--- a/rdf-turtle/built-xhtml/FPWD.html Tue Aug 02 05:32:54 2011 +0200
+++ b/rdf-turtle/built-xhtml/FPWD.html Tue Aug 02 05:35:24 2011 +0200
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML+RDFa 1.0//EN' 'http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/xhtml-rdfa-1.dtd'>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" dir="ltr" about="" property="dcterms:language" content="en" xmlns:dcterms='http://purl.org/dc/terms/' xmlns:bibo='http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/' xmlns:foaf='http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/' xmlns:xsd='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#'>
<head>
- <title>Turtle</title>
- <meta content="text/html;charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" />
-
-
+ <title>Turtle</title>
+ <meta content="text/html;charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" />
+
+
<script>
function updateExample(doc, content) {
// perform transformations to make it render and prettier
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
display:block;
}
</style>
-
+
<style type="text/css">
/*****************************************************************
* ReSpec CSS
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@
pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_usertype { color: teal; } /* user defined types */
pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_string { color: red; font-family: monospace; } /* strings and chars */
pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_regexp { color: orange; font-family: monospace; } /* regular expressions */
-pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_specialchar { color: #ffc0cb; font-family: monospace; } /* e.g., \n, \t, \\ */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_specialchar { color: #ffc0cb; font-family: monospace; } /* e.g., \n, \t, \\ */
pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_comment { color: #A52A2A; font-style: italic; } /* comments */
pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_number { color: purple; } /* literal numbers */
pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_preproc { color: #00008B; font-weight: bold; } /* e.g., #include, import */
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@
</style><link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-WD" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" charset="utf-8" /></head>
- <body style="display: inherit;"><div class="head"><p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img width="72" height="48" alt="W3C" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" /></a></p><h1 id="title" class="title" property="dcterms:title">Turtle</h1><h2 id="subtitle" property="bibo:subtitle">Terse RDF Triple Language</h2><h2 content="2011-07-06T17:01:41+0000" datatype="xsd:dateTime" property="dcterms:issued" id="w3c-working-draft-06-july-2011">W3C Working Draft 06 July 2011</h2><dl><dt>This version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-Turtle-20110706/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-Turtle-20110706/</a></dd><dt>Latest published version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/Turtle/">http://www.w3.org/TR/Turtle/</a></dd><dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt><dd><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/rdf/raw-file/default/rdf-turtle/index.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/rdf/raw-file/default/rdf-turtle/index.html</a></dd><dt>Editors:</dt><dd rel="bibo:editor"><span typeof="foaf:Person"><a href="http://www.w3.org/People/Eric/" hommeaux'="" content="Eric Prud" property="foaf:name" rel="foaf:homepage">Eric Prud'hommeaux</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/" rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage">W3C</a></span>
+ <body style="display: inherit;"><div class="head"><p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img width="72" height="48" alt="W3C" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" /></a></p><h1 id="title" class="title" property="dcterms:title">Turtle</h1><h2 id="subtitle" property="bibo:subtitle">Terse RDF Triple Language</h2><h2 content="2011-08-02T02:43:54+0000" datatype="xsd:dateTime" property="dcterms:issued" id="w3c-working-draft-02-august-2011">W3C Working Draft 02 August 2011</h2><dl><dt>This version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-Turtle-20110706/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-Turtle-20110706/</a></dd><dt>Latest published version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/Turtle/">http://www.w3.org/TR/Turtle/</a></dd><dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt><dd><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/rdf/raw-file/default/rdf-turtle/index.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/rdf/raw-file/default/rdf-turtle/index.html</a></dd><dt>Previous version:</dt><dd>none</dd><dt>Editors:</dt><dd rel="bibo:editor"><span typeof="foaf:Person"><a href="http://www.w3.org/People/Eric/" hommeaux'="" content="Eric Prud" property="foaf:name" rel="foaf:homepage">Eric Prud'hommeaux</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/" rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage">W3C</a></span>
</dd>
<dd rel="bibo:editor"><span typeof="foaf:Person"><a href="http://gavin.carothers.name/" content="Gavin Carothers" property="foaf:name" rel="foaf:homepage">Gavin Carothers</a>, <a href="http://topquadrant.com/" rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage">TopQuadrant, Inc</a></span>
</dd>
@@ -500,83 +500,91 @@
<dd rel="dcterms:contributor"><span typeof="foaf:Person"><a href="http://www.w3.org/People/Eric/" hommeaux'="" content="Eric Prud" property="foaf:name" rel="foaf:homepage">Eric Prud'hommeaux</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/" rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage">W3C</a></span>
</dd>
</dl><p class="copyright"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright" rel="license">Copyright</a> © 2008-2011 <span rel="dcterms:publisher"><span typeof="foaf:Organization"><a href="http://www.w3.org/" content="World Wide Web Consotrium" property="foaf:name" rel="foaf:homepage"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym></a><sup>®</sup></span></span> (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.</p><hr /></div>
- <div id="abstract" class="introductory section" property="dcterms:abstract" datatype="" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#abstract"><h2>Abstract</h2>
- <p>The Resource Description Framework
- (<abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr>) is a
- general-purpose language for representing information in the Web.</p>
+ <div id="abstract" class="introductory section" property="dcterms:abstract" datatype="" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#abstract"><h2>Abstract</h2>
+ <p>The Resource Description Framework
+ (<abbr title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr>) is a
+ general-purpose language for representing information in the Web.</p>
- <p>This document defines a textual syntax for RDF called Turtle
- that allows RDF graphs to be completely written in a compact and
- natural text form, with abbreviations for common usage patterns and
- datatypes. Turtle provides levels of compatibility with the existing
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-testcases/#ntriples">N-Triples</a>
- and
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Notation3">Notation 3</a>
- formats as well as the triple pattern syntax of the
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115/">SPARQL</a>
- W3C Recommendation.
- </p>
+ <p>This document defines a textual syntax for RDF called Turtle
+ that allows an RDF graph to be completely written in a compact and
+ natural text form, with abbreviations for common usage patterns and
+ datatypes. Turtle provides levels of compatibility with the existing
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-testcases/#ntriples">N-Triples</a>
+ <!-- and
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Notation3">Notation 3</a> -->
+ format as well as the triple pattern syntax of the
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/">SPARQL</a>
+ W3C Recommendation.
+ </p>
+ </div><div class="introductory section" id="sotd" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#sotd"><h2>Status of This Document</h2><p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/">W3C technical reports index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em></p>
+ <p>
+ Turtle is already a reasonably settled serialization of RDF. Many
+ implementations of Turtle already exist, we are hoping for feedback from those
+ existing implementers and other people deciding that now would be a good time
+ to support Turtle. There are still a few rough edges that need polishing, and
+ better alignment with the SPARQL triple patterns. The working group does not
+ expect to make any large changes to the existing syntax.
+ </p>
+ <p>This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/rdf-wg/">RDF Working Group</a> as an Editor's Draft. If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to <a href="mailto:public-rdf-comments@w3.org">public-rdf-comments@w3.org</a> (<a href="mailto:public-rdf-comments-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>, <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-rdf-comments/">archives</a>). All feedback is welcome.</p><p>Publication as a Editor's Draft does not imply endorsement by the W3C Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.</p><p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 W3C Patent Policy</a>. W3C maintains a <a rel="disclosure" href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46168/status">public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy</a>.</p></div><div id="toc" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#toc" class="section"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-intro" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#an-introduction-to-turtle--informative" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>An Introduction to Turtle (Informative)</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#terms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1 </span>RDF Terms</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#iris" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2 </span>Abbreviating IRIs</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#abbrev" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Abbreviating common datatypes</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#groups" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.4 </span>Abbreviating groups of triples</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#collections" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.5 </span>Abbreviating RDF Collections</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-syntax" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>Syntax for IRIs, Literals and Blank Nodes</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-grammar" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span>Turtle Grammar</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-grammar-ws" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.1 </span>White Space</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-grammar-comments" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.2 </span>Comments</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-strings" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3 </span>String Escapes</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-grammar-grammar" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.4 </span>Grammar</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-parsing" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5. </span>Parsing</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-parsing-state" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1 </span>Parser State</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-parsing-terms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2 </span>RDF Term Constructors</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-parsing-triples" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3 </span>RDF Triples Constructors</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-parsing-example" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4 </span>Parsing Example (Informative)</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-examples" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">6. </span>Examples (Informative)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-identifiers" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">7. </span>Identifiers for the Turtle Language</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-conformance" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">8. </span>Conformance</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-mime" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">9. </span>Media Type and Content Encoding</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-compared" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">10. </span>Turtle compared</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-diff-ntriples" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">10.1 </span>Turtle compared to N-Triples (Informative)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-diff-n3" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">10.2 </span>Turtle compared to Notation 3 (Informative)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-diff-rdfxml" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">10.3 </span>Turtle compared to RDF/XML (Informative)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-diff-sparql" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">10.4 </span>Turtle compared to SPARQL (Informative)</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-mediaReg" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A. </span>Internet Media Type, File Extension and Macintosh File Type (Normative)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-acks" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B. </span>Acknowledgements (Informative)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-changelog" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C. </span>Changes (Informative)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">D. </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">D.1 </span>Normative references</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">D.2 </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
- <p>This document specifies a language that is in common usage under the name
- "Turtle". It is intended to be compatible with, and a subset of,
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Notation3">Notation 3</a>.</p>
- </div><div class="introductory section" id="sotd" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#sotd"><h2>Status of This Document</h2><p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/">W3C technical reports index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em></p><p>This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/rdf-wg/">RDF Working Group</a> as a First Public Working Draft. This document is intended to become a W3C Recommendation. If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to <a href="mailto:public-rdf-comments@w3.org">public-rdf-comments@w3.org</a> (<a href="mailto:public-rdf-comments-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>, <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-rdf-comments/">archives</a>). All feedback is welcome.</p><p>Publication as a Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the W3C Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.</p><p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 W3C Patent Policy</a>. W3C maintains a <a rel="disclosure" href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46168/status">public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy</a>.</p></div><div id="toc" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#toc" class="section"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-intro" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#an-introduction-to-turtle--informative" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>An Introduction to Turtle (Informative)</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#terms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1 </span>RDF Terms</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#uris" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2 </span>Abbreviating URIs</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#abbrev" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Abbreviating common datatypes</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#groups" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.4 </span>Abbreviating groups of triples</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#collections" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.5 </span>Abbreviating RDF Collections</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-syntax" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>Syntax for IRIs, Literals and Blank Nodes</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-grammar" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span>Turtle Grammar</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-grammar-ws" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.1 </span>White Space</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-grammar-comments" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.2 </span>Comments</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-strings" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3 </span>String Escapes</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-grammar-grammar" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.4 </span>Grammar</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-parsing" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5. </span>Parsing</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-parsing-state" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1 </span>Parser State</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-parsing-terms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2 </span>RDF Term Constructors</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-parsing-triples" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3 </span>RDF Triples Constructors</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-parsing-example" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4 </span>Parsing Example (Informative)</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-examples" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">6. </span>Examples (Informative)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-identifiers" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">7. </span>Identifiers for the Turtle Language</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-conformance" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">8. </span>Conformance</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-mime" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">9. </span>Media Type and Content Encoding</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-compared" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">10. </span>Turtle compared</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-diff-ntriples" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">10.1 </span>Turtle compared to N-Triples (Informative)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-diff-n3" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">10.2 </span>Turtle compared to Notation 3 (Informative)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-diff-rdfxml" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">10.3 </span>Turtle compared to RDF/XML (Informative)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-diff-sparql" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">10.4 </span>Turtle compared to SPARQL (Informative)</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-mediaReg" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A. </span>Internet Media Type, File Extension and Macintosh File Type (Normative)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-acks" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B. </span>Acknowledgements (Informative)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-changelog" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C. </span>Changes (Informative)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">D. </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">D.1 </span>Normative references</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">D.2 </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
- <div id="sec-intro" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#sec-intro" class="section">
-
+
+ <div id="sec-intro" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#sec-intro" class="section">
+
<!-- OddPage -->
<h2><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</h2>
- <p>This document defines Turtle, the Terse RDF Triple Language,
- a concrete syntax for RDF as defined in the
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/">RDF Concepts and Abstract Syntax</a> ([<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">RDF-CONCEPTS</a></cite>]) W3C Recommendation.
- Turtle is an extension of
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-testcases/#ntriples">N-Triples</a>
+ <p>This document defines Turtle, the Terse RDF Triple Language,
+ a concrete syntax for RDF as defined in the
+ <a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html">RDF Concepts and Abstract Syntax</a> ([<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">RDF-CONCEPTS</a></cite>]) W3C Recommendation.
+ Turtle is an extension of
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-testcases/#ntriples">N-Triples</a>
- ([<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-N-TRIPLES">N-TRIPLES</a></cite>])
- carefully taking the most useful and appropriate things added from
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Notation3">Notation 3</a>
- ([<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-N3">N3</a></cite>])
- while staying within the RDF model.</p>
+ ([<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-N-TRIPLES">N-TRIPLES</a></cite>])
+ carefully taking the most useful and appropriate things added from
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Notation3">Notation 3</a>
+ ([<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-N3">N3</a></cite>])
+ while staying within the RDF model.</p>
+ <p class="issue"><a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/rdf-wg/track/issues/4">ISSUE-4</a>: A future version of this document is expected to define N-Triples.</p>
+ <p>The Turtle grammar for <a href="#prod-turtle2-triples"><code>triples</code></a> is a subset of the
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115/">SPARQL Query Language for RDF</a>
+ [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-SPARQL-QUERY">RDF-SPARQL-QUERY</a></cite>] grammar for <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/#rTriplesBlock"><code>TriplesBlock</code></a>. The two grammars share production and terminal names where possible.</p>
+ </div>
+ <div id="an-introduction-to-turtle--informative" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#an-introduction-to-turtle--informative" class="section">
- <p>The Turtle grammar for <a href="#prod-turtle2-triples"><code>triples</code></a> is a subset of the
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115/">SPARQL Query Language for RDF</a>
- [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-SPARQL-QUERY">RDF-SPARQL-QUERY</a></cite>] grammar for <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rTriplesBlock"><code>TriplesBlock</code></a>. The two grammars share production and terminal names where possible.</p>
- </div>
- <div id="an-introduction-to-turtle--informative" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#an-introduction-to-turtle--informative" class="section">
-
-
+
<!-- OddPage -->
<h2><span class="secno">2. </span>An Introduction to Turtle (Informative)</h2>
- <p>This section is informative. The
- <a href="#sec-syntax">Turtle Syntax</a> and <a href="#sec-grammar">Turtle Grammar</a> sections formally define the language.
- </p>
-
- <p>A Turtle document allows writing down an RDF graph in a compact
- textual form. It consists of a sequence of directives, triple-generating
- statements or blank lines. Comments may be given after a <code>#</code>
- and continue to the end of the line.</p>
+ <p>This section is informative. The
+ <a href="#sec-syntax">Turtle Syntax</a> and <a href="#sec-grammar">Turtle Grammar</a> sections formally define the language.
+ </p>
- <p>Simple triples are a sequence of (subject, predicate, object)
- terms, separated by whitespace and terminated by '.' after each
- triple. This corresponds to
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-testcases/#ntriples">N-Triples</a>
- [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-N-TRIPLES">N-TRIPLES</a></cite>].
- </p>
+ <p>A Turtle document allows writing down an RDF graph in a compact
+ textual form. It consists of a sequence of directives, triple-generating
+ statements or blank lines. Comments may be given after a <code>#</code> that is not part of another lexical token
+ and continue to the end of the line.</p>
- <p>There are three types of <em>RDF Term</em>:
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#dfn-URI-reference">RDF URI References</a> (URIs for short),
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#dfn-literal">literals</a> and
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#dfn-blank-node">blank nodes</a>.</p>
+ <p>Simple triples are a sequence of (subject, predicate, object)
+ terms, separated by whitespace and terminated by '.' after each
+ triple. This corresponds to
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-testcases/#ntriples">N-Triples</a>
+ [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-N-TRIPLES">N-TRIPLES</a></cite>].
+ </p>
+ <p class="issue"><a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/rdf-wg/track/issues/4">ISSUE-4</a>: A future version of this document is expected to define N-Triples.</p>
- <div id="terms" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#terms" class="section">
- <h3><span class="secno">2.1 </span>RDF Terms</h3>
+ <p>There are three types of <em>RDF Term</em>:
+ <a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-iri">Internationalized Resource Identifiers</a> (IRIs for short),
+ <a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-literal">literals</a> and
+ <a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-blank-node">blank nodes</a>.</p>
- <p>URIs are written enclosed in '<' and '>' and may be
- absolute RDF URI References or relative to the current base URI
- (described below).
- </p>
+ <div id="terms" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#terms" class="section">
+ <h3><span class="secno">2.1 </span>RDF Terms</h3>
- <pre class="example">
+ <p>IRIs are written enclosed in '<' and '>' and may be
+ absolute RDF URI References or relative to the current base IRI
+ (described below).
+ </p>
+
+ <pre class="example">
<script type="text/turtle"># this is not a complete turtle document
<http://example.org/path/>
@@ -586,33 +594,36 @@
<>
</script></pre>
- <p>URIs may also be abbreviated by using Turtle's <code>@prefix</code>
- directive that allows declaring a short prefix name for a long prefix
- of repeated URIs. This is useful for many RDF vocabularies that are
- all defined in nearby namespace URIs, possibly using XML's namespace
- mechanism that works in a similar fashion.</p>
+ <p>IRIs may also be abbreviated by using Turtle's <code>@prefix</code>
+ directive that allows declaring a short prefix name for a long prefix
+ of repeated IRIs. This is useful for many RDF vocabularies that are
+ all defined with a common namespace like IRI.</p>
+
+ <p class="note">While <code>@prefix</code> works somewhat like XML
+ namespaces the restrictions from XML QNames do NOT apply. <code>leg:3032571</code>
+ is a perfectly fine prefixed name.</p>
- <p>Once a prefix such as <code>@prefix foo:
- <http://example.org/ns#></code> is defined, any mention of a
- URI later in the document may use a <em>qualified name</em> that
- starts <code>foo:</code> to stand for the longer URI. So for
- example, the qualified name <code>foo:bar</code> is a shorthand for
- the URI <code>http://example.org/ns#bar</code>.</p>
+ <p>Once a prefix such as <code>@prefix foo:
+ <http://example.org/ns#></code> is defined, any mention of a
+ URI later in the document may use a <em>prefixed name</em> that
+ starts <code>foo:</code> to stand for the longer IRI. So for
+ example, the prefixed name <code>foo:bar</code> is a shorthand for
+ the IRI <code>http://example.org/ns#bar</code>.</p>
- <pre class="example">
+ <pre class="example">
<script type="text/turtle"># this is a complete turtle document
-@prefix foo: <http://example.org/ns> .
-@prefix : <http://other.example.org/ns> .
+@prefix foo: <http://example.org/ns#> .
+@prefix : <http://other.example.org/ns#> .
foo:bar foo: : .
:bar : foo:bar .
</script></pre>
- <p>Literals are written either using double-quotes when they do not
- contain linebreaks like <code>"simple literal"</code> or
- <code>"""long literal"""</code> when they may contain linebreaks.
- </p>
+ <p>Literals are written either using double-quotes when they do not
+ contain linebreaks like <code>"simple literal"</code> or
+ <code>"""long literal"""</code> when they may contain linebreaks.
+ </p>
- <pre class="example">
+ <pre class="example">
<script type="text/turtle"># this is not a complete turtle document
"a string"
"""a string"""
@@ -621,91 +632,92 @@
"""
</script></pre>
- <p>Literals have either a language suffix or a datatype URI
- but not both. Languages are indicated by appending the simple
- literal with <code>@</code> and the language tag. Datatype URIs
- similarly append <code>^^</code> followed by any legal URI form (full
- or qualified) as described above to give the datatype URI. <span class="non-issue">Literals
- may be written without either a language tag or a datatype URI as a
- shortcut for a literal with the type xsd:string.</span>
- </p>
+ <p>Literals have either a language suffix or a datatype IRI
+ but not both. Languages are indicated by appending the simple
+ literal with <code>@</code> and the language tag. Datatype IRIs
+ similarly append <code>^^</code> followed by any legal IRI form (full
+ or prefixed) as described above to give the datatype IRI. <span class="non-issue">Literals
+ may be written without either a language tag or a datatype IRI as a
+ shortcut for a literal with the type <code>xsd:string</code>.</span>
+ </p>
- <pre class="example">
+ <pre class="example">
<script type="text/turtle"># this is not a complete turtle document
-"chat"
-"chat"@en
-"chat"@fr
-"foo"^^<http://example.org/my/datatype>
+"That Seventies Show"
+"That Seventies Show"@en
+"Cette Série des Années Soixante-dix"@fr
+"Cette Série des Années Septante"@fr-be
+"mylexicaldata"^^<http://example.org/my/datatype>
"""10"""^^xsd:decimal
</script></pre>
- <p>
- The <code>"chat"</code> above is equivalent to <code>"chat"^^xsd:string</code>.
- </p>
-
- <p class="issue">
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/rdf-wg/track/issues/12">ISSUE-12</a> The RDF Working Group is currently examining a simplification of RDF which considers plain literals with no language tag to be literals with a datatype <code>xsd:string</code>.
- </p>
+ <p>
+ The <code>"That Seventies Show"</code> above is equivalent to <code>"That Seventies Show"^^xsd:string</code>.
+ </p>
- <p>Blank nodes are written as <code>_:</code><em>BLANK_NODE_LABEL</em>
- to provide a blank node either from the given <a href="#prod-turtle2-BLANK_NODE_LABEL">BLANK_NODE_LABEL</a>.
- A generated blank node may also be made with <code>[]</code>
+ <p class="issue">
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/rdf-wg/track/issues/12">ISSUE-12</a> The RDF Working Group is currently examining a simplification of RDF which considers plain literals with no language tag to be literals with a datatype <code>xsd:string</code>.
+ </p>
- which is useful to provide the subject of RDF triples for
- each pair from the <a href="#prod-turtle2-predicateObjectList">predicateObjectList</a>
- or the root of the <a href="#prod-turtle2-collection">collection</a>.
- </p>
+ <p>Blank nodes are written as <code>_:</code><em>BLANK_NODE_LABEL</em>
+ to provide a blank node either from the given <a href="#prod-turtle2-BLANK_NODE_LABEL">BLANK_NODE_LABEL</a>.
+ A generated blank node may also be made with <code>[]</code>
- <pre class="example">
+ which is useful to provide the subject of RDF triples for
+ each pair from the <a href="#prod-turtle2-predicateObjectList">predicateObjectList</a>
+ or the root of the <a href="#prod-turtle2-collection">collection</a>.
+ </p>
+
+ <pre class="example">
<script type="text/turtle"># this is not a complete turtle document
_:me
_:a1234
</script></pre>
- <p>Literals <span class="non-issue">, prefixed names</span>and URIs may also contain escapes to encode surrounding
- syntax, non-printable characters and to encode Unicode characters by
- codepoint number (although they may also be given directly, encoded
- as UTF-8). The character escapes are:</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li><code>\t</code> (U+0009, tab)</li>
- <li><code>\n</code> (U+000A, linefeed)</li>
- <li><code>\r</code> (U+000D, carriage return)</li>
-
- <li><code>\"</code> (U+0022, double quote - only allowed inside <a href="#prod-turtle2-String">strings</a>)</li>
- <li><code>\></code> (U+003E, greater than - only allowed inside <a href="#prod-turtle2-IRI_REF">IRI_REFs</a>)</li>
- <li><code>\\</code> (U+005C, backslash)</li>
+ <p>Literals <span class="non-issue">, prefixed names</span> and IRIs may also contain escapes to encode surrounding
+ syntax, non-printable characters and to encode Unicode characters by
+ codepoint number (although they may also be given directly, encoded
+ as UTF-8). The character escapes are:</p>
- <li>
- <code>\u</code><em>HHHH</em> or
- <code>\U</code><em>HHHHHHHH</em>
- for writing Unicode characters by hexadecimal codepoint where
- <em>H</em> is a single hexadecimal digit.
- </li>
- </ul>
-
- <p>See the <a href="#sec-strings">String escapes</a> section for full details.</p>
-
- <p class="issue">
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/rdf-wg/track/issues/67">ISSUE 67</a> The inclusion of escape sequences in prefixed names is undecided.
- </p>
+ <ul>
+ <li><code>\t</code> (U+0009, tab)</li>
+ <li><code>\n</code> (U+000A, linefeed)</li>
+ <li><code>\r</code> (U+000D, carriage return)</li>
- </div>
- <div id="uris" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#uris" class="section">
- <h3><span class="secno">2.2 </span>Abbreviating URIs</h3>
+ <li><code>\"</code> (U+0022, double quote - only allowed inside <a href="#prod-turtle2-String">strings</a>)</li>
+ <li><code>\></code> (U+003E, greater than - only allowed inside <a href="#prod-turtle2-IRI_REF">IRI_REFs</a>)</li>
+ <li><code>\\</code> (U+005C, backslash)</li>
- <p>The current base URI may be altered in a Turtle document using the
- <code>@base</code> directive. It allows further abbreviation of
- URIs but is usually for simplifying the URIs in the data, where
- the prefix directives are for vocabularies that describe the data.</p>
+ <li>
+ <code>\u</code><em>HHHH</em> or
+ <code>\U</code><em>HHHHHHHH</em>
+ for writing Unicode characters by hexadecimal codepoint where
+ <em>H</em> is a single hexadecimal digit.
+ </li>
+ </ul>
- <p>Whenever this directive appears, it defines the base URI for which
- all relative URIs are resolved against. That includes URIs,
- qualified names, prefix directives as well as later base directives.
- </p>
+ <p>See the <a href="#sec-strings">String escapes</a> section for full details.</p>
- <pre class="example">
+ <p class="issue">
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/rdf-wg/track/issues/67">ISSUE 67</a> The inclusion of escape sequences in prefixed names is undecided.
+ </p>
+
+ </div>
+ <div id="iris" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#iris" class="section">
+ <h3><span class="secno">2.2 </span>Abbreviating IRIs</h3>
+
+ <p>The current base IRI may be altered in a Turtle document using the
+ <code>@base</code> directive. It allows further abbreviation of
+ IRIs but is usually for simplifying the IRIs in the data, where
+ the prefix directives are for vocabularies that describe the data.</p>
+
+ <p>Whenever this directive appears, it defines the base IRI for which
+ all relative IRIs are resolved against. That includes IRIs,
+ qualified names, prefix directives as well as later base directives.
+ </p>
+
+ <pre class="example">
<script type="text/turtle"># this is a complete turtle document
# In-scope base URI is the document URI at this point
<a1> <b1> <c1> .
@@ -722,26 +734,26 @@
:a5 :b5 :c5 .</script></pre>
- <p>The token <code>a</code> is equivalent to the URI
- <code><http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type></code>
- </p>
+ <p>The token <code>a</code> is equivalent to the IRI
+ <code><http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type></code>
+ </p>
- <pre class="example">
+ <pre class="example">
<script type="text/turtle"># this is a complete turtle document
@prefix doc: <http://example.org/#ns> .
<http://example.org/path> a doc:Document .
</script></pre>
- </div>
- <div id="abbrev" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#abbrev" class="section">
- <h3><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Abbreviating common datatypes</h3>
+ </div>
+ <div id="abbrev" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#abbrev" class="section">
+ <h3><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Abbreviating common datatypes</h3>
- <p>Decimal integers may be written directly and correspond to
- the XML Schema Datatype
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#integer">xsd:integer</a>.
- in both syntax and datatype URI.</p>
+ <p>Decimal integers may be written directly and correspond to
+ the XML Schema Datatype
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#integer">xsd:integer</a>
+ in both syntax and datatype IRI.</p>
- <pre class="example">
+ <pre class="example">
<script type="text/turtle">
# this is not a complete turtle document
-5
@@ -752,15 +764,15 @@
# some long form examples
"-5"^^xsd:integer
"10"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer>
- </script></pre>
+ </script></pre>
- <p>Decimal floating point double/fixed precision numbers may be written
- directly and correspond to the XML Schema Datatype
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#integer">xsd:double</a>
- in both syntax and datatype URI.
- </p>
+ <p>Decimal floating point double/fixed precision numbers may be written
+ directly and correspond to the XML Schema Datatype
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#integer">xsd:double</a>
+ in both syntax and datatype IRI.
+ </p>
- <pre class="example">
+ <pre class="example">
<script type="text/turtle">
# this is not a complete turtle document
1.3e2
@@ -769,15 +781,15 @@
# some long form examples
"1.3e2"^^xsd:double
"-12.5e10"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double>
- </script></pre>
+ </script></pre>
- <p>Decimal floating point arbitrary precision numbers may be written
- directly and correspond to the XML Schema Datatype
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#integer">xsd:decimal</a>.
- in both syntax and datatype URI.
- </p>
+ <p>Decimal floating point arbitrary precision numbers may be written
+ directly and correspond to the XML Schema Datatype
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#integer">xsd:decimal</a>.
+ in both syntax and datatype IRI.
+ </p>
- <pre class="example">
+ <pre class="example">
<script type="text/turtle">
# this is not a complete turtle document
0.0
@@ -788,16 +800,16 @@
"0.0"^^xsd:decimal
"-5.0"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#decimal>
- </script></pre>
+ </script></pre>
- <p>Boolean may be written directly as <code>true</code> or
- <code>false</code> and correspond to the
- the XML Schema Datatype
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#boolean">xsd:boolean</a>
- in both syntax and datatype URI.
- </p>
+ <p>Boolean may be written directly as <code>true</code> or
+ <code>false</code> and correspond to the
+ the XML Schema Datatype
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#boolean">xsd:boolean</a>
+ in both syntax and datatype IRI.
+ </p>
- <pre class="example">
+ <pre class="example">
<script type="text/turtle">
# this is not a complete turtle document
true
@@ -805,74 +817,83 @@
# same in long form
"true"^^xsd:boolean
"false"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean>
- </script></pre>
- </div>
+ </script></pre>
+ </div>
- <div id="groups" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#groups" class="section">
- <h3><span class="secno">2.4 </span>Abbreviating groups of triples</h3>
+ <div id="groups" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#groups" class="section">
+ <h3><span class="secno">2.4 </span>Abbreviating groups of triples</h3>
- <p>The <code>,</code> symbol may be used to repeat the subject and
- predicate of triples that only differ in the object RDF term.</p>
-
- <pre class="example">
+ <p>The <code>,</code> symbol may be used to repeat the subject and
+ predicate of triples that only differ in the object RDF term.</p>
+ <pre class="example">
<script type="text/turtle">
# this is not a complete turtle document
-:a :b :c ,
- :d .
-# the last triple is :a :b :d .
- </script></pre>
+:subject :predicate :object1 ,
+ :object2 .
+# creates two triples, the last triple is :subject :predicate :object2 .
+ </script></pre>
- <p>The <code>;</code> symbol may be used to repeat the subject of
- of triples that vary only in predicate and object RDF terms.</p>
-
- <pre class="example">
+ <p>The <code>;</code> symbol may be used to repeat the subject of
+ triples that vary only in predicate and object RDF terms.</p>
+ <pre class="example">
<script type="text/turtle">
# this is not a complete turtle document
-:a :b :c ;
-:d :e .
-# the last triple is :a :d :e .
- </script></pre>
+:subject :predicate1 :obj1 ;
+:predicate2 :obj2 .
+# creates two triples, the last triple is :subject :predicate2 :obj2 .
+ </script></pre>
- </div>
- <div id="collections" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#collections" class="section">
- <h3><span class="secno">2.5 </span>Abbreviating RDF Collections</h3>
+ </div>
+ <div id="collections" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#collections" class="section">
+ <h3><span class="secno">2.5 </span>Abbreviating RDF Collections</h3>
- <p>An RDF Collection may be abbreviated using a sequence of
- RDF Terms enclosed in <code>( )</code> brackets. Whitespace may
- be used to separate them, as usual. This format provides a
- blank node at the start of RDF Collection which may be used
- in further abbreviations.
- </p>
+ <p>An RDF Collection may be abbreviated using a sequence of
+ RDF Terms enclosed in <code>( )</code> brackets. Whitespace may
+ be used to separate them, as usual. This format provides a
+ blank node at the start of RDF Collection which may be used
+ in further abbreviations.
+ </p>
- <pre class="example">
+ <pre class="example">
<script type="text/turtle">
# this is a complete turtle document
-@prefix : <http://example.org/foo> .
-# the value of this triple is the RDF collection blank node
-:subject :predicate ( :a : b : c ) .
+@prefix : <http://example.org/foo> .
+# the object of this triple is the RDF collection blank node
+:subject :predicate ( :a :b :c ) .
# an empty collection value - rdf:nil
:subject :predicate2 () .
- </script></pre>
+ </script></pre>
- <p>See section <a href="#sec-collections">Collections</a> for
- the details on the long form of the generated triples.
- </p>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div id="sec-syntax" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#sec-syntax" class="section">
-
+ <p>See section <a href="#sec-collections">Collections</a> for
+ the details on the long form of the generated triples.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div id="sec-syntax" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#sec-syntax" class="section">
+
<!-- OddPage -->
<h2><span class="secno">3. </span>Syntax for IRIs, Literals and Blank Nodes</h2>
- <p>Turtle is a language for an <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#dfn-rdf-graph">RDF graph</a>, a set of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#dfn-rdf-triple">RDF triple</a>s. An RDF graph is composed of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#dfn-URI-reference">URI reference</a>s (now interpreted as IRIs), <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#dfn-literal">literal</a>s and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#dfn-blank-node">blank node</a>s.</p>
- <p>The Turtle syntax for IRIs is identical to that of SPARQL Query, including the use of <code>prefix</code> and <code>base</code> directives, though these are spelled <code>@prefix</code> and <code>@base</code> respectively in Turtle. Per RFC3986 section 5.1.1, the parsing begins with a context-defined In-Scope Base URI. Each <code>@base</code> directive sets a new In-Scope Base URI, relative to the previous one. <code>@prefix</code> directives map a local name to an IRI, also resolved against the current In-Scope Base URI. Subsequent <code>@prefix</code> may re-map the same local name.</p>
+ <p>Turtle is a language for an <a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-rdf-graph">RDF graph</a>,
+ a set of <a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-rdf-triple">RDF triple</a>s. An RDF graph is
+ composed of <a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-iri">URI reference</a>s (now interpreted as IRIs),
+ <a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-literal">literal</a>s and
+ <a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-blank-node">blank node</a>s.</p>
+ <p>The Turtle syntax for IRIs is identical to that of SPARQL Query, including the use of
+ <code>prefix</code> and <code>base</code> directives, though these are spelled
+ <code>@prefix</code> and <code>@base</code> respectively in Turtle.
+ Per <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-5.1.1">RFC3986 section 5.1.1</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3986">RFC3986</a></cite>],
+ the parsing begins with a context-defined In-Scope Base URI. Each <code>@base</code> directive
+ sets a new In-Scope Base URI, relative to the previous one. <code>@prefix</code> directives
+ map a local name to an IRI, also resolved against the current In-Scope Base URI.
+ Subsequent <code>@prefix</code> may re-map the same local name.</p>
- <p>Turtle IRI syntax, including relative IRI resolution, is defined by <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#QSynIRI">SPARQL Query section 4.1.1</a> (noting the different spellings of the <code>PREFIX</code> and <code>BASE</code> keywords).</p>
+ <p>Turtle IRI syntax, including relative IRI resolution, is defined by <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#QSynIRI">SPARQL Query section 4.1.1</a> (noting the different spellings of the <code>PREFIX</code> and <code>BASE</code> keywords).</p>
- <p>Example (<a href="tests/test-30.ttl">test-30.ttl</a>) with document base URI
- http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/DataAccess/df1/tests/</p>
+ <p>Example (<a href="tests/test-30.ttl">test-30.ttl</a>) with document base IRI
+ http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/DataAccess/df1/tests/</p>
- <div><pre class="example">
+ <div><pre class="example">
# In-scope base URI is http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/DataAccess/df1/tests/ at this point
<a1> <b1> <c1> .
@base <http://example.org/ns/> .
@@ -885,19 +906,19 @@
:a4 :b4 :c4 .
@prefix : <http://example.org/ns2#> .
:a5 :b5 :c5 .</pre></div>
- <p>encodes the following N-Triples
- (<a href="tests/test-30.out">test-30.out</a>):
+ <p>encodes the following N-Triples
+ (<a href="tests/test-30.out">test-30.out</a>):
- </p>
- <div><pre class="example">
+ </p>
+ <div><pre class="example">
<http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/DataAccess/df1/tests/a1> <http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/DataAccess/df1/tests/b1> <http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/DataAccess/df1/tests/c1> .
<http://example.org/ns/a2> <http://example.org/ns/b2> <http://example.org/ns/c2> .
<http://example.org/ns/foo/a3> <http://example.org/ns/foo/b3> <http://example.org/ns/foo/c3> .
<http://example.org/ns/foo/bar#a4> <http://example.org/ns/foo/bar#b4> <http://example.org/ns/foo/bar#c4> .
<http://example.org/ns2#a5> <http://example.org/ns2#b5> <http://example.org/ns2#c5> .</pre></div>
- <p>The Turtle syntax for literals and blank nodes are defined by <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#QSynLiterals">SPARQL Query section 4.1.2</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#QSynBlankNodes">SPARQL Query section 4.1.4</a> respectively.</p>
- </div>
+ <p>The Turtle syntax for literals and blank nodes are defined by <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#QSynLiterals">SPARQL Query section 4.1.2</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#QSynBlankNodes">SPARQL Query section 4.1.4</a> respectively.</p>
+ </div>
<div id="sec-grammar" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#sec-grammar" class="section">
<!-- OddPage -->
@@ -935,7 +956,7 @@
<div id="sec-strings" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#sec-strings" class="section">
<h3><span class="secno">4.3 </span>String Escapes</h3>
- <p>Turtle strings and URIs can use <code>\</code>-escape sequences to
+ <p>Turtle strings and IRIs can use <code>\</code>-escape sequences to
represent Unicode code points.</p>
@@ -1014,10 +1035,10 @@
</div>
<div id="sec-grammar-grammar" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#sec-grammar-grammar" class="section">
<h3><span class="secno">4.4 </span>Grammar</h3>
- <p>The EBNF used here is defined in XML 1.0 (Third Edition)
+ <p>The <acronym title="Extended Backus–Naur Form">EBNF</acronym> used here is defined in XML 1.0 (Third Edition)
[<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-EBNF-NOTATION">EBNF-NOTATION</a></cite>]. Production labels consisting of a number and a final 's', e.g. [<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115/#rRDFLiteral"><span class="prodNo">60s</span></a>], reference to the production with that number in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115/#sparqlGrammar">SPARQL Query Language for RDF grammar</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-SPARQL-QUERY">RDF-SPARQL-QUERY</a></cite>].
</p>
- <p class="note">At this point there should be the table output from yacker, but I has having trouble getting it to behave as expected.</p>
+ <p class="note">There are known formating issues with the table form of the grammar. Please see <a href="turtle.bnf">turtle.bnf</a> for exact grammar.</p>
<div><table>
<caption>Turtle - Terse RDF Triple Language EBNF</caption>
<tbody class="prod">
@@ -1054,7 +1075,7 @@
<td><a id="prod-turtle2-prefixID" name="prod-turtle2-prefixID"></a>[<span class="prodNo">4</span>] </td>
<td><code class="production prod">prefixID</code></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-PREFIX">PREFIX</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-PNAME_NS">PNAME_NS</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-IRI_REF">IRI_REF</a></span></code></td>
+<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-PREFIX">PREFIX</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-PNAME_NS">PNAME_NS</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-IRI_REF">IRI_REF</a></span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1063,7 +1084,7 @@
<td><a id="prod-turtle2-base" name="prod-turtle2-base"></a>[<span class="prodNo">5</span>] </td>
<td><code class="production prod">base</code></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-BASE">BASE</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-IRI_REF">IRI_REF</a></span></code></td>
+<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-BASE">BASE</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-IRI_REF">IRI_REF</a></span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1109,7 +1130,7 @@
<td><a id="prod-turtle2-subject" name="prod-turtle2-subject"></a>[<span class="prodNo">10</span>] </td>
<td><code class="production prod">subject</code></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-IRIref">IRIref</a></span><br />
+<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-IRIref">IRIref</a></span><br />
| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-blank">blank</a></span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1119,7 +1140,7 @@
<td><a id="prod-turtle2-predicate" name="prod-turtle2-predicate"></a>[<span class="prodNo">11</span>] </td>
<td><code class="production prod">predicate</code></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-IRIref">IRIref</a></span></code></td>
+<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-IRIref">IRIref</a></span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1128,7 +1149,7 @@
<td><a id="prod-turtle2-object" name="prod-turtle2-object"></a>[<span class="prodNo">12</span>] </td>
<td><code class="production prod">object</code></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-IRIref">IRIref</a></span><br />
+<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-IRIref">IRIref</a></span><br />
| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-blank">blank</a></span><br />
| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-literal">literal</a></span></code></td>
</tr>
@@ -1139,9 +1160,9 @@
<td><a id="prod-turtle2-literal" name="prod-turtle2-literal"></a>[<span class="prodNo">13</span>] </td>
<td><code class="production prod">literal</code></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-RDFLiteral">RDFLiteral</a></span><br />
-| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-NumericLiteral">NumericLiteral</a></span><br />
-| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-BooleanLiteral">BooleanLiteral</a></span></code></td>
+<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-RDFLiteral">RDFLiteral</a></span><br />
+| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-NumericLiteral">NumericLiteral</a></span><br />
+| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-BooleanLiteral">BooleanLiteral</a></span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1150,7 +1171,7 @@
<td><a id="prod-turtle2-blank" name="prod-turtle2-blank"></a>[<span class="prodNo">14</span>] </td>
<td><code class="production prod">blank</code></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-BlankNode">BlankNode</a></span><br />
+<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-BlankNode">BlankNode</a></span><br />
| "[" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-predicateObjectList">predicateObjectList</a></span> "]"<br />
| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-collection">collection</a></span></code></td>
</tr>
@@ -1170,7 +1191,7 @@
<td><a id="prod-turtle2-RDFLiteral" name="prod-turtle2-RDFLiteral"></a>[<span class="prodNo">16</span>] </td>
<td><code class="production prod">RDFLiteral</code></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-String">String</a></span> (( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-LANGTAG">LANGTAG</a></span> | ( "^^" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-IRIref">IRIref</a></span> ) ))?</code></td>
+<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-String">String</a></span> (( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-LANGTAG">LANGTAG</a></span> | ( "^^" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-IRIref">IRIref</a></span> ) ))?</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1179,9 +1200,9 @@
<td><a id="prod-turtle2-NumericLiteral" name="prod-turtle2-NumericLiteral"></a>[<span class="prodNo">17</span>] </td>
<td><code class="production prod">NumericLiteral</code></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-NumericLiteralUnsigned">NumericLiteralUnsigned</a></span><br />
-| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-NumericLiteralPositive">NumericLiteralPositive</a></span><br />
-| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-NumericLiteralNegative">NumericLiteralNegative</a></span></code></td>
+<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-NumericLiteralUnsigned">NumericLiteralUnsigned</a></span><br />
+| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-NumericLiteralPositive">NumericLiteralPositive</a></span><br />
+| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-NumericLiteralNegative">NumericLiteralNegative</a></span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1190,9 +1211,9 @@
<td><a id="prod-turtle2-NumericLiteralUnsigned" name="prod-turtle2-NumericLiteralUnsigned"></a>[<span class="prodNo">18</span>] </td>
<td><code class="production prod">NumericLiteralUnsigned</code></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-INTEGER">INTEGER</a></span><br />
-| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-DECIMAL">DECIMAL</a></span><br />
-| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-DOUBLE">DOUBLE</a></span></code></td>
+<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-INTEGER">INTEGER</a></span><br />
+| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-DECIMAL">DECIMAL</a></span><br />
+| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-DOUBLE">DOUBLE</a></span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1201,9 +1222,9 @@
<td><a id="prod-turtle2-NumericLiteralPositive" name="prod-turtle2-NumericLiteralPositive"></a>[<span class="prodNo">19</span>] </td>
<td><code class="production prod">NumericLiteralPositive</code></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-INTEGER_POSITIVE">INTEGER_POSITIVE</a></span><br />
-| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-DECIMAL_POSITIVE">DECIMAL_POSITIVE</a></span><br />
-| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-DOUBLE_POSITIVE">DOUBLE_POSITIVE</a></span></code></td>
+<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-INTEGER_POSITIVE">INTEGER_POSITIVE</a></span><br />
+| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-DECIMAL_POSITIVE">DECIMAL_POSITIVE</a></span><br />
+| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-DOUBLE_POSITIVE">DOUBLE_POSITIVE</a></span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1212,9 +1233,9 @@
<td><a id="prod-turtle2-NumericLiteralNegative" name="prod-turtle2-NumericLiteralNegative"></a>[<span class="prodNo">20</span>] </td>
<td><code class="production prod">NumericLiteralNegative</code></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-INTEGER_NEGATIVE">INTEGER_NEGATIVE</a></span><br />
-| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-DECIMAL_NEGATIVE">DECIMAL_NEGATIVE</a></span><br />
-| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-DOUBLE_NEGATIVE">DOUBLE_NEGATIVE</a></span></code></td>
+<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-INTEGER_NEGATIVE">INTEGER_NEGATIVE</a></span><br />
+| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-DECIMAL_NEGATIVE">DECIMAL_NEGATIVE</a></span><br />
+| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-DOUBLE_NEGATIVE">DOUBLE_NEGATIVE</a></span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1233,10 +1254,10 @@
<td><a id="prod-turtle2-String" name="prod-turtle2-String"></a>[<span class="prodNo">22</span>] </td>
<td><code class="production prod">String</code></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL1">STRING_LITERAL1</a></span><br />
-| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL2">STRING_LITERAL2</a></span><br />
-| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL_LONG1">STRING_LITERAL_LONG1</a></span><br />
-| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL_LONG2">STRING_LITERAL_LONG2</a></span></code></td>
+<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL1">STRING_LITERAL1</a></span><br />
+| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL2">STRING_LITERAL2</a></span><br />
+| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL_LONG1">STRING_LITERAL_LONG1</a></span><br />
+| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL_LONG2">STRING_LITERAL_LONG2</a></span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1245,8 +1266,8 @@
<td><a id="prod-turtle2-IRIref" name="prod-turtle2-IRIref"></a>[<span class="prodNo">23</span>] </td>
<td><code class="production prod">IRIref</code></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-IRI_REF">IRI_REF</a></span><br />
-| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-PrefixedName">PrefixedName</a></span></code></td>
+<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-IRI_REF">IRI_REF</a></span><br />
+| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-PrefixedName">PrefixedName</a></span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1255,8 +1276,8 @@
<td><a id="prod-turtle2-PrefixedName" name="prod-turtle2-PrefixedName"></a>[<span class="prodNo">24</span>] </td>
<td><code class="production prod">PrefixedName</code></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-PNAME_LN">PNAME_LN</a></span><br />
-| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-PNAME_NS">PNAME_NS</a></span></code></td>
+<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-PNAME_LN">PNAME_LN</a></span><br />
+| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-PNAME_NS">PNAME_NS</a></span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1265,8 +1286,8 @@
<td><a id="prod-turtle2-BlankNode" name="prod-turtle2-BlankNode"></a>[<span class="prodNo">25</span>] </td>
<td><code class="production prod">BlankNode</code></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-BLANK_NODE_LABEL">BLANK_NODE_LABEL</a></span><br />
-| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-ANON">ANON</a></span></code></td>
+<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-BLANK_NODE_LABEL">BLANK_NODE_LABEL</a></span><br />
+| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-ANON">ANON</a></span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1293,7 +1314,7 @@
<td><a id="term-turtle2-IRI_REF" name="term-turtle2-IRI_REF"></a>[<span class="prodNo">28</span>] </td>
<td><<code class="production term">IRI_REF</code>></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content">"<" (( [^<>\"{}|^`\\] - [#0000- ] ) | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-UCHAR">UCHAR</a></span> )* ">"</code></td>
+<td><code class="content">"<" (( [^<>\"{}|^`\\] - [#0000- ] ) | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-UCHAR">UCHAR</a></span> )* ">"</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1302,7 +1323,7 @@
<td><a id="term-turtle2-PNAME_NS" name="term-turtle2-PNAME_NS"></a>[<span class="prodNo">29</span>] </td>
<td><<code class="production term">PNAME_NS</code>></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content">(<span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-PN_PREFIX">PN_PREFIX</a></span>)? ":"</code></td>
+<td><code class="content">(<span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-PN_PREFIX">PN_PREFIX</a></span>)? ":"</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1311,7 +1332,7 @@
<td><a id="term-turtle2-PNAME_LN" name="term-turtle2-PNAME_LN"></a>[<span class="prodNo">30</span>] </td>
<td><<code class="production term">PNAME_LN</code>></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-PNAME_NS">PNAME_NS</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-PN_LOCAL">PN_LOCAL</a></span></code></td>
+<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-PNAME_NS">PNAME_NS</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-PN_LOCAL">PN_LOCAL</a></span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1320,7 +1341,7 @@
<td><a id="term-turtle2-BLANK_NODE_LABEL" name="term-turtle2-BLANK_NODE_LABEL"></a>[<span class="prodNo">31</span>] </td>
<td><<code class="production term">BLANK_NODE_LABEL</code>></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content">"_:" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-PN_LOCAL">PN_LOCAL</a></span></code></td>
+<td><code class="content">"_:" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-PN_LOCAL">PN_LOCAL</a></span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1329,7 +1350,7 @@
<td><a id="term-turtle2-VAR1" name="term-turtle2-VAR1"></a>[<span class="prodNo">32</span>] </td>
<td><<code class="production term">VAR1</code>></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content">"?" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-VARNAME">VARNAME</a></span></code></td>
+<td><code class="content">"?" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-VARNAME">VARNAME</a></span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1338,7 +1359,7 @@
<td><a id="term-turtle2-VAR2" name="term-turtle2-VAR2"></a>[<span class="prodNo">33</span>] </td>
<td><<code class="production term">VAR2</code>></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content">"$" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-VARNAME">VARNAME</a></span></code></td>
+<td><code class="content">"$" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-VARNAME">VARNAME</a></span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1347,8 +1368,8 @@
<td><a id="term-turtle2-LANGTAG" name="term-turtle2-LANGTAG"></a>[<span class="prodNo">34</span>] </td>
<td><<code class="production term">LANGTAG</code>></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-BASE">BASE</a></span><br />
-| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-PREFIX">PREFIX</a></span><br />
+<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-BASE">BASE</a></span><br />
+| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-PREFIX">PREFIX</a></span><br />
| "@" ([a-zA-Z])+ (( "-" ([a-zA-Z0-9])+ ))*</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1377,9 +1398,9 @@
<td><a id="term-turtle2-DOUBLE" name="term-turtle2-DOUBLE"></a>[<span class="prodNo">37</span>] </td>
<td><<code class="production term">DOUBLE</code>></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content">([0-9])+ "." ([0-9])* <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-EXPONENT">EXPONENT</a></span><br />
-| "." (( [0-9] ))+ <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-EXPONENT">EXPONENT</a></span><br />
-| (( [0-9] ))+ <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-EXPONENT">EXPONENT</a></span></code></td>
+<td><code class="content">([0-9])+ "." ([0-9])* <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-EXPONENT">EXPONENT</a></span><br />
+| "." (( [0-9] ))+ <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-EXPONENT">EXPONENT</a></span><br />
+| (( [0-9] ))+ <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-EXPONENT">EXPONENT</a></span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1388,7 +1409,7 @@
<td><a id="term-turtle2-INTEGER_POSITIVE" name="term-turtle2-INTEGER_POSITIVE"></a>[<span class="prodNo">38</span>] </td>
<td><<code class="production term">INTEGER_POSITIVE</code>></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content">"+" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-INTEGER">INTEGER</a></span></code></td>
+<td><code class="content">"+" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-INTEGER">INTEGER</a></span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1397,7 +1418,7 @@
<td><a id="term-turtle2-DECIMAL_POSITIVE" name="term-turtle2-DECIMAL_POSITIVE"></a>[<span class="prodNo">39</span>] </td>
<td><<code class="production term">DECIMAL_POSITIVE</code>></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content">"+" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-DECIMAL">DECIMAL</a></span></code></td>
+<td><code class="content">"+" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-DECIMAL">DECIMAL</a></span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1406,7 +1427,7 @@
<td><a id="term-turtle2-DOUBLE_POSITIVE" name="term-turtle2-DOUBLE_POSITIVE"></a>[<span class="prodNo">40</span>] </td>
<td><<code class="production term">DOUBLE_POSITIVE</code>></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content">"+" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-DOUBLE">DOUBLE</a></span></code></td>
+<td><code class="content">"+" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-DOUBLE">DOUBLE</a></span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1415,7 +1436,7 @@
<td><a id="term-turtle2-INTEGER_NEGATIVE" name="term-turtle2-INTEGER_NEGATIVE"></a>[<span class="prodNo">41</span>] </td>
<td><<code class="production term">INTEGER_NEGATIVE</code>></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content">"-" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-INTEGER">INTEGER</a></span></code></td>
+<td><code class="content">"-" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-INTEGER">INTEGER</a></span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1424,7 +1445,7 @@
<td><a id="term-turtle2-DECIMAL_NEGATIVE" name="term-turtle2-DECIMAL_NEGATIVE"></a>[<span class="prodNo">42</span>] </td>
<td><<code class="production term">DECIMAL_NEGATIVE</code>></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content">"-" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-DECIMAL">DECIMAL</a></span></code></td>
+<td><code class="content">"-" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-DECIMAL">DECIMAL</a></span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1433,7 +1454,7 @@
<td><a id="term-turtle2-DOUBLE_NEGATIVE" name="term-turtle2-DOUBLE_NEGATIVE"></a>[<span class="prodNo">43</span>] </td>
<td><<code class="production term">DOUBLE_NEGATIVE</code>></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content">"-" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-DOUBLE">DOUBLE</a></span></code></td>
+<td><code class="content">"-" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-DOUBLE">DOUBLE</a></span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1451,7 +1472,7 @@
<td><a id="term-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL1" name="term-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL1"></a>[<span class="prodNo">45</span>] </td>
<td><<code class="production term">STRING_LITERAL1</code>></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content">"'" (( ( [^'\\\n\r] ) | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-ECHAR">ECHAR</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-UCHAR">UCHAR</a></span> ))* "'"</code></td>
+<td><code class="content">"'" (( ( [^'\\\n\r] ) | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-ECHAR">ECHAR</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-UCHAR">UCHAR</a></span> ))* "'"</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1460,7 +1481,7 @@
<td><a id="term-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL2" name="term-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL2"></a>[<span class="prodNo">46</span>] </td>
<td><<code class="production term">STRING_LITERAL2</code>></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content">'"' (( ( [^\"\\\n\r] ) | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-ECHAR">ECHAR</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-UCHAR">UCHAR</a></span> ))* '"'</code></td>
+<td><code class="content">'"' (( ( [^\"\\\n\r] ) | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-ECHAR">ECHAR</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-UCHAR">UCHAR</a></span> ))* '"'</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1469,7 +1490,7 @@
<td><a id="term-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL_LONG1" name="term-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL_LONG1"></a>[<span class="prodNo">47</span>] </td>
<td><<code class="production term">STRING_LITERAL_LONG1</code>></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content">"'''" (( (( "'" | "''" ))? ( [^'\\] | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-ECHAR">ECHAR</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-UCHAR">UCHAR</a></span> ) ))* "'''"</code></td>
+<td><code class="content">"'''" (( (( "'" | "''" ))? ( [^'\\] | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-ECHAR">ECHAR</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-UCHAR">UCHAR</a></span> ) ))* "'''"</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1478,7 +1499,7 @@
<td><a id="term-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL_LONG2" name="term-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL_LONG2"></a>[<span class="prodNo">48</span>] </td>
<td><<code class="production term">STRING_LITERAL_LONG2</code>></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content">'"""' (( (( '"' | '""' ))? ( [^\"\\] | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-ECHAR">ECHAR</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-UCHAR">UCHAR</a></span> ) ))* '"""'</code></td>
+<td><code class="content">'"""' (( (( '"' | '""' ))? ( [^\"\\] | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-ECHAR">ECHAR</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-UCHAR">UCHAR</a></span> ) ))* '"""'</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1506,7 +1527,7 @@
<td><a id="term-turtle2-NIL" name="term-turtle2-NIL"></a>[<span class="prodNo">50</span>] </td>
<td><<code class="production term">NIL</code>></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content">"(" (<span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-WS">WS</a></span>)* ")"</code></td>
+<td><code class="content">"(" (<span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-WS">WS</a></span>)* ")"</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1527,7 +1548,7 @@
<td><a id="term-turtle2-ANON" name="term-turtle2-ANON"></a>[<span class="prodNo">52</span>] </td>
<td><<code class="production term">ANON</code>></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content">"[" (<span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-WS">WS</a></span>)* "]"</code></td>
+<td><code class="content">"[" (<span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-WS">WS</a></span>)* "]"</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1550,7 +1571,7 @@
| [#F900-#FDCF]<br />
| [#FDF0-#FFFD]<br />
| [#10000-#EFFFF]<br />
-| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-UCHAR">UCHAR</a></span></code></td>
+| <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-UCHAR">UCHAR</a></span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1559,7 +1580,7 @@
<td><a id="term-turtle2-PN_CHARS_U" name="term-turtle2-PN_CHARS_U"></a>[<span class="prodNo">54</span>] </td>
<td><<code class="production term">PN_CHARS_U</code>></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-PN_CHARS_BASE">PN_CHARS_BASE</a></span><br />
+<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-PN_CHARS_BASE">PN_CHARS_BASE</a></span><br />
| "_"</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1569,7 +1590,7 @@
<td><a id="term-turtle2-VARNAME" name="term-turtle2-VARNAME"></a>[<span class="prodNo">55</span>] </td>
<td><<code class="production term">VARNAME</code>></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-PN_CHARS_U">PN_CHARS_U</a></span> | [0-9] ) (( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-PN_CHARS_U">PN_CHARS_U</a></span> | [0-9] | #00B7 | [#0300-#036F] | [#203F-#2040] ))*</code></td>
+<td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-PN_CHARS_U">PN_CHARS_U</a></span> | [0-9] ) (( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-PN_CHARS_U">PN_CHARS_U</a></span> | [0-9] | #00B7 | [#0300-#036F] | [#203F-#2040] ))*</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1578,7 +1599,7 @@
<td><a id="term-turtle2-PN_CHARS" name="term-turtle2-PN_CHARS"></a>[<span class="prodNo">56</span>] </td>
<td><<code class="production term">PN_CHARS</code>></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-PN_CHARS_U">PN_CHARS_U</a></span><br />
+<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-PN_CHARS_U">PN_CHARS_U</a></span><br />
| "-"<br />
| [0-9]<br />
| #00B7<br />
@@ -1592,7 +1613,7 @@
<td><a id="term-turtle2-PN_PREFIX" name="term-turtle2-PN_PREFIX"></a>[<span class="prodNo">57</span>] </td>
<td><<code class="production term">PN_PREFIX</code>></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-PN_CHARS_BASE">PN_CHARS_BASE</a></span> (( (( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-PN_CHARS">PN_CHARS</a></span> | "." ))* <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-PN_CHARS">PN_CHARS</a></span> ))?</code></td>
+<td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-PN_CHARS_BASE">PN_CHARS_BASE</a></span> (( (( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-PN_CHARS">PN_CHARS</a></span> | "." ))* <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-PN_CHARS">PN_CHARS</a></span> ))?</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1601,7 +1622,7 @@
<td><a id="term-turtle2-PN_LOCAL" name="term-turtle2-PN_LOCAL"></a>[<span class="prodNo">58</span>] </td>
<td><<code class="production term">PN_LOCAL</code>></td>
<td> ::= </td>
-<td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-PN_CHARS_U">PN_CHARS_U</a></span> | [0-9] ) (( (( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-PN_CHARS">PN_CHARS</a></span> | "." ))* <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-turtle2-PN_CHARS">PN_CHARS</a></span> ))?</code></td>
+<td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-PN_CHARS_U">PN_CHARS_U</a></span> | [0-9] ) (( (( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-PN_CHARS">PN_CHARS</a></span> | "." ))* <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#term-turtle2-PN_CHARS">PN_CHARS</a></span> ))?</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@@ -1623,12 +1644,12 @@
<!-- OddPage -->
<h2><span class="secno">5. </span>Parsing</h2>
- <p>The <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/">RDF Concepts and Abstract Syntax</a> ([<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">RDF-CONCEPTS</a></cite>]) specification defines three types of <em>RDF Term</em>:
+ <p>The <a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html">RDF Concepts and Abstract Syntax</a> ([<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">RDF-CONCEPTS</a></cite>]) specification defines three types of <em>RDF Term</em>:
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#dfn-URI-reference">RDF URI References</a> (here called IRIs),
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#dfn-literal">literals</a> and
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#dfn-blank-node">blank nodes</a>.
- Literals are composed of a <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/#dfn-lexical-form">lexical form</a> and an optional <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#dfn-language-identifier">language tag</a> or datatype IRI.
+ <a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-iri">RDF URI References</a> (here called IRIs),
+ <a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-literal">literals</a> and
+ <a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-blank-node">blank nodes</a>.
+ Literals are composed of a <a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-lexical-form">lexical form</a> and an optional <a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-language-identifier">language tag</a> or datatype IRI.
An extra type, <code class="dfn" id="prefix">prefix</code>, is used during parsing to map string identifiers to namespace IRIs.
@@ -1637,7 +1658,7 @@
<!-- This set is listed in <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#docTerminology">SPARQL §1.2.4</a>. -->
- This section maps a string conforming to the grammar in <a href="#sec-grammar-grammar">section 4.4</a> to a set of triples by mapping this strings matching productions and lexical tokens to these RDF terms or their components (e.g. language tags, lexical forms of literals). Some productions change the parser state (base or prefix declarations).</p>
+ This section maps a string conforming to the grammar in <a href="#sec-grammar-grammar">section 4.4</a> to a set of triples by mapping strings matching productions and lexical tokens to RDF terms or their components (e.g. language tags, lexical forms of literals). Some productions change the parser state (base or prefix declarations).</p>
<div id="sec-parsing-state" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#sec-parsing-state" class="section">
<h3><span class="secno">5.1 </span>Parser State</h3>
@@ -1650,7 +1671,7 @@
<!-- a href="tests/#escapedPrefix1">escapedPrefix1</a -->
<a href="tests/#escapedNamespace1">escapedNamespace1</a>)</span>. Note that the prefix may be an empty string, per the <code>PNAME_NS,</code> production: <code>(PN_PREFIX)? ":"</code> <span class="testrefs">(test: <a href="tests/#default1">default1</a>)</span>.</li>
- <li id="bnodeLabels">Map[<a class="type string">string</a> -> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#dfn-blank-node">blank node</a>] <code class="dfn">bnodeLabels</code> — A mapping from string to blank node label.</li>
+ <li id="bnodeLabels">Map[<a class="type string">string</a> -> <a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-blank-node">blank node</a>] <code class="dfn">bnodeLabels</code> — A mapping from string to blank node label.</li>
<li id="curSubject">RDF_Term <code class="dfn">curSubject</code> — The <code class="curSubject">curSubject</code> is bound to the <code><a href="#prod-turtle2-subject">subject</a></code> production.</li>
<li id="curPredicate">RDF_Term <code class="dfn">curPredicate</code> — The <code class="curPredicate">curPredicate</code> is bound to the <code><a href="#prod-turtle2-verb">verb</a></code> production. If token matched was "<code>a</code>", <code class="curPredicate">curPredicate</code> is bound to the IRI <code>http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type</code> <span class="testrefs">(test: <a href="tests/#type">type</a>)</span>.</li>
@@ -1667,39 +1688,39 @@
<tr> <th> production </th><th> type </th><th>procedure</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
- <tr id="handle-IRI_REF"><td><a href="#prod-turtle2-IRI_REF" class="type IRI">IRI_REF </a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#dfn-URI-reference"> IRI </a></td><td>The characters between "<" and ">" are <a href="#unescape">unescaped¹</a> to form the unicode string of the IRI. Relative IRI resolution is performed per <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#QSynIRI">SPARQL Query section 4.1.1</a>.</td></tr>
- <tr id="handle-PNAME_NS"><td><a href="#prod-turtle2-PNAME_NS" class="type string">PNAME_NS </a></td><td><a href="#prefix"> prefix </a></td><td>The potentially empty unicode string matching the first argument of the rule is a key into the <a href="#namespaces">namespaces map</a>.</td></tr>
- <tr id="handle-PNAME_LN"><td><a href="#prod-turtle2-PNAME_LN" class="type IRI">PNAME_LN </a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#dfn-URI-reference"> IRI </a></td><td>A <a href="#prefix">prefix</a> is identified by the first argument, <code>PNAME_NS</code>. The <a href="#namespaces">namespaces map</a> has a corresponding <code>namespace</code>. The unicode string of the IRI is formed by concatenating this <code>namespace</code> and the second argument, <code>PN_LOCAL</code>. Relative IRI resolution is performed per <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#QSynIRI">SPARQL Query section 4.1.1</a>.</td></tr>
- <tr id="handle-STRING_LITERAL1"><td><a href="#prod-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL1" class="type lexicalForm">STRING_LITERAL1 </a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/#dfn-lexical-form"> lexical form</a></td><td>The characters between the outermost "'"s are <a href="#unescape">unescaped¹</a> to form the unicode string of a lexical form.</td></tr>
- <tr id="handle-STRING_LITERAL2"><td><a href="#prod-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL2" class="type lexicalForm">STRING_LITERAL2 </a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/#dfn-lexical-form"> lexical form</a></td><td>The characters between the outermost '"'s are <a href="#unescape">unescaped¹</a> to form the unicode string of a lexical form.</td></tr>
- <tr id="handle-STRING_LITERAL_LONG1"><td><a href="#prod-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL_LONG1" class="type lexicalForm">STRING_LITERAL_LONG1 </a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/#dfn-lexical-form"> lexical form</a></td><td>The characters between the outermost "'''"s are <a href="#unescape">unescaped¹</a> to form the unicode string of a lexical form.</td></tr>
- <tr id="handle-STRING_LITERAL_LONG2"><td><a href="#prod-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL_LONG2" class="type lexicalForm">STRING_LITERAL_LONG2 </a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/#dfn-lexical-form"> lexical form</a></td><td>The characters between the outermost '"""'s are <a href="#unescape">unescaped¹</a> to form the unicode string of a lexical form.</td></tr>
- <tr id="handle-LANGTAG"><td><a href="#prod-turtle2-LANGTAG" class="type langTag">LANGTAG </a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#dfn-language-identifier">language tag</a></td><td>The characters following the "@" form the unicode string of the language tag.</td></tr>
- <tr id="handle-RDFLiteral"><td><a href="#prod-turtle2-RDFLiteral" class="type literal">RDFLiteral </a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#dfn-literal"> literal </a></td><td>The literal has a lexical form of the first rule argument (<code>String</code>) and either a language tag of <code>LANGTAG</code> or a datatype URI of <code>URIref</code>, depending on which rule matched the input.</td></tr>
- <tr id="handle-INTEGER"><td><a href="#prod-turtle2-INTEGER" class="type integer">INTEGER </a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#dfn-literal"> literal </a></td><td>The literal has a lexical form of the input string, and a datatype of xsd:integer.</td></tr>
- <tr id="handle-DECIMAL"><td><a href="#prod-turtle2-DECIMAL" class="type decimal">DECIMAL </a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#dfn-literal"> literal </a></td><td>The literal has a lexical form of the input string, and a datatype of xsd:decimal.</td></tr>
- <tr id="handle-DOUBLE"><td><a href="#prod-turtle2-DOUBLE" class="type double">DOUBLE </a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#dfn-literal"> literal </a></td><td>The literal has a lexical form of the input string, and a datatype of xsd:double.</td></tr>
- <tr id="handle-BooleanLiteral"><td><a href="#prod-turtle2-BooleanLiteral" class="type boolean">BooleanLiteral </a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#dfn-literal"> literal </a></td><td>The literal has a lexical form of the "true" or "false", depending on which matched the input, and a datatype of xsd:boolean.</td></tr>
- <tr id="handle-BLANK_NODE_LABEL"><td><a href="#prod-turtle2-BLANK_NODE_LABEL" class="type bNode">BLANK_NODE_LABEL </a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#dfn-blank-node"> blank node </a></td><td>The string matching the second argument, <code>PN_LOCAL</code>, is a key in <a href="#bnodeLabels">bnodeLabels</a>. If there is no corresponding blank node in the map, one is allocated.</td></tr>
- <tr id="handle-ANON"><td><a href="#prod-turtle2-ANON" class="type bNode">ANON </a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#dfn-blank-node"> blank node </a></td><td>A blank node is generated.</td></tr>
- <tr id="handle-blankNodePropertyList"><td><a href="#prod-turtle2-blankNodePropertyList" class="type bNode">blankNodePropertyList</a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#dfn-blank-node"> blank node </a></td><td>A blank node is generated. Note the rules for <code>blankNodePropertyList</code> in the next section.</td></tr>
- <tr id="handle-collection"><td><a href="#prod-turtle2-collection" class="type bNode">collection </a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#dfn-blank-node"> blank node </a></td><td>A blank node is generated. Note the rules for <code>collection</code> in the next section.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-IRI_REF"><td><a href="#term-turtle2-IRI_REF" class="type IRI">IRI_REF </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-iri"> IRI </a></td><td>The characters between "<" and ">" are <a href="#unescape">unescaped¹</a> to form the unicode string of the IRI. Relative IRI resolution is performed per <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#QSynIRI">SPARQL Query section 4.1.1</a>.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-PNAME_NS"><td><a href="#term-turtle2-PNAME_NS" class="type string">PNAME_NS </a></td><td><a href="#prefix"> prefix </a></td><td>The potentially empty unicode string matching the first argument of the rule is a key into the <a href="#namespaces">namespaces map</a>.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-PNAME_LN"><td><a href="#term-turtle2-PNAME_LN" class="type IRI">PNAME_LN </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-iri"> IRI </a></td><td>A <a href="#prefix">prefix</a> is identified by the first argument, <code>PNAME_NS</code>. The <a href="#namespaces">namespaces map</a> has a corresponding <code>namespace</code>. The unicode string of the IRI is formed by concatenating this <code>namespace</code> and the second argument, <code>PN_LOCAL</code>. Relative IRI resolution is performed per <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#QSynIRI">SPARQL Query section 4.1.1</a>.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-STRING_LITERAL1"><td><a href="#term-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL1" class="type lexicalForm">STRING_LITERAL1 </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-lexical-form"> lexical form</a></td><td>The characters between the outermost "'"s are <a href="#unescape">unescaped¹</a> to form the unicode string of a lexical form.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-STRING_LITERAL2"><td><a href="#term-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL2" class="type lexicalForm">STRING_LITERAL2 </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-lexical-form"> lexical form</a></td><td>The characters between the outermost '"'s are <a href="#unescape">unescaped¹</a> to form the unicode string of a lexical form.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-STRING_LITERAL_LONG1"><td><a href="#term-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL_LONG1" class="type lexicalForm">STRING_LITERAL_LONG1 </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-lexical-form"> lexical form</a></td><td>The characters between the outermost "'''"s are <a href="#unescape">unescaped¹</a> to form the unicode string of a lexical form.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-STRING_LITERAL_LONG2"><td><a href="#term-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL_LONG2" class="type lexicalForm">STRING_LITERAL_LONG2 </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-lexical-form"> lexical form</a></td><td>The characters between the outermost '"""'s are <a href="#unescape">unescaped¹</a> to form the unicode string of a lexical form.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-LANGTAG"><td><a href="#term-turtle2-LANGTAG" class="type langTag">LANGTAG </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-language-identifier">language tag</a></td><td>The characters following the "@" form the unicode string of the language tag.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-RDFLiteral"><td><a href="#term-turtle2-RDFLiteral" class="type literal">RDFLiteral </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-literal"> literal </a></td><td>The literal has a lexical form of the first rule argument (<code>String</code>) and either a language tag of <code>LANGTAG</code> or a datatype IRI of <code>IRIref</code>, depending on which rule matched the input.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-INTEGER"><td><a href="#term-turtle2-INTEGER" class="type integer">INTEGER </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-literal"> literal </a></td><td>The literal has a lexical form of the input string, and a datatype of xsd:integer.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-DECIMAL"><td><a href="#term-turtle2-DECIMAL" class="type decimal">DECIMAL </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-literal"> literal </a></td><td>The literal has a lexical form of the input string, and a datatype of xsd:decimal.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-DOUBLE"><td><a href="#term-turtle2-DOUBLE" class="type double">DOUBLE </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-literal"> literal </a></td><td>The literal has a lexical form of the input string, and a datatype of xsd:double.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-BooleanLiteral"><td><a href="#prod-turtle2-BooleanLiteral" class="type boolean">BooleanLiteral </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-literal"> literal </a></td><td>The literal has a lexical form of the "true" or "false", depending on which matched the input, and a datatype of xsd:boolean.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-BLANK_NODE_LABEL"><td><a href="#term-turtle2-BLANK_NODE_LABEL" class="type bNode">BLANK_NODE_LABEL </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-blank-node"> blank node </a></td><td>The string matching the second argument, <code>PN_LOCAL</code>, is a key in <a href="#bnodeLabels">bnodeLabels</a>. If there is no corresponding blank node in the map, one is allocated.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-ANON"><td><a href="#term-turtle2-ANON" class="type bNode">ANON </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-blank-node"> blank node </a></td><td>A blank node is generated.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-blankNodePropertyList"><td><a href="#prod-turtle2-blankNodePropertyList" class="type bNode">blankNodePropertyList</a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-blank-node"> blank node </a></td><td>A blank node is generated. Note the rules for <code>blankNodePropertyList</code> in the next section.</td></tr>
+ <tr id="handle-collection"><td><a href="#prod-turtle2-collection" class="type bNode">collection </a></td><td><a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-blank-node"> blank node </a></td><td>A blank node is generated. Note the rules for <code>collection</code> in the next section.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
- <p><a id="unescape">¹</a> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TeamSubmission/turtle/#sec-strings">Section 3.3</a> defines an mapping from <code>escaped unicode strings</code> to <code>unicode strings</code>. The following lexical tokens are unescaped to produce <code>unicode strings</code>: <a href="#prod-turtle2-IRI_REF" class="type IRI">IRI_REF</a>,
-<!-- <a class="type PNAME_NS" href="#prod-turtle2-PNAME_NS">PNAME_NS</a>, -->
+ <p><a id="unescape">¹</a> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TeamSubmission/turtle/#sec-strings">Section 3.3</a> defines an mapping from <code>escaped unicode strings</code> to <code>unicode strings</code>. The following lexical tokens are unescaped to produce <code>unicode strings</code>: <a href="#term-turtle2-IRI_REF" class="type IRI">IRI_REF</a>,
+<!-- <a class="type PNAME_NS" href="#term-turtle2-PNAME_NS">PNAME_NS</a>, -->
-<!-- <a class="type IRI" href="#prod-turtle2-PNAME_LN">PNAME_LN</a>, -->
-<a href="#prod-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL1" class="type lexicalForm">STRING_LITERAL1</a>, <a href="#prod-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL2" class="type lexicalForm">STRING_LITERAL2</a>, <a href="#prod-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL_LONG1" class="type lexicalForm">STRING_LITERAL_LONG1</a> and <a href="#prod-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL_LONG2" class="type lexicalForm">STRING_LITERAL_LONG2</a>
-<!-- and <a class="type langTag" href="#prod-turtle2-LANGTAG">LANGTAG</a> -->
+<!-- <a class="type IRI" href="#term-turtle2-PNAME_LN">PNAME_LN</a>, -->
+<a href="#term-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL1" class="type lexicalForm">STRING_LITERAL1</a>, <a href="#term-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL2" class="type lexicalForm">STRING_LITERAL2</a>, <a href="#term-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL_LONG1" class="type lexicalForm">STRING_LITERAL_LONG1</a> and <a href="#term-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL_LONG2" class="type lexicalForm">STRING_LITERAL_LONG2</a>
+<!-- and <a class="type langTag" href="#term-turtle2-LANGTAG">LANGTAG</a> -->
-<!-- and <a class="type bNode" href="#prod-turtle2-BLANK_NODE_LABEL">BLANK_NODE_LABEL</a> -->
+<!-- and <a class="type bNode" href="#term-turtle2-BLANK_NODE_LABEL">BLANK_NODE_LABEL</a> -->
.</p>
</div>
<div id="sec-parsing-triples" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#sec-parsing-triples" class="section">
<h3><span class="secno">5.3 </span>RDF Triples Constructors</h3>
- <p>A Turtle document defines an <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#dfn-rdf-graph">RDF graph</a> composed of set of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#dfn-rdf-triple">RDF triple</a>s.
+ <p>A Turtle document defines an <a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-rdf-graph">RDF graph</a> composed of set of <a href="../rdf-concepts/index.html#dfn-rdf-triple">RDF triple</a>s.
Each <a href="#prod-turtle2-object" class="grammarRef" tabindex="30">object</a> <code>N</code> in the document produces an RDF triple: <span class="ntriple"><code class="curSubject">curSubject</code> <code class="curPredicate">curPredicate</code> <code>N</code> .</span>
</p>
@@ -1739,20 +1760,20 @@
<li>Assign <code class="curSubject">curSubject</code> the IRI <code>http://www.w3.org/People/Eric/ericP-foaf.rdf#ericP</code>.</li>
<li>Assign <code class="curPredicate">curPredicate</code> the IRI <code>http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName</code>.</li>
- <li>Emit an RDF triple: <span class="ntriple"><code><...rdf#ericP></code> <code><.../givenName></code> <code>"Eric"</code> .</span></li>
+ <li>Emit an RDF triple: <span class="ntriple"><code><...rdf#ericP></code> <code><.../givenName></code> <code>"Eric"</code> .</span></li>
<li>Assign <code class="curPredicate">curPredicate</code> the IRI <code>http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows</code>.</li>
- <li>Emit an RDF triple: <span class="ntriple"><code><...rdf#ericP></code> <code><.../knows></code> <code><...who/dan-brickley></code> .</span></li>
+ <li>Emit an RDF triple: <span class="ntriple"><code><...rdf#ericP></code> <code><.../knows></code> <code><...who/dan-brickley></code> .</span></li>
- <li>Emit an RDF triple: <span class="ntriple"><code><...rdf#ericP></code> <code><.../knows></code> <code><_:1></code> .</span></li>
- <li>Save <code class="curSubject">curSubject</code> and reassign to the blank node <code><_:1></code>.</li>
+ <li>Emit an RDF triple: <span class="ntriple"><code><...rdf#ericP></code> <code><.../knows></code> <code>_:1</code> .</span></li>
+ <li>Save <code class="curSubject">curSubject</code> and reassign to the blank node <code>_:1</code>.</li>
<li>Save <code class="curPredicate">curPredicate</code>.</li>
<li>Assign <code class="curPredicate">curPredicate</code> the IRI <code>http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/mbox</code>.</li>
- <li>Emit an RDF triple: <span class="ntriple"><code>_:1</code> <code><.../mbox></code> <code><mailto:timbl@w3.org></code> .</span></li>
+ <li>Emit an RDF triple: <span class="ntriple"><code>_:1</code> <code><.../mbox></code> <code><mailto:timbl@w3.org></code> .</span></li>
- <li>Restore <code class="curSubject">curSubject</code> and <code class="curPredicate">curPredicate</code> to their saved values (<code><...rdf#ericP></code>, <code><.../knows></code>).</li>
- <li>Emit an RDF triple: <span class="ntriple"><code><...rdf#ericP></code> <code><.../knows></code> <code><http://getopenid.com/amyvdh></code> .</span></li>
+ <li>Restore <code class="curSubject">curSubject</code> and <code class="curPredicate">curPredicate</code> to their saved values (<code><...rdf#ericP></code>, <code><.../knows></code>).</li>
+ <li>Emit an RDF triple: <span class="ntriple"><code><...rdf#ericP></code> <code><.../knows></code> <code><http://getopenid.com/amyvdh></code> .</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
@@ -1851,7 +1872,7 @@
<!-- OddPage -->
<h2><span class="secno">7. </span>Identifiers for the Turtle Language</h2>
- <p>The URI that identifies the Turtle language is:<br />
+ <p>The IRI that identifies the Turtle language is:<br />
<code>http://www.w3.org/2008/turtle#turtle</code>
</p>
@@ -1908,41 +1929,48 @@
<p>Turtle is related to a number of other languages.</p>
<div class="informative section" id="sec-diff-ntriples" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#sec-diff-ntriples">
<h3><span class="secno">10.1 </span>Turtle compared to N-Triples (Informative)</h3><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
- <p class="note">All of the parts of Turtle that talk about being derived from N-Triples need to change if this document also specifies N-Triples.</p>
- <p>Turtle adds the following syntax to N-Triples:</p>
+
+ <p class="issue"><a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/rdf-wg/track/issues/4">ISSUE-4</a>: A future version of this document is expected to define N-Triples. By default, the RDF WG will specify N-Triples to allow UTF-8 characters in IRIs, literals and blank node identifiers. Readers with an opinion about whether or not N-Triples should be ASCII-only may wish to comment.</p>
+ <p>All N-Triples files are vaild Turtle documents. Turtle adds the following syntax to N-Triples:</p>
<ol>
<li>Whitespace restrictions removed</li>
<li>Text content-encoding changed from ASCII to UTF-8</li>
- <li>Three additional string syntaxes: <a href="#prod-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL2">STRING_LITERAL2</a>, <a href="#prod-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL_LONG1">STRING_LITERAL_LONG1</a>, <a href="#prod-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL_LONG2">STRING_LITERAL_LONG2</a></li>
+ <li>Three additional string syntaxes: <a href="#term-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL2">STRING_LITERAL2</a>, <a href="#term-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL_LONG1">STRING_LITERAL_LONG1</a>, <a href="#term-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL_LONG2">STRING_LITERAL_LONG2</a></li>
<li><code><a href="#term-turtle2-BASE">@base</a></code> directive for setting a base IRI</li>
<li><code><a href="#term-turtle2-PREFIX">@prefix</a></code> directive for assigning namespace prefixes</li>
<li><a href="#prod-turtle2-PrefixedName">Prefixed names</a></li>
<li><a href="#prod-turtle2-objectList">Object lists</a> separated by <code>,</code></li>
<li><a href="#prod-turtle2-predicateObjectList">Predicate object lists</a> separated by <code>;</code></li>
- <li><a href="#prod-turtle2-ANON">Unlabled blank nodes</a> indicated by <code>[]</code></li>
+ <li><a href="#term-turtle2-ANON">Unlabled blank nodes</a> indicated by <code>[]</code></li>
<li><code>rdf:type</code> shorthand <code>a</code></li>
<li><a href="#prod-turtle2-collection">RDF collection constructor</a> bound by <code>()</code>s</li>
- <li><a href="#prod-turtle2-INTEGER">Decimal integer literals</a> of type <code>xsd:integer</code></li>
+ <li><a href="#term-turtle2-INTEGER">Decimal integer literals</a> of type <code>xsd:integer</code></li>
- <li><a href="#prod-turtle2-DECIMAL">Decimal double literals</a> of type <code>xsd:double</code></li>
- <li><a href="#prod-turtle2-DOUBLE">Decimal arbitrary length literals</a> of type <code>xsd:decimal</code></li>
+ <li><a href="#term-turtle2-DECIMAL">Decimal double literals</a> of type <code>xsd:double</code></li>
+ <li><a href="#term-turtle2-DOUBLE">Decimal arbitrary length literals</a> of type <code>xsd:decimal</code></li>
<li><a href="#prod-turtle2-BooleanLiteral">Boolean literals</a> of type <code>xsd:boolean</code></li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="informative section" id="sec-diff-n3" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#sec-diff-n3">
<h3><span class="secno">10.2 </span>Turtle compared to Notation 3 (Informative)</h3><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
- <p>While Notation 3 (<acronym title="Notation 3">N3</acronym>) syntax played a large role in the creation of Turtle
- they are not strictly compatable. There are a number of diffrences in
- escaping, encoding and structure. N3 triples are a superset of RDF triples.
+ <p>Turtle is similar to and inspired by the more powerful Notation 3 (<acronym title="Notation 3">N3</acronym>).
+ Please see the most recent Notation3 specification for comparison with Turtle.
+
+<!--
+ While the syntax played a role in the creation of Turtle
+ they are not strictly compatible. There are a number of differences in
+ escaping, encoding and structure. N3 triples are a superset of RDF triples.
In particular, N3 formulae (graphs) may be the subject or object of N3 triples.
For example here, the formula with <code>_:Bob a foaf:Person</code> is the object of another arc:</p>
- <pre>
-_:Bob ex:said { _:Bob a foaf:Person } .</pre>
+ <pre>_:Bob ex:said { _:Bob a foaf:Person } .</pre>
+
+ <p>In addition, Literals are allowed in the subject position. For example:</p>
+ <pre>"Bob" ex:said "Hi Bob" .</pre>
<p>Following is a partial list of syntactic features in N3 which are not in Turtle:</p>
@@ -1952,14 +1980,16 @@
<li>paths like <code>:a.:b.:c</code> and <code>:a^:b^:c</code></li>
<li><code>@keywords</code></li>
- <li><code>=></code> implies</li>
+ <li><code>=></code> implies</li>
<li><code>=</code> equivalence</li>
<li><code>@forAll</code></li>
<li><code>@forSome</code></li>
- <li><=</li>
+ <li><=</li>
</ol>
- </div>
+ -->
+
+ </p></div>
<div class="informative section" id="sec-diff-rdfxml" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#sec-diff-rdfxml">
<h3><span class="secno">10.3 </span>Turtle compared to RDF/XML (Informative)</h3><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
<p>
@@ -1973,21 +2003,21 @@
<div class="informative section" id="sec-diff-sparql" typeof="bibo:Chapter" about="#sec-diff-sparql">
<h3><span class="secno">10.4 </span>Turtle compared to SPARQL (Informative)</h3><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
- <p>The <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115/">SPARQL Query Language for RDF</a> (<acronym title="SPARQL Protocol And RDF Query Language">SPARQL</acronym>) [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-SPARQL-QUERY">RDF-SPARQL-QUERY</a></cite>] uses a Turtle/N3 style syntax for its <a href="../../../2009/sparql/docs/query-1.1/rq25#rTriplesBlock">TriplesBlock production</a>.
- This production differs from the Turtle langage in that:
+ <p>The <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/">SPARQL Query Language for RDF</a> (<acronym title="SPARQL Protocol And RDF Query Language">SPARQL</acronym>) [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-SPARQL-QUERY">RDF-SPARQL-QUERY</a></cite>] uses a Turtle style syntax for its <a href=".http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/#rTriplesBlock">TriplesBlock production</a>.
+ This production differs from the Turtle language in that:
</p>
<ol>
- <li>SPARQL permits RDF Literals as the subject of RDF triples (per <a href="../../../2009/sparql/docs/query-1.1/rq25#rGraphTerm">editor's draft</a>)</li>
+ <li>SPARQL permits RDF Literals as the subject of RDF triples (per <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/#rGraphTerm">Last Call draft</a>)</li>
<li>SPARQL permits variables (<code>?</code><em>name</em> or <code>$</code><em>name</em>) in any part of the triple of the form</li>
- <li>Turtle allows <a href="#prod-turtle2-directive">prefix and base declarations</a> anywhere outside of a triple. In SPARQL, they are only allowed in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPrologue">Prologue</a> (at the start of the SPARQL query).</li>
+ <li>Turtle allows <a href="#prod-turtle2-directive">prefix and base declarations</a> anywhere outside of a triple. In SPARQL, they are only allowed in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/#rPrologue">Prologue</a> (at the start of the SPARQL query).</li>
</ol>
<p>For further information see the
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115/#QSynIRI">Syntax for IRIs</a>
- and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115/#grammar">SPARQL Grammar</a>
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/#QSynIRI">Syntax for IRIs</a>
+ and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/#grammar">SPARQL Grammar</a>
sections of the SPARQL query document [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-SPARQL-QUERY">RDF-SPARQL-QUERY</a></cite>].
</p>
</div>
@@ -2026,7 +2056,7 @@
<dd>The syntax of Turtle is expressed over code points in Unicode [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-UNICODE">UNICODE</a></cite>]. The encoding is always UTF-8 [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-UTF-8">UTF-8</a></cite>].</dd>
<dd>Unicode code points may also be expressed using an \uXXXX (U+0 to U+FFFF) or \UXXXXXXXX syntax (for U+10000 onwards) where X is a hexadecimal digit [0-9A-F]</dd>
<dt>Security considerations:</dt>
- <dd>Turtle is a general-purpose assertion language; applications may evaluate given data to infer more assertions or to dereference URIs, invoking the security considerations of the scheme for that URI. Note in particular, the privacy issues in [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3023">RFC3023</a></cite>] section 10 for HTTP URIs. Data obtained from an inaccurate or malicious data source may lead to inaccurate or misleading conclusions, as well as the dereferencing of unintended URIs. Care must be taken to align the trust in consulted resources with the sensitivity of the intended use of the data; inferences of potential medical treatments would likely require different trust than inferences for trip planning.</dd>
+ <dd>Turtle is a general-purpose assertion language; applications may evaluate given data to infer more assertions or to dereference IRIs, invoking the security considerations of the scheme for that IRI. Note in particular, the privacy issues in [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3023">RFC3023</a></cite>] section 10 for HTTP IRIs. Data obtained from an inaccurate or malicious data source may lead to inaccurate or misleading conclusions, as well as the dereferencing of unintended IRIs. Care must be taken to align the trust in consulted resources with the sensitivity of the intended use of the data; inferences of potential medical treatments would likely require different trust than inferences for trip planning.</dd>
<dd>Turtle is used to express arbitrary application data; security considerations will vary by domain of use. Security tools and protocols applicable to text (e.g. PGP encryption, MD5 sum validation, password-protected compression) may also be used on Turtle documents. Security/privacy protocols must be imposed which reflect the sensitivity of the embedded information.</dd>
<dd>Turtle can express data which is presented to the user, for example, RDF Schema labels. Application rendering strings retrieved from untrusted Turtle documents must ensure that malignant strings may not be used to mislead the reader. The security considerations in the media type registration for XML ([<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3023">RFC3023</a></cite>] section 10) provide additional guidance around the expression of arbitrary data and markup.</dd>
@@ -2070,12 +2100,12 @@
<dd>".ttl"</dd>
<dt>Base URI:</dt>
- <dd>The Turtle '@base <IRIref>' term can change the current base URI for relative IRIrefs in the query language that are used sequentially later in the document.</dd>
+ <dd>The Turtle '@base <IRIref>' term can change the current base URI for relative IRIrefs in the query language that are used sequentially later in the document.</dd>
<dt>Macintosh file type code(s):</dt>
<dd>"TEXT"</dd>
- <dt>Person & email address to contact for further information:</dt>
+ <dt>Person & email address to contact for further information:</dt>
- <dd>Eric Prud'hommeaux <eric@w3.org></dd>
+ <dd>Eric Prud'hommeaux <eric@w3.org></dd>
<dt>Intended usage:</dt>
<dd>COMMON</dd>
<dt>Restrictions on usage:</dt>
@@ -2120,7 +2150,7 @@
<ul>
- <li>Adopted three additional string syntaxes from SPARQL: <a href="#prod-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL2">STRING_LITERAL2</a>, <a href="#prod-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL_LONG1">STRING_LITERAL_LONG1</a>, <a href="#prod-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL_LONG2">STRING_LITERAL_LONG2</a></li>
+ <li>Adopted three additional string syntaxes from SPARQL: <a href="#term-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL2">STRING_LITERAL2</a>, <a href="#term-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL_LONG1">STRING_LITERAL_LONG1</a>, <a href="#term-turtle2-STRING_LITERAL_LONG2">STRING_LITERAL_LONG2</a></li>
<li>Adopted case-independent constants for XSD booleans <code>true</code> and <code>false</code>.</li>
<li>Adopted SPARQL's syntax for prefixed names (see <a href="../../../2009/sparql/docs/query-1.1/rq25#rPrefixedName">editor's draft</a>):