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<section id='abstract'>
<p> The PROV Ontology Model (also PROV ontology) encodes the PROV Data Model [[PROV-DM]] in the OWL2 Web Ontology Language (OWL2). The PROV ontology consists of a set of classes, properties, and restrictions that can be used to represent provenance information. The PROV ontology is specialized to create domain-specific provenance ontologies that model the provenance information specific to different applications. The PROV ontology supports a set of entailments based on OWL2 formal semantics and provenance specific inference rules. The PROV ontology is available for download as a separate OWL2 document.</p>
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+<p>TODO: MUST include at least one customized paragraph. This section SHOULD include the title page date (i.e., the one next to the maturity level at the top of the document). These paragraphs SHOULD explain the publication context, including rationale and relationships to other work. See examples and more discussion in the Manual of Style.<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/06/manual/#Status">TODO</a></p>
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<section>
<h2>Introduction</h2>
<p>
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NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
[[!RFC2119]].</p>
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<section>
<h3>Guide to this Document</h3>
<p> This document is intended for provide an understanding of the PROV ontology and how it can be used by various applications to represent their provenance information. The intended audience of this document include users who are new to provenance modeling as well experienced users who would like their provenance model compatible with the PROV ontology to facilitate standardization.This document assumes a basic understanding of the W3C OWL2 specification , including modeling of classes, properties, and restrictions in an OWL2 ontology. Readers are referred to the OWL2 documentations, starting with the [[!OWL2-PRIMER]], for the OWL2 specification.
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<p><a href="#prov-ontology--owl-encoding-of-prov-data-model">Section 2</a> describes the mapping of the PROV Data Model [[PROV-DM]] to the PROV ontology. <a href="#specializing-provenance-ontology-for-domain-specific-provenance-applications">Section 3</a> introduces the classes and properties of the PROV ontology. <a href="#specializing-provenance-ontology-for-domain-specific-provenance-applications">Section 4</a> describes the approach used to specialize the PROV ontology create a domain specific ontology for an example <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/ProvenanceModel.html#a-file-scenario">provenance scenario</a> introduced in the PROV Data Model [[PROV-DM]]. The PROV ontology supports a set of provenance entailments and these are described in <a href="#entailments-supported-by-the-provenance-model">Section 5</a>.
</p>
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+ </section> <!-- Introduction -->
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<section>
<h2>PROV Ontology</h2>
<p> The PROV Data Model [[PROV-DM]] introduces a minimal set of concepts to represent provenance information in a variety of application domains. This document maps the PROV Data Model to PROV Ontology using the OWL2 ontology language, which facilitates a fixed interpretation and use of the PROV Data Model concepts based on the formal semantics of OWL2 [[!OWL2-DIRECT-SEMANTICS]] [[!OWL2-RDF-BASED-SEMANTICS]].
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</p>
<p>The PROV Data Model document [[PROV-DM]] introduces an example <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/ProvenanceModel.html#a-file-scenario"> provenance scenario </a> describing the creation of crime statistics file stored on a shared file system and edited by journalists Alice, Bob, Charles, David, and Edith. This scenario is used as a running example in this document to describe the PROV ontology classes and properties, the specialization mechanism and entailments supported by the PROV ontology.
</p>
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<section>
<h3>OWL2 Syntax Used in this Document</h3>
<p>We use the RDF/XML syntax, which is the mandatory syntax supported by all OWL2 syntax [[!OWL2-PRIMER]] to represent the PROV ontology. The OWL2 document for the PROV ontology is available at [[PROV-Ontology-Namespace]], which is also the default namespace for PROV ontology and is denoted by "PROV".
</p>
</section>
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+ </section> <!-- PROV Ontology -->
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<section>
<h2>PROV Ontology: Classes and Properties</h2>
<p> We now introduce the classes and properties that constitute the PROV ontology. We first give a textual description of each ontology term, followed by OWL2 syntax representing the ontology term and an example use of the term in the <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/ProvenanceModel.html#a-file-scenario">provenance scenario</a>.
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<div class='issue'>How is domain specific data combined with the provenance model? This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/65">ISSUE-65</a>.</div>
<div class='issue'>Definition of Entity is confusing, maybe over-complex <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/85">ISSUE-85</a>.</div>
- </section>
+ </section> <!-- Classes -->
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<section>
<h4>ProcessExecution</h4>
<div><b>Class Description</b></div>
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<div class='note'> pe2 is an instance of class EmailProcessExecution, which is defined to be "sub-class" of class ProcessExecution in the CrimeFile ontology. Hence, using standard RDFS entailment allows us to infer that pe2 is also an instance of ProcessExecution.
</div>
</section>
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<section>
<h4>Agent</h4>
<div><b>Class Description</b></div>
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<div class='note'> Similar to example for Entity, both Alice and Edith are instances of class Journalist, which is defined to be "sub-class" of class Agent in the CrimeFile ontology. Hence, using standard RDFS entailment allows us to infer that both Alice and Edith are also instances of Agent.
</div>
</section>
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<section>
<h4>Recipe</h4>
<div><b>Class Description</b></div>
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<div><b>Example</b></div>
<p> Recipe examples include backing recipes, programs and workflows.
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<section>
<h4>Time</h4>
<div><b>Class Description</b></div>
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</pre>
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<section>
<h4>Revision</h4>
<div><b>Class Description</b></div>
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<pre>PROV:Revision rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing.</pre>
<div class='issue'>Revision should be a class not a property. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/48">ISSUE-48</a>.</div>
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<section>
<h4>ProvenanceContainer</h4>
<div><b>Class Description</b></div>
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<div class='issue'>Asserter needs to be defined. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/51">ISSUE-51</a>.</div>
<div class='issue'>Scope and Identifiers. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/81">ISSUE-81</a>.</div>
</section>
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<section>
<h4>Location</h4>
<div><b>Class Description</b></div>
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</div>
<div class='note'> Need to clarify whether "geographic" includes "geospatial"?</div>
</section>
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<section>
<h4>EntityInRole</h4>
<div><b>Class Description</b></div>
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</pre>
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</section>
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<div class='issue'>The PROV-DM defines the term <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/ProvenanceModel.html#expression-qualifier">Qualifier</a>, which is incorporated implicitly in definition of OWL sub-classes and sub-properties that specialize a parent class or property by defining additional qualifying constraints. Hence, <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/ProvenanceModel.html#expression-qualifier">Qualifier</a> is not modeled explicitly in PROV ontology.</div>
</section>
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delete it!
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