
+ </li>
+ <li>Removed Appendix "RDF Schema in RDF/XML". It was informative, but
+ now out of date, in terms of content and in terms of syntax.</li>
+ </ul>
+ </section>
+ <section id="2004-changes">
+ <h3>Changes history of the 2004 Recommendation</h3>
+ <p>The following is an outline of the main changes made to the 2004
+ specification, latest first, since the Last Call Working Draft of <a
+ href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-rdf-schema-20030123/">23 January
+ 2003</a>. See the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/RDFCore/20030123-issues/#schema">Last
+ Call issue tracking document</a> for details of the specific issues
+ raised regarding this specification.
+ </p>
+ <ul>
+ <li>Amended Appendix A to note that the RDF/XML description of RDF and
+ RDFS terms is not directly published at the RDFS namespace, but
+ split between the 'rdf:' and 'rdfs:' namespace documents. Also
+ removed the pre-REC warning that the WG might choose to change the
+ namespace URI prior to Recommendation.</li>
+ <li>Amended rdfs:range specification for rdf:predicate for consistency
+ with the Semantics document (previously rdf:Property; now,
+ rdfs:Resource)</li>
+ <li>Removed reference to RDF mimetypes doc, as the IETF draft has
+ expired and is 404 missing on their site.</li>
+ <li>Reification vocabulary redescribed (<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/w3c-rdfcore-wg/2003Aug/0161.html">details</a>).</li>
+ <li>Reworded rdfs:comment for rdfs:member, changing "container" to
+ "resource"</li>
+ <li>Reworded lead-in to Appendix A per <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-rdf-comments/2003JulSep/0170.html">0170.html</a>.
+ </li>
+ <li>OWL references now go to OWL specs rather than WebOnt homepage.
+ Fixed minor typos per <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-rdf-comments/2003JanMar/0373.html">0373.html</a>)</li>
+ <li>Reworded rdf:nil to tone down the imperative style.</li>
+ <li>Added note to Properties section warning about over-use of
+ sub-property,
+ and referencing OWL, an editorial suggestion from Bijan Parsia. (<a
+ href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-rdf-comments/2003AprJun/0177.html">details</a>).
+ </li>
+ <li>Regarding <a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/RDFCore/20030123-issues/#pfps-12">pfps-12</a>,
+ <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-rdf-comments/2003AprJun/0277.html">discussion</a>
+ led to rdf:first/rest/List/nil rewritten per Peter Patel-Schneider's
+ suggestion.</li>
+ <li>Change to description of subProperty and subClass, to match <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-mt-20040210/#change">changes
+ to RDF Semantics</a>. See
+ <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/w3c-rdfcore-wg/2003Jul/0161.html">discussion</a>
+ for details.</li>
+ <li>Edits <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-rdf-comments/2003AprJun/0099.html">closing</a>
+ 'what is rdf schema' issue by clarifying that RDFS is a semantic
+ extension of RDF, as defined in the RDF Semantics document. This
+ closes rdfcore last call issue pfps-24.</li>
+ </ul>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ <!--
<section class="appendix informative" id="ch_appendix_rdfs">
-
<h2>RDF Schema as RDF/XML</h2>
-
<p class="issue">
-Update of the RDFS namespace document required!?
-</p>
-
+Update of the RDFS namespace document required!?</p>
<p>
-An RDFS description of the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-mt/#rdf-interpretations">RDF vocabulary</a>
-and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-mt/#rdfs-interpretations">RDFS vocabulary</a> is given here in RDF/XML syntax.
-It includes statements describing RDF resources originally introduced by
-the 1999 RDF Model and Syntax specification [[RDFMS]], as well as definitions for
+An RDFS description of the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-mt/#rdf-interpretations">RDF vocabulary</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-mt/#rdfs-interpretations">RDFS vocabulary</a> is given here in RDF/XML syntax.
+It includes statements describing RDF resources originally introduced bythe 1999 RDF Model and Syntax specification [[RDFMS]], as well as definitions for
resources introduced in the RDF Schema vocabulary.</p>
-
-<p>
-This material is also available as <a href="rdfs-namespace">a separate
-RDF/XML document</a>. It does not necessarily match the content
-published at the <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">RDF namespace
-URI</a> or the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#">RDFS
-namespace URI</a>, which may evolve over time.
-</p>
-
+<p>This material is also available as <a href="rdfs-namespace">a separate
+RDF/XML document</a>. It does not necessarily match the contentpublished at the <a
+href="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">RDF namespaceURI</a> or the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#">RDFS
+namespace URI</a>, which may evolve over time.</p>
<table cellpadding="5" border="1" width="95%" summary="RDF Schema in RDF">
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <pre>
-<rdf:RDF
- xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
- xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
- xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#">
-
+ <tbody> <tr>
+ <td> <pre>
+<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+ xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#">
<owl:Ontology rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/>
-
<rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource">
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/>
- <rdfs:label>Resource</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:comment>The class resource, everything.</rdfs:comment>
-</rdfs:Class>
-
+ <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/> <rdfs:label>Resource</rdfs:label>
+ <rdfs:comment>The class resource, everything.</rdfs:comment></rdfs:Class>
<rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type">
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/>
- <rdfs:label>type</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:comment>The subject is an instance of a class.</rdfs:comment>
- <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/>
- <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
-</rdf:Property>
-
+ <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/> <rdfs:label>type</rdfs:label>
+ <rdfs:comment>The subject is an instance of a class.</rdfs:comment> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/>
+ <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/></rdf:Property>
<rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class">
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/>
- <rdfs:label>Class</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:comment>The class of classes.</rdfs:comment>
- <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
+ <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/> <rdfs:label>Class</rdfs:label>
+ <rdfs:comment>The class of classes.</rdfs:comment> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
</rdfs:Class>
-
-<rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf">
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/>
- <rdfs:label>subClassOf</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:comment>The subject is a subclass of a class.</rdfs:comment>
- <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/>
- <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/>
+<rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf"> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/>
+ <rdfs:label>subClassOf</rdfs:label> <rdfs:comment>The subject is a subclass of a class.</rdfs:comment>
+ <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/>
</rdf:Property>
-
-<rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf">
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/>
- <rdfs:label>subPropertyOf</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:comment>The subject is a subproperty of a property.</rdfs:comment>
- <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property"/>
- <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property"/>
+<rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf"> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/>
+ <rdfs:label>subPropertyOf</rdfs:label> <rdfs:comment>The subject is a subproperty of a property.</rdfs:comment>
+ <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property"/> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property"/>
</rdf:Property>
-
-<rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property">
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/>
- <rdfs:label>Property</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:comment>The class of RDF properties.</rdfs:comment>
- <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
-</rdfs:Class>
-
+<rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property"> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/>
+ <rdfs:label>Property</rdfs:label> <rdfs:comment>The class of RDF properties.</rdfs:comment>
+ <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/></rdfs:Class>
<rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment">
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/>
- <rdfs:label>comment</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:comment>A description of the subject resource.</rdfs:comment>
- <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
- <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal"/>
-</rdf:Property>
-
+ <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/> <rdfs:label>comment</rdfs:label>
+ <rdfs:comment>A description of the subject resource.</rdfs:comment> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
+ <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal"/></rdf:Property>
<rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label">
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/>
- <rdfs:label>label</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:comment>A human-readable name for the subject.</rdfs:comment>
- <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
- <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal"/>
-</rdf:Property>
-
+ <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/> <rdfs:label>label</rdfs:label>
+ <rdfs:comment>A human-readable name for the subject.</rdfs:comment> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
+ <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal"/></rdf:Property>
<rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain">
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/>
- <rdfs:label>domain</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:comment>A domain of the subject property.</rdfs:comment>
- <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/>
- <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property"/>
-</rdf:Property>
-
+ <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/> <rdfs:label>domain</rdfs:label>
+ <rdfs:comment>A domain of the subject property.</rdfs:comment> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/>
+ <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property"/></rdf:Property>
<rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range">
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/>
- <rdfs:label>range</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:comment>A range of the subject property.</rdfs:comment>
- <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/>
- <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property"/>
-</rdf:Property>
-
+ <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/> <rdfs:label>range</rdfs:label>
+ <rdfs:comment>A range of the subject property.</rdfs:comment> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/>
+ <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property"/></rdf:Property>
<rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso">
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/>
- <rdfs:label>seeAlso</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:comment>Further information about the subject resource.</rdfs:comment>
- <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
- <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
-</rdf:Property>
-
+ <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/> <rdfs:label>seeAlso</rdfs:label>
+ <rdfs:comment>Further information about the subject resource.</rdfs:comment> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
+ <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/></rdf:Property>
<rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy">
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/>
- <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso"/>
- <rdfs:label>isDefinedBy</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:comment>The defininition of the subject resource.</rdfs:comment>
- <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
- <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
+ <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/> <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso"/>
+ <rdfs:label>isDefinedBy</rdfs:label> <rdfs:comment>The defininition of the subject resource.</rdfs:comment>
+ <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
</rdf:Property>
-
-<rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal">
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/>
- <rdfs:label>Literal</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:comment>The class of literal values, eg. textual strings and integers.</rdfs:comment>
- <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
-</rdfs:Class>
-
+<rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal"> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/>
+ <rdfs:label>Literal</rdfs:label> <rdfs:comment>The class of literal values, eg. textual strings and integers.</rdfs:comment>
+ <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/></rdfs:Class>
<rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Statement">
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/>
- <rdfs:label>Statement</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
- <rdfs:comment>The class of RDF statements.</rdfs:comment>
-</rdfs:Class>
-
-<rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#subject">
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/>
- <rdfs:label>subject</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:comment>The subject of the subject RDF statement.</rdfs:comment>
- <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Statement"/>
- <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
-</rdf:Property>
-
-<rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#predicate">
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/>
- <rdfs:label>predicate</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:comment>The predicate of the subject RDF statement.</rdfs:comment>
- <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Statement"/>
- <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
-</rdf:Property>
-
-<rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#object">
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/>
- <rdfs:label>object</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:comment>The object of the subject RDF statement.</rdfs:comment>
- <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Statement"/>
- <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
-</rdf:Property>
-
-<rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Container">
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/>
- <rdfs:label>Container</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
- <rdfs:comment>The class of RDF containers.</rdfs:comment>
-</rdfs:Class>
-
-<rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Bag">
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/>
- <rdfs:label>Bag</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:comment>The class of unordered containers.</rdfs:comment>
- <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Container"/>
-</rdfs:Class>
-
-<rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Seq">
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/>
- <rdfs:label>Seq</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:comment>The class of ordered containers.</rdfs:comment>
- <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Container"/>
-</rdfs:Class>
-
-<rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Alt">
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/>
- <rdfs:label>Alt</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:comment>The class of containers of alternatives.</rdfs:comment>
- <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Container"/>
-</rdfs:Class>
-
-<rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#ContainerMembershipProperty">
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/>
- <rdfs:label>ContainerMembershipProperty</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:comment>The class of container membership properties, rdf:_1, rdf:_2, ...,
- all of which are sub-properties of 'member'.</rdfs:comment>
- <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property"/>
+ <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/> <rdfs:label>Statement</rdfs:label>
+ <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/> <rdfs:comment>The class of RDF statements.</rdfs:comment>
</rdfs:Class>
-
-<rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#member">
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/>
- <rdfs:label>member</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:comment>A member of the subject resource.</rdfs:comment>
- <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
- <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
-</rdf:Property>
-
-<rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#value">
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/>
- <rdfs:label>value</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:comment>Idiomatic property used for structured values.</rdfs:comment>
- <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
- <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
-</rdf:Property>
-
-<rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#List">
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/>
- <rdfs:label>List</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:comment>The class of RDF Lists.</rdfs:comment>
- <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/></rdfs:Class>
-
-<rdf:List rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil">
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/>
- <rdfs:label>nil</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:comment>The empty list, with no items in it. If the rest of a list is nil then the list has no more items in it.</rdfs:comment>
-</rdf:List>
-
-<rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first">
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/>
- <rdfs:label>first</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:comment>The first item in the subject RDF list.</rdfs:comment>
- <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#List"/>
- <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
+<rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#subject"> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/>
+ <rdfs:label>subject</rdfs:label> <rdfs:comment>The subject of the subject RDF statement.</rdfs:comment>
+ <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Statement"/> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
</rdf:Property>
-
-<rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest">
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/>
- <rdfs:label>rest</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:comment>The rest of the subject RDF list after the first item.</rdfs:comment>
- <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#List"/>
- <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#List"/>
+<rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#predicate"> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/>
+ <rdfs:label>predicate</rdfs:label> <rdfs:comment>The predicate of the subject RDF statement.</rdfs:comment>
+ <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Statement"/> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
</rdf:Property>
-
-<rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Datatype">
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/>
- <rdfs:label>Datatype</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:comment>The class of RDF datatypes.</rdfs:comment>
- <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/>
+<rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#object"> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/>
+ <rdfs:label>object</rdfs:label> <rdfs:comment>The object of the subject RDF statement.</rdfs:comment>
+ <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Statement"/> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
+</rdf:Property>
+<rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Container"> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/>
+ <rdfs:label>Container</rdfs:label> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
+ <rdfs:comment>The class of RDF containers.</rdfs:comment></rdfs:Class>
+<rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Bag">
+ <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/> <rdfs:label>Bag</rdfs:label>
+ <rdfs:comment>The class of unordered containers.</rdfs:comment> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Container"/>
</rdfs:Class>
-
-<rdfs:Datatype rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#XMLLiteral">
- <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal"/>
- <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/>
- <rdfs:label>XMLLiteral</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:comment>The class of XML literal values.</rdfs:comment>
+<rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Seq"> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/>
+ <rdfs:label>Seq</rdfs:label> <rdfs:comment>The class of ordered containers.</rdfs:comment>
+ <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Container"/></rdfs:Class>
+<rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Alt">
+ <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/> <rdfs:label>Alt</rdfs:label>
+ <rdfs:comment>The class of containers of alternatives.</rdfs:comment> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Container"/>
+</rdfs:Class>
+<rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#ContainerMembershipProperty"> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/>
+ <rdfs:label>ContainerMembershipProperty</rdfs:label> <rdfs:comment>The class of container membership properties, rdf:_1, rdf:_2, ...,
+ all of which are sub-properties of 'member'.</rdfs:comment> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property"/>
+</rdfs:Class>
+<rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#member"> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/>
+ <rdfs:label>member</rdfs:label> <rdfs:comment>A member of the subject resource.</rdfs:comment>
+ <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
+</rdf:Property>
+<rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#value"> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/>
+ <rdfs:label>value</rdfs:label> <rdfs:comment>Idiomatic property used for structured values.</rdfs:comment>
+ <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
+</rdf:Property>
+<rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#List"> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/>
+ <rdfs:label>List</rdfs:label> <rdfs:comment>The class of RDF Lists.</rdfs:comment>
+ <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/></rdfs:Class>
+<rdf:List rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/>
+ <rdfs:label>nil</rdfs:label> <rdfs:comment>The empty list, with no items in it. If the rest of a list is nil then the list has no more items in it.</rdfs:comment>
+</rdf:List>
+<rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first"> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/>
+ <rdfs:label>first</rdfs:label> <rdfs:comment>The first item in the subject RDF list.</rdfs:comment>
+ <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#List"/> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"/>
+</rdf:Property>
+<rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest"> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/>
+ <rdfs:label>rest</rdfs:label> <rdfs:comment>The rest of the subject RDF list after the first item.</rdfs:comment>
+ <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#List"/> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#List"/>
+</rdf:Property>
+<rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Datatype"> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/>
+ <rdfs:label>Datatype</rdfs:label> <rdfs:comment>The class of RDF datatypes.</rdfs:comment>
+ <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/></rdfs:Class>
+ <rdfs:Datatype rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#XMLLiteral">
+ <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal"/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/>
+ <rdfs:label>XMLLiteral</rdfs:label> <rdfs:comment>The class of XML literal values.</rdfs:comment>
</rdfs:Datatype>
-
-<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#">
- <rdfs:seeAlso rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema-more"/>
+<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"> <rdfs:seeAlso rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema-more"/>
</rdf:Description>
-
</rdf:RDF>
-
- </pre>
- </td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-<hr />
-
+ </pre> </td>
+ </tr> </tbody>
+</table><hr />
</section>
-->
-
-</body>
+ </body>
</html>