--- a/links/releases/WD-prov-links-20121211/Overview.html Fri Nov 30 12:36:35 2012 +0000
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<title>Linking Across Provenance Bundles</title>
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+ <body><div class="head">
+ <p>
+
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img width="72" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" alt="W3C"></a>
+
+ </p>
+ <h1 class="title" id="title">Linking Across Provenance Bundles</h1>
+
+ <h2 id="w3c-working-group-note-11-december-2012"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Working Group Note 11 December 2012</h2>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>This version:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/NOTE-prov-links-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/NOTE-prov-links-20121211/</a></dd>
+ <dt>Latest published version:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-links/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-links/</a></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/links/prov-links.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/links/prov-links.html</a></dd>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <dt>Previous version:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=""></a></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Editors:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/">Luc Moreau</a>, University of Southampton</dd>
<dd><a href="http://tw.rpi.edu/instances/TimLebo">Timothy Lebo</a>, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</dd>
-</dl><p class="copyright"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> © 2012 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym></a><sup>®</sup> (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.</p><hr></div>
- <div id="abstract" class="introductory section"><h2>Abstract</h2>
+
+ </dl>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <p class="copyright">
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> ©
+ 2012
+
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup>
+ (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>,
+ <a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>,
+ <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved.
+ <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>,
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.
+ </p>
+
+
+ <hr>
+</div>
+
+ <section id="abstract" class="introductory"><h2>Abstract</h2>
<p>
Provenance is information about entities, activities, and people
involved in producing a piece of data or thing, which can be used to
form assessments about its quality, reliability or trustworthiness.
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-bundle">Bundles</a>,
-defined in [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] as sets of provenance descriptions, were
+defined in [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] as sets of provenance descriptions, were
introduced in PROV as the mechanism by which provenance of provenance
can be expressed. Bundles, whose validity is established
-independently of each other [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>], are essentially
+independently of each other [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>], are essentially
independent of each other, acting as islands of provenance
descriptions.
</p>
<p>
-In applications where provenance is created by multiple parties over time, it is useful for provenance descriptions created by one party to link to provenance descriptions created by another party. Such a mechanism would allow the "stitching" of provenance descriptions together. Given that provenance descriptions are expected to be contained in bundles, this would require a capability to link entity descriptions across bundles. To address this requirement, this document introduces a relation <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a> allowing an entity description to be linked to another entity description occurring in another bundle.
+In applications where provenance is created by multiple parties over time, it is useful for provenance descriptions created by one party to link to provenance descriptions created by another party. Such a mechanism would allow the "stitching" of provenance descriptions together. Given that provenance descriptions are expected to be contained in bundles, this would require a capability to link entity descriptions across bundles. To address this requirement, this document introduces a relation <a>Mention</a> allowing an entity description to be linked to another entity description occurring in another bundle.
</p>
<p>The <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/">PROV Document Overview</a> describes the overall state of PROV, and should be read before other PROV documents.</p>
- </div><div id="sotd" class="introductory section"><h2>Status of This Document</h2><p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> technical reports index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em></p>
+ </section><section id="sotd" class="introductory"><h2>Status of This Document</h2>
+
+
+
+ <p>
+ <em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other
+ documents may supersede this document. A list of current <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> publications and the latest revision
+ of this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> technical reports
+ index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em>
+ </p>
+
<h4 id="prov-family-of-documents">PROV Family of Documents</h4>
This document is part of the PROV family of documents, a set of documents defining various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. These documents are:
<ul>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/">PROV-OVERVIEW</a> (To be published as Note), an overview of the PROV family of documents [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">PROV-OVERVIEW</a></cite>];</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/">PROV-PRIMER</a> (To be published as Note), a primer for the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-PRIMER">PROV-PRIMER</a></cite>];</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/">PROV-O</a> (Candidate Recommendation), the PROV ontology, an OWL2 ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>];</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/">PROV-DM</a> (Candidate Recommendation), the PROV data model for provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>];</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/">PROV-N</a> (Candidate Recommendation), a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>];</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a> (Candidate Recommendation), a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>];</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/">PROV-AQ</a> (To be published as Note), the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>]; </li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/">PROV-XML</a> (To be published as Note), an XML schema for the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/">PROV-OVERVIEW</a> (To be published as Note), an overview of the PROV family of documents [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">PROV-OVERVIEW</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/">PROV-PRIMER</a> (To be published as Note), a primer for the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-PRIMER">PROV-PRIMER</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/">PROV-O</a> (Candidate Recommendation), the PROV ontology, an OWL2 ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/">PROV-DM</a> (Candidate Recommendation), the PROV data model for provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/">PROV-N</a> (Candidate Recommendation), a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a> (Candidate Recommendation), a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/">PROV-AQ</a> (To be published as Note), the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>]; </li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/">PROV-XML</a> (To be published as Note), an XML schema for the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>];</li>
<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-links-20121211/">PROV-LINKS</a> (To be published as Note), introduces a mechanism to link across bundles (this document).</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="how-to-read-the-prov-family-of-documentation">How to read the PROV Family of Documentation</h4>
<ul>
-<li>[<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">PROV-OVERVIEW</a></cite>] overviews the PROV family of documents. </li>
-<li>The primer [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-PRIMER">PROV-PRIMER</a></cite>] is the entry point to PROV offering an introduction to the provenance model.</li>
-<li>The Linked Data and Semantic Web community should focus on [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>] defining PROV classes and properties specified in an OWL2 ontology. For further details, [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] and [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>] specify the constraints applicable to the data model, and its interpretation. </li>
-<li>The XML community should focus on [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>] defining an XML schema for PROV. Further details can also be found in [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] and [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>].</li>
-<li>Developers seeking to retrieve or publish provenance should focus on [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>].</li>
+<li>[<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">PROV-OVERVIEW</a></cite>] overviews the PROV family of documents. </li>
+<li>The primer [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-PRIMER">PROV-PRIMER</a></cite>] is the entry point to PROV offering an introduction to the provenance model.</li>
+<li>The Linked Data and Semantic Web community should focus on [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>] defining PROV classes and properties specified in an OWL2 ontology. For further details, [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] and [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>] specify the constraints applicable to the data model, and its interpretation. </li>
+<li>The XML community should focus on [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>] defining an XML schema for PROV. Further details can also be found in [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] and [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>].</li>
+<li>Developers seeking to retrieve or publish provenance should focus on [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>].</li>
<li>Readers seeking to implement other PROV serializations
-should focus on [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] and [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>]. [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>], [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>], and [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>] offer examples of mapping to RDF, text, and XML, respectively.</li>
+should focus on [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] and [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>]. [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>], [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>], and [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>] offer examples of mapping to RDF, text, and XML, respectively.</li>
</ul>
-<p>This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/">Provenance Working Group</a> as a First Public Working Draft. If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to <a href="mailto:public-prov-comments@w3.org">public-prov-comments@w3.org</a> (<a href="mailto:public-prov-comments-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>, <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/">archives</a>). All feedback is welcome.</p><p>Publication as a Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.</p><p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>. The group does not expect this document to become a <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation. <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>.</p></div><div id="toc" class="section"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#introduction" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-mention" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>Conceptual Definition of Mention</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#mention-ontology" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>Ontological Definition of Mention</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#mention-xml" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span>XML Schema for Mention</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#mention-constraints" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5. </span>Constraints associated with Mention</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A. </span>Acknowledgements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B. </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B.1 </span>Normative references</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B.2 </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+
+ <p>
+ This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/">Provenance Working Group</a> as a First Public Working Group Note.
+
+ If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to
+ <a href="mailto:public-prov-comments@w3.org">public-prov-comments@w3.org</a>
+ (<a href="mailto:public-prov-comments-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>,
+ <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/">archives</a>).
+
+
+ All feedback is welcome.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>
+ Publication as a Working Group Note does not imply endorsement by the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Membership.
+ This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at
+ any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.
+ </p>
+
+
+ <p>
+
+ This document was produced by a group operating under the
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent Policy</a>.
+
+
+
+
+ <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent disclosures</a>
+
+ made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for
+ disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the
+ information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section
+ 6 of the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent Policy</a>.
+
+
+ </p>
+
+
+
+
+</section><section id="toc"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#introduction" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-mention" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>Conceptual Definition of Mention</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#mention-ontology" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>Ontological Definition of Mention</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#mention-xml" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span>XML Schema for Mention</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#mention-constraints" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5. </span>Constraints associated with Mention</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A. </span>Acknowledgements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B. </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B.1 </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></section>
@@ -647,32 +906,32 @@
-<div id="introduction" class="section">
+<section id="introduction">
<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</h2>
<p>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/">Provenance</a>
is a record that describes the people, institutions, entities, and
activities involved in producing, influencing, or delivering a piece
-of data or a thing. The specifications [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>], [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>],
-[<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>], and [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>] have respectively defined the PROV
+of data or a thing. The specifications [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>], [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>],
+[<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>], and [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>] have respectively defined the PROV
ontology, the PROV conceptual model, the PROV notation, and the PROV
XML schema, allowing provenance descriptions to be expressed,
represented in various representations, and interchanged between systems across the Web.
</p>
-<p>The provenance of information is crucial in deciding whether information is to be trusted, how it should be integrated with other diverse information sources, and how to give credit to its originators when reusing it. To support this, provenance itself should be trusted, and therefore, provenance of provenance is itself a critical aspect of an information infrastructure such as the Web. To this end, PROV introduces the concept of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#concept-bundle">Bundle</a>: defined as a set of provenance descriptions, it is a mechanism by which provenance of provenance can be expressed (see also <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Bundle">Bundle</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>] and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/#term-Bundle">Bundle</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>]). With bundles, blobs of provenance descriptions can be given names and can themselves be regarded as entities, whose provenance can in turn be described using PROV. These blobs of provenance descriptions are independent of each other, as illustrated by [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>] which determines their <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/#bundle-constraints">validity</a> by examining them in isolation of each other. </p>
+<p>The provenance of information is crucial in deciding whether information is to be trusted, how it should be integrated with other diverse information sources, and how to give credit to its originators when reusing it. To support this, provenance itself should be trusted, and therefore, provenance of provenance is itself a critical aspect of an information infrastructure such as the Web. To this end, PROV introduces the concept of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#concept-bundle">Bundle</a>: defined as a set of provenance descriptions, it is a mechanism by which provenance of provenance can be expressed (see also <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Bundle">Bundle</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>] and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/#term-Bundle">Bundle</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>]). With bundles, blobs of provenance descriptions can be given names and can themselves be regarded as entities, whose provenance can in turn be described using PROV. These blobs of provenance descriptions are independent of each other, as illustrated by [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>] which determines their <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/#bundle-constraints">validity</a> by examining them in isolation of each other. </p>
<p>In a distributed environment, it is common to encounter applications that involve multiple parties: it is a common situation that some party creates some data and its provenance, whereas another party consumes the data and its provenance. In such a situation, the consumer, when it in turn generates provenance, often wants to augment the descriptions of entities generated by another producer. For the consumer, it is not suitable to repeat the provenance created by the producer, and augment it according to their need. Instead, a consumer wants to <em>refer</em> to the description as created by the producer <em>in situ</em>, i.e. in its bundle, and <em>specialize it</em>, allowing the consumer to add their own view on this entity. Such a capability would allow parties to "stitch together" provenance descriptions that would otherwise be disconnected.</p>
-<p>This document introduces a new concept <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a> allowing an entity to be described as the specialization of another entity, itself described in another bundle. The document provides not only a conceptual definition of <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a>, but also the corresponding ontological, schema, and notational definitions, for the various representations of PROV. It also includes constraints that apply to this construct specifically. It is our aim to promote interoperability by defining <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a> conceptually and in the representations of PROV.</p>
+<p>This document introduces a new concept <a>Mention</a> allowing an entity to be described as the specialization of another entity, itself described in another bundle. The document provides not only a conceptual definition of <a>Mention</a>, but also the corresponding ontological, schema, and notational definitions, for the various representations of PROV. It also includes constraints that apply to this construct specifically. It is our aim to promote interoperability by defining <a>Mention</a> conceptually and in the representations of PROV.</p>
-<div class="note">The concept <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a> is experimental, and for this reason was not defined in PROV recommendation-track documents. The Provenance Working Group is seeking feedback from the community on its usefulness in practical scenarios.
-</div>
-</div>
+<div class="note"><div class="note-title"><span>Note</span></div><div class="">The concept <a>Mention</a> is experimental, and for this reason was not defined in PROV recommendation-track documents. The Provenance Working Group is seeking feedback from the community on its usefulness in practical scenarios.
+</div></div>
+</section>
-<div id="term-mention" class="section">
+<section id="term-mention">
<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">2. </span>Conceptual Definition of Mention</h2>
@@ -684,11 +943,11 @@
the descriptions of entity <span class="name">e1</span> found in bundle <span class="name">b</span> with other information.
To this end, PROV allows a new entity <span class="name">e2</span> to be created and defined as a specialization of the preceding entity <span class="name">e1</span>, and which presents at least an additional aspect: the bundle <span class="name">b</span> containing some descriptions of <span class="name">e1</span>. With this relation, applications that process <span class="name">e2</span>
can know that the attributes of <span class="name">e2</span> may have been computed according to the descriptions of <span class="name">e1</span> in <span class="name">b</span>.
-(The term 'aspect' should be understood informally as "a particular part or feature of something"; the term is used in [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>]'s definitions of
+(The term 'aspect' should be understood informally as "a particular part or feature of something"; the term is used in [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>]'s definitions of
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#concept-entity">entity</a> (Section 5.1.1),
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#concept-specialization">specialization</a> (Section 5.5.1),
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#concept-alternate">alternate</a> (Section 5.5.2), and in
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/#entities-activities-and-agents">section 2.1</a> of [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>]).
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/#entities-activities-and-agents">section 2.1</a> of [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>]).
</p>
@@ -699,7 +958,7 @@
<div style="text-align: center;">
-<span class="figure" style="max-width: 95%; ">
+<span class="figure" id="fig-figure-1-uml-diagram-for-mention" style="max-width: 95%; ">
<img src="figures/component5.png" alt="mention"><br>
<span class="figcaption" id="figure-component5">Figure 1<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#figure-component5"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> UML Diagram for Mention</span>
</span>
@@ -768,7 +1027,7 @@
Let us consider a bundle and the expression <span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> occuring in this bundle. The entity <span class="name">e1</span> may described im multiple other bundle <span class="name">b<sub>i</sub></span>.
From <span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span>, one cannot infer <span class="name">mentionOf(e2,e1,b)</span> for a given <span class="name">b</span>, since it is unknown which <span class="name">b<sub>i</sub></span>'s descriptions were used to computed additional aspects of <span class="name">e2</span>. Hence, <span class="name">mentionOf</span> has to be asserted. </p>
-<p><a href="#mention-constraints" class="section-ref"><span>Section 5.</span></a> presents constraints applicable to <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a>, and in particular, the fact that an entity can be a <a href="#mention.specificEntity">specific entity</a> of a <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a> at most once.</p>
+<p><a href="#mention-constraints" class="section-ref"><span>Section 5.</span></a> presents constraints applicable to <a>Mention</a>, and in particular, the fact that an entity can be a <a href="#mention.specificEntity">specific entity</a> of a <a>Mention</a> at most once.</p>
<div class="anexample" id="anexample-mention-rating"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 1<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-mention-rating"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
@@ -843,11 +1102,11 @@
-</div>
+</section>
-<div id="mention-ontology" class="section">
+<section id="mention-ontology">
<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">3. </span>Ontological Definition of Mention</h2>
<p>The ternary relation <a href="#dfn-mentionof" class="internalDFN">mentionOf</a> is encoded as two properties:
@@ -855,10 +1114,10 @@
<a href="#asInBundle">prov:asInBundle</a>, defined as follows.</p>
<div class="entity" id="mentionOf">
- <h3 id="property--prov-mentionof-op-----------------back-to-expanded-properties">
+ <h2 id="property--prov-mentionof-op-----------------back-to-expanded-properties">
Property: <a href="#mentionOf"><span title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#mentionOf" class="dotted">prov:mentionOf</span></a> <sup title="object property" class="type-op">op</sup>
- </h3>
+ </h2>
<p><strong class="crossreference">IRI:</strong>http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#mentionOf</p>
@@ -906,9 +1165,9 @@
<div class="entity" id="asInBundle">
- <h3 id="property--prov-asinbundle-op-----------------back-to-expanded-properties">
+ <h2 id="property--prov-asinbundle-op-----------------back-to-expanded-properties">
Property: <a href="#asInBundle"><span title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#asInBundle" class="dotted">prov:asInBundle</span></a> <sup title="object property" class="type-op">op</sup>
- </h3>
+ </h2>
<p><strong class="crossreference">IRI:</strong>http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#asInBundle</p>
@@ -980,10 +1239,10 @@
tool:bob-2011-11-17 prov:alternateOf :bob .
</pre>
</div>
-</div>
+</section>
-<div id="mention-xml" class="section">
+<section id="mention-xml">
<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">4. </span>XML Schema for Mention</h2>
@@ -1056,14 +1315,14 @@
</prov:bundle>
</prov:document></pre></div>
-</div>
+</section>
-<div id="mention-constraints" class="section">
+<section id="mention-constraints">
<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">5. </span>Constraints associated with Mention</h2>
@@ -1093,15 +1352,15 @@
-</div>
+</section>
-<div class="appendix section" id="acknowledgements">
+<section class="appendix" id="acknowledgements">
<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">A. </span>Acknowledgements</h2>
<p>
-This document has been produced by the PROV Working Group, and its contents reflect extensive discussion within the Working Group as a whole. The editors extend special thanks to Ivan Herman (<acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>/<acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym>).
+This document has been produced by the PROV Working Group, and its contents reflect extensive discussion within the Working Group as a whole. The editors extend special thanks to Ivan Herman (<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>/<abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr>).
</p>
<p>
@@ -1128,9 +1387,9 @@
Paul Groth (Vrije Universiteit),
Olaf Hartig (Invited expert),
David Hau (National Cancer Institute, NCI),
-Sandro Hawke (<acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>/<acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym>),
+Sandro Hawke (<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>/<abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr>),
Jörn Hees (German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) Gmbh),
-Ivan Herman, (<acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>/<acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym>),
+Ivan Herman, (<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>/<abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr>),
Ralph Hodgson (TopQuadrant),
Hook Hua (Invited expert),
Trung Dong Huynh (University of Southampton),
@@ -1165,12 +1424,12 @@
Jun Zhao (University of Oxford),
Yuting Zhao (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science).
</p>
- </div>
+ </section>
-<div id="references" class="appendix section"><!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">B. </span>References</h2><div id="normative-references" class="section"><h3><span class="secno">B.1 </span>Normative references</h3><p>No normative references.</p></div><div id="informative-references" class="section"><h3><span class="secno">B.2 </span>Informative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-PROV-AQ">[PROV-AQ]</dt><dd>Graham Klyne; Paul Groth; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. 19 June 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/</a>
+<section id="references" class="appendix"><!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">B. </span>References</h2><section id="informative-references"><h3><span class="secno">B.1 </span>Informative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-PROV-AQ">[PROV-AQ]</dt><dd>Graham Klyne; Paul Groth; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. 19 June 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]</dt><dd>James Cheney; Paolo Missier; Luc Moreau; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/"><cite>Constraints of the PROV Data Model</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, W3C Candidate Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-DM">[PROV-DM]</dt><dd>Luc Moreau; Paolo Missier; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/"><cite>PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, W3C Candidate Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-N">[PROV-N]</dt><dd>Luc Moreau; Paolo Missier; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/"><cite>PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, W3C Candidate Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/</a>
@@ -1178,4 +1437,4 @@
</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">[PROV-OVERVIEW]</dt><dd>Paul Groth; Luc Moreau; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/"><cite>PROV-OVERVIEW: An Overview of the PROV Family of Documents</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-PRIMER">[PROV-PRIMER]</dt><dd>Yolanda Gil; Simon Miles; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/"><cite>PROV Model Primer</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-XML">[PROV-XML]</dt><dd>Hook Hua; Curt Tilmes; Stephan Zednik; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/"><cite>PROV-XML: The PROV XML Schema</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/</a>
-</dd></dl></div></div></body></html>
+</dd></dl></section></section></body></html>