--- a/drafts/trig/Overview.html Wed Sep 18 14:56:03 2013 +0100
+++ b/drafts/trig/Overview.html Wed Sep 18 06:59:24 2013 -0700
@@ -1,12 +1,46 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
-<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
+<html lang="en" dir="ltr" typeof="bibo:Document " about="" property="dcterms:language" content="en" prefix="bibo: http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/ w3p: http://www.w3.org/2001/02pd/rec54#">
<head>
<title>TriG</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
+
+
-
-
+
+ <style type="text/css">
+ /* Style Turtle script blocks to be visable */
+ pre.example script {
+ display:block;
+ }
+ .separated { border-collapse:collapse; }
+ .separated thead tr th { border:1px solid black; padding: .2em; }
+ .separated tbody tr td { border:1px solid black; text-align: center; }
+ .separated tbody tr td.r { text-align: right; padding: .5em; }
+ .grammar td { font-family: monospace; vertical-align: top; }
+ .grammar-literal { color: gray;}
+ .atrisk {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #ffc;
+}
+
+/* .atrisk::before */
+.atrisktext
+{
+ /* content: "Feature At Risk"; */
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+ </style>
+
<style>/*****************************************************************
* ReSpec 3 CSS
* Robin Berjon - http://berjon.com/
@@ -53,12 +87,6 @@
color: #ff4500;
}
-
-/* --- --- */
-ol.algorithm { counter-reset:numsection; list-style-type: none; }
-ol.algorithm li { margin: 0.5em 0; }
-ol.algorithm li:before { font-weight: bold; counter-increment: numsection; content: counters(numsection, ".") ") "; }
-
/* --- TOC --- */
.toc a, .tof a {
text-decoration: none;
@@ -161,7 +189,7 @@
color: #b9ab2d;
}
div.issue-title { color: #e05252; }
-div.note-title { color: #52e052; }
+div.note-title { color: #2b2; }
div.issue-title span, div.note-title span {
text-transform: uppercase;
}
@@ -176,7 +204,7 @@
border-left-style: solid;
}
div.issue, div.note {
- padding: 0.5em;
+ padding: 1em 1.2em 0.5em;
margin: 1em 0;
position: relative;
clear: both;
@@ -193,22 +221,22 @@
}
-</style><link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-WD" rel="stylesheet"><!--[if lt IE 9]><script src='https://www.w3.org/2008/site/js/html5shiv.js'></script><![endif]--></head>
- <body><div class="head">
+</style><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-ED"></head>
+ <body class="h-entry" role="document" id="respecDocument"><div class="head" role="contentinfo" id="respecHeader">
<p>
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" alt="W3C" height="48" width="72"></a>
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img width="72" height="48" src="https://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" alt="W3C"></a>
</p>
- <h1 class="title" id="title">TriG</h1>
+ <h1 class="title p-name" id="title" property="dcterms:title">TriG</h1>
- <h2 id="subtitle"><abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> Dataset Language</h2>
+ <h2 property="bibo:subtitle" id="subtitle"><abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> Dataset Language</h2>
- <h2 id="w3c-first-public-working-draft-09-april-2013"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> First Public Working Draft 09 April 2013</h2>
+ <h2 property="dcterms:issued" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2013-09-18T20:58:33.000Z" id="w3c-editor-s-draft-18-september-2013"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Editor's Draft <time class="dt-published" datetime="2013-09-18">18 September 2013</time></h2>
<dl>
<dt>This version:</dt>
- <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-trig-20130409/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-trig-20130409/</a></dd>
+ <dd><a class="u-url" href="https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/rdf/raw-file/default/trig/index.html">https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/rdf/raw-file/default/trig/index.html</a></dd>
<dt>Latest published version:</dt>
<dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/trig/">http://www.w3.org/TR/trig/</a></dd>
@@ -217,19 +245,30 @@
<dd><a href="https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/rdf/raw-file/default/trig/index.html">https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/rdf/raw-file/default/trig/index.html</a></dd>
-
+ <dt>Test suite:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/rdf/file/default/trig/tests">https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/rdf/file/default/trig/tests</a></dd>
- <dt>Editor:</dt>
- <dd><span>Gavin Carothers</span>, <a href="https://lexmachina.com/">Lex Machina</a></dd>
+
+
+
+
+ <dt>Editors:</dt>
+ <dd class="p-author h-card vcard" rel="bibo:editor" inlist=""><span typeof="foaf:Person"><span property="foaf:name" class="p-name fn">Gavin Carothers</span>, <a rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage" class="p-org org h-org h-card" href="https://lexmachina.com/">Lex Machina</a></span>
+</dd>
+<dd class="p-author h-card vcard" rel="bibo:editor" inlist=""><span typeof="foaf:Person"><span property="foaf:name" class="p-name fn">Andy Seaborne</span>, <a rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage" class="p-org org h-org h-card" href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache Software Foundation</a></span>
+</dd>
<dt>Authors:</dt>
- <dd><span>Chris Bizer</span>, <a href="http://www.fu-berlin.de/">Freie Universität Berlin</a></dd>
-<dd><a href="http://richard.cyganiak.de">Richard Cyganiak</a>, <a href="http://www.fu-berlin.de/">Freie Universität Berlin</a></dd>
+ <dd class="p-author h-card vcard" rel="dcterms:contributor"><span typeof="foaf:Person"><span property="foaf:name" class="p-name fn">Chris Bizer</span>, <a rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage" class="p-org org h-org h-card" href="http://www.fu-berlin.de/">Freie Universität Berlin</a></span>
+</dd>
+<dd class="p-author h-card vcard" rel="dcterms:contributor"><span typeof="foaf:Person"><a class="u-url url p-name fn" rel="foaf:homepage" property="foaf:name" content="Richard Cyganiak" href="http://richard.cyganiak.de">Richard Cyganiak</a>, <a rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage" class="p-org org h-org h-card" href="http://www.fu-berlin.de/">Freie Universität Berlin</a></span>
+</dd>
+
</dl>
@@ -237,10 +276,10 @@
<p class="copyright">
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> ©
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> ©
2010-2013
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup>
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup>
(<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>,
<a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>,
<a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>, <a href="http://ev.buaa.edu.cn/">Beihang</a>), All Rights Reserved.
@@ -252,7 +291,7 @@
<hr>
</div>
- <section class="introductory" id="abstract"><h2>Abstract</h2>
+ <section id="abstract" class="introductory" property="dcterms:abstract" datatype="" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#abstract" rel="bibo:chapter"><h2 aria-level="1" role="heading" id="h2_abstract">Abstract</h2>
<p>The Resource Description Framework
(<abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr>) is a
general-purpose language for representing information in the Web.</p>
@@ -261,9 +300,9 @@
that allows an <abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> dataset to be completely written in a compact and
natural text form, with abbreviations for common usage patterns and
datatypes. TriG is an extension of the
- Turtle [<cite><a href="#bib-TURTLE-TR" class="bibref">TURTLE-TR</a></cite>] format.
+ <a href="http:http://www.w3.org/TR/turtle">Turtle</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-turtle">turtle</a></cite>] format.
</p>
- </section><section id="sotd" class="introductory"><h2>Status of This Document</h2>
+ </section><section id="sotd" class="introductory" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#sotd" rel="bibo:chapter"><h2 aria-level="1" role="heading" id="h2_sotd">Status of This Document</h2>
@@ -277,13 +316,14 @@
<p>TriG is intended the meet the charter requirement of the
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/rdf-wg/"><abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> Working Group</a> to
define an <abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> syntax for multiple graphs. TriG is an extension of the
-Turtle syntax for <abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> [[!TURTLE-TR]. The current document is based on
+<a href="http:http://www.w3.org/TR/turtle">Turtle</a>
+syntax for <abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-turtle">turtle</a></cite>]. The current document is based on
the original proposal by Chris Bizer and Richard Cyganiak.</p>
+
+<div style="border:1px solid red; padding: 1em; margin: 1em;"> The <abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> WG welcomes reports of implementations, sent to the comments address. If we gather sufficient evidence of interoperable implementations, the group may request to skip <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr#cfi">Call for Implementations (Candidate Recommendation)</a> drafts and have the next round of publications be <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr#cfr">Proposed Recommendations</a>. </div>
<p>
- This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/rdf-wg/"><abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> Working Group</a> as a First Public Working Draft.
-
- This document is intended to become a <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Recommendation.
+ This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/rdf-wg/"><abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> Working Group</a> as an Editor's Draft.
If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to
@@ -294,11 +334,11 @@
- All comments are welcome.
+ All comments are welcome.</p>
+
-
- </p><p>
- Publication as a First Public Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Membership.
+ <p>
+ Publication as an Editor's Draft does not imply endorsement by the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Membership.
This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at
any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.
</p>
@@ -307,7 +347,9 @@
<p>
This document was produced by a group operating under the
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent Policy</a>.
+
+ <a id="sotd_patent" about="" rel="w3p:patentRules" href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent Policy</a>.
+
@@ -326,106 +368,141 @@
-</section><section id="toc"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#sec-intro"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#sec-trig-intro"><span class="secno">2. </span>An Introduction to TriG</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#sec-graph-statements"><span class="secno">2.1 </span>Graph Statements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#other-terms"><span class="secno">2.2 </span>Other Terms</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#terms-blanks-nodes"><span class="secno">2.2.1 </span>Sal Considerations for Blank Nodes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#conformance"><span class="secno">3. </span>Conformance</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#sec-mime"><span class="secno">3.1 </span>Media Type and Content Encoding</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#sec-grammar"><span class="secno">4. </span>TriG Grammar</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#sec-grammar-ws"><span class="secno">4.1 </span>White Space</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#sec-grammar-comments"><span class="secno">4.2 </span>Comments</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#sec-iri-references"><span class="secno">4.3 </span>IRI References</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#sec-escapes"><span class="secno">4.4 </span>Escape Sequences</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#grammar-ebnf"><span class="secno">4.5 </span>Grammar</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#sec-parsing"><span class="secno">5. </span>Parsing</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#sec-differences"><span class="secno">A. </span>Differences from previous TriG</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#sec-mediaReg"><span class="secno">B. </span>Internet Media Type, File Extension and Macintosh File Type</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#references"><span class="secno">C. </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#normative-references"><span class="secno">C.1 </span>Normative references</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#informative-references"><span class="secno">C.2 </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></section>
+</section><section id="toc"><h2 class="introductory" aria-level="1" role="heading" id="h2_toc">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc" role="directory" id="respecContents"><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-intro" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-trig-intro" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>TriG Language</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-triple-statements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1 </span>Triple Statements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-graph-statements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2 </span>Graph Statements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#other-terms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Other Terms</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#terms-blanks-nodes" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.3.1 </span>Special Considerations for Blank Nodes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#conformance" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>Conformance</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-mime" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1 </span>Media Type and Content Encoding</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-grammar" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span>TriG Grammar</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-grammar-ws" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.1 </span>White Space</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-grammar-comments" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.2 </span>Comments</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-iri-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3 </span>IRI References</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-escapes" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.4 </span>Escape Sequences</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#grammar-ebnf" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.5 </span>Grammar</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-parsing" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5. </span>Parsing</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-parsing-state" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1 </span>Parser State</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-parsing-terms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2 </span><abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> Term Constructors</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-parsing-triples" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3 </span><abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> Triples Construction</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#output-graph" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.1 </span>Output Graph</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#triple-output" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.2 </span>Triple Output</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#triple-production" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.2.1 </span>Triple Production</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#propertyList" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.2.2 </span>Property Lists</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#collection" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.2.3 </span><span>Collections</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-differences" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4 </span>Differences from Previous TriG</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-mediaReg" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.5 </span>Media Type Registration</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A. </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A.1 </span>Normative references</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A.2 </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></section>
- <section id="sec-intro">
- <!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</h2>
+ <section id="sec-intro" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#sec-intro" rel="bibo:chapter">
+ <!--OddPage--><h2 aria-level="1" role="heading" id="h2_sec-intro"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</h2>
<p>This document defines TriG a concrete syntax for <abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> as defined in the
<abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> Concepts and Abstract Syntax
- ([<cite><a href="#bib-RDF11-CONCEPTS" class="bibref">RDF11-CONCEPTS</a></cite>]). TriG is an extension of
- Turtle ([<cite><a href="#bib-TURTLE-TR" class="bibref">TURTLE-TR</a></cite>]), extended
+ ([<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-rdf11-concepts">rdf11-concepts</a></cite>]). TriG is an extension of
+ <a href="http:http://www.w3.org/TR/turtle">Turtle</a> ([<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-turtle">turtle</a></cite>]), extended
to support representing a complete <abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> Dataset.
</p></section>
- <section id="sec-trig-intro" class="informative">
- <!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">2. </span>An Introduction to TriG</h2><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+ <section id="sec-trig-intro" class="informative" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#sec-trig-intro" rel="bibo:chapter">
+ <!--OddPage--><h2 aria-level="1" role="heading" id="h2_sec-trig-intro"><span class="secno">2. </span>TriG Language</h2><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
<p>A TriG document allows writing down an <abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> Dataset in a compact
- textual form. It consists of a sequence of directives, graph statements
- which contain triple-generating statements and optional blank lines.
+ textual form. It consists of a sequence of directives, triple statments, graph statements which contain triple-generating statements and optional blank lines.
Comments may be given after a <code>#</code> that is not part of another
lexical token and continue to the end of the line.</p>
<p>
- </p><p>Graph statements are a pair of an IRI and a group of triple statements
- surrounded by <code>{}</code>. The IRI of the graph statement may be
- used in another graph statement which implies merging the tripes generated
- by each graph statement, and may reoccur as part of any triple statement.
- Optionally one graph statement may not not be labeled with an IRI. Such a
+ </p><p>Graph statements are a pair of an IRI or blank node label and a group of triple statements
+ surrounded by <code>{}</code>. The IRI or blank node label of the graph statement may be used in another graph statement which implies taking the union of the tripes generated
+ by each graph statement. A IRI or blank node label used as a graph label may also reoccur as part of any triple statement.
+ Optionally a graph statement may not not be labeled with an IRI. Such a
graph statement corresponds to the Default Graph of an <abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> Dataset.</p>
<p>
The construction of an <abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> Dataset from a TriG document is defined in <a href="#sec-grammar" class="sectionRef">section 4. TriG Grammar</a> and <a href="#sec-parsing" class="sectionRef">section 5. Parsing</a>.
</p>
- <section id="sec-graph-statements">
- <h3><span class="secno">2.1 </span>Graph Statements</h3><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
-
- <p>A graph statement pairs an IRI with a <abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> Graph. The triple statements that make up the graph are enclosed in <code>{}</code>.</p>
+ <section id="sec-triple-statements" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#sec-triple-statements" rel="bibo:chapter">
+ <h3 aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h3_sec-triple-statements"><span class="secno">2.1 </span>Triple Statements</h3><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+ <p>As TriG is an extention of the Turtle language it allows for any constructs from the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/#language-features">Turtle language</a>. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/#simple-triples">Simple Triples</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/#predicate-lists">Predicate Lists</a>, and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/#object-lists">Object Lists</a> can all be used either inside a graph statement, or on their own as in a Turtle document. When outside a graph statement, the triples are considered to be part of the deafult graph of the <abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> Dataset.</p>
+ </section>
- <p>In a TriG document a graph IRI <em title="MAY" class="rfc2119">MAY</em> be used to label more then one graph. The IRI of a graph statement may be omitted. In this case the graph is considered the default graph of the <abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> Dataset.</p>
+ <section id="sec-graph-statements" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#sec-graph-statements" rel="bibo:chapter">
+ <h3 aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h3_sec-graph-statements"><span class="secno">2.2 </span>Graph Statements</h3>
+
+ <p>A graph statement pairs an IRI or blank node with a <abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> graph. The triple statements that make up the graph are enclosed in <code>{}</code>.</p>
- <p>A <abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> Dataset may contain only a single graph.</p>
- <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 1</span></div><pre class="example"><script type="application/trig"># This document encodes one graph.
-@prefix ex: <http://www.example.org/vocabulary#> .
-@prefix : <http://www.example.org/exampleDocument#> .
+ <p>In a TriG document a graph IRI or blank node <em class="rfc2119" title="MAY">MAY</em> be used to label more then one graph. The graph label of a graph statement may be omitted. In this case the graph is considered the default graph of the <abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> Dataset.</p>
+
+ <p>A <abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> Dataset might contain only a single graph.</p>
+ <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 1</span></div><pre class="example"><span># This document encodes one graph.
+@prefix ex: <http://www.example.org/vocabulary#> .
+@prefix : <http://www.example.org/exampleDocument#> .
:G1 { :Monica a ex:Person ;
ex:name "Monica Murphy" ;
- ex:homepage <http://www.monicamurphy.org> ;
- ex:email <mailto:monica@monicamurphy.org> ;
+ ex:homepage <http://www.monicamurphy.org> ;
+ ex:email <mailto:monica@monicamurphy.org> ;
ex:hasSkill ex:Management ,
ex:Programming . }
-</script></pre></div>
+</span></pre></div>
<p>A <abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> Dataset may contain a default graph, and named graphs.</p>
- <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 2</span></div><pre class="example"><script type="application/trig"># This document contains a default graph and two named graphs.
+ <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 2</span></div><pre class="example"><span># This document contains a default graph and two named graphs.
-@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
-@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/terms></http:> .
-@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1></http:> .
+@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
+@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
+@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
# default graph
{
- <http://example.org/bob> dc:publisher "Bob" .
- <http://example.org/alice> dc:publisher "Alice" .
+ <http://example.org/bob> dc:publisher "Bob" .
+ <http://example.org/alice> dc:publisher "Alice" .
}
-<http://example.org/bob>
+<http://example.org/bob>
{
_:a foaf:name "Bob" .
- _:a foaf:mbox <mailto:bob@oldcorp.example.org> .
+ _:a foaf:mbox <mailto:bob@oldcorp.example.org> .
+ _:a foaf:knows _:b .
}
-<http://example.org/alice>
+<http://example.org/alice>
{
- _:a foaf:name "Alice" .
- _:a foaf:mbox <mailto:alice@work.example.org> .
- } </script></pre></div>
- <div class="issue"><div class="issue-title"><span>Issue 1</span></div><p class="">
- A provenance example
- </p></div>
- <div class="issue"><div class="issue-title"><span>Issue 2</span></div><p class="">A verisions example</p></div>
- <div class="issue"><div class="issue-title"><span>Issue 3</span></div><p class="">A web snapshot example</p></div>
+ _:b foaf:name "Alice" .
+ _:b foaf:mbox <mailto:alice@work.example.org> .
+ } </span></pre></div>
+
+ <p>TriG provides various alternative ways to write graphs
+and triples, giving the data writer choices for clarity:
+ </p>
+
+ <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 3</span></div><pre class="example"><span># This document contains a same data as the
+previous example.
+
+@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
+@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
+@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+
+# default graph - no {} used.
+<http://example.org/bob> dc:publisher "Bob" .
+<http://example.org/alice> dc:publisher "Alice" .
+
+# GRAPH keyword to highlight a named graph
+# Abbreviation of triples using ;
+GRAPH <http://example.org/bob>
+{
+ [] foaf:name "Bob" ;
+ foaf:mbox <mailto:bob@oldcorp.example.org> ;
+ foaf:knows _:b .
+}
+
+GRAPH <http://example.org/alice>
+{
+ _:b foaf:name "Alice" ;
+ foaf:mbox <mailto:alice@work.example.org>
+}</span></pre></div>
+
+
</section>
- <section id="other-terms">
- <h3><span class="secno">2.2 </span>Other Terms</h3>
+
+ <section id="other-terms" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#other-terms" rel="bibo:chapter">
+ <h3 aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h3_other-terms"><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Other Terms</h3>
<p>All other terms and directives come from Turtle.</p>
- <section id="terms-blanks-nodes">
- <h4><span class="secno">2.2.1 </span>Sal Considerations for Blank Nodes</h4><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
- <p>BlankNodes sharing the same label in differently labeled graph statements <em title="MUST" class="rfc2119">MUST</em> be considered to be the same BlankNode.</p>
+ <section id="terms-blanks-nodes" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#terms-blanks-nodes" rel="bibo:chapter">
+ <h4 aria-level="3" role="heading" id="h4_terms-blanks-nodes"><span class="secno">2.3.1 </span>Special Considerations for Blank Nodes</h4><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+ <p>BlankNodes sharing the same label in differently labeled graph statements are considered to be the same BlankNode.</p>
</section>
</section>
</section>
- <section id="conformance"><!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">3. </span>Conformance</h2>
+
+
+
+ <section id="conformance" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#conformance" rel="bibo:chapter"><!--OddPage--><h2 aria-level="1" role="heading" id="h2_conformance"><span class="secno">3. </span>Conformance</h2>
<p>
As well as sections marked as non-normative, all authoring guidelines, diagrams, examples,
and notes in this specification are non-normative. Everything else in this specification is
normative.
</p>
<p>
- The key words <em title="MUST" class="rfc2119">MUST</em>, <em title="MUST NOT" class="rfc2119">MUST NOT</em>, <em title="REQUIRED" class="rfc2119">REQUIRED</em>, <em title="SHOULD" class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em>, <em title="SHOULD NOT" class="rfc2119">SHOULD NOT</em>, <em title="RECOMMENDED" class="rfc2119">RECOMMENDED</em>, <em title="MAY" class="rfc2119">MAY</em>,
- and <em title="OPTIONAL" class="rfc2119">OPTIONAL</em> in this specification are to be interpreted as described in [<cite><a href="#bib-RFC2119" class="bibref">RFC2119</a></cite>].
+ The key words <em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">MUST</em>, <em class="rfc2119" title="MUST NOT">MUST NOT</em>, <em class="rfc2119" title="REQUIRED">REQUIRED</em>, <em class="rfc2119" title="SHOULD">SHOULD</em>, <em class="rfc2119" title="SHOULD NOT">SHOULD NOT</em>, <em class="rfc2119" title="RECOMMENDED">RECOMMENDED</em>, <em class="rfc2119" title="MAY">MAY</em>,
+ and <em class="rfc2119" title="OPTIONAL">OPTIONAL</em> in this specification are to be interpreted as described in [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC2119">RFC2119</a></cite>].
</p>
<p>This specification defines conformance criteria for:</p>
@@ -439,9 +516,9 @@
<p>The IRI that identifies the TriG language is: <code>http://www.w3.org/ns/formats/TriG</code></p>
- <div class="note"><div class="note-title"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">This specification does not define how TriG parsers handle non-conforming input documents.</p></div>
- <section id="sec-mime">
- <h3><span class="secno">3.1 </span>Media Type and Content Encoding</h3>
+ <div class="note"><div class="note-title" aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h_note_1"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">This specification does not define how TriG parsers handle non-conforming input documents.</p></div>
+ <section id="sec-mime" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#sec-mime" rel="bibo:chapter">
+ <h3 aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h3_sec-mime"><span class="secno">3.1 </span>Media Type and Content Encoding</h3>
<p>The media type of TriG is <code>application/trig</code>.
The content encoding of TriG content is always UTF-8.
@@ -449,49 +526,49 @@
</section>
</section>
- <section id="sec-grammar">
- <!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">4. </span>TriG Grammar</h2>
- <p>A TriG document is a
- Unicode[<cite><a href="#bib-UNICODE" class="bibref">UNICODE</a></cite>]
- character string encoded in UTF-8.
- Unicode characters only in the range U+0000 to U+10FFFF inclusive are
- allowed.
+ <section id="sec-grammar" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#sec-grammar" rel="bibo:chapter">
+ <!--OddPage--><h2 aria-level="1" role="heading" id="h2_sec-grammar"><span class="secno">4. </span>TriG Grammar</h2>
+
+
+ <p>A TriG document is a Unicode[<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-UNICODE">UNICODE</a></cite>] character string
+ encoded in UTF-8.
+ Unicode characters only in the range U+0000 to U+10FFFF inclusive are
+ allowed.
</p>
- <section id="sec-grammar-ws">
- <h3><span class="secno">4.1 </span>White Space</h3>
+ <section id="sec-grammar-ws" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#sec-grammar-ws" rel="bibo:chapter">
+ <h3 aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h3_sec-grammar-ws"><span class="secno">4.1 </span>White Space</h3>
<p>White space (production <a href="#grammar-production-WS">WS</a>) is used to separate two terminals which would otherwise be (mis-)recognized as one terminal. Rule names below in capitals indicate where white space is significant; these form a possible choice of terminals for constructing a TriG parser.</p>
<p>White space is significant in the production <a href="#grammar-production-String">String</a>.</p>
</section>
- <section id="sec-grammar-comments">
- <h3><span class="secno">4.2 </span>Comments</h3>
+ <section id="sec-grammar-comments" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#sec-grammar-comments" rel="bibo:chapter">
+ <h3 aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h3_sec-grammar-comments"><span class="secno">4.2 </span>Comments</h3>
<p>Comments in TriG take the form of '#', outside an
- <a href="#grammar-production-IRIREF">IRIREF</a> or <a href="#grammar-production-String">String</a>,
+
+ <a href="#grammar-production-iri">IRI</a> or a <a href="#grammar-production-String">string</a>,
and continue to the end of line (marked by characters U+000D or U+000A)
or end of file if there is no end of line after the comment
marker. Comments are treated as white space.
-
</p>
</section>
- <section id="sec-iri-references">
- <h3><span class="secno">4.3 </span>IRI References</h3>
+ <section id="sec-iri-references" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#sec-iri-references" rel="bibo:chapter">
+ <h3 aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h3_sec-iri-references"><span class="secno">4.3 </span>IRI References</h3>
<p>
- Relative IRIs are resolved with base IRIs as per <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt" class="norm">Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax</a> [<cite><a href="#bib-RFC3986" class="bibref">RFC3986</a></cite>] using only the basic algorithm in section 5.2.
+ Relative IRIs are resolved with base IRIs as per <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt" class="norm">Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3986">RFC3986</a></cite>] using only the basic algorithm in section 5.2.
Neither Syntax-Based Normalization nor Scheme-Based Normalization (described in sections 6.2.2 and 6.2.3 of RFC3986) are performed.
- Characters additionally allowed in IRI references are treated in the same way that unreserved characters are treated in URI references, per section 6.5 of <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt" class="norm">Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs)</a> [<cite><a href="#bib-RFC3987" class="bibref">RFC3987</a></cite>].
+ Characters additionally allowed in IRI references are treated in the same way that unreserved characters are treated in URI references, per section 6.5 of <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt" class="norm">Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs)</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3987">RFC3987</a></cite>].
</p>
<p>
The <code>@base</code> directive defines the Base IRI used to resolve relative IRIs per RFC3986 section 5.1.1, "Base URI Embedded in Content".
Section 5.1.2, "Base URI from the Encapsulating Entity" defines how the In-Scope Base IRI may come from an encapsulating document, such as a SOAP envelope with an xml:base directive or a mime multipart document with a Content-Location header.
- The "Retrieval URI" identified in 5.1.3, Base "URI from the Retrieval URI", is the URL from which a particular Turtle document was retrieved.
+ The "Retrieval URI" identified in 5.1.3, Base "URI from the Retrieval URI", is the URL from which a particular TriG document was retrieved.
If none of the above specifies the Base URI, the default Base URI (section 5.1.4, "Default Base URI") is used.
Each <code>@base</code> directive sets a new In-Scope Base URI, relative to the previous one.
</p>
</section>
-
- <section id="sec-escapes">
- <h3><span class="secno">4.4 </span>Escape Sequences</h3>
+ <section id="sec-escapes" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#sec-escapes" rel="bibo:chapter">
+ <h3 aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h3_sec-escapes"><span class="secno">4.4 </span>Escape Sequences</h3>
<p>
There are three forms of escapes used in TriG documents:
@@ -582,12 +659,12 @@
</tr>
<tr>
- <td>'\"'</td>
+ <td>'\"'</td><!-- " -->
<td>U+0022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
- <td>'\''</td>
+ <td>'\''</td> <!-- ' -->
<td>U+0027</td>
</tr>
@@ -633,46 +710,200 @@
<td style="background-color: green; border:1px solid black;">yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
- <td class="r"><span style="font-weight:bold;">String</span>s</td>
+ <td class="r"><span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="#grammar-production-String">String</a></span>s</td>
<td style="background-color: green; border:1px solid black;">yes</td>
<td style="background-color: green; border:1px solid black;">yes</td>
<td>no</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
- <div class="note"><div class="note-title"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">%-encoded sequences are in the <a href="#grammar-production-IRIREF">character range for IRIs</a> and are <a href="#grammar-production-PERCENT">explicitly allowed</a> in local names. These appear as a '%' followed by two hex characters and represent that same sequence of three characters. These sequences are <em>not</em> decoded during processing. A term written as <code><http://a.example/%66oo-bar></code> in TriG designates the IRI <code>http://a.example/%66oo-bar</code> and not IRI <code>http://a.example/foo-bar</code>. A term written as <code>ex:%66oo-bar</code> with a prefix <code>@prefix ex: <http://a.example/></code> also designates the IRI <code>http://a.example/%66oo-bar</code>.</p></div>
-
+ <div class="note"><div class="note-title" aria-level="3" role="heading" id="h_note_2"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">%-encoded sequences are in the <a href="#grammar-production-IRIREF">character range for IRIs</a> and are <a href="#grammar-production-PERCENT">explicitly allowed</a> in local names. These appear as a '%' followed by two hex characters and represent that same sequence of three characters. These sequences are <em>not</em> decoded during processing. A term written as <code><http://a.example/%66oo-bar></code> in TriG designates the IRI <code>http://a.example/%66oo-bar</code> and not IRI <code>http://a.example/foo-bar</code>. A term written as <code>ex:%66oo-bar</code> with a prefix <code>@prefix ex: <http://a.example/></code> also designates the IRI <code>http://a.example/%66oo-bar</code>.</p></div>
+
</section>
- <section id="grammar-ebnf">
- <h3><span class="secno">4.5 </span>Grammar</h3>
+ <section id="grammar-ebnf" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#grammar-ebnf" rel="bibo:chapter">
+ <h3 aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h3_grammar-ebnf"><span class="secno">4.5 </span>Grammar</h3>
+
+ <p>The <abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> Working Group has included the following
+ features; these may be removed due to implementor feedback.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>Feedback, both positive and negative, is invited by
+ sending email to mailing list
+ <a href="mailto:public-rdf-comments@w3.org">public-rdf-comments@w3.org</a>
+ (<a href="mailto:public-rdf-comments-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>,
+ <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-rdf-comments/">archives</a>).</p>
+
+ <div class="atrisk"><p class="atrisktext">Feature At Risk</p>
+
+ <p><b><tt>GRAPH</tt> keyword</b></p>
+ <p>In this version of TriG, but not previous versions,
+ the keyword <tt>GRAPH</tt> may occur before graph
+ names, as specified in the grammar.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ This feature aligns with the syntax of
+ SPARQL, specifically SPARQL Update,
+ so sections of a TriG document can be cut-and-pasted into SPARQL
+ update requests, and people used to reading SPARQL can more
+ easily understand TriG documents.</p>
+ <p>
+ This keyword may cause a syntax error in older parsers, so its
+ use should be avoided until all likely TriG-consuming
+ systems have updated parsers. Once updated parsers are
+ widespread, the use of GRAPH keyword is suggested to
+ provide alignment with SPARQL.</p>
+
+ <p>
+ This feature is marked as being "at risk", which means the Working Group
+ seeks feedback from the community on whether to allow the
+ <tt>GRAPH</tt> keyword. The group may remove this feature without
+ publishing another Last Call Working Draft. Users with a strong
+ preference or with information which might influence the Working Group's
+ decision whether to keep this feature are encouraged to send feedback.</p>
+ <p>Previous publications of Turtle and TriG
+ already included <tt>PREFIX</tt> and <tt>BASE</tt> keywords.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="atrisk"><p class="atrisktext">Feature At Risk</p>
+ <p><b>Unenclosed Triples</b></p>
+ <p>In this version of TriG, but not previous versions,
+ triples in the default graph are allowed to
+ occur without requiring enclosing braces (
+ <tt>{</tt>...<tt>}</tt>).
+ outside of any curly braces. </p>
+ <p>
+ This
+ feature is provided in order to align the TriG syntax with the SPARQL
+ syntax, to allow for cut-and-paste and for easier TriG comprehension by
+ people working with SPARQL. It also makes TriG an extension of Turtle;
+ a TriG file using bare triples and no named graphs is also a Turtle file
+ (with the same semantics).
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Bare triples will not be understood by some older TriG parsers, so their
+ use should be avoided until all likely TriG-consuming systems have
+ updated parsers. Once updated parsers are widespread, the use of bare
+ triples is suggested to provide alignment with SPARQL.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ This feature is marked as being "at risk", which means the Working Group
+ seeks feedback from the community on whether to allow bare triple in
+ TriG. The group might remove this feature without publishing another
+ Last Call Working Draft. Users with a strong preference or with
+ information which might influence the Working Group's decision whether
+ to keep this feature are encouraged to send feedback.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+
+ <hr>
+
<p>The <abbr title="Extended Backus–Naur Form">EBNF</abbr> used here is defined in XML 1.0
- [<cite><a href="#bib-EBNF-NOTATION" class="bibref">EBNF-NOTATION</a></cite>]. Production labels consisting of a number and a final 'g' are unique to TriG. All Production labels consisting of only a number reference the production with that number in the Turtle grammar [<cite><a href="#bib-TURTLE-TR" class="bibref">TURTLE-TR</a></cite>]. Production labels consisting of a number and a final 's', e.g. [<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/#rRDFLiteral"><span class="prodNo">60s</span></a>], reference the production with that number in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/#sparqlGrammar">SPARQL Query Language for <abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> grammar</a> [<cite><a href="#bib-RDF-SPARQL-QUERY" class="bibref">RDF-SPARQL-QUERY</a></cite>].
+ [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-EBNF-NOTATION">EBNF-NOTATION</a></cite>]. Production labels consisting of a number and a final 'g' are unique to TriG. All Production labels consisting of only a number reference the production with that number in the
+<a href="http:http://www.w3.org/TR/turtle">Turtle</a> grammar
+[<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-turtle">turtle</a></cite>]. Production labels consisting of a number and a final 's', e.g. [<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/#rRDFLiteral"><span class="prodNo">60s</span></a>], reference the production with that number in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/#sparqlGrammar">SPARQL Query Language for <abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> grammar</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF-SPARQL-QUERY">RDF-SPARQL-QUERY</a></cite>].
</p>
- <div><table class="grammar">
+
+
+ <div>
+ <p>Notes:</p>
+ <ol>
+ <li>A blank node label represents the same blank node
+ throughout the TriG document.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ Keywords in single quotes (
+ '<code class="grammar-literal">@base</code>',
+ '<code class="grammar-literal">@prefix</code>',
+ '<code class="grammar-literal">a</code>',
+ '<code class="grammar-literal">true</code>',
+ '<code class="grammar-literal">false</code>') are
+ case-sensitive.
+ Keywords in double quotes (
+ "<code class="grammar-literal">BASE</code>",
+ "<code class="grammar-literal">PREFIX</code>"
+ "<code class="grammar-literal">GRAPH</code>"
+ ) are case-insensitive.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ Escape sequences markers <code>\u</code>, <code>\U</code>
+ and those in <code><a href="#grammar-production-ECHAR">ECHAR</a></code>
+ are case sensitive.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ When tokenizing the input and choosing grammar rules, the longest match is chosen.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ The TriG grammar is LL(1) and LALR(1) when the rules with uppercased names are used as terminals.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ The entry point into the grammar is <code>trigDoc</code>.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ In signed numbers, no white space is allowed between the sign and the number.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ The
+ <span style="font-size: smaller;">
+ <span>[162s]</span>
+ <span><code>ANON</code></span>
+ <span>::=</span>
+ <span>'<code class="grammar-literal">[</code>' <a href="#grammar-production-WS">WS</a><code class="grammar-star">*</code> '<code class="grammar-literal">]</code>'</span>
+ </span>
+ token allows any amount of white space and comments between <code class="grammar-literal">[]</code>s.
+ The single space version is used in the grammar for clarity.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ The strings '<a href="#grammar-production-prefixID"><code class="grammar-literal">@prefix</code></a>' and '<a href="#grammar-production-base"><code class="grammar-literal">@base</code></a>' match the pattern for <a href="#grammar-production-LANGTAG">LANGTAG</a>, though neither "<code class="grammar-literal">prefix</code>" nor "<code class="grammar-literal">base</code>" are <a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry">registered language
+subtags</a>.
+ This specification does not define whether a quoted literal followed by either of these tokens (e.g. <code>"Z"@base</code>) is in the TriG language.
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ </div>
+
+ <div><table class="grammar">
<tbody class="grammar-productions">
- <tr id="grammar-production-trigDoc" data-grammar-original="[1g] trigDoc ::= (graph_statement)*" data-grammar-expression="('*', ('id', 'graph_statement'))">
+ <tr id="grammar-production-trigDoc" data-grammar-original="[1g] trigDoc ::= ( directive | block )*" data-grammar-expression="('*', ('|', [('id', 'directive'), ('id', 'block')]))">
<td>[1g]</td>
<td><code>trigDoc</code></td>
<td>::=</td>
- <td><a href="#grammar-production-graph_statement">graph_statement</a><code class="grammar-star">*</code></td>
-</tr>
- <tr id="grammar-production-graph_statement" data-grammar-original="[2g] graph_statement ::= directive| graph" data-grammar-expression="('|', [('id', 'directive'), ('id', 'graph')])">
- <td>[2g]</td>
- <td><code>graph_statement</code></td>
- <td>::=</td>
- <td><a href="#grammar-production-directive">directive</a> <code>| </code> <a href="#grammar-production-graph">graph</a></td>
+ <td>(<a href="#grammar-production-directive">directive</a> <code>| </code> <a href="#grammar-production-block">block</a>)<code class="grammar-star">*</code></td>
</tr>
- <tr id="grammar-production-graph" data-grammar-original="[3g] graph ::= graphIri? "{" (triples ".")* "}"" data-grammar-expression="(',', [('?', ('id', 'graphIri')), ("'", '{'), ('*', (',', [('id', 'triples'), ("'", '.')])), ("'", '}')])">
- <td>[3g]</td>
- <td><code>graph</code></td>
+ <tr id="grammar-production-block" data-grammar-original="[2g] block ::= triplesOrGraph| wrappedGraph| triples2| "GRAPH" labelOrSubject wrappedGraph" data-grammar-expression="('|', [('id', 'triplesOrGraph'), ('id', 'wrappedGraph'), ('id', 'triples2'), (',', [("'", 'GRAPH'), ('id', 'labelOrSubject'), ('id', 'wrappedGraph')])])">
+ <td>[2g]</td>
+ <td><code>block</code></td>
<td>::=</td>
- <td><a href="#grammar-production-graphIri">graphIri</a>? '<code class="grammar-literal">{</code>' (<a href="#grammar-production-triples">triples</a> '<code class="grammar-literal">.</code>')<code class="grammar-star">*</code> '<code class="grammar-literal">}</code>'</td>
+ <td><a href="#grammar-production-triplesOrGraph">triplesOrGraph</a> <code>| </code> <a href="#grammar-production-wrappedGraph">wrappedGraph</a> <code>| </code> <a href="#grammar-production-triples2">triples2</a> <code>| </code> "<code class="grammar-literal">GRAPH</code>" <a href="#grammar-production-labelOrSubject">labelOrSubject</a> <a href="#grammar-production-wrappedGraph">wrappedGraph</a></td>
</tr>
- <tr id="grammar-production-graphIri" data-grammar-original="[4g] graphIri ::= iri" data-grammar-expression="('id', 'iri')">
+ <tr id="grammar-production-triplesOrGraph" data-grammar-original="[3g] triplesOrGraph ::=labelOrSubject ( wrappedGraph | predicateObjectList '.' )" data-grammar-expression="(',', [('id', 'labelOrSubject'), ('|', [('id', 'wrappedGraph'), (',', [('id', 'predicateObjectList'), ("'", '.')])])])">
+ <td>[3g]</td>
+ <td><code>triplesOrGraph</code></td>
+ <td>::=</td>
+ <td><a href="#grammar-production-labelOrSubject">labelOrSubject</a> (<a href="#grammar-production-wrappedGraph">wrappedGraph</a> <code>| </code> <a href="#grammar-production-predicateObjectList">predicateObjectList</a> '<code class="grammar-literal">.</code>')</td>
+</tr>
+ <tr id="grammar-production-triples2" data-grammar-original="[4g] triples2 ::=( blankNodePropertyList | collection ) predicateObjectList? '.'" data-grammar-expression="(',', [('|', [('id', 'blankNodePropertyList'), ('id', 'collection')]), ('?', ('id', 'predicateObjectList')), ("'", '.')])">
<td>[4g]</td>
- <td><code>graphIri</code></td>
+ <td><code>triples2</code></td>
<td>::=</td>
- <td><a href="#grammar-production-iri">iri</a></td>
+ <td>(<a href="#grammar-production-blankNodePropertyList">blankNodePropertyList</a> <code>| </code> <a href="#grammar-production-collection">collection</a>) <a href="#grammar-production-predicateObjectList">predicateObjectList</a>? '<code class="grammar-literal">.</code>'</td>
+</tr>
+ <tr id="grammar-production-wrappedGraph" data-grammar-original="[5g] wrappedGraph ::='{' triplesBlock? '}'" data-grammar-expression="(',', [("'", '{'), ('?', ('id', 'triplesBlock')), ("'", '}')])">
+ <td>[5g]</td>
+ <td><code>wrappedGraph</code></td>
+ <td>::=</td>
+ <td>'<code class="grammar-literal">{</code>' <a href="#grammar-production-triplesBlock">triplesBlock</a>? '<code class="grammar-literal">}</code>'</td>
+</tr>
+ <tr id="grammar-production-triplesBlock" data-grammar-original="[6g] triplesBlock ::= triples ( '.' triplesBlock? )?" data-grammar-expression="(',', [('id', 'triples'), ('?', (',', [("'", '.'), ('?', ('id', 'triplesBlock'))]))])">
+ <td>[6g]</td>
+ <td><code>triplesBlock</code></td>
+ <td>::=</td>
+ <td><a href="#grammar-production-triples">triples</a> ('<code class="grammar-literal">.</code>' <a href="#grammar-production-triplesBlock">triplesBlock</a>?)?</td>
+</tr>
+ <tr id="grammar-production-labelOrSubject" data-grammar-original="[7g] labelOrSubject ::=( iri | BlankNode )" data-grammar-expression="('|', [('id', 'iri'), ('id', 'BlankNode')])">
+ <td>[7g]</td>
+ <td><code>labelOrSubject</code></td>
+ <td>::=</td>
+ <td><a href="#grammar-production-iri">iri</a> <code>| </code> <a href="#grammar-production-BlankNode">BlankNode</a></td>
</tr>
<tr id="grammar-production-directive" data-grammar-original="[3] directive ::= prefixID| base | sparqlPrefix | sparqlBase" data-grammar-expression="('|', [('id', 'prefixID'), ('id', 'base'), ('id', 'sparqlPrefix'), ('id', 'sparqlBase')])">
<td>[3]</td>
@@ -692,17 +923,17 @@
<td>::=</td>
<td>'<code class="grammar-literal">@base</code>' <a href="#grammar-production-IRIREF">IRIREF</a> '<code class="grammar-literal">.</code>'</td>
</tr>
- <tr id="grammar-production-sparqlPrefix" data-grammar-original="[28*] sparqlPrefix ::= [Pp][Rr][Ee][Ff][Ii][Xx] PNAME_NS IRIREF" data-grammar-expression="(',', [('[', 'Pp'), ('[', 'Rr'), ('[', 'Ee'), ('[', 'Ff'), ('[', 'Ii'), ('[', 'Xx'), ('id', 'PNAME_NS'), ('id', 'IRIREF')])">
- <td>[28*]</td>
+ <tr id="grammar-production-sparqlPrefix" data-grammar-original="[5s] sparqlPrefix ::= &quotPREFIX" PNAME_NS IRIREF" data-grammar-expression="(',', [("'", 'PREFIX'), ('id', 'PNAME_NS'), ('id', 'IRIREF')])">
+ <td>[5s]</td>
<td><code>sparqlPrefix</code></td>
<td>::=</td>
- <td>[<code class="grammar-chars">Pp</code>] [<code class="grammar-chars">Rr</code>] [<code class="grammar-chars">Ee</code>] [<code class="grammar-chars">Ff</code>] [<code class="grammar-chars">Ii</code>] [<code class="grammar-chars">Xx</code>] <a href="#grammar-production-PNAME_NS">PNAME_NS</a> <a href="#grammar-production-IRIREF">IRIREF</a></td>
+ <td>"<code class="grammar-literal">PREFIX</code>" <a href="#grammar-production-PNAME_NS">PNAME_NS</a> <a href="#grammar-production-IRIREF">IRIREF</a></td>
</tr>
- <tr id="grammar-production-sparqlBase" data-grammar-original="[29*] sparqlBase ::= [Bb][Aa][Ss][Ee] IRIREF" data-grammar-expression="(',', [('[', 'Bb'), ('[', 'Aa'), ('[', 'Ss'), ('[', 'Ee'), ('id', 'IRIREF')])">
- <td>[29*]</td>
+ <tr id="grammar-production-sparqlBase" data-grammar-original="[6s] sparqlBase ::= "BASE" IRIREF" data-grammar-expression="(',', [("'", 'BASE'), ('id', 'IRIREF')])">
+ <td>[6s]</td>
<td><code>sparqlBase</code></td>
<td>::=</td>
- <td>[<code class="grammar-chars">Bb</code>] [<code class="grammar-chars">Aa</code>] [<code class="grammar-chars">Ss</code>] [<code class="grammar-chars">Ee</code>] <a href="#grammar-production-IRIREF">IRIREF</a></td>
+ <td>"<code class="grammar-literal">BASE</code>" <a href="#grammar-production-IRIREF">IRIREF</a></td>
</tr>
<tr id="grammar-production-triples" data-grammar-original="[6] triples ::= subject predicateObjectList |blankNodePropertyList predicateObjectList?" data-grammar-expression="('|', [(',', [('id', 'subject'), ('id', 'predicateObjectList')]), (',', [('id', 'blankNodePropertyList'), ('?', ('id', 'predicateObjectList'))])])">
<td>[6]</td>
@@ -813,7 +1044,7 @@
<td><a href="#grammar-production-BLANK_NODE_LABEL">BLANK_NODE_LABEL</a> <code>| </code> <a href="#grammar-production-ANON">ANON</a></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"><h3 id="terminals">Productions for terminals</h3></td></tr>
- <tr id="grammar-production-IRIREF" data-grammar-original="[19] IRIREF ::= '<' ([^#x00-#x20<>"{}|^`\] | UCHAR)* '>'" data-grammar-expression="(',', [("'", '<'), ('*', ('|', [('[', '^#x00-#x20<>"{}|^`\\'), ('id', 'UCHAR')])), ("'", '>')])" class="grammar-token">
+ <tr id="grammar-production-IRIREF" data-grammar-original="[19] IRIREF ::= '<' ([^#x00-#x20<>"{}|^`\] | UCHAR)* '>'" data-grammar-expression="(',', [("'", '<'), ('*', ('|', [('[', '^#x00-#x20<>"{}|^`\\'), ('id', 'UCHAR')])), ("'", '>')])" class="grammar-token">
<td>[19]</td>
<td><code>IRIREF</code></td>
<td>::=</td>
@@ -981,22 +1212,191 @@
</section>
</section>
- <section id="sec-parsing">
- <!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">5. </span>Parsing</h2>
- <div class="issue"><div class="issue-title"><span>Issue 4</span></div><p class="">
- Define a method of parsing that treats each graph statement as a Turtle document. Merge any graph statements that have the same label, or if they don't have a label merge to form the default graph.
- </p></div>
- </section>
- <section id="sec-differences" class="appendix informative">
- <!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">A. </span>Differences from previous TriG</h2><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
- <ul>
- <li>No support for optional = graph naming operator or optional "." after each graph. N3 compatibility not supported.</li>
- <li>Graph labels do not have to be unique within a TriG document. Reused labels are merged.</li>
- <li>Multiple unnamed graphs in the same TriG document are merged</li>
- </ul>
+ <section id="sec-parsing" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#sec-parsing" rel="bibo:chapter">
+ <!--OddPage--><h2 aria-level="1" role="heading" id="h2_sec-parsing"><span class="secno">5. </span>Parsing</h2>
+ <p>The <a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html"><abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> Concepts and Abstract Syntax</a> ([<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">RDF-CONCEPTS</a></cite>]) specification defines three types of <em><abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> Term</em>:
+
+ <a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-iri">IRIs</a>,
+ <a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-literal">literals</a> and
+ <a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-blank-node">blank nodes</a>.
+ Literals are composed of a <a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-lexical-form">lexical form</a> and an optional <a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-language-tag">language tag</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-BCP47">BCP47</a></cite>] or datatype IRI.
+ An extra type, <code id="prefix" class="dfn">prefix</code>, is used during parsing to map string identifiers to namespace IRIs.
+
+ This section maps a string conforming to the grammar in <a href="#grammar-ebnf" class="sectionRef sec-ref">section 4.5 Grammar</a> to a set of triples by mapping strings matching productions and lexical tokens to <abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> terms or their components (e.g. language tags, lexical forms of literals). Grammar productions change the parser state and emit triples.</p>
+ <section id="sec-parsing-state" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#sec-parsing-state" rel="bibo:chapter">
+ <h3 aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h3_sec-parsing-state"><span class="secno">5.1 </span>Parser State</h3>
+ <p>Parsing TriG requires a state of six items:</p>
+
+ <ul>
+ <li id="baseURI">IRI <code class="dfn">baseURI</code> — When the <a href="#grammar-production-base">base production</a> is reached, the second rule argument, <code>IRIREF</code>, is the base URI used for relative IRI resolution <span class="testrefs">(test: <a href="https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/rdf/file/default/trig/tests/#base1">base1</a> <a href="https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/rdf/file/default/trig/tests/#base2">base2</a>)</span>.</li>
+
+ <li id="namespaces">Map[<a class="type prefix" href="#prefix">prefix</a> -> IRI] <code class="dfn">namespaces</code> — The second and third rule arguments (<code>PNAME_NS</code> and <code>IRIREF</code>) in the <a href="#grammar-production-prefixID">prefixID production</a> assign a namespace name (<code>IRIREF</code>) for the prefix (<code>PNAME_NS</code>). Outside of a <code>prefixID</code> production, any <code>PNAME_NS</code> is substituted with the namespace <span class="testrefs">(test: <a href="https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/rdf/file/default/trig/tests/#prefix1">prefix1</a> <!-- a href="https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/rdf/file/default/trig/tests/#escapedPrefix1">escapedPrefix1</a --> <a href="https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/rdf/file/default/trig/tests/#escapedNamespace1">escapedNamespace1</a>)</span>. Note that the prefix may be an empty string, per the <code>PNAME_NS,</code> production: <code>(PN_PREFIX)? ":"</code> <span class="testrefs">(test: <a href="https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/rdf/file/default/trig/tests/#default1">default1</a>)</span>.</li>
+
+ <li id="bnodeLabels">Map[<a class="type string">string</a> -> <a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-blank-node">blank node</a>] <code class="dfn">bnodeLabels</code> — A mapping from string to blank node.</li>
+ <li id="curSubject">RDF_Term <code class="dfn">curSubject</code> — The <code class="curSubject">curSubject</code> is bound to the <code><a href="#grammar-production-subject">subject</a></code> production.</li>
+
+ <li id="curPredicate">RDF_Term <code class="dfn">curPredicate</code> — The <code class="curPredicate">curPredicate</code> is bound to the <code><a href="#grammar-production-verb">verb</a></code> production. If token matched was "<code>a</code>", <code class="curPredicate">curPredicate</code> is bound to the IRI <code>http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type</code> <span class="testrefs">(test: <a href="https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/rdf/file/default/trig/tests/#type">type</a>)</span>.</li>
+
+ <li id="curGraph">RDF_Term <code class="dfn">curGraph</code> —
+ The <code class="curGraph">curGraph</code> is bound to
+ the label of the graph that is the destination of triples
+ produced in parsing. When undefined, triples are destined
+ for the default graph.
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </section>
+ <section id="sec-parsing-terms" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#sec-parsing-terms" rel="bibo:chapter">
+ <h3 aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h3_sec-parsing-terms"><span class="secno">5.2 </span><abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> Term Constructors</h3>
+
+ <p>This table maps productions and lexical tokens to <code><abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> terms</code> or components of <code><abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> terms</code> listed in <a href="#sec-parsing" class="sectionRef sec-ref">section 5. Parsing</a>:</p>
+
+ <table class="separated">
+ <thead>
+ <tr> <th> production </th><th> type </th><th>procedure</th></tr>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <tr id="handle-IRIREF"><td style="text-align:left;"><a class="type IRI" href="#grammar-production-IRIREF">IRIREF </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-iri"> IRI </a></td><td>The characters between "<" and ">" are taken, with the <a href="#numeric">numeric escape sequences</a> unescaped, to form the unicode string of the IRI. Relative IRI resolution is performed per <a href="#sec-iri-references" class="sectionRef">section 4.3 IRI References</a>.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-PNAME_NS"><td style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2"><a class="type string" href="#grammar-production-PNAME_NS">PNAME_NS </a></td><td><a href="#prefix"> prefix </a></td><td>When used in a <a href="#grammar-production-prefixID">prefixID</a> or <a href="#grammar-production-sparqlPrefix">sparqlPrefix</a> production, the <code>prefix</code> is the potentially empty unicode string matching the first argument of the rule is a key into the <a href="#namespaces">namespaces map</a>.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-PNAME_NS"> <td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-iri"> IRI </a></td><td>When used in a <a href="#grammar-production-PrefixedName">PrefixedName</a> production, the <code>iri</code> is the value in the <a href="#namespaces">namespaces map</a> corresponding to the first argument of the rule.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-PNAME_LN"><td style="text-align:left;"><a class="type IRI" href="#grammar-production-PNAME_LN">PNAME_LN </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-iri"> IRI </a></td><td>A potentially empty <a href="#prefix">prefix</a> is identified by the first sequence, <code>PNAME_NS</code>. The <a href="#namespaces">namespaces map</a> <em class="rfc2119"><em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">MUST</em></em> have a corresponding <code>namespace</code>. The unicode string of the IRI is formed by unescaping the <a href="#reserved">reserved characters</a> in the second argument, <code>PN_LOCAL</code>, and concatenating this onto the <code>namespace</code>.</td></tr>
+ <!-- tr id="handle-PrefixedName"><td style="text-align:left;"><a class="type IRI" href="#grammar-production-PrefixedName" >PrefixedName </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-iri"> IRI </a></td><td>.</td></tr -->
+ <tr id="handle-STRING_LITERAL_SINGLE_QUOTE"><td style="text-align:left;"><a class="type lexicalForm" href="#grammar-production-STRING_LITERAL_SINGLE_QUOTE">STRING_LITERAL_SINGLE_QUOTE </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-lexical-form"> lexical form</a></td><td>The characters between the outermost "'"s are taken, with <a href="#numeric">numeric</a> and <a href="#string">string</a> escape sequences unescaped, to form the unicode string of a lexical form.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-STRING_LITERAL_QUOTE"><td style="text-align:left;"><a class="type lexicalForm" href="#grammar-production-STRING_LITERAL_QUOTE">STRING_LITERAL_QUOTE </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-lexical-form"> lexical form</a></td><td>The characters between the outermost '"'s are taken, with <a href="#numeric">numeric</a> and <a href="#string">string</a> escape sequences unescaped, to form the unicode string of a lexical form.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-STRING_LITERAL_LONG_SINGLE_QUOTE"><td style="text-align:left;"><a class="type lexicalForm" href="#grammar-production-STRING_LITERAL_LONG_SINGLE_QUOTE">STRING_LITERAL_LONG_SINGLE_QUOTE </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-lexical-form"> lexical form</a></td><td>The characters between the outermost "'''"s are taken, with <a href="#numeric">numeric</a> and <a href="#string">string</a> escape sequences unescaped, to form the unicode string of a lexical form.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-STRING_LITERAL_LONG_QUOTE"><td style="text-align:left;"><a class="type lexicalForm" href="#grammar-production-STRING_LITERAL_LONG_QUOTE">STRING_LITERAL_LONG_QUOTE </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-lexical-form"> lexical form</a></td><td>The characters between the outermost '"""'s are taken, with <a href="#numeric">numeric</a> and <a href="#string">string</a> escape sequences unescaped, to form the unicode string of a lexical form.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-LANGTAG"><td style="text-align:left;"><a class="type langTag" href="#grammar-production-LANGTAG">LANGTAG </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-language-tag">language tag</a></td><td>The characters following the <code>@</code> form the unicode string of the language tag.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-RDFLiteral"><td style="text-align:left;"><a class="type literal" href="#grammar-production-RDFLiteral">RDFLiteral </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-literal"> literal </a></td><td>The literal has a lexical form of the first rule argument, <code>String</code>, and either a language tag of <code>LANGTAG</code> or a datatype IRI of <code>iri</code>, depending on which rule matched the input. if neither a language tag nor a datatype IRI is provided, the literal has a datatype of <code>xsd:string</code>.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-INTEGER"><td style="text-align:left;"><a class="type integer" href="#grammar-production-INTEGER">INTEGER </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-literal"> literal </a></td><td>The literal has a lexical form of the input string, and a datatype of <code>xsd:integer</code>.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-DECIMAL"><td style="text-align:left;"><a class="type decimal" href="#grammar-production-DECIMAL">DECIMAL </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-literal"> literal </a></td><td>The literal has a lexical form of the input string, and a datatype of <code>xsd:decimal</code>.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-DOUBLE"><td style="text-align:left;"><a class="type double" href="#grammar-production-DOUBLE">DOUBLE </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-literal"> literal </a></td><td>The literal has a lexical form of the input string, and a datatype of <code>xsd:double</code>.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-BooleanLiteral"><td style="text-align:left;"><a class="type boolean" href="#grammar-production-BooleanLiteral">BooleanLiteral </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-literal"> literal </a></td><td>The literal has a lexical form of the <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>, depending on which matched the input, and a datatype of <code>xsd:boolean</code>.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-BLANK_NODE_LABEL"><td style="text-align:left;"><a class="type bNode" href="#grammar-production-BLANK_NODE_LABEL">BLANK_NODE_LABEL </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-blank-node"> blank node </a></td><td>The string matching the second argument, <code>PN_LOCAL</code>, is a key in <a href="#bnodeLabels">bnodeLabels</a>. If there is no corresponding blank node in the map, one is allocated.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-ANON"><td style="text-align:left;"><a class="type bNode" href="#grammar-production-ANON">ANON </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-blank-node"> blank node </a></td><td>A blank node is generated.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-blankNodePropertyList"><td style="text-align:left;"><a class="type bNode" href="#grammar-production-blankNodePropertyList">blankNodePropertyList</a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-blank-node"> blank node </a></td><td>A blank node is generated. Note the rules for <code>blankNodePropertyList</code> in the next section.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-collection"><td style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2"><a class="type bNode" href="#grammar-production-collection">collection </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-blank-node"> blank node </a></td><td>For non-empty lists, a blank node is generated. Note the rules for <code>collection</code> in the next section.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-collection"> <td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-iri"> IRI </a></td><td>For empty lists, the resulting IRI is <code>rdf:nil</code>. Note the rules for <code>collection</code> in the next section.</td></tr>
+ </tbody>
+ </table>
+
+ </section>
+ <section id="sec-parsing-triples" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#sec-parsing-triples" rel="bibo:chapter">
+ <h3 aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h3_sec-parsing-triples"><span class="secno">5.3 </span><abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> Triples Construction</h3>
+ <p>
+ A TriG document defines an <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#section-dataset"><abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> Dataset</a> composed of one default graph and zero or
+ more named graphs. Each graph is composed of a set of
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-triple"><abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> triple</a>s.
+ </p>
+
+ <section id="output-graph" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#output-graph" rel="bibo:chapter">
+ <h4 aria-level="3" role="heading" id="h4_output-graph"><span class="secno">5.3.1 </span>Output Graph</h4>
+ <p>The state <code class="curGraph">curGraph</code> is
+ initially unset. It records the label of the graph for
+ triples produced during parsing. If undefined, the default
+ graph is used.</p>
+
+ <p>The rule
+ <tt><a href="#grammar-production-labelOrSubject">labelOrSubject</a></tt>
+ sets both <code class="curGraph">curGraph</code>
+ and <code class="curSubject">curSubject</code>
+ (only one of these will be used).
+ </p>
+
+ <p>The following grammar production clauses set
+ <code class="curGraph">curGraph</code> to be undefined, indicating the default
+ graph:
+ </p>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ The grammar production clause <tt>wrappedGraph</tt> in rule <tt><a href="#grammar-production-block">block</a></tt>.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ The grammar production in rule
+ <tt><a href="#grammar-production-triples2">triples2</a></tt>.
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <p>
+ The grammar production
+ <tt>labelOrSubject predicateObjectList '.'</tt>
+ unsets
+ <code class="curGraph">curGraph</code>
+ before handling <tt>predicateObjectLists</tt>
+ in rule <tt><a href="#grammar-production-triplesOrGraph">triplesOrGraph</a></tt>.
+
+
+ </p></section>
+ <section id="triple-output">
+ <h4 aria-level="3" role="heading" id="h4_triple-output"><span class="secno">5.3.2 </span>Triple Output</h4>
+ <p>
+ Each <abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> triple produced is added to <code class="curGraph">curGraph</code>,
+ or the default graph if <code class="curGraph">curGraph</code>
+ is not set at that
+ point in the parsing process.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The <code><a href="#grammar-production-subject">subject</a></code>
+ production sets the <code class="curSubject">curSubject</code>.
+ The <code><a href="#grammar-production-verb">verb</a></code>
+ production sets the <code class="curPredicate">curPredicate</code>.
+ </p>
+ <p>Triples are produced at the following points in the
+ parsing process and each <abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> triple produced is
+ added to the graph identified
+ by <code class="curGraph">curGraph</code>.
+ </p>
+ <section id="triple-production">
+ <h5 style="padding-bottom:0; margin-bottom:0;" aria-level="4" role="heading" id="h5_triple-production"><span class="secno">5.3.2.1 </span>Triple Production</h5>
+ <p style="padding-top:0; margin-top:0;">
+ Each <a class="grammarRef" href="#grammar-production-object">object</a>
+ <code>N</code> in the document produces an <abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> triple:
+ <span class="ntriple"><code class="curSubject">curSubject</code>
+ <code class="curPredicate">curPredicate</code> <code>N</code>.</span>
+ </p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="propertyList" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#propertyList" rel="bibo:chapter">
+ <h5 style="padding-bottom:0; margin-bottom:0;" aria-level="4" role="heading" id="h5_propertyList"><span class="secno">5.3.2.2 </span>Property Lists</h5>
+ <p style="padding-top:0; margin-top:0;">
+ Beginning the <code><a href="#grammar-production-blankNodePropertyList">blankNodePropertyList</a></code> production records the <code class="curSubject">curSubject</code> and <code class="curPredicate">curPredicate</code>, and sets <code class="curSubject">curSubject</code> to a novel <code>blank node</code> <code>B</code>.
+ Finishing the <code><a href="#grammar-production-blankNodePropertyList">blankNodePropertyList</a></code> production restores <code class="curSubject">curSubject</code> and <code class="curPredicate">curPredicate</code>.
+ The node produced by matching <code><a href="#grammar-production-blankNodePropertyList">blankNodePropertyList</a></code> is the blank node <code>B</code>.
+ </p>
+ </section>
+ <section id="collection" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#collection" rel="bibo:chapter">
+ <h5 style="padding-bottom:0; margin-bottom:0;" aria-level="4" role="heading" id="h5_collection"><span class="secno">5.3.2.3 </span><span>Collections</span></h5>
+ <p style="padding-top:0; margin-top:0;">
+ Beginning the <code><a href="#grammar-production-collection">collection</a></code> production records the <code class="curSubject">curSubject</code> and <code class="curPredicate">curPredicate</code>.
+ Each <code>object</code> in the <code><a href="#grammar-production-collection">collection</a></code> production has a <code class="curSubject">curSubject</code> set to a novel <code>blank node</code> <code>B</code> and a <code class="curPredicate">curPredicate</code> set to <code>rdf:first</code>.
+ For each object <code>object<sub>n</sub></code> after the first produces a triple:<span class="ntriple"><code>object<sub>n-1</sub></code> <code>rdf:rest</code> <code>object<sub>n</sub></code> .</span>
+ Finishing the <code><a href="#grammar-production-collection">collection</a></code> production creates an additional triple <span class="ntriple"><code>curSubject rdf:rest rdf:nil</code> .</span> and restores <code class="curSubject">curSubject</code> and <code class="curPredicate">curPredicate</code>
+ The node produced by matching <code><a href="#grammar-production-collection">collection</a></code> is the first blank node <code>B</code> for non-empty lists and <code>rdf:nil</code> for empty lists.
+ </p>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ <section id="sec-differences" class="appendix informative" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#sec-differences" rel="bibo:chapter">
+ <h3 aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h3_sec-differences"><span class="secno">5.4 </span>Differences from Previous TriG</h3><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+ <p>This section describes the main differences between TriG, as
+defined in this document, and earlier forms.
+ </p><ul>
+ <li>Syntax is aligned to the
+ <a href="http:http://www.w3.org/TR/turtle">Turtle</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-turtle">turtle</a></cite>] recommendation
+ for <abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> terms.</li>
+ <li>Graph labels can be blank nodes.</li>
+ <li>The default graph, or sections of the default graph, do not
+ need to be enclosed in <code>{</code> ... <code>}</code>.</li>
+ <li>No support for optional <code>=</code> graph naming operator
+ or optional "." after each graph.</li>
+ <li>Graph labels do not have to be unique within a TriG
+ document. Reusing a graph label causes all the triples
+ for that graph to be included in the resulting graph.
+ Sections with the same label are combined by set union.</li>
+ <li>Keywords <code>BASE</code>,
+ <code>PREFIX</code> (see also [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-turtle">turtle</a></cite>]) and
+ <code>GRAPH</code> are introduced.
+ </li></ul>
</section>
- <section id="sec-mediaReg" class="appendix">
- <!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">B. </span>Internet Media Type, File Extension and Macintosh File Type</h2>
+ <section id="sec-mediaReg" class="appendix" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#sec-mediaReg" rel="bibo:chapter">
+ <h3 aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h3_sec-mediaReg"><span class="secno">5.5 </span>Media Type Registration</h3>
<dl>
<dt>Contact:</dt>
<dd>Eric Prud'hommeaux</dd>
@@ -1009,7 +1409,7 @@
<p>It is recommended that TriG files have the extension ".trig" (all lowercase) on all platforms.</p>
<p>It is recommended that TriG files stored on Macintosh HFS file systems be given a file type of "TEXT".</p>
- <p>This information that follows has been <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-archive/2007Dec/0065.html">submitted to the IESG</a> for review, approval, and registration with IANA.</p>
+ <p>This information that follows will be submitted to the IESG for review, approval, and registration with IANA.</p>
<dl>
<dt>Type name:</dt>
<dd>application</dd>
@@ -1022,16 +1422,16 @@
<dd>None</dd>
<dt>Encoding considerations:</dt>
- <dd>The syntax of TriG is expressed over code points in Unicode [<cite><a href="#bib-UNICODE" class="bibref">UNICODE</a></cite>]. The encoding is always UTF-8 [<cite><a href="#bib-UTF-8" class="bibref">UTF-8</a></cite>].</dd>
+ <dd>The syntax of TriG is expressed over code points in Unicode [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-UNICODE">UNICODE</a></cite>]. The encoding is always UTF-8 [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-UTF-8">UTF-8</a></cite>].</dd>
<dd>Unicode code points may also be expressed using an \uXXXX (U+0000 to U+FFFF) or \UXXXXXXXX syntax (for U+10000 onwards) where X is a hexadecimal digit [0-9A-Fa-f]</dd>
<dt>Security considerations:</dt>
- <dd>TriG is a general-purpose assertion language; applications may evaluate given data to infer more assertions or to dereference IRIs, invoking the security considerations of the scheme for that IRI. Note in particular, the privacy issues in [<cite><a href="#bib-RFC3023" class="bibref">RFC3023</a></cite>] section 10 for HTTP IRIs. Data obtained from an inaccurate or malicious data source may lead to inaccurate or misleading conclusions, as well as the dereferencing of unintended IRIs. Care must be taken to align the trust in consulted resources with the sensitivity of the intended use of the data; inferences of potential medical treatments would likely require different trust than inferences for trip planning.</dd>
+ <dd>TriG is a general-purpose assertion language; applications may evaluate given data to infer more assertions or to dereference IRIs, invoking the security considerations of the scheme for that IRI. Note in particular, the privacy issues in [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3023">RFC3023</a></cite>] section 10 for HTTP IRIs. Data obtained from an inaccurate or malicious data source may lead to inaccurate or misleading conclusions, as well as the dereferencing of unintended IRIs. Care must be taken to align the trust in consulted resources with the sensitivity of the intended use of the data; inferences of potential medical treatments would likely require different trust than inferences for trip planning.</dd>
<dd>TriG is used to express arbitrary application data; security considerations will vary by domain of use. Security tools and protocols applicable to text (e.g. PGP encryption, MD5 sum validation, password-protected compression) may also be used on Turtle documents. Security/privacy protocols must be imposed which reflect the sensitivity of the embedded information.</dd>
- <dd>TriG can express data which is presented to the user, for example, <abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> Schema labels. Application rendering strings retrieved from untrusted Turtle documents must ensure that malignant strings may not be used to mislead the reader. The security considerations in the media type registration for XML ([<cite><a href="#bib-RFC3023" class="bibref">RFC3023</a></cite>] section 10) provide additional guidance around the expression of arbitrary data and markup.</dd>
+ <dd>TriG can express data which is presented to the user, for example, <abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr> Schema labels. Application rendering strings retrieved from untrusted Turtle documents must ensure that malignant strings may not be used to mislead the reader. The security considerations in the media type registration for XML ([<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3023">RFC3023</a></cite>] section 10) provide additional guidance around the expression of arbitrary data and markup.</dd>
<dd>TriG uses IRIs as term identifiers. Applications interpreting data expressed in TriG should address the security issues of
- <a class="norm" href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt">Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs)</a> [<cite><a href="#bib-RFC3987" class="bibref">RFC3987</a></cite>] Section 8, as well as
- <a class="norm" href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax</a> [<cite><a href="#bib-RFC3986" class="bibref">RFC3986</a></cite>] Section 7.</dd>
+ <a class="norm" href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt">Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs)</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3987">RFC3987</a></cite>] Section 8, as well as
+ <a class="norm" href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3986">RFC3986</a></cite>] Section 7.</dd>
<dd>Multiple IRIs may have the same appearance. Characters in different scripts may
look similar (a Cyrillic "о" may appear similar to a Latin "o"). A character followed
@@ -1042,9 +1442,9 @@
Any person or application that is writing or interpreting data in TriG must take care to use the IRI that matches the intended semantics, and avoid IRIs that make look similar.
Further information about matching of similar characters can be found
in <a class="inform" href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/">Unicode Security
- Considerations</a> [<cite><a href="#bib-UNISEC" class="bibref">UNISEC</a></cite>] and
+ Considerations</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-UNICODE-SECURITY">UNICODE-SECURITY</a></cite>] and
<a class="norm" href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt">Internationalized Resource
- Identifiers (IRIs)</a> [<cite><a href="#bib-RFC3987" class="bibref">RFC3987</a></cite>] Section 8.</dd>
+ Identifiers (IRIs)</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3987">RFC3987</a></cite>] Section 8.</dd>
<dt>Interoperability considerations:</dt>
<dd>There are no known interoperability issues.</dd>
@@ -1060,7 +1460,7 @@
<dd>".trig"</dd>
<dt>Base URI:</dt>
- <dd>The TriG '@base <IRIref>' term can change the current base URI for relative IRIrefs in the query language that are used sequentially later in the document.</dd>
+ <dd>The TriG base directive can change the current base URI for relative IRIrefs in the language that are used sequentially later in the document.</dd>
<dt>Macintosh file type code(s):</dt>
<dd>"TEXT"</dd>
<dt>Person & email address to contact for further information:</dt>
@@ -1076,15 +1476,17 @@
</dl>
</section>
-<section class="appendix" id="references"><!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">C. </span>References</h2><section id="normative-references"><h3><span class="secno">C.1 </span>Normative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-EBNF-NOTATION">[EBNF-NOTATION]</dt><dd>Tim Bray; Jean Paoli; C. M. Sperberg-McQueen; Eve Maler; François Yergeau. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#sec-notation"><cite>EBNF Notation</cite></a> 26 November 2008. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#sec-notation">http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#sec-notation</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-RDF11-CONCEPTS">[RDF11-CONCEPTS]</dt><dd>Richard Cyganiak; David Wood. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-rdf11-concepts-20120605/"><cite>RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax</cite></a> 05 June 2012. W3C Working Draft (work in progress). URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-rdf11-concepts-20120605/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-rdf11-concepts-20120605/</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-RFC2119">[RFC2119]</dt><dd>S. Bradner. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><cite>Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.</cite></a> March 1997. Internet RFC 2119. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-RFC3023">[RFC3023]</dt><dd>M. Murata; S. St.Laurent; D. Kohn. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt"><cite>XML Media Types</cite></a> January 2001. Internet RFC 3023. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-RFC3986">[RFC3986]</dt><dd>T. Berners-Lee; R. Fielding; L. Masinter. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"><cite>Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax.</cite></a> January 2005. Internet RFC 3986. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-RFC3987">[RFC3987]</dt><dd>M. Dürst; M. Suignard. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><cite>Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs).</cite></a> January 2005. Internet RFC 3987. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-TURTLE-TR">[TURTLE-TR]</dt><dd>Eric Prud'hommeaux; Gavin Carothers. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-turtle-20130219/"><cite>Turtle: Terse Triple Language</cite></a> 19 February 2013. W3C Candidate Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-turtle-20130219/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-turtle-20130219/</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-UNICODE">[UNICODE]</dt><dd>The Unicode Consortium. <a href="http://www.unicode.org/standard/versions/enumeratedversions.html"><cite>The Unicode Standard.</cite></a>. Defined by: The Unicode Standard, Version 6.2.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2012. ISBN 978-1-936213-07-8) , as updated from time to time by the publication of new versions URL: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/standard/versions/enumeratedversions.html">http://www.unicode.org/standard/versions/enumeratedversions.html</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-UTF-8">[UTF-8]</dt><dd>F. Yergeau. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3629.txt"><cite>UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646</cite></a>. IETF RFC 3629. November 2003. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3629.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3629.txt</a>
-</dd></dl></section><section id="informative-references"><h3><span class="secno">C.2 </span>Informative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-RDF-SPARQL-QUERY">[RDF-SPARQL-QUERY]</dt><dd>Andy Seaborne; Eric Prud'hommeaux. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115/"><cite>SPARQL Query Language for RDF.</cite></a> 15 January 2008. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115/</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-UNISEC">[UNISEC]</dt><dd>Mark Davis; Michel Suignard. <a href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/"><cite>Unicode Security Considerations</cite></a> 4 August 2010. URL: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/">http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/</a>
+</section><section id="references" class="appendix" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#references" rel="bibo:chapter"><!--OddPage--><h2 aria-level="1" role="heading" id="h2_references"><span class="secno">A. </span>References</h2><section id="normative-references" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#normative-references" rel="bibo:chapter"><h3 aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h3_normative-references"><span class="secno">A.1 </span>Normative references</h3><dl class="bibliography" about=""><dt id="bib-BCP47">[BCP47]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">A. Phillips; M. Davis. <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47"><cite>Tags for Identifying Languages</cite></a>. September 2009. IETF Best Current Practice. URL: <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47">http://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-EBNF-NOTATION">[EBNF-NOTATION]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">Tim Bray; Jean Paoli; C. M. Sperberg-McQueen; Eve Maler; François Yergeau. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#sec-notation"><cite>EBNF Notation</cite></a> 26 November 2008. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#sec-notation">http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#sec-notation</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">[RDF-CONCEPTS]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">Graham Klyne; Jeremy Carroll. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/"><cite>Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax</cite></a>. 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/">http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC2119">[RFC2119]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">S. Bradner. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><cite>Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.</cite></a> March 1997. Internet RFC 2119. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC3023">[RFC3023]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">M. Murata; S. St.Laurent; D. Kohn. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt"><cite>XML Media Types (RFC 3023)</cite></a>. January 2001. RFC. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC3986">[RFC3986]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">T. Berners-Lee; R. Fielding; L. Masinter. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"><cite>Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax (RFC 3986)</cite></a>. January 2005. RFC. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC3987">[RFC3987]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">M. Dürst; M. Suignard. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><cite>Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs)</cite></a>. January 2005. RFC. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-UNICODE">[UNICODE]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires"><a href="http://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/"><cite>The Unicode Standard</cite></a>. URL: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/">http://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-UTF-8">[UTF-8]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">F. Yergeau. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3629.txt"><cite>UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646</cite></a>. IETF RFC 3629. November 2003. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3629.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3629.txt</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-rdf11-concepts">[rdf11-concepts]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">Richard Cyganiak; David Wood. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/"><cite>RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax</cite></a>. 23 July 2013. W3C Last Call Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/">http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-turtle">[turtle]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">Eric Prud'hommeaux; Gavin Carothers. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/"><cite>Turtle</cite></a>. 19 February 2013. W3C Candidate Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/">http://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/</a>
+</dd></dl></section><section id="informative-references" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#informative-references" rel="bibo:chapter"><h3 aria-level="2" role="heading" id="h3_informative-references"><span class="secno">A.2 </span>Informative references</h3><dl class="bibliography" about=""><dt id="bib-RDF-SPARQL-QUERY">[RDF-SPARQL-QUERY]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:references">Eric Prud'hommeaux; Andy Seaborne. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/"><cite>SPARQL Query Language for RDF</cite></a>. 15 January 2008. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/">http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-UNICODE-SECURITY">[UNICODE-SECURITY]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:references">Mark Davis; Michel Suignard. <a href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/"><cite>Unicode Security Considerations</cite></a>. URL: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/">http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/</a>
</dd></dl></section></section></body></html>
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