--- a/primer/Primer.html Thu Mar 29 15:33:33 2012 +0100
+++ b/primer/Primer.html Thu Mar 29 15:33:49 2012 +0100
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html><head>
- <title>Prov Model Primer</title>
+ <title>PROV Model Primer</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<!--
=== NOTA BENE ===
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@
The next section gives an introductory overview of PROV-DM using simple examples.
The following section shows how the formal ontology PROV-O can be used to represent the PROV-DM assertions
as RDF triples. The document also contains frequently asked questions, and an appendix giving example
- snippets of the PROV-DM Abstract Syntax Notation (ASN).
+ snippets of the Provenance Notation (PROV-N).
For a detailed description of [[PROV-DM]] and [[PROV-O]], please refer to the respective documents.
</p>
</section>
@@ -443,8 +443,8 @@
terms from the Prov ontology, while <b>ex</b> denotes terms specific to the example.
</p>
- <p>We also provide a representation of the examples in the Abstract
- Syntax Model ASM used in the conceptual model document. The full ASM data
+ <p>We also provide a representation of the examples in the Provenance
+ Notation, PROV-N, used in the data model document. The full PROV-N data
for the examples in this section is
included in the appendix.</p>
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@
<p>
An online newspaper publishes an article with a chart about crime statistics making using of data (GovData) provided through a government portal.
- The article includes a chart based on the data, with data values aggregated by
+ The article includes a chart based on the data, with data values composed (aggregated) by
geographical regions.
</p>
<p>
@@ -462,18 +462,20 @@
</p>
<p>Betty would find the following assertions about entities in the provenance record:</p>
<pre class="turtle example">
- ex:newspaper1 a prov:Entity .
- ex:article1 a prov:Entity .
- ex:regionList1 a prov:Entity .
- ex:aggregate1 a prov:Entity .
- ex:chart1 a prov:Entity .
- </pre>
+ ex:article1 a prov:Entity ; dcterms:title "Crime rises in cities" .
+ ex:dataset1 a prov:Entity .
+ ex:regionList1 a prov:Entity .
+ ex:composition1 a prov:Entity .
+ ex:chart1 a prov:Entity .
+ </pre>
<p>
- These statements, in order, assert that there is a newspaper (<code>ex:newspaper1</code>) and an article (<code>ex:article1</code>),
- that the original data set is an entity (<code>ex:dataSet1</code>),
- there is a list of regions
- (<code>ex:regionList1</code>) that is an entity, that the data aggregated by region is an entity (<code>ex:aggregate1</code>),
- and that the chart (<code>ex:chart1</code>) is an entity.
+ These statements, in order, assert that there was an article (<code>ex:article1</code>),
+ an original data set (<code>ex:dataSet1</code>),
+ a list of regions (<code>ex:regionList1</code>),
+ data aggregated by region (<code>ex:composition1</code>),
+ and a chart (<code>ex:chart1</code>), and that each is an entity.
+ Any entity may have attributes not specific to provenance, such as the title
+ of the article, expressed using <code>dcterms:title</code> above.
</p>
</section>
@@ -491,11 +493,11 @@
</pre>
<p>
The provenance record also includes reference to the more specific steps involved in this compilation,
- which are first aggregating the data by region and then generating the chart graphic.
+ which are first composing the data by region and then generating the chart graphic.
</p>
<pre class="turtle example">
- ex:aggregated a prov:Activity .
- ex:illustrated a prov:Activity .
+ ex:compose a prov:Activity .
+ ex:illustrate a prov:Activity .
</pre>
</section>
@@ -508,22 +510,22 @@
or the generation of an entity by an activity.
</p>
<p>
- For example, the assertions below state that the aggregation activity
- (<code>ex:aggregated</code>) used the original data set, that it used the list of
- regions, and that the aggregated data was generated by this activity.
+ For example, the assertions below state that the composition activity
+ (<code>ex:compose</code>) used the original data set, that it used the list of
+ regions, and that the composed data was generated by this activity.
</p>
<pre class="turtle example">
- ex:aggregated prov:used ex:dataSet1 ;
- prov:used ex:regionList1 .
- ex:aggregate1 prov:wasGeneratedBy ex:aggregated .
+ ex:compose prov:used ex:dataSet1 ;
+ prov:used ex:regionList1 .
+ ex:composition1 prov:wasGeneratedBy ex:compose .
</pre>
<p>
Similarly, the chart graphic creation activity (<code>ex:illustrated</code>)
- used the aggregated data, and the chart was generated by this activity.
+ used the composed data, and the chart was generated by this activity.
</p>
<pre class="turtle example">
- ex:illustrated prov:used ex:aggregate1 .
- ex:chart1 prov:wasGeneratedBy ex:illustrated .
+ ex:illustrate prov:used ex:composition1 .
+ ex:chart1 prov:wasGeneratedBy ex:illustrate .
</pre>
</section>
@@ -532,12 +534,12 @@
<p>
Digging deeper, Betty wants to know who compiled the chart.
- Betty sees that Derek was involved in both the aggregation and
+ Betty sees that Derek was involved in both the composition and
chart creation activities:
</p>
<pre class="turtle example">
- ex:aggregated prov:wasAssociatedWith ex:derek .
- ex:illustrated prov:wasAssociatedWith ex:derek .
+ ex:compose prov:wasAssociatedWith ex:derek .
+ ex:illustrate prov:wasAssociatedWith ex:derek .
</pre>
<p>
The record for Derek provides the
@@ -547,7 +549,7 @@
</p>
<pre class="turtle example">
ex:derek a prov:Agent ;
- a foaf:Person ;
+ a prov:Person ;
foaf:givenName "Derek"^^xsd:string ;
foaf:mbox <mailto:dererk@example.org> .
</pre>
@@ -560,7 +562,7 @@
ex:derek prov:actedOnBehalfOf ex:chartgen .
ex:chartgen a prov:Agent ;
a prov:Organization ;
- foaf:name "Chart Generators" .
+ foaf:name "Chart Generators Inc" .
</pre>
</section>
@@ -570,64 +572,77 @@
<p>
For Betty to understand where the error lies, she needs to have more detailed
information on how entities have been used in, participated in, and generated
- by activities. Betty has determined that <code>ex:aggregated</code> used
+ by activities. Betty has determined that <code>ex:compose</code> used
entities <code>ex:regionList1</code> and <code>ex:dataSet1</code>, but she does not
know what function these entities played in the processing. Betty
also knows that <code>ex:derek</code> controlled the activities, but she does
not know if Derek was the analyst responsible for determining how the data
- should be aggregated.
+ should be composed.
</p>
<p>
- The above information is described as roles in the provenance records. The aggregation
- activity involved entities in four roles: the data to be aggregated (<code>ex:dataToAggregate</code>),
+ The above information is described as roles in the provenance records. The composition
+ activity involved entities in four roles: the data to be composed (<code>ex:dataToCompose</code>),
the regions to aggregate by (<code>ex:regionsToAggregateBy</code>), the
- resulting aggregated data (<code>ex:aggregatedData</code>), and the
- analyst doing the aggregation (<code>ex:analyst</code>).
+ resulting composed data (<code>ex:composedData</code>), and the
+ analyst doing the composition (<code>ex:analyst</code>).
</p>
<pre class="turtle example">
- ex:dataToAggregate a prov:Role .
+ ex:dataToCompose a prov:Role .
ex:regionsToAggregateBy a prov:Role .
- ex:aggregatedData a prov:Role .
+ ex:composedData a prov:Role .
ex:analyst a prov:Role .
</pre>
<p>
- In addition to the simple facts that the aggregation activity used, generated or
+ In addition to the simple facts that the composition activity used, generated or
was controlled by entities/agents as described in the sections above, the
provenance record contains more details of <i>how</i> these entities and agents
were involved, i.e. the roles they played. For example, the assertions below state
- that the aggregation activity (<code>ex:aggregated</code>) included the usage
- of the government data set (<code>ex:dataSet1</code>) in the role of the data
- to be aggregated (<code>ex:dataToAggregate</code>).
+ Examples in the sections above show assertions of the simple facts that the
+ composition activity used, generated and was controlled by entities/agents.
+ For example, the usage of the data set by the compose activity is expressed
+ as follows.
</p>
<pre class="turtle example">
- ex:aggregated prov:involved [ a prov:Usage ;
- prov:entity ex:dataSet1 ;
- prov:hadRole ex:dataToAggregate ] .
+ ex:compose prov:used ex:dataSet1 .
+ </pre>
+ <p>
+ The
+ provenance record can contain more details of <i>how</i> these entities and agents
+ were involved in the activity. One example is the roles the entities played.
+ For example, the assertions below state
+ that the composition activity (<code>ex:compose</code>) included the usage
+ of the government data set (<code>ex:dataSet1</code>) in the role of the data
+ to be composed (<code>ex:dataToCompose</code>).
+ </p>
+ <pre class="turtle example">
+ ex:compose prov:qualifiedUsage [ a prov:Usage ;
+ prov:entity ex:dataSet1 ;
+ prov:hadRole ex:dataToCompose ] .
</pre>
<p>
This can then be distinguished from the same activity's usage of the list of
regions because the roles played are different.
</p>
<pre class="turtle example">
- ex:aggregated prov:involved [ a prov:Usage ;
- prov:entity ex:regionList1 ;
- prov:hadRole ex:regionsToAggregateBy ] .
+ ex:compose prov:qualifiedUsage [ a prov:Usage ;
+ prov:entity ex:regionList1 ;
+ prov:hadRole ex:regionsToAggregateBy ] .
</pre>
<p>
Similarly, the provenance includes assertions that the same activity was
controlled in a particular way (<code>ex:analyst</code>) by Derek, and that
- the entity <code>ex:aggregate1</code> took the role of the aggregated
+ the entity <code>ex:composition1</code> took the role of the composed
data in what the activity generated.
</p>
<pre class="turtle example">
- ex:aggregated
- prov:involved [ a prov:Association ;
+ ex:compose
+ prov:qualifiedAssociation [ a prov:Association ;
prov:entity ex:derek ;
prov:hadRole ex:analyst
] ;
- prov:involved [ a prov:Generation ;
- prov:entity ex:aggregate1 ;
- prov:hadRole ex:aggregatedData
+ prov:qualifiedGeneration [ a prov:Generation ;
+ prov:entity ex:composition1 ;
+ prov:hadRole ex:composedData
] .
</pre>
</section>
@@ -661,10 +676,10 @@
</section>
<section class="appendix">
- <h2>Abstract Syntax Notation for Examples</h2>
+ <h2>PROV-N Examples</h2>
<p>
- Below we give translations of the working example snippets into the PROV-DM
- abstract syntax notation (ASN).
+ Below we give translations of the working example snippets into the Provenance
+ Notation (PROV-N).
</p>
<section>
<h3>Entities</h3>
@@ -712,7 +727,7 @@
<section>
<h3>Agents</h3>
<pre class="example asn">
- entity(ex:derek, [ type="foaf:Person", foaf:givenName = "Derek",
+ entity(ex:derek, [ type="prov:Person", foaf:givenName = "Derek",
foaf:mbox= "<mailto:derek@example.org>"]).
agent(ex:derek).
@@ -774,6 +789,8 @@
<li>Added intuition section on time.</li>
<li>Added intuition section on alternates and specialization.</li>
<li>Included description of attribution in intuition section on agents and responsibility.</li>
+ <li>Changed from ASN to PROV-N</li>
+ <li>Updated examples to latest PROV-O terms</li>
</ul>
</section>