--- a/model/working-copy/Makefile Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-
-HGID.OLD=`hg -q id`
-HGID=`hg parents --template='{node|short}'`
-OUT.JS=glossary.js
-IN.HTML=glossary.html
-
-make.glossary.js: glossary.html Makefile
- @$(MAKE) OUT.JS=$(OUT.JS) documentation
- @$(MAKE) OUT.JS=$(OUT.JS) hgGlossaryId
- @echo "glossary_string= " >> $(OUT.JS)
- cat $(IN.HTML) | awk '{ print "'\''" $$0 " '\'' + " }' >> $(OUT.JS)
- echo "' ' ;" >> $(OUT.JS)
-
-hgGlossaryId:
- @echo "glossary_hg='http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/$(HGID)/model/working-copy/glossary.html';" >> $(OUT.JS)
-
-documentation:
- @echo "//Automatically generated file, don't edit!" > $(OUT.JS)
- @echo "//Include this $(OUT.JS) file in your specification" >> $(OUT.JS)
- @echo "// with <script src=\"$(OUT.JS)\" class=\"remove\"></script>" >> $(OUT.JS)
- @echo "//Insert glossary definitions with the following " >> $(OUT.JS)
- @echo "// <div class=\"glossary-ref\" ref=\"glossary-generation\"></div>" >> $(OUT.JS)
-
-
-# uses html2xhtml
-# http://www.it.uc3m.es/jaf/html2xhtml/downloads/html2xhtml-1.1.2-2.tar.gz
-
-WORKDIR=generated
-
-xsl:
- html2xhtml -t 1.1 towards-wd4.html -o $(WORKDIR)/towards-wd4.xhtml
- html2xhtml -t 1.1 prov-dm-constraints.html -o $(WORKDIR)/prov-dm-constraints.xhtml
- grep -v mdash $(WORKDIR)/towards-wd4.xhtml | grep -v "/html" > $(WORKDIR)/towards-wd4-2.xhtml
- cat $(WORKDIR)/prov-dm-constraints.xhtml | sed -e "s/&le/le/g" | sed -e "s/&cup/cup/g" | sed -e "s/&ge/ge/g" | grep -v "/html" > $(WORKDIR)/prov-dm-constraints-2.xhtml
- csplit -f $(WORKDIR)/out $(WORKDIR)/towards-wd4-2.xhtml /body/
- echo "<html>" > $(WORKDIR)/all-divs.html
- xpath $(WORKDIR)/out01 .//div[@class] >> $(WORKDIR)/all-divs.html
- csplit -f $(WORKDIR)/out $(WORKDIR)/prov-dm-constraints-2.xhtml /body/
- xpath $(WORKDIR)/out01 .//div[@class] >> $(WORKDIR)/all-divs.html
- xpath $(WORKDIR)/out01 .//span[@class] >> $(WORKDIR)/all-divs.html
- echo "</html>" >> $(WORKDIR)/all-divs.html
- cat $(WORKDIR)/all-divs.html | sed -e "s/\'/\\\'/g" > $(WORKDIR)/all-divs2.html
- $(MAKE) make.all-divs.js
-
-make.all-divs.js: $(WORKDIR)/all-divs2.html Makefile
- $(MAKE) OUT.JS=all-divs.js IN.HTML=$(WORKDIR)/all-divs2.html make.divs.js
-
-hgDivsId:
- @echo "divs_hg='http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/$(HGID)/model/working-copy/towards-wd4.html';" >> $(OUT.JS)
-
-make.divs.js:
- @$(MAKE) OUT.JS=$(OUT.JS) documentation
- @$(MAKE) OUT.JS=$(OUT.JS) hgDivsId
- @echo "divs_string= " >> $(OUT.JS)
- cat $(IN.HTML) | awk '{ print "'\''" $$0 " '\'' + " }' >> $(OUT.JS)
- echo "' ' ;" >> $(OUT.JS)
-
-
-
-
-
-// xpath towards-wd4.xhtml //div[@class='anexample']
-
Binary file model/working-copy/OverviewDiagram.png has changed
--- a/model/working-copy/OverviewDiagram.svg Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
-<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
-<svg height="367" version="1.1" width="573" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
-<rect fill="#ffffff" height="73" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="1" width="85" x="206" y="88"/>
-<rect fill="none" height="73" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="85" x="206" y="88"/>
-<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="230" y="102">
-Entity</text>
-<rect fill="#000000" height="1" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="85" x="206" y="111"/>
-<rect fill="#000000" height="1" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="85" x="206" y="135"/>
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-<rect fill="none" height="73" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="85" x="454" y="80"/>
-<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="472" y="94">
-Activity</text>
-<rect fill="#000000" height="1" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="85" x="454" y="103"/>
-<rect fill="#000000" height="1" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="85" x="454" y="127"/>
-<rect fill="#ffffff" height="73" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="1" width="141" x="206" y="240"/>
-<rect fill="none" height="73" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="141" x="206" y="240"/>
-<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="257" y="254">
-Agent</text>
-<rect fill="#000000" height="1" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="141" x="206" y="263"/>
-<rect fill="#000000" height="1" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="141" x="206" y="287"/>
-<polyline fill="none" points="238,240 238,160" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1"/>
-<polygon fill="#ffffff" points="238,160 245,172 231,172" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="1"/>
-<polygon fill="none" points="238,160 245,172 231,172" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1"/>
-<polyline fill="none" points="470,152 470,248 346,248" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1"/>
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-<line fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" x1="358" x2="346" y1="255" y2="248"/>
-<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="378" y="237">
-wasStartedBy</text>
-<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="483" y="180">
-</text>
-<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="357" y="244">
-</text>
-<polyline fill="none" points="502,152 502,280 346,280" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1"/>
-<line fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" x1="358" x2="346" y1="273" y2="280"/>
-<line fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" x1="358" x2="346" y1="287" y2="280"/>
-<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="408" y="276">
-wasEndedBy</text>
-<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="515" y="180">
-</text>
-<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="357" y="276">
-</text>
-<polyline fill="none" points="526,152 526,304 346,304" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1"/>
-<line fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" x1="358" x2="346" y1="297" y2="304"/>
-<line fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" x1="358" x2="346" y1="311" y2="304"/>
-<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="424" y="324">
-wasAssociatedWith</text>
-<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="539" y="180">
-</text>
-<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="357" y="300">
-</text>
-<polyline fill="none" points="206,272 126,272 126,344 214,344 214,312" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1"/>
-<line fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" x1="221" x2="214" y1="324" y2="312"/>
-<line fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" x1="207" x2="214" y1="324" y2="312"/>
-<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="15" y="323">
-actedOnBehalfOf</text>
-<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="187" y="268">
-</text>
-<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="193" y="340">
-</text>
-<polyline fill="none" points="238,88 238,32 150,32 150,128 206,128" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1"/>
-<line fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" x1="194" x2="206" y1="135" y2="128"/>
-<line fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" x1="194" x2="206" y1="121" y2="128"/>
-<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="74" y="28">
-wasDerivedFrom</text>
-<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="217" y="72">
-</text>
-<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="187" y="124">
-</text>
-<polyline fill="none" points="454,112 290,112" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1"/>
-<line fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" x1="302" x2="290" y1="105" y2="112"/>
-<line fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" x1="302" x2="290" y1="119" y2="112"/>
-<a xlink:href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/working-copy/towards-wd4.html#record-Usage">
- <text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="333" y="106">
-used</text></a>
-<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="435" y="108">
-</text>
-<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="301" y="108">
-</text>
-<polyline fill="none" points="290,144 454,144" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1"/>
-<line fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" x1="442" x2="454" y1="151" y2="144"/>
-<line fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" x1="442" x2="454" y1="137" y2="144"/>
-<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="317" y="160">
-wasGeneratedBy</text>
-<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="301" y="140">
-</text>
-<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="435" y="140">
-</text>
-</svg>
Binary file model/working-copy/activityAssociation.png has changed
--- a/model/working-copy/activityAssociation.svg Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
-<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
-<svg height="321" version="1.1" width="360" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
-<rect fill="#ffffff" height="68" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="1" width="66" x="280" y="238"/>
-<rect fill="none" height="68" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="66" x="280" y="238"/>
-<text font-family="Lucida Grande" font-size="13" x="289" y="252">
-Activity</text>
-<rect fill="#000000" height="1" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="66" x="280" y="262"/>
-<rect fill="#000000" height="1" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="66" x="280" y="283"/>
-<rect fill="#ffffff" height="68" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="1" width="66" x="14" y="238"/>
-<rect fill="none" height="68" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="66" x="14" y="238"/>
-<text font-family="Lucida Grande" font-size="13" x="28" y="252">
-Agent</text>
-<rect fill="#000000" height="1" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="66" x="14" y="262"/>
-<rect fill="#000000" height="1" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="66" x="14" y="283"/>
-<polyline fill="none" points="80,270 280,270" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1"/>
-<ellipse cx="180" cy="268" fill="#000000" rx="0.5" ry="0.5" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1"/>
-<ellipse cx="181" cy="269" fill="#ffffff" rx="-0.5" ry="-0.5" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="1"/>
-<rect fill="#ffffff" height="88" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="1" width="132" x="112" y="142"/>
-<rect fill="none" height="88" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="132" x="112" y="142"/>
-<text font-family="Lucida Grande" font-size="13" x="117" y="156">
-ActivityAssociation</text>
-<rect fill="#000000" height="1" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="132" x="112" y="166"/>
-<text font-family="Lucida Grande" font-size="13" x="116" y="181">
-id</text>
-<text font-family="Lucida Grande" font-size="13" x="116" y="198">
-attributeList</text>
-<rect fill="#000000" height="1" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="132" x="112" y="208"/>
-<line fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" x1="181" x2="181" y1="268" y2="263"/>
-<line fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" x1="181" x2="181" y1="258" y2="253"/>
-<line fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" x1="181" x2="181" y1="248" y2="243"/>
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-<rect fill="none" height="68" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="66" x="152" y="14"/>
-<text font-family="Lucida Grande" font-size="13" x="172" y="28">
-Plan</text>
-<rect fill="#000000" height="1" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="66" x="152" y="38"/>
-<rect fill="#000000" height="1" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="66" x="152" y="59"/>
-<polyline fill="none" points="184,142 184,82" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1"/>
-<line fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" x1="191" x2="184" y1="94" y2="82"/>
-<line fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" x1="177" x2="184" y1="94" y2="82"/>
-</svg>
--- a/model/working-copy/all-divs.js Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,1507 +0,0 @@
-//Automatically generated file, don't edit!
-//Include this all-divs.js file in your specification
-// with <script src="all-divs.js" class="remove"></script>
-//Insert glossary definitions with the following
-// <div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-generation"></div>
-divs_hg='http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/8365f0c49114/model/working-copy/towards-wd4.html';
-divs_string=
-'<html> ' +
-'<div class="buttonpanel"> ' +
-' <form action="#"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' <input id="hide-asn" onclick="set_display_by_class(\'div\',\'withAsn\',\'none\');set_display_by_class(\'span\',\'withAsn\',\'none\'); set_display_by_id(\'hide-asn\',\'none\'); set_display_by_id(\'show-asn\',\'\');" type="button" value="Hide ASN" /> <input id="show-asn" onclick="set_display_by_class(\'div\',\'withAsn\',\'\'); set_display_by_class(\'span\',\'withAsn\',\'\'); set_display_by_id(\'hide-asn\',\'\'); set_display_by_id(\'show-asn\',\'none\');" style="display: none" type="button" value="Show ASN" /> ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' </form> ' +
-' </div><div class="note" id="changes"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' Following F2F2 guidance, in this document we try to: ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' <ul> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' pitch from the start the idea of an upgrade path, from \'scruffy ' +
-' provenance\' (term TBD), to \'precise provenance\' (term TBD) ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' formulate concepts without referring to things, just in term of ' +
-' entities, the intent is that the semantics only refers to things ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' introduce concepts minimally, just to be able to express \'scruffy ' +
-' provenance\' ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' present the data model ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' present the upgrade path ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' contemplating the organization of the deliverable in two/three ' +
-' separate documents. ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' </ul> ' +
-' </div><div class="note" id="editorial-notes"> ' +
-' <ul> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' Term \'record\' dropped: we no longer refer to \'entity record\', ' +
-' \'activity record\', etc but simply to \'entity\', \'activity\', etc ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' Aiming to drop the word \'assertion\'. This is work in progress. ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' Aiming to drop the word \'characterization\'. ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' </ul> ' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
-' There is a desire to use a single namespace that all specifications of the ' +
-' PROV family can share to refer to common provenance terms. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/224">ISSUE-224</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="glossary-ref"> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="entity-example"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' An entity may be the document at URI <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>, ' +
-' a file in a file system, a car or an idea. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="activity-example"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' An activity may be the publishing of a document on the web, sending a ' +
-' twitter message, extracting metadata embedded in a file, or driving a ' +
-' car from Boston to Cambridge, assembling a data set based on a set of ' +
-' measurements, performing a statistical analysis over a data set, sorting ' +
-' news items according to some criteria, running a SPARQL query over a ' +
-' triple store, and editing a file. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="agent-example"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' Software for checking the use of grammar in a document may be defined as ' +
-' an agent of a document preparation activity, and at the same time one ' +
-' can describe its provenance, including for instance the vendor and the ' +
-' version history. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' </div><div class="glossary-ref"> ' +
-' </div><div class="glossary-ref"> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="generation-example"> ' +
-' Examples of generation are the completed creation of a file by a program, ' +
-' the completed creation of a linked data set, and the completed publication ' +
-' of a new version of a document. ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="usage-example"> ' +
-' Usage examples include a procedure beginning to consume an argument, a ' +
-' service starting to read a value on a port, a program beginning to read a ' +
-' configuration file, or the point at which an ingredient, such as eggs, is ' +
-' being added in a baking activity. Usage may entirely consume an entity ' +
-' (e.g. eggs are no longer available after being added to the mix); ' +
-' alternatively, a same entity may be used multiple times, possibly by ' +
-' different activities (e.g. a file on a file system can be read ' +
-' indefinitely). ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="derivation-example"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' Examples of derivation include the transformation of a relational table ' +
-' into a linked data set, the transformation of a canvas into a painting, ' +
-' the transportation of a work of art from London to New York, and a ' +
-' physical transformation such as the melting of ice into water. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="plan-example"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' A plan can be a blog post tutorial for how to set up a web server, a ' +
-' list of instructions for a micro-processor execution, a cook\'s written ' +
-' recipe for a chocolate cake, or a workflow for a scientific experiment. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="collection-example"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' An example of collection is an archive of documents. Each document has ' +
-' its own provenance, but the archive itself also has some provenance: who ' +
-' maintained it, which documents it contained at which point in time, how ' +
-' it was assembled, etc. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="account-example"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' Having found a resource, a user may want to retrieve its provenance. For ' +
-' users to decide whether they can place their trust in that resource, ' +
-' they may want to analyze its provenance, but also determine who the ' +
-' provenance is attributed to, and when it was generated. Hence, from the ' +
-' PROV-DM data model, the provenance is regarded as an entity, an ' +
-' AccountEntity, for which provenance can be sought. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="software-agents-example"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' Even software agents can be assigned some responsibility for the effects ' +
-' they have in the world, so for example if one is using a Text Editor and ' +
-' one\'s laptop crashes, then one would say that the Text Editor was ' +
-' responsible for crashing the laptop. If one invokes a service to buy a ' +
-' book, that service can be considered responsible for drawing funds from ' +
-' one\'s bank to make the purchase (the company that runs the service and ' +
-' the web site would also be responsible, but the point here is that we ' +
-' assign some measure of responsibility to software as well). ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="association-example"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' Examples of association between an activity and agent are: ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' <ul> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' creation of a web page under the guidance of a designer; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' various forms of participation in a panel discussion, including ' +
-' audience member, panelist, or panel chair; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' a public event, sponsored by a company, and hosted by a museum; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' an XSLT transform initiated by a user; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' </ul> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="responsibilityChain-example"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' A student publishing a web page describing an academic department could ' +
-' result in both the student and the department being agents associated ' +
-' with the activity, and it may not matter which student published a web ' +
-' page but it matters a lot that the department told the student to put up ' +
-' the web page. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' </div><div class="note"> ' +
-' TODO: short text required to explain the overview diagram ' +
-' </div><div class="note"> ' +
-' Illustration to be hand crafted instead of being generated automatically. ' +
-' It\'s important to adopt a common style for all illustrations across all ' +
-' PROV documents. ' +
-' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-entity"> ' +
-' An entity<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">entity(id, [ ' +
-' attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-ASN, </span> contains: ' +
-' <ul> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>id</em>: an identifier identifying an entity; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs ' +
-' representing this entity\'s situation in the world. ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' </ul> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' The following expression ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-'entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ]) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' states the existence of an entity, denoted by identifier <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>, ' +
-' with type <span class="name">document</span> and version number <span class="name">2</span>. The attributes <span class="name">ex:version</span> ' +
-' is application specific, whereas the attribute <span class="name">type</span> ' +
-' is reserved in the PROV-DM namespace. ' +
-' <!-- The following expression</p> <pre class="codeexample"> ' +
-' entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ]) ' +
-' entity(e0, [ prov:type="File", ex:path="/shared/crime.txt", ' +
-' ex:creator="Alice" ]) </pre> states the existence of an entity, denoted ' +
-' by identifier <span class="name">e0</span>, with type <span ' +
-' class="name">File</span> and path <span ' +
-' class="name">/shared/crime.txt</span> in the file system, and creator ' +
-' alice. The attributes <span class="name">path</span> and <span ' +
-' class="name">creator</span> are application specific, whereas the ' +
-' attribute <span class="name">type</span> is reserved in the PROV-DM ' +
-' namespace. --> ' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
-' The characterization interval of an entity is currently implicit. Making ' +
-' it explicit would allow us to define wasComplementOf more precisely. ' +
-' Beginning and end of characterization interval could be expressed by ' +
-' attributes (similarly to activities). How do we define the end of an ' +
-' entity? This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/204">ISSUE-204</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
-' There is still some confusion about what the identifiers really denote. ' +
-' For instance, are they entity identifiers or entity record identifiers. ' +
-' This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/183">ISSUE-183</a>. ' +
-' An example and questions appear in <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/215">ISSUE-215</a>. A ' +
-' related issued is also raised in <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/145">ISSUE-145</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-activity"> ' +
-' An activity<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">activity(id, ' +
-' st, et, [ attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains: ' +
-' <ul> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>id</em>: an identifier identifying an activity; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>startTime</em>: an OPTIONAL time for the start of the activity; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>endTime</em>: an OPTIONAL time for the end of the activity; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs for this ' +
-' activity. ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' </ul> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' The following expression ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-'activity(a1,2011-11-16T16:05:00,2011-11-16T16:06:00, ' +
-' [ex:host="server.example.org",prov:type="ex:edit" %% xsd:QName]) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' states the existence of an activity with identifier <span class="name">a1</span>, ' +
-' start time <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:05:00</span>, and end time ' +
-' <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:06:00</span>, running on host <span class="name">server.example.org</span>, and of type <span class="name">edit</span>. ' +
-' The attribute <span class="name">host</span> is application specific ' +
-' (declared in some namespace with prefix <span class="name">ex</span>). ' +
-' The attribute <span class="name">type</span> is a reserved attribute of ' +
-' PROV-DM, allowing for sub-typing to be expressed. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-agent"> ' +
-' An agent<span class="withAsn">, noted <span class="name">agent(id, [ ' +
-' attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains: ' +
-' <ul> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>id</em>: an identifier identifying an agent; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>attributes</em>: a set of attribute-value pairs representing this ' +
-' agent\'s situation in the world. ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' </ul> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' The following expression is about an agent identified by <span class="name">e1</span>, which is a person, named Alice, with employee ' +
-' number 1234. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-'agent(e1, [ex:employee="1234", ex:name="Alice", prov:type="prov:Human" %% xsd:QName]) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' It is optional to specify the type of an agent. When present, it is ' +
-' expressed using the <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
-' Shouldn\'t we allow for entities (not agent) to be associated with an ' +
-' activity? Should we drop the inference association-agent? <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/203">ISSUE-203</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' The following note consists of a set of application-specific ' +
-' attribute-value pairs, intended to help the rendering of what it is ' +
-' associated with, by specifying its color and its position on the screen. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-'note(ex2:n1,[ex2:color="blue", ex2:screenX=20, ex2:screenY=30]) ' +
-'hasAnnotation(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex2:n1) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' The note is associated with the entity <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> ' +
-' previously introduced (<a title="annotation">hasAnnotation</a> is ' +
-' discussed in Section <a href="#term-annotation">Annotation</a>). The ' +
-' note\'s identifier and attributes are declares in a separate namespace ' +
-' denoted by prefix <span class="name">ex2</span>. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' Alternatively, a reputation service may enrich a provenance record with ' +
-' notes providing reputation ratings about agents. In the following ' +
-' fragment, both agents <span class="name">ex:Simon</span> and <span class="name">ex:Paolo</span> are rated "excellent". ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-'note(ex3:n2,[ex3:reputation="excellent"]) ' +
-'hasAnnotation(ex:Simon,ex3:n2) ' +
-'hasAnnotation(ex:Paolo,ex3:n2) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' The note\'s identifier and attributes are declares in a separate ' +
-' namespace denoted by prefix <span class="name">ex3</span>. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-generation"> ' +
-' <dfn title="dfn-Generation">Generation</dfn><span class="withAsn">, ' +
-' written <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id,e,a,t,attrs)</span> in ' +
-' PROV-ASN,</span> has the following components: ' +
-' <ul> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying a generation; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>entity</em>: an identifier identifying a created entity; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>activity</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the activity ' +
-' that creates the entity; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>time</em>: an OPTIONAL "generation time", the time at which the ' +
-' entity was completely created; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that ' +
-' describes the modalities of generation of this entity by this ' +
-' activity. ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' </ul> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' The following expressions ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-' wasGeneratedBy(e1,a1, 2001-10-26T21:32:52, [ex:port="p1", ex:order=1]) ' +
-' wasGeneratedBy(e2,a1, 2001-10-26T10:00:00, [ex:port="p1", ex:order=2]) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' state the existence of two generations (with respective times <span class="name">2001-10-26T21:32:52</span> and <span class="name">2001-10-26T10:00:00</span>), ' +
-' at which new entities, identified by <span class="name">e1</span> and ' +
-' <span class="name">e2</span>, are created by an activity, identified by ' +
-' <span class="name">a1</span>. The first one is available as the first ' +
-' value on port p1, whereas the other is the second value on port p1. The ' +
-' semantics of <span class="name">port</span> and <span class="name">order</span> ' +
-' are application specific. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' In some cases, we may want to record the time at which an entity was ' +
-' generated without having to specify the activity that generated it. To ' +
-' support this requirement, the activity component in generation is ' +
-' optional. Hence, the following expression indicates the time at which an ' +
-' entity is generated, without naming the activity that did it. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-' wasGeneratedBy(e,,2001-10-26T21:32:52) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-usage"> ' +
-' <dfn title="dfn-Usage">Usage</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">used(id,a,e,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> has the ' +
-' following constituents: ' +
-' <ul> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying a usage; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>activity</em>: an identifier for the consuming activity; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>entity</em>: an identifier for the consumed entity; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>time</em>: an OPTIONAL "usage time", the time at which the entity ' +
-' started to be used; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that ' +
-' describe the modalities of usage of this entity by this activity. ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' </ul> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' The following usages ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-' used(a1,e1,2011-11-16T16:00:00,[ex:parameter="p1"]) ' +
-' used(a1,e2,2011-11-16T16:00:01,[ex:parameter="p2"]) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' state that the activity identified by <span class="name">a1</span> ' +
-' consumed two entities identified by <span class="name">e1</span> and ' +
-' <span class="name">e2</span>, at times <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> ' +
-' and <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:01</span>, respectively; the ' +
-' first one was found as the value of parameter <span class="name">p1</span>, ' +
-' whereas the second was found as value of parameter <span class="name">p2</span>. ' +
-' The semantics of <span class="name">parameter</span> is application ' +
-' specific. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' </div><div class="note"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' A usage record\'s id is OPTIONAL. It MUST be present when annotating ' +
-' usage records (see Section <a href="#term-annotation">Annotation Record</a>) ' +
-' or when defining precise-1 derivations (see <a href="#Derivation-Relation">Derivation</a>). ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-activity-association"> ' +
-' An <dfn title="dfn-activity-association">activity association</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(id,a,ag,pl,attrs)</span> ' +
-' in PROV-ASN,</span> has the following constituents: ' +
-' <ul> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the association between an ' +
-' activity and an agent; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>activity</em>: an identifier for the activity; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>agent</em>: an identifier for the agent associated with the ' +
-' activity; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>plan</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the plan adopted by the ' +
-' agent in the context of this activity; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that ' +
-' describe the modalities of association of this activity with this ' +
-' agent. ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' </ul> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
-' In the following example, a designer and an operator agents are associated ' +
-' with an activity. The designer\'s goals are achieved by a workflow <span class="name">ex:wf</span>. ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-'activity(ex:a,[prov:type="workflow execution"]) ' +
-'agent(ex:ag1,[prov:type="operator"]) ' +
-'agent(ex:ag2,[prov:type="designer"]) ' +
-'wasAssociatedWith(ex:a,ex:ag1,[prov:role="loggedInUser", ex:how="webapp"]) ' +
-'wasAssociatedWith(ex:a,ex:ag2,ex:wf,[prov:role="designer", ex:context="project1"]) ' +
-'entity(ex:wf,[prov:type="prov:Plan"%% xsd:QName, ex:label="Workflow 1", ' +
-' ex:url="http://example.org/workflow1.bpel" %% xsd:anyURI]) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' Since the workflow <span class="name">ex:wf</span> is itself an entity, ' +
-' its provenance can also be expressed in PROV-DM: it can be generated by ' +
-' some activity and derived from other entities, for instance. ' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
-' The activity association record does not allow for a plan to be asserted ' +
-' without an agent. This seems over-restrictive. Discussed in the context of ' +
-' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/203">ISSUE-203</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
-' Agents should not be inferred. WasAssociatedWith should also work with ' +
-' entities. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/206">ISSUE-206</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' In the following example, ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-'wasStartedBy(a,ag,[ex:mode="manual"]) ' +
-'wasEndedby(a,ag,[ex:mode="manual"]) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' there is an activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> that was ' +
-' started and ended by an agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, ' +
-' in "manual" mode, an application specific characterization of these ' +
-' relations. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
-' Should we define start/end records as representation of activity start/end ' +
-' events. Should time be associated with these events rather than with ' +
-' activities. This will be similar to what we do for entities. This is issue ' +
-' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/207">ISSUE-207</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-responsibility-chain"> ' +
-' A <dfn title="dfn-responsibility-chain">responsibility chain</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(id,ag2,ag1,a,attrs)</span> ' +
-' in PROV-ASN,</span> has the following constituents: ' +
-' <ul> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the responsibility ' +
-' chain; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>subordinate</em>: an identifier for the agent associated with an ' +
-' activity, acting on behalf of the responsible agent; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>responsible</em>: an identifier for the agent, on behalf of which ' +
-' the subordinate agent acted; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>activity</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier of an activity for which the ' +
-' responsibility chain holds; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that ' +
-' describe the modalities of this relation. ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' </ul> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
-' In the following example, a programmer, a researcher and a funder agents ' +
-' are described. The programmer and researcher are associated with a ' +
-' workflow activity. The programmer acts on behalf of the researcher ' +
-' (delegation) encoding the commands specified by the researcher; the ' +
-' researcher acts on behalf of the funder, who has an contractual agreement ' +
-' with the researcher. The terms \'delegation\' and \'contact\' used in this ' +
-' example are domain specific. ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-'activity(a,[prov:type="workflow"]) ' +
-'agent(ag1,[prov:type="programmer"]) ' +
-'agent(ag2,[prov:type="researcher"]) ' +
-'agent(ag3,[prov:type="funder"]) ' +
-'wasAssociatedWith(a,ag1,[prov:role="loggedInUser"]) ' +
-'wasAssociatedWith(a,ag2) ' +
-'actedOnBehalfOf(ag1,ag2,a,[prov:type="delegation"]) ' +
-'actedOnBehalfOf(ag2,ag3,a,[prov:type="contract"]) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="note"> ' +
-' This text was not edited much. It keeps on referring to ' +
-' asserter/assertion. Before editing this section, we would like to have <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/249">ISSUE-249</a> ' +
-' resolved. ' +
-' </div><div class="attributes" id="attributes-derivation"> ' +
-' A <dfn>precise-1 derivation</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(id, e2, e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</span> in ' +
-' PROV-ASN,</span> contains: ' +
-' <ul> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the derivation; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>generatedEntity</em>: the identifier of the generation entity; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>usedEntity</em>: the identifier of the used entity; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>activity</em>: the identifier of the activity using and generating ' +
-' the above entities; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>generation</em>: the identifier the generation for the generated ' +
-' entity and activity; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>usage</em>: the identifier of the usage for the used entity and ' +
-' activity; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that ' +
-' describe the modalities of this derivation, optionally including the ' +
-' attribute-value pair <span class="name">prov:steps="single"</span>. ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' </ul> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' The following descriptions state the existence of derivations. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-'wasDerivedFrom(e5,e3,a4,g2,u2) ' +
-'wasDerivedFrom(e5,e3,a4,g2,u2,[prov:steps="single"]) ' +
-' ' +
-'wasDerivedFrom(e3,e2,[prov:steps="single"]) ' +
-' ' +
-'wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[]) ' +
-'wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:steps="any"]) ' +
-' ' +
-'wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,2012-01-18T16:00:00, [prov:steps="any"]) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' The first two are precise-1 derivations expressing that the activity ' +
-' identified by <span class="name">a4</span>, by using the entity denoted ' +
-' by <span class="name">e3</span> according to usage <span class="name">u2</span> ' +
-' derived the entity denoted by <span class="name">e5</span> and generated ' +
-' it according to generation <span class="name">g2</span>. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' The third line describes an imprecise-1 derivation, which is similar for ' +
-' <span class="name">e3</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, but it ' +
-' leaves the activity and associated attributes implicit. The fourth and ' +
-' fifth lines are about imprecise-n derivations between <span class="name">e2</span> ' +
-' and <span class="name">e1</span>, but no information is provided as to ' +
-' the number and identity of activities underpinning the derivation. The ' +
-' sixth derivation extends the fifth with the derivation time of <span class="name">e2</span>. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
-' Several points were raised about the attribute steps. Its name, its ' +
-' default value <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/180">ISSUE-180</a>. ' +
-' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/179">ISSUE-179</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
-' Emphasize the notion of \'affected by\' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/133">ISSUE-133</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
-' Is imprecise-1 derivation necessary? Can we just use precise-1 and ' +
-' imprecise-n? <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/249">ISSUE-249</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="anexample-alternate"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' The following expressions describe two persons, respectively holder of a ' +
-' Facebook account and a Twitter account, and their relation as alternate. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-'entity(facebook:ABC, [ prov:type="person with Facebook account " ]) ' +
-'entity(twitter:XYZ, [ prov:type="person with Twitter account" ]) ' +
-'alternateOf(facebook:ABC, twitter:XYZ) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="anexample-specialization"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' The following expressions describe two persons, the second of which is ' +
-' holder of a Twitter account. The second entity is a specialization of ' +
-' the first. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-'entity(ex:Bob, [ prov:type="person", ex:name="Bob" ]) ' +
-'entity(twitter:XYZ, [ prov:type="person with Twitter account" ]) ' +
-'specializationOf(twitter:XYZ, ex:Bob) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
-' A discussion on alternative definition of these relations has not yet ' +
-' reached a satisfactory conclusion. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/29">ISSUE-29</a>. Also <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/96">ISSUE-96</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="glossary" id="glossary-annotation"> ' +
-' An <dfn title="concept-annotation">annotation</dfn> is a link between ' +
-' something that is identifiable and a note referred to by its identifier. ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' The following expressions ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-'entity(e1,[prov:type="document"]) ' +
-'entity(e2,[prov:type="document"]) ' +
-'activity(a,t1,t2) ' +
-'used(u1,a,e1,[ex:file="stdin"]) ' +
-'wasGeneratedBy(e2, a, [ex:file="stdout"]) ' +
-' ' +
-'note(n1,[ex:icon="doc.png"]) ' +
-'hasAnnotation(e1,n1) ' +
-'hasAnnotation(e2,n1) ' +
-' ' +
-'note(n2,[ex:style="dotted"]) ' +
-'hasAnnotation(u1,n2) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' describe two documents (attribute-value pair: <span class="name">prov:type="document"</span>) ' +
-' identified by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, ' +
-' and their annotation with a note indicating that the icon (an ' +
-' application specific way of rendering provenance) is <span class="name">doc.png</span>. ' +
-' The example also includes an activity, its usage of the first entity, ' +
-' and its generation of the second entity. The <a title="dfn-usage">usage</a> ' +
-' is annotated with a style (an application specific way of rendering this ' +
-' edge graphically). To be able to express this annotation, the usage was ' +
-' provided with an identifier <span class="name">u1</span>, which was then ' +
-' referred to in <span class="name">hasAnnotation(u1,n2)</span>. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' The following activity start describes the role of the agent identified ' +
-' by <span class="name">ag</span> in this start relation with activity ' +
-' <span class="name">a</span>. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-' wasStartedBy(a,ag, [prov:role="program-operator"]) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' The following describes an agent of type software agent. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-' agent(ag, [prov:type="prov:ComputingSystem" %% xsd:QName]) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' The following expression declares an imprecise-1 derivation, which is ' +
-' known to involve one activity, though its identity, usage details of ' +
-' <span class="name">ex:e1</span>, and generation details of <span class="name">ex:e2</span> are not explicit. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-' wasDerivedFrom(ex:e2, ex:e1, [prov:steps="single"]) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
-' This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/219">ISSUE-219</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' The following expression describes entity Mona Lisa, a painting, with a ' +
-' location attribute. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-' entity(ex:MonaLisa, [prov:location="Le Louvres, Paris", prov:type="StillImage"]) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' </div><div class="note"> ' +
-' Usually, in programming languages, Literal are a notation for values. So, ' +
-' Literals should probably be moved to the serialization. Here, instead, we ' +
-' should define the types of values. Thoughts? ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' The following examples respectively are the string "abc", the string ' +
-' "abc", the integer number 1, and the IRI "http://example.org/foo". ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-' "abc" ' +
-' 1 ' +
-' "http://example.org/foo" %% xsd:anyURI ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' The following example shows a literal of type <span class="name">xsd:QName</span> ' +
-' (see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-2-20041028/#QName">QName</a> ' +
-' [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]]). The prefix <span class="name">ex</span> MUST be bound ' +
-' to a <a>namespace</a> declared in a <a>namespace declaration</a>. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-' "ex:value" %% xsd:QName ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' </div><div class="note"> ' +
-' It\'s a legacy of the charter that time is a top level section. Time is a ' +
-' specific kind of value, and should be folded into the "value" section. ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' Revisiting the example of <a href="#section-example-a">Section 3.1</a>, ' +
-' we can now state that the report <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> ' +
-' is a revision of the report <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</span>, ' +
-' approved by agent <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-'entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ]) ' +
-'entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ]) ' +
-'wasRevisionOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, w3:Consortium) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' Revisiting the example of <a href="#section-example-b">Section 3.2</a>, ' +
-' we can ascribe <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> to some ' +
-' agents without having to make an activity explicit. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-'agent(ex:Paolo, [ prov:type="Human" ]) ' +
-'agent(ex:Simon, [ prov:type="Human" ]) ' +
-'entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ]) ' +
-'wasAttributedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:Paolo, [prov:role="editor"]) ' +
-'wasAttributedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:Simon, [prov:role="contributor"]) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' Consider two long running services, which we represent by activities ' +
-' <span class="name">s1</span> and <span class="name">s2</span>. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-'activity(s1,,,[prov:type="service"]) ' +
-'activity(s2,,,[prov:type="service"]) ' +
-'wasInformedBy(s2,s1) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' The last line indicates that some entity was generated by <span class="name">s1</span> and used by <span class="name">s2</span>. ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' Suppose activities <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> ' +
-' are computer processes that are executed on different hosts, and that ' +
-' <span class="name">a1</span> started <span class="name">a2</span>. This ' +
-' can be expressed as in the following fragment: ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-'activity(a1,t1,t2,[ex:host="server1.example.org",prov:type="workflow"]) ' +
-'activity(a2,t3,t4,[ex:host="server2.example.org",prov:type="subworkflow"]) ' +
-'wasStartedBy(a2,a1) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' We refer to the example of <a href="#section-example-a">Section 3.1</a>, ' +
-' and specifically to <a href="#prov-tech-report">Figure prov-tech-report</a>. ' +
-' We can see that there is a path from <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> ' +
-' to <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span> or to <span class="name">pr:rec-advance</span>. ' +
-' This is expressed as follows. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-' tracedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,w3:Consortium) ' +
-' tracedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,pr:rec-advance) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' </div><div class="note"> ' +
-' I propose to delete the following, given that this document does not ' +
-' mention inferences. [LM] ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' Further considerations: ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' <ul> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' Traceability is more general than <a href="#Derivation-Relation">Derivation</a>. ' +
-' This means that an assertion of the form: <span class="name">tracedTo(...,e2,e1,...)</span> ' +
-' can be inferred from an assertion of the form: <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,..)</span>. ' +
-' The precise inference rules are specified in [REF]. ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' Traceability is related to responsibility by way of inference rules ' +
-' that involve <a href="#term-responsibility">responsibility chain</a> ' +
-' and <a href="#term-Generation">generation</a> relations. These rules ' +
-' are specified in [REF] ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' </ul> ' +
-' </div><div class="note"> ' +
-' looking at the definition, there is something wrong. It\'s not true that e2 ' +
-' was neceaary for e1 (in the transitive case) and that e1 bears ' +
-' responsibility. [LM] ' +
-' </div><div class="note"> ' +
-' I find that quotation is really a misnomer. This expands into derivation ' +
-' with attribution, in what sense is the derived entity a "quote" of the ' +
-' original? . The agent that is quoted is particularly obscure. It does not ' +
-' seem to be involved in the quoting at all. Why isn\'t quoting an activity ' +
-' with the quoting agent associated with it? [PM] ' +
-' </div><div class="note"> ' +
-' Omitted as this is likely to be removed [PM] ' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
-' Drop this relation <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/220">ISSUE-220</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="note"> ' +
-' I find this relation confusing. Please add an example. I wouldn\'t really ' +
-' know when to use this. [PM] ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-' entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection ' +
-' entity(v1) ' +
-' entity(v2) ' +
-' entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"]) ' +
-' entity(c2, [prov:type="Collection"]) ' +
-' ' +
-' CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, "k1", v1) // c1 = { ("k1",v1) } ' +
-' CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, "k2", v2) // c2 = { ("k1",v1), ("k2", v2) } ' +
-' CollectionAfterRemoval(c3, c2, k1) // c3 = { ("k2",v2) } ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' </div><div class="note"> ' +
-' I propose to call them afterInsertion instead of CollectionAfterInsertion ' +
-' (likewise, for deletion). What about attributes and optional Id? ' +
-' </div><div class="note"> ' +
-' Deleted further items. Some of them are constraints which belong to part ' +
-' 2. ' +
-' </div><div id="glossary_div" class="remove"> ' +
-' <!-- glossary loaded from glossary.js will be hooked up here, class ' +
-' remove, will remove this element from the final output. --> ' +
-' </div><div class="buttonpanel"> ' +
-' <form action="#"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' <input id="hide-bnf" onclick="set_display_by_class(\'div\',\'grammar\',\'none\'); set_display_by_id(\'hide-bnf\',\'none\'); set_display_by_id(\'show-bnf\',\'\');" type="button" value="Hide Grammar" /> <input id="show-bnf" onclick="set_display_by_class(\'div\',\'grammar\',\'\'); set_display_by_id(\'hide-bnf\',\'\'); set_display_by_id(\'show-bnf\',\'none\');" style="display: none" type="button" value="Show Grammar" /> <input id="hide-examples" onclick="set_display_by_class(\'div\',\'anexample\',\'none\'); set_display_by_id(\'hide-examples\',\'none\'); set_display_by_id(\'show-examples\',\'\');" type="button" value="Hide Examples" /> <input id="show-examples" onclick="set_display_by_class(\'div\',\'anexample\',\'\'); set_display_by_id(\'hide-examples\',\'\'); set_display_by_id(\'show-examples\',\'none\');" style="display: none" type="button" value="Show Examples" /> ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' </form> ' +
-' </div><div class="note"> ' +
-' TODO ' +
-' </div><div class="note"> ' +
-' Tentative definition of destruction! ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="a-report-example"> ' +
-' Different users may take different perspectives on a resource with a URL. ' +
-' For each perspective, an entity may be expressed: ' +
-' <ul> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' a report available at a URL: fixes the nature of the thing, i.e. a ' +
-' document, and its location; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' the version of the report available there today: fixes its version ' +
-' number, contents, and its date; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' the report independent of where it is hosted and of its content over ' +
-' time: fixes the nature of the thing as a conceptual artifact. ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' </ul> ' +
-' The provenance of these three entities may differ, and may be along the ' +
-' following lines: ' +
-' <ul> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' the provenance of a report available at a URL may include: the act of ' +
-' publishing it and making it available at a given location, possibly ' +
-' under some license and access control; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' the provenance of the version of the report available there today may ' +
-' include: the authorship of the specific content, and reference to ' +
-' imported content; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' the provenance of the report independent of where it is hosted over ' +
-' time may include: the motivation for writing the report, the overall ' +
-' methodology for producing it, and the broad team involved in it. ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' </ul> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
-' A file at some point during its lifecycle, which includes multiple edits ' +
-' by multiple people, can be described by its type, its location in the file ' +
-' system, a creator, and content. ' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
-' We need to refine the definition of entity and activity, and all the ' +
-' concepts in general. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/223">ISSUE-223</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="note"> ' +
-' The last point is important and needs to be discussed by the Working ' +
-' Group. It indicates that within an account: ' +
-' <ul> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' It is always possible to add new provenance descriptions, e.g. stating ' +
-' that a given entity was used by an activity. This is very much an open ' +
-' world assumption. ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' It is not permitted to add new attributes to a given entity (a form of ' +
-' closed world assumption from the attributes point of view), though it ' +
-' is always permitted to create a new description for an entity, which ' +
-' is a "copy" of the original description extended with novel attributes ' +
-' (cf Example <a href="#merge-with-rename">merge-with-rename</a>). ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' </ul> ' +
-' </div><div class="note"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' Overview the kind of constraints ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' <ul> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' Definitional constraints (<a href="#definitional-constraints">Section ' +
-' 4</a>) ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' Account constraints (<a href="#account-constraints">Section 5</a>) ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' Event ordering constraints (<a href="#interpretation">Section 6</a>) ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' Structural constraints (<a href="#structural-constraints">Section 7</a>) ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' Collection constraints (<a href="#collection-constraints">Section 8</a>) ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' </ul> ' +
-' </div><div class="note"> ' +
-' Proposing to remove the subsections in this section, since some have no ' +
-' constraints. ' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
-' There is still some confusion about what the identifiers really denote. ' +
-' For instance, are they entity identifiers or entity record identifiers. ' +
-' This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/183">ISSUE-183</a>. ' +
-' An example and questions appear in <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/215">ISSUE-215</a>. A ' +
-' related issued is also raised in <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/145">ISSUE-145</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
-' The characterization interval of an entity record is currently implicit. ' +
-' Making it explicit would allow us to define alternateOf and ' +
-' specializationOf more precisely. Beginning and end of characterization ' +
-' interval could be expressed by attributes (similarly to activities). How ' +
-' do we define the end of an entity? This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/204">ISSUE-204</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="interpretation-forward"> ' +
-' For the interpretation of an activity, see <a href="#start-precedes-end">start-precedes-end</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
-' Shouldn\'t we allow for entities (not agent) to be associated with an ' +
-' activity? Should we drop the inference association-agent? <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/203">ISSUE-203</a>. ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' One can assert an agent record or alternatively, one can infer an agent ' +
-' record by its association with an activity. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' <div class="inference" id="association-agent"> ' +
-' <span class="conditional">If</span> the records <span class="name">entity(e,attrs)</span> ' +
-' and <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span> hold for some ' +
-' identifiers <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span>, ' +
-' and attribute-values <span class="name">attrs</span>, then the record ' +
-' <span class="name">agent(e,attrs)</span> also holds. ' +
-' </div> ' +
-' </div><div class="inference" id="association-agent"> ' +
-' <span class="conditional">If</span> the records <span class="name">entity(e,attrs)</span> ' +
-' and <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span> hold for some ' +
-' identifiers <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span>, ' +
-' and attribute-values <span class="name">attrs</span>, then the record ' +
-' <span class="name">agent(e,attrs)</span> also holds. ' +
-' </div><div class="interpretation-forward"> ' +
-' For the interpretation of a generation, see <a href="#generation-within-activity">generation-within-activity</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="structural-forward"> ' +
-' See <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a> for a ' +
-' structural constraint on generations. ' +
-' </div><div class="interpretation-forward"> ' +
-' For the interpretation of a usage, see <a href="#generation-precedes-usage">generation-precedes-usage</a> ' +
-' and <a href="#usage-within-activity">usage-within-activity</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="interpretation-forward"> ' +
-' For the interpretation of an activity association, see <a href="#wasAssociatedWith-ordering">wasAssociatedWith-ordering</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
-' The activity association record does not allow for a plan to be asserted ' +
-' without an agent. This seems over-restrictive. Discussed in the context of ' +
-' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/203">ISSUE-203</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
-' Agents should not be inferred. WasAssociatedWith should also work with ' +
-' entities. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/206">ISSUE-206</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
-' Should we define start/end records as representation of activity start/end ' +
-' events. Should time be associated with these events rather than with ' +
-' activities. This will be similar to what we do for entities. This is issue ' +
-' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/207">ISSUE-207</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="inference" id="derivation-implications"> ' +
-' Given two entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> the assertion ' +
-' <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</span> holds ' +
-' for some generation identified by <span class="name">g2</span>, and usage ' +
-' identified by <span class="name">u1</span>, then <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:steps="single"] ' +
-' cup; attrs)</span> also holds.<br /> Given two entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> the assertion <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2, ' +
-' e1, [prov:steps="single"] cup; attrs)</span> holds, then <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,attrs)</span> also holds.<br /> ' +
-' </div><div class="interpretation-forward"> ' +
-' For the interpretation of a derivation, see <a href="#derivation-usage-generation-ordering">derivation-usage-generation-ordering</a> ' +
-' and <a href="#derivation-generation-generation-ordering">derivation-generation-generation-ordering</a> ' +
-' </div><div class="inference" id="activity-introduction"> ' +
-' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> ' +
-' holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> there exist an activity, with ' +
-' identifier <span class="name">a</span>, a usage identified by <span class="name">u</span>, and a generation identified by <span class="name">g</span> ' +
-' such that: ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-'activity(a,aAttrs) ' +
-'wasGeneratedBy(g,e2,a,gAttrs) ' +
-'used(u,a,e1,uAttrs) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' for sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">gAttrs</span>, <span class="name">uAttrs</span>, and <span class="name">aAttrs</span>. ' +
-' </div><div class="inference" id="derivation-time-elimination"> ' +
-' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,t,attrs)</span> ' +
-' holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> the following expressions ' +
-' also hold: <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,attrs)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,t)</span>. ' +
-' </div><div class="structural-forward"> ' +
-' See <a href="#derivation-use">derivation-use</a> for a structural ' +
-' constraint on derivations. ' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
-' Several points were raised about the attribute steps. Its name, its ' +
-' default value <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/180">ISSUE-180</a>. ' +
-' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/179">ISSUE-179</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
-' Emphasize the notion of \'affected by\' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/133">ISSUE-133</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
-' Simplify derivation <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/249">ISSUE-249</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="note"> ' +
-' In order to further convey the intended meaning, the following properties ' +
-' are associated to these two relations. ' +
-' <ul> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> is <strong>transitive</strong>: ' +
-' <span class="name">specializationOf(e3,e2)</span> and <span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> implies <span class="name">specializationOf(e3,e1)</span>. ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> is <strong>anti-symmetric</strong>: ' +
-' <span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> implies that <span class="name">specializationOf(e1,e2)</span> does not hold. ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <span class="name">alternateOf(e2,e1)</span> is <strong>symmetric</strong>: ' +
-' <span class="name">alternateOf(e2,e1)</span> implies <span class="name">alternateOf(e1,e2)</span>. ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' </ul> ' +
-' There are proposals to make alternateOf a transitive property. This is ' +
-' still under discussion and the default is for alternateOf <strong>not</strong> ' +
-' to be transitive, and this is what the current text reflects. ' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
-' A discussion on alternative definition of these relations has not reached ' +
-' a satisfactory conclusion yet. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/29">ISSUE-29</a>. Also <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/96">ISSUE-96</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="inference" id="traceability-inference"> ' +
-' Given two identifiers <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span> ' +
-' for entities, the following statements hold: ' +
-' <ol> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1)</span> ' +
-' holds, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">g2</span>, ' +
-' <span class="name">u1</span>, <span class="conditional">then</span> ' +
-' <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds. ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> ' +
-' holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> ' +
-' also holds. ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr) ' +
-' and wasAssociatedWith(a,e1)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span> ' +
-' and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, <span class="conditional">then</span> ' +
-' <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds. ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr)</span>, ' +
-' <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span> and <span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(e,e1)</span> ' +
-' hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span>, ' +
-' and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, <span class="conditional">then</span> ' +
-' <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds. ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr) ' +
-' and wasStartedBy(a,e1,sAttr)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, ' +
-' <span class="name">e</span>, and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, and ' +
-' <span class="name">sAttr</span>, <span class="conditional">then</span> ' +
-' <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds. ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e)</span> ' +
-' and <span class="name">tracedTo(e,e1)</span> hold for some <span class="name">e</span>, <span class="conditional">then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds. ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' </ol> ' +
-' </div><div class="constraint" id="traceability-assertion"> ' +
-' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(r2,r1,attrs)</span> ' +
-' holds for two identifiers <span class="name">r2</span> and <span class="name">r1</span> identifying entities, and attribute-value pairs ' +
-' <span class="name">attrs</span>, <span class="conditional">then</span> ' +
-' there exist <span class="name">e<sup>0</sup></span>, <span class="name">e<sup>1</sup></span>, ' +
-' ..., <span class="name">e<sup>n</sup></span> for <span class="name">nge;1</span>, ' +
-' with <span class="name">e<sup>0</sup></span>=<span class="name">r2</span> ' +
-' and <span class="name">e<sup>n</sup></span>=<span class="name">r1</span>, ' +
-' and for any i such that <span class="name">0le;ile;n-1</span>, at least ' +
-' of the following statements holds: ' +
-' <ul> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>,a,g2,u1)</span> ' +
-' holds, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">g2</span>, ' +
-' <span class="name">u1</span>, or ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span> ' +
-' holds, or ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <span class="name">wasBasedOn(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span> ' +
-' holds, or ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr) and ' +
-' wasAssociatedWith(a,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span> and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, or ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr)</span>, <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span> and <span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(e,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span> ' +
-' hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span> ' +
-' and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, or ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr) and ' +
-' wasStartedBy(a,e<sup>i+1</sup>,sAttr)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span>, and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, and <span class="name">sAttr</span>. ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' </ul> ' +
-' </div><div class="constraint" id="wasInformedBy-Definition"> ' +
-' Given two activities identified by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>, <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span> ' +
-' holds, <span class="conditional">if and only if</span> there is an entity ' +
-' with some identifier <span class="name">e</span> and some sets of ' +
-' attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs1</span> and <span class="name">attrs2</span>, such that <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a1,attrs1)</span> ' +
-' and <span class="name">used(a2,e,attrs2)</span> hold. ' +
-' </div><div class="interpretation-forward"> ' +
-' For the interpretation of an information flow ordering, see <a href="#wasInformedBy-ordering">wasInformedBy-ordering</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="constraint" id="wasStartedBy"> ' +
-' Given two activities with identifiers <span class="name">a1</span> and ' +
-' <span class="name">a2</span>, <span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,a1)</span> ' +
-' holds <span class="conditional">if and only if</span> there exist an ' +
-' entity with some identifier <span class="name">e</span> and some ' +
-' attributes <span class="name">gAttr</span> and <span class="name">sAttr</span>, ' +
-' such that <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a1,gAttr)</span> and <span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,e,sAttr)</span> hold. ' +
-' </div><div class="interpretation-forward"> ' +
-' For the interpretation of a control flow ordering, see <a href="#wasStartedBy-ordering">wasStartedBy-ordering</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="inference" id="wasRevision"> ' +
-' Given two identifiers <span class="name">old</span> and <span class="name">new</span> ' +
-' identifying two entities, and an identifier <span class="name">ag</span> ' +
-' identifying an agent, <span class="conditional">if</span> <span class="name">wasRevisionOf(new,old,ag)</span> holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> there exists an entity with some ' +
-' identifier <span class="name">e</span> and some attribute-values <span class="name">eAttrs</span>, <span class="name">dAttrs</span>, such that ' +
-' the following hold: ' +
-' <ul> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(new,old,dAttrs)</span>; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <span class="name">entity(e,eAttrs)</span>; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <span class="name">specializationOf(new,e)</span>; ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' <li> ' +
-' <span class="name">specializationOf(old,e)</span>. ' +
-' </li> ' +
-' </ul> ' +
-' The derivation may be imprecise-1 or imprecise-n. ' +
-' </div><div class="inference" id="attribution-implication"> ' +
-' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e,ag)</span> ' +
-' holds for some identifiers <span class="name">e</span> and <span class="name">ag</span>, <span class="conditional">then</span>, there ' +
-' exists an activity with some identifier <span class="name">a</span> such ' +
-' that the following statements hold: ' +
-'<pre xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-'activity(a,t1,t2,attr1) ' +
-'wasGenerateBy(e,a) ' +
-'wasAssociatedWith(a,ag,attr2) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' for some sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attr1</span> and ' +
-' <span class="name">attr2</span>, time <span class="name">t1</span>, and ' +
-' <span class="name">t2</span>. ' +
-' </div><div class="inference" id="quotation-implication"> ' +
-' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasQuotedFrom(e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</span> ' +
-' holds for some identifiers <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="name">e1</span>, ' +
-' <span class="name">ag2</span>, <span class="name">ag1</span>, <span class="conditional">then</span> the following hold: ' +
-'<pre xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-'wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1) ' +
-'wasAttributedTo(e2,ag2) ' +
-'wasAttributedTo(e1,ag1) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
-' Drop this relation <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/220">ISSUE-220</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="example-two-entities-one-id"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' Let us consider two descriptions of a same entity, which we have taken ' +
-' from two different contexts (see example). A working draft published by ' +
-' the <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>: ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-'entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ]) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' The second version of a document edited by some authors: ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-'entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ]) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' Both descriptions are about the same entity identified by <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>, but they contain different ' +
-' attributes, reflecting the context in which they occur. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' </div><div class="constraint" id="unique-description-in-account"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' Given an entity identifier <span class="name">e</span>, there is at most ' +
-' one description <span class="name">entity(e,av)</span> occurring in a ' +
-' given account, where <span class="name">av</span> is some set of ' +
-' attribute-values. Other descriptions of the same entity can exist in ' +
-' different accounts. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' This constraint similarly applies to all other types of identifiable ' +
-' entities and relations. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' </div><div class="structural-forward"> ' +
-' See Section <a href="#structural-constraints">structural-constraints</a> ' +
-' for a structural constraint on accounts ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="merge-with-rename"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' We now reconsider the same two descriptions of a same entity, but we ' +
-' change the identifier for one of them: ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-'entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ]) ' +
-'entity(ex:alternate-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ]) ' +
-'alternateOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex:alternate-20111215) ' +
-'alternateOf(ex:alternate-20111215,tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' </div><div class="interpretation" id="start-precedes-end"> ' +
-' The following ordering constraint holds for any activity: the <a title="activity start event">start event</a> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity end event">end event</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="interpretation" id="generation-precedes-usage"> ' +
-' For any entity, the following ordering constraint holds: the <a title="entity generation event">generation</a> of an entity always <a>precedes</a> ' +
-' any of its <a title="entity usage event">usages</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="interpretation" id="usage-within-activity"> ' +
-' Given an activity with identifier <span class="name">a</span>, an entity ' +
-' with identifier <span class="name">e</span>, a set of attribute-value ' +
-' pairs <span class="name">attrs</span>, and optional time <span class="name">t</span>, ' +
-' <span class="conditional">if</span> assertion <span class="name">used(a,e,attrs)</span> ' +
-' or <span class="name">used(a,e,attrs,t)</span> holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> the following ordering constraint holds: ' +
-' the <a title="entity usage event">usage</a> of the entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity end event">end</a> ' +
-' of activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> and <a>follows</a> its ' +
-' <a title="activity start event">start</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="interpretation" id="generation-within-activity"> ' +
-' Given an activity with identifier <span class="name">a</span>, an entity ' +
-' with identifier <span class="name">e</span>, a set of attribute-value ' +
-' pairs <span class="name">attrs</span>, and optional time <span class="name">t</span>, ' +
-' <span class="conditional">if</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a,attrs)</span> ' +
-' or <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a,attrs,t)</span> holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> the following ordering constraint also ' +
-' holds: the <a title="entity generation event">generation</a> of the entity ' +
-' denoted by <span class="name">e</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity end event">end</a> of activity <span class="name">a</span> ' +
-' and <a>follows</a> the <a title="activity start event">start</a> of <span class="name">a</span>. ' +
-' </div><div class="interpretation" id="derivation-usage-generation-ordering"> ' +
-' Given an activity with identifier <span class="name">a</span>, entities ' +
-' with identifier <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, ' +
-' a generation identified by <span class="name">g2</span>, and a usage ' +
-' identified by <span class="name">u1</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> ' +
-' <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1,attrs)</span> or <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:steps="single"] cup; attrs)</span> ' +
-' holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> the following ordering ' +
-' constraint holds: the <a title="entity usage event">usage</a> of entity ' +
-' denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="entity generation event">generation</a> of the entity denoted by ' +
-' <span class="name">e2</span>. ' +
-' </div><div class="interpretation" id="derivation-generation-generation-ordering"> ' +
-' Given two entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:steps="any"] cup; attrs)</span> ' +
-' holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> the following ordering ' +
-' constraint holds: the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> ' +
-' of the entity denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> <a>precedes</a> the ' +
-' <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> of the entity ' +
-' denoted by <span class="name">e2</span>. ' +
-' </div><div class="interpretation" id="wasInformedBy-ordering"> ' +
-' Given two activities denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span> holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> ' +
-' the following ordering constraint holds: the <a title="activity start event">start event</a> of the activity denoted by ' +
-' <span class="name">a1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity end event">end event</a> of the activity denoted by <span class="name">a2</span>. ' +
-' </div><div class="interpretation" id="wasStartedBy-ordering"> ' +
-' Given two activities denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> <span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,a1)</span> holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> ' +
-' the following ordering constraint holds: the <a title="activity start event">start</a> event of the activity denoted by ' +
-' <span class="name">a1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity start event">start event</a> of the activity denoted by ' +
-' <span class="name">a2</span>. ' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
-' In the following, we assume that we can talk about the end of an entity ' +
-' (or agent) For this, we use the term \'destruction\' This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/204">ISSUE-204</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="interpretation" id="wasStartedByAgent-ordering"> ' +
-' Given an activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> and an agent ' +
-' denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> ' +
-' <span class="name">wasStartedBy(a,ag)</span> holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> the following ordering constraints hold: ' +
-' the <a title="activity start event">start</a> event of the activity ' +
-' denoted by <span class="name">a</span> <a>follows</a> the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> for agent denoted by ' +
-' <span class="name">ag</span>, and <a>precedes</a> the destruction event of ' +
-' the same agent. ' +
-' </div><div class="interpretation" id="wasAssociatedWith-ordering"> ' +
-' Given an activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> and an agent ' +
-' denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> ' +
-' <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,ag)</span> holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> the following ordering constraints hold: ' +
-' the <a title="activity start event">start</a> event of the activity ' +
-' denoted by <span class="name">a</span> precedes the destruction event of ' +
-' the agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, and the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> for agent denoted by ' +
-' <span class="name">ag</span> <a>precedes</a> the activity <a title="activity end event">end</a> event. ' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
-' For completeness, we should define ordering constraint for ' +
-' wasAssociatedWith and actedOnBehalfOf. For wasAssociatedWith(a,ag), it ' +
-' feels that ag must have some overlap with a. For ' +
-' actedOnBehalfOf(ag1,ag2,a), it seem that ag2 should have existed before ' +
-' the overlap between ag1 and a. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/221">ISSUE-221</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
-' It is suggested that a stronger name for wasAssociatedWith should be ' +
-' adopted. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/182">ISSUE-182</a>. ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' In the following assertions, a workflow execution <span class="name">a0</span> ' +
-' consists of two sub-workflow executions <span class="name">a1</span> and ' +
-' <span class="name">a2</span>. Sub-workflow execution <span class="name">a2</span> ' +
-' generates entity <span class="name">e</span>, so does <span class="name">a0</span>. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-'activity(a0,,,[prov:type="workflow execution"]) ' +
-'activity(a1,,,[prov:type="workflow execution"]) ' +
-'activity(a2,,,[prov:type="workflow execution"]) ' +
-'wasInformedBy(a2,a1) ' +
-' ' +
-'wasGeneratedBy(e,a0) ' +
-'wasGeneratedBy(e,a2) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' So, we have two different <a title="generation">generations</a> for ' +
-' entity <span class="name">e</span>. Such an example is permitted in ' +
-' PROV-DM if the two activities denoted by <span class="name">a0</span> ' +
-' and <span class="name">a2</span> are a single thing happening in the ' +
-' world but described from different perspectives. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' The same example is now revisited, with the following assertions that ' +
-' are structurally well-formed. Two accounts are introduced, and there is ' +
-' a single generation for entity <span class="name">e</span> per account. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' In a first account, entitled "summary", we find: ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-' activity(a0,t1,t2,[prov:type="workflow execution"]) ' +
-' wasGeneratedBy(e,a0) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' In a second account, entitled "detail", we find: ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-' activity(a1,t1,t3,[prov:type="workflow execution"]) ' +
-' activity(a2,t3,t2,[prov:type="workflow execution"]) ' +
-' wasInformedBy(a2,a1) ' +
-' wasGeneratedBy(e,a2) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' </div><div class="constraint" id="generation-uniqueness"> ' +
-' Given an entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span>, two activities ' +
-' denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>, ' +
-' and two sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs1</span> and ' +
-' <span class="name">attrs2</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> ' +
-' <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id1,e,a1,attrs1)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id2,e,a2,attrs2)</span> exist in the scope of ' +
-' a given account, <span class="conditional">then</span> <span class="name">id1</span>=<span class="name">id2</span>, <span class="name">a1</span>=<span class="name">a2</span> ' +
-' and <span class="name">attrs1</span>=<span class="name">attrs2</span>. ' +
-' </div><div class="inference" id="derivation-use"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' Given an activity with identifier <span class="name">a</span>, entities ' +
-' denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, ' +
-' and a set of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs2</span>, ' +
-' <span class="conditional">if</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1, ' +
-' [prov:steps="single"])</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,attrs2)</span> ' +
-' hold, <span class="conditional">then</span> <span class="name">used(a,e1,attrs1)</span> ' +
-' also holds for some set of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs1</span>. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' </div><div class="note"> ' +
-' Can the semantics characterize better what can be achieved with ' +
-' structurally well-formed accounts? ' +
-' </div><div class="note" id="note-related-to-issue-105"> ' +
-' Satya discussed the example of a sculpture, whose hand and leg are ' +
-' sculpted independently by two different sculptors. He suggested that the ' +
-' sculpture is generated by two distinct activities. This section explains ' +
-' that it is not the case. The example can be formulated as follows. ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' <a href="examples/sculpture.prov-asn">Sculpture example in ASN</a> ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' <a href="examples/sculpture.png">Sculpture example image</a> ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' We see that ex:s_3 (the sculpture in its final state) was derived from ' +
-' ex:l_2 (containment) which was generated by ex:a2. However, ex:s_3 is ' +
-' not directly generated by ex:a2. We may want to consider an abbreviation ' +
-' for this: wasGeneratedBy*(ex:s_3,ex:a2). ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' </div><div class="note"> ' +
-' Raw material taken from prov-dm3. Some further text required. ' +
-' </div><div class="constraint" id="collection-parallel-insertions"> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' One can have multiple assertions regarding the state of a collection ' +
-' following a <em>set</em> of insertions, for example: ' +
-' </p> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-'CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, k1, v1) ' +
-'CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, k2, v2) ' +
-'... ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' This is interpreted as <em>" <span class="name">c2</span> is the state ' +
-' that results from inserting <span class="name">(k1, v1)</span>, <span class="name">(k2, v2)</span> etc. into <span class="name">c1</span>"</em> ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' </div><div class="note"> ' +
-' Shouldn\'t we have the same for deletion, and combination of insertion and ' +
-' deletion? ' +
-' </div><div class="constraint" id="collection-branching-derivations"> ' +
-' It is possible to have multiple derivations from a single root collection, ' +
-' as shown in the following example. ' +
-' <div class="anexample"> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-' entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection ' +
-' entity(v1) ' +
-' entity(v2) ' +
-' entity(v3) ' +
-' entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"]) ' +
-' entity(c2, [prov:type="Collection"]) ' +
-' entity(c3, [prov:type="Collection"]) ' +
-' ' +
-' CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 = { (k1,v1) } ' +
-' CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c, k2, v2) // c2 = { (k2 v2) } ' +
-' CollectionAfterInsertion(c3, c1, k3,v3) // c3 = { (k1,v1), (k3,v3) } ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' </div> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-' entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection ' +
-' entity(v1) ' +
-' entity(v2) ' +
-' entity(v3) ' +
-' entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"]) ' +
-' entity(c2, [prov:type="Collection"]) ' +
-' entity(c3, [prov:type="Collection"]) ' +
-' ' +
-' CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 = { (k1,v1) } ' +
-' CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c, k2, v2) // c2 = { (k2 v2) } ' +
-' CollectionAfterInsertion(c3, c1, k3,v3) // c3 = { (k1,v1), (k3,v3) } ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' </div><div class="constraint" id="collection-unique-ancestor"> ' +
-' Given the pair of assertions: ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-'CollectionAfterInsertion(c, c1, k1, v1) ' +
-'CollectionAfterInsertion(c, c2, k2, v2) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' it follows that <span class="name">c1==c2</span>. ' +
-' </div><div class="note"> ' +
-' Original text stated it follows that <span class="name">c1==c2, k1==k2, ' +
-' v1==v2</span>, because one cannot have two different derivations for the ' +
-' same final collection state. This is incompatible with parallel insertion ' +
-' constraint. ' +
-' </div><div class="note"> ' +
-' Shouldn\'t we have the same for deletion, and combination of insertion and ' +
-' deletion? ' +
-' </div><div class="constraint" id="collection-unique-value-for-key"> ' +
-' Given the following set of insertions: ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-'CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k, v1) ' +
-'CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k, v2) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' it follows that <span class="name">v1==v2</span>. ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-' entity(c, [prov:type="collection"]) // e is a collection, possibly not empty ' +
-' entity(v1) ' +
-' entity(v2, [prov:type="collection"]) // v2 is a collection ' +
-' ' +
-' CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 <em>includes</em> { (k1,v1) } but may contain additional unknown pairs ' +
-' CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, k2, v2) // c2 includes { (k1,v1), (k2 v2) } where v2 is a collection with unknown state ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
-' entity(c, [prov:type="emptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection ' +
-' entity(v1) ' +
-' entity(v2) ' +
-' ' +
-' CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 = { (k1,v1) } ' +
-' wasDerivedFrom(c2, c1) // the asserted knows that c2 is somehow derived from c1, but cannot assert the precise sequence of updates ' +
-' CollectionAfterInsertion(c3, c2, k2, v2) ' +
-'</pre> ' +
-' <p> ' +
-' Here <span class="name">c3</span> includes <span class="name">{ (k2 v2) ' +
-' }</span> but the earlier "gap" leaves uncertainty regarding <span class="name">(k1,v1)</span> (it may have been removed) or any other pair ' +
-' that may have been added as part of the derivation activities. ' +
-' </p> ' +
-' </div><div class="note"> ' +
-' Purely tentative ' +
-' </div><div class="note"> ' +
-' What is the meaning here? Is it any different? Are stating anything ' +
-' about newer version of tr:prov-dm that occur after ' +
-' 2011-12-15T12:00:00? ' +
-' </div><div class="note"> ' +
-' What is the meaning here? that only the version that was created by ' +
-' this event is attributed to ex:Simon, but not previous ones. This ' +
-' means that it is not specfied whether he was an author in anterior ' +
-' versions. ' +
-' </div><div class="note"> ' +
-' Speculative, since we have not defined the destruction event (yet?. ' +
-' What is the meaning here? that only the versions that existed during ' +
-' this characterization interval were attributed to ex:Simon. ' +
-' </div><span class="glossary" id="glossary-account"> An <dfn>account</dfn> is a ' +
-' named bundle of provenance descriptions. </span><span class="glossary" id="glossary-entity"> <dfn id="concept-accountEntity">AccountEntity</dfn> is the category of entities ' +
-' that are accounts, i.e. named bundles of provenance descriptions. </span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">entity(e,attrs)</span><span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">attrs</span><span class="name">agent(e,attrs)</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</span><span class="name">g2</span><span class="name">u1</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:steps="single"] ' +
-' cup; attrs)</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2, ' +
-' e1, [prov:steps="single"] cup; attrs)</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,attrs)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">u</span><span class="name">g</span><span class="name">gAttrs</span><span class="name">uAttrs</span><span class="name">aAttrs</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(g, ' +
-' e2, a, attrs2)</span><span class="name">used(u, a, e1, ' +
-' attrs1)</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">attrs1</span><span class="name">attrs2</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2, ' +
-' e1, a, g, u)</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,t,attrs)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,attrs)</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,t)</span><span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span><span class="name">specializationOf(e3,e2)</span><span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span><span class="name">specializationOf(e3,e1)</span><span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span><span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span><span class="name">specializationOf(e1,e2)</span><span class="name">alternateOf(e2,e1)</span><span class="name">alternateOf(e2,e1)</span><span class="name">alternateOf(e1,e2)</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">g2</span><span class="name">u1</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr) ' +
-' and wasAssociatedWith(a,e1)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">gAttr</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr)</span><span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span><span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(e,e1)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">gAttr</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr) ' +
-' and wasStartedBy(a,e1,sAttr)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">gAttr</span><span class="name">sAttr</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e)</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e,e1)</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">tracedTo(r2,r1,attrs)</span><span class="name">r2</span><span class="name">r1</span><span class="name">attrs</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">e<sup>0</sup></span><span class="name">e<sup>1</sup></span><span class="name">e<sup>n</sup></span><span class="name">nge;1</span><span class="name">e<sup>0</sup></span><span class="name">r2</span><span class="name">e<sup>n</sup></span><span class="name">r1</span><span class="name">0le;ile;n-1</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>,a,g2,u1)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">g2</span><span class="name">u1</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span><span class="name">wasBasedOn(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr) and ' +
-' wasAssociatedWith(a,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">gAttr</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr)</span><span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span><span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(e,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">gAttr</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr) and ' +
-' wasStartedBy(a,e<sup>i+1</sup>,sAttr)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">gAttr</span><span class="name">sAttr</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span><span class="conditional">if and only if</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">attrs1</span><span class="name">attrs2</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a1,attrs1)</span><span class="name">used(a2,e,attrs2)</span><span class="name">wasInformedBy</span><span class="name">wasInformedBy(a3,a1)</span><span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">wasInformedBy(a3,a2)</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a3</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">a3</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a3</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,a1)</span><span class="conditional">if and only if</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">gAttr</span><span class="name">sAttr</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a1,gAttr)</span><span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,e,sAttr)</span><span class="name">wasStartedBy</span><span class="name">wasStartedBy</span><span class="name">wasStartedBy</span><span class="name">old</span><span class="name">new</span><span class="name">ag</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasRevisionOf(new,old,ag)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">eAttrs</span><span class="name">dAttrs</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(new,old,dAttrs)</span><span class="name">entity(e,eAttrs)</span><span class="name">specializationOf(new,e)</span><span class="name">specializationOf(old,e)</span><span class="name">wasRevisionOf</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e,ag)</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">ag</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">attr1</span><span class="name">attr2</span><span class="name">t1</span><span class="name">t2</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasQuotedFrom(e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">ag2</span><span class="name">ag1</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">w3:Consortium</span><span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">entity(e,av)</span><span class="name">av</span><span class="name">alternateOf</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">attrs</span><span class="name">t</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">used(a,e,attrs)</span><span class="name">used(a,e,attrs,t)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">attrs</span><span class="name">t</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a,attrs)</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a,attrs,t)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">g2</span><span class="name">u1</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1,attrs)</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:steps="single"] cup; attrs)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:steps="any"] cup; attrs)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,a1)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">ag</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasStartedBy(a,ag)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">ag</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">ag</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,ag)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">ag</span><span class="name">ag</span><span class="name">g1</span><span class="name">g2</span><span class="name">a0</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">a0</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">a0</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">attrs1</span><span class="name">attrs2</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id1,e,a1,attrs1)</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id2,e,a2,attrs2)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">id1</span><span class="name">id2</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">attrs1</span><span class="name">attrs2</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">attrs2</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1, ' +
-' [prov:steps="single"])</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,attrs2)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">used(a,e1,attrs1)</span><span class="name">attrs1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span><span class="name">used(a,e1)</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,attrs2)</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">c2</span><span class="name">(k1, v1)</span><span class="name">(k2, v2)</span><span class="name">c1</span><span class="name">c1==c2</span><span class="name">c1==c2, k1==k2, ' +
-' v1==v2</span><span class="name">v1==v2</span><span class="name">c2</span><span class="name">c3</span><span class="name">{ (k2 v2) ' +
-' }</span><span class="name">(k1,v1)</span><span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span><span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span><span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span><span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</span><span class="name">w3:Consortium</span><span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span><span class="name">w3:Consortium</span><span class="name">ex:acc1</span><span class="name">ex:acc1</span><span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span><span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span></html> ' +
-' ' ;
--- a/model/working-copy/commonRelations.svg Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
-<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
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-<rect fill="none" height="71" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="94" x="211" y="128"/>
-<text font-family="Lucida Grande" font-size="13" x="234" y="142">
-Activity</text>
-<rect fill="#000000" height="1" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="94" x="211" y="152"/>
-<rect fill="#000000" height="1" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="94" x="211" y="175"/>
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-<text font-family="Lucida Grande" font-size="13" x="583" y="142">
-Agent</text>
-<rect fill="#000000" height="1" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="174" x="515" y="152"/>
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-<text font-family="Lucida Grande" font-size="13" x="920" y="150">
-Entity</text>
-<rect fill="#000000" height="1" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="142" x="867" y="160"/>
-<rect fill="#000000" height="1" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="142" x="867" y="183"/>
-<polyline fill="none" points="867,168 689,168" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1"/>
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-<text font-family="Lucida Grande" font-size="13" x="696" y="161">
-wasAttributedTo</text>
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-wasStartedBy</text>
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--- a/model/working-copy/constraints-comments-PM.txt Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-General comments:
-
-much improved over the version before James' edits!
-
-1.
-
-I like the distinction:
-- constraints that define validity, and
-- inferences that express necessary conditions (if - then) and can be generative.
-- definitions,
-which is now crisp (to me): constraints do not add new provenance facts, inference rules (incl. definitions) do (please correct if my understanding is wrong).
-
-Indeed one problem we had was that the uniqueness constraint for example was stated in terms of inference, i.e.
- wasGeneratedBy(e,a1) and wasGeneratedBy(e,a2) => a1 = a2.
-I am very pleased to see that it's gone away now.
-
-
-
-2.
-Is this an additional useful distinction?
-
-- deductive rules: no new data is created. ex.: closure over a transitive relation
-- generative rules:: new data is created. Ex.: new IDs for elements that are known to exist although they are not asserted in the provenance instance
-
-this has a bearing on implementations of rules based on a deductive model, for example, which does not generate new assertions.
-
-for instance hte attribution-implication inference would not be implemented (in general, unless you make up new information for the relations that you infer, these rules are not safe).
-
-3.
-I am blissfully ignorant of logic terminology, but is "entailment" essentially equivalent to "inference" here?
-
----
-More specific comments:
-
-- 1.2: possibly reordering expressions -> I don't think there is an order to expressions? I always viewed it as a set (in fact, as an extensional DB)
-
-- sec 2 Def. of definition:
-
-defined_exp holds IF AND ONLY IF there exists a_1,..., a_m such that defining_exp_1 ... defining_exp_
-
-should we clarify that the consequent are a conjunction? i.e., when used as a sufficient condition to derive defined_exp, all of the defining_exp_i must hold.
-
-- 2.1: I have always been confused by the overloading of wasStartedBy, and wasStartedBy-definition reinforces that (unless this is a mistake that has alreasdy been spotted?) the different signature of wasStartedBy forces me to go and check definiitions, and then convince myself that it makes sense?
-
-- 2.2. "@@TODO: Could this be an inference? Does it imply that a1 is associated with all activities a2 is associated with?"
-
-I don't think so. Delegation should be on a per activity basis, right?
-
-
-- 2.3 "A revision needs to satisfy the following constraint"
- should be inference? so it's not "satisfy", either.
-
-- 2.4 I think spec-transitive escapes the clean model I praise at the beginning :-)
-
-"For any entities e1, e2, IF specializationOf(e1,e2) and specializationOf(e2,e1) THEN e1 = e2."
-
-I think this can only be expressed as a constraint, because e1=e2 is undefined...
-so: specializationOf(e1,e2) and specializationOf(e2,e1) where e1 != e2 is invalid.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--- a/model/working-copy/examples/w3c-publication1.dot Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-digraph OPMGraph { rankdir="BT";
-pub1 [label="pub1",shape="polygon",sides="4"]
-ann0 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
- <TR>
- <TD align="left">type:</TD>
- <TD align="left">publish</TD>
- </TR>
- </TABLE>>
-,shape="note"]
-ann0 -> pub1 [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
-pub2 [label="pub2",shape="polygon",sides="4"]
-ann1 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
- <TR>
- <TD align="left">type:</TD>
- <TD align="left">publish</TD>
- </TR>
- </TABLE>>
-,shape="note"]
-ann1 -> pub2 [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
-WD_prov_dm_20111018 [label="WD-prov-dm-20111018"]
-ann2 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
- <TR>
- <TD align="left">type:</TD>
- <TD align="left">RecsWD</TD>
- </TR>
- </TABLE>>
-,shape="note"]
-ann2 -> WD_prov_dm_20111018 [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
-WD_prov_dm_20111215 [label="WD-prov-dm-20111215"]
-ann3 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
- <TR>
- <TD align="left">type:</TD>
- <TD align="left">RecsWD</TD>
- </TR>
- </TABLE>>
-,shape="note"]
-ann3 -> WD_prov_dm_20111215 [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
-rec_advance [label="rec-advance"]
-ann4 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
- <TR>
- <TD align="left">type:</TD>
- <TD align="left">Plan</TD>
- </TR>
- </TABLE>>
-,shape="note"]
-ann4 -> rec_advance [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
-0004 [label="0004"]
-ann5 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
- <TR>
- <TD align="left">type:</TD>
- <TD align="left">transreq</TD>
- </TR>
- </TABLE>>
-,shape="note"]
-ann5 -> 0004 [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
-0141 [label="0141"]
-ann6 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
- <TR>
- <TD align="left">type:</TD>
- <TD align="left">pubreq</TD>
- </TR>
- </TABLE>>
-,shape="note"]
-ann6 -> 0141 [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
-0111 [label="0111"]
-ann7 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
- <TR>
- <TD align="left">type:</TD>
- <TD align="left">pubreq</TD>
- </TR>
- </TABLE>>
-,shape="note"]
-ann7 -> 0111 [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
-Consortium [label="Consortium",shape="polygon",sides="8"]
-ann8 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
- <TR>
- <TD align="left">type:</TD>
- <TD align="left">Organization</TD>
- </TR>
- </TABLE>>
-,shape="note"]
-ann8 -> Consortium [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
-WD_prov_dm_20111215 -> WD_prov_dm_20111018 []
-WD_prov_dm_20111018 -> pub1 []
-WD_prov_dm_20111215 -> pub2 []
-pub1 -> 0004 []
-pub1 -> 0141 []
-pub2 -> 0111 []
-pub1 -> Consortium []
-pub1 -> rec_advance []
-pub2 -> Consortium []
-pub2 -> rec_advance []
-}
Binary file model/working-copy/examples/w3c-publication1.pdf has changed
Binary file model/working-copy/examples/w3c-publication1.png has changed
--- a/model/working-copy/examples/w3c-publication1.prov-asn Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-
-
-container
-
-prefix ex </http://example.org/>
-
-prefix w3 <http://www.w3.org/>
-prefix tr <http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/>
-prefix pr <http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#>
-
-prefix ar1 <https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/chairs/2011OctDec/>
-prefix ar2 <https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/2011Oct/>
-prefix ar3 <https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/2011Dec/>
-
-
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
-entity(pr:rec-advance, [ prov:type="prov:Plan" %% xsd:QName ])
-
-
-entity(ar1:0004, [ prov:type="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#transreq" %% xsd:anyURI ])
-entity(ar2:0141, [ prov:type="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq" %% xsd:anyURI ])
-entity(ar3:0111, [ prov:type="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq" %% xsd:anyURI ])
-
-
-wasDerivedFrom(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018)
-
-
-activity(ex:pub1,,,[prov:type="publish"])
-activity(ex:pub2,,,[prov:type="publish"])
-
-
-wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, ex:pub1)
-wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:pub2)
-
-used(ex:pub1,ar1:0004)
-used(ex:pub1,ar2:0141)
-used(ex:pub2,ar3:0111)
-
-agent(w3:Consortium, [ prov:type="Organization" ])
-
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:pub1, w3:Consortium @ pr:rec-advance)
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:pub2, w3:Consortium @ pr:rec-advance)
-
-
-
-endContainer
-
--- a/model/working-copy/examples/w3c-publication1.prov-xml Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
-<prov:container xmlns:prov="http://openprovenance.org/prov-xml#" xmlns:pr="http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#" xmlns:ar3="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/2011Dec/" xmlns:ar2="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/2011Oct/" xmlns:ar1="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/chairs/2011OctDec/" xmlns:w3="http://www.w3.org/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ex="/http://example.org/" xmlns:tr="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
- <prov:records>
- <prov:activity prov:id="ex:pub1">
- <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">publish</prov:type>
- </prov:activity>
- <prov:activity prov:id="ex:pub2">
- <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">publish</prov:type>
- </prov:activity>
- <prov:entity prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018">
- <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">pr:RecsWD</prov:type>
- </prov:entity>
- <prov:entity prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215">
- <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">pr:RecsWD</prov:type>
- </prov:entity>
- <prov:entity prov:id="pr:rec-advance">
- <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">prov:Plan</prov:type>
- </prov:entity>
- <prov:entity prov:id="ar1:0004">
- <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:anyURI">http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#transreq</prov:type>
- </prov:entity>
- <prov:entity prov:id="ar2:0141">
- <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:anyURI">http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq</prov:type>
- </prov:entity>
- <prov:entity prov:id="ar3:0111">
- <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:anyURI">http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq</prov:type>
- </prov:entity>
- <prov:agent prov:id="w3:Consortium">
- <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">Organization</prov:type>
- </prov:agent>
- <prov:dependencies>
- <prov:wasDerivedFrom>
- <prov:effect prov:ref="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215"/>
- <prov:cause prov:ref="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018"/>
- </prov:wasDerivedFrom>
- <prov:wasGeneratedBy>
- <prov:entity prov:ref="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018"/>
- <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:pub1"/>
- </prov:wasGeneratedBy>
- <prov:wasGeneratedBy>
- <prov:entity prov:ref="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215"/>
- <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:pub2"/>
- </prov:wasGeneratedBy>
- <prov:used>
- <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:pub1"/>
- <prov:entity prov:ref="ar1:0004"/>
- </prov:used>
- <prov:used>
- <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:pub1"/>
- <prov:entity prov:ref="ar2:0141"/>
- </prov:used>
- <prov:used>
- <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:pub2"/>
- <prov:entity prov:ref="ar3:0111"/>
- </prov:used>
- <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
- <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:pub1"/>
- <prov:agent prov:ref="w3:Consortium"/>
- <prov:plan prov:ref="pr:rec-advance"/>
- </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
- <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
- <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:pub2"/>
- <prov:agent prov:ref="w3:Consortium"/>
- <prov:plan prov:ref="pr:rec-advance"/>
- </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
- </prov:dependencies>
- </prov:records>
-</prov:container>
--- a/model/working-copy/examples/w3c-publication1.svg Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,216 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN"
- "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
-<!-- Generated by graphviz version 2.26.3 (20100126.1600)
- -->
-<!-- Title: OPMGraph Pages: 1 -->
-<svg width="702pt" height="332pt"
- viewBox="0.00 0.00 702.00 332.00" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
-<g id="graph1" class="graph" transform="scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 328)">
-<title>OPMGraph</title>
-<polygon fill="white" stroke="white" points="-4,5 -4,-328 699,-328 699,5 -4,5"/>
-<!-- pub1 -->
-<g id="node1" class="node"><title>pub1</title>
-<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="472,-252 418,-252 418,-216 472,-216 472,-252"/>
-<text text-anchor="middle" x="445" y="-228.9" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">pub1</text>
-</g>
-<!-- rec_advance -->
-<g id="node13" class="node"><title>rec_advance</title>
-<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="369" cy="-306" rx="55.895" ry="18"/>
-<text text-anchor="middle" x="369" y="-300.9" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">rec-advance</text>
-</g>
-<!-- pub1->rec_advance -->
-<g id="edge34" class="edge"><title>pub1->rec_advance</title>
-<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M425.822,-252.169C416.361,-261.132 404.817,-272.068 394.612,-281.736"/>
-<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="391.978,-279.41 387.125,-288.829 396.792,-284.492 391.978,-279.41"/>
-</g>
-<!-- 0004 -->
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-</g>
-<!-- pub1->0004 -->
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-<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="485.557,-284.894 494.816,-290.043 490.788,-280.244 485.557,-284.894"/>
-</g>
-<!-- 0141 -->
-<g id="node19" class="node"><title>0141</title>
-<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="621" cy="-306" rx="29.8973" ry="18"/>
-<text text-anchor="middle" x="621" y="-300.9" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">0141</text>
-</g>
-<!-- pub1->0141 -->
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-<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M472.389,-248.032C475.278,-249.411 478.187,-250.758 481,-252 515.96,-267.44 556.827,-282.917 585.35,-293.319"/>
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-<!-- pub1->Consortium -->
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-<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M417.692,-248.223C414.787,-249.565 411.852,-250.851 409,-252 370.221,-267.629 325.087,-281.582 290.645,-291.388"/>
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-<!-- ann1->pub2 -->
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-<path fill="none" stroke="gray" stroke-dasharray="5,2" d="M162.663,-180.169C157.097,-191 150.051,-204.712 144.462,-215.587"/>
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-<!-- WD_prov_dm_20111018->pub1 -->
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-<!-- ann5->0004 -->
-<g id="edge12" class="edge"><title>ann5->0004</title>
-<path fill="none" stroke="gray" stroke-dasharray="5,2" d="M530.682,-252.169C526.252,-263.167 520.626,-277.135 516.215,-288.087"/>
-</g>
-<!-- ann6 -->
-<g id="node20" class="node"><title>ann6</title>
-<polygon fill="none" stroke="gray" points="688,-252 604,-252 604,-216 694,-216 694,-246 688,-252"/>
-<polyline fill="none" stroke="gray" points="688,-252 688,-246 "/>
-<polyline fill="none" stroke="gray" points="694,-246 688,-246 "/>
-<text text-anchor="start" x="614" y="-230.233" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">type:</text>
-<text text-anchor="start" x="645" y="-230.233" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">pubreq</text>
-</g>
-<!-- ann6->0141 -->
-<g id="edge14" class="edge"><title>ann6->0141</title>
-<path fill="none" stroke="gray" stroke-dasharray="5,2" d="M641.934,-252.169C637.657,-263.167 632.225,-277.135 627.966,-288.087"/>
-</g>
-<!-- ann7 -->
-<g id="node23" class="node"><title>ann7</title>
-<polygon fill="none" stroke="gray" points="84,-252 3.55271e-14,-252 0,-216 90,-216 90,-246 84,-252"/>
-<polyline fill="none" stroke="gray" points="84,-252 84,-246 "/>
-<polyline fill="none" stroke="gray" points="90,-246 84,-246 "/>
-<text text-anchor="start" x="10" y="-230.233" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">type:</text>
-<text text-anchor="start" x="41" y="-230.233" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">pubreq</text>
-</g>
-<!-- ann7->0111 -->
-<g id="edge16" class="edge"><title>ann7->0111</title>
-<path fill="none" stroke="gray" stroke-dasharray="5,2" d="M56.8601,-252.169C64.2569,-263.5 73.712,-277.984 80.9509,-289.074"/>
-</g>
-<!-- ann8 -->
-<g id="node26" class="node"><title>ann8</title>
-<polygon fill="none" stroke="gray" points="300,-252 180,-252 180,-216 306,-216 306,-246 300,-252"/>
-<polyline fill="none" stroke="gray" points="300,-252 300,-246 "/>
-<polyline fill="none" stroke="gray" points="306,-246 300,-246 "/>
-<text text-anchor="start" x="190" y="-230.233" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">type:</text>
-<text text-anchor="start" x="221" y="-230.233" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Organization</text>
-</g>
-<!-- ann8->Consortium -->
-<g id="edge18" class="edge"><title>ann8->Consortium</title>
-<path fill="none" stroke="gray" stroke-dasharray="5,2" d="M241.234,-252.169C240.181,-263 238.847,-276.712 237.79,-287.587"/>
-</g>
-</g>
-</svg>
--- a/model/working-copy/examples/w3c-publication1/index.html Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-
-
-container
-
-prefix ex </http://example.org/>
-
-prefix w3 <http://www.w3.org/>
-prefix tr <http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/>
-prefix pr <http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#>
-
-prefix ar1 <https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/chairs/2011OctDec/>
-prefix ar2 <https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/2011Oct/>
-prefix ar3 <https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/2011Dec/>
-
-
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
-entity(pr:rec-advance, [ prov:type="prov:Plan" %% xsd:QName ])
-
-
-entity(ar1:0004, [ prov:type="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#transreq" %% xsd:anyURI ])
-entity(ar2:0141, [ prov:type="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq" %% xsd:anyURI ])
-entity(ar3:0111, [ prov:type="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq" %% xsd:anyURI ])
-
-
-wasDerivedFrom(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018)
-
-
-activity(ex:pub1,,,[prov:type="publish"])
-activity(ex:pub2,,,[prov:type="publish"])
-
-
-wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, ex:pub1)
-wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:pub2)
-
-used(ex:pub1,ar1:0004)
-used(ex:pub1,ar2:0141)
-used(ex:pub2,ar3:0111)
-
-agent(w3:Consortium, [ prov:type="Organization" ])
-
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:pub1, w3:Consortium @ pr:rec-advance)
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:pub2, w3:Consortium @ pr:rec-advance)
-
-
-
-endContainer
-
--- a/model/working-copy/examples/w3c-publication2.dot Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-digraph OPMGraph { rankdir="BT";
-rcp [label="rcp",shape="polygon",sides="4"]
-ann9 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
- <TR>
- <TD align="left">type:</TD>
- <TD align="left">copy directory</TD>
- </TR>
- </TABLE>>
-,shape="note"]
-ann9 -> rcp [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
-Overview_html [label="Overview.html"]
-ann10 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
- <TR>
- <TD align="left">type:</TD>
- <TD align="left">file in hg</TD>
- </TR>
- </TABLE>>
-,shape="note"]
-ann10 -> Overview_html [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
-WD_prov_dm_20111215 [label="WD-prov-dm-20111215"]
-ann11 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
- <TR>
- <TD align="left">type:</TD>
- <TD align="left">html4</TD>
- </TR>
- </TABLE>>
-,shape="note"]
-ann11 -> WD_prov_dm_20111215 [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
-req3 [label="req3"]
-ann12 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
- <TR>
- <TD align="left">type:</TD>
- <TD align="left">pubreq</TD>
- </TR>
- </TABLE>>
-,shape="note"]
-ann12 -> req3 [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
-webmaster [label="webmaster",shape="polygon",sides="8"]
-ann13 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
- <TR>
- <TD align="left">type:</TD>
- <TD align="left">Person</TD>
- </TR>
- </TABLE>>
-,shape="note"]
-ann13 -> webmaster [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
-WD_prov_dm_20111215 -> rcp []
-rcp -> Overview_html []
-rcp -> req3 []
-WD_prov_dm_20111215 -> Overview_html []
-rcp -> webmaster []
-}
Binary file model/working-copy/examples/w3c-publication2.pdf has changed
--- a/model/working-copy/examples/w3c-publication2.prov-asn Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-
-
-container
-
-prefix ex <http://example.org/>
-prefix rec <http://example.org/record>
-
-prefix w3 <http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/>
-prefix hg <http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/9628aaff6e20/model/releases/WD-prov-dm-20111215/>
-prefix process <http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#>
-
-
-
-entity(hg:Overview.html, [ prov:type="file in hg" ])
-
-entity(w3:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="html4" ])
-
-
-
-
-
-
-activity(ex:rcp,,,[prov:type="copy directory"])
-
-
-wasGeneratedBy(rec:g,w3:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:rcp)
-
-entity(ex:req3, [ prov:type="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq" %% xsd:anyURI ])
-
-used(rec:u, ex:rcp,hg:Overview.html)
-used(ex:rcp,ex:req3)
-
-
-wasDerivedFrom(w3:WD-prov-dm-20111215,hg:Overview.html, ex:rcp, rec:g, rec:u)
-
-agent(ex:webmaster, [ prov:type="Person" ])
-
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:rcp, ex:webmaster)
-
-endContainer
-
-
-#activity(ex:a5,,,[prov:type="grammarcheck"])
-#ex:version="1",
-#ex:version="2"
\ No newline at end of file
--- a/model/working-copy/examples/w3c-publication2.prov-xml Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
-<prov:container xmlns:prov="http://openprovenance.org/prov-xml#" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:ex="http://example.org/" xmlns:hg="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/9628aaff6e20/model/releases/WD-prov-dm-20111215/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:process="http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#" xmlns:rec="http://example.org/record" xmlns:w3="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/">
- <prov:records>
- <prov:activity prov:id="ex:rcp">
- <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">copy directory</prov:type>
- </prov:activity>
- <prov:entity prov:id="hg:Overview.html">
- <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">file in hg</prov:type>
- </prov:entity>
- <prov:entity prov:id="w3:WD-prov-dm-20111215">
- <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">html4</prov:type>
- </prov:entity>
- <prov:entity prov:id="ex:req3">
- <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:anyURI">http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq</prov:type>
- </prov:entity>
- <prov:agent prov:id="ex:webmaster">
- <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">Person</prov:type>
- </prov:agent>
- <prov:dependencies>
- <prov:wasGeneratedBy prov:id="rec:g">
- <prov:entity prov:ref="w3:WD-prov-dm-20111215"/>
- <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:rcp"/>
- </prov:wasGeneratedBy>
- <prov:used prov:id="rec:u">
- <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:rcp"/>
- <prov:entity prov:ref="hg:Overview.html"/>
- </prov:used>
- <prov:used>
- <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:rcp"/>
- <prov:entity prov:ref="ex:req3"/>
- </prov:used>
- <prov:wasDerivedFrom>
- <prov:generation prov:ref="rec:g"/>
- <prov:usage prov:ref="rec:u"/>
- <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:rcp"/>
- <prov:effect prov:ref="w3:WD-prov-dm-20111215"/>
- <prov:cause prov:ref="hg:Overview.html"/>
- </prov:wasDerivedFrom>
- <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
- <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:rcp"/>
- <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:webmaster"/>
- </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
- </prov:dependencies>
- </prov:records>
-</prov:container>
--- a/model/working-copy/examples/w3c-publication3.dot Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,145 +0,0 @@
-digraph OPMGraph { rankdir="BT";
-edit1 [label="edit1",shape="polygon",sides="4"]
-ann14 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
- <TR>
- <TD align="left">type:</TD>
- <TD align="left">edit</TD>
- </TR>
- </TABLE>>
-,shape="note"]
-ann14 -> edit1 [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
-WD_prov_dm_20111215 [label="WD-prov-dm-20111215"]
-ann15 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
- <TR>
- <TD align="left">type:</TD>
- <TD align="left">document</TD>
- </TR>
- <TR>
- <TD align="left">version:</TD>
- <TD align="left">2</TD>
- </TR>
- </TABLE>>
-,shape="note"]
-ann15 -> WD_prov_dm_20111215 [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
-Luc [label="Luc",shape="polygon",sides="8"]
-ann16 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
- <TR>
- <TD align="left">type:</TD>
- <TD align="left">Person</TD>
- </TR>
- </TABLE>>
-,shape="note"]
-ann16 -> Luc [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
-Paolo [label="Paolo",shape="polygon",sides="8"]
-ann17 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
- <TR>
- <TD align="left">type:</TD>
- <TD align="left">Person</TD>
- </TR>
- </TABLE>>
-,shape="note"]
-ann17 -> Paolo [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
-Khalid [label="Khalid",shape="polygon",sides="8"]
-ann18 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
- <TR>
- <TD align="left">type:</TD>
- <TD align="left">Person</TD>
- </TR>
- </TABLE>>
-,shape="note"]
-ann18 -> Khalid [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
-Stephen [label="Stephen",shape="polygon",sides="8"]
-ann19 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
- <TR>
- <TD align="left">type:</TD>
- <TD align="left">Person</TD>
- </TR>
- </TABLE>>
-,shape="note"]
-ann19 -> Stephen [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
-Yolanda [label="Yolanda",shape="polygon",sides="8"]
-ann20 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
- <TR>
- <TD align="left">type:</TD>
- <TD align="left">Person</TD>
- </TR>
- </TABLE>>
-,shape="note"]
-ann20 -> Yolanda [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
-Ryan [label="Ryan",shape="polygon",sides="8"]
-ann21 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
- <TR>
- <TD align="left">type:</TD>
- <TD align="left">Person</TD>
- </TR>
- </TABLE>>
-,shape="note"]
-ann21 -> Ryan [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
-Paul [label="Paul",shape="polygon",sides="8"]
-ann22 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
- <TR>
- <TD align="left">type:</TD>
- <TD align="left">Person</TD>
- </TR>
- </TABLE>>
-,shape="note"]
-ann22 -> Paul [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
-Graham [label="Graham",shape="polygon",sides="8"]
-ann23 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
- <TR>
- <TD align="left">type:</TD>
- <TD align="left">Person</TD>
- </TR>
- </TABLE>>
-,shape="note"]
-ann23 -> Graham [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
-Jim [label="Jim",shape="polygon",sides="8"]
-ann24 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
- <TR>
- <TD align="left">type:</TD>
- <TD align="left">Person</TD>
- </TR>
- </TABLE>>
-,shape="note"]
-ann24 -> Jim [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
-Simon [label="Simon",shape="polygon",sides="8"]
-ann25 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
- <TR>
- <TD align="left">type:</TD>
- <TD align="left">Person</TD>
- </TR>
- </TABLE>>
-,shape="note"]
-ann25 -> Simon [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
-James [label="James",shape="polygon",sides="8"]
-ann26 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
- <TR>
- <TD align="left">type:</TD>
- <TD align="left">Person</TD>
- </TR>
- </TABLE>>
-,shape="note"]
-ann26 -> James [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
-Satya [label="Satya",shape="polygon",sides="8"]
-ann27 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
- <TR>
- <TD align="left">type:</TD>
- <TD align="left">Person</TD>
- </TR>
- </TABLE>>
-,shape="note"]
-ann27 -> Satya [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
-WD_prov_dm_20111215 -> edit1 []
-edit1 -> Luc []
-edit1 -> Paolo []
-edit1 -> Khalid []
-edit1 -> Stephen []
-edit1 -> Yolanda []
-edit1 -> Ryan []
-edit1 -> Paul []
-edit1 -> Graham []
-edit1 -> Jim []
-edit1 -> Simon []
-edit1 -> James []
-edit1 -> Satya []
-}
Binary file model/working-copy/examples/w3c-publication3.pdf has changed
--- a/model/working-copy/examples/w3c-publication3.prov-asn Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-
-
-container
-
-prefix ex <http://example.org/>
-
-prefix w3 <http://www.w3.org/>
-prefix tr <http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/>
-
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
-
-agent(ex:Luc, [ prov:type="Person" ])
-agent(ex:Paolo, [ prov:type="Person" ])
-agent(ex:Khalid, [ prov:type="Person" ])
-agent(ex:Stephen, [ prov:type="Person" ])
-agent(ex:Yolanda, [ prov:type="Person" ])
-agent(ex:Ryan, [ prov:type="Person" ])
-agent(ex:Paul, [ prov:type="Person" ])
-agent(ex:Graham, [ prov:type="Person" ])
-agent(ex:Jim, [ prov:type="Person" ])
-agent(ex:Simon, [ prov:type="Person" ])
-agent(ex:James, [ prov:type="Person" ])
-agent(ex:Satya, [ prov:type="Person" ])
-
-activity(ex:edit1,,,[prov:type="edit"])
-
-wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1)
-
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Luc, [prov:role="editor"])
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Paolo, [prov:role="editor"])
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Khalid, [prov:role="contributor"])
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Stephen, [prov:role="contributor"])
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Yolanda, [prov:role="contributor"])
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Ryan, [prov:role="contributor"])
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Paul, [prov:role="contributor"])
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Graham, [prov:role="contributor"])
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Jim, [prov:role="contributor"])
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Simon, [prov:role="contributor"])
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:James, [prov:role="contributor"])
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Satya, [prov:role="contributor"])
-
-endContainer
--- a/model/working-copy/examples/w3c-publication3.prov-xml Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
-<prov:container xmlns:prov="http://openprovenance.org/prov-xml#" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:ex="http://example.org/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:rec="http://example.org/record" xmlns:w3="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/">
- <prov:records>
- <prov:activity prov:id="ex:edit1">
- <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">edit</prov:type>
- </prov:activity>
- <prov:entity prov:id="w3:WD-prov-dm-20111215">
- <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">document</prov:type>
- <ex:version xsi:type="xsd:string">2</ex:version>
- </prov:entity>
- <prov:agent prov:id="ex:Luc">
- <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">Person</prov:type>
- </prov:agent>
- <prov:agent prov:id="ex:Paolo">
- <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">Person</prov:type>
- </prov:agent>
- <prov:agent prov:id="ex:Khalid">
- <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">Person</prov:type>
- </prov:agent>
- <prov:agent prov:id="ex:Stephen">
- <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">Person</prov:type>
- </prov:agent>
- <prov:agent prov:id="ex:Yolanda">
- <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">Person</prov:type>
- </prov:agent>
- <prov:agent prov:id="ex:Ryan">
- <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">Person</prov:type>
- </prov:agent>
- <prov:agent prov:id="ex:Paul">
- <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">Person</prov:type>
- </prov:agent>
- <prov:agent prov:id="ex:Graham">
- <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">Person</prov:type>
- </prov:agent>
- <prov:agent prov:id="ex:Jim">
- <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">Person</prov:type>
- </prov:agent>
- <prov:agent prov:id="ex:Simon">
- <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">Person</prov:type>
- </prov:agent>
- <prov:agent prov:id="ex:James">
- <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">Person</prov:type>
- </prov:agent>
- <prov:agent prov:id="ex:Satya">
- <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">Person</prov:type>
- </prov:agent>
- <prov:dependencies>
- <prov:wasGeneratedBy>
- <prov:entity prov:ref="w3:WD-prov-dm-20111215"/>
- <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:edit1"/>
- </prov:wasGeneratedBy>
- <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
- <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:edit1"/>
- <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Luc"/>
- <prov:role xsi:type="xsd:string">editor</prov:role>
- </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
- <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
- <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:edit1"/>
- <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Paolo"/>
- <prov:role xsi:type="xsd:string">editor</prov:role>
- </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
- <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
- <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:edit1"/>
- <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Khalid"/>
- <prov:role xsi:type="xsd:string">contributor</prov:role>
- </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
- <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
- <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:edit1"/>
- <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Stephen"/>
- <prov:role xsi:type="xsd:string">contributor</prov:role>
- </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
- <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
- <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:edit1"/>
- <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Yolanda"/>
- <prov:role xsi:type="xsd:string">contributor</prov:role>
- </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
- <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
- <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:edit1"/>
- <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Ryan"/>
- <prov:role xsi:type="xsd:string">contributor</prov:role>
- </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
- <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
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- <dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{554, 593.341}, {39, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
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- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>339</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
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- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <integer>0</integer>
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- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{419, 588.685}, {66, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
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- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>340</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
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- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{409, 576.122}, {359.084, 105.937}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
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- <key>Magnets</key>
- <array>
- <string>{0, 1}</string>
- <string>{0, -1}</string>
- <string>{1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Shape</key>
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- <key>Style</key>
- <dict/>
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- <dict>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
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- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>333</integer>
- </dict>
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- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>330</integer>
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- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{827.912, 317.874}, {44.1764, 42.5627}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>323</integer>
- <key>Magnets</key>
- <array>
- <string>{0, 1}</string>
- <string>{0, -1}</string>
- <string>{1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Circle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>FillType</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>GradientAngle</key>
- <real>90</real>
- <key>GradientColor</key>
- <dict>
- <key>b</key>
- <string>1</string>
- <key>g</key>
- <string>1</string>
- <key>r</key>
- <string>0</string>
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- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>GapRatio</key>
- <real>0.5</real>
- <key>Width</key>
- <real>4</real>
- </dict>
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- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
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- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{637.5, 446.843}, {93, 28}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
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- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>322</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
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- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Align</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
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- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>Head</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>266</integer>
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- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>320</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{803.5, 466.905}</string>
- <string>{562.39, 466.906}</string>
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- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>FilledArrow</string>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
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- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>319</integer>
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- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{803.5, 440.843}, {93, 52.1244}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>319</integer>
- <key>Magnets</key>
- <array>
- <string>{0, 1}</string>
- <string>{0, -1}</string>
- <string>{1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>House</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>FillType</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>GradientAngle</key>
- <real>90</real>
- <key>GradientColor</key>
- <dict>
- <key>w</key>
- <string>0.666667</string>
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- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
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- <key>VFlip</key>
- <string>YES</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{483.491, 409.938}, {105, 28}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
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- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>309</integer>
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- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>268</integer>
- <key>Position</key>
- <real>0.12095580250024796</real>
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- <integer>0</integer>
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- <key>Shape</key>
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- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
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- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Align</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
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- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
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- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{714.44, 75}, {105, 28}}</string>
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- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
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- <string>YES</string>
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- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
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- <real>12</real>
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- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
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- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Align</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
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- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
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- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{483.478, 74}, {105, 28}}</string>
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- <dict>
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- <string>ArialMT</string>
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- <real>12</real>
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- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
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- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Align</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
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- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <integer>0</integer>
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- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{257.588, 165}, {105, 28}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
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- <string>YES</string>
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- <string>Resize</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
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- <real>12</real>
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- <integer>0</integer>
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- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
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- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Align</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
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- <integer>0</integer>
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- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <integer>0</integer>
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- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{15.2733, 411}, {105, 28}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
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- <string>YES</string>
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- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
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- <real>12</real>
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- <key>ID</key>
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- <integer>0</integer>
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- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
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- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Align</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
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- <integer>0</integer>
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- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
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- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
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- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
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- <key>ID</key>
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- <array>
- <string>{991, 229.187}</string>
- <string>{851, 272}</string>
- <string>{687.75, 229.187}</string>
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- <dict>
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- <dict>
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- <string>0</string>
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- <key>HeadArrow</key>
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- <string>0</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>269</integer>
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- <integer>4</integer>
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- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{766.352, 213.468}, {27, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
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- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
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- <key>ID</key>
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- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
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- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <dict>
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- <string>LineGraphic</string>
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- <dict>
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- <key>ID</key>
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- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{827.412, 229.187}</string>
- <string>{687.75, 229.187}</string>
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- <key>Style</key>
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- <key>LineType</key>
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- <string>0</string>
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- <integer>299</integer>
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- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{818.5, 117.249}, {93, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>300</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
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- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{827.912, 210.437}, {44.1764, 37.5}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
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- <key>Magnets</key>
- <array>
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- <string>{0, -1}</string>
- <string>{1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
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- <dict>
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- <key>g</key>
- <string>0.5</string>
- <key>r</key>
- <string>1</string>
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- <key>Text</key>
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- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
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- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{118, 355.75}, {93, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
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- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
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- <key>ID</key>
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- <dict>
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- <dict>
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- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
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- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{110, 285}, {93, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
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- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
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- <key>ID</key>
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- <key>Shape</key>
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- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
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- <dict>
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- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
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- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{68.0882, 353.874}</string>
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- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>289</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
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- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
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- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>290</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{90.1764, 372.624}</string>
- <string>{217, 372.624}</string>
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- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>LineType</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>FilledArrow</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>289</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>3</integer>
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- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{46, 353.874}, {44.1764, 37.5}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>289</integer>
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- <array>
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- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
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- <dict>
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- <dict>
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- <string>0.5</string>
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- <string>1</string>
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- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
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- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>270</integer>
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- <false/>
- <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
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- <array>
- <string>{991, 229.187}</string>
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- <dict>
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- <string>0</string>
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- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>269</integer>
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- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{991, 210.437}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>269</integer>
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- <array>
- <string>{0, 1}</string>
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- <string>{1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
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- <string>Circle</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>FillType</key>
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- <real>90</real>
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- <string>1</string>
- <key>r</key>
- <string>0</string>
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- <dict>
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- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
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- <string>{{509.566, 448.156}, {52.8236, 37.5}}</string>
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- <dict>
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- <string>0.666667</string>
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- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
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- <string>YES</string>
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- <string>LineGraphic</string>
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- <array>
- <string>{68.0882, 391.374}</string>
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- <dict>
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- <integer>19</integer>
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- <string>{{41.1446, 448.156}, {52.8236, 37.5}}</string>
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- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
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- <dict>
- <key>FillType</key>
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- <dict>
- <key>w</key>
- <string>0.666667</string>
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- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <string>YES</string>
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- <dict>
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- <key>ID</key>
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- <key>ID</key>
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- <true/>
- <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
- <string>{526, 372.624}</string>
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- <array>
- <string>{669, 247.937}</string>
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- <dict>
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- <string>1</string>
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- <string>0</string>
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- <dict>
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- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>186</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>3</integer>
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- <key>ID</key>
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- <true/>
- <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
- <string>{310.75, 372.624}</string>
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- <array>
- <string>{453.75, 247.937}</string>
- <string>{254.5, 372.624}</string>
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- <dict>
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- <dict>
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- <dict>
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- <string>1</string>
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- <string>0</string>
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- <string>0</string>
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- <key>HeadArrow</key>
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- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
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- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
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- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>186</integer>
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- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>256</integer>
- <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
- <true/>
- <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
- <string>{62.75, 300.906}</string>
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- <real>-1</real>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{236, 247.937}</string>
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- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
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- <dict>
- <key>b</key>
- <string>1</string>
- <key>g</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>r</key>
- <string>0</string>
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- <key>HeadArrow</key>
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- <string>0</string>
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- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>225</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
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- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{217, 353.874}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>186</integer>
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- <array>
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- <string>{1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Shape</key>
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- <dict>
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- <key>GradientAngle</key>
- <real>90</real>
- <key>GradientColor</key>
- <dict>
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- <string>1</string>
- <key>g</key>
- <string>1</string>
- <key>r</key>
- <string>0</string>
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- <dict>
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- <string>{{561, 174.593}, {97.176, 14}}</string>
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- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>Vertical</string>
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- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
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- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
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- <dict>
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- <dict>
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- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>Text</key>
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- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <string>{{459.5, 156.74}, {27, 14}}</string>
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- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
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- <string>ArialMT</string>
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- <real>12</real>
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- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>Text</key>
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- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>Wrap</key>
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- <dict>
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- <key>ID</key>
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- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{766.94, 50.9986}</string>
- <string>{766.94, 117.249}</string>
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- <string>{{740.528, 13.4986}, {52.8236, 37.5}}</string>
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- <array>
- <string>{0, 1}</string>
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- <string>{1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
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- <string>House</string>
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- <dict>
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- <dict>
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- <key>GradientColor</key>
- <dict>
- <key>w</key>
- <string>0.666667</string>
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- <key>Points</key>
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- <key>LineType</key>
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- <key>TailArrow</key>
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- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>246</integer>
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- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{888.916, 210.437}, {93, 14}}</string>
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- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
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- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>249</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
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- <dict>
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- <dict>
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- <dict>
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- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
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- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <dict>
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- <string>{{703.5, 174.593}, {27, 14}}</string>
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- <real>12</real>
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- <dict>
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- <string>{{991, 117.437}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
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- <dict>
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- <dict>
- <key>b</key>
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- <key>g</key>
- <string>1</string>
- <key>r</key>
- <string>0</string>
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- <dict>
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- <key>Points</key>
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- <string>{558.676, 229.187}</string>
- <string>{650.25, 229.187}</string>
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- <dict>
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- <dict>
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- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
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- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
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- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
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- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>Text</key>
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- <dict>
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- <string>{{514, 210.437}, {44.1764, 37.5}}</string>
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- <array>
- <string>{0, 1}</string>
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- <string>{1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
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- <string>Rectangle</string>
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- <dict>
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- <dict>
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- <dict>
- <key>b</key>
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- <string>0.5</string>
- <key>r</key>
- <string>1</string>
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- <array>
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- <dict>
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- <dict>
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- <dict>
- <key>b</key>
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- <string>1</string>
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- <string>0</string>
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- <dict>
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- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
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- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
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- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
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- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
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- <integer>1</integer>
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- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{283.676, 115.327}, {52.8236, 37.5}}</string>
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- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
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- <integer>215</integer>
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- <array>
- <string>{0, 1}</string>
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- <string>House</string>
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- <dict>
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- <dict>
- <key>FillType</key>
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- <dict>
- <key>w</key>
- <string>0.666667</string>
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- <dict>
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- <string>{{435, 210.437}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
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- <dict>
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- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
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- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{560.676, 117.249}, {93, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>207</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{650.25, 117.249}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>206</integer>
- <key>Magnets</key>
- <array>
- <string>{0, 1}</string>
- <string>{0, -1}</string>
- <string>{1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Circle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>FillType</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>GradientAngle</key>
- <real>90</real>
- <key>GradientColor</key>
- <dict>
- <key>b</key>
- <string>1</string>
- <key>g</key>
- <string>1</string>
- <key>r</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-
-\f0\fs28 \cf0 e\sub 4}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{341.5, 210.437}, {93, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>197</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-\f0\fs24 \cf0 wasGeneratedBy}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{513.779, 117.249}, {44.3975, 37.6877}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>188</integer>
- <key>Magnets</key>
- <array>
- <string>{0, 1}</string>
- <string>{0, -1}</string>
- <string>{1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>FillType</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>GradientAngle</key>
- <real>90</real>
- <key>GradientColor</key>
- <dict>
- <key>b</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>g</key>
- <string>0.5</string>
- <key>r</key>
- <string>1</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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-
-\f0\fs28 \cf0 a\sub 2}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </array>
- <key>GridInfo</key>
- <dict/>
- <key>HPages</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>KeepToScale</key>
- <false/>
- <key>Layers</key>
- <array>
- <dict>
- <key>Lock</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>Name</key>
- <string>Layer 1</string>
- <key>Print</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>View</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- </dict>
- </array>
- <key>LayoutInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Animate</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>circoMinDist</key>
- <real>18</real>
- <key>circoSeparation</key>
- <real>0.0</real>
- <key>layoutEngine</key>
- <string>dot</string>
- <key>neatoSeparation</key>
- <real>0.0</real>
- <key>twopiSeparation</key>
- <real>0.0</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Orientation</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>PrintOnePage</key>
- <false/>
- <key>RowAlign</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>RowSpacing</key>
- <real>36</real>
- <key>SheetTitle</key>
- <string>example-graphical</string>
- <key>UniqueID</key>
- <integer>3</integer>
- <key>VPages</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>ActiveLayerIndex</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>AutoAdjust</key>
- <true/>
- <key>BackgroundGraphic</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{0, 0}, {806, 536}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>SolidGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>CanvasOrigin</key>
- <string>{0, 0}</string>
- <key>ColumnAlign</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>ColumnSpacing</key>
- <real>36</real>
- <key>DisplayScale</key>
- <string>1.000 cm = 1.000 cm</string>
- <key>GraphicsList</key>
- <array>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{135, 423.5}, {85, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>345</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{123.5, 376.25}, {85, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>344</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-\f0\fs24 \cf0 specializationOf}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{123.5, 290.375}, {85, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>343</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{123.5, 210.75}, {85, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>342</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>268</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{566, 466.5}</string>
- <string>{617.5, 465.5}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Width</key>
- <real>2</real>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>267</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{566, 394.5}</string>
- <string>{617.5, 393.5}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Width</key>
- <real>2</real>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>266</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{566, 353.25}</string>
- <string>{617.5, 352.25}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Width</key>
- <real>2</real>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>AllowConnections</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>265</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{442.25, 352.25}</string>
- <string>{566, 352.25}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Width</key>
- <real>2</real>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>264</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{566, 153}</string>
- <string>{617.5, 152}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Width</key>
- <real>2</real>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{518.5, 96}, {23, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>262</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>AllowConnections</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>Head</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>260</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>261</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{530.5, 120}</string>
- <string>{529, 466.5}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>260</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{529, 466.5}</string>
- <string>{566.5, 466.5}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Width</key>
- <real>2</real>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>AllowConnections</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>259</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{252.5, 466}</string>
- <string>{568, 465}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>254</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>3</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>Head</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>225</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>255</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{233.75, 447.25}</string>
- <string>{233.75, 413.75}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Color</key>
- <dict>
- <key>b</key>
- <string>1</string>
- <key>g</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>r</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>FilledArrow</string>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>254</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{215, 447.25}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>254</integer>
- <key>Magnets</key>
- <array>
- <string>{0, 1}</string>
- <string>{0, -1}</string>
- <string>{1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Circle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>FillType</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>GradientAngle</key>
- <real>90</real>
- <key>GradientColor</key>
- <dict>
- <key>b</key>
- <string>1</string>
- <key>g</key>
- <string>1</string>
- <key>r</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-
-\f0\fs28 \cf0 e\sub 6}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>Head</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>186</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>249</integer>
- <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
- <true/>
- <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
- <string>{62.75, 395}</string>
- <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
- <real>-1</real>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{215, 395}</string>
- <string>{107.75, 171.25}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Color</key>
- <dict>
- <key>b</key>
- <string>1</string>
- <key>g</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>r</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>FilledArrow</string>
- <key>LineType</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>225</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>4</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>Head</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>186</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>248</integer>
- <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
- <true/>
- <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
- <string>{62.75, 310.5}</string>
- <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
- <real>-1</real>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{215, 310.5}</string>
- <string>{107.75, 171.25}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Color</key>
- <dict>
- <key>b</key>
- <string>1</string>
- <key>g</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>r</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>FilledArrow</string>
- <key>LineType</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>224</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>4</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>Head</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>186</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>247</integer>
- <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
- <true/>
- <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
- <string>{62.75, 229.5}</string>
- <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
- <real>-1</real>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{215, 229.5}</string>
- <string>{107.75, 171.25}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Color</key>
- <dict>
- <key>b</key>
- <string>1</string>
- <key>g</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>r</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>FilledArrow</string>
- <key>LineType</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>223</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>4</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>AllowConnections</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>246</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{354, 137}</string>
- <string>{354, 311}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>AllowConnections</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>245</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{422, 137}</string>
- <string>{422, 310}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>AllowConnections</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>244</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{494, 137}</string>
- <string>{494, 311}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>AllowConnections</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>242</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{252.5, 229.5}</string>
- <string>{566.5, 229}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>223</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>AllowConnections</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>Head</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>240</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>241</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{565.5, 137}</string>
- <string>{566.5, 394.5}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>240</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{498, 394.5}</string>
- <string>{566.5, 394.5}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Width</key>
- <real>2</real>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>AllowConnections</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>239</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{354, 310}</string>
- <string>{497, 310}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Width</key>
- <real>2</real>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>238</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{291, 230}</string>
- <string>{353, 230}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Width</key>
- <real>2</real>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>AllowConnections</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>Head</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>227</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>237</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{566.5, 395}</string>
- <string>{566.5, 418}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>AllowConnections</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>236</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{252.5, 310.5}</string>
- <string>{565.5, 310}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>224</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>3</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>Head</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>226</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>235</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{423, 311}</string>
- <string>{422.5, 335}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>AllowConnections</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>233</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{290, 141}</string>
- <string>{290, 482.5}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>232</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{290, 153}</string>
- <string>{575, 152}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Width</key>
- <real>2</real>
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- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{554.5, 114}, {23, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>231</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
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- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{484.5, 114}, {23, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>230</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
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- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{414.5, 114}, {23, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>229</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
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- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{344.5, 114}, {23, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
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- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>228</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
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- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{281.5, 114}, {23, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
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- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>Text</key>
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- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
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- <dict>
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- <dict>
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- <key>g</key>
- <string>1</string>
- <key>r</key>
- <string>0</string>
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- <key>ID</key>
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- <string>{1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
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- <key>g</key>
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- <dict>
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- <dict>
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- <string>{{215, 291.75}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
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- <dict>
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- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>305</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{346.305, 268}, {25, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>304</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-\f0\fs24 \cf0 wCo}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{273.305, 268}, {25, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>303</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-\f0\fs24 \cf0 wCo}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>AllowConnections</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>302</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{556, 250}</string>
- <string>{556, 298}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>FilledArrow</string>
- <key>LineType</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>FilledArrow</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>AllowConnections</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>301</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{511, 250}</string>
- <string>{511, 298}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>FilledArrow</string>
- <key>LineType</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>FilledArrow</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>AllowConnections</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>300</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{457, 250}</string>
- <string>{457, 298}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>FilledArrow</string>
- <key>LineType</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>FilledArrow</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>AllowConnections</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>299</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{398, 250}</string>
- <string>{398, 298}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>FilledArrow</string>
- <key>LineType</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>FilledArrow</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>AllowConnections</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>298</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{339, 250}</string>
- <string>{339, 298}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>FilledArrow</string>
- <key>LineType</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>FilledArrow</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>AllowConnections</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>297</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{267, 250}</string>
- <string>{267, 298}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>FilledArrow</string>
- <key>LineType</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>FilledArrow</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{254.725, 125.5}, {49, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>Vertical</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>296</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{305.848, 15.563}, {156.49, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>Vertical</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>295</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>AllowConnections</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>294</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{240, 36.5}</string>
- <string>{732, 36.5}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>FilledArrow</string>
- <key>LineType</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{118.06, 242}, {93.47, 84}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>Vertical</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>293</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{549.848, 303.874}, {18, 20}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>292</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{549.848, 229.5}, {18, 20}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>291</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{505.695, 304.374}, {18, 20}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>290</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{505.695, 230}, {18, 20}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>289</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{448.622, 304.374}, {18, 20}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>288</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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-
-\f0\fs20 \cf0 e\sub 2\super B}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{448.622, 230}, {18, 20}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>287</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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-
-\f0\fs20 \cf0 e\sub 3\super A}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{390.725, 303.874}, {18, 20}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>286</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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-
-\f0\fs20 \cf0 e\sub 1\super B}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{390.725, 229.5}, {18, 20}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>285</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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-
-\f0\fs20 \cf0 e\sub 3\super A}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{334.725, 303.874}, {18, 20}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>277</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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-
-\f0\fs20 \cf0 e\sub 1\super B}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{334.725, 229.5}, {18, 20}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>276</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-
-\f0\fs20 \cf0 e\sub 2\super A}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{262.725, 302.5}, {18, 20}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>275</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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-
-\f0\fs20 \cf0 e\sub 1\super B}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{262.725, 230}, {18, 20}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>274</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs20 \cf0 e\sub 1\super A}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>265</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{535, 167.437}</string>
- <string>{535, 187.437}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Width</key>
- <real>2</real>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>264</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{422.53, 167.437}</string>
- <string>{422.53, 187.437}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Width</key>
- <real>2</real>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>263</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{240, 168}</string>
- <string>{240, 188}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Width</key>
- <real>2</real>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>262</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{240, 75}</string>
- <string>{240, 95}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Width</key>
- <real>2</real>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>261</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{581.725, 75}</string>
- <string>{581.725, 95}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Width</key>
- <real>2</real>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>260</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{491.725, 75}</string>
- <string>{491.725, 95}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Width</key>
- <real>2</real>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>259</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{374.725, 75}</string>
- <string>{374.725, 95}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Width</key>
- <real>2</real>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>258</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{306, 76}</string>
- <string>{306, 96}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Width</key>
- <real>2</real>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{577, 170.437}, {49, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>Vertical</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>257</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-
-\f0\fs24 \cf0 L3}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{438, 170.437}, {49, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>Vertical</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>256</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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-
-\f0\fs24 \cf0 L2}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{308, 170.437}, {49, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>Vertical</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>255</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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-
-\f0\fs24 \cf0 L1}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{504, 75}, {49, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>Vertical</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>254</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs24 \cf0 M4}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{418.225, 75}, {49, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>Vertical</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>253</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs24 \cf0 M3}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{319.225, 75}, {49, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>Vertical</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>252</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs24 \cf0 M2}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{247.225, 75}, {49, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>Vertical</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>251</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs24 \cf0 M1}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>AllowConnections</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>250</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{240, 188}</string>
- <string>{732, 188}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>FilledArrow</string>
- <key>LineType</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>AllowConnections</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>249</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{240, 143}</string>
- <string>{732, 143}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>FilledArrow</string>
- <key>LineType</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>AllowConnections</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>210</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{240, 98}</string>
- <string>{732, 98}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>FilledArrow</string>
- <key>LineType</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>248</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{156, 125.5}</string>
- <string>{140, 125.5}</string>
- <string>{140, 209.5}</string>
- <string>{157, 209.5}</string>
- <string>{157, 210.5}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>247</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{151, 75}</string>
- <string>{135, 75}</string>
- <string>{135, 159}</string>
- <string>{152, 159}</string>
- <string>{152, 160}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{140, 177.437}, {93.47, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>Vertical</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>246</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs24 \cf0 Location}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{140, 89}, {93.47, 28}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>Vertical</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>245</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs24 \cf0 Membership count}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{140, 137}, {93.47, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>Vertical</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>244</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
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-\f0\fs24 \cf0 Established on}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{46, 24}, {156.49, 28}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>Vertical</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>243</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs24 \cf0 "The Royal Society"\
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{81.02, 163.437}, {55.245, 28}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>Vertical</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>242</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs24 \cf0 Asserter B}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{71, 98}, {55.245, 28}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>Vertical</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>241</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs24 \cf0 Asserter A}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>284</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{581.848, 52}</string>
- <string>{581.848, 289}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>283</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{533.848, 170.437}</string>
- <string>{533.848, 289}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>282</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{491.848, 52}</string>
- <string>{491.848, 289}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>281</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{422.53, 167.437}</string>
- <string>{422.848, 289}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>264</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>280</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{374.848, 52}</string>
- <string>{374.848, 289}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>279</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{305.848, 52}</string>
- <string>{305.848, 289}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>278</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{240, 52}</string>
- <string>{240, 289}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </array>
- <key>GridInfo</key>
- <dict/>
- <key>HPages</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>KeepToScale</key>
- <false/>
- <key>Layers</key>
- <array>
- <dict>
- <key>Lock</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>Name</key>
- <string>Layer 1</string>
- <key>Print</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>View</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- </dict>
- </array>
- <key>LayoutInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Animate</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>circoMinDist</key>
- <real>18</real>
- <key>circoSeparation</key>
- <real>0.0</real>
- <key>layoutEngine</key>
- <string>dot</string>
- <key>neatoSeparation</key>
- <real>0.0</real>
- <key>twopiSeparation</key>
- <real>0.0</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Orientation</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>PrintOnePage</key>
- <false/>
- <key>RowAlign</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>RowSpacing</key>
- <real>36</real>
- <key>SheetTitle</key>
- <string>complement-of</string>
- <key>UniqueID</key>
- <integer>4</integer>
- <key>VPages</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>ActiveLayerIndex</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>AutoAdjust</key>
- <true/>
- <key>BackgroundGraphic</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{0, 0}, {806, 536}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>SolidGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>CanvasOrigin</key>
- <string>{0, 0}</string>
- <key>ColumnAlign</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>ColumnSpacing</key>
- <real>36</real>
- <key>DisplayScale</key>
- <string>1.000 cm = 1.000 cm</string>
- <key>GraphicsList</key>
- <array>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>230</integer>
- <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
- <true/>
- <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
- <string>{0, 0}</string>
- <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
- <real>-1</real>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{254, 395.5}</string>
- <string>{142, 404.5}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Cap</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Join</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>LineType</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>StickArrow</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>228</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>3</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>Head</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>228</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>4</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>229</integer>
- <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
- <true/>
- <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
- <string>{0, 0}</string>
- <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
- <real>-1</real>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{253.693, 269.362}</string>
- <string>{133, 395.5}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Cap</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Join</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>LineType</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>StickArrow</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>4</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>10</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{133, 373}, {121, 45}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>228</integer>
- <key>Magnets</key>
- <array>
- <string>{0, 1}</string>
- <string>{0, -1}</string>
- <string>{1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Diamond</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Color</key>
- <dict>
- <key>b</key>
- <string>0.918478</string>
- <key>g</key>
- <string>0.918478</string>
- <key>r</key>
- <string>0.918478</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
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- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>Head</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>220</integer>
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- <integer>1</integer>
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- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>227</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{564.5, 393}</string>
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- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Cap</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Join</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>StickArrow</string>
- </dict>
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- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>225</integer>
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- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>Head</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>4</integer>
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- <integer>7</integer>
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- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>226</integer>
- <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
- <false/>
- <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
- <string>{0, 0}</string>
- <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
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- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{513, 409.75}</string>
- <string>{334, 260}</string>
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- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>UMLInheritance</string>
- <key>LineType</key>
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- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>225</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>8</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{513, 393}, {103, 33.5}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>225</integer>
- <key>Magnets</key>
- <array>
- <string>{1, 1}</string>
- <string>{1, -1}</string>
- <string>{-1, -1}</string>
- <string>{-1, 1}</string>
- <string>{0, 1}</string>
- <string>{0, -1}</string>
- <string>{1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-0.5, -0.233518}</string>
- <string>{-0.491442, 0.260063}</string>
- <string>{0.507118, -0.224086}</string>
- <string>{0.507118, 0.267179}</string>
- <string>{-0.27431, -0.474028}</string>
- <string>{0.27978, -0.478478}</string>
- <string>{0.293938, 0.543044}</string>
- <string>{-0.286232, 0.553804}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Color</key>
- <dict>
- <key>b</key>
- <string>0.918478</string>
- <key>g</key>
- <string>0.918478</string>
- <key>r</key>
- <string>0.918478</string>
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- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
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- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
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- <key>ID</key>
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- <integer>4</integer>
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- <integer>224</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{482, 260}</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
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- <integer>0</integer>
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- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>36</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>7</integer>
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- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>Head</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>25</integer>
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- <integer>8</integer>
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- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>223</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{625, 333.5}</string>
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- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Cap</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
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- <key>Join</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
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- <string>StickArrow</string>
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- </dict>
- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>220</integer>
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- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>Head</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>25</integer>
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- <integer>8</integer>
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- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>222</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{625, 260}</string>
- <string>{663.875, 260}</string>
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- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Cap</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Join</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>StickArrow</string>
- </dict>
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- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
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- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
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- <key>Info</key>
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- <key>ID</key>
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- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{482, 260}</string>
- <string>{504, 260}</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
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- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
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- <integer>7</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{504, 311}, {121, 45}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>220</integer>
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- <array>
- <string>{0, 1}</string>
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- <key>Shape</key>
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- <dict>
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- <dict>
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- <dict>
- <key>b</key>
- <string>0.918478</string>
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- <string>0.918478</string>
- <key>r</key>
- <string>0.918478</string>
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- <dict>
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- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{504, 237.5}, {121, 45}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>218</integer>
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- <dict>
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- <dict>
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- <string>0.918478</string>
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- <string>0.918478</string>
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- <dict>
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- <string>{{394, 166}, {72, 45}}</string>
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- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
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- <key>Class</key>
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- <string>{-1, -1}</string>
- <string>{-1, 1}</string>
- <string>{0, 1}</string>
- <string>{0, -1}</string>
- <string>{1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-0.5, -0.233518}</string>
- <string>{-0.491442, 0.260063}</string>
- <string>{0.507118, -0.224086}</string>
- <string>{0.507118, 0.267179}</string>
- <string>{-0.27431, -0.474028}</string>
- <string>{0.27978, -0.478478}</string>
- <string>{0.293938, 0.543044}</string>
- <string>{-0.286232, 0.553804}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Color</key>
- <dict>
- <key>b</key>
- <string>0.918478</string>
- <key>g</key>
- <string>0.918478</string>
- <key>r</key>
- <string>0.918478</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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-
-\f0\fs24 \cf0 activity}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{253, 242}, {81, 36}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>4</integer>
- <key>Magnets</key>
- <array>
- <string>{1, 1}</string>
- <string>{1, -1}</string>
- <string>{-1, -1}</string>
- <string>{-1, 1}</string>
- <string>{0, 1}</string>
- <string>{0, -1}</string>
- <string>{1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-0.5, -0.233518}</string>
- <string>{-0.491442, 0.260063}</string>
- <string>{0.507118, -0.224086}</string>
- <string>{0.507118, 0.267179}</string>
- <string>{-0.27431, -0.474028}</string>
- <string>{0.27978, -0.478478}</string>
- <string>{0.293938, 0.543044}</string>
- <string>{-0.286232, 0.553804}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Color</key>
- <dict>
- <key>b</key>
- <string>0.918478</string>
- <key>g</key>
- <string>0.918478</string>
- <key>r</key>
- <string>0.918478</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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-
-\f0\fs24 \cf0 entity}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </array>
- <key>GridInfo</key>
- <dict/>
- <key>HPages</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>KeepToScale</key>
- <false/>
- <key>Layers</key>
- <array>
- <dict>
- <key>Lock</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>Name</key>
- <string>Layer 1</string>
- <key>Print</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>View</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- </dict>
- </array>
- <key>LayoutInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Animate</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>circoMinDist</key>
- <real>18</real>
- <key>circoSeparation</key>
- <real>0.0</real>
- <key>layoutEngine</key>
- <string>dot</string>
- <key>neatoSeparation</key>
- <real>0.0</real>
- <key>twopiSeparation</key>
- <real>0.0</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Orientation</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>PrintOnePage</key>
- <false/>
- <key>RowAlign</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>RowSpacing</key>
- <real>36</real>
- <key>SheetTitle</key>
- <string>overview</string>
- <key>UniqueID</key>
- <integer>8</integer>
- <key>VPages</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>ActiveLayerIndex</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>AutoAdjust</key>
- <true/>
- <key>BackgroundGraphic</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{0, 0}, {806, 536}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>SolidGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>CanvasOrigin</key>
- <string>{0, 0}</string>
- <key>ColumnAlign</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>ColumnSpacing</key>
- <real>36</real>
- <key>DisplayScale</key>
- <string>1.000 cm = 1.000 cm</string>
- <key>GraphicsList</key>
- <array>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{213.5, 180.82}, {67, 12}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>10</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>249</integer>
- <key>Line</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>245</integer>
- <key>Position</key>
- <real>0.32363682985305786</real>
- <key>RotationType</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 Helvetica;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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-
-\f0\fs20 \cf0 what is Quoted}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{252.5, 215}, {28, 12}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>10</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>248</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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-
-\f0\fs20 \cf0 Quote}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{472, 215}, {33, 12}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>10</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>247</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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-
-\f0\fs20 \cf0 Quoted}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{559, 215}, {36, 12}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>10</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>246</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 Helvetica;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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-
-\f0\fs20 \cf0 Quoting}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>Head</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>240</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>4</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>245</integer>
- <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
- <true/>
- <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
- <string>{0, 0}</string>
- <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
- <real>-1</real>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{247, 242}</string>
- <string>{338, 162.5}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Cap</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Join</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>LineType</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>StickArrow</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>4</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>Head</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>240</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>244</integer>
- <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
- <true/>
- <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
- <string>{0, 0}</string>
- <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
- <real>-1</real>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{229.162, 242.775}</string>
- <string>{338, 162.5}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Cap</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Join</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>LineType</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>StickArrow</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>4</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>14</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>Head</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>36</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>13</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>243</integer>
- <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
- <true/>
- <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
- <string>{0, 0}</string>
- <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
- <real>-1</real>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{440, 162.5}</string>
- <string>{512.281, 244.12}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Cap</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Join</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>LineType</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>StickArrow</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>240</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>3</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>Head</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>36</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>14</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>242</integer>
- <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
- <true/>
- <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
- <string>{0, 0}</string>
- <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
- <real>-1</real>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{440, 162.5}</string>
- <string>{557.162, 243.971}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Cap</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Join</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>LineType</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>StickArrow</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>240</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>3</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>Head</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>232</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>3</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>241</integer>
- <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
- <true/>
- <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
- <string>{0, 0}</string>
- <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
- <real>-1</real>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{494, 260}</string>
- <string>{440, 260}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Cap</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Join</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>LineType</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>StickArrow</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>36</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>8</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{338, 140}, {102, 45}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>240</integer>
- <key>Magnets</key>
- <array>
- <string>{0, 1}</string>
- <string>{0, -1}</string>
- <string>{1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Diamond</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Color</key>
- <dict>
- <key>b</key>
- <string>0.918478</string>
- <key>g</key>
- <string>0.918478</string>
- <key>r</key>
- <string>0.918478</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 Helvetica;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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-
-\f0\fs20 \cf0 was Quoted from}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>Head</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>25</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>7</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>239</integer>
- <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
- <true/>
- <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
- <string>{0, 0}</string>
- <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
- <real>-1</real>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{751.375, 162.5}</string>
- <string>{744.875, 260}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Cap</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>StickArrow</string>
- <key>Join</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>LineType</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>225</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>3</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>Head</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>235</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>3</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>238</integer>
- <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
- <true/>
- <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
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- <key>HeadArrow</key>
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- <key>Join</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>LineType</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>StickArrow</string>
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- <dict>
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- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>16</integer>
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- <dict>
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- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
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- <key>Magnets</key>
- <array>
- <string>{0, 1}</string>
- <string>{0, -1}</string>
- <string>{1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Diamond</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Color</key>
- <dict>
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- <string>0.918478</string>
- <key>g</key>
- <string>0.918478</string>
- <key>r</key>
- <string>0.918478</string>
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- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
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- <dict>
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- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
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- <string>{-1, -1}</string>
- <string>{-1, 1}</string>
- <string>{0, 1}</string>
- <string>{0, -1}</string>
- <string>{1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-0.5, -0.233518}</string>
- <string>{-0.491442, 0.260063}</string>
- <string>{0.507118, -0.224086}</string>
- <string>{0.507118, 0.267179}</string>
- <string>{-0.27431, -0.474028}</string>
- <string>{0.27978, -0.478478}</string>
- <string>{0.293938, 0.543044}</string>
- <string>{-0.286232, 0.553804}</string>
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- <key>Shape</key>
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- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Color</key>
- <dict>
- <key>b</key>
- <string>0.918478</string>
- <key>g</key>
- <string>0.918478</string>
- <key>r</key>
- <string>0.918478</string>
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- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
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- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <dict>
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- <key>ID</key>
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- <string>{-1, -1}</string>
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- <string>{0, -1}</string>
- <string>{1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-0.5, -0.233518}</string>
- <string>{-0.491442, 0.260063}</string>
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- <string>{0.507118, 0.267179}</string>
- <string>{-0.27431, -0.474028}</string>
- <string>{0.27978, -0.478478}</string>
- <string>{0.293938, 0.543044}</string>
- <string>{-0.286232, 0.553804}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Color</key>
- <dict>
- <key>b</key>
- <string>0.918478</string>
- <key>g</key>
- <string>0.918478</string>
- <key>r</key>
- <string>0.918478</string>
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- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
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- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{166, 242}, {81, 36}}</string>
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- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
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- <array>
- <string>{1, 1}</string>
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- <string>{-1, -1}</string>
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- <string>{0, -1}</string>
- <string>{1, 0}</string>
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- <string>{0.27978, -0.478478}</string>
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- <string>{-0.286232, 0.553804}</string>
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- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Color</key>
- <dict>
- <key>b</key>
- <string>0.918478</string>
- <key>g</key>
- <string>0.918478</string>
- <key>r</key>
- <string>0.918478</string>
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- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
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- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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- <dict/>
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- <false/>
- <key>Layers</key>
- <array>
- <dict>
- <key>Lock</key>
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- <string>Layer 1</string>
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- <dict>
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- <real>0.0</real>
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- <string>dot</string>
- <key>neatoSeparation</key>
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- <key>twopiSeparation</key>
- <real>0.0</real>
- </dict>
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- <key>PrintOnePage</key>
- <false/>
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- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>RowSpacing</key>
- <real>36</real>
- <key>SheetTitle</key>
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- <integer>9</integer>
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- <integer>1</integer>
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- <dict>
- <key>ActiveLayerIndex</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
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- <true/>
- <key>BackgroundGraphic</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{0, 0}, {806, 536}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>SolidGraphic</string>
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- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- </dict>
- </dict>
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- <string>{0, 0}</string>
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- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>ColumnSpacing</key>
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- <key>DisplayScale</key>
- <string>1.000 cm = 1.000 cm</string>
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- <array>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{505, 343}, {136.544, 14}}</string>
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- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
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- <string>Vertical</string>
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- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
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- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>289</integer>
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- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
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- <string>0</string>
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- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
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- <real>12</real>
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- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
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- <dict>
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- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
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- <dict>
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- <dict>
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- <dict>
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- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
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- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
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- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs28 \cf0 k\sub 2}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{293, 232}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>279</integer>
- <key>Magnets</key>
- <array>
- <string>{0, 1}</string>
- <string>{0, -1}</string>
- <string>{1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Circle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict/>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs28 \cf0 e\sub 2}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>Head</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>269</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>278</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{487.588, 250.75}</string>
- <string>{330.5, 180.75}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>FilledArrow</string>
- <key>LineType</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>276</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{174, 131.374}, {97.176, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>Vertical</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>277</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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-
-\f0\fs24 \cf0 wasAddedTo_coll}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{487.588, 232}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>276</integer>
- <key>Magnets</key>
- <array>
- <string>{0, 1}</string>
- <string>{0, -1}</string>
- <string>{1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Circle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict/>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs28 \cf0 c\sub 3}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{134, 162}, {125, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>Vertical</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>275</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs24 \cf0 wasAddedTo_entity}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{151.912, 238}, {97.176, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>Vertical</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>274</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs24 \cf0 wasAddedTo_key}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>Head</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>271</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>3</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>273</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{293, 180.75}</string>
- <string>{121.5, 237.75}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>FilledArrow</string>
- <key>LineType</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>269</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>Head</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>270</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>3</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>272</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{293, 180.75}</string>
- <string>{121.5, 180.75}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>FilledArrow</string>
- <key>LineType</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>269</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{84, 219}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>271</integer>
- <key>Magnets</key>
- <array>
- <string>{0, 1}</string>
- <string>{0, -1}</string>
- <string>{1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Circle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict/>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs28 \cf0 k\sub 1}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{84, 162}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>270</integer>
- <key>Magnets</key>
- <array>
- <string>{0, 1}</string>
- <string>{0, -1}</string>
- <string>{1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Circle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict/>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs28 \cf0 e\sub 1}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{293, 162}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>269</integer>
- <key>Magnets</key>
- <array>
- <string>{0, 1}</string>
- <string>{0, -1}</string>
- <string>{1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Circle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict/>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs28 \cf0 c\sub 2}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{384, 185.5}, {97.176, 14}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>Vertical</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>12</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>255</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs24 \cf0 wasAddedTo_coll}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{84, 98.874}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>229</integer>
- <key>Magnets</key>
- <array>
- <string>{0, 1}</string>
- <string>{0, -1}</string>
- <string>{1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Circle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict/>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs28 \cf0 c\sub 1}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>Head</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>229</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>211</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{293, 180.75}</string>
- <string>{121.5, 117.624}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>FilledArrow</string>
- <key>LineType</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Tail</key>
- <dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>269</integer>
- <key>Info</key>
- <integer>4</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </array>
- <key>GridInfo</key>
- <dict/>
- <key>HPages</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>KeepToScale</key>
- <false/>
- <key>Layers</key>
- <array>
- <dict>
- <key>Lock</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>Name</key>
- <string>Layer 1</string>
- <key>Print</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>View</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- </dict>
- </array>
- <key>LayoutInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Animate</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- <key>circoMinDist</key>
- <real>18</real>
- <key>circoSeparation</key>
- <real>0.0</real>
- <key>layoutEngine</key>
- <string>dot</string>
- <key>neatoSeparation</key>
- <real>0.0</real>
- <key>twopiSeparation</key>
- <real>0.0</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Orientation</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>PrintOnePage</key>
- <false/>
- <key>RowAlign</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>RowSpacing</key>
- <real>36</real>
- <key>SheetTitle</key>
- <string>collections example</string>
- <key>UniqueID</key>
- <integer>7</integer>
- <key>VPages</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>ActiveLayerIndex</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>AutoAdjust</key>
- <true/>
- <key>BackgroundGraphic</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{0, 0}, {1612, 536}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>SolidGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>CanvasOrigin</key>
- <string>{0, 0}</string>
- <key>ColumnAlign</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>ColumnSpacing</key>
- <real>36</real>
- <key>DisplayScale</key>
- <string>1.000 cm = 1.000 cm</string>
- <key>GraphicsList</key>
- <array>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{563, 63}, {18, 16}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>10</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>53</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs28 \cf0 (b)}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{683, 304}, {242, 76}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>10</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>52</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Align</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\ql\qnatural\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs28 \cf0 assertions:\
-1. viewOf(e1,e3) valid in [ev\sub 2\nosupersub , ev\sub 3\nosupersub ],\
-2. viewOf(e3,e2) valid in [ev\sub 4\nosupersub , ev\sub 5\nosupersub ]\
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{897.5, 258}, {23, 22}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>10</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>51</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs28 \cf0 ev\sub 6}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{820, 258}, {23, 22}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>10</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>50</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs28 \cf0 ev\sub 5}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{783, 258}, {23, 22}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>10</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>49</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs28 \cf0 ev\sub 4}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{739, 258}, {23, 22}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>10</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>48</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs28 \cf0 ev\sub 3}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{685, 258}, {23, 22}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>10</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>47</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs28 \cf0 ev\sub 2}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{658, 258}, {23, 22}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>10</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>46</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs28 \cf0 ev\sub 1}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>45</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{909, 253}</string>
- <string>{909, 63}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Cap</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Join</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>44</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{830, 253}</string>
- <string>{830, 63}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Cap</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Join</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>43</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{792, 253}</string>
- <string>{792, 63}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Cap</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Join</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>42</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{753, 253}</string>
- <string>{753, 63}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Cap</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Join</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>41</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{696, 253}</string>
- <string>{696, 63}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Cap</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Join</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>40</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{669, 253}</string>
- <string>{669, 63}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Cap</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Join</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{697, 188.5}, {133, 31}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>39</integer>
- <key>Magnets</key>
- <array>
- <string>{1, 1}</string>
- <string>{1, -1}</string>
- <string>{-1, -1}</string>
- <string>{-1, 1}</string>
- <string>{0, 1}</string>
- <string>{0, -1}</string>
- <string>{1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-0.5, -0.233518}</string>
- <string>{-0.491442, 0.260063}</string>
- <string>{0.507118, -0.224086}</string>
- <string>{0.507118, 0.267179}</string>
- <string>{-0.27431, -0.474028}</string>
- <string>{0.27978, -0.478478}</string>
- <string>{0.293938, 0.543044}</string>
- <string>{-0.286232, 0.553804}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>FillType</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>GradientAngle</key>
- <real>90</real>
- <key>GradientColor</key>
- <dict>
- <key>w</key>
- <string>0.666667</string>
- </dict>
- <key>MiddleFraction</key>
- <real>0.6904761791229248</real>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{792, 143.5}, {117, 31}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>38</integer>
- <key>Magnets</key>
- <array>
- <string>{1, 1}</string>
- <string>{1, -1}</string>
- <string>{-1, -1}</string>
- <string>{-1, 1}</string>
- <string>{0, 1}</string>
- <string>{0, -1}</string>
- <string>{1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-0.5, -0.233518}</string>
- <string>{-0.491442, 0.260063}</string>
- <string>{0.507118, -0.224086}</string>
- <string>{0.507118, 0.267179}</string>
- <string>{-0.27431, -0.474028}</string>
- <string>{0.27978, -0.478478}</string>
- <string>{0.293938, 0.543044}</string>
- <string>{-0.286232, 0.553804}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>FillType</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>GradientAngle</key>
- <real>90</real>
- <key>GradientColor</key>
- <dict>
- <key>w</key>
- <string>0.666667</string>
- </dict>
- <key>MiddleFraction</key>
- <real>0.6904761791229248</real>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
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- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{669, 101}, {84, 31}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>37</integer>
- <key>Magnets</key>
- <array>
- <string>{1, 1}</string>
- <string>{1, -1}</string>
- <string>{-1, -1}</string>
- <string>{-1, 1}</string>
- <string>{0, 1}</string>
- <string>{0, -1}</string>
- <string>{1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-1, 0}</string>
- <string>{-0.5, -0.233518}</string>
- <string>{-0.491442, 0.260063}</string>
- <string>{0.507118, -0.224086}</string>
- <string>{0.507118, 0.267179}</string>
- <string>{-0.27431, -0.474028}</string>
- <string>{0.27978, -0.478478}</string>
- <string>{0.293938, 0.543044}</string>
- <string>{-0.286232, 0.553804}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>Rectangle</string>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>FillType</key>
- <integer>2</integer>
- <key>GradientAngle</key>
- <real>90</real>
- <key>GradientColor</key>
- <dict>
- <key>w</key>
- <string>0.666667</string>
- </dict>
- <key>MiddleFraction</key>
- <real>0.6904761791229248</real>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>36</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{647, 218.5}</string>
- <string>{978, 218.5}</string>
- <string>{872, 218.5}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Cap</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Join</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>35</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{647, 174.5}</string>
- <string>{978, 174.5}</string>
- <string>{872, 174.5}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Cap</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Join</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{612, 210}, {16, 22}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>10</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>34</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-
-\f0\fs28 \cf0 e\sub 3}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{612, 164}, {16, 22}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>10</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>33</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs28 \cf0 e\sub 2}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>32</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{647, 132}</string>
- <string>{978, 132}</string>
- <string>{872, 132}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Cap</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Join</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{612, 118}, {16, 22}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>10</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>31</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs28 \cf0 e\sub 1}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{39, 62}, {18, 16}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>10</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>30</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs28 \cf0 (a)}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{159, 303}, {242, 82}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>10</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>29</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Align</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\ql\qnatural\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs28 \cf0 assertions:\
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- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{373.5, 257}, {23, 22}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>10</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>28</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs28 \cf0 ev\sub 6}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{314, 257}, {23, 22}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>10</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>27</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs28 \cf0 ev\sub 5}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{277, 257}, {23, 22}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>10</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>26</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs28 \cf0 ev\sub 4}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{206, 257}, {23, 22}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>10</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>25</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs28 \cf0 ev\sub 3}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{161, 257}, {23, 22}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>10</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>24</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs28 \cf0 ev\sub 2}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Bounds</key>
- <string>{{134, 257}, {23, 22}}</string>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
- <key>FitText</key>
- <string>YES</string>
- <key>Flow</key>
- <string>Resize</string>
- <key>FontInfo</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Font</key>
- <string>ArialMT</string>
- <key>Size</key>
- <real>10</real>
- </dict>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>23</integer>
- <key>Shape</key>
- <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
- <key>ShapeData</key>
- <dict>
- <key>width</key>
- <real>3</real>
- </dict>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>fill</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>shadow</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Draws</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <key>Text</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Pad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Text</key>
- <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
-{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
-{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
-\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
-
-\f0\fs28 \cf0 ev\sub 1}</string>
- <key>VerticalPad</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- </dict>
- <key>Wrap</key>
- <string>NO</string>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>22</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{385, 252}</string>
- <string>{385, 62}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Cap</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Join</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>21</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{325, 252}</string>
- <string>{325, 62}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Cap</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Join</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- <dict>
- <key>Class</key>
- <string>LineGraphic</string>
- <key>ID</key>
- <integer>20</integer>
- <key>Points</key>
- <array>
- <string>{289, 252}</string>
- <string>{289, 62}</string>
- </array>
- <key>Style</key>
- <dict>
- <key>stroke</key>
- <dict>
- <key>Cap</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>HeadArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- <key>Join</key>
- <integer>0</integer>
- <key>Pattern</key>
- <integer>1</integer>
- <key>TailArrow</key>
- <string>0</string>
- </dict>
- </dict>
- </dict>
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Binary file model/working-copy/images/old-overview.png has changed
Binary file model/working-copy/images/sec6-summary.png has changed
Binary file model/working-copy/images/timeline.png has changed
Binary file model/working-copy/images/viewOf.png has changed
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/old/Makefile Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+
+HGID.OLD=`hg -q id`
+HGID=`hg parents --template='{node|short}'`
+OUT.JS=glossary.js
+IN.HTML=glossary.html
+
+make.glossary.js: glossary.html Makefile
+ @$(MAKE) OUT.JS=$(OUT.JS) documentation
+ @$(MAKE) OUT.JS=$(OUT.JS) hgGlossaryId
+ @echo "glossary_string= " >> $(OUT.JS)
+ cat $(IN.HTML) | awk '{ print "'\''" $$0 " '\'' + " }' >> $(OUT.JS)
+ echo "' ' ;" >> $(OUT.JS)
+
+hgGlossaryId:
+ @echo "glossary_hg='http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/$(HGID)/model/working-copy/glossary.html';" >> $(OUT.JS)
+
+documentation:
+ @echo "//Automatically generated file, don't edit!" > $(OUT.JS)
+ @echo "//Include this $(OUT.JS) file in your specification" >> $(OUT.JS)
+ @echo "// with <script src=\"$(OUT.JS)\" class=\"remove\"></script>" >> $(OUT.JS)
+ @echo "//Insert glossary definitions with the following " >> $(OUT.JS)
+ @echo "// <div class=\"glossary-ref\" ref=\"glossary-generation\"></div>" >> $(OUT.JS)
+
+
+# uses html2xhtml
+# http://www.it.uc3m.es/jaf/html2xhtml/downloads/html2xhtml-1.1.2-2.tar.gz
+
+WORKDIR=generated
+
+xsl:
+ html2xhtml -t 1.1 towards-wd4.html -o $(WORKDIR)/towards-wd4.xhtml
+ html2xhtml -t 1.1 prov-dm-constraints.html -o $(WORKDIR)/prov-dm-constraints.xhtml
+ grep -v mdash $(WORKDIR)/towards-wd4.xhtml | grep -v "/html" > $(WORKDIR)/towards-wd4-2.xhtml
+ cat $(WORKDIR)/prov-dm-constraints.xhtml | sed -e "s/&le/le/g" | sed -e "s/&cup/cup/g" | sed -e "s/&ge/ge/g" | grep -v "/html" > $(WORKDIR)/prov-dm-constraints-2.xhtml
+ csplit -f $(WORKDIR)/out $(WORKDIR)/towards-wd4-2.xhtml /body/
+ echo "<html>" > $(WORKDIR)/all-divs.html
+ xpath $(WORKDIR)/out01 .//div[@class] >> $(WORKDIR)/all-divs.html
+ csplit -f $(WORKDIR)/out $(WORKDIR)/prov-dm-constraints-2.xhtml /body/
+ xpath $(WORKDIR)/out01 .//div[@class] >> $(WORKDIR)/all-divs.html
+ xpath $(WORKDIR)/out01 .//span[@class] >> $(WORKDIR)/all-divs.html
+ echo "</html>" >> $(WORKDIR)/all-divs.html
+ cat $(WORKDIR)/all-divs.html | sed -e "s/\'/\\\'/g" > $(WORKDIR)/all-divs2.html
+ $(MAKE) make.all-divs.js
+
+make.all-divs.js: $(WORKDIR)/all-divs2.html Makefile
+ $(MAKE) OUT.JS=all-divs.js IN.HTML=$(WORKDIR)/all-divs2.html make.divs.js
+
+hgDivsId:
+ @echo "divs_hg='http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/$(HGID)/model/working-copy/towards-wd4.html';" >> $(OUT.JS)
+
+make.divs.js:
+ @$(MAKE) OUT.JS=$(OUT.JS) documentation
+ @$(MAKE) OUT.JS=$(OUT.JS) hgDivsId
+ @echo "divs_string= " >> $(OUT.JS)
+ cat $(IN.HTML) | awk '{ print "'\''" $$0 " '\'' + " }' >> $(OUT.JS)
+ echo "' ' ;" >> $(OUT.JS)
+
+
+
+
+
+// xpath towards-wd4.xhtml //div[@class='anexample']
+
Binary file model/working-copy/old/OverviewDiagram.png has changed
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/old/OverviewDiagram.svg Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
+<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
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+<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="15" y="323">
+actedOnBehalfOf</text>
+<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="187" y="268">
+</text>
+<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="193" y="340">
+</text>
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+</text>
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+ <text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="333" y="106">
+used</text></a>
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+</text>
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+</text>
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+<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="301" y="140">
+</text>
+<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="435" y="140">
+</text>
+</svg>
Binary file model/working-copy/old/activityAssociation.png has changed
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/old/activityAssociation.svg Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
+<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
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+<rect fill="#000000" height="1" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="132" x="112" y="166"/>
+<text font-family="Lucida Grande" font-size="13" x="116" y="181">
+id</text>
+<text font-family="Lucida Grande" font-size="13" x="116" y="198">
+attributeList</text>
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+<rect fill="none" height="68" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="66" x="152" y="14"/>
+<text font-family="Lucida Grande" font-size="13" x="172" y="28">
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+</svg>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/old/all-divs.js Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,1507 @@
+//Automatically generated file, don't edit!
+//Include this all-divs.js file in your specification
+// with <script src="all-divs.js" class="remove"></script>
+//Insert glossary definitions with the following
+// <div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-generation"></div>
+divs_hg='http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/8365f0c49114/model/working-copy/towards-wd4.html';
+divs_string=
+'<html> ' +
+'<div class="buttonpanel"> ' +
+' <form action="#"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' <input id="hide-asn" onclick="set_display_by_class(\'div\',\'withAsn\',\'none\');set_display_by_class(\'span\',\'withAsn\',\'none\'); set_display_by_id(\'hide-asn\',\'none\'); set_display_by_id(\'show-asn\',\'\');" type="button" value="Hide ASN" /> <input id="show-asn" onclick="set_display_by_class(\'div\',\'withAsn\',\'\'); set_display_by_class(\'span\',\'withAsn\',\'\'); set_display_by_id(\'hide-asn\',\'\'); set_display_by_id(\'show-asn\',\'none\');" style="display: none" type="button" value="Show ASN" /> ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' </form> ' +
+' </div><div class="note" id="changes"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' Following F2F2 guidance, in this document we try to: ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' <ul> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' pitch from the start the idea of an upgrade path, from \'scruffy ' +
+' provenance\' (term TBD), to \'precise provenance\' (term TBD) ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' formulate concepts without referring to things, just in term of ' +
+' entities, the intent is that the semantics only refers to things ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' introduce concepts minimally, just to be able to express \'scruffy ' +
+' provenance\' ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' present the data model ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' present the upgrade path ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' contemplating the organization of the deliverable in two/three ' +
+' separate documents. ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' </ul> ' +
+' </div><div class="note" id="editorial-notes"> ' +
+' <ul> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' Term \'record\' dropped: we no longer refer to \'entity record\', ' +
+' \'activity record\', etc but simply to \'entity\', \'activity\', etc ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' Aiming to drop the word \'assertion\'. This is work in progress. ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' Aiming to drop the word \'characterization\'. ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' </ul> ' +
+' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
+' There is a desire to use a single namespace that all specifications of the ' +
+' PROV family can share to refer to common provenance terms. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/224">ISSUE-224</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="glossary-ref"> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="entity-example"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' An entity may be the document at URI <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>, ' +
+' a file in a file system, a car or an idea. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="activity-example"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' An activity may be the publishing of a document on the web, sending a ' +
+' twitter message, extracting metadata embedded in a file, or driving a ' +
+' car from Boston to Cambridge, assembling a data set based on a set of ' +
+' measurements, performing a statistical analysis over a data set, sorting ' +
+' news items according to some criteria, running a SPARQL query over a ' +
+' triple store, and editing a file. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="agent-example"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' Software for checking the use of grammar in a document may be defined as ' +
+' an agent of a document preparation activity, and at the same time one ' +
+' can describe its provenance, including for instance the vendor and the ' +
+' version history. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' </div><div class="glossary-ref"> ' +
+' </div><div class="glossary-ref"> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="generation-example"> ' +
+' Examples of generation are the completed creation of a file by a program, ' +
+' the completed creation of a linked data set, and the completed publication ' +
+' of a new version of a document. ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="usage-example"> ' +
+' Usage examples include a procedure beginning to consume an argument, a ' +
+' service starting to read a value on a port, a program beginning to read a ' +
+' configuration file, or the point at which an ingredient, such as eggs, is ' +
+' being added in a baking activity. Usage may entirely consume an entity ' +
+' (e.g. eggs are no longer available after being added to the mix); ' +
+' alternatively, a same entity may be used multiple times, possibly by ' +
+' different activities (e.g. a file on a file system can be read ' +
+' indefinitely). ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="derivation-example"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' Examples of derivation include the transformation of a relational table ' +
+' into a linked data set, the transformation of a canvas into a painting, ' +
+' the transportation of a work of art from London to New York, and a ' +
+' physical transformation such as the melting of ice into water. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="plan-example"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' A plan can be a blog post tutorial for how to set up a web server, a ' +
+' list of instructions for a micro-processor execution, a cook\'s written ' +
+' recipe for a chocolate cake, or a workflow for a scientific experiment. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="collection-example"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' An example of collection is an archive of documents. Each document has ' +
+' its own provenance, but the archive itself also has some provenance: who ' +
+' maintained it, which documents it contained at which point in time, how ' +
+' it was assembled, etc. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="account-example"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' Having found a resource, a user may want to retrieve its provenance. For ' +
+' users to decide whether they can place their trust in that resource, ' +
+' they may want to analyze its provenance, but also determine who the ' +
+' provenance is attributed to, and when it was generated. Hence, from the ' +
+' PROV-DM data model, the provenance is regarded as an entity, an ' +
+' AccountEntity, for which provenance can be sought. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="software-agents-example"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' Even software agents can be assigned some responsibility for the effects ' +
+' they have in the world, so for example if one is using a Text Editor and ' +
+' one\'s laptop crashes, then one would say that the Text Editor was ' +
+' responsible for crashing the laptop. If one invokes a service to buy a ' +
+' book, that service can be considered responsible for drawing funds from ' +
+' one\'s bank to make the purchase (the company that runs the service and ' +
+' the web site would also be responsible, but the point here is that we ' +
+' assign some measure of responsibility to software as well). ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="association-example"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' Examples of association between an activity and agent are: ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' <ul> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' creation of a web page under the guidance of a designer; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' various forms of participation in a panel discussion, including ' +
+' audience member, panelist, or panel chair; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' a public event, sponsored by a company, and hosted by a museum; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' an XSLT transform initiated by a user; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' </ul> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="responsibilityChain-example"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' A student publishing a web page describing an academic department could ' +
+' result in both the student and the department being agents associated ' +
+' with the activity, and it may not matter which student published a web ' +
+' page but it matters a lot that the department told the student to put up ' +
+' the web page. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' </div><div class="note"> ' +
+' TODO: short text required to explain the overview diagram ' +
+' </div><div class="note"> ' +
+' Illustration to be hand crafted instead of being generated automatically. ' +
+' It\'s important to adopt a common style for all illustrations across all ' +
+' PROV documents. ' +
+' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-entity"> ' +
+' An entity<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">entity(id, [ ' +
+' attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-ASN, </span> contains: ' +
+' <ul> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>id</em>: an identifier identifying an entity; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs ' +
+' representing this entity\'s situation in the world. ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' </ul> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' The following expression ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+'entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ]) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' states the existence of an entity, denoted by identifier <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>, ' +
+' with type <span class="name">document</span> and version number <span class="name">2</span>. The attributes <span class="name">ex:version</span> ' +
+' is application specific, whereas the attribute <span class="name">type</span> ' +
+' is reserved in the PROV-DM namespace. ' +
+' <!-- The following expression</p> <pre class="codeexample"> ' +
+' entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ]) ' +
+' entity(e0, [ prov:type="File", ex:path="/shared/crime.txt", ' +
+' ex:creator="Alice" ]) </pre> states the existence of an entity, denoted ' +
+' by identifier <span class="name">e0</span>, with type <span ' +
+' class="name">File</span> and path <span ' +
+' class="name">/shared/crime.txt</span> in the file system, and creator ' +
+' alice. The attributes <span class="name">path</span> and <span ' +
+' class="name">creator</span> are application specific, whereas the ' +
+' attribute <span class="name">type</span> is reserved in the PROV-DM ' +
+' namespace. --> ' +
+' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
+' The characterization interval of an entity is currently implicit. Making ' +
+' it explicit would allow us to define wasComplementOf more precisely. ' +
+' Beginning and end of characterization interval could be expressed by ' +
+' attributes (similarly to activities). How do we define the end of an ' +
+' entity? This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/204">ISSUE-204</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
+' There is still some confusion about what the identifiers really denote. ' +
+' For instance, are they entity identifiers or entity record identifiers. ' +
+' This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/183">ISSUE-183</a>. ' +
+' An example and questions appear in <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/215">ISSUE-215</a>. A ' +
+' related issued is also raised in <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/145">ISSUE-145</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-activity"> ' +
+' An activity<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">activity(id, ' +
+' st, et, [ attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains: ' +
+' <ul> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>id</em>: an identifier identifying an activity; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>startTime</em>: an OPTIONAL time for the start of the activity; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>endTime</em>: an OPTIONAL time for the end of the activity; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs for this ' +
+' activity. ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' </ul> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' The following expression ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+'activity(a1,2011-11-16T16:05:00,2011-11-16T16:06:00, ' +
+' [ex:host="server.example.org",prov:type="ex:edit" %% xsd:QName]) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' states the existence of an activity with identifier <span class="name">a1</span>, ' +
+' start time <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:05:00</span>, and end time ' +
+' <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:06:00</span>, running on host <span class="name">server.example.org</span>, and of type <span class="name">edit</span>. ' +
+' The attribute <span class="name">host</span> is application specific ' +
+' (declared in some namespace with prefix <span class="name">ex</span>). ' +
+' The attribute <span class="name">type</span> is a reserved attribute of ' +
+' PROV-DM, allowing for sub-typing to be expressed. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-agent"> ' +
+' An agent<span class="withAsn">, noted <span class="name">agent(id, [ ' +
+' attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains: ' +
+' <ul> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>id</em>: an identifier identifying an agent; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>attributes</em>: a set of attribute-value pairs representing this ' +
+' agent\'s situation in the world. ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' </ul> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' The following expression is about an agent identified by <span class="name">e1</span>, which is a person, named Alice, with employee ' +
+' number 1234. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+'agent(e1, [ex:employee="1234", ex:name="Alice", prov:type="prov:Human" %% xsd:QName]) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' It is optional to specify the type of an agent. When present, it is ' +
+' expressed using the <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
+' Shouldn\'t we allow for entities (not agent) to be associated with an ' +
+' activity? Should we drop the inference association-agent? <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/203">ISSUE-203</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' The following note consists of a set of application-specific ' +
+' attribute-value pairs, intended to help the rendering of what it is ' +
+' associated with, by specifying its color and its position on the screen. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+'note(ex2:n1,[ex2:color="blue", ex2:screenX=20, ex2:screenY=30]) ' +
+'hasAnnotation(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex2:n1) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' The note is associated with the entity <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> ' +
+' previously introduced (<a title="annotation">hasAnnotation</a> is ' +
+' discussed in Section <a href="#term-annotation">Annotation</a>). The ' +
+' note\'s identifier and attributes are declares in a separate namespace ' +
+' denoted by prefix <span class="name">ex2</span>. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' Alternatively, a reputation service may enrich a provenance record with ' +
+' notes providing reputation ratings about agents. In the following ' +
+' fragment, both agents <span class="name">ex:Simon</span> and <span class="name">ex:Paolo</span> are rated "excellent". ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+'note(ex3:n2,[ex3:reputation="excellent"]) ' +
+'hasAnnotation(ex:Simon,ex3:n2) ' +
+'hasAnnotation(ex:Paolo,ex3:n2) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' The note\'s identifier and attributes are declares in a separate ' +
+' namespace denoted by prefix <span class="name">ex3</span>. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-generation"> ' +
+' <dfn title="dfn-Generation">Generation</dfn><span class="withAsn">, ' +
+' written <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id,e,a,t,attrs)</span> in ' +
+' PROV-ASN,</span> has the following components: ' +
+' <ul> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying a generation; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>entity</em>: an identifier identifying a created entity; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>activity</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the activity ' +
+' that creates the entity; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>time</em>: an OPTIONAL "generation time", the time at which the ' +
+' entity was completely created; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that ' +
+' describes the modalities of generation of this entity by this ' +
+' activity. ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' </ul> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' The following expressions ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+' wasGeneratedBy(e1,a1, 2001-10-26T21:32:52, [ex:port="p1", ex:order=1]) ' +
+' wasGeneratedBy(e2,a1, 2001-10-26T10:00:00, [ex:port="p1", ex:order=2]) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' state the existence of two generations (with respective times <span class="name">2001-10-26T21:32:52</span> and <span class="name">2001-10-26T10:00:00</span>), ' +
+' at which new entities, identified by <span class="name">e1</span> and ' +
+' <span class="name">e2</span>, are created by an activity, identified by ' +
+' <span class="name">a1</span>. The first one is available as the first ' +
+' value on port p1, whereas the other is the second value on port p1. The ' +
+' semantics of <span class="name">port</span> and <span class="name">order</span> ' +
+' are application specific. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' In some cases, we may want to record the time at which an entity was ' +
+' generated without having to specify the activity that generated it. To ' +
+' support this requirement, the activity component in generation is ' +
+' optional. Hence, the following expression indicates the time at which an ' +
+' entity is generated, without naming the activity that did it. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+' wasGeneratedBy(e,,2001-10-26T21:32:52) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-usage"> ' +
+' <dfn title="dfn-Usage">Usage</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">used(id,a,e,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> has the ' +
+' following constituents: ' +
+' <ul> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying a usage; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>activity</em>: an identifier for the consuming activity; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>entity</em>: an identifier for the consumed entity; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>time</em>: an OPTIONAL "usage time", the time at which the entity ' +
+' started to be used; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that ' +
+' describe the modalities of usage of this entity by this activity. ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' </ul> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' The following usages ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+' used(a1,e1,2011-11-16T16:00:00,[ex:parameter="p1"]) ' +
+' used(a1,e2,2011-11-16T16:00:01,[ex:parameter="p2"]) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' state that the activity identified by <span class="name">a1</span> ' +
+' consumed two entities identified by <span class="name">e1</span> and ' +
+' <span class="name">e2</span>, at times <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> ' +
+' and <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:01</span>, respectively; the ' +
+' first one was found as the value of parameter <span class="name">p1</span>, ' +
+' whereas the second was found as value of parameter <span class="name">p2</span>. ' +
+' The semantics of <span class="name">parameter</span> is application ' +
+' specific. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' </div><div class="note"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' A usage record\'s id is OPTIONAL. It MUST be present when annotating ' +
+' usage records (see Section <a href="#term-annotation">Annotation Record</a>) ' +
+' or when defining precise-1 derivations (see <a href="#Derivation-Relation">Derivation</a>). ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-activity-association"> ' +
+' An <dfn title="dfn-activity-association">activity association</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(id,a,ag,pl,attrs)</span> ' +
+' in PROV-ASN,</span> has the following constituents: ' +
+' <ul> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the association between an ' +
+' activity and an agent; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>activity</em>: an identifier for the activity; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>agent</em>: an identifier for the agent associated with the ' +
+' activity; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>plan</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the plan adopted by the ' +
+' agent in the context of this activity; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that ' +
+' describe the modalities of association of this activity with this ' +
+' agent. ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' </ul> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
+' In the following example, a designer and an operator agents are associated ' +
+' with an activity. The designer\'s goals are achieved by a workflow <span class="name">ex:wf</span>. ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+'activity(ex:a,[prov:type="workflow execution"]) ' +
+'agent(ex:ag1,[prov:type="operator"]) ' +
+'agent(ex:ag2,[prov:type="designer"]) ' +
+'wasAssociatedWith(ex:a,ex:ag1,[prov:role="loggedInUser", ex:how="webapp"]) ' +
+'wasAssociatedWith(ex:a,ex:ag2,ex:wf,[prov:role="designer", ex:context="project1"]) ' +
+'entity(ex:wf,[prov:type="prov:Plan"%% xsd:QName, ex:label="Workflow 1", ' +
+' ex:url="http://example.org/workflow1.bpel" %% xsd:anyURI]) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' Since the workflow <span class="name">ex:wf</span> is itself an entity, ' +
+' its provenance can also be expressed in PROV-DM: it can be generated by ' +
+' some activity and derived from other entities, for instance. ' +
+' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
+' The activity association record does not allow for a plan to be asserted ' +
+' without an agent. This seems over-restrictive. Discussed in the context of ' +
+' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/203">ISSUE-203</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
+' Agents should not be inferred. WasAssociatedWith should also work with ' +
+' entities. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/206">ISSUE-206</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' In the following example, ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+'wasStartedBy(a,ag,[ex:mode="manual"]) ' +
+'wasEndedby(a,ag,[ex:mode="manual"]) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' there is an activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> that was ' +
+' started and ended by an agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, ' +
+' in "manual" mode, an application specific characterization of these ' +
+' relations. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
+' Should we define start/end records as representation of activity start/end ' +
+' events. Should time be associated with these events rather than with ' +
+' activities. This will be similar to what we do for entities. This is issue ' +
+' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/207">ISSUE-207</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-responsibility-chain"> ' +
+' A <dfn title="dfn-responsibility-chain">responsibility chain</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(id,ag2,ag1,a,attrs)</span> ' +
+' in PROV-ASN,</span> has the following constituents: ' +
+' <ul> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the responsibility ' +
+' chain; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>subordinate</em>: an identifier for the agent associated with an ' +
+' activity, acting on behalf of the responsible agent; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>responsible</em>: an identifier for the agent, on behalf of which ' +
+' the subordinate agent acted; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>activity</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier of an activity for which the ' +
+' responsibility chain holds; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that ' +
+' describe the modalities of this relation. ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' </ul> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
+' In the following example, a programmer, a researcher and a funder agents ' +
+' are described. The programmer and researcher are associated with a ' +
+' workflow activity. The programmer acts on behalf of the researcher ' +
+' (delegation) encoding the commands specified by the researcher; the ' +
+' researcher acts on behalf of the funder, who has an contractual agreement ' +
+' with the researcher. The terms \'delegation\' and \'contact\' used in this ' +
+' example are domain specific. ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+'activity(a,[prov:type="workflow"]) ' +
+'agent(ag1,[prov:type="programmer"]) ' +
+'agent(ag2,[prov:type="researcher"]) ' +
+'agent(ag3,[prov:type="funder"]) ' +
+'wasAssociatedWith(a,ag1,[prov:role="loggedInUser"]) ' +
+'wasAssociatedWith(a,ag2) ' +
+'actedOnBehalfOf(ag1,ag2,a,[prov:type="delegation"]) ' +
+'actedOnBehalfOf(ag2,ag3,a,[prov:type="contract"]) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="note"> ' +
+' This text was not edited much. It keeps on referring to ' +
+' asserter/assertion. Before editing this section, we would like to have <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/249">ISSUE-249</a> ' +
+' resolved. ' +
+' </div><div class="attributes" id="attributes-derivation"> ' +
+' A <dfn>precise-1 derivation</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(id, e2, e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</span> in ' +
+' PROV-ASN,</span> contains: ' +
+' <ul> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the derivation; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>generatedEntity</em>: the identifier of the generation entity; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>usedEntity</em>: the identifier of the used entity; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>activity</em>: the identifier of the activity using and generating ' +
+' the above entities; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>generation</em>: the identifier the generation for the generated ' +
+' entity and activity; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>usage</em>: the identifier of the usage for the used entity and ' +
+' activity; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that ' +
+' describe the modalities of this derivation, optionally including the ' +
+' attribute-value pair <span class="name">prov:steps="single"</span>. ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' </ul> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' The following descriptions state the existence of derivations. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+'wasDerivedFrom(e5,e3,a4,g2,u2) ' +
+'wasDerivedFrom(e5,e3,a4,g2,u2,[prov:steps="single"]) ' +
+' ' +
+'wasDerivedFrom(e3,e2,[prov:steps="single"]) ' +
+' ' +
+'wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[]) ' +
+'wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:steps="any"]) ' +
+' ' +
+'wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,2012-01-18T16:00:00, [prov:steps="any"]) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' The first two are precise-1 derivations expressing that the activity ' +
+' identified by <span class="name">a4</span>, by using the entity denoted ' +
+' by <span class="name">e3</span> according to usage <span class="name">u2</span> ' +
+' derived the entity denoted by <span class="name">e5</span> and generated ' +
+' it according to generation <span class="name">g2</span>. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' The third line describes an imprecise-1 derivation, which is similar for ' +
+' <span class="name">e3</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, but it ' +
+' leaves the activity and associated attributes implicit. The fourth and ' +
+' fifth lines are about imprecise-n derivations between <span class="name">e2</span> ' +
+' and <span class="name">e1</span>, but no information is provided as to ' +
+' the number and identity of activities underpinning the derivation. The ' +
+' sixth derivation extends the fifth with the derivation time of <span class="name">e2</span>. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
+' Several points were raised about the attribute steps. Its name, its ' +
+' default value <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/180">ISSUE-180</a>. ' +
+' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/179">ISSUE-179</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
+' Emphasize the notion of \'affected by\' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/133">ISSUE-133</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
+' Is imprecise-1 derivation necessary? Can we just use precise-1 and ' +
+' imprecise-n? <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/249">ISSUE-249</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="anexample-alternate"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' The following expressions describe two persons, respectively holder of a ' +
+' Facebook account and a Twitter account, and their relation as alternate. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+'entity(facebook:ABC, [ prov:type="person with Facebook account " ]) ' +
+'entity(twitter:XYZ, [ prov:type="person with Twitter account" ]) ' +
+'alternateOf(facebook:ABC, twitter:XYZ) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="anexample-specialization"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' The following expressions describe two persons, the second of which is ' +
+' holder of a Twitter account. The second entity is a specialization of ' +
+' the first. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+'entity(ex:Bob, [ prov:type="person", ex:name="Bob" ]) ' +
+'entity(twitter:XYZ, [ prov:type="person with Twitter account" ]) ' +
+'specializationOf(twitter:XYZ, ex:Bob) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
+' A discussion on alternative definition of these relations has not yet ' +
+' reached a satisfactory conclusion. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/29">ISSUE-29</a>. Also <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/96">ISSUE-96</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="glossary" id="glossary-annotation"> ' +
+' An <dfn title="concept-annotation">annotation</dfn> is a link between ' +
+' something that is identifiable and a note referred to by its identifier. ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' The following expressions ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+'entity(e1,[prov:type="document"]) ' +
+'entity(e2,[prov:type="document"]) ' +
+'activity(a,t1,t2) ' +
+'used(u1,a,e1,[ex:file="stdin"]) ' +
+'wasGeneratedBy(e2, a, [ex:file="stdout"]) ' +
+' ' +
+'note(n1,[ex:icon="doc.png"]) ' +
+'hasAnnotation(e1,n1) ' +
+'hasAnnotation(e2,n1) ' +
+' ' +
+'note(n2,[ex:style="dotted"]) ' +
+'hasAnnotation(u1,n2) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' describe two documents (attribute-value pair: <span class="name">prov:type="document"</span>) ' +
+' identified by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, ' +
+' and their annotation with a note indicating that the icon (an ' +
+' application specific way of rendering provenance) is <span class="name">doc.png</span>. ' +
+' The example also includes an activity, its usage of the first entity, ' +
+' and its generation of the second entity. The <a title="dfn-usage">usage</a> ' +
+' is annotated with a style (an application specific way of rendering this ' +
+' edge graphically). To be able to express this annotation, the usage was ' +
+' provided with an identifier <span class="name">u1</span>, which was then ' +
+' referred to in <span class="name">hasAnnotation(u1,n2)</span>. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' The following activity start describes the role of the agent identified ' +
+' by <span class="name">ag</span> in this start relation with activity ' +
+' <span class="name">a</span>. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+' wasStartedBy(a,ag, [prov:role="program-operator"]) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' The following describes an agent of type software agent. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+' agent(ag, [prov:type="prov:ComputingSystem" %% xsd:QName]) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' The following expression declares an imprecise-1 derivation, which is ' +
+' known to involve one activity, though its identity, usage details of ' +
+' <span class="name">ex:e1</span>, and generation details of <span class="name">ex:e2</span> are not explicit. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+' wasDerivedFrom(ex:e2, ex:e1, [prov:steps="single"]) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
+' This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/219">ISSUE-219</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' The following expression describes entity Mona Lisa, a painting, with a ' +
+' location attribute. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+' entity(ex:MonaLisa, [prov:location="Le Louvres, Paris", prov:type="StillImage"]) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' </div><div class="note"> ' +
+' Usually, in programming languages, Literal are a notation for values. So, ' +
+' Literals should probably be moved to the serialization. Here, instead, we ' +
+' should define the types of values. Thoughts? ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' The following examples respectively are the string "abc", the string ' +
+' "abc", the integer number 1, and the IRI "http://example.org/foo". ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+' "abc" ' +
+' 1 ' +
+' "http://example.org/foo" %% xsd:anyURI ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' The following example shows a literal of type <span class="name">xsd:QName</span> ' +
+' (see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-2-20041028/#QName">QName</a> ' +
+' [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]]). The prefix <span class="name">ex</span> MUST be bound ' +
+' to a <a>namespace</a> declared in a <a>namespace declaration</a>. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+' "ex:value" %% xsd:QName ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' </div><div class="note"> ' +
+' It\'s a legacy of the charter that time is a top level section. Time is a ' +
+' specific kind of value, and should be folded into the "value" section. ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' Revisiting the example of <a href="#section-example-a">Section 3.1</a>, ' +
+' we can now state that the report <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> ' +
+' is a revision of the report <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</span>, ' +
+' approved by agent <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+'entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ]) ' +
+'entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ]) ' +
+'wasRevisionOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, w3:Consortium) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' Revisiting the example of <a href="#section-example-b">Section 3.2</a>, ' +
+' we can ascribe <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> to some ' +
+' agents without having to make an activity explicit. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+'agent(ex:Paolo, [ prov:type="Human" ]) ' +
+'agent(ex:Simon, [ prov:type="Human" ]) ' +
+'entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ]) ' +
+'wasAttributedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:Paolo, [prov:role="editor"]) ' +
+'wasAttributedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:Simon, [prov:role="contributor"]) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' Consider two long running services, which we represent by activities ' +
+' <span class="name">s1</span> and <span class="name">s2</span>. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+'activity(s1,,,[prov:type="service"]) ' +
+'activity(s2,,,[prov:type="service"]) ' +
+'wasInformedBy(s2,s1) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' The last line indicates that some entity was generated by <span class="name">s1</span> and used by <span class="name">s2</span>. ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' Suppose activities <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> ' +
+' are computer processes that are executed on different hosts, and that ' +
+' <span class="name">a1</span> started <span class="name">a2</span>. This ' +
+' can be expressed as in the following fragment: ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+'activity(a1,t1,t2,[ex:host="server1.example.org",prov:type="workflow"]) ' +
+'activity(a2,t3,t4,[ex:host="server2.example.org",prov:type="subworkflow"]) ' +
+'wasStartedBy(a2,a1) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' We refer to the example of <a href="#section-example-a">Section 3.1</a>, ' +
+' and specifically to <a href="#prov-tech-report">Figure prov-tech-report</a>. ' +
+' We can see that there is a path from <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> ' +
+' to <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span> or to <span class="name">pr:rec-advance</span>. ' +
+' This is expressed as follows. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+' tracedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,w3:Consortium) ' +
+' tracedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,pr:rec-advance) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' </div><div class="note"> ' +
+' I propose to delete the following, given that this document does not ' +
+' mention inferences. [LM] ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' Further considerations: ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' <ul> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' Traceability is more general than <a href="#Derivation-Relation">Derivation</a>. ' +
+' This means that an assertion of the form: <span class="name">tracedTo(...,e2,e1,...)</span> ' +
+' can be inferred from an assertion of the form: <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,..)</span>. ' +
+' The precise inference rules are specified in [REF]. ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' Traceability is related to responsibility by way of inference rules ' +
+' that involve <a href="#term-responsibility">responsibility chain</a> ' +
+' and <a href="#term-Generation">generation</a> relations. These rules ' +
+' are specified in [REF] ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' </ul> ' +
+' </div><div class="note"> ' +
+' looking at the definition, there is something wrong. It\'s not true that e2 ' +
+' was neceaary for e1 (in the transitive case) and that e1 bears ' +
+' responsibility. [LM] ' +
+' </div><div class="note"> ' +
+' I find that quotation is really a misnomer. This expands into derivation ' +
+' with attribution, in what sense is the derived entity a "quote" of the ' +
+' original? . The agent that is quoted is particularly obscure. It does not ' +
+' seem to be involved in the quoting at all. Why isn\'t quoting an activity ' +
+' with the quoting agent associated with it? [PM] ' +
+' </div><div class="note"> ' +
+' Omitted as this is likely to be removed [PM] ' +
+' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
+' Drop this relation <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/220">ISSUE-220</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="note"> ' +
+' I find this relation confusing. Please add an example. I wouldn\'t really ' +
+' know when to use this. [PM] ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+' entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection ' +
+' entity(v1) ' +
+' entity(v2) ' +
+' entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"]) ' +
+' entity(c2, [prov:type="Collection"]) ' +
+' ' +
+' CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, "k1", v1) // c1 = { ("k1",v1) } ' +
+' CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, "k2", v2) // c2 = { ("k1",v1), ("k2", v2) } ' +
+' CollectionAfterRemoval(c3, c2, k1) // c3 = { ("k2",v2) } ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' </div><div class="note"> ' +
+' I propose to call them afterInsertion instead of CollectionAfterInsertion ' +
+' (likewise, for deletion). What about attributes and optional Id? ' +
+' </div><div class="note"> ' +
+' Deleted further items. Some of them are constraints which belong to part ' +
+' 2. ' +
+' </div><div id="glossary_div" class="remove"> ' +
+' <!-- glossary loaded from glossary.js will be hooked up here, class ' +
+' remove, will remove this element from the final output. --> ' +
+' </div><div class="buttonpanel"> ' +
+' <form action="#"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' <input id="hide-bnf" onclick="set_display_by_class(\'div\',\'grammar\',\'none\'); set_display_by_id(\'hide-bnf\',\'none\'); set_display_by_id(\'show-bnf\',\'\');" type="button" value="Hide Grammar" /> <input id="show-bnf" onclick="set_display_by_class(\'div\',\'grammar\',\'\'); set_display_by_id(\'hide-bnf\',\'\'); set_display_by_id(\'show-bnf\',\'none\');" style="display: none" type="button" value="Show Grammar" /> <input id="hide-examples" onclick="set_display_by_class(\'div\',\'anexample\',\'none\'); set_display_by_id(\'hide-examples\',\'none\'); set_display_by_id(\'show-examples\',\'\');" type="button" value="Hide Examples" /> <input id="show-examples" onclick="set_display_by_class(\'div\',\'anexample\',\'\'); set_display_by_id(\'hide-examples\',\'\'); set_display_by_id(\'show-examples\',\'none\');" style="display: none" type="button" value="Show Examples" /> ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' </form> ' +
+' </div><div class="note"> ' +
+' TODO ' +
+' </div><div class="note"> ' +
+' Tentative definition of destruction! ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="a-report-example"> ' +
+' Different users may take different perspectives on a resource with a URL. ' +
+' For each perspective, an entity may be expressed: ' +
+' <ul> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' a report available at a URL: fixes the nature of the thing, i.e. a ' +
+' document, and its location; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' the version of the report available there today: fixes its version ' +
+' number, contents, and its date; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' the report independent of where it is hosted and of its content over ' +
+' time: fixes the nature of the thing as a conceptual artifact. ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' </ul> ' +
+' The provenance of these three entities may differ, and may be along the ' +
+' following lines: ' +
+' <ul> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' the provenance of a report available at a URL may include: the act of ' +
+' publishing it and making it available at a given location, possibly ' +
+' under some license and access control; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' the provenance of the version of the report available there today may ' +
+' include: the authorship of the specific content, and reference to ' +
+' imported content; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' the provenance of the report independent of where it is hosted over ' +
+' time may include: the motivation for writing the report, the overall ' +
+' methodology for producing it, and the broad team involved in it. ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' </ul> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
+' A file at some point during its lifecycle, which includes multiple edits ' +
+' by multiple people, can be described by its type, its location in the file ' +
+' system, a creator, and content. ' +
+' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
+' We need to refine the definition of entity and activity, and all the ' +
+' concepts in general. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/223">ISSUE-223</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="note"> ' +
+' The last point is important and needs to be discussed by the Working ' +
+' Group. It indicates that within an account: ' +
+' <ul> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' It is always possible to add new provenance descriptions, e.g. stating ' +
+' that a given entity was used by an activity. This is very much an open ' +
+' world assumption. ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' It is not permitted to add new attributes to a given entity (a form of ' +
+' closed world assumption from the attributes point of view), though it ' +
+' is always permitted to create a new description for an entity, which ' +
+' is a "copy" of the original description extended with novel attributes ' +
+' (cf Example <a href="#merge-with-rename">merge-with-rename</a>). ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' </ul> ' +
+' </div><div class="note"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' Overview the kind of constraints ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' <ul> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' Definitional constraints (<a href="#definitional-constraints">Section ' +
+' 4</a>) ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' Account constraints (<a href="#account-constraints">Section 5</a>) ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' Event ordering constraints (<a href="#interpretation">Section 6</a>) ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' Structural constraints (<a href="#structural-constraints">Section 7</a>) ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' Collection constraints (<a href="#collection-constraints">Section 8</a>) ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' </ul> ' +
+' </div><div class="note"> ' +
+' Proposing to remove the subsections in this section, since some have no ' +
+' constraints. ' +
+' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
+' There is still some confusion about what the identifiers really denote. ' +
+' For instance, are they entity identifiers or entity record identifiers. ' +
+' This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/183">ISSUE-183</a>. ' +
+' An example and questions appear in <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/215">ISSUE-215</a>. A ' +
+' related issued is also raised in <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/145">ISSUE-145</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
+' The characterization interval of an entity record is currently implicit. ' +
+' Making it explicit would allow us to define alternateOf and ' +
+' specializationOf more precisely. Beginning and end of characterization ' +
+' interval could be expressed by attributes (similarly to activities). How ' +
+' do we define the end of an entity? This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/204">ISSUE-204</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="interpretation-forward"> ' +
+' For the interpretation of an activity, see <a href="#start-precedes-end">start-precedes-end</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
+' Shouldn\'t we allow for entities (not agent) to be associated with an ' +
+' activity? Should we drop the inference association-agent? <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/203">ISSUE-203</a>. ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' One can assert an agent record or alternatively, one can infer an agent ' +
+' record by its association with an activity. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' <div class="inference" id="association-agent"> ' +
+' <span class="conditional">If</span> the records <span class="name">entity(e,attrs)</span> ' +
+' and <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span> hold for some ' +
+' identifiers <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span>, ' +
+' and attribute-values <span class="name">attrs</span>, then the record ' +
+' <span class="name">agent(e,attrs)</span> also holds. ' +
+' </div> ' +
+' </div><div class="inference" id="association-agent"> ' +
+' <span class="conditional">If</span> the records <span class="name">entity(e,attrs)</span> ' +
+' and <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span> hold for some ' +
+' identifiers <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span>, ' +
+' and attribute-values <span class="name">attrs</span>, then the record ' +
+' <span class="name">agent(e,attrs)</span> also holds. ' +
+' </div><div class="interpretation-forward"> ' +
+' For the interpretation of a generation, see <a href="#generation-within-activity">generation-within-activity</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="structural-forward"> ' +
+' See <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a> for a ' +
+' structural constraint on generations. ' +
+' </div><div class="interpretation-forward"> ' +
+' For the interpretation of a usage, see <a href="#generation-precedes-usage">generation-precedes-usage</a> ' +
+' and <a href="#usage-within-activity">usage-within-activity</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="interpretation-forward"> ' +
+' For the interpretation of an activity association, see <a href="#wasAssociatedWith-ordering">wasAssociatedWith-ordering</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
+' The activity association record does not allow for a plan to be asserted ' +
+' without an agent. This seems over-restrictive. Discussed in the context of ' +
+' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/203">ISSUE-203</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
+' Agents should not be inferred. WasAssociatedWith should also work with ' +
+' entities. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/206">ISSUE-206</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
+' Should we define start/end records as representation of activity start/end ' +
+' events. Should time be associated with these events rather than with ' +
+' activities. This will be similar to what we do for entities. This is issue ' +
+' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/207">ISSUE-207</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="inference" id="derivation-implications"> ' +
+' Given two entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> the assertion ' +
+' <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</span> holds ' +
+' for some generation identified by <span class="name">g2</span>, and usage ' +
+' identified by <span class="name">u1</span>, then <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:steps="single"] ' +
+' cup; attrs)</span> also holds.<br /> Given two entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> the assertion <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2, ' +
+' e1, [prov:steps="single"] cup; attrs)</span> holds, then <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,attrs)</span> also holds.<br /> ' +
+' </div><div class="interpretation-forward"> ' +
+' For the interpretation of a derivation, see <a href="#derivation-usage-generation-ordering">derivation-usage-generation-ordering</a> ' +
+' and <a href="#derivation-generation-generation-ordering">derivation-generation-generation-ordering</a> ' +
+' </div><div class="inference" id="activity-introduction"> ' +
+' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> ' +
+' holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> there exist an activity, with ' +
+' identifier <span class="name">a</span>, a usage identified by <span class="name">u</span>, and a generation identified by <span class="name">g</span> ' +
+' such that: ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+'activity(a,aAttrs) ' +
+'wasGeneratedBy(g,e2,a,gAttrs) ' +
+'used(u,a,e1,uAttrs) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' for sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">gAttrs</span>, <span class="name">uAttrs</span>, and <span class="name">aAttrs</span>. ' +
+' </div><div class="inference" id="derivation-time-elimination"> ' +
+' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,t,attrs)</span> ' +
+' holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> the following expressions ' +
+' also hold: <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,attrs)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,t)</span>. ' +
+' </div><div class="structural-forward"> ' +
+' See <a href="#derivation-use">derivation-use</a> for a structural ' +
+' constraint on derivations. ' +
+' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
+' Several points were raised about the attribute steps. Its name, its ' +
+' default value <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/180">ISSUE-180</a>. ' +
+' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/179">ISSUE-179</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
+' Emphasize the notion of \'affected by\' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/133">ISSUE-133</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
+' Simplify derivation <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/249">ISSUE-249</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="note"> ' +
+' In order to further convey the intended meaning, the following properties ' +
+' are associated to these two relations. ' +
+' <ul> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> is <strong>transitive</strong>: ' +
+' <span class="name">specializationOf(e3,e2)</span> and <span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> implies <span class="name">specializationOf(e3,e1)</span>. ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> is <strong>anti-symmetric</strong>: ' +
+' <span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> implies that <span class="name">specializationOf(e1,e2)</span> does not hold. ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <span class="name">alternateOf(e2,e1)</span> is <strong>symmetric</strong>: ' +
+' <span class="name">alternateOf(e2,e1)</span> implies <span class="name">alternateOf(e1,e2)</span>. ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' </ul> ' +
+' There are proposals to make alternateOf a transitive property. This is ' +
+' still under discussion and the default is for alternateOf <strong>not</strong> ' +
+' to be transitive, and this is what the current text reflects. ' +
+' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
+' A discussion on alternative definition of these relations has not reached ' +
+' a satisfactory conclusion yet. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/29">ISSUE-29</a>. Also <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/96">ISSUE-96</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="inference" id="traceability-inference"> ' +
+' Given two identifiers <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span> ' +
+' for entities, the following statements hold: ' +
+' <ol> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1)</span> ' +
+' holds, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">g2</span>, ' +
+' <span class="name">u1</span>, <span class="conditional">then</span> ' +
+' <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds. ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> ' +
+' holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> ' +
+' also holds. ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr) ' +
+' and wasAssociatedWith(a,e1)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span> ' +
+' and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, <span class="conditional">then</span> ' +
+' <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds. ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr)</span>, ' +
+' <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span> and <span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(e,e1)</span> ' +
+' hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span>, ' +
+' and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, <span class="conditional">then</span> ' +
+' <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds. ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr) ' +
+' and wasStartedBy(a,e1,sAttr)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, ' +
+' <span class="name">e</span>, and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, and ' +
+' <span class="name">sAttr</span>, <span class="conditional">then</span> ' +
+' <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds. ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e)</span> ' +
+' and <span class="name">tracedTo(e,e1)</span> hold for some <span class="name">e</span>, <span class="conditional">then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds. ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' </ol> ' +
+' </div><div class="constraint" id="traceability-assertion"> ' +
+' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(r2,r1,attrs)</span> ' +
+' holds for two identifiers <span class="name">r2</span> and <span class="name">r1</span> identifying entities, and attribute-value pairs ' +
+' <span class="name">attrs</span>, <span class="conditional">then</span> ' +
+' there exist <span class="name">e<sup>0</sup></span>, <span class="name">e<sup>1</sup></span>, ' +
+' ..., <span class="name">e<sup>n</sup></span> for <span class="name">nge;1</span>, ' +
+' with <span class="name">e<sup>0</sup></span>=<span class="name">r2</span> ' +
+' and <span class="name">e<sup>n</sup></span>=<span class="name">r1</span>, ' +
+' and for any i such that <span class="name">0le;ile;n-1</span>, at least ' +
+' of the following statements holds: ' +
+' <ul> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>,a,g2,u1)</span> ' +
+' holds, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">g2</span>, ' +
+' <span class="name">u1</span>, or ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span> ' +
+' holds, or ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <span class="name">wasBasedOn(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span> ' +
+' holds, or ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr) and ' +
+' wasAssociatedWith(a,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span> and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, or ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr)</span>, <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span> and <span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(e,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span> ' +
+' hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span> ' +
+' and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, or ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr) and ' +
+' wasStartedBy(a,e<sup>i+1</sup>,sAttr)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span>, and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, and <span class="name">sAttr</span>. ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' </ul> ' +
+' </div><div class="constraint" id="wasInformedBy-Definition"> ' +
+' Given two activities identified by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>, <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span> ' +
+' holds, <span class="conditional">if and only if</span> there is an entity ' +
+' with some identifier <span class="name">e</span> and some sets of ' +
+' attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs1</span> and <span class="name">attrs2</span>, such that <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a1,attrs1)</span> ' +
+' and <span class="name">used(a2,e,attrs2)</span> hold. ' +
+' </div><div class="interpretation-forward"> ' +
+' For the interpretation of an information flow ordering, see <a href="#wasInformedBy-ordering">wasInformedBy-ordering</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="constraint" id="wasStartedBy"> ' +
+' Given two activities with identifiers <span class="name">a1</span> and ' +
+' <span class="name">a2</span>, <span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,a1)</span> ' +
+' holds <span class="conditional">if and only if</span> there exist an ' +
+' entity with some identifier <span class="name">e</span> and some ' +
+' attributes <span class="name">gAttr</span> and <span class="name">sAttr</span>, ' +
+' such that <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a1,gAttr)</span> and <span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,e,sAttr)</span> hold. ' +
+' </div><div class="interpretation-forward"> ' +
+' For the interpretation of a control flow ordering, see <a href="#wasStartedBy-ordering">wasStartedBy-ordering</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="inference" id="wasRevision"> ' +
+' Given two identifiers <span class="name">old</span> and <span class="name">new</span> ' +
+' identifying two entities, and an identifier <span class="name">ag</span> ' +
+' identifying an agent, <span class="conditional">if</span> <span class="name">wasRevisionOf(new,old,ag)</span> holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> there exists an entity with some ' +
+' identifier <span class="name">e</span> and some attribute-values <span class="name">eAttrs</span>, <span class="name">dAttrs</span>, such that ' +
+' the following hold: ' +
+' <ul> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(new,old,dAttrs)</span>; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <span class="name">entity(e,eAttrs)</span>; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <span class="name">specializationOf(new,e)</span>; ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' <li> ' +
+' <span class="name">specializationOf(old,e)</span>. ' +
+' </li> ' +
+' </ul> ' +
+' The derivation may be imprecise-1 or imprecise-n. ' +
+' </div><div class="inference" id="attribution-implication"> ' +
+' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e,ag)</span> ' +
+' holds for some identifiers <span class="name">e</span> and <span class="name">ag</span>, <span class="conditional">then</span>, there ' +
+' exists an activity with some identifier <span class="name">a</span> such ' +
+' that the following statements hold: ' +
+'<pre xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+'activity(a,t1,t2,attr1) ' +
+'wasGenerateBy(e,a) ' +
+'wasAssociatedWith(a,ag,attr2) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' for some sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attr1</span> and ' +
+' <span class="name">attr2</span>, time <span class="name">t1</span>, and ' +
+' <span class="name">t2</span>. ' +
+' </div><div class="inference" id="quotation-implication"> ' +
+' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasQuotedFrom(e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</span> ' +
+' holds for some identifiers <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="name">e1</span>, ' +
+' <span class="name">ag2</span>, <span class="name">ag1</span>, <span class="conditional">then</span> the following hold: ' +
+'<pre xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+'wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1) ' +
+'wasAttributedTo(e2,ag2) ' +
+'wasAttributedTo(e1,ag1) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
+' Drop this relation <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/220">ISSUE-220</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="example-two-entities-one-id"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' Let us consider two descriptions of a same entity, which we have taken ' +
+' from two different contexts (see example). A working draft published by ' +
+' the <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>: ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+'entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ]) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' The second version of a document edited by some authors: ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+'entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ]) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' Both descriptions are about the same entity identified by <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>, but they contain different ' +
+' attributes, reflecting the context in which they occur. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' </div><div class="constraint" id="unique-description-in-account"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' Given an entity identifier <span class="name">e</span>, there is at most ' +
+' one description <span class="name">entity(e,av)</span> occurring in a ' +
+' given account, where <span class="name">av</span> is some set of ' +
+' attribute-values. Other descriptions of the same entity can exist in ' +
+' different accounts. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' This constraint similarly applies to all other types of identifiable ' +
+' entities and relations. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' </div><div class="structural-forward"> ' +
+' See Section <a href="#structural-constraints">structural-constraints</a> ' +
+' for a structural constraint on accounts ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="merge-with-rename"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' We now reconsider the same two descriptions of a same entity, but we ' +
+' change the identifier for one of them: ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+'entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ]) ' +
+'entity(ex:alternate-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ]) ' +
+'alternateOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex:alternate-20111215) ' +
+'alternateOf(ex:alternate-20111215,tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' </div><div class="interpretation" id="start-precedes-end"> ' +
+' The following ordering constraint holds for any activity: the <a title="activity start event">start event</a> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity end event">end event</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="interpretation" id="generation-precedes-usage"> ' +
+' For any entity, the following ordering constraint holds: the <a title="entity generation event">generation</a> of an entity always <a>precedes</a> ' +
+' any of its <a title="entity usage event">usages</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="interpretation" id="usage-within-activity"> ' +
+' Given an activity with identifier <span class="name">a</span>, an entity ' +
+' with identifier <span class="name">e</span>, a set of attribute-value ' +
+' pairs <span class="name">attrs</span>, and optional time <span class="name">t</span>, ' +
+' <span class="conditional">if</span> assertion <span class="name">used(a,e,attrs)</span> ' +
+' or <span class="name">used(a,e,attrs,t)</span> holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> the following ordering constraint holds: ' +
+' the <a title="entity usage event">usage</a> of the entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity end event">end</a> ' +
+' of activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> and <a>follows</a> its ' +
+' <a title="activity start event">start</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="interpretation" id="generation-within-activity"> ' +
+' Given an activity with identifier <span class="name">a</span>, an entity ' +
+' with identifier <span class="name">e</span>, a set of attribute-value ' +
+' pairs <span class="name">attrs</span>, and optional time <span class="name">t</span>, ' +
+' <span class="conditional">if</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a,attrs)</span> ' +
+' or <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a,attrs,t)</span> holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> the following ordering constraint also ' +
+' holds: the <a title="entity generation event">generation</a> of the entity ' +
+' denoted by <span class="name">e</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity end event">end</a> of activity <span class="name">a</span> ' +
+' and <a>follows</a> the <a title="activity start event">start</a> of <span class="name">a</span>. ' +
+' </div><div class="interpretation" id="derivation-usage-generation-ordering"> ' +
+' Given an activity with identifier <span class="name">a</span>, entities ' +
+' with identifier <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, ' +
+' a generation identified by <span class="name">g2</span>, and a usage ' +
+' identified by <span class="name">u1</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> ' +
+' <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1,attrs)</span> or <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:steps="single"] cup; attrs)</span> ' +
+' holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> the following ordering ' +
+' constraint holds: the <a title="entity usage event">usage</a> of entity ' +
+' denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="entity generation event">generation</a> of the entity denoted by ' +
+' <span class="name">e2</span>. ' +
+' </div><div class="interpretation" id="derivation-generation-generation-ordering"> ' +
+' Given two entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:steps="any"] cup; attrs)</span> ' +
+' holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> the following ordering ' +
+' constraint holds: the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> ' +
+' of the entity denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> <a>precedes</a> the ' +
+' <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> of the entity ' +
+' denoted by <span class="name">e2</span>. ' +
+' </div><div class="interpretation" id="wasInformedBy-ordering"> ' +
+' Given two activities denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span> holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> ' +
+' the following ordering constraint holds: the <a title="activity start event">start event</a> of the activity denoted by ' +
+' <span class="name">a1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity end event">end event</a> of the activity denoted by <span class="name">a2</span>. ' +
+' </div><div class="interpretation" id="wasStartedBy-ordering"> ' +
+' Given two activities denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> <span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,a1)</span> holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> ' +
+' the following ordering constraint holds: the <a title="activity start event">start</a> event of the activity denoted by ' +
+' <span class="name">a1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity start event">start event</a> of the activity denoted by ' +
+' <span class="name">a2</span>. ' +
+' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
+' In the following, we assume that we can talk about the end of an entity ' +
+' (or agent) For this, we use the term \'destruction\' This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/204">ISSUE-204</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="interpretation" id="wasStartedByAgent-ordering"> ' +
+' Given an activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> and an agent ' +
+' denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> ' +
+' <span class="name">wasStartedBy(a,ag)</span> holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> the following ordering constraints hold: ' +
+' the <a title="activity start event">start</a> event of the activity ' +
+' denoted by <span class="name">a</span> <a>follows</a> the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> for agent denoted by ' +
+' <span class="name">ag</span>, and <a>precedes</a> the destruction event of ' +
+' the same agent. ' +
+' </div><div class="interpretation" id="wasAssociatedWith-ordering"> ' +
+' Given an activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> and an agent ' +
+' denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> ' +
+' <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,ag)</span> holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> the following ordering constraints hold: ' +
+' the <a title="activity start event">start</a> event of the activity ' +
+' denoted by <span class="name">a</span> precedes the destruction event of ' +
+' the agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, and the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> for agent denoted by ' +
+' <span class="name">ag</span> <a>precedes</a> the activity <a title="activity end event">end</a> event. ' +
+' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
+' For completeness, we should define ordering constraint for ' +
+' wasAssociatedWith and actedOnBehalfOf. For wasAssociatedWith(a,ag), it ' +
+' feels that ag must have some overlap with a. For ' +
+' actedOnBehalfOf(ag1,ag2,a), it seem that ag2 should have existed before ' +
+' the overlap between ag1 and a. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/221">ISSUE-221</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="issue"> ' +
+' It is suggested that a stronger name for wasAssociatedWith should be ' +
+' adopted. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/182">ISSUE-182</a>. ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' In the following assertions, a workflow execution <span class="name">a0</span> ' +
+' consists of two sub-workflow executions <span class="name">a1</span> and ' +
+' <span class="name">a2</span>. Sub-workflow execution <span class="name">a2</span> ' +
+' generates entity <span class="name">e</span>, so does <span class="name">a0</span>. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+'activity(a0,,,[prov:type="workflow execution"]) ' +
+'activity(a1,,,[prov:type="workflow execution"]) ' +
+'activity(a2,,,[prov:type="workflow execution"]) ' +
+'wasInformedBy(a2,a1) ' +
+' ' +
+'wasGeneratedBy(e,a0) ' +
+'wasGeneratedBy(e,a2) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' So, we have two different <a title="generation">generations</a> for ' +
+' entity <span class="name">e</span>. Such an example is permitted in ' +
+' PROV-DM if the two activities denoted by <span class="name">a0</span> ' +
+' and <span class="name">a2</span> are a single thing happening in the ' +
+' world but described from different perspectives. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' The same example is now revisited, with the following assertions that ' +
+' are structurally well-formed. Two accounts are introduced, and there is ' +
+' a single generation for entity <span class="name">e</span> per account. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' In a first account, entitled "summary", we find: ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+' activity(a0,t1,t2,[prov:type="workflow execution"]) ' +
+' wasGeneratedBy(e,a0) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' In a second account, entitled "detail", we find: ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+' activity(a1,t1,t3,[prov:type="workflow execution"]) ' +
+' activity(a2,t3,t2,[prov:type="workflow execution"]) ' +
+' wasInformedBy(a2,a1) ' +
+' wasGeneratedBy(e,a2) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' </div><div class="constraint" id="generation-uniqueness"> ' +
+' Given an entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span>, two activities ' +
+' denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>, ' +
+' and two sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs1</span> and ' +
+' <span class="name">attrs2</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> ' +
+' <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id1,e,a1,attrs1)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id2,e,a2,attrs2)</span> exist in the scope of ' +
+' a given account, <span class="conditional">then</span> <span class="name">id1</span>=<span class="name">id2</span>, <span class="name">a1</span>=<span class="name">a2</span> ' +
+' and <span class="name">attrs1</span>=<span class="name">attrs2</span>. ' +
+' </div><div class="inference" id="derivation-use"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' Given an activity with identifier <span class="name">a</span>, entities ' +
+' denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, ' +
+' and a set of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs2</span>, ' +
+' <span class="conditional">if</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1, ' +
+' [prov:steps="single"])</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,attrs2)</span> ' +
+' hold, <span class="conditional">then</span> <span class="name">used(a,e1,attrs1)</span> ' +
+' also holds for some set of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs1</span>. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' </div><div class="note"> ' +
+' Can the semantics characterize better what can be achieved with ' +
+' structurally well-formed accounts? ' +
+' </div><div class="note" id="note-related-to-issue-105"> ' +
+' Satya discussed the example of a sculpture, whose hand and leg are ' +
+' sculpted independently by two different sculptors. He suggested that the ' +
+' sculpture is generated by two distinct activities. This section explains ' +
+' that it is not the case. The example can be formulated as follows. ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' <a href="examples/sculpture.prov-asn">Sculpture example in ASN</a> ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' <a href="examples/sculpture.png">Sculpture example image</a> ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' We see that ex:s_3 (the sculpture in its final state) was derived from ' +
+' ex:l_2 (containment) which was generated by ex:a2. However, ex:s_3 is ' +
+' not directly generated by ex:a2. We may want to consider an abbreviation ' +
+' for this: wasGeneratedBy*(ex:s_3,ex:a2). ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' </div><div class="note"> ' +
+' Raw material taken from prov-dm3. Some further text required. ' +
+' </div><div class="constraint" id="collection-parallel-insertions"> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' One can have multiple assertions regarding the state of a collection ' +
+' following a <em>set</em> of insertions, for example: ' +
+' </p> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+'CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, k1, v1) ' +
+'CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, k2, v2) ' +
+'... ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' This is interpreted as <em>" <span class="name">c2</span> is the state ' +
+' that results from inserting <span class="name">(k1, v1)</span>, <span class="name">(k2, v2)</span> etc. into <span class="name">c1</span>"</em> ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' </div><div class="note"> ' +
+' Shouldn\'t we have the same for deletion, and combination of insertion and ' +
+' deletion? ' +
+' </div><div class="constraint" id="collection-branching-derivations"> ' +
+' It is possible to have multiple derivations from a single root collection, ' +
+' as shown in the following example. ' +
+' <div class="anexample"> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+' entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection ' +
+' entity(v1) ' +
+' entity(v2) ' +
+' entity(v3) ' +
+' entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"]) ' +
+' entity(c2, [prov:type="Collection"]) ' +
+' entity(c3, [prov:type="Collection"]) ' +
+' ' +
+' CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 = { (k1,v1) } ' +
+' CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c, k2, v2) // c2 = { (k2 v2) } ' +
+' CollectionAfterInsertion(c3, c1, k3,v3) // c3 = { (k1,v1), (k3,v3) } ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' </div> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+' entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection ' +
+' entity(v1) ' +
+' entity(v2) ' +
+' entity(v3) ' +
+' entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"]) ' +
+' entity(c2, [prov:type="Collection"]) ' +
+' entity(c3, [prov:type="Collection"]) ' +
+' ' +
+' CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 = { (k1,v1) } ' +
+' CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c, k2, v2) // c2 = { (k2 v2) } ' +
+' CollectionAfterInsertion(c3, c1, k3,v3) // c3 = { (k1,v1), (k3,v3) } ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' </div><div class="constraint" id="collection-unique-ancestor"> ' +
+' Given the pair of assertions: ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+'CollectionAfterInsertion(c, c1, k1, v1) ' +
+'CollectionAfterInsertion(c, c2, k2, v2) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' it follows that <span class="name">c1==c2</span>. ' +
+' </div><div class="note"> ' +
+' Original text stated it follows that <span class="name">c1==c2, k1==k2, ' +
+' v1==v2</span>, because one cannot have two different derivations for the ' +
+' same final collection state. This is incompatible with parallel insertion ' +
+' constraint. ' +
+' </div><div class="note"> ' +
+' Shouldn\'t we have the same for deletion, and combination of insertion and ' +
+' deletion? ' +
+' </div><div class="constraint" id="collection-unique-value-for-key"> ' +
+' Given the following set of insertions: ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+'CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k, v1) ' +
+'CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k, v2) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' it follows that <span class="name">v1==v2</span>. ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+' entity(c, [prov:type="collection"]) // e is a collection, possibly not empty ' +
+' entity(v1) ' +
+' entity(v2, [prov:type="collection"]) // v2 is a collection ' +
+' ' +
+' CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 <em>includes</em> { (k1,v1) } but may contain additional unknown pairs ' +
+' CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, k2, v2) // c2 includes { (k1,v1), (k2 v2) } where v2 is a collection with unknown state ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> ' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> ' +
+' entity(c, [prov:type="emptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection ' +
+' entity(v1) ' +
+' entity(v2) ' +
+' ' +
+' CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 = { (k1,v1) } ' +
+' wasDerivedFrom(c2, c1) // the asserted knows that c2 is somehow derived from c1, but cannot assert the precise sequence of updates ' +
+' CollectionAfterInsertion(c3, c2, k2, v2) ' +
+'</pre> ' +
+' <p> ' +
+' Here <span class="name">c3</span> includes <span class="name">{ (k2 v2) ' +
+' }</span> but the earlier "gap" leaves uncertainty regarding <span class="name">(k1,v1)</span> (it may have been removed) or any other pair ' +
+' that may have been added as part of the derivation activities. ' +
+' </p> ' +
+' </div><div class="note"> ' +
+' Purely tentative ' +
+' </div><div class="note"> ' +
+' What is the meaning here? Is it any different? Are stating anything ' +
+' about newer version of tr:prov-dm that occur after ' +
+' 2011-12-15T12:00:00? ' +
+' </div><div class="note"> ' +
+' What is the meaning here? that only the version that was created by ' +
+' this event is attributed to ex:Simon, but not previous ones. This ' +
+' means that it is not specfied whether he was an author in anterior ' +
+' versions. ' +
+' </div><div class="note"> ' +
+' Speculative, since we have not defined the destruction event (yet?. ' +
+' What is the meaning here? that only the versions that existed during ' +
+' this characterization interval were attributed to ex:Simon. ' +
+' </div><span class="glossary" id="glossary-account"> An <dfn>account</dfn> is a ' +
+' named bundle of provenance descriptions. </span><span class="glossary" id="glossary-entity"> <dfn id="concept-accountEntity">AccountEntity</dfn> is the category of entities ' +
+' that are accounts, i.e. named bundles of provenance descriptions. </span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">entity(e,attrs)</span><span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">attrs</span><span class="name">agent(e,attrs)</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</span><span class="name">g2</span><span class="name">u1</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:steps="single"] ' +
+' cup; attrs)</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2, ' +
+' e1, [prov:steps="single"] cup; attrs)</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,attrs)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">u</span><span class="name">g</span><span class="name">gAttrs</span><span class="name">uAttrs</span><span class="name">aAttrs</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(g, ' +
+' e2, a, attrs2)</span><span class="name">used(u, a, e1, ' +
+' attrs1)</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">attrs1</span><span class="name">attrs2</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2, ' +
+' e1, a, g, u)</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,t,attrs)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,attrs)</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,t)</span><span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span><span class="name">specializationOf(e3,e2)</span><span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span><span class="name">specializationOf(e3,e1)</span><span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span><span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span><span class="name">specializationOf(e1,e2)</span><span class="name">alternateOf(e2,e1)</span><span class="name">alternateOf(e2,e1)</span><span class="name">alternateOf(e1,e2)</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">g2</span><span class="name">u1</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr) ' +
+' and wasAssociatedWith(a,e1)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">gAttr</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr)</span><span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span><span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(e,e1)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">gAttr</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr) ' +
+' and wasStartedBy(a,e1,sAttr)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">gAttr</span><span class="name">sAttr</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e)</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e,e1)</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">tracedTo(r2,r1,attrs)</span><span class="name">r2</span><span class="name">r1</span><span class="name">attrs</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">e<sup>0</sup></span><span class="name">e<sup>1</sup></span><span class="name">e<sup>n</sup></span><span class="name">nge;1</span><span class="name">e<sup>0</sup></span><span class="name">r2</span><span class="name">e<sup>n</sup></span><span class="name">r1</span><span class="name">0le;ile;n-1</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>,a,g2,u1)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">g2</span><span class="name">u1</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span><span class="name">wasBasedOn(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr) and ' +
+' wasAssociatedWith(a,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">gAttr</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr)</span><span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span><span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(e,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">gAttr</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr) and ' +
+' wasStartedBy(a,e<sup>i+1</sup>,sAttr)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">gAttr</span><span class="name">sAttr</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span><span class="conditional">if and only if</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">attrs1</span><span class="name">attrs2</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a1,attrs1)</span><span class="name">used(a2,e,attrs2)</span><span class="name">wasInformedBy</span><span class="name">wasInformedBy(a3,a1)</span><span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">wasInformedBy(a3,a2)</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a3</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">a3</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a3</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,a1)</span><span class="conditional">if and only if</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">gAttr</span><span class="name">sAttr</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a1,gAttr)</span><span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,e,sAttr)</span><span class="name">wasStartedBy</span><span class="name">wasStartedBy</span><span class="name">wasStartedBy</span><span class="name">old</span><span class="name">new</span><span class="name">ag</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasRevisionOf(new,old,ag)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">eAttrs</span><span class="name">dAttrs</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(new,old,dAttrs)</span><span class="name">entity(e,eAttrs)</span><span class="name">specializationOf(new,e)</span><span class="name">specializationOf(old,e)</span><span class="name">wasRevisionOf</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e,ag)</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">ag</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">attr1</span><span class="name">attr2</span><span class="name">t1</span><span class="name">t2</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasQuotedFrom(e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">ag2</span><span class="name">ag1</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">w3:Consortium</span><span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">entity(e,av)</span><span class="name">av</span><span class="name">alternateOf</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">attrs</span><span class="name">t</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">used(a,e,attrs)</span><span class="name">used(a,e,attrs,t)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">attrs</span><span class="name">t</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a,attrs)</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a,attrs,t)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">g2</span><span class="name">u1</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1,attrs)</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:steps="single"] cup; attrs)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:steps="any"] cup; attrs)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,a1)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">ag</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasStartedBy(a,ag)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">ag</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">ag</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,ag)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">ag</span><span class="name">ag</span><span class="name">g1</span><span class="name">g2</span><span class="name">a0</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">a0</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">a0</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">attrs1</span><span class="name">attrs2</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id1,e,a1,attrs1)</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id2,e,a2,attrs2)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">id1</span><span class="name">id2</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">attrs1</span><span class="name">attrs2</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">attrs2</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1, ' +
+' [prov:steps="single"])</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,attrs2)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">used(a,e1,attrs1)</span><span class="name">attrs1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span><span class="name">used(a,e1)</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,attrs2)</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">c2</span><span class="name">(k1, v1)</span><span class="name">(k2, v2)</span><span class="name">c1</span><span class="name">c1==c2</span><span class="name">c1==c2, k1==k2, ' +
+' v1==v2</span><span class="name">v1==v2</span><span class="name">c2</span><span class="name">c3</span><span class="name">{ (k2 v2) ' +
+' }</span><span class="name">(k1,v1)</span><span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span><span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span><span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span><span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</span><span class="name">w3:Consortium</span><span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span><span class="name">w3:Consortium</span><span class="name">ex:acc1</span><span class="name">ex:acc1</span><span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span><span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span></html> ' +
+' ' ;
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/old/commonRelations.svg Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
+<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
+<svg height="286" version="1.1" width="1157" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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+<rect fill="none" height="71" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="94" x="211" y="128"/>
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+Activity</text>
+<rect fill="#000000" height="1" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="94" x="211" y="152"/>
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+<rect fill="none" height="68" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="174" x="515" y="128"/>
+<text font-family="Lucida Grande" font-size="13" x="583" y="142">
+Agent</text>
+<rect fill="#000000" height="1" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="174" x="515" y="152"/>
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+<rect fill="none" height="72" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="142" x="867" y="136"/>
+<text font-family="Lucida Grande" font-size="13" x="920" y="150">
+Entity</text>
+<rect fill="#000000" height="1" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="142" x="867" y="160"/>
+<rect fill="#000000" height="1" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1" width="142" x="867" y="183"/>
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+<text font-family="Lucida Grande" font-size="13" x="696" y="161">
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+wasInformedBy</text>
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+<text font-family="Lucida Grande" font-size="13" x="15" y="77">
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+<text font-family="Lucida Grande" font-size="13" x="1010" y="29">
+wasQuotedFrom</text>
+</svg>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/old/examples/w3c-publication1.dot Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+digraph OPMGraph { rankdir="BT";
+pub1 [label="pub1",shape="polygon",sides="4"]
+ann0 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD align="left">type:</TD>
+ <TD align="left">publish</TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>>
+,shape="note"]
+ann0 -> pub1 [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
+pub2 [label="pub2",shape="polygon",sides="4"]
+ann1 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD align="left">type:</TD>
+ <TD align="left">publish</TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>>
+,shape="note"]
+ann1 -> pub2 [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
+WD_prov_dm_20111018 [label="WD-prov-dm-20111018"]
+ann2 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD align="left">type:</TD>
+ <TD align="left">RecsWD</TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>>
+,shape="note"]
+ann2 -> WD_prov_dm_20111018 [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
+WD_prov_dm_20111215 [label="WD-prov-dm-20111215"]
+ann3 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD align="left">type:</TD>
+ <TD align="left">RecsWD</TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>>
+,shape="note"]
+ann3 -> WD_prov_dm_20111215 [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
+rec_advance [label="rec-advance"]
+ann4 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD align="left">type:</TD>
+ <TD align="left">Plan</TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>>
+,shape="note"]
+ann4 -> rec_advance [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
+0004 [label="0004"]
+ann5 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD align="left">type:</TD>
+ <TD align="left">transreq</TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>>
+,shape="note"]
+ann5 -> 0004 [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
+0141 [label="0141"]
+ann6 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD align="left">type:</TD>
+ <TD align="left">pubreq</TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>>
+,shape="note"]
+ann6 -> 0141 [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
+0111 [label="0111"]
+ann7 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD align="left">type:</TD>
+ <TD align="left">pubreq</TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>>
+,shape="note"]
+ann7 -> 0111 [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
+Consortium [label="Consortium",shape="polygon",sides="8"]
+ann8 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD align="left">type:</TD>
+ <TD align="left">Organization</TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>>
+,shape="note"]
+ann8 -> Consortium [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
+WD_prov_dm_20111215 -> WD_prov_dm_20111018 []
+WD_prov_dm_20111018 -> pub1 []
+WD_prov_dm_20111215 -> pub2 []
+pub1 -> 0004 []
+pub1 -> 0141 []
+pub2 -> 0111 []
+pub1 -> Consortium []
+pub1 -> rec_advance []
+pub2 -> Consortium []
+pub2 -> rec_advance []
+}
Binary file model/working-copy/old/examples/w3c-publication1.pdf has changed
Binary file model/working-copy/old/examples/w3c-publication1.png has changed
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/old/examples/w3c-publication1.prov-asn Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+
+
+container
+
+prefix ex </http://example.org/>
+
+prefix w3 <http://www.w3.org/>
+prefix tr <http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/>
+prefix pr <http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#>
+
+prefix ar1 <https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/chairs/2011OctDec/>
+prefix ar2 <https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/2011Oct/>
+prefix ar3 <https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/2011Dec/>
+
+
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+entity(pr:rec-advance, [ prov:type="prov:Plan" %% xsd:QName ])
+
+
+entity(ar1:0004, [ prov:type="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#transreq" %% xsd:anyURI ])
+entity(ar2:0141, [ prov:type="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq" %% xsd:anyURI ])
+entity(ar3:0111, [ prov:type="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq" %% xsd:anyURI ])
+
+
+wasDerivedFrom(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018)
+
+
+activity(ex:pub1,,,[prov:type="publish"])
+activity(ex:pub2,,,[prov:type="publish"])
+
+
+wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, ex:pub1)
+wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:pub2)
+
+used(ex:pub1,ar1:0004)
+used(ex:pub1,ar2:0141)
+used(ex:pub2,ar3:0111)
+
+agent(w3:Consortium, [ prov:type="Organization" ])
+
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:pub1, w3:Consortium @ pr:rec-advance)
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:pub2, w3:Consortium @ pr:rec-advance)
+
+
+
+endContainer
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/old/examples/w3c-publication1.prov-xml Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
+<prov:container xmlns:prov="http://openprovenance.org/prov-xml#" xmlns:pr="http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#" xmlns:ar3="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/2011Dec/" xmlns:ar2="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/2011Oct/" xmlns:ar1="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/chairs/2011OctDec/" xmlns:w3="http://www.w3.org/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ex="/http://example.org/" xmlns:tr="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
+ <prov:records>
+ <prov:activity prov:id="ex:pub1">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">publish</prov:type>
+ </prov:activity>
+ <prov:activity prov:id="ex:pub2">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">publish</prov:type>
+ </prov:activity>
+ <prov:entity prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">pr:RecsWD</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity>
+ <prov:entity prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">pr:RecsWD</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity>
+ <prov:entity prov:id="pr:rec-advance">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">prov:Plan</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity>
+ <prov:entity prov:id="ar1:0004">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:anyURI">http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#transreq</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity>
+ <prov:entity prov:id="ar2:0141">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:anyURI">http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity>
+ <prov:entity prov:id="ar3:0111">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:anyURI">http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity>
+ <prov:agent prov:id="w3:Consortium">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">Organization</prov:type>
+ </prov:agent>
+ <prov:dependencies>
+ <prov:wasDerivedFrom>
+ <prov:effect prov:ref="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215"/>
+ <prov:cause prov:ref="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018"/>
+ </prov:wasDerivedFrom>
+ <prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018"/>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:pub1"/>
+ </prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+ <prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215"/>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:pub2"/>
+ </prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+ <prov:used>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:pub1"/>
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="ar1:0004"/>
+ </prov:used>
+ <prov:used>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:pub1"/>
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="ar2:0141"/>
+ </prov:used>
+ <prov:used>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:pub2"/>
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="ar3:0111"/>
+ </prov:used>
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:pub1"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="w3:Consortium"/>
+ <prov:plan prov:ref="pr:rec-advance"/>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:pub2"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="w3:Consortium"/>
+ <prov:plan prov:ref="pr:rec-advance"/>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ </prov:dependencies>
+ </prov:records>
+</prov:container>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/old/examples/w3c-publication1.svg Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
+<!-- Generated by graphviz version 2.26.3 (20100126.1600)
+ -->
+<!-- Title: OPMGraph Pages: 1 -->
+<svg width="702pt" height="332pt"
+ viewBox="0.00 0.00 702.00 332.00" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
+<g id="graph1" class="graph" transform="scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 328)">
+<title>OPMGraph</title>
+<polygon fill="white" stroke="white" points="-4,5 -4,-328 699,-328 699,5 -4,5"/>
+<!-- pub1 -->
+<g id="node1" class="node"><title>pub1</title>
+<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="472,-252 418,-252 418,-216 472,-216 472,-252"/>
+<text text-anchor="middle" x="445" y="-228.9" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">pub1</text>
+</g>
+<!-- rec_advance -->
+<g id="node13" class="node"><title>rec_advance</title>
+<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="369" cy="-306" rx="55.895" ry="18"/>
+<text text-anchor="middle" x="369" y="-300.9" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">rec-advance</text>
+</g>
+<!-- pub1->rec_advance -->
+<g id="edge34" class="edge"><title>pub1->rec_advance</title>
+<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M425.822,-252.169C416.361,-261.132 404.817,-272.068 394.612,-281.736"/>
+<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="391.978,-279.41 387.125,-288.829 396.792,-284.492 391.978,-279.41"/>
+</g>
+<!-- 0004 -->
+<g id="node16" class="node"><title>0004</title>
+<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="509" cy="-306" rx="30.0465" ry="18"/>
+<text text-anchor="middle" x="509" y="-300.9" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">0004</text>
+</g>
+<!-- pub1->0004 -->
+<g id="edge26" class="edge"><title>pub1->0004</title>
+<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M461.15,-252.169C469.331,-261.373 479.362,-272.657 488.122,-282.513"/>
+<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="485.557,-284.894 494.816,-290.043 490.788,-280.244 485.557,-284.894"/>
+</g>
+<!-- 0141 -->
+<g id="node19" class="node"><title>0141</title>
+<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="621" cy="-306" rx="29.8973" ry="18"/>
+<text text-anchor="middle" x="621" y="-300.9" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">0141</text>
+</g>
+<!-- pub1->0141 -->
+<g id="edge28" class="edge"><title>pub1->0141</title>
+<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M472.389,-248.032C475.278,-249.411 478.187,-250.758 481,-252 515.96,-267.44 556.827,-282.917 585.35,-293.319"/>
+<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="584.301,-296.661 594.895,-296.778 586.686,-290.08 584.301,-296.661"/>
+</g>
+<!-- Consortium -->
+<g id="node25" class="node"><title>Consortium</title>
+<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="295.093,-298.544 295.093,-313.456 260.477,-324 211.523,-324 176.907,-313.456 176.907,-298.544 211.523,-288 260.477,-288 295.093,-298.544"/>
+<text text-anchor="middle" x="236" y="-300.9" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Consortium</text>
+</g>
+<!-- pub1->Consortium -->
+<g id="edge32" class="edge"><title>pub1->Consortium</title>
+<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M417.692,-248.223C414.787,-249.565 411.852,-250.851 409,-252 370.221,-267.629 325.087,-281.582 290.645,-291.388"/>
+<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="289.451,-288.089 280.774,-294.169 291.349,-294.826 289.451,-288.089"/>
+</g>
+<!-- ann0 -->
+<g id="node2" class="node"><title>ann0</title>
+<polygon fill="none" stroke="gray" points="540,-180 454,-180 454,-144 546,-144 546,-174 540,-180"/>
+<polyline fill="none" stroke="gray" points="540,-180 540,-174 "/>
+<polyline fill="none" stroke="gray" points="546,-174 540,-174 "/>
+<text text-anchor="start" x="464" y="-158.233" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">type:</text>
+<text text-anchor="start" x="495" y="-158.233" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">publish</text>
+</g>
+<!-- ann0->pub1 -->
+<g id="edge2" class="edge"><title>ann0->pub1</title>
+<path fill="none" stroke="gray" stroke-dasharray="5,2" d="M486.121,-180.169C477.847,-191 467.372,-204.712 459.066,-215.587"/>
+</g>
+<!-- pub2 -->
+<g id="node4" class="node"><title>pub2</title>
+<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="162,-252 108,-252 108,-216 162,-216 162,-252"/>
+<text text-anchor="middle" x="135" y="-228.9" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">pub2</text>
+</g>
+<!-- pub2->rec_advance -->
+<g id="edge38" class="edge"><title>pub2->rec_advance</title>
+<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M162.264,-248.336C165.178,-249.655 168.127,-250.905 171,-252 228.226,-273.801 244.936,-271.828 304,-288 308.066,-289.113 312.273,-290.269 316.503,-291.434"/>
+<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="315.783,-294.866 326.354,-294.152 317.645,-288.118 315.783,-294.866"/>
+</g>
+<!-- 0111 -->
+<g id="node22" class="node"><title>0111</title>
+<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="92" cy="-306" rx="28.0958" ry="18"/>
+<text text-anchor="middle" x="92" y="-300.9" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">0111</text>
+</g>
+<!-- pub2->0111 -->
+<g id="edge30" class="edge"><title>pub2->0111</title>
+<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M124.149,-252.169C119.074,-260.667 112.939,-270.939 107.395,-280.222"/>
+<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="104.231,-278.694 102.109,-289.074 110.241,-282.283 104.231,-278.694"/>
+</g>
+<!-- pub2->Consortium -->
+<g id="edge36" class="edge"><title>pub2->Consortium</title>
+<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M160.487,-252.169C173.263,-261.276 188.896,-272.421 202.618,-282.203"/>
+<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="200.697,-285.132 210.871,-288.087 204.76,-279.432 200.697,-285.132"/>
+</g>
+<!-- ann1 -->
+<g id="node5" class="node"><title>ann1</title>
+<polygon fill="none" stroke="gray" points="212,-180 126,-180 126,-144 218,-144 218,-174 212,-180"/>
+<polyline fill="none" stroke="gray" points="212,-180 212,-174 "/>
+<polyline fill="none" stroke="gray" points="218,-174 212,-174 "/>
+<text text-anchor="start" x="136" y="-158.233" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">type:</text>
+<text text-anchor="start" x="167" y="-158.233" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">publish</text>
+</g>
+<!-- ann1->pub2 -->
+<g id="edge4" class="edge"><title>ann1->pub2</title>
+<path fill="none" stroke="gray" stroke-dasharray="5,2" d="M162.663,-180.169C157.097,-191 150.051,-204.712 144.462,-215.587"/>
+</g>
+<!-- WD_prov_dm_20111018 -->
+<g id="node7" class="node"><title>WD_prov_dm_20111018</title>
+<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="336" cy="-162" rx="100.24" ry="18"/>
+<text text-anchor="middle" x="336" y="-156.9" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">WD-prov-dm-20111018</text>
+</g>
+<!-- WD_prov_dm_20111018->pub1 -->
+<g id="edge22" class="edge"><title>WD_prov_dm_20111018->pub1</title>
+<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M362.386,-179.429C376.396,-188.683 393.819,-200.192 409.048,-210.252"/>
+<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="407.446,-213.388 417.719,-215.979 411.304,-207.547 407.446,-213.388"/>
+</g>
+<!-- ann2 -->
+<g id="node8" class="node"><title>ann2</title>
+<polygon fill="none" stroke="gray" points="381,-108 285,-108 285,-72 387,-72 387,-102 381,-108"/>
+<polyline fill="none" stroke="gray" points="381,-108 381,-102 "/>
+<polyline fill="none" stroke="gray" points="387,-102 381,-102 "/>
+<text text-anchor="start" x="295" y="-86.2333" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">type:</text>
+<text text-anchor="start" x="326" y="-86.2333" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">RecsWD</text>
+</g>
+<!-- ann2->WD_prov_dm_20111018 -->
+<g id="edge6" class="edge"><title>ann2->WD_prov_dm_20111018</title>
+<path fill="none" stroke="gray" stroke-dasharray="5,2" d="M336,-108.169C336,-119 336,-132.712 336,-143.587"/>
+</g>
+<!-- WD_prov_dm_20111215 -->
+<g id="node10" class="node"><title>WD_prov_dm_20111215</title>
+<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="133" cy="-90" rx="100.24" ry="18"/>
+<text text-anchor="middle" x="133" y="-84.9" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">WD-prov-dm-20111215</text>
+</g>
+<!-- WD_prov_dm_20111215->pub2 -->
+<g id="edge24" class="edge"><title>WD_prov_dm_20111215->pub2</title>
+<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M126.181,-108.2C122.672,-118.536 118.768,-131.807 117,-144 114.704,-159.834 114.437,-164.207 117,-180 118.418,-188.738 121.048,-197.973 123.867,-206.286"/>
+<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="120.642,-207.66 127.332,-215.876 127.225,-205.281 120.642,-207.66"/>
+</g>
+<!-- WD_prov_dm_20111215->WD_prov_dm_20111018 -->
+<g id="edge20" class="edge"><title>WD_prov_dm_20111215->WD_prov_dm_20111018</title>
+<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M178.304,-106.069C208.591,-116.811 248.626,-131.01 280.778,-142.414"/>
+<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="279.889,-145.812 290.483,-145.856 282.229,-139.215 279.889,-145.812"/>
+</g>
+<!-- ann3 -->
+<g id="node11" class="node"><title>ann3</title>
+<polygon fill="none" stroke="gray" points="178,-36 82,-36 82,-1.77636e-14 184,-3.55271e-15 184,-30 178,-36"/>
+<polyline fill="none" stroke="gray" points="178,-36 178,-30 "/>
+<polyline fill="none" stroke="gray" points="184,-30 178,-30 "/>
+<text text-anchor="start" x="92" y="-14.2333" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">type:</text>
+<text text-anchor="start" x="123" y="-14.2333" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">RecsWD</text>
+</g>
+<!-- ann3->WD_prov_dm_20111215 -->
+<g id="edge8" class="edge"><title>ann3->WD_prov_dm_20111215</title>
+<path fill="none" stroke="gray" stroke-dasharray="5,2" d="M133,-36.1686C133,-47 133,-60.7124 133,-71.5867"/>
+</g>
+<!-- ann4 -->
+<g id="node14" class="node"><title>ann4</title>
+<polygon fill="none" stroke="gray" points="394,-252 324,-252 324,-216 400,-216 400,-246 394,-252"/>
+<polyline fill="none" stroke="gray" points="394,-252 394,-246 "/>
+<polyline fill="none" stroke="gray" points="400,-246 394,-246 "/>
+<text text-anchor="start" x="334" y="-230.233" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">type:</text>
+<text text-anchor="start" x="365" y="-230.233" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Plan</text>
+</g>
+<!-- ann4->rec_advance -->
+<g id="edge10" class="edge"><title>ann4->rec_advance</title>
+<path fill="none" stroke="gray" stroke-dasharray="5,2" d="M363.766,-252.169C364.819,-263 366.153,-276.712 367.21,-287.587"/>
+</g>
+<!-- ann5 -->
+<g id="node17" class="node"><title>ann5</title>
+<polygon fill="none" stroke="gray" points="580,-252 490,-252 490,-216 586,-216 586,-246 580,-252"/>
+<polyline fill="none" stroke="gray" points="580,-252 580,-246 "/>
+<polyline fill="none" stroke="gray" points="586,-246 580,-246 "/>
+<text text-anchor="start" x="500" y="-230.233" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">type:</text>
+<text text-anchor="start" x="531" y="-230.233" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">transreq</text>
+</g>
+<!-- ann5->0004 -->
+<g id="edge12" class="edge"><title>ann5->0004</title>
+<path fill="none" stroke="gray" stroke-dasharray="5,2" d="M530.682,-252.169C526.252,-263.167 520.626,-277.135 516.215,-288.087"/>
+</g>
+<!-- ann6 -->
+<g id="node20" class="node"><title>ann6</title>
+<polygon fill="none" stroke="gray" points="688,-252 604,-252 604,-216 694,-216 694,-246 688,-252"/>
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+<text text-anchor="start" x="614" y="-230.233" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">type:</text>
+<text text-anchor="start" x="645" y="-230.233" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">pubreq</text>
+</g>
+<!-- ann6->0141 -->
+<g id="edge14" class="edge"><title>ann6->0141</title>
+<path fill="none" stroke="gray" stroke-dasharray="5,2" d="M641.934,-252.169C637.657,-263.167 632.225,-277.135 627.966,-288.087"/>
+</g>
+<!-- ann7 -->
+<g id="node23" class="node"><title>ann7</title>
+<polygon fill="none" stroke="gray" points="84,-252 3.55271e-14,-252 0,-216 90,-216 90,-246 84,-252"/>
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+<text text-anchor="start" x="41" y="-230.233" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">pubreq</text>
+</g>
+<!-- ann7->0111 -->
+<g id="edge16" class="edge"><title>ann7->0111</title>
+<path fill="none" stroke="gray" stroke-dasharray="5,2" d="M56.8601,-252.169C64.2569,-263.5 73.712,-277.984 80.9509,-289.074"/>
+</g>
+<!-- ann8 -->
+<g id="node26" class="node"><title>ann8</title>
+<polygon fill="none" stroke="gray" points="300,-252 180,-252 180,-216 306,-216 306,-246 300,-252"/>
+<polyline fill="none" stroke="gray" points="300,-252 300,-246 "/>
+<polyline fill="none" stroke="gray" points="306,-246 300,-246 "/>
+<text text-anchor="start" x="190" y="-230.233" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">type:</text>
+<text text-anchor="start" x="221" y="-230.233" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Organization</text>
+</g>
+<!-- ann8->Consortium -->
+<g id="edge18" class="edge"><title>ann8->Consortium</title>
+<path fill="none" stroke="gray" stroke-dasharray="5,2" d="M241.234,-252.169C240.181,-263 238.847,-276.712 237.79,-287.587"/>
+</g>
+</g>
+</svg>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/old/examples/w3c-publication1/index.html Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+
+
+container
+
+prefix ex </http://example.org/>
+
+prefix w3 <http://www.w3.org/>
+prefix tr <http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/>
+prefix pr <http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#>
+
+prefix ar1 <https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/chairs/2011OctDec/>
+prefix ar2 <https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/2011Oct/>
+prefix ar3 <https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/2011Dec/>
+
+
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+entity(pr:rec-advance, [ prov:type="prov:Plan" %% xsd:QName ])
+
+
+entity(ar1:0004, [ prov:type="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#transreq" %% xsd:anyURI ])
+entity(ar2:0141, [ prov:type="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq" %% xsd:anyURI ])
+entity(ar3:0111, [ prov:type="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq" %% xsd:anyURI ])
+
+
+wasDerivedFrom(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018)
+
+
+activity(ex:pub1,,,[prov:type="publish"])
+activity(ex:pub2,,,[prov:type="publish"])
+
+
+wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, ex:pub1)
+wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:pub2)
+
+used(ex:pub1,ar1:0004)
+used(ex:pub1,ar2:0141)
+used(ex:pub2,ar3:0111)
+
+agent(w3:Consortium, [ prov:type="Organization" ])
+
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:pub1, w3:Consortium @ pr:rec-advance)
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:pub2, w3:Consortium @ pr:rec-advance)
+
+
+
+endContainer
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/old/examples/w3c-publication2.dot Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+digraph OPMGraph { rankdir="BT";
+rcp [label="rcp",shape="polygon",sides="4"]
+ann9 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD align="left">type:</TD>
+ <TD align="left">copy directory</TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>>
+,shape="note"]
+ann9 -> rcp [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
+Overview_html [label="Overview.html"]
+ann10 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD align="left">type:</TD>
+ <TD align="left">file in hg</TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>>
+,shape="note"]
+ann10 -> Overview_html [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
+WD_prov_dm_20111215 [label="WD-prov-dm-20111215"]
+ann11 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD align="left">type:</TD>
+ <TD align="left">html4</TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>>
+,shape="note"]
+ann11 -> WD_prov_dm_20111215 [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
+req3 [label="req3"]
+ann12 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD align="left">type:</TD>
+ <TD align="left">pubreq</TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>>
+,shape="note"]
+ann12 -> req3 [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
+webmaster [label="webmaster",shape="polygon",sides="8"]
+ann13 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD align="left">type:</TD>
+ <TD align="left">Person</TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>>
+,shape="note"]
+ann13 -> webmaster [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
+WD_prov_dm_20111215 -> rcp []
+rcp -> Overview_html []
+rcp -> req3 []
+WD_prov_dm_20111215 -> Overview_html []
+rcp -> webmaster []
+}
Binary file model/working-copy/old/examples/w3c-publication2.pdf has changed
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/old/examples/w3c-publication2.prov-asn Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+
+
+container
+
+prefix ex <http://example.org/>
+prefix rec <http://example.org/record>
+
+prefix w3 <http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/>
+prefix hg <http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/9628aaff6e20/model/releases/WD-prov-dm-20111215/>
+prefix process <http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#>
+
+
+
+entity(hg:Overview.html, [ prov:type="file in hg" ])
+
+entity(w3:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="html4" ])
+
+
+
+
+
+
+activity(ex:rcp,,,[prov:type="copy directory"])
+
+
+wasGeneratedBy(rec:g,w3:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:rcp)
+
+entity(ex:req3, [ prov:type="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq" %% xsd:anyURI ])
+
+used(rec:u, ex:rcp,hg:Overview.html)
+used(ex:rcp,ex:req3)
+
+
+wasDerivedFrom(w3:WD-prov-dm-20111215,hg:Overview.html, ex:rcp, rec:g, rec:u)
+
+agent(ex:webmaster, [ prov:type="Person" ])
+
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:rcp, ex:webmaster)
+
+endContainer
+
+
+#activity(ex:a5,,,[prov:type="grammarcheck"])
+#ex:version="1",
+#ex:version="2"
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/old/examples/w3c-publication2.prov-xml Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
+<prov:container xmlns:prov="http://openprovenance.org/prov-xml#" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:ex="http://example.org/" xmlns:hg="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/9628aaff6e20/model/releases/WD-prov-dm-20111215/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:process="http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#" xmlns:rec="http://example.org/record" xmlns:w3="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/">
+ <prov:records>
+ <prov:activity prov:id="ex:rcp">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">copy directory</prov:type>
+ </prov:activity>
+ <prov:entity prov:id="hg:Overview.html">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">file in hg</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity>
+ <prov:entity prov:id="w3:WD-prov-dm-20111215">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">html4</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity>
+ <prov:entity prov:id="ex:req3">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:anyURI">http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity>
+ <prov:agent prov:id="ex:webmaster">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">Person</prov:type>
+ </prov:agent>
+ <prov:dependencies>
+ <prov:wasGeneratedBy prov:id="rec:g">
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="w3:WD-prov-dm-20111215"/>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:rcp"/>
+ </prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+ <prov:used prov:id="rec:u">
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:rcp"/>
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="hg:Overview.html"/>
+ </prov:used>
+ <prov:used>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:rcp"/>
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="ex:req3"/>
+ </prov:used>
+ <prov:wasDerivedFrom>
+ <prov:generation prov:ref="rec:g"/>
+ <prov:usage prov:ref="rec:u"/>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:rcp"/>
+ <prov:effect prov:ref="w3:WD-prov-dm-20111215"/>
+ <prov:cause prov:ref="hg:Overview.html"/>
+ </prov:wasDerivedFrom>
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:rcp"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:webmaster"/>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ </prov:dependencies>
+ </prov:records>
+</prov:container>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/old/examples/w3c-publication3.dot Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+digraph OPMGraph { rankdir="BT";
+edit1 [label="edit1",shape="polygon",sides="4"]
+ann14 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD align="left">type:</TD>
+ <TD align="left">edit</TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>>
+,shape="note"]
+ann14 -> edit1 [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
+WD_prov_dm_20111215 [label="WD-prov-dm-20111215"]
+ann15 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD align="left">type:</TD>
+ <TD align="left">document</TD>
+ </TR>
+ <TR>
+ <TD align="left">version:</TD>
+ <TD align="left">2</TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>>
+,shape="note"]
+ann15 -> WD_prov_dm_20111215 [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
+Luc [label="Luc",shape="polygon",sides="8"]
+ann16 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD align="left">type:</TD>
+ <TD align="left">Person</TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>>
+,shape="note"]
+ann16 -> Luc [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
+Paolo [label="Paolo",shape="polygon",sides="8"]
+ann17 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD align="left">type:</TD>
+ <TD align="left">Person</TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>>
+,shape="note"]
+ann17 -> Paolo [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
+Khalid [label="Khalid",shape="polygon",sides="8"]
+ann18 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD align="left">type:</TD>
+ <TD align="left">Person</TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>>
+,shape="note"]
+ann18 -> Khalid [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
+Stephen [label="Stephen",shape="polygon",sides="8"]
+ann19 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD align="left">type:</TD>
+ <TD align="left">Person</TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>>
+,shape="note"]
+ann19 -> Stephen [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
+Yolanda [label="Yolanda",shape="polygon",sides="8"]
+ann20 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD align="left">type:</TD>
+ <TD align="left">Person</TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>>
+,shape="note"]
+ann20 -> Yolanda [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
+Ryan [label="Ryan",shape="polygon",sides="8"]
+ann21 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD align="left">type:</TD>
+ <TD align="left">Person</TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>>
+,shape="note"]
+ann21 -> Ryan [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
+Paul [label="Paul",shape="polygon",sides="8"]
+ann22 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD align="left">type:</TD>
+ <TD align="left">Person</TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>>
+,shape="note"]
+ann22 -> Paul [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
+Graham [label="Graham",shape="polygon",sides="8"]
+ann23 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD align="left">type:</TD>
+ <TD align="left">Person</TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>>
+,shape="note"]
+ann23 -> Graham [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
+Jim [label="Jim",shape="polygon",sides="8"]
+ann24 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD align="left">type:</TD>
+ <TD align="left">Person</TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>>
+,shape="note"]
+ann24 -> Jim [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
+Simon [label="Simon",shape="polygon",sides="8"]
+ann25 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD align="left">type:</TD>
+ <TD align="left">Person</TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>>
+,shape="note"]
+ann25 -> Simon [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
+James [label="James",shape="polygon",sides="8"]
+ann26 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD align="left">type:</TD>
+ <TD align="left">Person</TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>>
+,shape="note"]
+ann26 -> James [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
+Satya [label="Satya",shape="polygon",sides="8"]
+ann27 [color="gray",fontcolor="black",label=<<TABLE cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD align="left">type:</TD>
+ <TD align="left">Person</TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>>
+,shape="note"]
+ann27 -> Satya [style="dashed",color="gray",arrowhead="none"]
+WD_prov_dm_20111215 -> edit1 []
+edit1 -> Luc []
+edit1 -> Paolo []
+edit1 -> Khalid []
+edit1 -> Stephen []
+edit1 -> Yolanda []
+edit1 -> Ryan []
+edit1 -> Paul []
+edit1 -> Graham []
+edit1 -> Jim []
+edit1 -> Simon []
+edit1 -> James []
+edit1 -> Satya []
+}
Binary file model/working-copy/old/examples/w3c-publication3.pdf has changed
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/old/examples/w3c-publication3.prov-asn Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+
+
+container
+
+prefix ex <http://example.org/>
+
+prefix w3 <http://www.w3.org/>
+prefix tr <http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/>
+
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
+
+agent(ex:Luc, [ prov:type="Person" ])
+agent(ex:Paolo, [ prov:type="Person" ])
+agent(ex:Khalid, [ prov:type="Person" ])
+agent(ex:Stephen, [ prov:type="Person" ])
+agent(ex:Yolanda, [ prov:type="Person" ])
+agent(ex:Ryan, [ prov:type="Person" ])
+agent(ex:Paul, [ prov:type="Person" ])
+agent(ex:Graham, [ prov:type="Person" ])
+agent(ex:Jim, [ prov:type="Person" ])
+agent(ex:Simon, [ prov:type="Person" ])
+agent(ex:James, [ prov:type="Person" ])
+agent(ex:Satya, [ prov:type="Person" ])
+
+activity(ex:edit1,,,[prov:type="edit"])
+
+wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1)
+
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Luc, [prov:role="editor"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Paolo, [prov:role="editor"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Khalid, [prov:role="contributor"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Stephen, [prov:role="contributor"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Yolanda, [prov:role="contributor"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Ryan, [prov:role="contributor"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Paul, [prov:role="contributor"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Graham, [prov:role="contributor"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Jim, [prov:role="contributor"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Simon, [prov:role="contributor"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:James, [prov:role="contributor"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Satya, [prov:role="contributor"])
+
+endContainer
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/old/examples/w3c-publication3.prov-xml Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
+<prov:container xmlns:prov="http://openprovenance.org/prov-xml#" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:ex="http://example.org/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:rec="http://example.org/record" xmlns:w3="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/">
+ <prov:records>
+ <prov:activity prov:id="ex:edit1">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">edit</prov:type>
+ </prov:activity>
+ <prov:entity prov:id="w3:WD-prov-dm-20111215">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">document</prov:type>
+ <ex:version xsi:type="xsd:string">2</ex:version>
+ </prov:entity>
+ <prov:agent prov:id="ex:Luc">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">Person</prov:type>
+ </prov:agent>
+ <prov:agent prov:id="ex:Paolo">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">Person</prov:type>
+ </prov:agent>
+ <prov:agent prov:id="ex:Khalid">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">Person</prov:type>
+ </prov:agent>
+ <prov:agent prov:id="ex:Stephen">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">Person</prov:type>
+ </prov:agent>
+ <prov:agent prov:id="ex:Yolanda">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">Person</prov:type>
+ </prov:agent>
+ <prov:agent prov:id="ex:Ryan">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">Person</prov:type>
+ </prov:agent>
+ <prov:agent prov:id="ex:Paul">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">Person</prov:type>
+ </prov:agent>
+ <prov:agent prov:id="ex:Graham">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">Person</prov:type>
+ </prov:agent>
+ <prov:agent prov:id="ex:Jim">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">Person</prov:type>
+ </prov:agent>
+ <prov:agent prov:id="ex:Simon">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">Person</prov:type>
+ </prov:agent>
+ <prov:agent prov:id="ex:James">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">Person</prov:type>
+ </prov:agent>
+ <prov:agent prov:id="ex:Satya">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">Person</prov:type>
+ </prov:agent>
+ <prov:dependencies>
+ <prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="w3:WD-prov-dm-20111215"/>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:edit1"/>
+ </prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:edit1"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Luc"/>
+ <prov:role xsi:type="xsd:string">editor</prov:role>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:edit1"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Paolo"/>
+ <prov:role xsi:type="xsd:string">editor</prov:role>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:edit1"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Khalid"/>
+ <prov:role xsi:type="xsd:string">contributor</prov:role>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:edit1"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Stephen"/>
+ <prov:role xsi:type="xsd:string">contributor</prov:role>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:edit1"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Yolanda"/>
+ <prov:role xsi:type="xsd:string">contributor</prov:role>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:edit1"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Ryan"/>
+ <prov:role xsi:type="xsd:string">contributor</prov:role>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:edit1"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Paul"/>
+ <prov:role xsi:type="xsd:string">contributor</prov:role>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:edit1"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Graham"/>
+ <prov:role xsi:type="xsd:string">contributor</prov:role>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:edit1"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Jim"/>
+ <prov:role xsi:type="xsd:string">contributor</prov:role>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:edit1"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Simon"/>
+ <prov:role xsi:type="xsd:string">contributor</prov:role>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:edit1"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:James"/>
+ <prov:role xsi:type="xsd:string">contributor</prov:role>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:edit1"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Satya"/>
+ <prov:role xsi:type="xsd:string">contributor</prov:role>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ </prov:dependencies>
+ </prov:records>
+</prov:container>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/old/examples/w3c-publication3.svg Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN"
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+<polygon fill="none" stroke="gray" points="1236,-188 1152,-188 1152,-152 1242,-152 1242,-182 1236,-188"/>
+<polyline fill="none" stroke="gray" points="1236,-188 1236,-182 "/>
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+<text text-anchor="start" x="1162" y="-166.233" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">type:</text>
+<text text-anchor="start" x="1193" y="-166.233" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Person</text>
+</g>
+<!-- ann26->James -->
+<g id="edge26" class="edge"><title>ann26->James</title>
+<path fill="none" stroke="gray" stroke-dasharray="5,2" d="M1193.72,-188.169C1191.76,-199 1189.29,-212.712 1187.32,-223.587"/>
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+<text text-anchor="start" x="1270" y="-166.233" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">type:</text>
+<text text-anchor="start" x="1301" y="-166.233" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Person</text>
+</g>
+<!-- ann27->Satya -->
+<g id="edge28" class="edge"><title>ann27->Satya</title>
+<path fill="none" stroke="gray" stroke-dasharray="5,2" d="M1301.97,-188.169C1300.17,-199 1297.88,-212.712 1296.07,-223.587"/>
+</g>
+</g>
+</svg>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/old/extra.css Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+
+/* --- EDITORIAL NOTES --- */
+.pending {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #BFEFFF;
+}
+
+.pending::before {
+ content: "Pending Review";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+.resolved {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #9BCD9B;
+}
+
+.resolved::before {
+ content: "Resolved";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+.inference {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+}
+
+.inference[id]::before {
+ content: "Inference: " attr(id);
+ width: 380px; /* How can we compute the length of "Constraint: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.inference::before {
+ content: "Inference";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+.syntax {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+}
+
+.syntax[id]::before {
+ content: "Syntax: " attr(id);
+ width: 380px; /* How can we compute the length of "Constraint: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.syntax::before {
+ content: "Syntax";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+.unamedconstraint {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #00f;
+ background: #fff;
+}
+
+
+.unamedconstraint::before {
+ content: "Constraint";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #00f;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+
+.constraint {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #00f;
+ background: #fff;
+}
+
+.constraint[id]::before {
+ content: "Constraint: " attr(id);
+ width: 380px; /* How can we compute the length of "Constraint: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.constraint::before {
+ content: "Constraint";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #00f;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+
+.interpretation {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #00f;
+ background: #fff;
+}
+
+.interpretation[id]::before {
+ content: "Interpretation: " attr(id);
+ width: 380px; /* How can we compute the length of "Interpretation: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.interpretation::before {
+ content: "Interpretation";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #00f;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+
+
+
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+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #00f;
+ background: #fff;
+}
+
+.deprecatedconstraint[id]::before {
+ content: "Deprecated: " attr(id);
+ width: 380px; /* How can we compute the length of "Deprecatedconstraint: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.deprecatedconstraint::before {
+ content: "Deprecated";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #00f;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
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+ font-style: italic;
+}
+
+.dfn {
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+
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+ color: blue;
+}
+
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+ margin-top: 1ex;
+ margin-bottom: 1ex;
+ padding-left: 1ex;
+ padding-right: 1ex;
+ padding-top: 1ex;
+ padding-bottom: 0.6ex;
+ border: 1px dashed #2f6fab;
+}
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+ font-weight: bold;
+ font-family: sans-serif;
+ font-size: 95%;
+}
+
+.name {
+ font-family: monospace;
+}
+
+
+.xmpl {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+}
+
+.xmpl::before {
+ content: "Example";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
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+ content: "Example:";
+ font-family: sans-serif;
+ font-size: 1.6ex;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+.anexample {
+ margin-top: 1ex;
+ margin-bottom: 1ex;
+ padding-left: 1ex;
+ padding-right: 1ex;
+ padding-top: 1ex;
+ padding-bottom: 0.6ex;
+ border: 1px dashed #2f6fab;
+ background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+.anexample table {
+ background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="name"]:before {
+ content: "'";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="name"]:after {
+ content: "'";
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="optional"]:before {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size:130%;
+ font-family: monospace;
+ content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="optional"]:after {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size:130%;
+ font-family: monospace;
+ content: ")?";
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="plus"]:before {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size:130%;
+ font-family: monospace;
+ content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="plus"]:after {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size:130%;
+ font-family: monospace;
+ content: ")+";
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="star"]:before {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size:130%;
+ font-family: monospace;
+ content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="star"]:after {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size:130%;
+ font-family: monospace;
+ content: ")*";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="group"]:before {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size:130%;
+ font-family: monospace;
+ content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="group"]:after {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size:130%;
+ font-family: monospace;
+ content: ")";
+}
+
+table {
+ background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+
+
+.interpretation-forward::before {
+ content: "Interpretation: ";
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.structural-forward::before {
+ content: "Structural constraint: ";
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/old/glossary.html Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+
+<html>
+
+<div class="glossary" id="glossary-entity">
+<dfn title="concept-entity">Entities</dfn> are things in the world one
+ wants to provide provenance for. For the purpose of this
+ specification, things can be physical, digital, conceptual, or
+ otherwise; the world may be real or imaginary.
+</div>
+
+<span class="glossary" id="glossary-activity">
+An <dfn id="concept-activity">activity</dfn> is anything that can operate on entities. In particular, activities may produce, consume, or transform an entity. Activities that operate on digital entities may for example move, copy, or duplicate them.
+</span>
+
+<span class="glossary" id="glossary-agent">
+An <dfn id="concept-agent">agent</dfn> is a type of entity that can be associated to an activity, to indicate that it bears some form of responsibility for the activity taking
+place.
+</span>
+
+<span class="glossary" id="glossary-generation">
+<dfn id="concept-generation">Generation</dfn> is the completed production of a new entity by activity.
+ This entity become available for usage after this generation. This entity did not exist before generation.
+</span>
+
+<span class="glossary" id="glossary-usage">
+<dfn id="concept-usage">Usage</dfn> is the beginning on an entity being consumed by an activity.
+Before usage, the activity had not begun to consume or use to this entity (and could not have been affected by the entity).
+</span>
+
+<span class="glossary" id="glossary-derivation">
+<dfn id="concept-derivation">Derivation</dfn> is something by which some entity is transformed from, created from, or affected by another entity in the world.</span>
+
+<span class="glossary" id="glossary-plan">
+A <dfn id="concept-plan">plan</dfn> is an entity that represent a set of
+actions or steps intended by one or more agents to achieve some goals.
+</span>
+
+<span class="glossary" id="glossary-collection">
+A <dfn id="concept-collection">collection</dfn> is an entity that has internal structure.
+</span>
+
+<span class="glossary" id="glossary-accountEntity">
+An <dfn id="concept-accountEntity">accountEntity</dfn> is an entity that is contains a bundle of provenance assertions.
+</span>
+
+<span class="glossary" id="glossary-provenance">
+<dfn>Provenance</dfn> is a record that describes the people,
+institutions, entities, and activities, involved in producing,
+influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a thing in the world.
+</span>
+
+
+<span class="glossary" id="glossary-responsibilityChain">
+A <dfn title="concept-responsibilityChain">responsibility chain</dfn> is a relation between two agents,
+indicating that a "subordinate" agent acted on behalf of a "responsible" agent, in the context of an activity.
+</span>
+
+<span class="glossary" id="glossary-activityAssociation">
+An <dfn title="concept-activityAssociation">activity association</dfn> is an assignment of responsibility to an agent for an activity, indicating that the agent had an active role in the activity. It further allows for a plan to be specified, which is the plan
+intended by the agent to achieve some goals in the context of this activity.
+</span>
+
+
+<span class="glossary" id="glossary-generation-event">
+An <dfn id="dfn-generation-event">entity generation event</dfn> is the <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the final instant of an entity's creation timespan, after which
+it is no longer available for use.
+</span>
+
+<span class="glossary" id="glossary-usage-event">
+An <dfn id="dfn-usage-event">entity usage event</dfn> is the <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the first instant of an entity's consumption timespan by an activity.
+</span>
+
+<span class="glossary" id="glossary-destruction-event">
+An <dfn id="dfn-destruction-event">entity destruction event</dfn> is the <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the initial instant of an entity's destruction timespan, after which
+it no longer becomes available for use.
+</span>
+
+<span class="glossary" id="glossary-start-event">
+An <dfn id="dfn-start-event">activity start event</dfn> is the <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the instant an activity starts.
+</span>
+
+<span class="glossary" id="glossary-end-event">
+An <dfn id="dfn-end-event">activity end event</dfn> is the <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the instant an activity ends.
+</span>
+
+<span class="glossary" id="glossary-event">
+An <em>instantaneous event</em>, or <dfn id="dfn-event">event</dfn> for short, happens in the world and marks a change in the world, in its
+activities and in its entities.
+</span>
+
+
+</html>
+
Binary file model/working-copy/old/images/OverviewDiagram.png has changed
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/old/images/OverviewDiagram.svg Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
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+Agent</text>
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+<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="217" y="72">
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+ <text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="333" y="106">
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+<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="435" y="108">
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+<a xlink:href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-Generation" target="_parent">
+<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="317" y="160">
+wasGeneratedBy</text></a>
+<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="301" y="140">
+</text>
+<text font-family="Dialog" font-size="13" x="435" y="140">
+</text>
+</svg>
Binary file model/working-copy/old/images/PROV-modelSketch.zargo has changed
Binary file model/working-copy/old/images/activityAssociation.png has changed
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/old/images/activityAssociation.svg Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
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+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Sheets</key>
+ <array>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ActiveLayerIndex</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>AutoAdjust</key>
+ <true/>
+ <key>BackgroundGraphic</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
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+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>SolidGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>CanvasOrigin</key>
+ <string>{0, 0}</string>
+ <key>ColumnAlign</key>
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+ <real>36</real>
+ <key>DisplayScale</key>
+ <string>1.000 cm = 1.000 cm</string>
+ <key>GraphicsList</key>
+ <array>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{240, 305.547}, {85, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>349</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{360, 346.437}, {85, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>348</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{674.5, 345.779}, {85, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>347</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{703.5, 260.186}, {85, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>342</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 specializationOf}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{803.5, 395}, {105, 28}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>329</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Align</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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+\pard\pardeftab720\ql\qnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 wasAssociatedWith\
+}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>299</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>328</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{850, 317.874}</string>
+ <string>{850, 247.937}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>323</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>323</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>327</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{850, 440.843}</string>
+ <string>{850, 360.437}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>319</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>Group</string>
+ <key>Graphics</key>
+ <array>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{717, 648.814}, {25, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>331</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 Plan}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{648, 637.748}, {37.5, 36.1302}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>332</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Circle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>GapRatio</key>
+ <real>0.5</real>
+ <key>Width</key>
+ <real>4</real>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+ </dict>
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+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>Group</string>
+ <key>Graphics</key>
+ <array>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{714.5, 595.341}, {32, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>334</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{641, 582.685}, {52.8236, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>335</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>House</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
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+ <string>0.666667</string>
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+ <dict>
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+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{563, 648.841}, {31, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>336</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
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+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{493.34, 637.091}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>337</integer>
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+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Circle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
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+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{490, 583.591}, {44.1764, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>338</integer>
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+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>0.5</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>1</string>
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+ </dict>
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+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{554, 593.341}, {39, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
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+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>339</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 Activity}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{419, 588.685}, {66, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>340</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 Key to icons}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{409, 576.122}, {359.084, 105.937}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>341</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict/>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </array>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>333</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </array>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>330</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{827.912, 317.874}, {44.1764, 42.5627}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>323</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Circle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>GapRatio</key>
+ <real>0.5</real>
+ <key>Width</key>
+ <real>4</real>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 gr\sub 1}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{637.5, 446.843}, {93, 28}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>322</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Align</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\deftab720
+\pard\pardeftab720\ql\qnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 actedOnBehalfOf\
+}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>266</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>320</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{803.5, 466.905}</string>
+ <string>{562.39, 466.906}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>319</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{803.5, 440.843}, {93, 52.1244}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>319</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>House</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>w</key>
+ <string>0.666667</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 GoodEnglish\
+ag6}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>VFlip</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{483.491, 409.938}, {105, 28}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>309</integer>
+ <key>Line</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>268</integer>
+ <key>Position</key>
+ <real>0.12095580250024796</real>
+ <key>RotationType</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Align</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\deftab720
+\pard\pardeftab720\ql\qnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 wasAssociatedWith\
+}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{714.44, 75}, {105, 28}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>308</integer>
+ <key>Line</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>219</integer>
+ <key>Position</key>
+ <real>0.57360237836837769</real>
+ <key>RotationType</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Align</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\deftab720
+\pard\pardeftab720\ql\qnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 wasAssociatedWith\
+}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{483.478, 74}, {105, 28}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>307</integer>
+ <key>Line</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>222</integer>
+ <key>Position</key>
+ <real>0.44149142503738403</real>
+ <key>RotationType</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Align</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\deftab720
+\pard\pardeftab720\ql\qnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 wasAssociatedWith\
+}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{257.588, 165}, {105, 28}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>306</integer>
+ <key>Line</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>221</integer>
+ <key>Position</key>
+ <real>0.45431366562843323</real>
+ <key>RotationType</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Align</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\deftab720
+\pard\pardeftab720\ql\qnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 wasAssociatedWith\
+}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{15.2733, 411}, {105, 28}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>305</integer>
+ <key>Line</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>265</integer>
+ <key>Position</key>
+ <real>0.59219980239868164</real>
+ <key>RotationType</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Align</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\deftab720
+\pard\pardeftab720\ql\qnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 wasAssociatedWith\
+}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>237</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>304</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{991, 229.187}</string>
+ <string>{851, 272}</string>
+ <string>{687.75, 229.187}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Color</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>269</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>4</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{766.352, 213.468}, {27, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>303</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 used}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>237</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>302</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{827.412, 229.187}</string>
+ <string>{687.75, 229.187}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>299</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{818.5, 117.249}, {93, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>300</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 wasGeneratedBy}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{827.912, 210.437}, {44.1764, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>299</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>0.5</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 a\sub 5}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{118, 355.75}, {93, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>293</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 wasGeneratedBy}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{110, 285}, {93, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>292</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 wasGeneratedBy}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>225</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>291</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{68.0882, 353.874}</string>
+ <string>{236, 247.937}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>289</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>186</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>290</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{90.1764, 372.624}</string>
+ <string>{217, 372.624}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>289</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>3</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{46, 353.874}, {44.1764, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>289</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>0.5</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 a\sub 0}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>299</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>270</integer>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
+ <false/>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
+ <string>{526, 372.624}</string>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
+ <real>77</real>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{991, 229.187}</string>
+ <string>{872.088, 229.187}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>269</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{991, 210.437}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>269</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Circle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 e\sub 6}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{509.566, 448.156}, {52.8236, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>266</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>House</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>w</key>
+ <string>0.666667</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 David\
+ag4}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>VFlip</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>264</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>265</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{68.0882, 391.374}</string>
+ <string>{67.5564, 448.156}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>19</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>289</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{41.1446, 448.156}, {52.8236, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>264</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>House</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>w</key>
+ <string>0.666667</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 Alice\
+ag1}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>VFlip</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>186</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>3</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>258</integer>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
+ <true/>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
+ <string>{526, 372.624}</string>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
+ <real>-1</real>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{669, 247.937}</string>
+ <string>{254.5, 372.624}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Color</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>237</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>186</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>3</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>257</integer>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
+ <true/>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
+ <string>{310.75, 372.624}</string>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
+ <real>-1</real>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{453.75, 247.937}</string>
+ <string>{254.5, 372.624}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Color</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>229</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>186</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>256</integer>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
+ <true/>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
+ <string>{62.75, 300.906}</string>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
+ <real>-1</real>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{236, 247.937}</string>
+ <string>{235.75, 353.874}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Color</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>225</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{217, 353.874}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>186</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Circle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 e\sub 0}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{561, 174.593}, {97.176, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>Vertical</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
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+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
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+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>254</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+\f0\fs24 \cf0 used}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
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+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>246</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>219</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{766.94, 50.9986}</string>
+ <string>{766.94, 117.249}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>19</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>218</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{740.528, 13.4986}, {52.8236, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>218</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>House</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>w</key>
+ <string>0.666667</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+
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+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
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+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
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+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
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+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{789.528, 136.006}</string>
+ <string>{862, 137}</string>
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+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>246</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
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+ <integer>237</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>250</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{766.94, 154.749}</string>
+ <string>{687.75, 229.187}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>246</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{888.916, 210.437}, {93, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>249</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
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+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{703.5, 174.593}, {27, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>248</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+\f0\fs24 \cf0 used}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{991, 117.437}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>247</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Circle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
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+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{744.852, 117.249}, {44.1764, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>246</integer>
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+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>0.5</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ </dict>
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+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
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+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+
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+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
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+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{557, 277.437}, {93, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>Vertical</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>245</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
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+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+ <dict>
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+ <key>ID</key>
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+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{535.978, 448.156}</string>
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+ <dict>
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+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>266</integer>
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+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
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+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ </dict>
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+ <key>Points</key>
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+ <dict>
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+ <dict>
+ <key>Color</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ </dict>
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+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
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+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
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+ <dict>
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+ <integer>1</integer>
+ </dict>
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+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{321, 278.437}, {109.866, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>Vertical</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
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+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
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+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
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+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
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+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
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+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+ <string>{{560.676, 210.437}, {93, 14}}</string>
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+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
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+ <string>YES</string>
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+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
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+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
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+ <dict>
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+ <string>NO</string>
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+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
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+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
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+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
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+ <dict>
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+ <key>Points</key>
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+ <string>{332.176, 229.187}</string>
+ <string>{435, 229.187}</string>
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+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
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+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
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+ <integer>226</integer>
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+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{650.25, 210.437}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
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+ <key>ID</key>
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+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
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+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Circle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
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+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>237</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>236</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{558.676, 229.187}</string>
+ <string>{650.25, 229.187}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>233</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{483.088, 213.437}, {27, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>235</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 used}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>229</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>234</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{514, 229.187}</string>
+ <string>{472.5, 229.187}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>233</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>4</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{514, 210.437}, {44.1764, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>233</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>0.5</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 a\sub 3}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>225</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>232</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{453.262, 248.047}</string>
+ <string>{332.176, 275.437}</string>
+ <string>{236.481, 248.074}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Color</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>229</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>226</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>221</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{310.088, 152.827}</string>
+ <string>{310.088, 210.437}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>19</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>215</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{283.676, 115.327}, {52.8236, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>215</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>House</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>w</key>
+ <string>0.666667</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 Bob\
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+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
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+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{435, 210.437}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>229</integer>
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+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Circle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+
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+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
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+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{257.75, 210.437}, {27, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>228</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+\f0\fs24 \cf0 used}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
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+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
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+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
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+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
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+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{288, 229.187}</string>
+ <string>{254.75, 229.187}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>226</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>4</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{288, 210.437}, {44.1764, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>226</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>0.5</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 a\sub 1}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{217.25, 210.437}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>225</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Circle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 e\sub 1}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
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+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
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+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ </dict>
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+ <integer>222</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{535.978, 117.249}</string>
+ <string>{535.978, 50.9986}</string>
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+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>19</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
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+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
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+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{509.566, 13.4986}, {52.8236, 37.5}}</string>
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+ <key>ID</key>
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+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
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+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>House</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>w</key>
+ <string>0.666667</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
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+ <string>{668.514, 154.867}</string>
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+ <key>Style</key>
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+ <dict>
+ <key>Color</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>0</string>
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+ <string>1</string>
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+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
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+ <key>Style</key>
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+ <dict>
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+ <string>0</string>
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+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
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+ <integer>4</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
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+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>188</integer>
+ </dict>
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+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
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+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
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+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>206</integer>
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+ <integer>4</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{560.676, 117.249}, {93, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
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+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
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+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
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+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
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+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
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+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+\f0\fs24 \cf0 wasGeneratedBy}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{650.25, 117.249}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>206</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Circle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 e\sub 4}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{341.5, 210.437}, {93, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>197</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 wasGeneratedBy}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{513.779, 117.249}, {44.3975, 37.6877}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>188</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>0.5</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 a\sub 2}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </array>
+ <key>GridInfo</key>
+ <dict/>
+ <key>HPages</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>KeepToScale</key>
+ <false/>
+ <key>Layers</key>
+ <array>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Lock</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Name</key>
+ <string>Layer 1</string>
+ <key>Print</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>View</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ </dict>
+ </array>
+ <key>LayoutInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Animate</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>circoMinDist</key>
+ <real>18</real>
+ <key>circoSeparation</key>
+ <real>0.0</real>
+ <key>layoutEngine</key>
+ <string>dot</string>
+ <key>neatoSeparation</key>
+ <real>0.0</real>
+ <key>twopiSeparation</key>
+ <real>0.0</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Orientation</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>PrintOnePage</key>
+ <false/>
+ <key>RowAlign</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>RowSpacing</key>
+ <real>36</real>
+ <key>SheetTitle</key>
+ <string>example-graphical</string>
+ <key>UniqueID</key>
+ <integer>3</integer>
+ <key>VPages</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ActiveLayerIndex</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>AutoAdjust</key>
+ <true/>
+ <key>BackgroundGraphic</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{0, 0}, {806, 536}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>SolidGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>CanvasOrigin</key>
+ <string>{0, 0}</string>
+ <key>ColumnAlign</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>ColumnSpacing</key>
+ <real>36</real>
+ <key>DisplayScale</key>
+ <string>1.000 cm = 1.000 cm</string>
+ <key>GraphicsList</key>
+ <array>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{135, 423.5}, {85, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>345</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 specializationOf}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{123.5, 376.25}, {85, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>344</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 specializationOf}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{123.5, 290.375}, {85, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>343</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 specializationOf}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{123.5, 210.75}, {85, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>342</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 specializationOf}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>268</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{566, 466.5}</string>
+ <string>{617.5, 465.5}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Width</key>
+ <real>2</real>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>267</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{566, 394.5}</string>
+ <string>{617.5, 393.5}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Width</key>
+ <real>2</real>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>266</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{566, 353.25}</string>
+ <string>{617.5, 352.25}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Width</key>
+ <real>2</real>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>AllowConnections</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>265</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{442.25, 352.25}</string>
+ <string>{566, 352.25}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Width</key>
+ <real>2</real>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>264</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{566, 153}</string>
+ <string>{617.5, 152}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Width</key>
+ <real>2</real>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{518.5, 96}, {23, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>262</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 evt6}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>AllowConnections</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>260</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>261</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{530.5, 120}</string>
+ <string>{529, 466.5}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>260</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{529, 466.5}</string>
+ <string>{566.5, 466.5}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Width</key>
+ <real>2</real>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>AllowConnections</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>259</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{252.5, 466}</string>
+ <string>{568, 465}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>254</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>3</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>225</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>255</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{233.75, 447.25}</string>
+ <string>{233.75, 413.75}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Color</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>254</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{215, 447.25}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>254</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Circle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 e\sub 6}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>186</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>249</integer>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
+ <true/>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
+ <string>{62.75, 395}</string>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
+ <real>-1</real>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{215, 395}</string>
+ <string>{107.75, 171.25}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Color</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>225</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>4</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>186</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>248</integer>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
+ <true/>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
+ <string>{62.75, 310.5}</string>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
+ <real>-1</real>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{215, 310.5}</string>
+ <string>{107.75, 171.25}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Color</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>224</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>4</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>186</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>247</integer>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
+ <true/>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
+ <string>{62.75, 229.5}</string>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
+ <real>-1</real>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{215, 229.5}</string>
+ <string>{107.75, 171.25}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Color</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>223</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>4</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>AllowConnections</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>246</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{354, 137}</string>
+ <string>{354, 311}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>AllowConnections</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>245</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{422, 137}</string>
+ <string>{422, 310}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>AllowConnections</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>244</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{494, 137}</string>
+ <string>{494, 311}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>AllowConnections</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>242</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{252.5, 229.5}</string>
+ <string>{566.5, 229}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>223</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>AllowConnections</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>240</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>241</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{565.5, 137}</string>
+ <string>{566.5, 394.5}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>240</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{498, 394.5}</string>
+ <string>{566.5, 394.5}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Width</key>
+ <real>2</real>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>AllowConnections</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>239</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{354, 310}</string>
+ <string>{497, 310}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Width</key>
+ <real>2</real>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>238</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{291, 230}</string>
+ <string>{353, 230}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Width</key>
+ <real>2</real>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>AllowConnections</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>227</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>237</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{566.5, 395}</string>
+ <string>{566.5, 418}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>AllowConnections</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>236</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{252.5, 310.5}</string>
+ <string>{565.5, 310}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>224</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>3</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>226</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>235</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{423, 311}</string>
+ <string>{422.5, 335}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>AllowConnections</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>233</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{290, 141}</string>
+ <string>{290, 482.5}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>232</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{290, 153}</string>
+ <string>{575, 152}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Width</key>
+ <real>2</real>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{554.5, 114}, {23, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>231</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 evt5}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{484.5, 114}, {23, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>230</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 evt4}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{414.5, 114}, {23, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>229</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 evt3}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{344.5, 114}, {23, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>228</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 evt2}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{281.5, 114}, {23, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>193</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 evt1}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{547.75, 418}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>227</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Circle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 e\sub 5}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{403.75, 335}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>226</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Circle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 e\sub 4}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{215, 376.25}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>225</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Circle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 e\sub 3}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{215, 291.75}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>224</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Circle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 e\sub 2}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{215, 210.75}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>223</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Circle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 e\sub 1}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{89, 133.75}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>186</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Circle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>1</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 e\sub 0}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>AllowConnections</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>243</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{252.5, 395}</string>
+ <string>{568, 393}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>225</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>3</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </array>
+ <key>GridInfo</key>
+ <dict/>
+ <key>HPages</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>KeepToScale</key>
+ <false/>
+ <key>Layers</key>
+ <array>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Lock</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Name</key>
+ <string>Layer 1</string>
+ <key>Print</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>View</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ </dict>
+ </array>
+ <key>LayoutInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Animate</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>circoMinDist</key>
+ <real>18</real>
+ <key>circoSeparation</key>
+ <real>0.0</real>
+ <key>layoutEngine</key>
+ <string>dot</string>
+ <key>neatoSeparation</key>
+ <real>0.0</real>
+ <key>twopiSeparation</key>
+ <real>0.0</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Orientation</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>PrintOnePage</key>
+ <false/>
+ <key>RowAlign</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>RowSpacing</key>
+ <real>36</real>
+ <key>SheetTitle</key>
+ <string>timeline and IVP relations</string>
+ <key>UniqueID</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>VPages</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ActiveLayerIndex</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>AutoAdjust</key>
+ <true/>
+ <key>BackgroundGraphic</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{0, 0}, {806, 536}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>SolidGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>CanvasOrigin</key>
+ <string>{0, 0}</string>
+ <key>ColumnAlign</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>ColumnSpacing</key>
+ <real>36</real>
+ <key>DisplayScale</key>
+ <string>1.000 cm = 1.000 cm</string>
+ <key>GraphicsList</key>
+ <array>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{626, 316}, {140, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>310</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 wCo = wasComplementOf}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{38.117, 351}, {402.96, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>Vertical</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>309</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 "The Royal Society" viewed by asserters A and B}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{566.077, 268}, {25, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>308</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 wCo}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{520.077, 268}, {25, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>307</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 wCo}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{464.077, 268}, {25, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>306</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 wCo}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{405.077, 268}, {25, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>305</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 wCo}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{346.305, 268}, {25, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>304</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 wCo}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{273.305, 268}, {25, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>303</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 wCo}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>AllowConnections</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>302</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{556, 250}</string>
+ <string>{556, 298}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>AllowConnections</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>301</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{511, 250}</string>
+ <string>{511, 298}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>AllowConnections</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>300</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{457, 250}</string>
+ <string>{457, 298}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>AllowConnections</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>299</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{398, 250}</string>
+ <string>{398, 298}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>AllowConnections</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>298</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{339, 250}</string>
+ <string>{339, 298}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>AllowConnections</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>297</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{267, 250}</string>
+ <string>{267, 298}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{254.725, 125.5}, {49, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>Vertical</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>296</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 E}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{305.848, 15.563}, {156.49, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>Vertical</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>295</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 events line}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>AllowConnections</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>294</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{240, 36.5}</string>
+ <string>{732, 36.5}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{118.06, 242}, {93.47, 84}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>Vertical</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>293</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 Potential \
+corresponding entities\
+asserted as\
+"complement of"\
+relations}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{549.848, 303.874}, {18, 20}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>292</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs20 \cf0 e\sub 3\super B}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{549.848, 229.5}, {18, 20}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>291</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs20 \cf0 e\sub 4\super A}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{505.695, 304.374}, {18, 20}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>290</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs20 \cf0 e\sub 2\super B}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{505.695, 230}, {18, 20}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>289</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs20 \cf0 e\sub 4\super A}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{448.622, 304.374}, {18, 20}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>288</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs20 \cf0 e\sub 2\super B}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{448.622, 230}, {18, 20}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>287</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs20 \cf0 e\sub 3\super A}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{390.725, 303.874}, {18, 20}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>286</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs20 \cf0 e\sub 1\super B}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{390.725, 229.5}, {18, 20}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>285</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs20 \cf0 e\sub 3\super A}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{334.725, 303.874}, {18, 20}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>277</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs20 \cf0 e\sub 1\super B}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{334.725, 229.5}, {18, 20}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>276</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs20 \cf0 e\sub 2\super A}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{262.725, 302.5}, {18, 20}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>275</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs20 \cf0 e\sub 1\super B}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{262.725, 230}, {18, 20}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>274</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs20 \cf0 e\sub 1\super A}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>265</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{535, 167.437}</string>
+ <string>{535, 187.437}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Width</key>
+ <real>2</real>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>264</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{422.53, 167.437}</string>
+ <string>{422.53, 187.437}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Width</key>
+ <real>2</real>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>263</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{240, 168}</string>
+ <string>{240, 188}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Width</key>
+ <real>2</real>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>262</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{240, 75}</string>
+ <string>{240, 95}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Width</key>
+ <real>2</real>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>261</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{581.725, 75}</string>
+ <string>{581.725, 95}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Width</key>
+ <real>2</real>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>260</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{491.725, 75}</string>
+ <string>{491.725, 95}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Width</key>
+ <real>2</real>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>259</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{374.725, 75}</string>
+ <string>{374.725, 95}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Width</key>
+ <real>2</real>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>258</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{306, 76}</string>
+ <string>{306, 96}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Width</key>
+ <real>2</real>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{577, 170.437}, {49, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>Vertical</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>257</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 L3}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{438, 170.437}, {49, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>Vertical</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>256</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
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+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 L2}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{308, 170.437}, {49, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>Vertical</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>255</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 L1}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{504, 75}, {49, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>Vertical</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>254</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 M4}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{418.225, 75}, {49, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>Vertical</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>253</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 M3}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{319.225, 75}, {49, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>Vertical</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>252</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 M2}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{247.225, 75}, {49, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>Vertical</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>251</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 M1}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>AllowConnections</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>250</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{240, 188}</string>
+ <string>{732, 188}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>AllowConnections</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>249</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{240, 143}</string>
+ <string>{732, 143}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>AllowConnections</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>210</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{240, 98}</string>
+ <string>{732, 98}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>248</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{156, 125.5}</string>
+ <string>{140, 125.5}</string>
+ <string>{140, 209.5}</string>
+ <string>{157, 209.5}</string>
+ <string>{157, 210.5}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>247</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{151, 75}</string>
+ <string>{135, 75}</string>
+ <string>{135, 159}</string>
+ <string>{152, 159}</string>
+ <string>{152, 160}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{140, 177.437}, {93.47, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>Vertical</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>246</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 Location}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{140, 89}, {93.47, 28}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>Vertical</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>245</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 Membership count}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{140, 137}, {93.47, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>Vertical</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>244</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 Established on}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{46, 24}, {156.49, 28}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>Vertical</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>243</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 "The Royal Society"\
+viewed by asserters A and B}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{81.02, 163.437}, {55.245, 28}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>Vertical</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>242</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 Asserter B}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{71, 98}, {55.245, 28}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>Vertical</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>241</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 Asserter A}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>284</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{581.848, 52}</string>
+ <string>{581.848, 289}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>283</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{533.848, 170.437}</string>
+ <string>{533.848, 289}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>282</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{491.848, 52}</string>
+ <string>{491.848, 289}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>281</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{422.53, 167.437}</string>
+ <string>{422.848, 289}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>264</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>280</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{374.848, 52}</string>
+ <string>{374.848, 289}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>279</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{305.848, 52}</string>
+ <string>{305.848, 289}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>278</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{240, 52}</string>
+ <string>{240, 289}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </array>
+ <key>GridInfo</key>
+ <dict/>
+ <key>HPages</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>KeepToScale</key>
+ <false/>
+ <key>Layers</key>
+ <array>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Lock</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Name</key>
+ <string>Layer 1</string>
+ <key>Print</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>View</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ </dict>
+ </array>
+ <key>LayoutInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Animate</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>circoMinDist</key>
+ <real>18</real>
+ <key>circoSeparation</key>
+ <real>0.0</real>
+ <key>layoutEngine</key>
+ <string>dot</string>
+ <key>neatoSeparation</key>
+ <real>0.0</real>
+ <key>twopiSeparation</key>
+ <real>0.0</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Orientation</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>PrintOnePage</key>
+ <false/>
+ <key>RowAlign</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>RowSpacing</key>
+ <real>36</real>
+ <key>SheetTitle</key>
+ <string>complement-of</string>
+ <key>UniqueID</key>
+ <integer>4</integer>
+ <key>VPages</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ActiveLayerIndex</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>AutoAdjust</key>
+ <true/>
+ <key>BackgroundGraphic</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{0, 0}, {806, 536}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>SolidGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>CanvasOrigin</key>
+ <string>{0, 0}</string>
+ <key>ColumnAlign</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>ColumnSpacing</key>
+ <real>36</real>
+ <key>DisplayScale</key>
+ <string>1.000 cm = 1.000 cm</string>
+ <key>GraphicsList</key>
+ <array>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>230</integer>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
+ <true/>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
+ <string>{0, 0}</string>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
+ <real>-1</real>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{254, 395.5}</string>
+ <string>{142, 404.5}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>StickArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>228</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>3</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>228</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>4</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>229</integer>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
+ <true/>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
+ <string>{0, 0}</string>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
+ <real>-1</real>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{253.693, 269.362}</string>
+ <string>{133, 395.5}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>StickArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>4</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>10</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{133, 373}, {121, 45}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>228</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Diamond</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Color</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 Helvetica;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc
+
+\f0\fs20 \cf0 specializationOf}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>220</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>227</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{564.5, 393}</string>
+ <string>{564.5, 356}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>StickArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>225</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>4</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>7</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>226</integer>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
+ <false/>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
+ <string>{0, 0}</string>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
+ <real>134</real>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{513, 409.75}</string>
+ <string>{334, 260}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>UMLInheritance</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>225</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>8</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{513, 393}, {103, 33.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>225</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{1, 1}</string>
+ <string>{1, -1}</string>
+ <string>{-1, -1}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-0.5, -0.233518}</string>
+ <string>{-0.491442, 0.260063}</string>
+ <string>{0.507118, -0.224086}</string>
+ <string>{0.507118, 0.267179}</string>
+ <string>{-0.27431, -0.474028}</string>
+ <string>{0.27978, -0.478478}</string>
+ <string>{0.293938, 0.543044}</string>
+ <string>{-0.286232, 0.553804}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Color</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 Helvetica;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 plan}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>220</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>4</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>224</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{482, 260}</string>
+ <string>{504, 333.5}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>StickArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>36</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>7</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>25</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>8</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>223</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{625, 333.5}</string>
+ <string>{663.875, 260}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>StickArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>220</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>3</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>25</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>8</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>222</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{625, 260}</string>
+ <string>{663.875, 260}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>StickArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>218</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>218</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>4</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>221</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{482, 260}</string>
+ <string>{504, 260}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>StickArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>36</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>7</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{504, 311}, {121, 45}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>220</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Diamond</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Color</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Align</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 Helvetica;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\deftab720
+\pard\pardeftab720\ql\qnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 wasAssociated\
+\pard\pardeftab720\qc
+\cf0 with}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{504, 237.5}, {121, 45}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>218</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Diamond</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Color</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 Helvetica;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc
+
+\f0\fs20 \cf0 wasEndedBy}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>210</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>8</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>212</integer>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
+ <false/>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
+ <string>{0, 0}</string>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
+ <real>28</real>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{379, 243.25}</string>
+ <string>{394, 188.5}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>StickArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>36</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>3</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>36</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>211</integer>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
+ <false/>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
+ <string>{0, 0}</string>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
+ <real>52</real>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{466, 188.5}</string>
+ <string>{482, 243.25}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>StickArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>210</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>7</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{394, 166}, {72, 45}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>210</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{1, 1}</string>
+ <string>{1, -1}</string>
+ <string>{-1, -1}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Diamond</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Color</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 Helvetica;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc
+
+\f0\fs20 \cf0 acted\
+on behalf of}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>25</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>5</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>149</integer>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
+ <true/>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
+ <string>{0, 0}</string>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
+ <real>-1</real>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{488, 468}</string>
+ <string>{704.375, 278}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>StickArrow</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>11</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>7</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>25</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>8</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
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+ <key>TailArrow</key>
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+ </dict>
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+ <key>Class</key>
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+ <string>0.918478</string>
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+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{253, 242}, {81, 36}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>4</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{1, 1}</string>
+ <string>{1, -1}</string>
+ <string>{-1, -1}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-0.5, -0.233518}</string>
+ <string>{-0.491442, 0.260063}</string>
+ <string>{0.507118, -0.224086}</string>
+ <string>{0.507118, 0.267179}</string>
+ <string>{-0.27431, -0.474028}</string>
+ <string>{0.27978, -0.478478}</string>
+ <string>{0.293938, 0.543044}</string>
+ <string>{-0.286232, 0.553804}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Color</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 Helvetica;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 entity}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </array>
+ <key>GridInfo</key>
+ <dict/>
+ <key>HPages</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>KeepToScale</key>
+ <false/>
+ <key>Layers</key>
+ <array>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Lock</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Name</key>
+ <string>Layer 1</string>
+ <key>Print</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>View</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ </dict>
+ </array>
+ <key>LayoutInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Animate</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>circoMinDist</key>
+ <real>18</real>
+ <key>circoSeparation</key>
+ <real>0.0</real>
+ <key>layoutEngine</key>
+ <string>dot</string>
+ <key>neatoSeparation</key>
+ <real>0.0</real>
+ <key>twopiSeparation</key>
+ <real>0.0</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Orientation</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>PrintOnePage</key>
+ <false/>
+ <key>RowAlign</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>RowSpacing</key>
+ <real>36</real>
+ <key>SheetTitle</key>
+ <string>overview</string>
+ <key>UniqueID</key>
+ <integer>8</integer>
+ <key>VPages</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ActiveLayerIndex</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>AutoAdjust</key>
+ <true/>
+ <key>BackgroundGraphic</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{0, 0}, {806, 536}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>SolidGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>CanvasOrigin</key>
+ <string>{0, 0}</string>
+ <key>ColumnAlign</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>ColumnSpacing</key>
+ <real>36</real>
+ <key>DisplayScale</key>
+ <string>1.000 cm = 1.000 cm</string>
+ <key>GraphicsList</key>
+ <array>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{213.5, 180.82}, {67, 12}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>10</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>249</integer>
+ <key>Line</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>245</integer>
+ <key>Position</key>
+ <real>0.32363682985305786</real>
+ <key>RotationType</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 Helvetica;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc
+
+\f0\fs20 \cf0 what is Quoted}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{252.5, 215}, {28, 12}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>10</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>248</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 Helvetica;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc
+
+\f0\fs20 \cf0 Quote}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{472, 215}, {33, 12}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>10</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>247</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 Helvetica;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc
+
+\f0\fs20 \cf0 Quoted}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{559, 215}, {36, 12}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>10</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>246</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 Helvetica;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc
+
+\f0\fs20 \cf0 Quoting}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>240</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>4</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>245</integer>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
+ <true/>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
+ <string>{0, 0}</string>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
+ <real>-1</real>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{247, 242}</string>
+ <string>{338, 162.5}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>StickArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>4</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>240</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>244</integer>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
+ <true/>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
+ <string>{0, 0}</string>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
+ <real>-1</real>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{229.162, 242.775}</string>
+ <string>{338, 162.5}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>StickArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>4</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>14</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>36</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>13</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>243</integer>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
+ <true/>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
+ <string>{0, 0}</string>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
+ <real>-1</real>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{440, 162.5}</string>
+ <string>{512.281, 244.12}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>StickArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>240</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>3</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>36</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>14</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>242</integer>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
+ <true/>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
+ <string>{0, 0}</string>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
+ <real>-1</real>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{440, 162.5}</string>
+ <string>{557.162, 243.971}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>StickArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>240</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>3</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>232</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>3</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>241</integer>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
+ <true/>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
+ <string>{0, 0}</string>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
+ <real>-1</real>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{494, 260}</string>
+ <string>{440, 260}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>StickArrow</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>36</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>8</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{338, 140}, {102, 45}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>240</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Diamond</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Color</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 Helvetica;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc
+
+\f0\fs20 \cf0 was Quoted from}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>25</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>7</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>239</integer>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
+ <true/>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
+ <string>{0, 0}</string>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
+ <real>-1</real>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{751.375, 162.5}</string>
+ <string>{744.875, 260}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>StickArrow</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>225</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>3</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>235</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>3</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>238</integer>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
+ <true/>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
+ <string>{0, 0}</string>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
+ <real>-1</real>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{744.875, 269.483}</string>
+ <string>{760, 357.5}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>StickArrow</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>25</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>12</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>25</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>10</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>237</integer>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
+ <true/>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
+ <string>{0, 0}</string>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
+ <real>-1</real>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{658, 357.5}</string>
+ <string>{664.568, 269.362}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
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+ <key>TailArrow</key>
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+ </dict>
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+ </dict>
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+ <key>Class</key>
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+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
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+ <key>Info</key>
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+ <key>TailArrow</key>
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+ <dict>
+ <key>Color</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
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+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>StickArrow</string>
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+ <dict>
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+ <dict>
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+ <dict>
+ <key>Color</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
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+ <string>0.918478</string>
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+ </dict>
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+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
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+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
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+ <dict>
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+ <dict>
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+ </dict>
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+ <key>Class</key>
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+ <real>-1</real>
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+ <dict>
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+ <string>0.918478</string>
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+ <string>{-0.286232, 0.553804}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Color</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ </dict>
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+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
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+
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+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
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+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
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+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
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+ <key>Magnets</key>
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+ <string>{-1, -1}</string>
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+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
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+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-0.5, -0.233518}</string>
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+ <string>{0.27978, -0.478478}</string>
+ <string>{0.293938, 0.543044}</string>
+ <string>{-0.286232, 0.553804}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Color</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+
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+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
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+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{166, 242}, {81, 36}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>4</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{1, 1}</string>
+ <string>{1, -1}</string>
+ <string>{-1, -1}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-0.5, -0.233518}</string>
+ <string>{-0.491442, 0.260063}</string>
+ <string>{0.507118, -0.224086}</string>
+ <string>{0.507118, 0.267179}</string>
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+ <string>{0.27978, -0.478478}</string>
+ <string>{0.293938, 0.543044}</string>
+ <string>{-0.286232, 0.553804}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Color</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>b</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ <key>g</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ <key>r</key>
+ <string>0.918478</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 entity}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </array>
+ <key>GridInfo</key>
+ <dict/>
+ <key>HPages</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>KeepToScale</key>
+ <false/>
+ <key>Layers</key>
+ <array>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Lock</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Name</key>
+ <string>Layer 1</string>
+ <key>Print</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>View</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ </dict>
+ </array>
+ <key>LayoutInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Animate</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>circoMinDist</key>
+ <real>18</real>
+ <key>circoSeparation</key>
+ <real>0.0</real>
+ <key>layoutEngine</key>
+ <string>dot</string>
+ <key>neatoSeparation</key>
+ <real>0.0</real>
+ <key>twopiSeparation</key>
+ <real>0.0</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Orientation</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>PrintOnePage</key>
+ <false/>
+ <key>RowAlign</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>RowSpacing</key>
+ <real>36</real>
+ <key>SheetTitle</key>
+ <string>sec. 6</string>
+ <key>UniqueID</key>
+ <integer>9</integer>
+ <key>VPages</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ActiveLayerIndex</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>AutoAdjust</key>
+ <true/>
+ <key>BackgroundGraphic</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{0, 0}, {806, 536}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>SolidGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>CanvasOrigin</key>
+ <string>{0, 0}</string>
+ <key>ColumnAlign</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>ColumnSpacing</key>
+ <real>36</real>
+ <key>DisplayScale</key>
+ <string>1.000 cm = 1.000 cm</string>
+ <key>GraphicsList</key>
+ <array>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{505, 343}, {136.544, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>Vertical</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>289</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 wasRemovedFrom_key}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>271</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>288</integer>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarAutomatic</key>
+ <true/>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPoint</key>
+ <string>{0, 0}</string>
+ <key>OrthogonalBarPosition</key>
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+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{705.118, 269.5}</string>
+ <string>{477, 360}</string>
+ <string>{102.75, 256.5}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>285</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>276</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>287</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
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+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>285</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{537.456, 238}, {136.544, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>Vertical</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>286</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+
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+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{686.368, 232}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>285</integer>
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+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
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+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Circle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict/>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+
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+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{341.434, 238}, {125, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>Vertical</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>284</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+
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+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
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+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{363.176, 299}, {97.176, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>Vertical</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>283</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 wasAddedTo_key}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>280</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>3</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>282</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{487.588, 250.75}</string>
+ <string>{330.5, 310.937}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>276</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>279</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>3</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>281</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{487.588, 250.75}</string>
+ <string>{330.5, 250.75}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>276</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{293, 292.187}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>280</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Circle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict/>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 k\sub 2}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{293, 232}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>279</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Circle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict/>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
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+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 e\sub 2}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>269</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>278</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{487.588, 250.75}</string>
+ <string>{330.5, 180.75}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>276</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{174, 131.374}, {97.176, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>Vertical</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>277</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 wasAddedTo_coll}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{487.588, 232}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>276</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Circle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict/>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 c\sub 3}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{134, 162}, {125, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>Vertical</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>275</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 wasAddedTo_entity}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{151.912, 238}, {97.176, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>Vertical</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>274</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 wasAddedTo_key}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>271</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>3</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>273</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{293, 180.75}</string>
+ <string>{121.5, 237.75}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>269</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>270</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>3</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>272</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{293, 180.75}</string>
+ <string>{121.5, 180.75}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>269</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{84, 219}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>271</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Circle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict/>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 k\sub 1}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{84, 162}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>270</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Circle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict/>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 e\sub 1}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{293, 162}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>269</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Circle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict/>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 c\sub 2}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{384, 185.5}, {97.176, 14}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>Vertical</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>12</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>255</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs24 \cf0 wasAddedTo_coll}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{84, 98.874}, {37.5, 37.5}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>229</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Circle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict/>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 c\sub 1}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>Head</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>229</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>211</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{293, 180.75}</string>
+ <string>{121.5, 117.624}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>FilledArrow</string>
+ <key>LineType</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Tail</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>269</integer>
+ <key>Info</key>
+ <integer>4</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </array>
+ <key>GridInfo</key>
+ <dict/>
+ <key>HPages</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>KeepToScale</key>
+ <false/>
+ <key>Layers</key>
+ <array>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Lock</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>Name</key>
+ <string>Layer 1</string>
+ <key>Print</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>View</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ </dict>
+ </array>
+ <key>LayoutInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Animate</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ <key>circoMinDist</key>
+ <real>18</real>
+ <key>circoSeparation</key>
+ <real>0.0</real>
+ <key>layoutEngine</key>
+ <string>dot</string>
+ <key>neatoSeparation</key>
+ <real>0.0</real>
+ <key>twopiSeparation</key>
+ <real>0.0</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Orientation</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>PrintOnePage</key>
+ <false/>
+ <key>RowAlign</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>RowSpacing</key>
+ <real>36</real>
+ <key>SheetTitle</key>
+ <string>collections example</string>
+ <key>UniqueID</key>
+ <integer>7</integer>
+ <key>VPages</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>ActiveLayerIndex</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>AutoAdjust</key>
+ <true/>
+ <key>BackgroundGraphic</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{0, 0}, {1612, 536}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>SolidGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>CanvasOrigin</key>
+ <string>{0, 0}</string>
+ <key>ColumnAlign</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>ColumnSpacing</key>
+ <real>36</real>
+ <key>DisplayScale</key>
+ <string>1.000 cm = 1.000 cm</string>
+ <key>GraphicsList</key>
+ <array>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{563, 63}, {18, 16}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>10</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>53</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 (b)}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{683, 304}, {242, 76}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>10</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>52</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Align</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\ql\qnatural\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 assertions:\
+1. viewOf(e1,e3) valid in [ev\sub 2\nosupersub , ev\sub 3\nosupersub ],\
+2. viewOf(e3,e2) valid in [ev\sub 4\nosupersub , ev\sub 5\nosupersub ]\
+but viewOf(e1,e2) is meaningless}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{897.5, 258}, {23, 22}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>10</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>51</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 ev\sub 6}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{820, 258}, {23, 22}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>10</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>50</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 ev\sub 5}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{783, 258}, {23, 22}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>10</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>49</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 ev\sub 4}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{739, 258}, {23, 22}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>10</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>48</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 ev\sub 3}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{685, 258}, {23, 22}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>10</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>47</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 ev\sub 2}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{658, 258}, {23, 22}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>10</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>46</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 ev\sub 1}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>45</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{909, 253}</string>
+ <string>{909, 63}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>44</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{830, 253}</string>
+ <string>{830, 63}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>43</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{792, 253}</string>
+ <string>{792, 63}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>42</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{753, 253}</string>
+ <string>{753, 63}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>41</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{696, 253}</string>
+ <string>{696, 63}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>40</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{669, 253}</string>
+ <string>{669, 63}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{697, 188.5}, {133, 31}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>39</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{1, 1}</string>
+ <string>{1, -1}</string>
+ <string>{-1, -1}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-0.5, -0.233518}</string>
+ <string>{-0.491442, 0.260063}</string>
+ <string>{0.507118, -0.224086}</string>
+ <string>{0.507118, 0.267179}</string>
+ <string>{-0.27431, -0.474028}</string>
+ <string>{0.27978, -0.478478}</string>
+ <string>{0.293938, 0.543044}</string>
+ <string>{-0.286232, 0.553804}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>w</key>
+ <string>0.666667</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>MiddleFraction</key>
+ <real>0.6904761791229248</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{792, 143.5}, {117, 31}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>38</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{1, 1}</string>
+ <string>{1, -1}</string>
+ <string>{-1, -1}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-0.5, -0.233518}</string>
+ <string>{-0.491442, 0.260063}</string>
+ <string>{0.507118, -0.224086}</string>
+ <string>{0.507118, 0.267179}</string>
+ <string>{-0.27431, -0.474028}</string>
+ <string>{0.27978, -0.478478}</string>
+ <string>{0.293938, 0.543044}</string>
+ <string>{-0.286232, 0.553804}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>w</key>
+ <string>0.666667</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>MiddleFraction</key>
+ <real>0.6904761791229248</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{669, 101}, {84, 31}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>37</integer>
+ <key>Magnets</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{1, 1}</string>
+ <string>{1, -1}</string>
+ <string>{-1, -1}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, 1}</string>
+ <string>{0, -1}</string>
+ <string>{1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-1, 0}</string>
+ <string>{-0.5, -0.233518}</string>
+ <string>{-0.491442, 0.260063}</string>
+ <string>{0.507118, -0.224086}</string>
+ <string>{0.507118, 0.267179}</string>
+ <string>{-0.27431, -0.474028}</string>
+ <string>{0.27978, -0.478478}</string>
+ <string>{0.293938, 0.543044}</string>
+ <string>{-0.286232, 0.553804}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>Rectangle</string>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>FillType</key>
+ <integer>2</integer>
+ <key>GradientAngle</key>
+ <real>90</real>
+ <key>GradientColor</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>w</key>
+ <string>0.666667</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>MiddleFraction</key>
+ <real>0.6904761791229248</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>36</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{647, 218.5}</string>
+ <string>{978, 218.5}</string>
+ <string>{872, 218.5}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>35</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{647, 174.5}</string>
+ <string>{978, 174.5}</string>
+ <string>{872, 174.5}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{612, 210}, {16, 22}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>10</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>34</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 e\sub 3}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{612, 164}, {16, 22}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>10</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>33</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 e\sub 2}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>32</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{647, 132}</string>
+ <string>{978, 132}</string>
+ <string>{872, 132}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{612, 118}, {16, 22}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>10</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>31</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 e\sub 1}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{39, 62}, {18, 16}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>10</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>30</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 (a)}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{159, 303}, {242, 82}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>10</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>29</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Align</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\ql\qnatural\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 assertions:\
+1. viewOf(e1,e2) valid in [ev\sub 3\nosupersub , ev\sub 5\nosupersub ],\
+2. viewOf(e2,e3) valid in [ev\sub 3\nosupersub , ev\sub 4\nosupersub ]\
+=> viewOf(e1,e3) valid in [ev\sub 2\nosupersub , ev\sub 4\nosupersub ]}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{373.5, 257}, {23, 22}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>10</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>28</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 ev\sub 6}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{314, 257}, {23, 22}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>10</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>27</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 ev\sub 5}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{277, 257}, {23, 22}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>10</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>26</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 ev\sub 4}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{206, 257}, {23, 22}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>10</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>25</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 ev\sub 3}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{161, 257}, {23, 22}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>10</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>24</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 ev\sub 2}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Bounds</key>
+ <string>{{134, 257}, {23, 22}}</string>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>ShapedGraphic</string>
+ <key>FitText</key>
+ <string>YES</string>
+ <key>Flow</key>
+ <string>Resize</string>
+ <key>FontInfo</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Font</key>
+ <string>ArialMT</string>
+ <key>Size</key>
+ <real>10</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>23</integer>
+ <key>Shape</key>
+ <string>AdjustableArrow</string>
+ <key>ShapeData</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>width</key>
+ <real>3</real>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>fill</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>shadow</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Draws</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Pad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Text</key>
+ <string>{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360
+{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 ArialMT;}
+{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;}
+\pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qc\pardirnatural
+
+\f0\fs28 \cf0 ev\sub 1}</string>
+ <key>VerticalPad</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ </dict>
+ <key>Wrap</key>
+ <string>NO</string>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>22</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{385, 252}</string>
+ <string>{385, 62}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>21</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{325, 252}</string>
+ <string>{325, 62}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>20</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{289, 252}</string>
+ <string>{289, 62}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>19</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{217, 252}</string>
+ <string>{217, 62}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>18</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
+ <string>{172, 252}</string>
+ <string>{172, 62}</string>
+ </array>
+ <key>Style</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>stroke</key>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Cap</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>HeadArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ <key>Join</key>
+ <integer>0</integer>
+ <key>Pattern</key>
+ <integer>1</integer>
+ <key>TailArrow</key>
+ <string>0</string>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ </dict>
+ <dict>
+ <key>Class</key>
+ <string>LineGraphic</string>
+ <key>ID</key>
+ <integer>17</integer>
+ <key>Points</key>
+ <array>
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--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/old/prov-asn.html Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,1172 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+
+<html><head>
+ <title>PROV-DM Part 3: PROV-ASN: The Provenance Abstract Syntax Notation</title>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
+ <!--
+ === NOTA BENE ===
+ For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
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+ </style>
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+
+ <script class="remove">
+ function updateGlossaryRefs() {
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+ function glossary_include(doc, content) {
+ window.setTimeout(updateGlossaryRefs, 1000);
+ return content;
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+ </script>
+
+ <script class="remove">
+ var addExtraReferences = function() {
+ for (var k in extraReferences)
+ berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
+ };
+ var extraReferences = {
+ "CLOCK":
+ "Lamport, L. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
+ "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
+ "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
+ "CSP":
+ "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
+ "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
+ "Logic":
+ "W. E. Johnson"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
+ "1924. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
+
+
+
+ "PROV-RDF":
+ "James Cheney"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF\"><cite>PROV-RDF Mapping </cite></a>"+
+ "2012, Working in Progress. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF</a>",
+
+ "PROV-XML":
+ "James Cheney"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvXML\"><cite>PROV-XML Mapping </cite></a>"+
+ "2012, Working in Progress. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvXML\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvXML</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-DM":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\"><cite>PROV-DM Constraints</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-SEM":
+ "James Cheney "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Work in progress. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
+
+ "PROV-PRIMER":
+ "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-O":
+ "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-AQ":
+ "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
+ };
+ var respecConfig = {
+ // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
+ specStatus: "ED",
+
+ // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
+ shortName: "prov-dm",
+
+ // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
+ // formal title, define it here
+ //subtitle : "Some speculative write-ups, for discussion before integration in the data model",
+
+ // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
+ // publishDate: "2011-10-18",
+
+ // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
+ // the start date here:
+ // copyrightStart: "2005"
+
+ // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
+ // and its maturity status
+ //previousPublishDate: "2011-12-15",
+ //previousMaturity: "WD",
+
+ // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
+ edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/working-copy/prov-asn.html",
+
+ // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
+ // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
+
+ // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
+ // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
+ extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "./extra.css"],
+
+ // editors, add as many as you like
+ // only "name" is required
+ editors: [
+ { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
+ company: "University of Southampton" },
+ { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
+ company: "Newcastle University" },
+ ],
+
+ // authors, add as many as you like.
+ // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
+ // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
+
+
+ // name of the WG
+ wg: "Provenance Working Group",
+
+ // URI of the public WG page
+ wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
+
+ // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
+ wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
+
+ // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
+ // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
+ // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
+ // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
+ // Team Contact.
+ wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
+
+ // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
+ preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
+ };
+ </script>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+
+ <section id="abstract">
+<p>
+<b>Editors' working copy can change at any time. </b>
+</p>
+ </section>
+
+<section id="sotd">
+<b>Editors' working copy can change at any time. </b>
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="introduction">
+<h2>Introduction</h2>
+
+<p> Provenance is defined as a record that describes the people,
+institutions, entities, and activities, involved in producing,
+influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a thing in the world. Two
+companion specifications respectively define PROV-DM, a data model for
+provenance, allowing such descriptions to be expressed [[PROV-DM]] and a set of constraints that provenance descriptions are expectively to satisfy [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]].
+</p>
+
+
+<p>In this context, PROV-ASN was introduced as a notation to write instances of the data model, as close to its abstract syntax as possible. PROV-ASN is primarily aimed at human consumption. PROV-ASN allows
+serializations of PROV-DM instances to be written in a technology independent manner.
+So far, PROV-ASN has been used in the following ways:</p>
+<ul>
+<li> PROV-ASN is used to provide technology independent illustrations in [[PROV-DM]] and in the definition of PROV-DM constraints [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]];</li>
+<li> PROV-ASN is instrumental in defining the mapping mapping of PROV-DM to concrete syntaxes. Mappings translate each PROV-ASN expression to RDF [[PROV-RDF]] and to XML [[PROV-XML]];</li>
+<li> PROV-ASN is the basis for a
+formal semantics, in which each PROV-ASN expression is provided with an interpretation [[PROV-SEM]].
+</ul>
+
+<p>PROV-ASN was designed to be as close as possible to PROV-DM without the syntactic bias and modelling constraints that concrete technologies bring with them, e.g., XML's choice between attribute and element, RDF's reliance on triples, or JSON's usage of dictionaries. </p>
+
+<p>The purpose of this document is solely to define the syntax of PROV-ASN.
+For each construct of PROV-DM, a corresponding ASN expression is introduced, by way of a production in the PROV-ASN grammar presented in this document. </p>
+
+
+<p>This specification is one of several specifications, referred to as the PROV family of specifications, defining the various aspects
+that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable exchange of provenance:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>A data model for provenance, which is presented in three documents:
+<ul>
+<li> PROV-DM (part I): the provenance data model itself, expressed in natural language [[PROV-DM]];
+<li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS (part II): constraints underpinning the data model [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]];
+<li> PROV-ASN (part III): a notation to express instances of that data model for human consumption (this document);
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>PROV-O: a normative serialization of PROV-DM in RDF [[!PROV-O]], specified by means of a mapping to the OWL2 Web Ontology Language [[!OWL2-SYNTAX]];</li>
+<li>PROV-AQ: the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [[PROV-AQ]];</li>
+<li>PROV-PRIMER: a primer for the PROV approach [[PROV-PRIMER]];</li>
+<li>PROV-SEM: semantics of the PROV-DM data model [[PROV-SEM]];</li>
+</ul>
+
+ <section id="structure-of-this-document">
+<h3>Structure of this Document</h3>
+
+<div class='note'>TODO</div>
+
+
+ </section>
+
+
+<section id="prov-dm-namespace">
+ <h3>PROV-DM Namespace</h3>
+
+
+<p>The PROV-DM namespace is <span class="name">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-dm/</span> (TBC).</p>
+
+<p> All the elements, relations, reserved names and attributes introduced in this specification belong to the PROV-DM namespace.</p>
+
+<div class="issue">
+There is a desire to use a single namespace that all specifications of the PROV family can share to refer to common provenance terms. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/224">ISSUE-224</a>.
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+ <section id="conventions">
+<h3>Conventions</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
+ NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
+ "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
+ [[!RFC2119]].</p>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+ <section id="grammar-notation">
+<h3>Grammar Notation</h3>
+
+<p>This specification includes a grammar for PROV-ASN expressed using the Extended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF) notation.</p>
+
+<div class="grammar">
+<p> Each production rule (or <dfn>production</dfn>, for short) in the grammar defines one non-terminal symbol, in the form:</p>
+<p>
+<span class="nonterminal">E</span> ::= <em>expression</em>
+</p>
+
+
+Within the expression on the right-hand side of a rule, the following expressions are used to match strings of one or more characters:
+<ul>
+<li>
+<span class="nonterminal">E</span>: matches term satisfying rule for symbol E.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<span class="name">abc</span>: matches the literal string inside the single quotes.
+</li>
+
+
+<li>
+<span class="optional"><em>expression</em></span>: matches <em>expression</em> or nothing; optional <em>expression</em>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<span class="plus"><em>expression</em></span>: matches one or more occurrences of <em>expression</em>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<span class="star"><em>expression</em></span>: matches zero or more occurrences of <em>expression</em>.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="data-model-concepts">
+
+<h2>PROV-DM Core</h2>
+
+<p>Instances of the PROV-DM data model are expressed in PROV-ASN by a text conformant with the toplevel <a>production</a> <span class="nonterminal">expression</span> of the grammar. These <span
+class="nonterminal">expression</span>s are grouped in two categories:
+<span class="nonterminal">elementExpression</span> (see section <a href="#expression-element">Element</a>) and
+<span class="nonterminal">relationExpression</span> (see section <a href="#expression-relation">Relation</a>).</p>
+
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">expression</span> ::=
+<span class="nonterminal">elementExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">relationExpression</span>
+<br/>
+<!-- -->
+<br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">elementExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="nonterminal">entityExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">activityExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">agentExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">noteExpression</span> <br/>
+<!-- -->
+<br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">relationExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="nonterminal">generationExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">usageExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">derivationExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">activityAssociationExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">responsibilityExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">startExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">endExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">alternateExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">specializationExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">annotationExpression</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<section id="expression-element">
+<h3>Element</h3>
+
+<p>PROV-DM elements can be entities, activities, agents, or notes. This section defines a production for the textual representation of each of these element types. </p>
+
+ <section id="expression-Entity">
+
+<h4>Entity</h4>
+
+
+<div class="withAsn">
+<p>
+An entity's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">entityExpression</span> production.
+</p>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">entityExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">entity</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span><br/><br/>
+<!-- -->
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span> ::=
+<span class="optional"><span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="name">[</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">]</span>
+</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">attribute-values</span> ::=
+<span class="nonterminal">attribute-value</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">attribute-value</span> <span class="name">,</span> <span class="nonterminal">attribute-values</span>
+<br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">attribute-value</span> ::=
+<span class="nonterminal">attribute</span>
+<span class="name">=</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">Literal</span>
+<br/>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215)
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document" ])
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version=2 ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="expression-Activity">
+
+<h3>Activity</h3>
+
+
+<div class="withAsn">
+<p>An activity's text matches the <span class='nonterminal'>activityExpression</span> production.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">activityExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">activity</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="optional"><span class="nonterminal">time</span></span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="optional"><span class="nonterminal">time</span></span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(ex:edit1,,)
+activity(ex:edit1,,,[prov:type="edit"])
+activity(ex:a0, 2011-11-16T16:00:00,,[prov:type="createFile"])
+activity(ex:a0, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, 2011-11-16T16:00:01, [prov:type="createFile"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="expression-Agent">
+<h3>Agent</h3>
+
+
+<div class="withAsn">
+<p>An agent's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">agentExpression</span> production.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">agentExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">agent</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+agent(ag4)
+agent(ag4, [ prov:type="prov:Human" %% xsd:QName, ex:name="David" ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+ <section id="expression-note">
+
+<h4>Note</h4>
+
+<div class="withAsn">
+<p>A note's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">noteExpression</span> production.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">noteExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">note</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span><br/>
+<!-- -->
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+note(ann1,[ex:color="blue", ex:screenX=20, ex:screenY=30])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="expression-relation">
+<h3>Relation</h3>
+
+<p>
+PROV-DM relations can be generation, usage, derivation, activity association, responsibility chain, activity start, activity end, alternate, specialization, or annotations. This section defines a production for the textual representation of each of these relation types. </p>
+
+
+
+<section id="expression-Generation">
+<h4>Generation</h4>
+
+
+<div class="withAsn">
+<p>A generation's text matches the <span class='nonterminal'>generationExpression</span> production.</p>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">generationExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional"> <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="optional"><span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span></span>
+<span class="optional"><span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">time</span></span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span><br/>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1)
+wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasGeneratedBy(ex:g1, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1)
+wasGeneratedBy(e2, a1, [ex:fct="save"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="expression-Usage">
+<h3>Usage</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>A usage's text matches the <span class='nonterminal'>usageExpression</span> production.</p>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">usageExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">used</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">
+<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="optional">
+<span class="name">,</span>
+ <span class="nonterminal">time</span>
+</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span><br/>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+used(ex:pub2, ar3:0111)
+used(ex:pub2, ar3:0111, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+used(ex:u1, ex:pub2, ar3:0111)
+used(a1,e1,[ex:fct="load"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="expression-ActivityAssociation">
+<h4>Activity Association</h4>
+
+
+<p>An activity association's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">activityAssociationExpression</span> productions of the grammar defined in this specification
+document.</p>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">activityAssociationExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">wasAssociatedWith</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional"><span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>,
+<span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span>
+<span class="optional">,<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span></span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:pub2, w3:Consortium)
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:pub2, w3:Consortium @ pr:rec-advance)
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:pub2, w3:Consortium @ pr:rec-advance, [prov:role="funder"])
+</pre>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="expression-Start-End">
+<h4>Activity Start and End</h4>
+
+
+<p>Activity start and end texts match the <span class="nonterminal">startExpression</span> and <span class="nonterminal">endExpression</span> productions of the grammar defined in this
+specification document.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">startExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional"> <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>,
+<span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">endExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">wasEndedBy</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional"> <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>,
+<span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="expression-responsibility">
+
+<h4>Responsibility Chain</h4>
+
+
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">responsibilityExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional"> <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="optional"><span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span></span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag1,ag2)
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag1,ag2,a)
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag1,ag2,[prov:type="delegation"])
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag2,ag3,a,[prov:type="contract"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="Derivation-Relation">
+<h4>Derivation</h4>
+
+
+
+<p>A derivation record's text matches the <span class='nonterminal'>derivationExpression</span> production.</p>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">derivationExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">wasDerivedFrom</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional"> <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">gIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">uIdentifier</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span><br/>
+|
+<span class="name">wasDerivedFrom</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional"> <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="optional"><span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">time</span></span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+<p>
+The first clause of the alternative, where the activity, generation and usage record identifiers are present formalizes a derivation record is precise-1. The second clause of the alternative, with optional time formalizes imprecise records. The distinction between imprecise-1 and imprecise-n is made by the
+attribute <span class="name">prov:steps</span>.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasDerivedFrom(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018)
+wasDerivedFrom(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<!--
+<p>In PROV-DM, the effective placeholder for an entity generation time is the <a>generation record</a>. The presence of
+time information in imprecise derivation records is merely a convenience notation for a timeless derivation record and a generation record with this generation time information. </p>
+
+<div class='syntax' id="derivation-time-elimination">
+<span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,t,attrs)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following records also hold:
+<span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,attrs)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,t)</span>.
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class='pending'>Should derivation have a time? Which time? This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/43">ISSUE-43</a>.<em>This is now addressed in this text. Optional time in derivation is generation time. See also <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/205">ISSUE-205</a>.</em></div>
+
+-->
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="expression-alternate-specialization">
+
+<h4>Alternate and Specialization</h4>
+
+
+
+<p>An alternate relation's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">alternateExpression</span> production.</p>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+ <span class="nonterminal">alternateExpression</span> ::=
+ <span class="name">alternateOf</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+alternateOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex:alternate-20111215)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>A specialization relation's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">specializationExpression</span>production.</p>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+ <span class="nonterminal">specializationExpression</span> ::=
+ <span class="name">specializationOf</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+specializationOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,tr:prov-dm)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="expression-annotation">
+<h4>Annotation</h4>
+
+
+<p>A note's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">noteExpression</span> production.
+</p>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">annotationExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">hasAnnotation</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">nIdentifier</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+hasAnnotation(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex2:n1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+</section>
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="subexpressions">
+<h3>Further Expressions</h3>
+
+This section defines further expressions of PROV-ASN.
+
+
+<section id="expression-NamespaceDeclaration">
+<h3>Namespace Declaration</h3>
+
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclarations</span> ::=
+ | <span class="group"><span class="nonterminal">defaultNamespaceDeclaration</span> | <span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclaration</span></span> <span class="star"> <span
+class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclaration</span></span><br>
+<span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclaration</span> ::=
+<span class="name">prefix</span> <span class="nonterminal">prefix</span> <span class="nonterminal">IRI</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">defaultNamespaceDeclaration</span> ::=
+ <span class="name">default</span> <span class="nonterminal">IRI</span> <br/>
+</div>
+
+<p>In PROV-ASN, the prefix <span class="name">prov</span> is reserved and denotes the PROV namespace.</p>
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="expression-identifier">
+<h4>Identifier</h4>
+
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">qualifiedName</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote an entity)</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote an activity)</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote an agent)</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">gIdentifier</span>::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote a generation)</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">uIdentifier</span>::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote a usage)</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">nIdentifier</span>::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote a note)</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">accIdentifier</span>::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote an account)</em>
+<br/>
+<br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">qualifiedName</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">prefixedName</span> | <span class="nonterminal">unprefixedName</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">prefixedName</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">prefix</span> <span class="name">:</span> <span class="nonterminal">localPart</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">unprefixedName</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">localPart</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">prefix</span> ::= <em>a name without colon compatible with the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/#NT-NCName">NC_NAME</a> production
+[[!XML-NAMES]]</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">localPart</span> ::= <em>a name without colon compatible with the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/#NT-NCName">NC_NAME</a> production
+[[!XML-NAMES]]</em>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="note">Note that XML NC_NAME don't allow local identifiers to start with a number. Instead, should we use the productions used in SPARQL or TURTLE?</div>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="expression-attribute">
+<h4>Attribute</h4>
+
+
+<p>An attribute's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">attribute</span> production.</p>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">attribute</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">qualifiedName</span><br/>
+</div>
+
+<p>The reserved attributes in the PROV namespace are the following.</p>
+
+<ol>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:label</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:location</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:role</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:steps</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:type</span>
+</ol>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="expression-literal">
+<h4>Literal</h4>
+
+<p>A Literal's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">Literal</span> production.</p>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">Literal</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">typedLiteral</span> | <span class="nonterminal">convenienceNotation</span> <br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">typedLiteral</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">quotedString</span> <span class="name">%%</span> <span class="nonterminal">datatype</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">datatype</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">qualifiedName</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">convenienceNotation</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">stringLiteral</span> | <span class="nonterminal">intLiteral</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">stringLiteral</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">quotedString</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">quotedString</span> ::= <em>a finite sequence of characters in which " (U+22) and \ (U+5C) occur only in pairs of the form \" (U+5C, U+22) and \\ (U+5C,
+U+5C), enclosed in a pair of " (U+22) characters</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">intLiteral</span> ::= <em>a finite-length sequence of decimal digits (#x30-#x39) with an optional leading negative sign (-)</em>
+</div>
+
+<p>The non terminals <span class="nonterminal">stringLiteral</span> and
+<span class="nonterminal">intLiteral</span>
+are syntactic sugar for quoted strings with datatype <span class="name">xsd:string</span> and <span class="name">xsd:int</span>, respectively.
+</p>
+
+<p> In particular, a PROV-DM Literal may be an IRI-typed string (with datatype <span class="name">xsd:anyURI</span>); such IRI has no specific interpretation in the context of PROV-DM.</p>
+
+<section id="expression-types">
+<h4>Reserved Type Values</h4>
+
+<p>The reserved type values in the PROV namespace are the following.</p>
+
+<ol>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:AccountEntity</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:ComputingSystem</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:Human</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:Organization</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:Plan</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:Collection</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:EmptyCollection</span>
+</ol>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="expression-Time">
+<h4>Time Values</h4>
+
+<p><dfn id="dfn-time">Time instants</dfn> are defined according to xsd:dateTime [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]].</p>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+</section>
+
+<section id="common-relations">
+<h2>Common Relations</h2>
+
+<div class="note">
+TO ADD
+</div>
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="ExpressionContainer">
+<h4>Expression Container</h4>
+
+<p>An <dfn id="dfn-ExpressionContainer">expression container</dfn> is a house-keeping construct of PROV-ASN capable of packaging up PROV-ASN <a title="expression">expressions</a> and namespace declarations. An expression container forms a self-contained package of provenance descriptions for the purpose of <em>exchanging</em> them. An expression container may be used
+ to package up PROV-ASN <a title="record">expressions</a> in response to a request for the provenance of something ([[PROV-AQ]]).</p>
+
+<p> Given its status of house keeping construct for the purpose of exchanging provenance expressions, an expression container is not defined as a PROV-ASN expression (<a href="#data-model-concepts">production <span class="nonterminal">expression</span></a>).</p>
+
+
+<p>An expression container, written <span class="name">container decls exprs endContainer</span> in PROV-ASN, contains:
+<ul>
+<li><em>namespaceDeclarations</em>: a set <span class="name">decls</span> of namespace declarations, declaring namespaces and associated prefixes, which can be used in <a
+title="attribute">attributes</a> and <a title="identifier">identifiers</a> occurring inside <span class="name">exprs</span>;</li>
+<li><em>expressions</em>: a non-empty set of expressions <span class="name">exprs</span>.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>An expression container's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">expressionContainer</span> production.</p>
+
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">expressionContainer</span> ::=
+<span class="name">container</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclarations</span>
+<span class="plus"> <span class="nonterminal">expression</span> </span>
+<span class="name">endContainer</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following container contains expressions related to the provenance of entity
+<span class="name">e2</span>.
+</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+container
+
+ prefix ex: http://example.org/,
+
+ entity(e2, [ prov:type="File", ex:path="/shared/crime.txt", ex:creator="Alice",
+ ex:content="There was a lot of crime in London last month."])
+ activity(a1, 2011-11-16T16:05:00,,[prov:type="edit"])
+ wasGeneratedBy(e2, a1, [ex:fct="save"])
+ wasAssociatedWith(a1, ag2, [prov:role="author"])
+ agent(ag2, [ prov:type="prov:Person" %% xsd:QName, ex:name="Bob" ])
+
+endContainer
+</pre>
+<p>This container could for instance be returned as the result of a query to a provenance store for the provenance of entity <span class="name">e2</span> [[PROV-AQ]].
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class='issue'>
+Clarify what records are. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/208">ISSUE-208</a>. </div>
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="account">
+<h3>Account</h3>
+
+<p>PROV-DM has introduced a notion of account by which a set of provenance descriptions can be bundled up and named. PROV-DM <em>assumes</em> the existence of mechanisms to implement accounts, but such mechanisms remain outside its scope. It is suggested that specific serializations may offer solutions to name bundles of descriptions. </p>
+
+<p>Given that the primary motivation for PROV-ASN is to provide a notation aimed at human consumption, it is therefore appropriate to introduce a notation for accounts, which would include an account name and a bundle of expressions.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>An account, written <span class="name">account(id, exprs)</span> in PROV-ASN, contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>id</em>: an identifier <span class="name">id</span> that identifies this account;</li>
+<li><em>expressions</em>: a set <span class="name">exprs</span> of expressions;</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>In PROV-ASN, an account's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">accountExpression</span> production of the grammar.</p>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">accountExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">account</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="plus">
+<span class="nonterminal">expression</span> </span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>It is also useful to package up one or more account expressions in an expression container, for interchange purpose. Hence, <span class="nonterminal">expressionContainer</span> is revised as follows. </p>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">expressionContainer</span> ::=
+<span class="name">container</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclarations</span>
+<span class="plus"> <span class="nonterminal">expression</span> </span>
+<span class="name">endContainer</span> <br/>
+| <span class="name">container</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclarations</span>
+<span class="plus"> <span class="nonterminal">accountExpression</span> </span>
+<span class="name">endContainer</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following container </p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+container
+ prefix ex: http://example.org/,
+
+ account(ex:acc1,...)
+ account(ex:acc2,...)
+endContainer
+</pre>
+<p> illustrates how two accounts with identifiers <span class="name">ex:acc1</span> and <span class="name">ex:acc2</span> can be returned in a PROV-ASN serialization of the provenance of
+something.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following container </p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+container
+ prefix ex: http://example.org/,
+ ...
+
+ account(ex:acc1,
+ entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+ entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+ ...
+ wasAssociatedWith(ex:pub2, w3:Consortium @ pr:rec-advance))
+
+ account(ex:acc2,
+ entity(ex:acc1, [prov:type="prov:AccountEntity" %% xsd:QName ])
+ wasAttributedTo(ex1:acc1,w3:Consortium))
+
+endContainer
+</pre>
+<p> illustrates a first account, with identifier <span class="name">ex:acc1</span>, containing expressions describing the provenance of the technical report <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>, and a second account <span class="name">ex:acc2</span>, describing the provenance of the first. In account <span class="name">ex:acc2</span>, <span class="name">ex:acc1</span> is the identifier of an entity of type <span class="name">prov:AccountEntity</span>.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- no longer necessary to say that.
+
+<p>All the records in <span class="name">recs</span> are implictly wrapped in a default account, scoping all the record identifiers they declare directly, and constituting a toplevel
+account, in the hierarchy of accounts. Consequently, every provenance record is always expressed in the context of an account, either explicitly in an asserted account, or implicitly in a
+container's default account.</p>
+
+-->
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+ </body></html>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/old/prov-dm-constraints.html Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,1864 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+
+<html><head>
+ <title>PROV-DM Part II: Constraints of the Provenance Data Model</title>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
+ <!--
+ === NOTA BENE ===
+ For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
+ out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
+ -->
+<!-- PM -->
+ <style type="text/css">
+ .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
+ </style>
+
+ <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
+
+ <script class="remove">
+ var addExtraReferences = function() {
+ for (var k in extraReferences)
+ berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
+ };
+ var extraReferences = {
+ "CLOCK":
+ "Lamport, L. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
+ "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
+ "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
+ "CSP":
+ "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
+ "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
+ "Logic":
+ "W. E. Johnson"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
+ "1924. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
+ "PROV-SEM":
+ "James Cheney "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Work in progress. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
+
+ "PROV-PRIMER":
+ "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-DM":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-ASN":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\"><cite>PROV-ASN ....</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-O":
+ "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-AQ":
+ "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
+ };
+ var respecConfig = {
+ // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
+ specStatus: "ED",
+
+ // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
+ shortName: "prov-dm-constraints",
+
+ // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
+ // formal title, define it here
+ //subtitle : "Initial draft (WD4) for internal discussion",
+
+ // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
+ //publishDate: "2012-02-01",
+
+ // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
+ // the start date here:
+ copyrightStart: "2011",
+
+ // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
+ // and its maturity status
+ previousPublishDate: "2012-02-02",
+ previousMaturity: "WD",
+
+ // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
+ edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/working-copy/prov-dm-constraints.html",
+
+ // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
+ // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
+
+ // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
+ // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
+ extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "./extra.css"],
+
+ // editors, add as many as you like
+ // only "name" is required
+ editors: [
+ { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
+ company: "University of Southampton" },
+ { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
+ company: "Newcastle University" },
+ ],
+
+ // authors, add as many as you like.
+ // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
+ // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
+
+ //authors: ,
+
+ // name of the WG
+ wg: "Provenance Working Group",
+
+ // URI of the public WG page
+ wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
+
+ // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
+ wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
+
+ // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
+ // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
+ // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
+ // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
+ // Team Contact.
+ wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
+
+ // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
+ preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
+ };
+ </script>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+
+ <section id="abstract">
+<p>
+<b>Editors' working copy can change at any time. </b>
+</p>
+ </section>
+
+<section id="sotd">
+<b>Editors' working copy can change at any time. </b>
+</section>
+
+
+<div class="buttonpanel">
+<form action="#"><p>
+<input id="hide-bnf" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','grammar','none'); set_display_by_id('hide-bnf','none'); set_display_by_id('show-bnf','');" type="button" value="Hide Grammar" />
+<input id="show-bnf" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','grammar',''); set_display_by_id('hide-bnf',''); set_display_by_id('show-bnf','none');" style="display: none" type="button"
+value="Show Grammar" />
+<input id="hide-examples" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','anexample','none'); set_display_by_id('hide-examples','none'); set_display_by_id('show-examples','');" type="button"
+value="Hide Examples" />
+<input id="show-examples" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','anexample',''); set_display_by_id('hide-examples',''); set_display_by_id('show-examples','none');" style="display: none"
+type="button" value="Show Examples" />
+</p>
+</form>
+</div>
+
+
+ <section id="introduction">
+ <h2>Introduction<br>
+</h2>
+
+<p> Provenance is defined as a record that describes the people,
+institutions, entities, and activities, involved in producing,
+influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a thing in the world. A
+companion specification [[PROV-DM]] defines PROV-DM, a data model for
+provenance, allowing such descriptions to be expressed.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>PROV-DM has essentially be defined without any constraints [[PROV-DM]]. This document introduces a further set of concepts underpinning this data model and defines constraints that well-structured provenance descriptions should follow and that provide an interpretation for these descriptions. </p>
+
+
+<p>This specification is one of several specifications, referred to as the PROV family of specifications, defining the various aspects
+that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable exchange of provenance:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>A data model for provenance, which is presented in three documents:
+<ul>
+<li> PROV-DM (part I): the provenance data model itself, expressed in natural language [[PROV-DM]];
+<li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS (part II): constraints underpinning the data model (this document);
+<li> PROV-ASN (part III): a notation to express instances of that data model for human consumption [[PROV-ASN]];
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>PROV-O: a normative serialization of PROV-DM in RDF [[!PROV-O]], specified by means of a mapping to the OWL2 Web Ontology Language [[!OWL2-SYNTAX]];</li>
+<li>PROV-AQ: the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [[PROV-AQ]];</li>
+<li>PROV-PRIMER: a primer for the PROV approach [[PROV-PRIMER]];</li>
+<li>PROV-SEM: semantics of the PROV-DM data model [[PROV-SEM]];</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+ <section id="structure-of-this-document">
+<h3>Structure of this Document</h3>
+
+<div class='note'>TODO</div>
+
+<p>In <a href="#prov-dm-refinement">section 2</a>, further concepts underpinning PROV-DM are introduced.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#data-model-constraints">Section 3</a></p>
+
+
+<p><a href="#definitional-constraints">Section 4</a></p>
+
+<p><a href="#account-constraints">Section 5</a>
+</p>
+
+<p><a href="#interpretation">Section 6</a></p>
+<p><a href="#structural-constraints">Section 7</a></p>
+<p><a href="#collection-constraints">Section 8</a></p>
+<p><a href="#refining-provenance-descriptions">Section 9</a> successively review refined provenance descriptions, and examine their meaning, in light of the constraints introduced in previous sections. </p>
+
+
+
+ </section>
+
+
+
+ <section id="conventions">
+<h3>Conventions</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
+ NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
+ "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
+ [[!RFC2119]].</p>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id='prov-dm-refinement'>
+<h2>Data Model Refinement</h2>
+
+<p>Underpinning the PROV-DM data model is a notion of event, marking transitions in the world (when entities are generated, used, or destroyed, or activities started or ended). This notion of event is not first-class in the data model, but underpins many of its concepts and its semantics [[PROV-SEM]]. Thus, using this notion of event, we can provide an interpretation for the data model, which in turn can allow creators of provenance assertions to make their assertions more robust. </p>
+
+
+ <section id='section-time-event'>
+<h4>Time and Event</h4>
+
+<p>Time is critical in the context of provenance, since it can help corroborate provenance claims. For instance, if an entity is claimed to be obtained by transforming another, then the
+latter must have existed before the former. If it is not the case, then there is something wrong with such a provenance claim. </p>
+
+<p> Although time is critical, we should also recognize that provenance can be used in many different contexts: in a single system, across the Web, or in spatial data management, to name a
+few. Hence, it is a design objective of PROV-DM to minimize the assumptions about time, so that PROV-DM can be used in varied contexts. </p>
+
+
+<p>Furthermore, consider two activities that started at the same time
+instant. Just by referring to that instant, we cannot distinguish
+which activity start we refer to. This is particularly relevant if we
+try to explain that the start of these activities had different
+reasons. We need to be able to refer to the start of an activity as a
+first class concept, so that we can talk about it and about its
+relation with respect to other similar starts. </p>
+
+
+<p>Hence, in our conceptualization of the world, an <em>instantaneous event</em>, or <dfn id="dfn-event">event</dfn> for short, happens in the world and marks a change in the world, in its
+activities and in its entities.
+The term "event" is commonly used in process algebra with a similar meaning. For instance, in CSP [[CSP]], events represent communications or interactions; they are assumed to be atomic and
+instantaneous.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<section id="types-of-events">
+<h4>Types of Events</h4>
+
+<p>Four kinds of <a title="event">instantaneous events</a> underpin the PROV-DM data model. The <strong>activity start</strong> and <strong>activity end</strong> events demarcate the
+beginning and the end of activities, respectively. The <strong>entity generation</strong> and <strong>entity usage</strong> events demarcate the characterization interval for entities. More
+specifically:
+
+</p>
+
+<p>An <dfn id="dfn-generation-event">entity generation event</dfn> is the <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the final instant of an entity's creation timespan, after which
+it is no longer available for use.</p>
+
+<p>An <dfn id="dfn-usage-event">entity usage event</dfn> is the <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the first instant of an entity's consumption timespan by an activity.</p>
+
+<p>An <dfn id="dfn-destruction-event">entity destruction event</dfn> is the <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the initial instant of an entity's destruction timespan, after which
+it no longer becomes available for use.</p>
+
+<div class='note'>Tentative definition of destruction!</div>
+
+
+<p>An <dfn id="dfn-start-event">activity start event</dfn> is the <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the instant an activity starts.</p>
+
+<p>An <dfn id="dfn-end-event">activity end event</dfn> is the <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the instant an activity ends.</p>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="event-ordering">
+<h4>Event Ordering</h4>
+
+<p>To allow for minimalistic clock assumptions, like Lamport
+[[CLOCK]], PROV-DM relies on a notion of relative ordering of <a title="event">instantaneous events</a>,
+without using physical clocks. This specification assumes that a partial order exists between <a title="event">instantaneous events</a>.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>Specifically, <dfn id="dfn-follows">follows</dfn> is a partial
+order between <a title="event">instantaneous events</a>, indicating that an <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> occurs at the same time as or after another.
+For symmetry, <dfn id="dfn-precedes">precedes</dfn> is defined as
+the inverse of follows. (Hence, these relations are reflexive and transitive.)</p>
+
+
+<p> How such partial order is realized in practice is beyond the scope
+of this specification. This specification only assumes that
+each <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> can be mapped to an instant in some form of
+timeline. The actual mapping is not in scope of this
+specification. Likewise, whether this timeline is formed of a single
+global timeline or whether it consists of multiple Lamport's style
+clocks is also beyond this specification. It is anticipated
+that <a>follows</a> and <a>precedes</a> correspond to some ordering
+over this timeline.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>This specification introduces a set of "temporal interpretation"
+rules allowing the derivation of <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints from
+provenance descriptions. According to such temporal interpretation,
+descriptions MUST satisfy such constraints. We note that the
+actual verification of such ordering constraints is outside the
+scope of this specification. </p>
+
+<p>PROV-DM also allows for time observations to be inserted in specific
+descriptions, for each recognized <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> introduced
+in this specification. The presence of a time observation for a
+given <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> fixes the mapping of this <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> to the
+timeline. It can also help with the verification of associated
+ordering constraints (though, again, this verification is outside the
+scope of this specification).
+</p>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+ </section>
+
+
+
+ <section id='section-attributes'>
+<h4>Attributes in Entities and Beyond </h4>
+
+<p>When we talk about things in the world in natural language and even when we assign identifiers, we are often imprecise in ways that make it difficult to clearly and unambiguously report
+provenance: a resource with a URL may be understood as referring to a report available at that URL, the version of the report available there today, the report independent of where it is
+hosted over time, etc.</p>
+
+<p>From a provenance viewpoint, it is important to identify a "<em>partial state</em>" of something, i.e. something with some aspects that have been fixed, so that it becomes possible to express its provenance, and what causes that thing, with these specific aspects to be as such. </p>
+
+<p>It is the purpose of attributes in PROV-DM to help fix some aspect of entities.
+Indeed, we previously defined
+entities as things in the world one wants to provide provenance for;
+we refine this definition as follows, using attribute-values to describe entities' "partial states", and linking them to the very existence of entities.</p>
+
+<p>
+An <dfn>entity</dfn> is a thing in the world one wants to provide provenance for and whose situation in the world is represented by some attribute-value pairs; an entity's attribute-value pairs remain unchanged during an entity's characterization interval, which is defined as the period comprised between its <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> and its <a title="entity destruction event">destruction event</a>.</p>
+
+<p>An entity fixes some aspects of a thing and its situation in the
+world. An alternative entity may fix other aspects, and its provenance
+may be different.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="a-report-example">
+Different users may take different perspectives on a resource with
+a URL. For each perspective, an entity may be expressed:
+<ul>
+<li>a report available at a URL: fixes the nature of the thing, i.e. a document, and its location; </li>
+<li>the version of the report available there today: fixes its version number, contents, and its date;</li>
+<li>the report independent of where it is hosted and of its content over time: fixes the nature of the thing as a conceptual artifact.</li></ul>
+The provenance of these three entities may differ, and may be along the following lines:
+<ul>
+<li>the provenance of a report available at a URL may include: the act of publishing it and making it available at a given location, possibly under some license and access control;</li>
+<li>the provenance of the version of the report available there today may include: the authorship of the specific content, and reference to imported content;</li>
+<li>the provenance of the report independent of where it is hosted over time may include: the motivation for writing the report, the overall methodology for producing it, and the broad team
+involved in it.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<p>We do not assume that any entity is more important than any other; in fact, it is possible to describe the processing that occurred for the report to be commissioned, for
+individual versions to be created, for those versions to be published at the given URL, etc., each via a different entity with attribute-value pairs that fix some aspect of the report appropriately.</p>
+
+<p>Attributes are not restricted to entities, but they belong to a variety of PROV-DM objects, including activities, activity associations, responsibility chains, generations, usages, derivations, and alternates. Each object has its duration interval, and attribute-value pairs for a given object, are expected to be unchanged for the object's duration.</p>
+</section>
+
+
+
+ <section id="representation-term-assertion-inference">
+<h3>Description, Assertion, and Inference</h3>
+
+<p>
+PROV-DM is a provenance data model designed to express <em>descriptions</em> of the world.
+</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+A file at some point during its lifecycle, which includes multiple edits by multiple people, can be described by its type, its location in the file system, a creator, and content.
+</div>
+
+
+<p>The data model is designed to capture activities that happened in the past, as opposed to activities
+that may or will happen.
+However, this distinction is not formally enforced.
+Therefore, all PROV-DM descriptions SHOULD be interpreted as what has happened, as opposed to what may or will happen.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>
+This specification does not prescribe the means by which descriptions can be arrived at; for example, descriptions can be composed on the basis of observations, reasoning, or any other means.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+Sometimes, inferences about the world can be made from descriptions
+conformant to the PROV-DM data model. When this is the case, this
+specification defines such inferences, allowing new descriptions
+to be inferred from existing ones. Hence, descriptions of the world
+can result either from direct assertion or from inference
+by application of inference rules defined by this specification.
+</p>
+
+
+
+</section>
+<div class='issue'> We need to refine the definition of entity and activity, and all the concepts in general. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/223">ISSUE-223</a>.</div>
+
+
+
+
+ <section id="account-and-accountEntity">
+ <h3>Account and AccountEntity</h3>
+
+
+<p>It is common for multiple provenance records to co-exist. For
+instance, when emailing a file, there could be a provenance record
+kept by the mail client, and another by the mail server. Such
+provenance records may provide different explanations about something
+happening in the world, because they are created by different parties
+or observed by different witnesses. A given party could also create
+multiple provenance records about an execution, to capture different
+levels of details, targeted at different end-users: the programmer of
+an experiment may be interested in a detailed log of execution, while
+the scientists may focus more on the scientific-level description.
+Given that multiple provenance records can co-exist, it is important
+to have details about their origin, who they are attributed to, how
+they were generated, etc. In other words, an important requirement is
+to be able to express the provenance of provenance. </p>
+
+<p>
+ <span class="glossary" id="glossary-account">
+An <dfn>account</dfn> is a named bundle of provenance descriptions.
+</span> PROV-DM does not provide an actual mechanism for creating accounts, i.e. for bundling up provenance descriptions and naming them. Accounts MUST satisfy some properties:
+<ul>
+<li>An account can be seen as a container of provenance descriptions, hence its content MAY change over time.</li>
+<li>If an account's set of descriptions changes over time, it increases monotonically with time. </li>
+<li>A given description of e.g. an entity in a given account, in terms of its identifier and attribute-value pairs, does not change over time. </li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class='note'>
+The last point is important and needs to be discussed by the Working Group.
+It indicates that within an account:
+<ul>
+<li>It is always possible to add new provenance descriptions, e.g. stating that a given entity was used by an activity. This is very much an open world assumption.
+<li>It is not permitted to add new attributes to a given entity (a form of closed world assumption from the attributes point of view), though it is always permitted to create a new description for an entity, which is a "copy" of the original description extended with novel attributes (cf Example <a href="#merge-with-rename">merge-with-rename</a>).
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+There is no construct in PROV-DM to create such named bundles. Instead, it is assumed that some mechanism, outside PROV-DM can create them. However, from a provenance viewpoint, such accounts are things we may want to describe the provenance of. In order to be able to do so, we need to see accounts as entities, whose origin can be described using PROV-DM vocabulary. Thus, PROV-DM introduces the reserved type AccountEntity, defined as follows:
+<span class="glossary" id="glossary-entity">
+ <dfn id="concept-accountEntity">AccountEntity</dfn> is the category of entities that are accounts, i.e. named bundles of provenance descriptions.
+</span>
+</p>
+
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="data-model-constraints">
+<h2>Constraints Applicable to PROV-DM </h2>
+
+<p>In [[PROV-DM]], a data model for provenance has been defined without introducing any constraint that this data model has to satisfy. In <a href="#prov-dm-refinement">Section 2</a>, various notions have been introduced, attributes, event, entity interval, activity interval, accounts, which underpin the PROV-DM data model. Using these notion, we explore the constraints
+that the PROV-DM data model has to satisfy. </p>
+
+<div class='note'>
+<p> Overview the kind of constraints</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Definitional constraints (<a href="#definitional-constraints">Section 4</a>)</li>
+<li>Account constraints (<a href="#account-constraints">Section 5</a>)</li>
+<li>Event ordering constraints (<a href="#interpretation">Section 6</a>)</li>
+<li>Structural constraints (<a href="#structural-constraints">Section 7</a>)</li>
+<li>Collection constraints (<a href="#collection-constraints">Section 8</a>)</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="definitional-constraints">
+
+<h2>PROV-DM Definitional Constraints and Inferences</h2>
+
+<p>In this section, we revisit elements and relations of PROV-DM, and examine and examine the constraints associated with their definitions. </p>
+
+
+<div class='note'>
+Proposing to remove the subsections in this section, since some have no constraints.
+</div>
+
+
+ <section id="term-element">
+<h3>Element</h3>
+
+<div class="issue">
+There is still some confusion about what the identifiers really denote. For instance, are they entity identifiers or entity record identifiers. This is <a
+href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/183">ISSUE-183</a>.
+An example and questions appear in <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/215">ISSUE-215</a>. A related issued is also raised in <a
+href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/145">ISSUE-145</a>.
+</div>
+
+ <section id="term-Entity">
+
+<h4>Entity</h4>
+
+
+<p>
+An <dfn>entity</dfn> is a thing in the world one wants to provide provenance for and whose situation in the world is represented by some attribute-value pairs; an entity's attribute-value pairs remain unchanged during an entity's characterization interval,
+ i.e. a continuous interval between two <a title="event">instantaneous events</a> in the world, namely its <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> and its <a title="entity destruction event">destruction event</a>.</p>
+
+
+Further considerations:
+<ul>
+<li>In order to describe something over several intervals, it is required to create multiple entities (either by direct
+assertion or by inference), each with its own identifier (so as to allow potential dependencies between the various entity records).
+
+
+</li>
+
+<li>There is no assumption that the set of attributes is complete and that the attributes are independent or orthogonal of each other.</li>
+
+<li>A characterization interval may collapse into a single instant.</li>
+
+
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<div class='issue'>The characterization interval of an entity record is currently implicit. Making it explicit would allow us to define alternateOf and specializationOf more precisely.
+Beginning and end of characterization interval could be expressed by attributes (similarly to activities).
+How do we define the end of an entity? This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/204">ISSUE-204</a>.
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="term-Activity">
+
+<h3>Activity</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>An activity is anything that involves entities. An activity is delimited by its <a title="activity start event">start</a> and its <a title="activity end event">end</a> events; hence, it occurs over
+an interval delimited by two <a title="event">instantaneous events</a>. However, an activity need not mention time information, nor duration, because they may not be known.
+An activity's attribute-value pairs remain unchanged during an activity's interval, i.e. an interval between two instantaneous events in the world, namely its <a title="activity start event">start</a> event and its <a title="activity end event">end</a> event.
+</p>
+
+<div class="interpretation-forward">
+For the interpretation of an activity, see <a href="#start-precedes-end">start-precedes-end</a>.
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Agent">
+<h3>Agent</h3>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='issue'> Shouldn't we allow for entities (not agent) to be associated with an activity? Should we drop the inference association-agent? <a
+href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/203">ISSUE-203</a>.
+
+<p>One can assert an agent record or alternatively, one can infer an agent record
+by its association with an activity. </p>
+
+<div class='inference' id='association-agent'>
+<span class='conditional'>If</span> the records <span class="name">entity(e,attrs)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span> hold for some identifiers
+<span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span>, and attribute-values <span class="name">attrs</span>, then
+the record <span class="name">agent(e,attrs)</span> also holds.
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+ <section id="term-note">
+
+<h4>Note</h4>
+
+<p>Attribute-value pairs occurring in notes are application specific. Thus, their interpretation is outside the scope of this document, and they are not subject to any of the constraints listed in this document. </p>
+
+
+
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="term-relation">
+<h3>PROV-DM Relations</h3>
+
+
+
+<section id="term-Generation">
+<h4>Generation</h4>
+
+
+<p>A <dfn id="dfn-Generation">generation</dfn> is an instantaneous world <a title="entity generation event">event</a>, the completed creation of a new
+entity by an activity. This entity become available for usage after this <a title="event">instantaneous
+event</a>. This entity did not exist before creation.
+ This <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> encompasses a description of the modalities of generation of this entity by this activity, by means of key-value pairs.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>
+A generation's id is OPTIONAL. It MUST be used when annotating generations (see Section <a href="#term-annotation">Annotation</a>) or when defining precise-1
+derivations (see <a href="#Derivation-Relation">Derivation</a>).
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="interpretation-forward">
+For the interpretation of a generation, see <a href="#generation-within-activity">generation-within-activity</a>.
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p></p>
+<div class="structural-forward">
+See <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a> for a structural constraint on generations.
+</div>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="term-Usage">
+<h3>Usage</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>A <dfn id="dfn-Use">usage</dfn> is an instantaneous world <a title="entity usage event">event</a>: an activity beginning to consume an entity.
+Before this event, the activity had not begun to consume or use to this entity.
+ The description includes the modalities of usage of this entity by this activity.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+A usage id is OPTIONAL. It MUST be present when annotating usages (see Section <a href="#term-annotation">Annotation</a>) or when defining precise-1 derivations (see
+<a href="#Derivation-Relation">Derivation</a>).</p>
+
+<p>
+A reference to a given entity MAY appear in multiple usages for a given activity identifier.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="interpretation-forward">
+For the interpretation of a usage, see <a href="#generation-precedes-usage">generation-precedes-usage</a> and <a href="#usage-within-activity">usage-within-activity</a>.
+</div>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="term-ActivityAssociation">
+<h4>Activity Association</h4>
+
+<div class="interpretation-forward">
+For the interpretation of an activity association, see <a href="#wasAssociatedWith-ordering">wasAssociatedWith-ordering</a>.
+</div>
+
+
+<div class='issue'> The activity association record does not allow for a plan to be asserted without an agent.
+This seems over-restrictive. Discussed in the context of <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/203">ISSUE-203</a>.</div>
+
+
+<div class='issue'> Agents should not be inferred. WasAssociatedWith should also work with entities.
+This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/206">ISSUE-206</a>.</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Start-End">
+<h4>Start and Ends</h4>
+
+
+<div class='issue'>
+Should we define start/end records as representation of activity start/end events.
+Should time be associated with these events rather than with activities. This will be similar to what
+we do for entities. This is issue <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/207">ISSUE-207</a>.</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="term-responsibility">
+
+<h4>Responsibility Chain</h4>
+
+
+Nothing here.
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="Derivation-Relation">
+<h4>Derivation</h4>
+
+
+
+<p>A precise-1 derivation is richer than an imprecise-1 derivation, itself, being more informative that an imprecise-n derivation Hence, the following implications
+hold.</p>
+<div class='inference' id='derivation-implications'>
+Given two entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> the assertion <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,
+e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</span>
+ holds for some generation identified by <span class="name">g2</span>, and usage identified by <span class="name">u1</span>, then <span
+class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:steps="single"] ∪ attrs)</span> also holds.<br>
+
+Given two entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> the assertion <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,
+e1, [prov:steps="single"] ∪ attrs)</span>
+ holds, then <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,attrs)</span> also holds.<br>
+ </div>
+
+<div class="interpretation-forward">
+For the interpretation of a derivation, see <a href="#derivation-usage-generation-ordering">derivation-usage-generation-ordering</a> and <a
+href="#derivation-generation-generation-ordering">derivation-generation-generation-ordering</a>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>The imprecise-1 derivation has the same meaning as the precise-1
+ derivation, except that an activity
+ is known to exist, though it does not need to be
+asserted. This is formalized by the following inference rule,
+referred to as <em>activity introduction</em>:</p>
+<div class='inference' id="activity-introduction">
+<span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> there exist an activity, with identifier <span
+class="name">a</span>, a usage identified by <span class="name">u</span>, and a generation identified by <span class="name">g</span>
+such that:
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(a,aAttrs)
+wasGeneratedBy(g,e2,a,gAttrs)
+used(u,a,e1,uAttrs)
+</pre>
+for sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">gAttrs</span>, <span class="name">uAttrs</span>, and <span class="name">aAttrs</span>.
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+Note that inferring derivation from usage and generation does not hold
+in general. Indeed, when a generation <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(g, e2, a, attrs2)</span>
+<a>precedes</a> <span class="name">used(u, a, e1, attrs1)</span>, for
+some <span class="name">e1</span>, <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="name">attrs1</span>, <span class="name">attrs2</span>, and <span class="name">a</span>, one
+cannot infer derivation <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g, u)</span>
+or <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> since
+of <span class="name">e2</span> cannot possibly be derived from
+ <span class="name">e1</span>, given the creation of <span class="name">e2</span> <a>precedes</a> the use
+of <span class="name">e1</span>.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>The effective placeholder for an entity generation time is <a>generation</a>. The presence of
+time information in imprecise derivations is merely a convenience notation for a timeless derivation and a generation with this generation time information. </p>
+
+<div class='inference' id="derivation-time-elimination">
+<span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,t,attrs)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following expressions also hold:
+<span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,attrs)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,t)</span>.
+</div>
+
+<p></p>
+<div class="structural-forward">
+See <a href="#derivation-use">derivation-use</a> for a structural constraint on derivations.
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class='issue'>Several points were raised about the attribute steps.
+Its name, its default value <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/180">ISSUE-180</a>.
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/179">ISSUE-179</a>.</div>
+
+<div class='issue'> Emphasize the notion of 'affected by' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/133">ISSUE-133</a>.</div>
+
+<div class='issue'> Simplify derivation <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/249">ISSUE-249</a>.</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="term-alternate-specialization">
+
+<h4>Alternate and Specializations</h4>
+
+<p>Nothing to add here</p>
+
+ <div class="note">
+In order to further convey the intended meaning, the following properties are associated to these two relations.
+
+ <ul>
+ <li><span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> is <strong>transitive</strong>: <span class="name">specializationOf(e3,e2)</span> and <span
+class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> implies <span class="name">specializationOf(e3,e1)</span>.
+
+ <li><span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> is <strong>anti-symmetric</strong>: <span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> implies that <span
+class="name">specializationOf(e1,e2)</span> does not hold.
+ <li><span class="name">alternateOf(e2,e1)</span> is <strong>symmetric</strong>: <span class="name">alternateOf(e2,e1)</span> implies <span class="name">alternateOf(e1,e2)</span>.
+ </ul>
+
+There are proposals to make alternateOf a transitive property. This is still under discussion and the default is for alternateOf <strong>not</strong> to be transitive, and this is what the current text reflects.</div>
+
+
+<div class='issue'>A discussion on alternative definition of these relations has not reached a satisfactory conclusion yet. This is <a
+href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/29">ISSUE-29</a>. Also <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/96">ISSUE-96</a>.</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+ <section id="common-relations">
+<h2>PROV-DM Common Relations</h2>
+
+<p>This section contains constraints associated with PROV-DM common relations.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="term-traceability">
+<h3>Traceability</h3>
+
+
+<p>Traceability can be inferred from existing descriptions, or can be asserted stating that a dependency path exists without its individual steps being expressed. This is captured
+by the following inference and constraint, respectively.
+
+<div class='inference' id='traceability-inference'>
+Given two identifiers <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span> for entities,
+the following statements hold:
+
+<ol>
+<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1)</span> holds, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">g2</span>, <span
+class="name">u1</span>, <span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds.</li>
+<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also
+holds.</li>
+<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr) and wasAssociatedWith(a,e1)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span> and <span
+class="name">gAttr</span>, <span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds.</li>
+<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr)</span>, <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span> and <span
+class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(e,e1)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span>, and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, <span
+class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds.</li>
+<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr) and wasStartedBy(a,e1,sAttr)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span
+class="name">e</span>, and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, and <span class="name">sAttr</span>, <span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also
+holds.</li>
+<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e)</span> and <span class="name">tracedTo(e,e1)</span> hold for some <span class="name">e</span>, <span
+class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds.</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+
+<p>We note that the inference rule <a href="#traceability-inference">traceability-inference</a> does not allow us to infer attributes, which are application specific. </p>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='traceability-assertion'>
+<span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(r2,r1,attrs)</span> holds for two identifiers <span class="name">r2</span> and <span class="name">r1</span>
+identifying entities, and attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs</span>,
+ <span class='conditional'>then</span> there exist
+<span class="name">e<sup>0</sup></span>, <span class="name">e<sup>1</sup></span>, ..., <span class="name">e<sup>n</sup></span> for <span class="name">n≥1</span>, with <span
+class="name">e<sup>0</sup></span>=<span class="name">r2</span> and <span class="name">e<sup>n</sup></span>=<span class="name">r1</span>, and
+for any i such that <span class="name">0≤i≤n-1</span>, at least of the following statements holds:
+<ul>
+<li> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>,a,g2,u1)</span> holds, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">g2</span>, <span class="name">u1</span>,
+or</li>
+<li> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span> holds, or</li>
+<li> <span class="name">wasBasedOn(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span> holds, or</li>
+<li> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr) and wasAssociatedWith(a,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span> and <span
+class="name">gAttr</span>, or</li>
+<li> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr)</span>, <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span> and <span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(e,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span> hold,
+for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span> and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, or</li>
+<li> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr) and wasStartedBy(a,e<sup>i+1</sup>,sAttr)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span>, and
+<span class="name">gAttr</span>, and <span class="name">sAttr</span>.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<p>We note that the previous constraint is not really an inference <em>rule</em>, since there is nothing that we can actually infer. Instead, this constraint should simply be seen as part
+of the definition of the traceability relation. </p>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-OrderingOfActivities">
+<h3>Activity Ordering</h3>
+
+
+
+<p> An information flow ordering relation is formally defined as follows.</p>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='wasInformedBy-Definition'>Given two activities identified by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>,
+ <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span>
+holds, <span class='conditional'>if and only if</span>
+ there is an entity with some identifier <span class="name">e</span> and some sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs1</span> and <span class="name">attrs2</span>,
+such that <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a1,attrs1)</span> and <span class="name">used(a2,e,attrs2)</span> hold.
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="interpretation-forward">
+For the interpretation of an information flow ordering, see <a href="#wasInformedBy-ordering">wasInformedBy-ordering</a>.
+</div>
+
+
+<p>The relationship <span class="name">wasInformedBy</span> is not transitive. Indeed, consider the following fragment.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasInformedBy(a2,a1)
+wasInformedBy(a3,a2)
+</pre>
+<p> We cannot infer <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a3,a1)</span> from these expressions. Indeed,
+from
+<span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span>, we know that there exists <span class="name">e1</span> such that <span class="name">e1</span> was generated by <span class="name">a1</span>
+and used by <span class="name">a2</span>. Likewise, from <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a3,a2)</span>, we know that there exists <span class="name">e2</span> such that <span
+class="name">e2</span> was generated by <span class="name">a2</span> and used by <span class="name">a3</span>. The following illustration shows a case for which transitivity cannot hold. The
+horizontal axis represents the event line. We see that <span class="name">e1</span> was generated after <span class="name">e2</span> was used. Furthermore, the illustration also shows that
+<span class="name">a3</span> completes before <span class="name">a1</span>. So it is impossible for <span class="name">a3</span> to have used an entity generated by <span
+class="name">a1</span>.</p>
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<img src="../informedByNonTransitive.png" alt="non transitivity of wasInformedBy" />
+<figcaption>Counter-example for transitivity of wasInformedBy</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+<p>Control ordering between two activities denoted by <span class="name">a2</span> and <span class="name">a1</span> is specified as follows.</p>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='wasStartedBy'>Given two activities with identifiers <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>,
+ <span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,a1)</span>
+holds <span class='conditional'>if and only if</span>
+ there exist an entity with some identifier <span class="name">e</span>
+and some attributes <span class="name">gAttr</span> and <span class="name">sAttr</span>,
+such that
+ <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a1,gAttr)</span>
+ and <span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,e,sAttr)</span> hold.
+</div>
+
+<p>We note that an activity start associates an activity with an agent, and is denoted by the name <span class="name">wasStartedBy</span>. A <a>control ordering</a> relation associates an
+activity with another activity, also denoted by the name <span class="name">wasStartedBy</span>. Effectively, by considering both relation types, the relation <span
+class="name">wasStartedBy</span> has a range formed by the union of agents and activities.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="interpretation-forward">
+For the interpretation of a control flow ordering, see <a href="#wasStartedBy-ordering">wasStartedBy-ordering</a>.
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Revision">
+<h3>Revision</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>A revision needs to satisfy the following constraint, linking the two entities by a derivation, and stating them to be a specialization of a third entity.</p>
+
+<div class='inference' id='wasRevision'>
+Given two identifiers <span class="name">old</span> and <span class="name">new</span> identifying two entities, and an identifier <span class="name">ag</span> identifying an agent,
+<span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasRevisionOf(new,old,ag)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span>
+there exists an entity with some identifier <span class="name">e</span> and some attribute-values <span class="name">eAttrs</span>, <span class="name">dAttrs</span>, such that the following
+hold:
+<ul>
+<li> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(new,old,dAttrs)</span>;
+<li> <span class="name">entity(e,eAttrs)</span>;
+<li> <span class="name">specializationOf(new,e)</span>;
+<li> <span class="name">specializationOf(old,e)</span>.
+</ul>
+The derivation may be imprecise-1 or imprecise-n.
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="name">wasRevisionOf</span> is a strict sub-relation
+ of <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom</span> since two entities <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span>
+ may satisfy <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> without being a variant of
+ each other.
+</p>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="recod-attribution">
+<h3>Attribution</h3>
+
+
+<div class='inference' id='attribution-implication'>
+<span class='conditional'>If</span>
+<span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e,ag)</span> holds for some identifiers
+<span class="name">e</span> and <span class="name">ag</span>,
+<span class='conditional'>then</span>, there exists an activity with some identifier <span class="name">a</span> such that the following statements hold:
+<pre>
+activity(a,t1,t2,attr1)
+wasGenerateBy(e,a)
+wasAssociatedWith(a,ag,attr2)
+</pre>
+for some sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attr1</span> and <span class="name">attr2</span>, time <span class="name">t1</span>, and <span class="name">t2</span>.
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="term-quotation">
+<h3>Quotation</h3>
+
+
+<div class='inference' id='quotation-implication'>
+<span class='conditional'>If</span>
+<span class="name">wasQuotedFrom(e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</span> holds for some identifiers
+<span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="name">e1</span>, <span class="name">ag2</span>, <span class="name">ag1</span>,
+<span class='conditional'>then</span> the following hold:
+<pre>
+wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)
+wasAttributedTo(e2,ag2)
+wasAttributedTo(e1,ag1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="term-summary">
+<h3>Summary</h3>
+
+<div class='issue'>Drop this relation <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/220">ISSUE-220</a>.</div>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-orignal-source">
+<h3>Original Source</h3>
+
+<p>Nothing specific.</p>
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="term-Collection">
+<h3>Collections</h3>
+
+<p>Nothing specific, here, everything in Collection constraint section</p>
+
+</section>
+
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="account-constraints">
+<h3>PROV-DM Account Constraints</h3>
+
+
+<p>PROV-DM allows for multiple descriptions of entities (and in general any identifiable object) to be expressed. </p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example-two-entities-one-id">
+<p>Let us consider two descriptions of a same entity, which we have taken from two different contexts (see example). A working draft published by the <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>:</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+</pre>
+The second version of a document edited by some authors:
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
+</pre>
+<p>Both descriptions are about the same entity identified by
+<span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>, but they contain different attributes, reflecting the context in which they occur.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>Two different descriptions of a same entity cannot co-exist in a same account
+ as formalized in <a href="#unique-description-in-account">unique-description-in-account</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='unique-description-in-account'>
+<p>Given an entity identifier <span class="name">e</span>, there is at most one description
+<span class="name">entity(e,av)</span> occurring in a given account, where <span class="name">av</span> is some set of attribute-values. Other descriptions of the same entity can exist in different accounts.</p>
+
+<p>This constraint similarly applies to all other types of identifiable entities and relations.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+ <div class="structural-forward">
+ See Section <a href="#structural-constraints">structural-constraints</a> for a structural constraint on accounts
+ </div>
+</p>
+
+<p>In some cases, there may be a requirement for the two descriptions to be included in a same account. To satisfy the constraint <a href="#unique-description-in-account">unique-description-in-account</a>, we can adopt a different identifier for one of them, and relate the two descriptions with the <span class="name">alternateOf</span> relation. </p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="merge-with-rename">
+<p>We now reconsider the same two descriptions of a same entity, but we change the identifier for one of them:</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+entity(ex:alternate-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
+alternateOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex:alternate-20111215)
+alternateOf(ex:alternate-20111215,tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+ <section id="interpretation">
+<h3>PROV-DM Event Ordering Constraints</h3>
+
+<p>Section <a href="#section-time-event">section-time-event</a>
+introduces a notion of <a title="event">instantaneous event</a>
+marking changes in the world, in its activities and entities. PROV-DM
+identifies five kinds of <a title="event">instantaneous events</a>, namely <a>entity generation
+event</a>, <a>entity usage event</a>, <a>entity destruction event</a>, <a>activity start event</a>
+and <a>activity end event</a>. PROV-DM adopts Lamport's clock
+assumptions [[CLOCK]] in the form of a reflexive, transitive partial order <a>follows</a>
+(and its inverse <a>precedes</a>) between <a title="event">instantaneous events</a>. Furthermore,
+PROV-DM assumes the existence of a mapping from <a title="event">instantaneous events</a> to time clocks,
+though the actual mapping is not in scope of this specification.</p>
+
+<p>Given that provenance consists of a description of past entities
+and activities, to be meaningful provenance descriptions MUST
+satisfy <em>instantaneous event ordering constraints</em>, which we introduce in
+this section. For instance, an entity can only be used after it was
+generated; hence, we say that an entity's <a title="entity generation
+event">generation event</a> precedes any of this
+entity's <a title="entity usage event">usage event</a>. Should this
+ordering constraint be proven invalid, the associated generation and
+usage could not be credible. The rest of this section defines
+the <dfn>temporal interpretation</dfn> of provenance descriptions as a
+set of instantaneous event ordering constraints. </p>
+
+
+<p>PROV-DM also allows for time observations to be inserted in
+specific provenance descriptions, for each of the four kinds
+of <a title="event">instantaneous events</a> introduced in this specification. The
+presence of a time observation for a given <a>instantaneous event</a> fixes the
+mapping of this <a>instantaneous event</a> to the timeline. The presence of time
+information in a provenance description instantiates the ordering constraint with
+that time information. It is expected that such instantiated
+constraint can help corroborate provenance information. We anticipate
+that verification algorithms could be developedm, though this
+verification is outside the scope of this specification.
+</p>
+
+<p>The following figure summarizes the ordering constraints in a
+graphical manner. For each subfigure, an event time line points to the
+right. Activities are represented by rectangles, whereas entities are
+represented by circles. Usage, generation and derivation are
+represented by the corresponding edges between entities and
+activities. The four kind of <a title="event">instantaneous events</a> are represented by vertical
+dotted lines (adjacent to the vertical sides of an activity's
+rectangle, or intersecting usage and generation edges). The ordering
+constraints are represented by triangles: an occurrence of a triangle between two <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> vertical dotted lines represents that the event denoted by the left
+line precedes the event denoted by the right line.</p>
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<img src="../constraints.png" alt="constraints between events" />
+<figcaption id="constraint-summary">Summary of <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>The mere existence of an activity entails some <a>event</a> ordering in the world, since an <a>activity start event</a> always <a>precedes</a> the corresponding <a>activity end
+event</a>. This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (a) and expressed by constraint <a href="#start-precedes-end">start-precedes-end</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='interpretation' id='start-precedes-end'> The following ordering constraint holds for any activity: the
+<a title="activity start event">start event</a> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity end event">end event</a>.</div>
+
+<p> A usage and a generation for a given entity implies ordering of <a title="event">events</a> in the world, since the <a title="entity generation
+event">generation event</a> had to precede the <a title="entity usage event">usage event</a>. This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (b) and expressed by constraint <a href="#generation-precedes-usage">generation-precedes-usage</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='interpretation' id='generation-precedes-usage'>For any entity, the following ordering constraint holds: the <a title="entity generation event">generation</a> of an entity always
+<a>precedes</a> any of its <a title="entity usage event">usages</a>.
+</div>
+
+<p>A usage implies ordering of <a title="event">events</a> in the world, since the <a title="entity usage event">usage event</a> had to occur during the associated activity. This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (c) and expressed by constraint <a href="#usage-within-activity">usage-within-activity</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='interpretation' id='usage-within-activity'>Given an activity with identifier <span class="name">a</span>, an entity with identifier <span class="name">e</span>, a set
+of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs</span>, and optional time <span class="name">t</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span>
+ assertion <span class="name">used(a,e,attrs)</span> or <span class="name">used(a,e,attrs,t)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraint holds:
+ the <a title="entity usage event">usage</a> of the entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity end event">end</a> of
+activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> and <a>follows</a> its <a title="activity start event">start</a>.
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>A generation implies ordering of <a title="event">events</a> in the world, since the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> had to occur during the associated activity. This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (d) and expressed by constraint <a href="#generation-within-activity">generation-within-activity</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='interpretation' id='generation-within-activity'>Given an activity with identifier <span class="name">a</span>, an entity with identifier <span class="name">e</span>, a set
+of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs</span>, and optional time <span class="name">t</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a,attrs)</span> or <span
+class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a,attrs,t)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraint also holds: the <a title="entity generation
+event">generation</a> of the entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity end event">end</a>
+of activity <span class="name">a</span> and <a>follows</a> the <a title="activity start event">start</a> of <span class="name">a</span>.
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<p>If there is a derivation between <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span>, then
+this means that the entity <span class="name">e1</span> had some form of influence on the entity <span class="name">e2</span>; for this to be possible, some event ordering must be satisfied.
+First, we consider one-activity derivations. In that case, the <a title="entity usage event">usage</a> of <span class="name">e1</span> has to precede the <a title="entity generation
+event">generation</a> of <span class="name">e2</span>.
+This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (e) and expressed by constraint <a
+href="#derivation-usage-generation-ordering">derivation-usage-generation-ordering</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div class='interpretation' id='derivation-usage-generation-ordering'>Given an activity with identifier <span class="name">a</span>, entities with identifier <span
+class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, a generation identified by <span class="name">g2</span>, and a usage identified by <span class="name">u1</span>, <span
+class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1,attrs)</span>
+or <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:steps="single"] ∪ attrs)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span>
+the following ordering constraint holds:
+the <a title="entity usage event">usage</a>
+of entity denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="entity generation event">generation</a> of
+the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span>.
+</div>
+
+<p>For imprecise-n derivations, a similar constraint exists, but in this case, no usage can be inferred for <span class="name">e1</span>. Instead, the constraint refers to its
+generation event, as
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (f) and expressed by constraint <a
+href="#derivation-generation-generation-ordering">derivation-generation-generation-ordering</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='interpretation' id='derivation-generation-generation-ordering'>
+Given two entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span
+class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:steps="any"] ∪ attrs)</span>
+ holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraint holds:
+the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> of the entity denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a>
+of
+the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span>.
+ </div>
+
+<p>Note that event ordering is between generations of <span class="name">e1</span>
+and <span class="name">e2</span>, as opposed to precise-1 derivation,
+which implies ordering ordering between the usage of <span class="name">e1</span> and
+generation of <span class="name">e2</span>. Indeed, in the case of
+imprecise-n derivation, nothing is known about the usage of <span class="name">e1</span>,
+since there is no associated activity.</p>
+
+<p> Information flow ordering between two activities <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> also implies ordering of <a
+title="event">events</a> in the world, since some entity must have been generated by the former and used by the later, which implies that the start event of <span class="name">a1</span>
+cannot follow the end event of <span class="name">a2</span>. This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (g) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasInformedBy-ordering">wasInformedBy-ordering</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='interpretation' id='wasInformedBy-ordering'>
+Given two activities denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span
+class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span>
+ holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraint holds:
+the <a title="activity start event">start event</a> of the activity denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity end event">end event</a> of
+the activity denoted by <span class="name">a2</span>.
+</div>
+
+<p>Control flow ordering between two activities <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> also implies ordering of <a
+title="event">events</a> in the world, since <span class="name">a1</span> must have been active before <span class="name">a2</span> started. This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (h) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasStartedBy-ordering">wasStartedBy-ordering</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div class='interpretation' id='wasStartedBy-ordering'>
+Given two activities denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span
+class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,a1)</span>
+ holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraint holds: the
+<a title="activity start event">start</a> event of the activity denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity start event">start event</a> of
+the activity denoted by <span class="name">a2</span>.
+</div>
+
+<div class='issue'>In the following, we assume that we can talk about the end of an entity (or agent)
+For this, we use the term 'destruction' This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/204">ISSUE-204</a>.
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Further constraints appear in Figure <a href="#constraint-summary2">constraint-summary2</a> and are discussed below.</p>
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<img src="../constraints2.png" alt="further constraints between events" />
+<figcaption id="constraint-summary2">Summary of <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints (continued)</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>An agent that started an activity must exist when the activity starts.
+This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary2">constraint-summary2</a> (a) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasStartedByAgent-ordering">wasStartedByAgent-ordering</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div class='interpretation' id='wasStartedByAgent-ordering'>
+Given an activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> and an agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span
+class="name">wasStartedBy(a,ag)</span>
+ holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraints hold: the
+<a title="activity start event">start</a> event of the activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> <a>follows</a> the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> for agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, and
+<a>precedes</a> the destruction event of
+the same agent.
+</div>
+
+
+<p>An activity that was associated with an agent must have some overlap with the agent. The agent may be generated, or may only become associated with the activity, after its start: so, the agent is required to exist before the activity end. Likewise, the agent may be destructed, or may terminate its association with the activity, before the activity end: hence, the agent destruction is required to happen after the activity start.
+This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary2">constraint-summary2</a> (b) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasAssociatedWith-ordering">wasAssociatedWith-ordering</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div class='interpretation' id='wasAssociatedWith-ordering'>
+Given an activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> and an agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span
+class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,ag)</span>
+ holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraints hold: the
+<a title="activity start event">start</a> event of the activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span>
+precedes the destruction event of
+the agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, and
+ the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> for agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>
+<a>precedes</a> the activity <a title="activity end event">end</a> event.
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="issue">
+For completeness, we should define ordering constraint for wasAssociatedWith and actedOnBehalfOf.
+For wasAssociatedWith(a,ag), it feels that ag must have some overlap with a.
+For actedOnBehalfOf(ag1,ag2,a), it seem that ag2 should have existed before the overlap between ag1 and a. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/221">ISSUE-221</a>.
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="issue">
+It is suggested that a stronger name for wasAssociatedWith should be adopted.
+This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/182">ISSUE-182</a>.
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="structural-constraints">
+<h3>PROV-DM Structural Constraints</h3>
+
+<p><a href="#definitional-constraints">Section 4</a> provides definitional constraints for data model concepts.
+<a href="#account-constraints">Section 5</a> introduces constraints on descriptions occurring in accounts.
+<a href="#interpretation">Section 6</a> defines an interpretation of this data model, in terms of event ordering
+constraints.
+This section introduces further constraints on the structure of PROV-DM descriptions. Descriptions that satisfy these constraints are said to be <dfn>structurally well-formed</dfn>. A
+benefit of structurally well-formed provenance descriptions is that further inferences can be made, because descriptions are more precise, and therefore, richer. </p>
+
+<p>According to the definition of a <a>generation</a>, an entity becomes available after this entity's generation event, and does not exist before this event. From this definition,
+we conclude that PROV-DM does not allow for an entity to have two generations occurring at two different instants.
+The rationale for this constraint is as follows.
+ Two distinct <a title="entity generation event">generation events</a> (by a same activity or by two distinct activities), occurring one after the other, necessarily create two distinct
+entities; otherwise, the second <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> would have resulted in an entity that existed before its creation, which contradicts the definition of
+<a>generation</a>.</p>
+
+<p>So, PROV-DM allows for two distinct <a>generations</a> <span class="name">g1</span> and <span class="name">g2</span> referencing a same entity provided they occur
+<em>simultaneously</em>.
+<!-- (This means that <span class="name">g1</span> <a>precedes</a> <span class="name">g2</span> and <span class="name">g2</span> <a>precedes</a> <span class="name">g1</span>.) -->
+ In practice, for such a simultaneous generation to occur, the generation event has to be unique and caused by a <em>single world activity</em>, though provenance may contain
+several descriptions for the <em>same</em> world activity.
+</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+In the following assertions, a workflow execution <span class="name">a0</span> consists of two sub-workflow executions <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>.
+Sub-workflow execution <span class="name">a2</span> generates entity <span class="name">e</span>, so does <span class="name">a0</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(a0,,,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
+activity(a1,,,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
+activity(a2,,,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
+wasInformedBy(a2,a1)
+
+wasGeneratedBy(e,a0)
+wasGeneratedBy(e,a2)
+</pre>
+<p>So, we have two different <a title="generation">generations</a> for entity <span class="name">e</span>. Such an example is permitted in PROV-DM if the two activities denoted by <span class="name">a0</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> are a single thing happening in the world
+but described from different perspectives.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>While this example is permitted in PROV-DM, it does not make the inter-relation between activities explicit, and it mixes descriptions expressed from different perspectives together.
+While this may acceptable in some specific applications, it becomes challenging for inter-operability. Indeed, PROV-DM does not offer any relation describing the structure of activities.
+ Such descriptions are said not be structurally well-formed.</p>
+
+<p>Structurally well-formed provenance can be obtained by partitioning the generations into different accounts. This makes it clear that these generations provide alternative
+descriptions of the same real-world generation event, rather than describing two distinct generation events for the same entity. When accounts are used, the example can be encoded as follows.</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The same example is now revisited, with the following assertions that are structurally well-formed. Two accounts are introduced, and there is a single generation for entity <span
+class="name">e</span> per account.</p>
+
+<p>In a first account, entitled "summary", we find:</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ activity(a0,t1,t2,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
+ wasGeneratedBy(e,a0)
+</pre>
+<p>In a second account, entitled "detail", we find:</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ activity(a1,t1,t3,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
+ activity(a2,t3,t2,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
+ wasInformedBy(a2,a1)
+ wasGeneratedBy(e,a2)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>Structurally well-formed provenance satisfies some constraints, which force the structure of descriptions to be exposed by means of accounts. With these constraints satisfied, further
+inferences can be made about structurally well-formed descriptons.
+The uniqueness of generations in accounts is formulated as follows.
+</p>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='generation-uniqueness'>Given an entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span>, two activities denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span
+class="name">a2</span>, and two sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs1</span> and <span class="name">attrs2</span>,
+<span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id1,e,a1,attrs1)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id2,e,a2,attrs2)</span> exist in the scope of a given
+account,
+<span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">id1</span>=<span class="name">id2</span>, <span class="name">a1</span>=<span class="name">a2</span> and <span class="name">attrs1</span>=<span class="name">attrs2</span>.
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>A further inference is permitted from the imprecise-1 derivations: </p>
+<div class='inference' id='derivation-use'>
+<p>Given an activity with identifier <span class="name">a</span>, entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, and a set of attribute-value
+pairs <span class="name">attrs2</span>,
+<span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1, [prov:steps="single"])</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,attrs2)</span> hold, <span
+class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">used(a,e1,attrs1)</span> also holds
+for some set of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs1</span>.
+</div>
+<p>This inference is justified by the fact that the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span> is generated by at most one activity in a given account
+(see <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a>). Hence, this activity is also the one referred to by the usage of <span class="name">e1</span>.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<p>We note that the converse inference, does not hold.
+From <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> and <span class="name">used(a,e1)</span>, one cannot
+derive <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,attrs2)</span> because identifier <span class="name">e1</span> may occur in usages performed by many activities, which may have not generated the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span>.</p>
+
+
+<p>
+An account is said to be structurally well-formed if
+it satisfies the constraint <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a>. If an account is structurally well-formed, it support the inference <a
+href="#derivation-use">derivation-use</a>.</p>
+
+<p> Taking the union of two accounts is another account,
+formed by the union of the descriptions they respectively contain. We note that the resulting union may or may not invalidate some constraints:
+<ul>
+<li> Two entity descriptions with a same identifier but different sets of attributes exist in each original account may invalidate <a href="#unique-description-in-account">unique-description-in-account</a> in the union, unless some form of description merging or renaming (as per <a href="#merge-with-rename">Example</a>) occurs.
+<li> Structurally well-formed
+accounts are not
+closed under union because the
+constraint <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a> may no
+longer be satisfied in the resulting union. </li>
+</ul>
+<p>How to reconcile such accounts is beyond the scope of this specification.</p>
+
+<!--
+Indeed, let us reconsider example <a href="#account-example-1">account-example-1</a>, and let us define another account record as follows.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+account(ex:acc2,
+ http://example.org/asserter2,
+ entity(e0, [ prov:type="File", ex:path="/shared/crime.txt", ex:creator="Alice" ])
+ ...
+ activity(a1,t1,,[prov:type="createFile"])
+ ...
+ wasGeneratedBy(e0,a1,[ex:fct="create"])
+ ... )
+</pre>
+<p>with identifier <span class="name">ex:acc2</span>, containing assertions by asserter by <span class="name">http://example.org/asserter2</span> stating that the entity represented by
+entity record identified by <span class="name">e0</span> was generated by an activity represented by activity record identified by <span class="name">a1</span> instead of <span
+class="name">a0</span> in the previous account <span class="name">ex:acc0</span>. If accounts <span class="name">ex:acc0</span> and <span class="name">ex:acc2</span> are merged together,
+the resulting set of records violates <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a> if the two activities <span class="name">a0</span> and <span class="name">a1</span> are
+distinct.</p>
+</div>
+-->
+
+<div class="note">
+Can the semantics characterize better what can be achieved with structurally well-formed accounts?
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="note" id="note-related-to-issue-105">
+Satya discussed the example of a sculpture, whose hand and leg are sculpted independently by two different sculptors. He suggested that the sculpture is generated by two distinct activities.
+This section explains that it is not the case. The example can be formulated as follows.
+
+<p><a href="examples/sculpture.prov-asn">Sculpture example in ASN</a></p>
+
+<p><a href="examples/sculpture.png">Sculpture example image</a></p>
+
+<p>
+We see that ex:s_3 (the sculpture in its final state) was derived from ex:l_2 (containment) which was generated by ex:a2. However, ex:s_3 is not directly generated by ex:a2. We may want to
+consider an abbreviation for this: wasGeneratedBy*(ex:s_3,ex:a2).</p>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="collection-constraints">
+<h3>PROV-DM Collection Constraints</h3>
+
+<div class='note'>
+Raw material taken from prov-dm3. Some further text required.
+</div>
+
+
+<div class='constraint' id='collection-parallel-insertions'>
+<p>One can have multiple assertions regarding the state of a collection following a <em>set</em> of insertions, for example:</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, k1, v1)
+CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, k2, v2)
+...
+</pre>
+<p>This is interpreted as <em>" <span class="name">c2</span> is the state that results from inserting <span class="name">(k1, v1)</span>, <span class="name">(k2, v2)</span> etc. into <span class="name">c1</span>"</em></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class='note'>
+Shouldn't we have the same for deletion, and combination of insertion and deletion?
+</div>
+
+
+<div class='constraint' id='collection-branching-derivations'>
+It is possible to have multiple derivations from a single root collection, as shown in the following example.
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection
+ entity(v1)
+ entity(v2)
+ entity(v3)
+ entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"])
+ entity(c2, [prov:type="Collection"])
+ entity(c3, [prov:type="Collection"])
+
+ CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 = { (k1,v1) }
+ CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c, k2, v2) // c2 = { (k2 v2) }
+ CollectionAfterInsertion(c3, c1, k3,v3) // c3 = { (k1,v1), (k3,v3) }
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class='constraint' id='collection-unique-ancestor'>
+Given the pair of assertions:
+<pre class="codeexample">
+CollectionAfterInsertion(c, c1, k1, v1)
+CollectionAfterInsertion(c, c2, k2, v2)
+</pre>
+it follows that <span class="name">c1==c2</span>.
+</div>
+
+<div class='note'>
+Original text stated it follows that <span class="name">c1==c2, k1==k2, v1==v2</span>, because one cannot have two different derivations for the same final collection state. This is incompatible with parallel insertion constraint.
+</div>
+
+
+<div class='note'>
+Shouldn't we have the same for deletion, and combination of insertion and deletion?
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='constraint' id='collection-unique-value-for-key'>
+Given the following set of insertions:
+<pre class="codeexample">
+CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k, v1)
+CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k, v2)
+</pre>
+it follows that <span class="name">v1==v2</span>.
+</div>
+
+
+<p>The state of a collection is only known to the extent that a chain of derivations starting from an empty collection can be found. Since a set of assertions regarding a collection's evolution may be incomplete, so is the reconstructed state obtained by querying those assertions. In general, all assertions reflect the asserter's partial knowledge of a sequence of data transformation events. In the particular case of collection evolution, in which the asserter <em>knows</em> that some of the state changes may have been missed, then the more generic <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> relation should be used to signal that some updates may have occurred, which cannot be precisely asserted as insertions or removals. The following two examples illustrate this.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ entity(c, [prov:type="collection"]) // e is a collection, possibly not empty
+ entity(v1)
+ entity(v2, [prov:type="collection"]) // v2 is a collection
+
+ CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 <em>includes</em> { (k1,v1) } but may contain additional unknown pairs
+ CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, k2, v2) // c2 includes { (k1,v1), (k2 v2) } where v2 is a collection with unknown state
+</pre>
+</div>
+ In the example, the state of <span class="name">c2</span> is only partially known because the collection is constructed from partially known other collections.
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ entity(c, [prov:type="emptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection
+ entity(v1)
+ entity(v2)
+
+ CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 = { (k1,v1) }
+ wasDerivedFrom(c2, c1) // the asserted knows that c2 is somehow derived from c1, but cannot assert the precise sequence of updates
+ CollectionAfterInsertion(c3, c2, k2, v2)
+</pre>
+
+<p>Here <span class="name">c3</span> includes <span class="name">{ (k2 v2) }</span> but the earlier "gap" leaves uncertainty regarding <span class="name">(k1,v1)</span> (it may have been removed) or any other pair that may have been added as part of the derivation activities.</li></p>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+
+<!--
+<section id="resource-section">
+<h2>Resources, URIs, Entities, Identifiers, and Scope</h2>
+
+<p>This specification introduces the notion of an identifiable entity in the world. In PROV-DM, an entity record is a representation of such an identifiable entity. An entity record
+includes an identifier identifying this entity. Identifiers are qualified names, which can be mapped to IRIs. </p>
+
+<p>The term 'resource' is used in a general sense
+ for whatever might be identified by a URI [[!RFC3986]]. On the Web, a URI denotes a resource, without any expectation that the resource is accessed. </p>
+
+<p>The purpose of this section is to clarify the relationship between resource and the notions of entity and entity record. </p>
+
+<p>In the context of PROV-DM, a resource is just a thing in the world. One may take multiple perspectives on such a thing and its situation in the world, fixing some its aspects.</p>
+
+<p> We refer to the <a href="#a-report-example">example</a> of section <a href="#conceptualization">2.1</a> for a resource (at some URL) and three different perspectives, referred to as
+entities. Three different entity records can be expressed for this report, which in the PROV-ASN sample below, are expressed within a same account.
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+container
+prefix app http://example.org/app/
+prefix cr http://example.org/crime/
+
+ account(acc1,
+ http://example.org/asserter1,
+
+ entity(app:0, [ prov:type="Document", cr:path="http://example.org/crime.txt" ])
+ entity(app:1, [ prov:type="Document", cr:path="http://example.org/crime.txt", cr:version="2.1", cr:content="...", cr:date="2011-10-07" ])
+ entity(app:2, [ prov:type="Document", cr:author="John" ])
+ ...)
+endContainer
+</pre>
+
+<p>Each entity record contains an identifier that is unique in
+account <span class="name">acc1</span>, and therefore locally
+identifies the entity record it is contained in. In this example,
+three identifiers were minted.</p>
+
+<p>Given that the report is a resource denoted by the URI <span class="name">http://example.org/crime.txt</span>, we could simply use this URI as the identifier of an entity. This would
+avoid us minting new URIs. Hence, the report URI would play a double role: as a URI it denotes a resource accessible at that URI, and as an identifier in a PROV-DM record, it helps identify
+a specific characterization of this report. A given identifier occurring in an entity record must be unique within the scope of an account. Hence, below, all entities records have been given
+the same identifier but appear in the scope of different accounts, so as to satisfy <a href="#identifiable-term-in-account">identifiable-term-in-account</a>.</p>
+
+<pre>
+container
+prefix app http://example.org/
+prefix cr http://example.org/crime/
+
+ account(acc2,
+ http://example.org/asserter1,
+
+ entity(app:crime.txt, [ prov:type="Document", cr:path="http://example.org/crime.txt" ])
+ ...)
+
+ account(acc3,
+ http://example.org/asserter1,
+
+ entity(app:crime.txt, [ prov:type="Document", cr:path="http://example.org/crime.txt", cr:version="2.1", cr:content="...", cr:date="2011-10-07" ])
+ ...)
+
+ account(acc4,
+ http://example.org/asserter1,
+ entity(app:crime.txt, [ prov:type="Document", cr:author="John" ])
+ ...)
+endContainer
+</pre>
+
+<p>In this case, the qualified name <span class="name">app:crime.txt</span> maps to URI <span class="name">http://example.org/crime.txt</span> still denotes the same resource; however, the
+perspectives we take about that resource are expressed by multiple entity records, happening to all contain the same identifier but in different accounts. </p>
+
+<p> Alternatively, if we need to assert the existence of two different perspectives on the report within the same account, then alternate identifiers MUST be used, one of them being allowed
+to be the resource URI.</p>
+
+<pre>
+container
+ prefix app http://example.org/
+ prefix app2 http://example.org/app/
+ prefix cr http://example.org/crime/
+
+ account(acc5,
+ http://example.org/asserter1,
+
+ entity(app:crime.txt, [ prov:type="Document", cr:path="http://example.org/crime.txt" ])
+ entity(app2:1, [ prov:type="Document", cr:path="http://example.org/crime.txt", cr:version="2.1", cr:content="...", cr:date="2011-10-07" ])
+
+ ...)
+endContainer
+
+</pre>
+
+
+</section>
+
+-->
+
+<!--
+<li>For use, generation, and derivation event, the first argument is the 'effect' (i.e. most recent item) and the second argument is the 'cause' (i.e. least recent item). This order is
+compatible with the temporal layout of the graphical notation.
+-->
+
+<section id="refining-provenance-descriptions">
+<h3>Refining Provenance Descriptions</h3>
+
+<div class='note'>Purely tentative</div>
+
+<p>In this section, we successively review refined provenance descriptions, and examine their meaning, in light of the constraints introduced in this specification. </p>
+
+
+<ol>
+<li>First, let us consider a small set of three descriptions, including an entity, an agent, and an attribution relation.
+<pre>
+entity(tr:prov-dm)
+agent(w3:Consortium)
+wasAttributedTo(tr:prov-dm,w3:Consortium)
+</pre>
+<p>The entity denoted by <span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span> does not contain any attribute besides its identifier. Without any further detail, this entity is simply the resource denoted by <span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span>, whatever its state over time. This resource has multiple versions including <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> and <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</span>.
+Likewise, the second line simply is a description for a resource denoted by <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>, nothing less, nothing more.</p>
+<p>The third description should be interpreted as: whatever changes entity <span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span> may have gone through, it is always attributed to the <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span> agent.</p>
+</li>
+
+
+<li>Second, the descriptions are bundled up as an account with name <span class="name">ex:acc1</span>:
+<pre>
+entity(tr:prov-dm)
+agent(ex:Simon)
+wasAttributedTo(tr:prov-dm,ex:Simon)
+</pre>
+and provenance details are available for <span class="name">ex:acc1</span>, namely the generation time for the provenance.
+<pre>
+entity(ex:acc1, [prov:type="AccountEntity"])
+wasGeneratedBy(ex:acc1,,2011-12-15T12:00:00)
+</pre>
+<div class='note'>
+What is the meaning here? Is it any different? Are stating anything about newer version of tr:prov-dm that occur after 2011-12-15T12:00:00?
+</div>
+
+<li> A generation event for <span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span> is provided.
+<pre>
+entity(tr:prov-dm)
+agent(ex:Simon)
+wasGeneratedBy(tr:prov-dm,,2011-12-15T12:00:00)
+wasAttributedTo(tr:prov-dm,ex:Simon)
+</pre>
+<div class='note'>
+What is the meaning here? that only the version that was created by this event is attributed to ex:Simon, but not previous ones. This means that it is not specfied whether he was an author in anterior versions.
+</div>
+
+</li>
+
+
+<li> A destruction event for <span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span> is provided.
+<pre>
+entity(tr:prov-dm)
+agent(ex:Simon)
+wasGeneratedBy(tr:prov-dm,,2011-12-15T12:00:00)
+wasDestroyedBy(tr:prov-dm,,2012-02-02T12:00:00)
+wasAttributedTo(tr:prov-dm,ex:Simon)
+</pre>
+<div class='note'>
+Speculative, since we have not defined the destruction event (yet?.
+What is the meaning here? that only the versions that existed during this characterization interval were attributed to ex:Simon.
+</div>
+</li>
+
+</ol>
+
+</section>
+
+<!--
+<section>
+<h3>Stuff to Keep, Maybe?</h3>
+
+
+
+
+<li id='attribute-occurrence-in-entity-record'>The attributes
+occurring in an entity record MUST be declared in the namespace
+referred to by their prefix according to
+<a href="#term-attribute">Section term-attribute</a>. Furthermore,
+for each attribute, a namespace also declares the number of
+occurrences it may have in a list of attributes. An entity record is
+valid if the number of occurrences of any of its attributes is
+compatible with this attribute's declaration it its namespace. This
+property applies to all types of records, and is referred to
+as <a>attribute occurrence validity</a>.</li>
+
+
+</section>
+-->
+
+<section class="appendix">
+ <h2>Acknowledgements</h2>
+ <p>
+ WG membership to be listed here.
+ </p>
+ </section>
+
+ </body></html>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/old/prov-glossary.html Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+
+<html><head>
+ <title>The Provenance Glossary</title>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
+ <!--
+ === NOTA BENE ===
+ For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
+ out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
+ -->
+<!-- PM -->
+ <style type="text/css">
+ .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
+ </style>
+
+ <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="glossary.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script class="remove">
+ function updateGlossaryRefs() {
+ $('.glossary-ref').each(function(index) {
+ var ref=$(this).attr('ref');
+ var span=$(this).attr('withspan')
+ // look up directly in the_glossary
+ //$(this).html(the_glossary[ref]);
+ // if glossary is in a string:
+ $('#'+ref+'.glossary').contents().clone().appendTo($(this));
+ $(this).attr('prov:hadOriginalSource',glossary_hg);
+ if (span) {
+ $(this).children('dfn').replaceWith(function(){return $('<span>').addClass('dfn').append($(this).contents())});
+ }
+ });
+ }
+ $(document).ready(function(){
+ // if glossary is in a string:
+ $('#glossary_div').html(glossary_string)
+ updateGlossaryRefs();
+ });
+
+ </script>
+ <script class="remove">
+ var addExtraReferences = function() {
+ for (var k in extraReferences)
+ berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
+ };
+ var extraReferences = {
+ "CLOCK":
+ "Lamport, L. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
+ "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
+ "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
+ "CSP":
+ "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
+ "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
+ "Logic":
+ "W. E. Johnson"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
+ "1924. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
+ "PROV-SEM":
+ "James Cheney "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Work in progress. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
+
+ "PROV-PRIMER":
+ "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-O":
+ "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-DM":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\"><cite>PROV-DM Constraints</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-ASN":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\"><cite>PROV-ASN ....</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-AQ":
+ "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
+ };
+ var respecConfig = {
+ // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
+ specStatus: "ED",
+
+ // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
+ shortName: "prov-glossary",
+
+ // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
+ // formal title, define it here
+ //subtitle : "Some speculative write-ups, for discussion before integration in the data model",
+
+ // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
+ // publishDate: "2011-10-18",
+
+ // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
+ // the start date here:
+ // copyrightStart: "2005"
+
+ // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
+ // and its maturity status
+ //previousPublishDate: "2011-12-15",
+ //previousMaturity: "WD",
+
+ // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
+ edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/working-copy/prov-glossary.html",
+
+ // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
+ // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
+
+ // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
+ // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
+ extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "./extra.css"],
+
+ // editors, add as many as you like
+ // only "name" is required
+ editors: [
+ { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
+ company: "University of Southampton" },
+ { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
+ company: "Newcastle University" },
+ ],
+
+ // authors, add as many as you like.
+ // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
+ // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
+
+
+ // name of the WG
+ wg: "Provenance Working Group",
+
+ // URI of the public WG page
+ wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
+
+ // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
+ wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
+
+ // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
+ // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
+ // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
+ // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
+ // Team Contact.
+ wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
+
+ // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
+ preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
+ };
+ </script>
+ </head>
+ <body xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o/">
+
+ <section id="abstract">
+<p>
+<b>Editors' working copy can change at any time. </b>
+</p>
+ </section>
+
+<section id="sotd">
+<b>Editors' working copy can change at any time. </b>
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="glossary" >
+<h2>Glossary</h2>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-accountEntity"></div><p></p>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-activity"></div><p></p>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-activity" withSpan="true"></div><p></p
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-activityAssociation"></div><p></p>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-agent"></div><p></p>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-collection"></div><p></p>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-derivation"></div><p></p>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-entity"></div><p></p>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-generation"></div><p></p>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-plan"></div><p></p>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-provenance"></div><p></p>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-responsibilityChain"></div><p></p>
+
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-usage"></div><p></p>
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div id="glossary_div" class="remove">
+<!-- glossary loaded from gloassary.js will be hooked up here,
+ class remove, will remove this element from the final output.
+-->
+</div>
+
+</body></html>
Binary file model/working-copy/old/sec6-summary.png has changed
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/old/towards-wd4.html Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,2249 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+
+<html><head>
+ <title>PROV-DM Part 1: The Provenance Data Model</title>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
+ <!--
+ === NOTA BENE ===
+ For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
+ out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
+ -->
+<!-- PM -->
+ <style type="text/css">
+ .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
+ </style>
+
+ <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" class="remove"></script>
+
+ <script src="glossary.js" class="remove"></script>
+
+ <script class="remove">
+ function updateGlossaryRefs() {
+ $('.glossary-ref').each(function(index) {
+ var ref=$(this).attr('ref');
+ var span=$(this).attr('withspan')
+ $('#'+ref+'.glossary').contents().clone().appendTo($(this));
+ $(this).attr('prov:hadOriginalSource',glossary_hg);
+ if (span) {
+ $(this).children('dfn').replaceWith(function(){return $('<span>').addClass('dfn').append($(this).contents())});
+ }
+ });
+ }
+ $(document).ready(function(){
+ // if glossary is in a string:
+ $('#glossary_div').html(glossary_string)
+ updateGlossaryRefs();
+ });
+
+ </script>
+
+ <script class="remove">
+ var addExtraReferences = function() {
+ for (var k in extraReferences)
+ berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
+ };
+ var extraReferences = {
+ "CLOCK":
+ "Lamport, L. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
+ "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
+ "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
+ "CSP":
+ "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
+ "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
+ "Logic":
+ "W. E. Johnson"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
+ "1924. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
+ "PROV-SEM":
+ "James Cheney "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Work in progress. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
+
+ "PROV-PRIMER":
+ "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-O":
+ "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-DM":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\"><cite>PROV-DM Constraints</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-ASN":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\"><cite>PROV-ASN ....</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-AQ":
+ "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
+ };
+ var respecConfig = {
+ // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
+ specStatus: "ED",
+
+ // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
+ shortName: "prov-dm",
+
+ // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
+ // formal title, define it here
+ //subtitle : "Some speculative write-ups, for discussion before integration in the data model",
+
+ // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
+ // publishDate: "2011-10-18",
+
+ // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
+ // the start date here:
+ // copyrightStart: "2005"
+
+ // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
+ // and its maturity status
+ //previousPublishDate: "2011-12-15",
+ //previousMaturity: "WD",
+
+ // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
+ edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/working-copy/towards-wd4.html",
+
+ // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
+ // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
+
+ // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
+ // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
+ extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "./extra.css"],
+
+ // editors, add as many as you like
+ // only "name" is required
+ editors: [
+ { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
+ company: "University of Southampton" },
+ { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
+ company: "Newcastle University" },
+ ],
+
+ // authors, add as many as you like.
+ // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
+ // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
+
+
+ // name of the WG
+ wg: "Provenance Working Group",
+
+ // URI of the public WG page
+ wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
+
+ // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
+ wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
+
+ // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
+ // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
+ // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
+ // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
+ // Team Contact.
+ wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
+
+ // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
+ preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
+ };
+ </script>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+
+ <section id="abstract">
+<p>
+<b>Editors' working copy can change at any time. </b>
+</p>
+ </section>
+
+<section id="sotd">
+<b>Editors' working copy can change at any time. </b>
+</section>
+
+
+<div class="buttonpanel">
+<form action="#"><p>
+<input id="hide-asn" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','withAsn','none');set_display_by_class('span','withAsn','none'); set_display_by_id('hide-asn','none'); set_display_by_id('show-asn','');" type="button"
+value="Hide ASN" />
+<input id="show-asn" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','withAsn',''); set_display_by_class('span','withAsn',''); set_display_by_id('hide-asn',''); set_display_by_id('show-asn','none');" style="display: none"
+type="button" value="Show ASN" />
+</p>
+</form>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='note' id='changes'>
+<p> Following F2F2 guidance, in this document we try to:
+<ul>
+<li> pitch from the start the idea of an upgrade path, from 'scruffy provenance' (term TBD), to 'precise provenance' (term TBD)
+<li> formulate concepts without referring to things, just in term of entities, the intent is that the semantics only refers to things
+<li> introduce concepts minimally, just to be able to express 'scruffy provenance'
+<li> present the data model
+<li>present the upgrade path
+<li>contemplating the organization of the deliverable in two/three separate documents.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class='note' id='editorial-notes'>
+<ul>
+<li> Term 'record' dropped: we no longer refer to 'entity record', 'activity record', etc but simply to 'entity', 'activity', etc
+<li> Aiming to drop the word 'assertion'. This is work in progress.
+<li> Aiming to drop the word 'characterization'.
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+ <section id="introduction">
+ <h2>Introduction<br>
+</h2>
+
+<p>
+For the purpose of this specification, <dfn>provenance</dfn> is defined as a record that describes the people,
+institutions, entities, and activities, involved in producing,
+influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a thing in the world.
+In particular, the provenance of information is crucial in deciding
+whether information is to be trusted, how it should be integrated with
+other diverse information sources, and how to give credit to its
+originators when reusing it. In an open and inclusive environment
+such as the Web, where users find information that is often contradictory or
+questionable, provenance can help those users to make trust judgements.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+The idea that a single way of representing and collecting provenance could be adopted internally by all systems does not seem to be realistic today. Instead, a pragmatic approach is to
+consider a core data model for provenance that allows domain and application specific representations of provenance to be translated into such a data model and exchanged between systems.
+Heterogeneous systems can then export their provenance into such a core data model, and applications that need to make sense of provenance in heterogeneous systems can then import it,
+process it, and reason over it.</p>
+
+<p>Thus, the vision is that different provenance-aware systems natively adopt their own model for representing their provenance, but a core provenance data model can be readily adopted as a
+provenance <em>interchange</em> model across such systems.</p>
+
+<p>A set of specifications, referred to as the PROV family of specifications, define the various aspects
+that are necessary to achieve this vision in an interoperable
+way:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>A data model for provenance, which is presented in three documents:
+<ul>
+<li> PROV-DM (part I): the provenance data model itself, expressed in natural language (this document);
+<li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS (part II): constraints underpinning the data model [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]];
+<li> PROV-ASN (part III): a notation to express instances of that data model for human consumption [[PROV-ASN]];
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>PROV-O: a normative serialization of PROV-DM in RDF [[!PROV-O]], specified by means of a mapping to the OWL2 Web Ontology Language [[!OWL2-SYNTAX]];</li>
+<li>PROV-AQ: the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [[PROV-AQ]];</li>
+<li>PROV-PRIMER: a primer for the PROV approach [[PROV-PRIMER]];</li>
+<li>PROV-SEM: semantics of the PROV-DM data model [[PROV-SEM]];</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<p>
+The PROV-DM data model for provenance consists of a set of core
+concepts, and a few common relations, based on these core concepts. PROV-DM is a domain-agnostic model, but with clear extensibility points allowing further domain-specific and
+application-specific extensions to be defined.</p>
+
+<p>This specification intentionally presents the key concepts of the PROV Data Model, without drilling down into all its subtleties. Using these key concepts, it becomes possible to write useful provenance assertions very quickly, and publish or embed them along side the data they relate to. </p>
+
+<p>However, it becomes challenging for provenance, like for any other form of metadata, when the data it is about changes. To address this challenge, an <em>upgrade path</em> is proposed to enrich simple provenance, with extra-descriptions that help qualify the subject of provenance and provenance itself, with attributes and interval, intended to satisfy a comprehensive set of constraints. These aspects are covered in the companion specification [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]].
+</p>
+
+
+ <section id="structure-of-this-document">
+<h3>Structure of this Document</h3>
+
+<p><a href="#prov-dm-overview">Section 2</a> provides an overview of PROV-DM listing its core types and their relations.</p>
+
+<p>In <a href="#prov-dm-example">section 3</a>, PROV-DM is
+applied to a short scenario, encoded in PROV-ASN, and illustrated
+graphically.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#data-model-concepts">Section 4</a> provides the definition of PROV-DM.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#common-relations">Section 5</a> introduces further relations offered by PROV-DM, including relations for data collections and domain-independent common relations.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#extensibility-section">Section 6</a> summarizes PROV-DM extensibility points.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#FurtherConsiderations">Section 7</a> introduces constraints that can be applied to the PROV data model
+and that are covered in [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]].</p>
+
+
+ </section>
+
+<section id="prov-dm-namespace">
+ <h3>PROV-DM Namespace</h3>
+
+
+<p>The PROV-DM namespace is <span class="name">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-dm/</span> (TBC).</p>
+
+<p> All the elements, relations, reserved names and attributes introduced in this specification belong to the PROV-DM namespace.</p>
+
+<div class="issue">
+There is a desire to use a single namespace that all specifications of the PROV family can share to refer to common provenance terms. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/224">ISSUE-224</a>.
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+
+ <section id="conventions">
+<h3>Conventions</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
+ NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
+ "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
+ [[!RFC2119]].</p>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+ <section id='conceptualization'>
+<h1>Overview</h1>
+
+This section provides an overview of the main elements and relations of the PROV data model.
+
+
+
+ <section id='section-entity-activity-agent'>
+<h2>Entity, Activity, Agent</h2>
+
+
+<p>PROV-DM is a data model for describing the provenance of <em>Entities</em>, that is, of things in the world. The term "Things" encompasses a broad diversity of concepts, including digital objects such as a file or web page,
+physical things such as a building or a printed book, or a car as well as abstract concepts and ideas. One can regard any Web resource as an example of Entity in this context. </p>
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-entity">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="entity-example">
+<p>An entity may be the document at URI <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>, a file in a file system, a car or an idea.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-activity"></span> Activities that operate on digital entities may for example move, copy, or duplicate them.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="activity-example">
+<p>An activity may be the publishing of a document on the web, sending a twitter message, extracting metadata embedded in a file, or driving a car from Boston to Cambridge, assembling a data set based on a set of measurements, performing a statistical analysis over a data set, sorting news items according to some criteria, running a SPARQL query over a triple store, and editing a file.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-agent">
+</span>
+</p>
+
+
+<p>The key purpose of agents is to assign responsibility
+ for activities.
+The definition of agent intentionally stays away from using concepts such as enabling, causing, initiating, affecting, etc, because many entities also enable, cause, initiate, and affect in some way
+the activities. So the notion of having some degree of responsibility is really what makes an agent.</p>
+
+
+<p>An agent is a particular type of Entity. This means that the model can be
+ used to express provenance of the agents themselves. </p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="agent-example">
+<p>
+Software for checking the use of grammar in a document may be defined as an agent of a document preparation activity, and at the same time one can describe its provenance, including for instance the vendor and the version history.</p>
+</div>
+</section>
+
+
+
+ <section id="section-generation-usage-derivation">
+<h2>Generation, Usage, Derivation</h2>
+
+<p>Activities and entities are associated with each other in two different ways: activities are consumers of entities and activities are producers of entities. For the purpose of provenance, we define the following notions of generation and usage. </p>
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-generation">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-usage">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+
+<p><div class="anexample" id="generation-example">
+Examples of generation are the completed creation of a file by a
+program, the completed creation of a linked data set, and the completed
+publication of a new version of a document.
+</div>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<div class="anexample" id="usage-example">
+Usage examples include a procedure beginning to consume an argument, a service starting to read a value on a port, a program beginning to read a configuration
+file, or the point at which an ingredient, such as eggs, is being added in a baking activity. Usage may entirely consume an entity (e.g. eggs are no longer available after being added to
+the mix); alternatively, a same entity may be used multiple times, possibly by different activities (e.g. a file on a file system can be read indefinitely).
+</div></p>
+
+
+<p>Activities are consumers of entities and producers of entities. In some case, the consumption of an entity influences the creation of another in some way. This notion is captured by derivations, defined as follows.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-derivation">
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="derivation-example">
+<p>Examples of derivation include the transformation of a relational table into a
+linked data set, the transformation of a canvas into a painting, the transportation of a work of art from London to New York, and a physical transformation such as the melting of ice into water.</p>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+ <section id="section-types-entities-agents">
+<h2>Types of Entities and Agents</h2>
+
+<p>There are some useful types of entities and agents that are commonly encountered in applications making data and documents available on the Web; we introduce them in this section. </p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-plan">
+</span>
+PROV-DM is not
+prescriptive about the nature of plans, their representation, the
+actions or steps they consist of, or their intended goals. Since plans may evolve over time,
+it may become necessary to track their provenance, so plans themselves are
+entities.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="plan-example">
+<p>
+A plan can be a blog post tutorial for how to set up a web server, a list of instructions for a micro-processor execution, a cook's written recipe for a chocolate cake, or a workflow for a scientific experiment.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-collection"></span> This concept allows for the provenance of the collection, but also of its constituents to be expressed. Such a notion of collection corresponds to a wide variety of concrete data structures, such as a <em>maps</em>, <em>dictionaries</em> or <em>associative arrays</em>.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="collection-example">
+<p>
+An example of collection is an archive of documents. Each document has its own provenance, but the archive itself also has some provenance: who maintained it, which documents it contained at which point in time, how it was assembled, etc.
+</div>
+
+
+<!-- alternative names: provenance record, bundle -->
+<p>An <dfn title="concept-accountEntity">AccountEntity</dfn> is an entity that contains a bundle of provenance assertions. </p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="account-example">
+<p>
+Having found a resource, a user may want to retrieve its
+provenance. For users to decide whether they can place their trust in
+that resource, they may want to analyze its provenance, but also determine
+who the provenance is attributed to, and when it was
+generated. Hence, from the PROV-DM data model, the provenance is
+regarded as an entity, an AccountEntity, for which provenance can be
+sought.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Three types of agents are recognized by PROV-DM because they are commonly encountered in applications making data and documents available on the Web: persons, software agents, and organizations.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="software-agents-example">
+<p> Even software agents can be assigned some responsibility for the effects they have in the world, so for example if one is using a Text Editor and one's laptop crashes, then one would say
+that the Text Editor was responsible for crashing the laptop. If one invokes a service to buy a book, that service can be considered responsible for drawing funds from one's bank to make
+the purchase (the company that runs the service and the web site would also be responsible, but the point here is that we assign some measure of responsibility to software as well). </p>
+</div>
+<p>So when
+someone models software as an agent for an activity in the PROV-DM model, they mean the agent has some responsibility for that activity.</p>
+</section>
+
+ <section id="section-responsibility">
+<h2>Activity Association and Responsibility Chain</h2>
+
+
+
+
+
+<p>It is important to reflect that there is a degree in the
+responsibility of agents, and that is a major reason for
+distinguishing among all the agents that have some association with an
+activity and determine which ones are really the originators of the
+entity. For example, a programmer and a researcher could both be
+associated with running a workflow, but it may not matter which
+programmer clicked the button to start the workflow while it would
+matter a lot which researcher told the programmer to do so. So there
+is some notion of responsibility that needs to be captured. </p>
+
+<!-- <div class="note"> to be revisited for WD5. Paolo's proposed text: "Agents are defined in sec. 2.1 as having some kind of responsibility for activities. However, one may want to be more specific regarding the degrees of an agent's responsibility. For example, ..."</div>
+-->
+
+
+<p>Provenance reflects activities that have occurred. In some
+cases, those activities reflect the execution of a plan that was
+designed in advance to guide the execution. PROV-DM allows attaching
+a plan to an activity, which represents what was intended to
+happen. Representing the plan explicitly in the provenance can be useful for various tasks: for example, to
+validate the execution as represented in the provenance record, to
+manage expectation failures, or to provide explanations.</p>
+
+<!-- <div class="note">Proposal: remove the above para as it repeats from 2.3. Proposed text: "the <em>activity association</em> relation provides a way to indicate that an agent is responsible for an activity, possibly with an associated plan."[PM]</div> -->
+
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-activityAssociation"></span>
+</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="association-example">
+<p>Examples of association between an activity and agent are:
+<ul>
+<li>creation of a web page under the guidance of a designer;</li>
+<li>various forms of participation in a panel discussion, including audience member, panelist, or panel chair;</li>
+<li>a public event, sponsored by a company, and hosted by a museum;</li>
+<li>an XSLT transform initiated by a user;</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-responsibilityChain">
+</span> The nature of this relation is intended to be broad, including delegation or a contractual relation. </p>
+
+<!--<div class="note">Propose to rephrase as follows: <br/>
+A relation between two agents, denoted <dfn title="concept-responsibilityChain">actedOnBehalfOf</dfn> indicates that
+ that a "subordinate" agent acted on behalf of a "responsible" agent, in the context of an activity. The nature of this relation is intended to be broad, including delegation or a contractual relation.
+ When this relation is used transitively, i.e., one agent acts on behalf of another, who also acts on behalf of another, etc., these relations form a <dfn title="concept-responsibilityChain">responsibility chain</dfn>.
+</div>-->
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="responsibilityChain-example">
+<p>A student publishing a web page describing an academic
+department could result in both the student and the department being
+agents associated with the activity, and it may not matter which
+student published a web page but it matters a lot that the department
+told the student to put up the web page.
+</p>
+</div>
+</section>
+
+
+ <section id="section-UML">
+<h2>Overview Diagram</h2>
+
+<p> The following diagram summarizes the elements and relations just described</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+ TODO: short text required to explain the overview diagram
+</div>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center; ">
+ <figure>
+
+ <img src="OverviewDiagram.svg" alt="PROV-DM overview" style="max-width: 70%; " />
+
+<figcaption>PROV-DM overview</figcaption>
+ </figure>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+</section>
+<!-- </section> -->
+
+<section id="prov-dm-example">
+<h2>Example</h2>
+
+
+<p>In this example, we consider the second version of the PROV-DM document
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215</a>. Its provenance can be expressed from several perspectives, which we present. In the first one, provenance is concerned with the W3C process, whereas in the second one, it takes the authors' viewpoint. </p>
+
+
+<section id="section-example-a">
+<h3>The Process View</h3>
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+
+In this section, we show the kind of provenance record that the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium">WWW Consortium</a> could keep for auditors to check that due processes are followed. All entities involved in this example are Web resources, with well defined URIs (some of which locating archived email messages, available to W3C Members).</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li> Two versions of the technical report are involved: <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> (second working draft) and <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span> (first working draft);</li>
+<li> Both <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> and <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span> were published by the WWW Consortium agent (<span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium">w3:Consortium</a></span>); </li>
+<li> The publication activity for <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> is <span class="name">ex:pub2</span>;</li>
+<li> The publication activity for <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span> is <span class="name">ex:pub1</span>;
+</li>
+
+<li> The report <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> is derived from <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span>;</li>
+
+<li> The publication activity <span class="name">ex:pub1</span> used a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq">publication request</a> (<span class="name"><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/2011Oct/0141">ar2:0141</a></span>) and a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#transreq">transition request</a> (<span class="name"><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/chairs/2011OctDec/0004">ar1:0004</a></span>);</li>
+<li> The publication activity <span class="name">ex:pub1</span> used a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq">publication request</a> (<span class="name"><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/2011Dec/0111">ar3:0111</a></span>);</li>
+<li> Technical reports were published according to the process rules (<span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#rec-advance">pr:rec-advance</a></span>), a plan in PROV-DM terminology.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+We now paraphrase some PROV-DM assertions, and illustrate them with the PROV-ASN notation, a notation for PROV-DM aimed at human consumption. Full details of the provenance record can be found <a href="examples/w3c-publication1.prov-asn">here</a>.
+
+<ul>
+<li>There is a technical report, a working draft on the recommendation track (<a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#RecsWD">pr:RecsWD</a>), which is regarded as an entity so that we can describe its provenance. Similar descriptions exist for all entities.
+<pre>
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+</pre>
+</li>
+<li>There is a publication activity.
+<pre>
+activity(ex:pub2,,,[prov:type="publish"])
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>The technical report was generated by the publication activity: this is a <a title="concept-Generation">Generation</a>.
+<pre>
+wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:pub2)
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+
+<li>The second draft of the technical report was derived from the first draft of the technical report: this is a <a title="concept-Derivation">Derivation</a>.
+<pre>
+wasDerivedFrom(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018)
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>The activity required a publication request: this is a <a title="concept-Usage">Usage</a>.
+<pre>
+used(ex:pub2,ar3:0111)
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>The activity was associated with the Consortium agent, and proceeded according to its publication policy: this is an <a title="concept-activityAssociation">Activity Association</a>.
+<pre>
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:pub2, w3:Consortium @ pr:rec-advance)
+</pre>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+Provenance descriptions can be <em>illustrated</em> graphically. The illustration is not intended to represent all the details of the model, but it is intended to show the essence of a set of
+provenance statements. Therefore, it should not be seen as an alternate notation for expressing provenance.</p>
+
+<p>The graphical illustration takes the form of a graph. Entities, activities and agents are represented as nodes, with oval, rectangular, and octagonal shapes, respectively. Usage,
+Generation, Derivation, and Activity Association are represented as directed edges.</p>
+
+<p>Entities are laid out according to the ordering of their generation event. We endeavor to show time progressing from top to bottom. This means that edges for Usage, Generation and
+Derivation typically point upwards.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+ <figure>
+ <img src="examples/w3c-publication1.png" alt="Provenance of a Tech Report" style="max-width: 70%; "/>
+<figcaption>Provenance of a Tech Report</figcaption>
+ </figure>
+</div>
+
+<div class='note'>
+Illustration to be hand crafted instead of being generated automatically. It's important to adopt a common style for all illustrations across all PROV documents.
+</div>
+
+
+<p> This simple example has shown a variety of PROV-DM constructs, such as Entity, Agent, Activity, Usage, Generation, Derivation, and ActivityAssociation. In this example, it happens that all entities were already Web resources, with readily available URIs, which we used. We note that some of the resources are public, whereas others have restricted access: provenance statements only make use of their identifiers. If identifiers do not pre-exist, e.g. for activities, then they can be minted, for instance <span class="name">ex:pub2</span>, occurring in the namespace identified by prefix <span class="name">ex</span>. We note that the URI scheme developed by W3C is particularly suited for expressing provenance of these reports, since each URI denotes a specific version of a report. It then becomes very easy to relate the various versions, with PROV-DM constructs. </p>
+
+
+</section>
+<section id="section-example-b">
+<h3>The Authors View</h3>
+
+<p>In this section, we consider another perspective on technical report
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215</a>. Here, provenance is concerned with the document editing activity, as perceived by authors. This kind of information could be used by authors in their CV or in a narrative about this document. </p>
+
+<ul>
+<li> The same technical report is involved: <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span>;</li>
+<li> An editing activity for <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> is <span class="name">ex:edit1</span>;</li>
+<li> The report <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> is generated by activity <span class="name">ex:edit1</span>;</li>
+<li> Several persons are associated with activity <span class="name">ex:edit1</span>, some in an editorial role, some in a contributor's role.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Again, we paraphrase some PROV-DM assertions, and illustrate them with the PROV-ASN notation.
+Full details of the provenance record can be found <a href="examples/w3c-publication3.prov-asn">here</a>.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>There is a technical report, which from the author's perspective is a document in its second version.
+<pre>
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
+</pre>
+<p>While this description is about the same report <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span>, its details differ from the author's perspective: it is a document and it has a version number. </p></li>
+
+<li>There is an editing activity.
+<pre>
+activity(ex:edit1,,,[prov:type="edit"])
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>The technical report was generated by the editing activity: this is a <a title="concept-generation">Generation</a>.
+<pre>
+wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1)
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+
+<li>There are some agents.
+<pre>
+agent(ex:Paolo, [ prov:type="Human" ])
+agent(ex:Simon, [ prov:type="Human" ])
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>Agents were assigned various responsibilities in the editing activity: contributor and editor.
+<pre>
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Paolo, [prov:role="editor"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Simon, [prov:role="contributor"])
+</pre>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+ <figure>
+ <img src="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/images/c/cd/W3c-publication3.png" alt="Provenance of a Tech Report (b)" style="max-width: 98%; "/>
+<figcaption id="prov-tech-report">Provenance of a Tech Report (b)</figcaption>
+ </figure>
+</div>
+</section>
+
+<section id="section-example-c">
+<h3>Attribution of Provenance</h3>
+
+<p>The two previous sections provide two different perspectives on the provenance of a technical report. By design, the PROV approach allows for the provenance of a subject to be provided by multiple sources. For users to decide whether they can place their trust in the technical report, they may want to analyze its provenance, but also determine
+who the provenance is attributed to, and when it was
+generated, etc. In other words, we need to be able to express the provenance of provenance.</p>
+
+<p>No new mechanism is required to support this requirement. PROV-DM makes the assumption that provenance statements have been bundled up, and named, by some mechanism outside the scope of PROV-DM. For instance, in this case, provenance statements were put in a file and exposed on the Web, respectively at <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/working-copy/examples/w3c-publication1.prov-asn">ex:prov1</a> and <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/working-copy/examples/w3c-publication3.prov-asn">ex:prov3</a>. To express their respective provenance, these resources must be seen as entities, and all the constructs of PROV-DM are now available to characterize their provenance. In the example below, <span class="name">ex:prov1</span> is attributed to the agent <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>, whereas <span class="name">ex:prov3</span> to <span class="name">ex:Simon</span>.
+
+<pre>
+entity(ex:prov1, [prov:type="prov:AccountEntity" %% xsd:QName ])
+wasAttributedTo(ex1:prov1,w3:Consortium)
+
+entity(ex:prov3, [prov:type="prov:AccountEntity" %% xsd:QName ])
+wasAttributedTo(ex1:prov3,ex:Simon)
+</pre>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="data-model-concepts">
+
+<h2>PROV-DM Core</h2>
+
+<p>In this section, we revisit each concept introduction in <a href='#conceptualization'>Section 2</a>, and provide its detailed definition in the PROV data model, in terms of its various constituents. </p>
+
+<p>In PROV-DM, we distinguish elements from relations, which are respectively discussed in
+<a href='#term-element'>Section 4.1</a> and <a href='#term-relation'>Section 4.2</a>.</p>
+
+<section id="term-element">
+<h3>Element</h3>
+
+
+ <section id="term-Entty">
+
+<h4>Entity</h4>
+
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-entity" withspan='true'></div>
+
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-entity">An entity<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">entity(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-ASN, </span> contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>id</em>: an identifier identifying an entity; </li>
+<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs representing this entity's situation in the world.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following expression</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
+</pre>
+states the existence of an entity, denoted by identifier <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>, with type <span class="name">document</span> and version number <span class="name">2</span>. The attributes <span class="name">ex:version</span> is application specific, whereas the attribute <span
+class="name">type</span> is reserved in the PROV-DM namespace.
+<!--The following expression</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
+entity(e0, [ prov:type="File", ex:path="/shared/crime.txt", ex:creator="Alice" ])
+</pre>
+states the existence of an entity, denoted by identifier <span class="name">e0</span>, with type <span class="name">File</span> and path <span class="name">/shared/crime.txt</span> in the
+file system, and creator alice. The attributes <span class="name">path</span> and <span class="name">creator</span> are application specific, whereas the attribute <span
+class="name">type</span> is reserved in the PROV-DM namespace.-->
+</div>
+
+<p>Further considerations:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>The sets of Activities and Entities are disjoint, as explained below.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<div class='issue'>The characterization interval of an entity is currently implicit. Making it explicit would allow us to define wasComplementOf more precisely.
+Beginning and end of characterization interval could be expressed by attributes (similarly to activities).
+How do we define the end of an entity? This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/204">ISSUE-204</a>.
+</div>
+
+
+ <div class="issue">
+There is still some confusion about what the identifiers really denote. For instance, are they entity identifiers or entity record identifiers. This is <a
+href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/183">ISSUE-183</a>.
+An example and questions appear in <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/215">ISSUE-215</a>. A related issued is also raised in <a
+href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/145">ISSUE-145</a>.
+</div>
+
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="term-Activity">
+
+<h3>Activity</h3>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-activity" withspan='true'></div>
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-activity"> An activity<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">activity(id, st, et, [ attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>id</em>: an identifier identifying an activity;</li>
+<li><em>startTime</em>: an OPTIONAL time for the start of the activity;</li>
+<li><em>endTime</em>: an OPTIONAL time for the end of the activity;</li>
+<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs for this activity.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following expression</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(a1,2011-11-16T16:05:00,2011-11-16T16:06:00,
+ [ex:host="server.example.org",prov:type="ex:edit" %% xsd:QName])
+</pre>
+<p>states the existence of an activity with identifier <span class="name">a1</span>, start time <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:05:00</span>, and end time <span
+class="name">2011-11-16T16:06:00</span>, running on host <span class="name">server.example.org</span>, and of type <span class="name">edit</span>. The attribute <span class="name">host</span> is application specific (declared in some namespace with prefix <span class="name">ex</span>). The attribute <span
+class="name">type</span> is a reserved attribute of PROV-DM, allowing for sub-typing to be expressed.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>Further considerations:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>An activity is not an entity.
+Indeed, an entity exists in full at
+any point in its lifetime, persists during this
+interval, and preserves the characteristics that makes it
+identifiable. In contrast, an activity is something that happens,
+unfolds or develops through time, but is typically not identifiable by
+the characteristics it exhibits at any point during its duration.
+This distinction is similar to the distinction between
+'continuant' and 'occurrent' in logic [[Logic]].</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Agent">
+<h3>Agent</h3>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-agent" withspan='true'></div>
+
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-agent">An agent<span class="withAsn">, noted <span class="name">agent(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>id</em>: an identifier identifying an agent;</li>
+<li><em>attributes</em>: a set of attribute-value pairs representing this agent's situation in the world.
+</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+
+<p>
+From an interoperability perspective, it is useful to define some basic categories of agents since
+it will improve the use of provenance by applications.
+There should be very few of these basic categories to keep the model simple and accessible.
+There are three types of agents in the model since they are common across most anticipated domains of use:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="name">Human</span>: agents of type Human are people. (This type is equivalent to a "foaf:person" [[FOAF]])</li>
+<li><span class="name">Organization</span>: agents of type Organization are social institutions such as companies, societies etc. (This type is equivalent to a "foaf:organization"
+[[FOAF]])</li>
+<li><span class="name">ComputingSystem</span>: a computing system agent is a piece of software and/or hardware. </li>
+</ul>
+<p>These types are mutually exclusive, though they do not cover all kinds of agent. </p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following expression is about an agent identified by <span class="name">e1</span>, which is a person, named Alice, with employee number 1234.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+agent(e1, [ex:employee="1234", ex:name="Alice", prov:type="prov:Human" %% xsd:QName])
+</pre>
+<p>It is optional to specify the type of an agent. When present, it is expressed using the <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class='issue'> Shouldn't we allow for entities (not agent) to be associated with an activity? Should we drop the inference association-agent? <a
+href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/203">ISSUE-203</a>.</div>
+
+</section>
+
+ <section id="term-note">
+
+<h4>Note</h4>
+
+<p>As provenance descriptions are exchanged between systems, it may be useful to add extra-information to what they are describing. For instance, a "trust service" may add value-judgements about the
+trustworthiness of some of the entities or agents involved. Likewise, an interactive visualization component may want to enrich a set of provenance descriptions with information helping reproduce their
+visual representation. To help with interoperability, PROV-DM introduces a simple annotation mechanism allowing anything that is identifiable to be associated with notes.</p>
+
+<p>A <dfn title="dfn-note">note</dfn><span class="withAsn">, noted <span class="name">note(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>id</em>: an identifier identifying the note;</li>
+<li><em>attributes</em>: a set of attribute-value pairs, whose meaning is application specific.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<p>A separate PROV-DM relation is used to associate a note with something that is identifiable (see <a href="#term-annotation">Section on annotation</a>). A given note may be associated with
+multiple identifiable things.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following note consists of a set of application-specific attribute-value pairs, intended
+to help the rendering of what it is associated with, by
+specifying its color and its position on the screen.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+note(ex2:n1,[ex2:color="blue", ex2:screenX=20, ex2:screenY=30])
+hasAnnotation(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex2:n1)
+</pre>
+<p>The note is associated with the entity <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> previously introduced (<a title="annotation">hasAnnotation</a> is
+discussed in Section <a href="#term-annotation">Annotation</a>). The note's identifier and attributes are declares in a separate namespace denoted by prefix <span class="name">ex2</span>.
+</p>
+
+<p>Alternatively, a reputation service may enrich a provenance record with notes providing reputation ratings about agents. In the following fragment, both agents <span class="name">ex:Simon</span> and <span class="name">ex:Paolo</span> are rated "excellent".</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+note(ex3:n2,[ex3:reputation="excellent"])
+hasAnnotation(ex:Simon,ex3:n2)
+hasAnnotation(ex:Paolo,ex3:n2)
+</pre>
+<p>The note's identifier and attributes are declares in a separate namespace denoted by prefix <span class="name">ex3</span>.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="term-relation">
+<h3>Relation</h3>
+
+<p>
+This section describes all the PROV-DM relations between the elements introduced in <a href="#term-element">Section Element</a>. While these relations are not
+binary, they all involve two primary elements. They can be summarized as follows. </p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption>PROV-DM Core Relation Summary</caption>
+<tr><td></td><td>Entity</td><td>Activity</td><td>Agent</td><td>Note</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Entity</td><td><a title="derivations">wasDerivedFrom</a><br><a title="dfn-alternate">alternateOf</a><br><a title="dfn-specialization">specializationOf</a></td><td><a
+title="dfn-Generation">wasGeneratedBy</a></td><td>—</td><td><a title="dfn-annotation">hasAnnotation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Activity</td><td><a title="usage">used</a></td><td>—</td><td><a title="start record">wasStartedBy</a><br><a title="end record">wasEndedBy</a><br><a title="dfn-activity-association">wasAssociatedWith</a></td><td><a title="dfn-annotation">hasAnnotation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Agent</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td><a title="dfn-responsibility-chain">actedOnBehalfOf</a></td><td><a title="dfn-annotation">hasAnnotation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Note</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td><a title="dfn-annotation">hasAnnotation</a></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<section id="activity-entity-relation">
+<h3>Activity-Entity Relation</h3>
+
+<section id="term-Generation">
+<h4>Generation</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-generation" withspan='true'></div>
+
+<p>
+<div class="attributes" id="attributes-generation"><dfn title="dfn-Generation">Generation</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id,e,a,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> has the following components:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying a generation;</li>
+<li><em>entity</em>: an identifier identifying a created entity; </li>
+<li><em>activity</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the activity that creates the entity;</li>
+
+<li><em>time</em>: an OPTIONAL "generation time", the time at which the entity was completely created;</li>
+
+<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that describes the modalities of generation of this entity by this activity.</li>
+</ul></div>
+<p>While each of the components <em>activity</em>, <em>time</em>, and <em>attributes</em> is OPTIONAL, at least one of them MUST be present.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class='anexample'>
+<p>
+The following expressions</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ wasGeneratedBy(e1,a1, 2001-10-26T21:32:52, [ex:port="p1", ex:order=1])
+ wasGeneratedBy(e2,a1, 2001-10-26T10:00:00, [ex:port="p1", ex:order=2])
+</pre>
+<p>state the existence of two generations (with respective times <span class="name">2001-10-26T21:32:52</span> and <span
+class="name">2001-10-26T10:00:00</span>), at which new entities, identified by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, are created by an
+activity, identified by <span class="name">a1</span>.
+The first one is available as the first value on port p1, whereas the other is the second value on port p1. The semantics of <span class="name">port</span> and <span
+class="name">order</span> are application specific.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class='anexample'>
+<p>
+In some cases, we may want to record the time at which an entity was generated without having to specify the activity that generated it. To support this requirement, the activity component in generation is optional. Hence, the following expression indicates the time at which an entity is generated, without naming the activity that did it.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ wasGeneratedBy(e,,2001-10-26T21:32:52)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="term-Usage">
+<h3>Usage</h3>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-usage" withspan='true'></div>
+
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-usage"><dfn title="dfn-Usage">Usage</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">used(id,a,e,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> has the following constituents:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying a usage;</li>
+<li><em>activity</em>: an identifier for the consuming activity;</li>
+<li><em>entity</em>: an identifier for the consumed entity;</li>
+<li><em>time</em>: an OPTIONAL "usage time", the time at which the entity started to be used;</li>
+<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that describe the modalities of usage of this entity by this activity.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+<p>
+A reference to a given entity MAY appear in multiple usages that share
+ a given activity identifier.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class='anexample'>
+<p>The following usages</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ used(a1,e1,2011-11-16T16:00:00,[ex:parameter="p1"])
+ used(a1,e2,2011-11-16T16:00:01,[ex:parameter="p2"])
+</pre>
+<p>state that the activity identified by <span class="name">a1</span> consumed two entities identified by <span
+class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, at times <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> and <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:01</span>, respectively; the first
+one was found as the value of parameter <span class="name">p1</span>, whereas the second was found as value of parameter <span class="name">p2</span>. The semantics of <span
+class="name">parameter</span> is application specific.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class='note'>
+
+
+
+<p>
+A usage record's id is OPTIONAL. It MUST be present when annotating usage records (see Section <a href="#term-annotation">Annotation Record</a>) or when defining precise-1 derivations (see
+<a href="#Derivation-Relation">Derivation</a>).</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="activity-agent-relation">
+<h3>Activity-Agent Relation</h3>
+
+<section id="term-ActivityAssociation">
+<h4>Activity Association</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-activityAssociation" withspan='true'></div>
+
+<p>As far as responsibility is concerned, PROV-DM offers two kinds of constructs. The first, introduced in this section, is a relation between an agent, a plan, and an activity; the second, introduced in <a
+href="#term-responsibility">Section Responsibility</a>, is a relation between agents expressing that an agent was acting on behalf of another, in the context of an activity. </p>
+
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-activity-association">An <dfn title="dfn-activity-association">activity association</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(id,a,ag,pl,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> has the following
+constituents:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the association between an activity and an agent;</li>
+<li><em>activity</em>: an identifier for the activity;</li>
+<li><em>agent</em>: an identifier for the agent associated with the activity;</li>
+<li><em>plan</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the plan adopted by the agent in the context of this activity;
+<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that describe the modalities of association of this activity with this agent.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+In the following example, a designer and an operator agents are associated with an activity. The designer's goals are achieved by a workflow <span class="name">ex:wf</span>.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(ex:a,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
+agent(ex:ag1,[prov:type="operator"])
+agent(ex:ag2,[prov:type="designer"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a,ex:ag1,[prov:role="loggedInUser", ex:how="webapp"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a,ex:ag2,ex:wf,[prov:role="designer", ex:context="project1"])
+entity(ex:wf,[prov:type="prov:Plan"%% xsd:QName, ex:label="Workflow 1",
+ ex:url="http://example.org/workflow1.bpel" %% xsd:anyURI])
+</pre>
+Since the workflow <span class="name">ex:wf</span> is itself an entity, its provenance can also be expressed in PROV-DM: it can be generated by some activity and derived from other entities,
+for instance.
+</div>
+
+<div class='issue'> The activity association record does not allow for a plan to be asserted without an agent.
+This seems over-restrictive. Discussed in the context of <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/203">ISSUE-203</a>.</div>
+
+
+<div class='issue'> Agents should not be inferred. WasAssociatedWith should also work with entities.
+This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/206">ISSUE-206</a>.</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Start-End">
+<h4>Activity Start and Activity End</h4>
+
+<p> A <dfn title="dfn-Start">activity start</dfn> is a representation of an agent starting an activity.
+ An <dfn title="dfn-End">activity end</dfn> is a representation of an agent ending an activity. Both relations are specialized forms of <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith</span>. They contain
+attributes describing the modalities of acting/ending activities.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>An activity start<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">wasStartedBy(id,a,ag,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the activity start;</li>
+<li><em>activity</em>: an identifier identifying the started activity;
+<li><em>agent</em>: an identifier for the agent starting the activity;
+<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs describing modalities according to which the agent started the activity.
+</ul>
+
+<p>An activity end<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">wasEndedBy(id,a,ag,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the activity end;</li>
+<li><em>activity</em>: an identifier identifying the ended activity;
+<li><em>agent</em>: an identifier for the agent ending the activity;
+<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs describing modalities according to which the agent ended the activity.
+</ul>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+In the following example,</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasStartedBy(a,ag,[ex:mode="manual"])
+wasEndedby(a,ag,[ex:mode="manual"])
+</pre>
+<p>there is an activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span>
+that was started and ended by an agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, in "manual" mode, an application specific characterization of these relations.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class='issue'>
+Should we define start/end records as representation of activity start/end events.
+Should time be associated with these events rather than with activities. This will be similar to what
+we do for entities. This is issue <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/207">ISSUE-207</a>.</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="entity-entity-agent-agent-relation">
+<h4>Entity-Entity or Agent-Agent Relation</h4>
+
+<section id="term-responsibility">
+
+<h4>Responsibility Chain</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-responsibilityChain" withspan='true'></div>
+
+<p>PROV-DM offers a mild version of responsibility
+in the form of a relation to represent when an agent acted on another
+agent's behalf. So in the example of someone running a mail program,
+the program is an agent of that activity and the person is also an
+agent of the activity, but we would also add that the mail software
+agent is running on the person's behalf. In the other example, the
+student acted on behalf of his supervisor, who acted on behalf of the
+department chair, who acts on behalf of the university, and all those
+agents are responsible in some way for the activity to take place but
+we do not say explicitly who bears responsibility and to what
+degree. </p>
+
+<p>We could also say that an agent can act on behalf of several other
+agents (a group of agents). This would also make possible to
+indirectly reflect chains of responsibility. This also indirectly
+reflects control without requiring that control is explicitly
+indicated. In some contexts there will be a need to represent
+responsibility explicitly, for example to indicate legal
+responsibility, and that could be added as an extension to this core
+model. Similarly with control, since in particular contexts there
+might be a need to define specific aspects of control that various
+agents exert over a given activity.</p>
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-responsibility-chain">A <dfn title="dfn-responsibility-chain">responsibility chain</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(id,ag2,ag1,a,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> has the following constituents:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the responsibility chain;</li>
+<li><em>subordinate</em>: an identifier for the agent associated with an activity, acting on behalf of the responsible
+agent;</li>
+<li><em>responsible</em>: an identifier for the agent, on behalf of which the subordinate agent acted;</li>
+<li><em>activity</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier of an activity for which the responsibility chain holds;</li>
+<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that describe the modalities of this relation.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+In the following example, a programmer, a researcher and a funder agents are described. The programmer and researcher are associated with a workflow activity. The programmer acts on behalf
+of the researcher (delegation) encoding the commands specified by the researcher; the researcher acts on behalf of the funder, who has an contractual agreement with the researcher. The terms
+'delegation' and 'contact' used in this example are domain specific.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(a,[prov:type="workflow"])
+agent(ag1,[prov:type="programmer"])
+agent(ag2,[prov:type="researcher"])
+agent(ag3,[prov:type="funder"])
+wasAssociatedWith(a,ag1,[prov:role="loggedInUser"])
+wasAssociatedWith(a,ag2)
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag1,ag2,a,[prov:type="delegation"])
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag2,ag3,a,[prov:type="contract"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="Derivation-Relation">
+<h4>Derivation</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-derivation" withspan='true'></div>
+
+
+<div class='note'>
+This text was not edited much. It keeps on referring to asserter/assertion. Before editing this section, we would like to have <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/249">ISSUE-249</a> resolved.
+</div>
+
+
+<p>According to <a href="#conceptualization">Section Conceptualization</a>, for an entity to be transformed from, created from, or affected by another in some way, there must be some
+underpinning activities performing the necessary actions resulting in such a derivation.
+However, asserters may not assert or have knowledge of these activities and associated details: they may not assert or know their number, they may not assert or know their identity, they may
+not assert or know the attributes characterizing how the relevant entities are used or generated. To accommodate the varying circumstances of the various asserters, PROV-DM allows more or
+less precise derivations to be asserted. Hence, PROV-DM uses the terms <em>precise</em> and <em>imprecise</em> to characterize the different kinds of derivations. We note
+that the derivation itself is exact (i.e., deterministic, non-probabilistic), but it is its description, expressed in a derivation assertion, that may be imprecise. </p>
+
+<p>The lack of precision may come from two sources:</p>
+<ul>
+<li> the number of activities that underpin a derivation is not asserted or known, or</li>
+<li> any of the other details that are involved in the derivation is not asserted or known; these include activity identities, generation and usage, and their attributes.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<p>Hence, we can consider two axis. An activity number axis that has values <em>single</em>, <em>multiple</em>, and <em>unknown</em>, respectively representing the case where one activity
+is known to have occurred, more than one activities are known to have occurred, or an unknown number of activities have occurred. Likewise, we can consider another axis to cover other
+details (identities, generation, usage, and attributes), with values <em>asserted</em> and <em>not asserted</em>. We can then form a matrix of possible derivations. Out of the six
+possibilities,
+PROV-DM offers three forms of derivations to cater for five of them, while the remaining one is not meaningful. The following table summarizes names for the three kinds of
+derivation, which we then explain.</p>
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption>PROV-DM Derivation Type Summary</caption>
+<tr><td colspan=2 rowspan=2></td><td colspan=2><em>other details</em> axis</td></tr>
+<tr><td>asserted</td><td>not asserted</td></tr>
+<tr><td rowspan=3><em>activity number</em><br>axis</td><td>single</td><td><a>precise-1 derivation</a></td><td><a>imprecise-1 derivation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>multiple</td><td><a>imprecise-n derivation</a></td><td rowspan=2><a>imprecise-n derivation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>unknown</td><td>—</td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<ul>
+<li> The asserter asserts that derivation is due to exactly one activity, and all the details are asserted. We call this a precise-1 derivation.</li>
+<li> The asserter asserts that derivation is due to exactly one activity, but other details, whether known or unknown, are not asserted. We call this an imprecise-1 derivation.</li>
+<li> The following cases are captured by an imprecise-n derivation.
+<ul>
+<li> The asserter knows that multiple activities are involved or ignores the number of activities involved in the derivation, and other details are not asserted. </li>
+<li> The asserter knows that multiple activities are involved in the derivation, and all their details are asserted. In this case, these activities are connected by means of generated and
+used intermediary entities. Despite all activities and details being known, there is no guarantee that any of these activities plays an active role in the derivation; hence, this case is
+also regarded as imprecise. Instead, precise derivations need to be expressed between these intermediary entities. </li>
+</ul>
+</ul>
+
+<p> We note that the last theoretical cases cannot occur, since
+ asserting the details of an unknown number of activities is a contradiction.
+</p>
+
+<p>In order to represent the number of activities in a derivation, we introduce a PROV-DM attribute <span class="name">steps</span>, which can take two possible values: <span
+class="name">single</span> and <span class="name">any</span>.
+When <span class="name">prov:steps="single"</span>, derivation is due to one activity; when <span class="name">prov:steps="any"</span>, the number of activities is multiple or not known.</p>
+
+
+<p>The three kinds of <dfn id="dfn-derivation">derivations</dfn> are successively introduced. Making use of the attribute <span class="name">steps</span>, we can distinguish the various derivation types.</p>
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-derivation">A <dfn>precise-1 derivation</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(id, e2, e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the derivation;</li>
+<li><em>generatedEntity</em>: the identifier of the generation entity;</li>
+<li><em>usedEntity</em>: the identifier of the used entity;</li>
+<li><em>activity</em>: the identifier of the activity using and generating the above entities;</li>
+<li><em>generation</em>: the identifier the generation for the generated entity and activity;</li>
+<li><em>usage</em>: the identifier of the usage for the used entity and activity;</li>
+<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that describe the modalities of this derivation, optionally including the attribute-value
+pair <span class="name">prov:steps="single"</span>.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<p>It is OPTIONAL to include the attribute <span class="name">prov:steps</span> in a precise-1 derivation since it already refers to the one and only one activity underpinning the
+derivation.</p>
+
+
+<p>An <dfn>imprecise-1 derivation</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(id, e2,e1, t, attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the derivation;</li>
+<li><em>generatedEntity</em>: the identifier of the generated entity;</li>
+<li><em>usedEntity</em>: the identifier of the used entity;</li>
+<li><em>time</em>: an OPTIONAL "generation time", the time at which the entity was created;</li>
+<li><em>attributes</em>: a set of attribute-value pairs that describe the modalities of this derivation; it MUST include the attribute-value pair <span class="name">prov:steps="single"</span>.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>An imprecise-1 derivation MUST include the attribute <span class="name">prov:steps</span>, since it is the only means to distinguish this derivation from an imprecise-n derivation.</p>
+
+
+<p>An <dfn>imprecise-n derivation</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(id, e2, e1, t, attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the derivation;</li>
+<li><em>generatedEntity</em>: the identifier of the generated entity;</li>
+<li><em>usedEntity</em>: the identifier of the used entity;</li>
+<li><em>time</em>: an OPTIONAL "generation time", the time at which the entity was created;</li>
+<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that describe the modalities of this derivation; it optionally includes the attribute-value pair <span class="name">prov:steps="any"</span>.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>It is OPTIONAL to include the attribute <span class="name">prov:steps</span> in an imprecise-n derivation. It defaults to <span class="name">prov:steps="any"</span>.</p>
+
+
+<p>None of the three kinds of derivation is defined to be transitive. Domain-specific specializations of these derivations may be defined in such a way that the transitivity property
+holds.</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following descriptions state the existence of derivations.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasDerivedFrom(e5,e3,a4,g2,u2)
+wasDerivedFrom(e5,e3,a4,g2,u2,[prov:steps="single"])
+
+wasDerivedFrom(e3,e2,[prov:steps="single"])
+
+wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[])
+wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:steps="any"])
+
+wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,2012-01-18T16:00:00, [prov:steps="any"])
+</pre>
+<p>
+The first two are precise-1 derivations expressing that the activity identified by <span class="name">a4</span>, by
+using the entity denoted by <span class="name">e3</span> according to usage <span class="name">u2</span>
+ derived the
+entity denoted by <span class="name">e5</span> and generated it according to generation
+ <span class="name">g2</span>. </p>
+
+<p>
+The third line describes an imprecise-1 derivation, which is similar for <span class="name">e3</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, but it leaves the activity and associated attributes implicit. The fourth and fifth lines are about imprecise-n derivations between <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span>, but no information is provided as to the number and identity of activities underpinning the derivation. The sixth derivation extends the fifth with the derivation time of <span class="name">e2</span>.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class='issue'>Several points were raised about the attribute steps.
+Its name, its default value <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/180">ISSUE-180</a>.
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/179">ISSUE-179</a>.</div>
+
+<div class='issue'> Emphasize the notion of 'affected by' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/133">ISSUE-133</a>.</div>
+
+
+<div class='issue'> Is imprecise-1 derivation necessary? Can we just use precise-1 and imprecise-n? <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/249">ISSUE-249</a>.</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="term-alternate-specialization">
+
+<h4>Alternate and Specialization</h4>
+
+<p>The purpose of this section is to introduce relations between two entities that refer to the same thing in the world.
+Consider for example three entities:
+</p>
+<ul>
+ <li><span class="name">e1</span> denoting "Bob, the holder of Facebook account ABC",
+
+ <li><span class="name">e2</span> denoting "Bob, the holder of Twitter account XYZ",
+
+ <li><span class="name">e3</span> denoting "Bob, the person".
+</ul>
+
+<p>These entities refer to the same real person Bob, either in different contexts, or at different levels of abstraction. Specifically:
+
+
+<ol>
+ <li>e1 and e2 refer to Bob in two contexts (as Facebook and Twitter users, respectively)
+ <li> both of e1 and e2 are more detailed than e3.
+</ol>
+
+
+
+<p>The following two relations are introduced for expressing alternative or specialized entities. </p>
+
+
+
+
+<p>An <dfn title="dfn-Alternate">alternate relation</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">alternateOf(id, alt1, alt2, attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> addresses case (1). It has the following constituents:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the association between the two alternates;</li>
+<li><em>firstAlternate</em>: an identifier of the first of the two entities;</li>
+<li><em>secondAlternate</em>: an identifier of the second of the two entities;</li>
+<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe this relation.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-alternate">
+<p>The following expressions describe two persons, respectively holder of a Facebook account and a Twitter account, and their relation as alternate. </p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(facebook:ABC, [ prov:type="person with Facebook account " ])
+entity(twitter:XYZ, [ prov:type="person with Twitter account" ])
+alternateOf(facebook:ABC, twitter:XYZ)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>A <dfn title="dfn-Specialization">specialization relation</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">specializationOf(id, sub, super, attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> addresses case (2). It has the following constituents:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the association between the two entities;</li>
+<li><em>specializedEntity</em>: an identifier of the specialized entity;</li>
+<li><em>generalEntity</em>: an identifier of the entity that is being specialized;</li>
+<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe this relation.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-specialization">
+<p>The following expressions describe two persons, the second of which is holder of a Twitter account. The second entity is a specialization of the first. </p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(ex:Bob, [ prov:type="person", ex:name="Bob" ])
+entity(twitter:XYZ, [ prov:type="person with Twitter account" ])
+specializationOf(twitter:XYZ, ex:Bob)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<!--
+<p>To promote take up of these relations, it is not specified whether they are transitive or symmetric. We anticipate that applications will specialize these relations according to their needs. </p>
+-->
+
+<div class='issue'>A discussion on alternative definition of these relations has not yet reached a satisfactory conclusion. This is <a
+href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/29">ISSUE-29</a>. Also <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/96">ISSUE-96</a>.</div>
+
+
+</section>
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="term-annotation">
+<h4>Annotation</h4>
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary" id="glossary-annotation">
+An <dfn title="concept-annotation">annotation</dfn> is a link between something that is identifiable and a note referred to by its identifier.</div>Multiple notes can
+be associated with a given identified object; symmetrically, multiple objects can be associated with a given note. Since notes have identifiers, they can also be
+annotated. The annotation mechanism (with note and annotation) forms a key aspect of the extensibility mechanism of PROV-DM (see <a
+href="#extensibility-section">extensibility section</a>).</p>
+
+<p>An <dfn title="dfn-annotation">annotation relation</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">hasAnnotation(id,r,n,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> has the following constituents:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier for this relation;</li>
+<li><em>something</em>: the identifier of something being annotated;</li>
+<li><em>note</em>: an identifier of a note;</li>
+<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe this annotation.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following expressions</p>
+<pre class="codexample">
+entity(e1,[prov:type="document"])
+entity(e2,[prov:type="document"])
+activity(a,t1,t2)
+used(u1,a,e1,[ex:file="stdin"])
+wasGeneratedBy(e2, a, [ex:file="stdout"])
+
+note(n1,[ex:icon="doc.png"])
+hasAnnotation(e1,n1)
+hasAnnotation(e2,n1)
+
+note(n2,[ex:style="dotted"])
+hasAnnotation(u1,n2)
+</pre>
+<p>describe two documents (attribute-value pair: <span class="name">prov:type="document"</span>) identified by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span
+class="name">e2</span>, and their annotation with a note indicating that the icon (an application specific way of rendering provenance) is <span class="name">doc.png</span>. The example also
+includes an activity, its usage of the first entity, and its generation of the second entity. The <a title="dfn-usage">usage</a> is annotated with a style (an application specific way
+of rendering this edge graphically). To be able to express this annotation, the usage was provided with an identifier <span class="name">u1</span>, which was then referred to in <span
+class="name">hasAnnotation(u1,n2)</span>.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="second-class-elements">
+<h3>Further Elements of PROV-DM</h3>
+
+This section introduces further elements of PROV-DM.
+
+<section id="term-NamespaceDeclaration">
+<h3>Namespace Declaration</h3>
+
+<p>A PROV-DM <dfn id="dfn-namespace">namespace</dfn> is identified by an IRI reference [[!IRI]]. In PROV-DM, attributes, identifiers, and literals with <a title="qualified name">qualified names</a> as data type can be placed in a namespace using the mechanisms described in this specification. </p>
+
+
+<p>A <dfn id="dfn-namespaceDeclaration">namespace declaration</dfn> consists of a binding between a prefix and a namespace. Every qualified name with this prefix in the scope of this
+declaration refers to this namespace.
+A <dfn id="dfn-defaultNamespaceDeclaration">default namespace declaration</dfn> consists of a namespace. Every un-prefixed qualified name in the scope of this default namespace declaration
+refers to this namespace.</p>
+
+<p>The PROV-DM namespace is <span class="name">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-dm/</span> (TBC).</p>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-identifier">
+<h4>Identifier</h4>
+
+<p>
+An <dfn id="dfn-identifier">identifier</dfn> is a <a>qualified
+ name</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+A <dfn id="dfn-qualifiedName">qualified name</dfn> is a name subject to <a>namespace</a> interpretation. It consists of a <a>namespace</a>, denoted by an optional prefix, and a local name.</p>
+
+
+<p>PROV-DM stipulates that a qualified name can be mapped into an IRI
+ by concatenating the IRI associated with the prefix and the local part.</p>
+
+<p>A qualified name's prefix is OPTIONAL. If a prefix occurs in a
+ qualified name, it refers to a <a>namespace</a> declared in a namespace declaration. In the absence of prefix, the qualified name
+ refers to the <a title="default namespace declaration">default namespace</a>.</p>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-attribute">
+<h4>Attribute</h4>
+
+<p>An <dfn title="dfn-attribute">attribute</dfn> is a <a>qualified name</a>.
+
+
+<p>The PROV data model introduces a pre-defined set of attributes in the <a href="#prov-dm-namespace">PROV-DM namespace</a>, which we define below.
+The interpretation of any attribute declared in another namespace is out of scope.</p>
+
+<section id="term-attribute-role">
+<h4>prov:role</h4>
+
+<p>The attribute <dfn title="dfn-role"><span class="name">prov:role</span></dfn> denotes the function of an entity with respect to an activity, in the context of a usage, generation,
+activity association, activity start, and activity end. The attribute <span class="name">prov:role</span> is allowed to occur multiple times in a list of attribute-value pairs. The value associated with a <span
+class="name">prov:role</span> attribute MUST be a PROV-DM <a title="literal">Literal</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following activity start describes the role of the agent identified by <span class="name">ag</span> in this start relation with activity <span class="name">a</span>. </p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ wasStartedBy(a,ag, [prov:role="program-operator"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-attribute-type">
+<h4>prov:type</h4>
+
+<p>The attribute <dfn title="dfn-type"><span class="name">prov:type</span></dfn> provides further typing information for an element or relation. PROV-DM liberally
+defines a type as a category of things having common characteristics. PROV-DM is agnostic about the representation of types, and only states that
+the value associated with a <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute MUST be a PROV-DM Literal. The attribute <span class="name">prov:type</span>
+is allowed to occur multiple times.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following describes an agent of type software agent.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ agent(ag, [prov:type="prov:ComputingSystem" %% xsd:QName])
+</pre>
+</div>
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-attribute-steps">
+<h4>prov:steps</h4>
+
+<p> The attribute <dfn title="dfn-steps"><span class="name">prov:steps</span></dfn> defines the level of precision associated with a derivation. The value associated with a <span
+class="name">prov:steps</span> attribute MUST be <span class="name">"single"</span> or <span class="name">"any"</span>. The attribute <span class="name">prov:steps</span> occurs at most
+once in a derivation. A derivation without attribute <span class="name">prov:steps</span> is considered to be equivalent to the same derivation extended with an extra attribute
+<span class="name">prov:steps</span> and associated value <span class="name">"any"</span>. </p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following expression declares an imprecise-1 derivation, which is known to involve one activity, though its identity, usage details of <span class="name">ex:e1</span>, and generation
+details of <span class="name">ex:e2</span> are not explicit.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ wasDerivedFrom(ex:e2, ex:e1, [prov:steps="single"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-attribute-label">
+<h4>prov:label</h4>
+
+<p> The attribute <dfn title="dfn-label"><span class="name">prov:label</span></dfn> provides a human-readable representation of a PROV-DM element or relation. The value associated with the attribute <span class="name">prov:label</span> MUST be a string.</p>
+
+<div class='issue'>
+ This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/219">ISSUE-219</a>. </div>
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="term-attribute-location">
+<h4>prov:location</h4>
+
+<p><dfn title="dfn-Location">Location</dfn> is an identifiable geographic place (ISO 19112). As such, there are numerous ways in which location can be expressed, such as by a coordinate,
+address, landmark, row, column, and so forth. This document does not specify how to concretely express locations, but instead provide a mechanism to introduce locations, by means of attributes. </p>
+
+
+<p>
+The attribute <dfn title="dfn-location"><span class="name">prov:location</span></dfn> is an OPTIONAL attribute of entity and activity. The value associated with the attribute <span class="name">prov:location</span> MUST be a PROV-DM Literal, expected to denote a location.
+</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following expression describes entity Mona Lisa, a painting, with a location attribute. </p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ entity(ex:MonaLisa, [prov:location="Le Louvres, Paris", prov:type="StillImage"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+<section id="term-literal">
+<h4>Literal</h4>
+
+<div class='note'>
+Usually, in programming languages, Literal are a notation for values. So, Literals should probably be moved to the serialization. Here, instead, we should define the types of values. Thoughts?
+</div>
+
+<p>
+A PROV-DM Literal represents a data value such as a particular string
+or number. A PROV-DM Literal represents a value whose interpretation is outside the scope of PROV-DM.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following examples respectively are the string "abc", the string "abc", the integer number 1, and the IRI "http://example.org/foo".
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ "abc"
+ 1
+ "http://example.org/foo" %% xsd:anyURI
+</pre>
+<p>The following example shows a literal of type <span class="name">xsd:QName</span> (see
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-2-20041028/#QName">QName</a> [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]]).
+The prefix <span class="name">ex</span> MUST be bound to a <a>namespace</a> declared in a <a>namespace declaration</a>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ "ex:value" %% xsd:QName
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+<section id="term-Time">
+<h4>Time</h4>
+
+<div class='note'>
+It's a legacy of the charter that time is a top level section. Time is a specific kind of value, and should be folded into the "value" section.
+</div>
+
+
+<p><dfn title="dfn-time">Time instants</dfn> are defined according to xsd:dateTime [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]].</p>
+
+
+
+<p>Time is OPTIONAL in usage, generation, and activity</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="common-relations">
+<h2>PROV-DM Common Relations</h2>
+
+<p>The following figure summarizes the additional relations described in this section.
+</p>
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<img src="commonRelations.svg" alt="common relations"/>
+<figcaption>PROV-DM Common Relations</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="term-Revision">
+<h3>Revision</h3>
+
+<p> A <dfn title="dfn-Revision">revision</dfn> is the result of revising an entity into a revised version.
+ Deciding whether something is made available as a revision of something else usually involves an agent who takes responsibility for approving that the former is a due variant of the latter.
+ The agent who is responsible for the revision may optionally be specified.
+ Revision is a particular case of <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> of an entity into its revised version.</p>
+
+<p> A revision relation<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">wasRevisionOf(id,e2,e1,ag,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the relation;</li>
+<li><em>newer</em>: the identifier of the revised entity;
+<li><em>older</em>: the identifier of the older entity;
+<li><em>responsibility</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the agent who approved the newer entity as a variant of the older;
+<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of this relation.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+Revisiting the example of <a href="#section-example-a">Section 3.1</a>,
+we can now state that the report
+ <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is a revision of
+ the report <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</span>, approved by
+agent <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+wasRevisionOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, w3:Consortium)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+</section> <!-- end revision -->
+
+
+<section id="term-attribution">
+<h3>Attribution</h3>
+
+<p><dfn id="dfn-attribution">Attribution</dfn> is the ascribing of an entity to an agent. More precisely, when an entity <span class="name">e</span> is attributed to agent <span class="name">ag</span>, entity <span class="name">e</span> was generated by some activity <span class="name">a</span>, which in turn was associated to agent <span class="name">ag</span>. Thus, this relation is useful when the activity is not known, or irrelevant.
+
+<p> An attribution relation<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name"> wasAttributedTo(id,e,ag,attr)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains the following elements:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the relation;</li>
+<li><em>entity</em>: an entity identifier;</li>
+<li><em>agent</em>: the identifier of the agent whom the entity is ascribed to;</li>
+<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+Revisiting the example of <a href="#section-example-b">Section 3.2</a>,
+we can ascribe <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> to some agents without having to make an activity explicit.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+agent(ex:Paolo, [ prov:type="Human" ])
+agent(ex:Simon, [ prov:type="Human" ])
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+wasAttributedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:Paolo, [prov:role="editor"])
+wasAttributedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:Simon, [prov:role="contributor"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</section> <!-- end attribution -->
+
+<section id="term-OrderingOfActivities">
+<h3>Activity Ordering</h3>
+
+
+<p>The following relations express dependencies amongst activities.</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li> An <dfn title="InformationFlowOrdering">information flow ordering relation</dfn> states that activity <span class="name">a2</span> is dependent on another <span class="name">a1</span>, by way of some entity <span class="name">e</span> that is generated by <span class="name">a1</span> and used by <span class="name">a2</span>.
+ <li>A <dfn title="ControlOrdering">control ordering relation</dfn> states that activity <span class="name">a2</span> was initiated by another activity <span class="name">a1</span>.
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+An information flow ordering relation<span class="withAsn">, written as
+<span class="name">wasInformedBy(id,a2,a1,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:
+<ul>
+<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
+<li><em>informed</em>: the identifier of the informed activity;
+<li><em>informant</em>: the identifier of the informant activity;
+<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe properties of the relation.</li>
+</ul>
+<p> Relation <span class="name">wasInformedBy</span> is not transitive.</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+Consider two long running services, which we represent by activities <span class="name">s1</span> and <span class="name">s2</span>.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(s1,,,[prov:type="service"])
+activity(s2,,,[prov:type="service"])
+wasInformedBy(s2,s1)
+</pre>
+The last line indicates that some entity was generated by <span class="name">s1</span> and used by <span class="name">s2</span>.
+</div>
+
+
+<p>
+A control ordering relation<span class="withAsn">, written as
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy(id, a2, a1, attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains: </p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier of the relation;</li>
+<li><em>started</em>: the identifier of the started activity;
+<li><em>starter</em>: the identifier of the activity that started the other;</li>
+<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+Suppose activities <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> are computer processes that are executed on different hosts, and that <span class="name">a1</span> started <span class="name">a2</span>. This can be expressed as in the following fragment:</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(a1,t1,t2,[ex:host="server1.example.org",prov:type="workflow"])
+activity(a2,t3,t4,[ex:host="server2.example.org",prov:type="subworkflow"])
+wasStartedBy(a2,a1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-traceability">
+<h3>Traceability</h3>
+
+<p> A <dfn title="dfn-Traceability">traceability relation</dfn> between two entities <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span> is a generic dependency of <span class="name">e2</span>
+on <span class="name">e1</span> that indicates either that <span class="name">e1</span> was necessary for <span class="name">e2</span> to be created, or that <span class="name">e1</span> bears
+some responsibility for <span class="name">e2</span>'s existence.
+
+
+<p> A traceability relation<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">tracedTo(id,e2,e1,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
+<li><em>entity</em>: an identifier identifying an entity;
+<li><em>ancestor</em>: an identifier identifying an ancestor entity that the former depends on;
+<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe properties of the relation.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>We note that the ancestor is allowed to be an agent since agents are entities. </p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>We refer to the example of <a href="#section-example-a">Section 3.1</a>, and specifically to <a href="#prov-tech-report">Figure prov-tech-report</a>. We can see that there is a path from
+<span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> to
+<span class="name">w3:Consortium</span> or to
+<span class="name">pr:rec-advance</span>. This is expressed as follows.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ tracedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,w3:Consortium)
+ tracedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,pr:rec-advance)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Further considerations:</p>
+<ul>
+ <li>Traceability is more general than <a href="#Derivation-Relation">Derivation</a>.
+</ul>
+
+
+<div class='note'>
+ I propose to delete the following, given that this document does not mention inferences. [LM]
+<p>Further considerations:</p>
+<ul>
+ <li>Traceability is more general than <a href="#Derivation-Relation">Derivation</a>. This means that an assertion of the form: <span class="name">tracedTo(...,e2,e1,...)</span> can be inferred from an assertion of the form:
+ <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,..)</span>. The precise inference rules are specified in [REF].
+ <li>Traceability is related to responsibility by way of inference rules that involve <a href="#term-responsibility">responsibility chain</a> and <a href="#term-Generation">generation</a> relations.
+ These rules are specified in [REF]
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="note">looking at the definition, there is something wrong. It's not true that e2 was neceaary for e1 (in the transitive case) and
+that e1 bears responsibility. [LM]</div>
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="term-quotation">
+<h3>Quotation</h3>
+
+<div class="note">I find that quotation is really a misnomer. This expands into derivation with attribution, in what sense is the derived entity a "quote" of the original? . The agent that is quoted is particularly obscure. It does not seem to be involved in the quoting at all. Why isn't quoting an activity with the quoting agent associated with it? [PM]</div>
+
+<p> A <dfn>quotation</dfn>
+ is the repeat of an entity (such as text or image) by
+someone other that its original author. Quotation
+ is a particular case of <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> in which entity <span class="name">e2</span> is derived from entity <span class="name">e1</span> by copying, or "quoting", parts of it.</p>
+
+<p> A quotation relation<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name"> wasQuotedFrom(id,e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the relation;</li>
+<li><em>quote</em>: an identifier of the entity that represents the quote (the partial copy);
+<li><em>quoted</em>: an identifier of the original entity being quoted;
+<li><em>quoterAgent</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier of the agent who is doing the quoting;
+<li><em>quotedAgent</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier of the agent who attributed to the original entity;
+<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+</section> <!-- end quotation -->
+
+
+<section id="term-summary">
+<h3>Summary</h3>
+
+<div class="note">Omitted as this is likely to be removed [PM]</div>
+
+<div class='issue'>Drop this relation <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/220">ISSUE-220</a>.</div>
+
+
+</section> <!-- end summary -->
+
+
+<section id="term-orignal-source">
+<h3>Original Source</h3>
+
+<div class="note"> I find this relation confusing. Please add an example. I wouldn't really know when to use this. [PM]</div>
+
+<p> An <dfn>original source relation</dfn> is a particular case of <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> that states that an entity <span class="name">e2</span> (derived) was originally part of some other entity <span class="name">e1</span> (the original source).</p>
+
+<p> An original source relation<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name"> hadOriginalSource(id,e2,e1,attrs)</span>,</span> contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
+<li><em>derived</em>: an identifier for the derived entity; </li>
+<li><em>source</em>: an identifier for the original source entity;</li>
+<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
+</ul>
+
+</section> <!-- end original source -->
+
+
+
+<section id="term-Collection">
+<h3>Collections</h3>
+
+<p><strong>Collection relations</strong> address the need to describe the evolution of entities that have a collection structure, that is, which may contain other entities. Specifically, this section exploits the built-in type for entities, called <a title="concept-collection">collection</a>, and two relations to describe the effect of adding elements to, and removing elements from, a collection entity.
+The intent of these relations and entity types is to capture the <em>history of changes that occurred to a collection</em>. </p>
+
+<p>A collection is an entity that has a logical internal structure consisting of key-value pairs, often referred to as a map.
+More precisely, the following entity types are introduced:
+
+<ul>
+ <li> <span class="name">Collection</span> denotes an entity of type collection, i.e. an entity that can participate in insertion and removal relations;
+
+ <li><span class="name">EmptyCollection</span> denotes an empty collection.
+</ul>
+
+The following relations relate a collection <span class="name">c1</span> with a collection <span class="name">c2</span> obtained after adding or removing a new pair to (resp. from) <span class="name">c1</span>:
+
+<ul>
+ <li>Insertion relation <span class="name">CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, k, v)</span> states that <span class="name">c2</span> is the state of the collection
+following the insertion of pair <span class="name">(k,v)</span> into collection <span class="name">c1</span>;</li>
+
+<li> Removal relation <span class="name">CollectionAfterRemoval(c2,c1, k)</span> states that <span class="name">c2</span> is the state of the collection following the removal of the pair corresponding to key <span class="name">k</span> from <span class="name">c1</span>.</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection
+ entity(v1)
+ entity(v2)
+ entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"])
+ entity(c2, [prov:type="Collection"])
+
+ CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, "k1", v1) // c1 = { ("k1",v1) }
+ CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, "k2", v2) // c2 = { ("k1",v1), ("k2", v2) }
+ CollectionAfterRemoval(c3, c2, k1) // c3 = { ("k2",v2) }
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<p> A relation CollectionAfterInsertion<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name"> CollectionAfterInsertion(collAfter, collBefore, key, value)</span>,</span> contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>after</em>: an identifier for the collection <em>after</em> insertion; </li>
+<li><em>before</em>: an identifier for the collection <em>before</em> insertion;</li>
+<li><em>key</em>: the key that has been inserted</li>
+<li><em>value</em>: an identifier for the value that has been inserted with the key.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p> A relation CollectionAfterDeletion, written <span class="name"> CollectionAfterDeletion(collAfter, collBefore, key)</span>, contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>after</em>: an identifier for the collection <em>after</em> the deletion; </li>
+<li><em>before</em>: an identifier for the collection <em>before</em> the deletion;</li>
+<li><em>key</em>: the key corresponding to the (key, value) pair that has been deleted from the collection.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class='note'>
+I propose to call them afterInsertion instead of CollectionAfterInsertion (likewise, for deletion).
+What about attributes and optional Id?
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Further considerations:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>The <strong>map</strong> collection type provides a generic indexing structure that can be used to model commonly used data structures, including associative lists (also known as "dictionaries" in some programming languages), relational tables, ordered lists, and more (the specification of such specialized structures in terms of key-value pairs is out of the scope of this document).</li>
+
+<li>Keys are literals, and values are entities. This allows expressing nested collections, that is, collections whose values include entities of type collection.</li>
+
+<li>Insertion and removal relations are a particular case of <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>This representation of a collection's evolution makes no assumption regarding the underlying data structure used to store and manage collections. In particular, no assumptions are needed regarding the mutability of a data structure that is subject to updates. In fact, the state of a collection (i.e., the set of key-value pairs it contains) at a given point in a sequence of operations is never stated explicitly. Rather, it can be obtained by querying the chain of derivations involving insertions and removals. Entity type <span class="name">emptyCollection</span> can be used in this context as it marks the start of a sequence of collection operations.</li>
+
+
+<!--
+ <li> One can have multiple assertions regarding the state of a collection following a <em>set</em> of insertions, for example:<br/>
+<span class="name">CollectionAfterInsertion(c2,c1, k1, v1)</span><br/>
+<span class="name">CollectionAfterInsertion(c2,c1, k2, v2)</span><br/>
+ <span class="name">...</span><br/>
+This is interpreted as <em>" <span class="name">c2</span> is the state that results from inserting <span class="name">(k1, v1)</span>, <span class="name">(k2, v2)</span> etc. into <span class="name">c1</span>"</em></li></p>
+
+<li> It is possible to have multiple derivations from a single root collection, possibly by different asserters, as shown in the following example.
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection
+ entity(v1)
+ entity(v2)
+ entity(v3)
+ entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"])
+ entity(c2, [prov:type="Collection"])
+ entity(c3, [prov:type="Collection"])
+
+ CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 = { (k1,v1) }
+ CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c, k2, v2) // c2 = { (k2 v2) }
+ CollectionAfterInsertion(c3, c1, k3,v3) // c3 = { (k1,v1), (k3,v3) }
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class='note'>Asserter not defined</div>
+</li></p>
+
+
+<li>Given the pair of assertions:
+
+<span class="name">CollectionAfterInsertion(c, c1, k1, v1)</span><br/>
+<span class="name">CollectionAfterInsertion(c, c2, k2, v2)</span><br/>
+
+it follows that <span class="name">c1==c2, k1==k2, v1==v2</span>, because one cannot have two different derivations for the same final collection state.</li></p>
+
+
+<li>Given the following set of insertions:<br/>
+
+<span class="name">CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k, v1)</span><br/>
+<span class="name">CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k, v2)</span><br/>
+
+it follows that <span class="name">v1==v2</span>.</li></p>
+
+
+<li> The state of a collection is only known to the extent that a chain of derivations starting from an empty collection can be found. Since a set of assertions regarding a collection's evolution may be incomplete, so is the reconstructed state obtained by querying those assertions. In general, all assertions reflect the asserter's partial knowledge of a sequence of data transformation events. In the particular case of collection evolution, in which the asserter <em>knows</em> that some of the state changes may have been missed, then the more generic <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> relation should be used to signal that some updates may have occurred, which cannot be precisely asserted as insertions or removals. The following two examples illustrate this.
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ entity(c, [prov:type="collection"]) // e is a collection, possibly not empty
+ entity(v1)
+ entity(v2, [prov:type="collection"]) // v2 is a collection
+
+ CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 <em>includes</em> { (k1,v1) } but may contain additional unknown pairs
+ CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, k2, v2) // c2 includes { (k1,v1), (k2 v2) } where v2 is a collection with unknown state
+</pre>
+</div>
+ In the example, the state of <span class="name">c2</span> is only partially known because the collection is constructed from partially known other collections.
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ entity(c, [prov:type="emptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection
+ entity(v1)
+ entity(v2)
+
+ CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 = { (k1,v1) }
+ wasDerivedFrom(c2, c1) // the asserted knows that c2 is somehow derived from c1, but cannot assert the precise sequence of updates
+ CollectionAfterInsertion(c3, c2, k2, v2)
+</pre>
+</div>
+Here <span class="name">c3</span> includes <span class="name">{ (k2 v2) }</span> but the earlier "gap" leaves uncertainty regarding <span class="name">(k1,v1)</span> (it may have been removed) or any other pair that may have been added as part of the derivation activities.</li></p>
+-->
+</ul>
+<div class='note'>Deleted further items. Some of them are constraints which belong to part 2.</div>
+
+
+</section> <!-- end collections-->
+
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- end sec. 5 -->
+
+ <section id="extensibility-section">
+<h2>PROV-DM Extensibility Points</h2>
+
+
+<p>The PROV data model provides several extensibility points that allow designers to specialize it to specific applications or domains. We summarize these extensibility points here:
+
+<ul>
+<li> Attributes occur in all elements and relations of the data model. Applications are free to introduce
+application-specific attributes, according to their perspective on the world. Attributes for a given application can be distinguished by qualifying them with a prefix denoting a namespace
+declared in a namespace declaration.
+
+<p>The <a href="#prov-dm-namespace">PROV-DM namespace</a> declares a set of reserved attributes catering for extensibility: <span class="name">type</span>, <span
+class="name">location</span>.</li>
+
+
+<li> Sets of Attribute-value pairs offer a mechanism to
+describe modalities of use, generation, activity association, and responsibility chain.
+Such attributes are also qualified by namespaces.
+
+<p>To this end, the <a href="#prov-dm-namespace">PROV-DM namespace</a> declares a reserved attribute: <span class="name">role</span>.</p></li>
+
+
+<li>Notes allow arbitrary metadata to be associated with anything identifiable in PROV-DM. Notes consist of name-value pairs. Like attributes, names are qualified by a
+namespace.</li>
+
+
+<li>Namespaces allow attributes and names to be qualified. </li>
+
+<li>Sub-typing of elements and relations is allowed by means of the reserved attribute <span class="name">type</span>.</li>
+
+<li>Domain specific values can be expressed by means of typed literals. </li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The PROV data model is designed to be application and technology independent, but specializations of PROV-DM are welcome and encouraged. To ensure interoperability, specializations of
+the PROV data model that exploit the extensibility points summarized in this section MUST preserve the semantics specified in the PROV-DM documents (part 1 to 3). </p>
+
+
+
+ </section>
+
+
+
+<section id="FurtherConsiderations">
+<h4>Data Model Constraints</h4>
+
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>This specification defines PROV-DM, a data model that allows
+descriptions of the people, institutions, entities, and activities,
+involved in producing, influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a
+thing to be expressed. However, with this data model, it is also possible to compose
+descriptions that would not make sense: for instance, one could
+express that an entity was used before it was generated, or that the
+activity that generated an entity began its existence after the entity
+generation. A set of consistency constraints have been defined for PROV-DM and
+can be found in a companion specification [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]].
+They can be used by asserters as a guideline for composing provenance descriptions that are consistent, and
+by implementers of reasoning engines. </li>
+
+
+
+<li>
+<p> The example of <a href="#prov-dm-example">section 3</a> contains identifiers such as <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span>, which denotes a specific version of a technical report. On the other hand, a URI such as <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a> points to the latest version of a document. One needs to ensure that provenance descriptions for the latter document remain valid as denoted resources change. </p>
+
+<p>To this end, PROV-DM allows asserters to describe "<em>partial states</em>" of entities by means of attributes and associated values. Some further constraints apply to the use of these attributes, since the values associated with them are expected to remain unchanged for some period of time. The constraints associated to attributes are also specified in the companion specification [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]].</p>
+
+
+</li>
+
+
+<li>The existence of some mechanism(s) by which a set of provenance descriptions can be bundled up and named is assumed. No such mechanism is considered as mature for standardization, and therefore such mechanisms remain outside the scope of PROV-DM. Various ways of achieving this functionality exist, for instance, by:
+<ul>
+<li> bundling up a set of descriptions in a file and exposing it as a Web resource;</li>
+<li> relying on specific serializations to name bundles of descriptions;</li>
+<li> using the idea of a service that is capable of associating provenance descriptions to whom they are attributed to.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Even though a mechanism for blundling up provenance descriptions and naming them is not part of PROV-DM, the idea of a bundle of descriptions is crucial to the PROV approach. Indeed, it allows multiple provenance perspectives to be provided for a given entity. It is also the mechanism by which provenance of provenance can be expressed. Such a named bundle is being referred to as an <dfn>account</dfn> and is regarded as an <a title="concept-accountEntity">AccountEntity</a> so that its provenance can be expressed. The notion of account is specified in the companion specification [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]], as well as constraint that <dfn>structurally well-formed</dfn> descriptions are expected to satisfy.</p>
+</li>
+
+
+</ul>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<div id="glossary_div" class="remove">
+<!-- glossary loaded from glossary.js will be hooked up here,
+ class remove, will remove this element from the final output.
+-->
+</div>
+
+ </body>
+</html>
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+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,1172 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-
-<html><head>
- <title>PROV-DM Part 3: PROV-ASN: The Provenance Abstract Syntax Notation</title>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
- <!--
- === NOTA BENE ===
- For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
- out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
- -->
-<!-- PM -->
- <style type="text/css">
- .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
- </style>
-
- <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
- <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
- <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" class="remove"></script>
-
- <script class="remove">
- function updateGlossaryRefs() {
- $('.glossary-ref').each(function(index) {
- var ref=$(this).attr('ref');
- $('#'+ref+'.glossary').contents().clone().appendTo($(this));
- $(this).children('dfn').replaceWith(function(){return $('<span>').addClass('dfn').append($(this).contents())});
- });
- }
- $(document).ready(updateGlossaryRefs);
- function glossary_include(doc, content) {
- window.setTimeout(updateGlossaryRefs, 1000);
- return content;
- }
- </script>
-
- <script class="remove">
- var addExtraReferences = function() {
- for (var k in extraReferences)
- berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
- };
- var extraReferences = {
- "CLOCK":
- "Lamport, L. "+
- "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
- "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
- "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
- "CSP":
- "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
- "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
- "Logic":
- "W. E. Johnson"+
- "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
- "1924. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
-
-
-
- "PROV-RDF":
- "James Cheney"+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF\"><cite>PROV-RDF Mapping </cite></a>"+
- "2012, Working in Progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF</a>",
-
- "PROV-XML":
- "James Cheney"+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvXML\"><cite>PROV-XML Mapping </cite></a>"+
- "2012, Working in Progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvXML\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvXML</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-DM":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
-
- "PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\"><cite>PROV-DM Constraints</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-SEM":
- "James Cheney "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Work in progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
-
- "PROV-PRIMER":
- "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
-
- "PROV-O":
- "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
-
- "PROV-AQ":
- "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
- };
- var respecConfig = {
- // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
- specStatus: "ED",
-
- // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
- shortName: "prov-dm",
-
- // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
- // formal title, define it here
- //subtitle : "Some speculative write-ups, for discussion before integration in the data model",
-
- // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
- // publishDate: "2011-10-18",
-
- // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
- // the start date here:
- // copyrightStart: "2005"
-
- // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
- // and its maturity status
- //previousPublishDate: "2011-12-15",
- //previousMaturity: "WD",
-
- // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
- edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/working-copy/prov-asn.html",
-
- // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
- // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
-
- // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
- // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
- extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "./extra.css"],
-
- // editors, add as many as you like
- // only "name" is required
- editors: [
- { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
- company: "University of Southampton" },
- { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
- company: "Newcastle University" },
- ],
-
- // authors, add as many as you like.
- // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
- // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
-
-
- // name of the WG
- wg: "Provenance Working Group",
-
- // URI of the public WG page
- wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
-
- // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
- wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
-
- // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
- // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
- // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
- // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
- // Team Contact.
- wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
-
- // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
- preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
- };
- </script>
- </head>
- <body>
-
- <section id="abstract">
-<p>
-<b>Editors' working copy can change at any time. </b>
-</p>
- </section>
-
-<section id="sotd">
-<b>Editors' working copy can change at any time. </b>
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<section id="introduction">
-<h2>Introduction</h2>
-
-<p> Provenance is defined as a record that describes the people,
-institutions, entities, and activities, involved in producing,
-influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a thing in the world. Two
-companion specifications respectively define PROV-DM, a data model for
-provenance, allowing such descriptions to be expressed [[PROV-DM]] and a set of constraints that provenance descriptions are expectively to satisfy [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]].
-</p>
-
-
-<p>In this context, PROV-ASN was introduced as a notation to write instances of the data model, as close to its abstract syntax as possible. PROV-ASN is primarily aimed at human consumption. PROV-ASN allows
-serializations of PROV-DM instances to be written in a technology independent manner.
-So far, PROV-ASN has been used in the following ways:</p>
-<ul>
-<li> PROV-ASN is used to provide technology independent illustrations in [[PROV-DM]] and in the definition of PROV-DM constraints [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]];</li>
-<li> PROV-ASN is instrumental in defining the mapping mapping of PROV-DM to concrete syntaxes. Mappings translate each PROV-ASN expression to RDF [[PROV-RDF]] and to XML [[PROV-XML]];</li>
-<li> PROV-ASN is the basis for a
-formal semantics, in which each PROV-ASN expression is provided with an interpretation [[PROV-SEM]].
-</ul>
-
-<p>PROV-ASN was designed to be as close as possible to PROV-DM without the syntactic bias and modelling constraints that concrete technologies bring with them, e.g., XML's choice between attribute and element, RDF's reliance on triples, or JSON's usage of dictionaries. </p>
-
-<p>The purpose of this document is solely to define the syntax of PROV-ASN.
-For each construct of PROV-DM, a corresponding ASN expression is introduced, by way of a production in the PROV-ASN grammar presented in this document. </p>
-
-
-<p>This specification is one of several specifications, referred to as the PROV family of specifications, defining the various aspects
-that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable exchange of provenance:</p>
-<ul>
-<li>A data model for provenance, which is presented in three documents:
-<ul>
-<li> PROV-DM (part I): the provenance data model itself, expressed in natural language [[PROV-DM]];
-<li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS (part II): constraints underpinning the data model [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]];
-<li> PROV-ASN (part III): a notation to express instances of that data model for human consumption (this document);
-</ul>
-</li>
-
-<li>PROV-O: a normative serialization of PROV-DM in RDF [[!PROV-O]], specified by means of a mapping to the OWL2 Web Ontology Language [[!OWL2-SYNTAX]];</li>
-<li>PROV-AQ: the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [[PROV-AQ]];</li>
-<li>PROV-PRIMER: a primer for the PROV approach [[PROV-PRIMER]];</li>
-<li>PROV-SEM: semantics of the PROV-DM data model [[PROV-SEM]];</li>
-</ul>
-
- <section id="structure-of-this-document">
-<h3>Structure of this Document</h3>
-
-<div class='note'>TODO</div>
-
-
- </section>
-
-
-<section id="prov-dm-namespace">
- <h3>PROV-DM Namespace</h3>
-
-
-<p>The PROV-DM namespace is <span class="name">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-dm/</span> (TBC).</p>
-
-<p> All the elements, relations, reserved names and attributes introduced in this specification belong to the PROV-DM namespace.</p>
-
-<div class="issue">
-There is a desire to use a single namespace that all specifications of the PROV family can share to refer to common provenance terms. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/224">ISSUE-224</a>.
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
- <section id="conventions">
-<h3>Conventions</h3>
-
-
-
-<p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
- NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
- "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
- [[!RFC2119]].</p>
- </section>
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-
- <section id="grammar-notation">
-<h3>Grammar Notation</h3>
-
-<p>This specification includes a grammar for PROV-ASN expressed using the Extended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF) notation.</p>
-
-<div class="grammar">
-<p> Each production rule (or <dfn>production</dfn>, for short) in the grammar defines one non-terminal symbol, in the form:</p>
-<p>
-<span class="nonterminal">E</span> ::= <em>expression</em>
-</p>
-
-
-Within the expression on the right-hand side of a rule, the following expressions are used to match strings of one or more characters:
-<ul>
-<li>
-<span class="nonterminal">E</span>: matches term satisfying rule for symbol E.
-</li>
-
-<li>
-<span class="name">abc</span>: matches the literal string inside the single quotes.
-</li>
-
-
-<li>
-<span class="optional"><em>expression</em></span>: matches <em>expression</em> or nothing; optional <em>expression</em>.
-</li>
-
-<li>
-<span class="plus"><em>expression</em></span>: matches one or more occurrences of <em>expression</em>.
-</li>
-
-<li>
-<span class="star"><em>expression</em></span>: matches zero or more occurrences of <em>expression</em>.
-</li>
-
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="data-model-concepts">
-
-<h2>PROV-DM Core</h2>
-
-<p>Instances of the PROV-DM data model are expressed in PROV-ASN by a text conformant with the toplevel <a>production</a> <span class="nonterminal">expression</span> of the grammar. These <span
-class="nonterminal">expression</span>s are grouped in two categories:
-<span class="nonterminal">elementExpression</span> (see section <a href="#expression-element">Element</a>) and
-<span class="nonterminal">relationExpression</span> (see section <a href="#expression-relation">Relation</a>).</p>
-
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">expression</span> ::=
-<span class="nonterminal">elementExpression</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">relationExpression</span>
-<br/>
-<!-- -->
-<br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">elementExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="nonterminal">entityExpression</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">activityExpression</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">agentExpression</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">noteExpression</span> <br/>
-<!-- -->
-<br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">relationExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="nonterminal">generationExpression</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">usageExpression</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">derivationExpression</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">activityAssociationExpression</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">responsibilityExpression</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">startExpression</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">endExpression</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">alternateExpression</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">specializationExpression</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">annotationExpression</span>
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-<section id="expression-element">
-<h3>Element</h3>
-
-<p>PROV-DM elements can be entities, activities, agents, or notes. This section defines a production for the textual representation of each of these element types. </p>
-
- <section id="expression-Entity">
-
-<h4>Entity</h4>
-
-
-<div class="withAsn">
-<p>
-An entity's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">entityExpression</span> production.
-</p>
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">entityExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">entity</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span><br/><br/>
-<!-- -->
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span> ::=
-<span class="optional"><span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="name">[</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">]</span>
-</span><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">attribute-values</span> ::=
-<span class="nonterminal">attribute-value</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">attribute-value</span> <span class="name">,</span> <span class="nonterminal">attribute-values</span>
-<br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">attribute-value</span> ::=
-<span class="nonterminal">attribute</span>
-<span class="name">=</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">Literal</span>
-<br/>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215)
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document" ])
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version=2 ])
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
- </section>
-
- <section id="expression-Activity">
-
-<h3>Activity</h3>
-
-
-<div class="withAsn">
-<p>An activity's text matches the <span class='nonterminal'>activityExpression</span> production.</p>
-
-
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">activityExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">activity</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="optional"><span class="nonterminal">time</span></span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="optional"><span class="nonterminal">time</span></span>
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-activity(ex:edit1,,)
-activity(ex:edit1,,,[prov:type="edit"])
-activity(ex:a0, 2011-11-16T16:00:00,,[prov:type="createFile"])
-activity(ex:a0, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, 2011-11-16T16:00:01, [prov:type="createFile"])
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="expression-Agent">
-<h3>Agent</h3>
-
-
-<div class="withAsn">
-<p>An agent's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">agentExpression</span> production.
-</p>
-
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">agentExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">agent</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-agent(ag4)
-agent(ag4, [ prov:type="prov:Human" %% xsd:QName, ex:name="David" ])
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
- <section id="expression-note">
-
-<h4>Note</h4>
-
-<div class="withAsn">
-<p>A note's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">noteExpression</span> production.
-</p>
-
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">noteExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">note</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span><br/>
-<!-- -->
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-note(ann1,[ex:color="blue", ex:screenX=20, ex:screenY=30])
-</pre>
-</div>
-
- </section>
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="expression-relation">
-<h3>Relation</h3>
-
-<p>
-PROV-DM relations can be generation, usage, derivation, activity association, responsibility chain, activity start, activity end, alternate, specialization, or annotations. This section defines a production for the textual representation of each of these relation types. </p>
-
-
-
-<section id="expression-Generation">
-<h4>Generation</h4>
-
-
-<div class="withAsn">
-<p>A generation's text matches the <span class='nonterminal'>generationExpression</span> production.</p>
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">generationExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="optional"> <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span> </span>
-<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="optional"><span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span></span>
-<span class="optional"><span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">time</span></span>
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span><br/>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1)
-wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
-wasGeneratedBy(ex:g1, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1)
-wasGeneratedBy(e2, a1, [ex:fct="save"])
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="expression-Usage">
-<h3>Usage</h3>
-
-
-
-<p>A usage's text matches the <span class='nonterminal'>usageExpression</span> production.</p>
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">usageExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">used</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="optional">
-<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
-<span class="optional">
-<span class="name">,</span>
- <span class="nonterminal">time</span>
-</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span><br/>
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-used(ex:pub2, ar3:0111)
-used(ex:pub2, ar3:0111, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
-used(ex:u1, ex:pub2, ar3:0111)
-used(a1,e1,[ex:fct="load"])
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<section id="expression-ActivityAssociation">
-<h4>Activity Association</h4>
-
-
-<p>An activity association's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">activityAssociationExpression</span> productions of the grammar defined in this specification
-document.</p>
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">activityAssociationExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">wasAssociatedWith</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="optional"><span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>,
-<span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span>
-<span class="optional">,<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span></span>
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:pub2, w3:Consortium)
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:pub2, w3:Consortium @ pr:rec-advance)
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:pub2, w3:Consortium @ pr:rec-advance, [prov:role="funder"])
-</pre>
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="expression-Start-End">
-<h4>Activity Start and End</h4>
-
-
-<p>Activity start and end texts match the <span class="nonterminal">startExpression</span> and <span class="nonterminal">endExpression</span> productions of the grammar defined in this
-specification document.
-</p>
-
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">startExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">wasStartedBy</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="optional"> <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>,
-<span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">endExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">wasEndedBy</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="optional"> <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>,
-<span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<section id="expression-responsibility">
-
-<h4>Responsibility Chain</h4>
-
-
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">responsibilityExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="optional"> <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="optional"><span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span></span>
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-actedOnBehalfOf(ag1,ag2)
-actedOnBehalfOf(ag1,ag2,a)
-actedOnBehalfOf(ag1,ag2,[prov:type="delegation"])
-actedOnBehalfOf(ag2,ag3,a,[prov:type="contract"])
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="Derivation-Relation">
-<h4>Derivation</h4>
-
-
-
-<p>A derivation record's text matches the <span class='nonterminal'>derivationExpression</span> production.</p>
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">derivationExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">wasDerivedFrom</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="optional"> <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">gIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">uIdentifier</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span><br/>
-|
-<span class="name">wasDerivedFrom</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="optional"> <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
-<span class="optional"><span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">time</span></span>
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
-</div>
-<p>
-The first clause of the alternative, where the activity, generation and usage record identifiers are present formalizes a derivation record is precise-1. The second clause of the alternative, with optional time formalizes imprecise records. The distinction between imprecise-1 and imprecise-n is made by the
-attribute <span class="name">prov:steps</span>.
-</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-wasDerivedFrom(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018)
-wasDerivedFrom(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018)
-wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
-</pre>
-
-
-
-
-<!--
-<p>In PROV-DM, the effective placeholder for an entity generation time is the <a>generation record</a>. The presence of
-time information in imprecise derivation records is merely a convenience notation for a timeless derivation record and a generation record with this generation time information. </p>
-
-<div class='syntax' id="derivation-time-elimination">
-<span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,t,attrs)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following records also hold:
-<span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,attrs)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,t)</span>.
-</div>
-
-
-
-<div class='pending'>Should derivation have a time? Which time? This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/43">ISSUE-43</a>.<em>This is now addressed in this text. Optional time in derivation is generation time. See also <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/205">ISSUE-205</a>.</em></div>
-
--->
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="expression-alternate-specialization">
-
-<h4>Alternate and Specialization</h4>
-
-
-
-<p>An alternate relation's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">alternateExpression</span> production.</p>
-
-<div class='grammar'>
- <span class="nonterminal">alternateExpression</span> ::=
- <span class="name">alternateOf</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-alternateOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex:alternate-20111215)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-<p>A specialization relation's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">specializationExpression</span>production.</p>
-
-<div class='grammar'>
- <span class="nonterminal">specializationExpression</span> ::=
- <span class="name">specializationOf</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-specializationOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,tr:prov-dm)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<section id="expression-annotation">
-<h4>Annotation</h4>
-
-
-<p>A note's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">noteExpression</span> production.
-</p>
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">annotationExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">hasAnnotation</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">nIdentifier</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-hasAnnotation(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex2:n1)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-
-</section>
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="subexpressions">
-<h3>Further Expressions</h3>
-
-This section defines further expressions of PROV-ASN.
-
-
-<section id="expression-NamespaceDeclaration">
-<h3>Namespace Declaration</h3>
-
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclarations</span> ::=
- | <span class="group"><span class="nonterminal">defaultNamespaceDeclaration</span> | <span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclaration</span></span> <span class="star"> <span
-class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclaration</span></span><br>
-<span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclaration</span> ::=
-<span class="name">prefix</span> <span class="nonterminal">prefix</span> <span class="nonterminal">IRI</span><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">defaultNamespaceDeclaration</span> ::=
- <span class="name">default</span> <span class="nonterminal">IRI</span> <br/>
-</div>
-
-<p>In PROV-ASN, the prefix <span class="name">prov</span> is reserved and denotes the PROV namespace.</p>
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="expression-identifier">
-<h4>Identifier</h4>
-
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">qualifiedName</span><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote an entity)</em><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote an activity)</em><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote an agent)</em><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">gIdentifier</span>::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote a generation)</em><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">uIdentifier</span>::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote a usage)</em><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">nIdentifier</span>::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote a note)</em><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">accIdentifier</span>::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote an account)</em>
-<br/>
-<br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">qualifiedName</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">prefixedName</span> | <span class="nonterminal">unprefixedName</span><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">prefixedName</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">prefix</span> <span class="name">:</span> <span class="nonterminal">localPart</span><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">unprefixedName</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">localPart</span><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">prefix</span> ::= <em>a name without colon compatible with the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/#NT-NCName">NC_NAME</a> production
-[[!XML-NAMES]]</em><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">localPart</span> ::= <em>a name without colon compatible with the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/#NT-NCName">NC_NAME</a> production
-[[!XML-NAMES]]</em>
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="note">Note that XML NC_NAME don't allow local identifiers to start with a number. Instead, should we use the productions used in SPARQL or TURTLE?</div>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="expression-attribute">
-<h4>Attribute</h4>
-
-
-<p>An attribute's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">attribute</span> production.</p>
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">attribute</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">qualifiedName</span><br/>
-</div>
-
-<p>The reserved attributes in the PROV namespace are the following.</p>
-
-<ol>
-<li> <span class="name">prov:label</span>
-<li> <span class="name">prov:location</span>
-<li> <span class="name">prov:role</span>
-<li> <span class="name">prov:steps</span>
-<li> <span class="name">prov:type</span>
-</ol>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-
-<section id="expression-literal">
-<h4>Literal</h4>
-
-<p>A Literal's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">Literal</span> production.</p>
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">Literal</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">typedLiteral</span> | <span class="nonterminal">convenienceNotation</span> <br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">typedLiteral</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">quotedString</span> <span class="name">%%</span> <span class="nonterminal">datatype</span><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">datatype</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">qualifiedName</span><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">convenienceNotation</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">stringLiteral</span> | <span class="nonterminal">intLiteral</span><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">stringLiteral</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">quotedString</span><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">quotedString</span> ::= <em>a finite sequence of characters in which " (U+22) and \ (U+5C) occur only in pairs of the form \" (U+5C, U+22) and \\ (U+5C,
-U+5C), enclosed in a pair of " (U+22) characters</em><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">intLiteral</span> ::= <em>a finite-length sequence of decimal digits (#x30-#x39) with an optional leading negative sign (-)</em>
-</div>
-
-<p>The non terminals <span class="nonterminal">stringLiteral</span> and
-<span class="nonterminal">intLiteral</span>
-are syntactic sugar for quoted strings with datatype <span class="name">xsd:string</span> and <span class="name">xsd:int</span>, respectively.
-</p>
-
-<p> In particular, a PROV-DM Literal may be an IRI-typed string (with datatype <span class="name">xsd:anyURI</span>); such IRI has no specific interpretation in the context of PROV-DM.</p>
-
-<section id="expression-types">
-<h4>Reserved Type Values</h4>
-
-<p>The reserved type values in the PROV namespace are the following.</p>
-
-<ol>
-<li> <span class="name">prov:AccountEntity</span>
-<li> <span class="name">prov:ComputingSystem</span>
-<li> <span class="name">prov:Human</span>
-<li> <span class="name">prov:Organization</span>
-<li> <span class="name">prov:Plan</span>
-<li> <span class="name">prov:Collection</span>
-<li> <span class="name">prov:EmptyCollection</span>
-</ol>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="expression-Time">
-<h4>Time Values</h4>
-
-<p><dfn id="dfn-time">Time instants</dfn> are defined according to xsd:dateTime [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]].</p>
-
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-</section>
-</section>
-
-<section id="common-relations">
-<h2>Common Relations</h2>
-
-<div class="note">
-TO ADD
-</div>
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-
-<section id="ExpressionContainer">
-<h4>Expression Container</h4>
-
-<p>An <dfn id="dfn-ExpressionContainer">expression container</dfn> is a house-keeping construct of PROV-ASN capable of packaging up PROV-ASN <a title="expression">expressions</a> and namespace declarations. An expression container forms a self-contained package of provenance descriptions for the purpose of <em>exchanging</em> them. An expression container may be used
- to package up PROV-ASN <a title="record">expressions</a> in response to a request for the provenance of something ([[PROV-AQ]]).</p>
-
-<p> Given its status of house keeping construct for the purpose of exchanging provenance expressions, an expression container is not defined as a PROV-ASN expression (<a href="#data-model-concepts">production <span class="nonterminal">expression</span></a>).</p>
-
-
-<p>An expression container, written <span class="name">container decls exprs endContainer</span> in PROV-ASN, contains:
-<ul>
-<li><em>namespaceDeclarations</em>: a set <span class="name">decls</span> of namespace declarations, declaring namespaces and associated prefixes, which can be used in <a
-title="attribute">attributes</a> and <a title="identifier">identifiers</a> occurring inside <span class="name">exprs</span>;</li>
-<li><em>expressions</em>: a non-empty set of expressions <span class="name">exprs</span>.</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>An expression container's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">expressionContainer</span> production.</p>
-
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">expressionContainer</span> ::=
-<span class="name">container</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclarations</span>
-<span class="plus"> <span class="nonterminal">expression</span> </span>
-<span class="name">endContainer</span>
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-The following container contains expressions related to the provenance of entity
-<span class="name">e2</span>.
-</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-container
-
- prefix ex: http://example.org/,
-
- entity(e2, [ prov:type="File", ex:path="/shared/crime.txt", ex:creator="Alice",
- ex:content="There was a lot of crime in London last month."])
- activity(a1, 2011-11-16T16:05:00,,[prov:type="edit"])
- wasGeneratedBy(e2, a1, [ex:fct="save"])
- wasAssociatedWith(a1, ag2, [prov:role="author"])
- agent(ag2, [ prov:type="prov:Person" %% xsd:QName, ex:name="Bob" ])
-
-endContainer
-</pre>
-<p>This container could for instance be returned as the result of a query to a provenance store for the provenance of entity <span class="name">e2</span> [[PROV-AQ]].
-</p>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<div class='issue'>
-Clarify what records are. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/208">ISSUE-208</a>. </div>
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="account">
-<h3>Account</h3>
-
-<p>PROV-DM has introduced a notion of account by which a set of provenance descriptions can be bundled up and named. PROV-DM <em>assumes</em> the existence of mechanisms to implement accounts, but such mechanisms remain outside its scope. It is suggested that specific serializations may offer solutions to name bundles of descriptions. </p>
-
-<p>Given that the primary motivation for PROV-ASN is to provide a notation aimed at human consumption, it is therefore appropriate to introduce a notation for accounts, which would include an account name and a bundle of expressions.</p>
-
-
-
-<p>An account, written <span class="name">account(id, exprs)</span> in PROV-ASN, contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><em>id</em>: an identifier <span class="name">id</span> that identifies this account;</li>
-<li><em>expressions</em>: a set <span class="name">exprs</span> of expressions;</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>In PROV-ASN, an account's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">accountExpression</span> production of the grammar.</p>
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">accountExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">account</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="plus">
-<span class="nonterminal">expression</span> </span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
-</div>
-
-<p>It is also useful to package up one or more account expressions in an expression container, for interchange purpose. Hence, <span class="nonterminal">expressionContainer</span> is revised as follows. </p>
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">expressionContainer</span> ::=
-<span class="name">container</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclarations</span>
-<span class="plus"> <span class="nonterminal">expression</span> </span>
-<span class="name">endContainer</span> <br/>
-| <span class="name">container</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclarations</span>
-<span class="plus"> <span class="nonterminal">accountExpression</span> </span>
-<span class="name">endContainer</span>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-The following container </p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-container
- prefix ex: http://example.org/,
-
- account(ex:acc1,...)
- account(ex:acc2,...)
-endContainer
-</pre>
-<p> illustrates how two accounts with identifiers <span class="name">ex:acc1</span> and <span class="name">ex:acc2</span> can be returned in a PROV-ASN serialization of the provenance of
-something.
-</p>
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-The following container </p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-container
- prefix ex: http://example.org/,
- ...
-
- account(ex:acc1,
- entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
- entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
- ...
- wasAssociatedWith(ex:pub2, w3:Consortium @ pr:rec-advance))
-
- account(ex:acc2,
- entity(ex:acc1, [prov:type="prov:AccountEntity" %% xsd:QName ])
- wasAttributedTo(ex1:acc1,w3:Consortium))
-
-endContainer
-</pre>
-<p> illustrates a first account, with identifier <span class="name">ex:acc1</span>, containing expressions describing the provenance of the technical report <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>, and a second account <span class="name">ex:acc2</span>, describing the provenance of the first. In account <span class="name">ex:acc2</span>, <span class="name">ex:acc1</span> is the identifier of an entity of type <span class="name">prov:AccountEntity</span>.
-</p>
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-<!-- no longer necessary to say that.
-
-<p>All the records in <span class="name">recs</span> are implictly wrapped in a default account, scoping all the record identifiers they declare directly, and constituting a toplevel
-account, in the hierarchy of accounts. Consequently, every provenance record is always expressed in the context of an account, either explicitly in an asserted account, or implicitly in a
-container's default account.</p>
-
--->
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-
- </body></html>
--- a/model/working-copy/prov-dm-constraints.html Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,1864 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-
-<html><head>
- <title>PROV-DM Part II: Constraints of the Provenance Data Model</title>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
- <!--
- === NOTA BENE ===
- For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
- out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
- -->
-<!-- PM -->
- <style type="text/css">
- .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
- </style>
-
- <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
- <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
-
- <script class="remove">
- var addExtraReferences = function() {
- for (var k in extraReferences)
- berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
- };
- var extraReferences = {
- "CLOCK":
- "Lamport, L. "+
- "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
- "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
- "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
- "CSP":
- "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
- "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
- "Logic":
- "W. E. Johnson"+
- "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
- "1924. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
- "PROV-SEM":
- "James Cheney "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Work in progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
-
- "PROV-PRIMER":
- "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-DM":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
-
- "PROV-ASN":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\"><cite>PROV-ASN ....</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-O":
- "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
-
- "PROV-AQ":
- "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
- };
- var respecConfig = {
- // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
- specStatus: "ED",
-
- // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
- shortName: "prov-dm-constraints",
-
- // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
- // formal title, define it here
- //subtitle : "Initial draft (WD4) for internal discussion",
-
- // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
- //publishDate: "2012-02-01",
-
- // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
- // the start date here:
- copyrightStart: "2011",
-
- // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
- // and its maturity status
- previousPublishDate: "2012-02-02",
- previousMaturity: "WD",
-
- // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
- edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/working-copy/prov-dm-constraints.html",
-
- // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
- // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
-
- // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
- // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
- extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "./extra.css"],
-
- // editors, add as many as you like
- // only "name" is required
- editors: [
- { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
- company: "University of Southampton" },
- { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
- company: "Newcastle University" },
- ],
-
- // authors, add as many as you like.
- // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
- // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
-
- //authors: ,
-
- // name of the WG
- wg: "Provenance Working Group",
-
- // URI of the public WG page
- wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
-
- // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
- wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
-
- // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
- // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
- // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
- // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
- // Team Contact.
- wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
-
- // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
- preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
- };
- </script>
- </head>
- <body>
-
- <section id="abstract">
-<p>
-<b>Editors' working copy can change at any time. </b>
-</p>
- </section>
-
-<section id="sotd">
-<b>Editors' working copy can change at any time. </b>
-</section>
-
-
-<div class="buttonpanel">
-<form action="#"><p>
-<input id="hide-bnf" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','grammar','none'); set_display_by_id('hide-bnf','none'); set_display_by_id('show-bnf','');" type="button" value="Hide Grammar" />
-<input id="show-bnf" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','grammar',''); set_display_by_id('hide-bnf',''); set_display_by_id('show-bnf','none');" style="display: none" type="button"
-value="Show Grammar" />
-<input id="hide-examples" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','anexample','none'); set_display_by_id('hide-examples','none'); set_display_by_id('show-examples','');" type="button"
-value="Hide Examples" />
-<input id="show-examples" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','anexample',''); set_display_by_id('hide-examples',''); set_display_by_id('show-examples','none');" style="display: none"
-type="button" value="Show Examples" />
-</p>
-</form>
-</div>
-
-
- <section id="introduction">
- <h2>Introduction<br>
-</h2>
-
-<p> Provenance is defined as a record that describes the people,
-institutions, entities, and activities, involved in producing,
-influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a thing in the world. A
-companion specification [[PROV-DM]] defines PROV-DM, a data model for
-provenance, allowing such descriptions to be expressed.
-</p>
-
-
-<p>PROV-DM has essentially be defined without any constraints [[PROV-DM]]. This document introduces a further set of concepts underpinning this data model and defines constraints that well-structured provenance descriptions should follow and that provide an interpretation for these descriptions. </p>
-
-
-<p>This specification is one of several specifications, referred to as the PROV family of specifications, defining the various aspects
-that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable exchange of provenance:</p>
-<ul>
-<li>A data model for provenance, which is presented in three documents:
-<ul>
-<li> PROV-DM (part I): the provenance data model itself, expressed in natural language [[PROV-DM]];
-<li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS (part II): constraints underpinning the data model (this document);
-<li> PROV-ASN (part III): a notation to express instances of that data model for human consumption [[PROV-ASN]];
-</ul>
-</li>
-
-<li>PROV-O: a normative serialization of PROV-DM in RDF [[!PROV-O]], specified by means of a mapping to the OWL2 Web Ontology Language [[!OWL2-SYNTAX]];</li>
-<li>PROV-AQ: the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [[PROV-AQ]];</li>
-<li>PROV-PRIMER: a primer for the PROV approach [[PROV-PRIMER]];</li>
-<li>PROV-SEM: semantics of the PROV-DM data model [[PROV-SEM]];</li>
-</ul>
-
-
- <section id="structure-of-this-document">
-<h3>Structure of this Document</h3>
-
-<div class='note'>TODO</div>
-
-<p>In <a href="#prov-dm-refinement">section 2</a>, further concepts underpinning PROV-DM are introduced.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#data-model-constraints">Section 3</a></p>
-
-
-<p><a href="#definitional-constraints">Section 4</a></p>
-
-<p><a href="#account-constraints">Section 5</a>
-</p>
-
-<p><a href="#interpretation">Section 6</a></p>
-<p><a href="#structural-constraints">Section 7</a></p>
-<p><a href="#collection-constraints">Section 8</a></p>
-<p><a href="#refining-provenance-descriptions">Section 9</a> successively review refined provenance descriptions, and examine their meaning, in light of the constraints introduced in previous sections. </p>
-
-
-
- </section>
-
-
-
- <section id="conventions">
-<h3>Conventions</h3>
-
-
-
-<p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
- NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
- "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
- [[!RFC2119]].</p>
- </section>
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id='prov-dm-refinement'>
-<h2>Data Model Refinement</h2>
-
-<p>Underpinning the PROV-DM data model is a notion of event, marking transitions in the world (when entities are generated, used, or destroyed, or activities started or ended). This notion of event is not first-class in the data model, but underpins many of its concepts and its semantics [[PROV-SEM]]. Thus, using this notion of event, we can provide an interpretation for the data model, which in turn can allow creators of provenance assertions to make their assertions more robust. </p>
-
-
- <section id='section-time-event'>
-<h4>Time and Event</h4>
-
-<p>Time is critical in the context of provenance, since it can help corroborate provenance claims. For instance, if an entity is claimed to be obtained by transforming another, then the
-latter must have existed before the former. If it is not the case, then there is something wrong with such a provenance claim. </p>
-
-<p> Although time is critical, we should also recognize that provenance can be used in many different contexts: in a single system, across the Web, or in spatial data management, to name a
-few. Hence, it is a design objective of PROV-DM to minimize the assumptions about time, so that PROV-DM can be used in varied contexts. </p>
-
-
-<p>Furthermore, consider two activities that started at the same time
-instant. Just by referring to that instant, we cannot distinguish
-which activity start we refer to. This is particularly relevant if we
-try to explain that the start of these activities had different
-reasons. We need to be able to refer to the start of an activity as a
-first class concept, so that we can talk about it and about its
-relation with respect to other similar starts. </p>
-
-
-<p>Hence, in our conceptualization of the world, an <em>instantaneous event</em>, or <dfn id="dfn-event">event</dfn> for short, happens in the world and marks a change in the world, in its
-activities and in its entities.
-The term "event" is commonly used in process algebra with a similar meaning. For instance, in CSP [[CSP]], events represent communications or interactions; they are assumed to be atomic and
-instantaneous.</p>
-
-
-
-
-<section id="types-of-events">
-<h4>Types of Events</h4>
-
-<p>Four kinds of <a title="event">instantaneous events</a> underpin the PROV-DM data model. The <strong>activity start</strong> and <strong>activity end</strong> events demarcate the
-beginning and the end of activities, respectively. The <strong>entity generation</strong> and <strong>entity usage</strong> events demarcate the characterization interval for entities. More
-specifically:
-
-</p>
-
-<p>An <dfn id="dfn-generation-event">entity generation event</dfn> is the <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the final instant of an entity's creation timespan, after which
-it is no longer available for use.</p>
-
-<p>An <dfn id="dfn-usage-event">entity usage event</dfn> is the <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the first instant of an entity's consumption timespan by an activity.</p>
-
-<p>An <dfn id="dfn-destruction-event">entity destruction event</dfn> is the <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the initial instant of an entity's destruction timespan, after which
-it no longer becomes available for use.</p>
-
-<div class='note'>Tentative definition of destruction!</div>
-
-
-<p>An <dfn id="dfn-start-event">activity start event</dfn> is the <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the instant an activity starts.</p>
-
-<p>An <dfn id="dfn-end-event">activity end event</dfn> is the <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the instant an activity ends.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="event-ordering">
-<h4>Event Ordering</h4>
-
-<p>To allow for minimalistic clock assumptions, like Lamport
-[[CLOCK]], PROV-DM relies on a notion of relative ordering of <a title="event">instantaneous events</a>,
-without using physical clocks. This specification assumes that a partial order exists between <a title="event">instantaneous events</a>.
-</p>
-
-
-<p>Specifically, <dfn id="dfn-follows">follows</dfn> is a partial
-order between <a title="event">instantaneous events</a>, indicating that an <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> occurs at the same time as or after another.
-For symmetry, <dfn id="dfn-precedes">precedes</dfn> is defined as
-the inverse of follows. (Hence, these relations are reflexive and transitive.)</p>
-
-
-<p> How such partial order is realized in practice is beyond the scope
-of this specification. This specification only assumes that
-each <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> can be mapped to an instant in some form of
-timeline. The actual mapping is not in scope of this
-specification. Likewise, whether this timeline is formed of a single
-global timeline or whether it consists of multiple Lamport's style
-clocks is also beyond this specification. It is anticipated
-that <a>follows</a> and <a>precedes</a> correspond to some ordering
-over this timeline.
-</p>
-
-
-<p>This specification introduces a set of "temporal interpretation"
-rules allowing the derivation of <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints from
-provenance descriptions. According to such temporal interpretation,
-descriptions MUST satisfy such constraints. We note that the
-actual verification of such ordering constraints is outside the
-scope of this specification. </p>
-
-<p>PROV-DM also allows for time observations to be inserted in specific
-descriptions, for each recognized <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> introduced
-in this specification. The presence of a time observation for a
-given <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> fixes the mapping of this <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> to the
-timeline. It can also help with the verification of associated
-ordering constraints (though, again, this verification is outside the
-scope of this specification).
-</p>
-
-
-
-</section>
-
- </section>
-
-
-
- <section id='section-attributes'>
-<h4>Attributes in Entities and Beyond </h4>
-
-<p>When we talk about things in the world in natural language and even when we assign identifiers, we are often imprecise in ways that make it difficult to clearly and unambiguously report
-provenance: a resource with a URL may be understood as referring to a report available at that URL, the version of the report available there today, the report independent of where it is
-hosted over time, etc.</p>
-
-<p>From a provenance viewpoint, it is important to identify a "<em>partial state</em>" of something, i.e. something with some aspects that have been fixed, so that it becomes possible to express its provenance, and what causes that thing, with these specific aspects to be as such. </p>
-
-<p>It is the purpose of attributes in PROV-DM to help fix some aspect of entities.
-Indeed, we previously defined
-entities as things in the world one wants to provide provenance for;
-we refine this definition as follows, using attribute-values to describe entities' "partial states", and linking them to the very existence of entities.</p>
-
-<p>
-An <dfn>entity</dfn> is a thing in the world one wants to provide provenance for and whose situation in the world is represented by some attribute-value pairs; an entity's attribute-value pairs remain unchanged during an entity's characterization interval, which is defined as the period comprised between its <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> and its <a title="entity destruction event">destruction event</a>.</p>
-
-<p>An entity fixes some aspects of a thing and its situation in the
-world. An alternative entity may fix other aspects, and its provenance
-may be different.</p>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<div class="anexample" id="a-report-example">
-Different users may take different perspectives on a resource with
-a URL. For each perspective, an entity may be expressed:
-<ul>
-<li>a report available at a URL: fixes the nature of the thing, i.e. a document, and its location; </li>
-<li>the version of the report available there today: fixes its version number, contents, and its date;</li>
-<li>the report independent of where it is hosted and of its content over time: fixes the nature of the thing as a conceptual artifact.</li></ul>
-The provenance of these three entities may differ, and may be along the following lines:
-<ul>
-<li>the provenance of a report available at a URL may include: the act of publishing it and making it available at a given location, possibly under some license and access control;</li>
-<li>the provenance of the version of the report available there today may include: the authorship of the specific content, and reference to imported content;</li>
-<li>the provenance of the report independent of where it is hosted over time may include: the motivation for writing the report, the overall methodology for producing it, and the broad team
-involved in it.</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-<p>We do not assume that any entity is more important than any other; in fact, it is possible to describe the processing that occurred for the report to be commissioned, for
-individual versions to be created, for those versions to be published at the given URL, etc., each via a different entity with attribute-value pairs that fix some aspect of the report appropriately.</p>
-
-<p>Attributes are not restricted to entities, but they belong to a variety of PROV-DM objects, including activities, activity associations, responsibility chains, generations, usages, derivations, and alternates. Each object has its duration interval, and attribute-value pairs for a given object, are expected to be unchanged for the object's duration.</p>
-</section>
-
-
-
- <section id="representation-term-assertion-inference">
-<h3>Description, Assertion, and Inference</h3>
-
-<p>
-PROV-DM is a provenance data model designed to express <em>descriptions</em> of the world.
-</p>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-A file at some point during its lifecycle, which includes multiple edits by multiple people, can be described by its type, its location in the file system, a creator, and content.
-</div>
-
-
-<p>The data model is designed to capture activities that happened in the past, as opposed to activities
-that may or will happen.
-However, this distinction is not formally enforced.
-Therefore, all PROV-DM descriptions SHOULD be interpreted as what has happened, as opposed to what may or will happen.</p>
-
-
-
-<p>
-This specification does not prescribe the means by which descriptions can be arrived at; for example, descriptions can be composed on the basis of observations, reasoning, or any other means.
-</p>
-
-
-<p>
-Sometimes, inferences about the world can be made from descriptions
-conformant to the PROV-DM data model. When this is the case, this
-specification defines such inferences, allowing new descriptions
-to be inferred from existing ones. Hence, descriptions of the world
-can result either from direct assertion or from inference
-by application of inference rules defined by this specification.
-</p>
-
-
-
-</section>
-<div class='issue'> We need to refine the definition of entity and activity, and all the concepts in general. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/223">ISSUE-223</a>.</div>
-
-
-
-
- <section id="account-and-accountEntity">
- <h3>Account and AccountEntity</h3>
-
-
-<p>It is common for multiple provenance records to co-exist. For
-instance, when emailing a file, there could be a provenance record
-kept by the mail client, and another by the mail server. Such
-provenance records may provide different explanations about something
-happening in the world, because they are created by different parties
-or observed by different witnesses. A given party could also create
-multiple provenance records about an execution, to capture different
-levels of details, targeted at different end-users: the programmer of
-an experiment may be interested in a detailed log of execution, while
-the scientists may focus more on the scientific-level description.
-Given that multiple provenance records can co-exist, it is important
-to have details about their origin, who they are attributed to, how
-they were generated, etc. In other words, an important requirement is
-to be able to express the provenance of provenance. </p>
-
-<p>
- <span class="glossary" id="glossary-account">
-An <dfn>account</dfn> is a named bundle of provenance descriptions.
-</span> PROV-DM does not provide an actual mechanism for creating accounts, i.e. for bundling up provenance descriptions and naming them. Accounts MUST satisfy some properties:
-<ul>
-<li>An account can be seen as a container of provenance descriptions, hence its content MAY change over time.</li>
-<li>If an account's set of descriptions changes over time, it increases monotonically with time. </li>
-<li>A given description of e.g. an entity in a given account, in terms of its identifier and attribute-value pairs, does not change over time. </li>
-</ul>
-
-<div class='note'>
-The last point is important and needs to be discussed by the Working Group.
-It indicates that within an account:
-<ul>
-<li>It is always possible to add new provenance descriptions, e.g. stating that a given entity was used by an activity. This is very much an open world assumption.
-<li>It is not permitted to add new attributes to a given entity (a form of closed world assumption from the attributes point of view), though it is always permitted to create a new description for an entity, which is a "copy" of the original description extended with novel attributes (cf Example <a href="#merge-with-rename">merge-with-rename</a>).
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-<p>
-There is no construct in PROV-DM to create such named bundles. Instead, it is assumed that some mechanism, outside PROV-DM can create them. However, from a provenance viewpoint, such accounts are things we may want to describe the provenance of. In order to be able to do so, we need to see accounts as entities, whose origin can be described using PROV-DM vocabulary. Thus, PROV-DM introduces the reserved type AccountEntity, defined as follows:
-<span class="glossary" id="glossary-entity">
- <dfn id="concept-accountEntity">AccountEntity</dfn> is the category of entities that are accounts, i.e. named bundles of provenance descriptions.
-</span>
-</p>
-
- </section>
-</section>
-
-
-
-<section id="data-model-constraints">
-<h2>Constraints Applicable to PROV-DM </h2>
-
-<p>In [[PROV-DM]], a data model for provenance has been defined without introducing any constraint that this data model has to satisfy. In <a href="#prov-dm-refinement">Section 2</a>, various notions have been introduced, attributes, event, entity interval, activity interval, accounts, which underpin the PROV-DM data model. Using these notion, we explore the constraints
-that the PROV-DM data model has to satisfy. </p>
-
-<div class='note'>
-<p> Overview the kind of constraints</p>
-<ul>
-<li>Definitional constraints (<a href="#definitional-constraints">Section 4</a>)</li>
-<li>Account constraints (<a href="#account-constraints">Section 5</a>)</li>
-<li>Event ordering constraints (<a href="#interpretation">Section 6</a>)</li>
-<li>Structural constraints (<a href="#structural-constraints">Section 7</a>)</li>
-<li>Collection constraints (<a href="#collection-constraints">Section 8</a>)</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="definitional-constraints">
-
-<h2>PROV-DM Definitional Constraints and Inferences</h2>
-
-<p>In this section, we revisit elements and relations of PROV-DM, and examine and examine the constraints associated with their definitions. </p>
-
-
-<div class='note'>
-Proposing to remove the subsections in this section, since some have no constraints.
-</div>
-
-
- <section id="term-element">
-<h3>Element</h3>
-
-<div class="issue">
-There is still some confusion about what the identifiers really denote. For instance, are they entity identifiers or entity record identifiers. This is <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/183">ISSUE-183</a>.
-An example and questions appear in <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/215">ISSUE-215</a>. A related issued is also raised in <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/145">ISSUE-145</a>.
-</div>
-
- <section id="term-Entity">
-
-<h4>Entity</h4>
-
-
-<p>
-An <dfn>entity</dfn> is a thing in the world one wants to provide provenance for and whose situation in the world is represented by some attribute-value pairs; an entity's attribute-value pairs remain unchanged during an entity's characterization interval,
- i.e. a continuous interval between two <a title="event">instantaneous events</a> in the world, namely its <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> and its <a title="entity destruction event">destruction event</a>.</p>
-
-
-Further considerations:
-<ul>
-<li>In order to describe something over several intervals, it is required to create multiple entities (either by direct
-assertion or by inference), each with its own identifier (so as to allow potential dependencies between the various entity records).
-
-
-</li>
-
-<li>There is no assumption that the set of attributes is complete and that the attributes are independent or orthogonal of each other.</li>
-
-<li>A characterization interval may collapse into a single instant.</li>
-
-
-
-</ul>
-
-
-
-<div class='issue'>The characterization interval of an entity record is currently implicit. Making it explicit would allow us to define alternateOf and specializationOf more precisely.
-Beginning and end of characterization interval could be expressed by attributes (similarly to activities).
-How do we define the end of an entity? This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/204">ISSUE-204</a>.
-</div>
-
-
-
-
- </section>
-
- <section id="term-Activity">
-
-<h3>Activity</h3>
-
-
-
-<p>An activity is anything that involves entities. An activity is delimited by its <a title="activity start event">start</a> and its <a title="activity end event">end</a> events; hence, it occurs over
-an interval delimited by two <a title="event">instantaneous events</a>. However, an activity need not mention time information, nor duration, because they may not be known.
-An activity's attribute-value pairs remain unchanged during an activity's interval, i.e. an interval between two instantaneous events in the world, namely its <a title="activity start event">start</a> event and its <a title="activity end event">end</a> event.
-</p>
-
-<div class="interpretation-forward">
-For the interpretation of an activity, see <a href="#start-precedes-end">start-precedes-end</a>.
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-Agent">
-<h3>Agent</h3>
-
-
-
-
-<div class='issue'> Shouldn't we allow for entities (not agent) to be associated with an activity? Should we drop the inference association-agent? <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/203">ISSUE-203</a>.
-
-<p>One can assert an agent record or alternatively, one can infer an agent record
-by its association with an activity. </p>
-
-<div class='inference' id='association-agent'>
-<span class='conditional'>If</span> the records <span class="name">entity(e,attrs)</span>
-and
-<span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span> hold for some identifiers
-<span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span>, and attribute-values <span class="name">attrs</span>, then
-the record <span class="name">agent(e,attrs)</span> also holds.
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
- <section id="term-note">
-
-<h4>Note</h4>
-
-<p>Attribute-value pairs occurring in notes are application specific. Thus, their interpretation is outside the scope of this document, and they are not subject to any of the constraints listed in this document. </p>
-
-
-
- </section>
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="term-relation">
-<h3>PROV-DM Relations</h3>
-
-
-
-<section id="term-Generation">
-<h4>Generation</h4>
-
-
-<p>A <dfn id="dfn-Generation">generation</dfn> is an instantaneous world <a title="entity generation event">event</a>, the completed creation of a new
-entity by an activity. This entity become available for usage after this <a title="event">instantaneous
-event</a>. This entity did not exist before creation.
- This <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> encompasses a description of the modalities of generation of this entity by this activity, by means of key-value pairs.</p>
-
-
-
-<p>
-A generation's id is OPTIONAL. It MUST be used when annotating generations (see Section <a href="#term-annotation">Annotation</a>) or when defining precise-1
-derivations (see <a href="#Derivation-Relation">Derivation</a>).
-</p>
-
-
-<div class="interpretation-forward">
-For the interpretation of a generation, see <a href="#generation-within-activity">generation-within-activity</a>.
-</div>
-
-
-
-<p></p>
-<div class="structural-forward">
-See <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a> for a structural constraint on generations.
-</div>
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="term-Usage">
-<h3>Usage</h3>
-
-
-
-<p>A <dfn id="dfn-Use">usage</dfn> is an instantaneous world <a title="entity usage event">event</a>: an activity beginning to consume an entity.
-Before this event, the activity had not begun to consume or use to this entity.
- The description includes the modalities of usage of this entity by this activity.</p>
-
-
-
-
-<p>
-A usage id is OPTIONAL. It MUST be present when annotating usages (see Section <a href="#term-annotation">Annotation</a>) or when defining precise-1 derivations (see
-<a href="#Derivation-Relation">Derivation</a>).</p>
-
-<p>
-A reference to a given entity MAY appear in multiple usages for a given activity identifier.
-</p>
-
-
-<div class="interpretation-forward">
-For the interpretation of a usage, see <a href="#generation-precedes-usage">generation-precedes-usage</a> and <a href="#usage-within-activity">usage-within-activity</a>.
-</div>
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<section id="term-ActivityAssociation">
-<h4>Activity Association</h4>
-
-<div class="interpretation-forward">
-For the interpretation of an activity association, see <a href="#wasAssociatedWith-ordering">wasAssociatedWith-ordering</a>.
-</div>
-
-
-<div class='issue'> The activity association record does not allow for a plan to be asserted without an agent.
-This seems over-restrictive. Discussed in the context of <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/203">ISSUE-203</a>.</div>
-
-
-<div class='issue'> Agents should not be inferred. WasAssociatedWith should also work with entities.
-This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/206">ISSUE-206</a>.</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-Start-End">
-<h4>Start and Ends</h4>
-
-
-<div class='issue'>
-Should we define start/end records as representation of activity start/end events.
-Should time be associated with these events rather than with activities. This will be similar to what
-we do for entities. This is issue <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/207">ISSUE-207</a>.</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<section id="term-responsibility">
-
-<h4>Responsibility Chain</h4>
-
-
-Nothing here.
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="Derivation-Relation">
-<h4>Derivation</h4>
-
-
-
-<p>A precise-1 derivation is richer than an imprecise-1 derivation, itself, being more informative that an imprecise-n derivation Hence, the following implications
-hold.</p>
-<div class='inference' id='derivation-implications'>
-Given two entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> the assertion <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,
-e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</span>
- holds for some generation identified by <span class="name">g2</span>, and usage identified by <span class="name">u1</span>, then <span
-class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:steps="single"] ∪ attrs)</span> also holds.<br>
-
-Given two entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> the assertion <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,
-e1, [prov:steps="single"] ∪ attrs)</span>
- holds, then <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,attrs)</span> also holds.<br>
- </div>
-
-<div class="interpretation-forward">
-For the interpretation of a derivation, see <a href="#derivation-usage-generation-ordering">derivation-usage-generation-ordering</a> and <a
-href="#derivation-generation-generation-ordering">derivation-generation-generation-ordering</a>
-</div>
-
-
-<p>The imprecise-1 derivation has the same meaning as the precise-1
- derivation, except that an activity
- is known to exist, though it does not need to be
-asserted. This is formalized by the following inference rule,
-referred to as <em>activity introduction</em>:</p>
-<div class='inference' id="activity-introduction">
-<span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> there exist an activity, with identifier <span
-class="name">a</span>, a usage identified by <span class="name">u</span>, and a generation identified by <span class="name">g</span>
-such that:
-<pre class="codeexample">
-activity(a,aAttrs)
-wasGeneratedBy(g,e2,a,gAttrs)
-used(u,a,e1,uAttrs)
-</pre>
-for sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">gAttrs</span>, <span class="name">uAttrs</span>, and <span class="name">aAttrs</span>.
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-<p>
-Note that inferring derivation from usage and generation does not hold
-in general. Indeed, when a generation <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(g, e2, a, attrs2)</span>
-<a>precedes</a> <span class="name">used(u, a, e1, attrs1)</span>, for
-some <span class="name">e1</span>, <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="name">attrs1</span>, <span class="name">attrs2</span>, and <span class="name">a</span>, one
-cannot infer derivation <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g, u)</span>
-or <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> since
-of <span class="name">e2</span> cannot possibly be derived from
- <span class="name">e1</span>, given the creation of <span class="name">e2</span> <a>precedes</a> the use
-of <span class="name">e1</span>.
-</p>
-
-
-<p>The effective placeholder for an entity generation time is <a>generation</a>. The presence of
-time information in imprecise derivations is merely a convenience notation for a timeless derivation and a generation with this generation time information. </p>
-
-<div class='inference' id="derivation-time-elimination">
-<span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,t,attrs)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following expressions also hold:
-<span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,attrs)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,t)</span>.
-</div>
-
-<p></p>
-<div class="structural-forward">
-See <a href="#derivation-use">derivation-use</a> for a structural constraint on derivations.
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-<div class='issue'>Several points were raised about the attribute steps.
-Its name, its default value <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/180">ISSUE-180</a>.
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/179">ISSUE-179</a>.</div>
-
-<div class='issue'> Emphasize the notion of 'affected by' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/133">ISSUE-133</a>.</div>
-
-<div class='issue'> Simplify derivation <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/249">ISSUE-249</a>.</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="term-alternate-specialization">
-
-<h4>Alternate and Specializations</h4>
-
-<p>Nothing to add here</p>
-
- <div class="note">
-In order to further convey the intended meaning, the following properties are associated to these two relations.
-
- <ul>
- <li><span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> is <strong>transitive</strong>: <span class="name">specializationOf(e3,e2)</span> and <span
-class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> implies <span class="name">specializationOf(e3,e1)</span>.
-
- <li><span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> is <strong>anti-symmetric</strong>: <span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> implies that <span
-class="name">specializationOf(e1,e2)</span> does not hold.
- <li><span class="name">alternateOf(e2,e1)</span> is <strong>symmetric</strong>: <span class="name">alternateOf(e2,e1)</span> implies <span class="name">alternateOf(e1,e2)</span>.
- </ul>
-
-There are proposals to make alternateOf a transitive property. This is still under discussion and the default is for alternateOf <strong>not</strong> to be transitive, and this is what the current text reflects.</div>
-
-
-<div class='issue'>A discussion on alternative definition of these relations has not reached a satisfactory conclusion yet. This is <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/29">ISSUE-29</a>. Also <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/96">ISSUE-96</a>.</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-
- <section id="common-relations">
-<h2>PROV-DM Common Relations</h2>
-
-<p>This section contains constraints associated with PROV-DM common relations.</p>
-
-
-
-
-
-<section id="term-traceability">
-<h3>Traceability</h3>
-
-
-<p>Traceability can be inferred from existing descriptions, or can be asserted stating that a dependency path exists without its individual steps being expressed. This is captured
-by the following inference and constraint, respectively.
-
-<div class='inference' id='traceability-inference'>
-Given two identifiers <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span> for entities,
-the following statements hold:
-
-<ol>
-<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1)</span> holds, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">g2</span>, <span
-class="name">u1</span>, <span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds.</li>
-<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also
-holds.</li>
-<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr) and wasAssociatedWith(a,e1)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span> and <span
-class="name">gAttr</span>, <span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds.</li>
-<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr)</span>, <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span> and <span
-class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(e,e1)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span>, and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, <span
-class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds.</li>
-<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr) and wasStartedBy(a,e1,sAttr)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span
-class="name">e</span>, and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, and <span class="name">sAttr</span>, <span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also
-holds.</li>
-<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e)</span> and <span class="name">tracedTo(e,e1)</span> hold for some <span class="name">e</span>, <span
-class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds.</li>
-</ol>
-</div>
-
-<p>We note that the inference rule <a href="#traceability-inference">traceability-inference</a> does not allow us to infer attributes, which are application specific. </p>
-
-<div class='constraint' id='traceability-assertion'>
-<span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(r2,r1,attrs)</span> holds for two identifiers <span class="name">r2</span> and <span class="name">r1</span>
-identifying entities, and attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs</span>,
- <span class='conditional'>then</span> there exist
-<span class="name">e<sup>0</sup></span>, <span class="name">e<sup>1</sup></span>, ..., <span class="name">e<sup>n</sup></span> for <span class="name">n≥1</span>, with <span
-class="name">e<sup>0</sup></span>=<span class="name">r2</span> and <span class="name">e<sup>n</sup></span>=<span class="name">r1</span>, and
-for any i such that <span class="name">0≤i≤n-1</span>, at least of the following statements holds:
-<ul>
-<li> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>,a,g2,u1)</span> holds, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">g2</span>, <span class="name">u1</span>,
-or</li>
-<li> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span> holds, or</li>
-<li> <span class="name">wasBasedOn(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span> holds, or</li>
-<li> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr) and wasAssociatedWith(a,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span> and <span
-class="name">gAttr</span>, or</li>
-<li> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr)</span>, <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span> and <span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(e,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span> hold,
-for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span> and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, or</li>
-<li> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr) and wasStartedBy(a,e<sup>i+1</sup>,sAttr)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span>, and
-<span class="name">gAttr</span>, and <span class="name">sAttr</span>.</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-<p>We note that the previous constraint is not really an inference <em>rule</em>, since there is nothing that we can actually infer. Instead, this constraint should simply be seen as part
-of the definition of the traceability relation. </p>
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-OrderingOfActivities">
-<h3>Activity Ordering</h3>
-
-
-
-<p> An information flow ordering relation is formally defined as follows.</p>
-
-<div class='constraint' id='wasInformedBy-Definition'>Given two activities identified by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>,
- <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span>
-holds, <span class='conditional'>if and only if</span>
- there is an entity with some identifier <span class="name">e</span> and some sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs1</span> and <span class="name">attrs2</span>,
-such that <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a1,attrs1)</span> and <span class="name">used(a2,e,attrs2)</span> hold.
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="interpretation-forward">
-For the interpretation of an information flow ordering, see <a href="#wasInformedBy-ordering">wasInformedBy-ordering</a>.
-</div>
-
-
-<p>The relationship <span class="name">wasInformedBy</span> is not transitive. Indeed, consider the following fragment.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-wasInformedBy(a2,a1)
-wasInformedBy(a3,a2)
-</pre>
-<p> We cannot infer <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a3,a1)</span> from these expressions. Indeed,
-from
-<span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span>, we know that there exists <span class="name">e1</span> such that <span class="name">e1</span> was generated by <span class="name">a1</span>
-and used by <span class="name">a2</span>. Likewise, from <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a3,a2)</span>, we know that there exists <span class="name">e2</span> such that <span
-class="name">e2</span> was generated by <span class="name">a2</span> and used by <span class="name">a3</span>. The following illustration shows a case for which transitivity cannot hold. The
-horizontal axis represents the event line. We see that <span class="name">e1</span> was generated after <span class="name">e2</span> was used. Furthermore, the illustration also shows that
-<span class="name">a3</span> completes before <span class="name">a1</span>. So it is impossible for <span class="name">a3</span> to have used an entity generated by <span
-class="name">a1</span>.</p>
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
-<figure>
-<img src="../informedByNonTransitive.png" alt="non transitivity of wasInformedBy" />
-<figcaption>Counter-example for transitivity of wasInformedBy</figcaption>
-</figure>
-</div>
-
-<p>Control ordering between two activities denoted by <span class="name">a2</span> and <span class="name">a1</span> is specified as follows.</p>
-
-<div class='constraint' id='wasStartedBy'>Given two activities with identifiers <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>,
- <span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,a1)</span>
-holds <span class='conditional'>if and only if</span>
- there exist an entity with some identifier <span class="name">e</span>
-and some attributes <span class="name">gAttr</span> and <span class="name">sAttr</span>,
-such that
- <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a1,gAttr)</span>
- and <span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,e,sAttr)</span> hold.
-</div>
-
-<p>We note that an activity start associates an activity with an agent, and is denoted by the name <span class="name">wasStartedBy</span>. A <a>control ordering</a> relation associates an
-activity with another activity, also denoted by the name <span class="name">wasStartedBy</span>. Effectively, by considering both relation types, the relation <span
-class="name">wasStartedBy</span> has a range formed by the union of agents and activities.</p>
-
-
-
-<div class="interpretation-forward">
-For the interpretation of a control flow ordering, see <a href="#wasStartedBy-ordering">wasStartedBy-ordering</a>.
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-Revision">
-<h3>Revision</h3>
-
-
-
-<p>A revision needs to satisfy the following constraint, linking the two entities by a derivation, and stating them to be a specialization of a third entity.</p>
-
-<div class='inference' id='wasRevision'>
-Given two identifiers <span class="name">old</span> and <span class="name">new</span> identifying two entities, and an identifier <span class="name">ag</span> identifying an agent,
-<span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasRevisionOf(new,old,ag)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span>
-there exists an entity with some identifier <span class="name">e</span> and some attribute-values <span class="name">eAttrs</span>, <span class="name">dAttrs</span>, such that the following
-hold:
-<ul>
-<li> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(new,old,dAttrs)</span>;
-<li> <span class="name">entity(e,eAttrs)</span>;
-<li> <span class="name">specializationOf(new,e)</span>;
-<li> <span class="name">specializationOf(old,e)</span>.
-</ul>
-The derivation may be imprecise-1 or imprecise-n.
-</div>
-
-<p><span class="name">wasRevisionOf</span> is a strict sub-relation
- of <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom</span> since two entities <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span>
- may satisfy <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> without being a variant of
- each other.
-</p>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="recod-attribution">
-<h3>Attribution</h3>
-
-
-<div class='inference' id='attribution-implication'>
-<span class='conditional'>If</span>
-<span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e,ag)</span> holds for some identifiers
-<span class="name">e</span> and <span class="name">ag</span>,
-<span class='conditional'>then</span>, there exists an activity with some identifier <span class="name">a</span> such that the following statements hold:
-<pre>
-activity(a,t1,t2,attr1)
-wasGenerateBy(e,a)
-wasAssociatedWith(a,ag,attr2)
-</pre>
-for some sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attr1</span> and <span class="name">attr2</span>, time <span class="name">t1</span>, and <span class="name">t2</span>.
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="term-quotation">
-<h3>Quotation</h3>
-
-
-<div class='inference' id='quotation-implication'>
-<span class='conditional'>If</span>
-<span class="name">wasQuotedFrom(e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</span> holds for some identifiers
-<span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="name">e1</span>, <span class="name">ag2</span>, <span class="name">ag1</span>,
-<span class='conditional'>then</span> the following hold:
-<pre>
-wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)
-wasAttributedTo(e2,ag2)
-wasAttributedTo(e1,ag1)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="term-summary">
-<h3>Summary</h3>
-
-<div class='issue'>Drop this relation <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/220">ISSUE-220</a>.</div>
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-orignal-source">
-<h3>Original Source</h3>
-
-<p>Nothing specific.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-<section id="term-Collection">
-<h3>Collections</h3>
-
-<p>Nothing specific, here, everything in Collection constraint section</p>
-
-</section>
-
- </section>
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-<section id="account-constraints">
-<h3>PROV-DM Account Constraints</h3>
-
-
-<p>PROV-DM allows for multiple descriptions of entities (and in general any identifiable object) to be expressed. </p>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="example-two-entities-one-id">
-<p>Let us consider two descriptions of a same entity, which we have taken from two different contexts (see example). A working draft published by the <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>:</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
-</pre>
-The second version of a document edited by some authors:
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
-</pre>
-<p>Both descriptions are about the same entity identified by
-<span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>, but they contain different attributes, reflecting the context in which they occur.
-</p>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<p>Two different descriptions of a same entity cannot co-exist in a same account
- as formalized in <a href="#unique-description-in-account">unique-description-in-account</a>.</p>
-
-<div class='constraint' id='unique-description-in-account'>
-<p>Given an entity identifier <span class="name">e</span>, there is at most one description
-<span class="name">entity(e,av)</span> occurring in a given account, where <span class="name">av</span> is some set of attribute-values. Other descriptions of the same entity can exist in different accounts.</p>
-
-<p>This constraint similarly applies to all other types of identifiable entities and relations.</p>
-</div>
-
-<p>
- <div class="structural-forward">
- See Section <a href="#structural-constraints">structural-constraints</a> for a structural constraint on accounts
- </div>
-</p>
-
-<p>In some cases, there may be a requirement for the two descriptions to be included in a same account. To satisfy the constraint <a href="#unique-description-in-account">unique-description-in-account</a>, we can adopt a different identifier for one of them, and relate the two descriptions with the <span class="name">alternateOf</span> relation. </p>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="merge-with-rename">
-<p>We now reconsider the same two descriptions of a same entity, but we change the identifier for one of them:</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
-entity(ex:alternate-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
-alternateOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex:alternate-20111215)
-alternateOf(ex:alternate-20111215,tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
- <section id="interpretation">
-<h3>PROV-DM Event Ordering Constraints</h3>
-
-<p>Section <a href="#section-time-event">section-time-event</a>
-introduces a notion of <a title="event">instantaneous event</a>
-marking changes in the world, in its activities and entities. PROV-DM
-identifies five kinds of <a title="event">instantaneous events</a>, namely <a>entity generation
-event</a>, <a>entity usage event</a>, <a>entity destruction event</a>, <a>activity start event</a>
-and <a>activity end event</a>. PROV-DM adopts Lamport's clock
-assumptions [[CLOCK]] in the form of a reflexive, transitive partial order <a>follows</a>
-(and its inverse <a>precedes</a>) between <a title="event">instantaneous events</a>. Furthermore,
-PROV-DM assumes the existence of a mapping from <a title="event">instantaneous events</a> to time clocks,
-though the actual mapping is not in scope of this specification.</p>
-
-<p>Given that provenance consists of a description of past entities
-and activities, to be meaningful provenance descriptions MUST
-satisfy <em>instantaneous event ordering constraints</em>, which we introduce in
-this section. For instance, an entity can only be used after it was
-generated; hence, we say that an entity's <a title="entity generation
-event">generation event</a> precedes any of this
-entity's <a title="entity usage event">usage event</a>. Should this
-ordering constraint be proven invalid, the associated generation and
-usage could not be credible. The rest of this section defines
-the <dfn>temporal interpretation</dfn> of provenance descriptions as a
-set of instantaneous event ordering constraints. </p>
-
-
-<p>PROV-DM also allows for time observations to be inserted in
-specific provenance descriptions, for each of the four kinds
-of <a title="event">instantaneous events</a> introduced in this specification. The
-presence of a time observation for a given <a>instantaneous event</a> fixes the
-mapping of this <a>instantaneous event</a> to the timeline. The presence of time
-information in a provenance description instantiates the ordering constraint with
-that time information. It is expected that such instantiated
-constraint can help corroborate provenance information. We anticipate
-that verification algorithms could be developedm, though this
-verification is outside the scope of this specification.
-</p>
-
-<p>The following figure summarizes the ordering constraints in a
-graphical manner. For each subfigure, an event time line points to the
-right. Activities are represented by rectangles, whereas entities are
-represented by circles. Usage, generation and derivation are
-represented by the corresponding edges between entities and
-activities. The four kind of <a title="event">instantaneous events</a> are represented by vertical
-dotted lines (adjacent to the vertical sides of an activity's
-rectangle, or intersecting usage and generation edges). The ordering
-constraints are represented by triangles: an occurrence of a triangle between two <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> vertical dotted lines represents that the event denoted by the left
-line precedes the event denoted by the right line.</p>
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
-<figure>
-<img src="../constraints.png" alt="constraints between events" />
-<figcaption id="constraint-summary">Summary of <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints</figcaption>
-</figure>
-</div>
-
-
-<p>The mere existence of an activity entails some <a>event</a> ordering in the world, since an <a>activity start event</a> always <a>precedes</a> the corresponding <a>activity end
-event</a>. This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (a) and expressed by constraint <a href="#start-precedes-end">start-precedes-end</a>.</p>
-
-<div class='interpretation' id='start-precedes-end'> The following ordering constraint holds for any activity: the
-<a title="activity start event">start event</a> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity end event">end event</a>.</div>
-
-<p> A usage and a generation for a given entity implies ordering of <a title="event">events</a> in the world, since the <a title="entity generation
-event">generation event</a> had to precede the <a title="entity usage event">usage event</a>. This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (b) and expressed by constraint <a href="#generation-precedes-usage">generation-precedes-usage</a>.</p>
-
-<div class='interpretation' id='generation-precedes-usage'>For any entity, the following ordering constraint holds: the <a title="entity generation event">generation</a> of an entity always
-<a>precedes</a> any of its <a title="entity usage event">usages</a>.
-</div>
-
-<p>A usage implies ordering of <a title="event">events</a> in the world, since the <a title="entity usage event">usage event</a> had to occur during the associated activity. This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (c) and expressed by constraint <a href="#usage-within-activity">usage-within-activity</a>.</p>
-
-<div class='interpretation' id='usage-within-activity'>Given an activity with identifier <span class="name">a</span>, an entity with identifier <span class="name">e</span>, a set
-of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs</span>, and optional time <span class="name">t</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span>
- assertion <span class="name">used(a,e,attrs)</span> or <span class="name">used(a,e,attrs,t)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraint holds:
- the <a title="entity usage event">usage</a> of the entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity end event">end</a> of
-activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> and <a>follows</a> its <a title="activity start event">start</a>.
-</div>
-
-
-
-<p>A generation implies ordering of <a title="event">events</a> in the world, since the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> had to occur during the associated activity. This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (d) and expressed by constraint <a href="#generation-within-activity">generation-within-activity</a>.</p>
-
-<div class='interpretation' id='generation-within-activity'>Given an activity with identifier <span class="name">a</span>, an entity with identifier <span class="name">e</span>, a set
-of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs</span>, and optional time <span class="name">t</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a,attrs)</span> or <span
-class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a,attrs,t)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraint also holds: the <a title="entity generation
-event">generation</a> of the entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity end event">end</a>
-of activity <span class="name">a</span> and <a>follows</a> the <a title="activity start event">start</a> of <span class="name">a</span>.
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-<p>If there is a derivation between <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span>, then
-this means that the entity <span class="name">e1</span> had some form of influence on the entity <span class="name">e2</span>; for this to be possible, some event ordering must be satisfied.
-First, we consider one-activity derivations. In that case, the <a title="entity usage event">usage</a> of <span class="name">e1</span> has to precede the <a title="entity generation
-event">generation</a> of <span class="name">e2</span>.
-This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (e) and expressed by constraint <a
-href="#derivation-usage-generation-ordering">derivation-usage-generation-ordering</a>.</p>
-
-
-<div class='interpretation' id='derivation-usage-generation-ordering'>Given an activity with identifier <span class="name">a</span>, entities with identifier <span
-class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, a generation identified by <span class="name">g2</span>, and a usage identified by <span class="name">u1</span>, <span
-class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1,attrs)</span>
-or <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:steps="single"] ∪ attrs)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span>
-the following ordering constraint holds:
-the <a title="entity usage event">usage</a>
-of entity denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="entity generation event">generation</a> of
-the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span>.
-</div>
-
-<p>For imprecise-n derivations, a similar constraint exists, but in this case, no usage can be inferred for <span class="name">e1</span>. Instead, the constraint refers to its
-generation event, as
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (f) and expressed by constraint <a
-href="#derivation-generation-generation-ordering">derivation-generation-generation-ordering</a>.</p>
-
-<div class='interpretation' id='derivation-generation-generation-ordering'>
-Given two entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span
-class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:steps="any"] ∪ attrs)</span>
- holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraint holds:
-the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> of the entity denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a>
-of
-the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span>.
- </div>
-
-<p>Note that event ordering is between generations of <span class="name">e1</span>
-and <span class="name">e2</span>, as opposed to precise-1 derivation,
-which implies ordering ordering between the usage of <span class="name">e1</span> and
-generation of <span class="name">e2</span>. Indeed, in the case of
-imprecise-n derivation, nothing is known about the usage of <span class="name">e1</span>,
-since there is no associated activity.</p>
-
-<p> Information flow ordering between two activities <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> also implies ordering of <a
-title="event">events</a> in the world, since some entity must have been generated by the former and used by the later, which implies that the start event of <span class="name">a1</span>
-cannot follow the end event of <span class="name">a2</span>. This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (g) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasInformedBy-ordering">wasInformedBy-ordering</a>.</p>
-
-<div class='interpretation' id='wasInformedBy-ordering'>
-Given two activities denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span
-class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span>
- holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraint holds:
-the <a title="activity start event">start event</a> of the activity denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity end event">end event</a> of
-the activity denoted by <span class="name">a2</span>.
-</div>
-
-<p>Control flow ordering between two activities <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> also implies ordering of <a
-title="event">events</a> in the world, since <span class="name">a1</span> must have been active before <span class="name">a2</span> started. This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (h) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasStartedBy-ordering">wasStartedBy-ordering</a>.</p>
-
-
-<div class='interpretation' id='wasStartedBy-ordering'>
-Given two activities denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span
-class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,a1)</span>
- holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraint holds: the
-<a title="activity start event">start</a> event of the activity denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity start event">start event</a> of
-the activity denoted by <span class="name">a2</span>.
-</div>
-
-<div class='issue'>In the following, we assume that we can talk about the end of an entity (or agent)
-For this, we use the term 'destruction' This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/204">ISSUE-204</a>.
-</div>
-
-
-<p>Further constraints appear in Figure <a href="#constraint-summary2">constraint-summary2</a> and are discussed below.</p>
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
-<figure>
-<img src="../constraints2.png" alt="further constraints between events" />
-<figcaption id="constraint-summary2">Summary of <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints (continued)</figcaption>
-</figure>
-</div>
-
-
-<p>An agent that started an activity must exist when the activity starts.
-This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary2">constraint-summary2</a> (a) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasStartedByAgent-ordering">wasStartedByAgent-ordering</a>.</p>
-
-
-<div class='interpretation' id='wasStartedByAgent-ordering'>
-Given an activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> and an agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span
-class="name">wasStartedBy(a,ag)</span>
- holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraints hold: the
-<a title="activity start event">start</a> event of the activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> <a>follows</a> the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> for agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, and
-<a>precedes</a> the destruction event of
-the same agent.
-</div>
-
-
-<p>An activity that was associated with an agent must have some overlap with the agent. The agent may be generated, or may only become associated with the activity, after its start: so, the agent is required to exist before the activity end. Likewise, the agent may be destructed, or may terminate its association with the activity, before the activity end: hence, the agent destruction is required to happen after the activity start.
-This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary2">constraint-summary2</a> (b) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasAssociatedWith-ordering">wasAssociatedWith-ordering</a>.</p>
-
-
-<div class='interpretation' id='wasAssociatedWith-ordering'>
-Given an activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> and an agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span
-class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,ag)</span>
- holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraints hold: the
-<a title="activity start event">start</a> event of the activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span>
-precedes the destruction event of
-the agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, and
- the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> for agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>
-<a>precedes</a> the activity <a title="activity end event">end</a> event.
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="issue">
-For completeness, we should define ordering constraint for wasAssociatedWith and actedOnBehalfOf.
-For wasAssociatedWith(a,ag), it feels that ag must have some overlap with a.
-For actedOnBehalfOf(ag1,ag2,a), it seem that ag2 should have existed before the overlap between ag1 and a. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/221">ISSUE-221</a>.
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="issue">
-It is suggested that a stronger name for wasAssociatedWith should be adopted.
-This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/182">ISSUE-182</a>.
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="structural-constraints">
-<h3>PROV-DM Structural Constraints</h3>
-
-<p><a href="#definitional-constraints">Section 4</a> provides definitional constraints for data model concepts.
-<a href="#account-constraints">Section 5</a> introduces constraints on descriptions occurring in accounts.
-<a href="#interpretation">Section 6</a> defines an interpretation of this data model, in terms of event ordering
-constraints.
-This section introduces further constraints on the structure of PROV-DM descriptions. Descriptions that satisfy these constraints are said to be <dfn>structurally well-formed</dfn>. A
-benefit of structurally well-formed provenance descriptions is that further inferences can be made, because descriptions are more precise, and therefore, richer. </p>
-
-<p>According to the definition of a <a>generation</a>, an entity becomes available after this entity's generation event, and does not exist before this event. From this definition,
-we conclude that PROV-DM does not allow for an entity to have two generations occurring at two different instants.
-The rationale for this constraint is as follows.
- Two distinct <a title="entity generation event">generation events</a> (by a same activity or by two distinct activities), occurring one after the other, necessarily create two distinct
-entities; otherwise, the second <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> would have resulted in an entity that existed before its creation, which contradicts the definition of
-<a>generation</a>.</p>
-
-<p>So, PROV-DM allows for two distinct <a>generations</a> <span class="name">g1</span> and <span class="name">g2</span> referencing a same entity provided they occur
-<em>simultaneously</em>.
-<!-- (This means that <span class="name">g1</span> <a>precedes</a> <span class="name">g2</span> and <span class="name">g2</span> <a>precedes</a> <span class="name">g1</span>.) -->
- In practice, for such a simultaneous generation to occur, the generation event has to be unique and caused by a <em>single world activity</em>, though provenance may contain
-several descriptions for the <em>same</em> world activity.
-</p>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-In the following assertions, a workflow execution <span class="name">a0</span> consists of two sub-workflow executions <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>.
-Sub-workflow execution <span class="name">a2</span> generates entity <span class="name">e</span>, so does <span class="name">a0</span>.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-activity(a0,,,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
-activity(a1,,,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
-activity(a2,,,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
-wasInformedBy(a2,a1)
-
-wasGeneratedBy(e,a0)
-wasGeneratedBy(e,a2)
-</pre>
-<p>So, we have two different <a title="generation">generations</a> for entity <span class="name">e</span>. Such an example is permitted in PROV-DM if the two activities denoted by <span class="name">a0</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> are a single thing happening in the world
-but described from different perspectives.</p>
-</div>
-
-<p>While this example is permitted in PROV-DM, it does not make the inter-relation between activities explicit, and it mixes descriptions expressed from different perspectives together.
-While this may acceptable in some specific applications, it becomes challenging for inter-operability. Indeed, PROV-DM does not offer any relation describing the structure of activities.
- Such descriptions are said not be structurally well-formed.</p>
-
-<p>Structurally well-formed provenance can be obtained by partitioning the generations into different accounts. This makes it clear that these generations provide alternative
-descriptions of the same real-world generation event, rather than describing two distinct generation events for the same entity. When accounts are used, the example can be encoded as follows.</p>
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-The same example is now revisited, with the following assertions that are structurally well-formed. Two accounts are introduced, and there is a single generation for entity <span
-class="name">e</span> per account.</p>
-
-<p>In a first account, entitled "summary", we find:</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
- activity(a0,t1,t2,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
- wasGeneratedBy(e,a0)
-</pre>
-<p>In a second account, entitled "detail", we find:</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
- activity(a1,t1,t3,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
- activity(a2,t3,t2,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
- wasInformedBy(a2,a1)
- wasGeneratedBy(e,a2)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<p>Structurally well-formed provenance satisfies some constraints, which force the structure of descriptions to be exposed by means of accounts. With these constraints satisfied, further
-inferences can be made about structurally well-formed descriptons.
-The uniqueness of generations in accounts is formulated as follows.
-</p>
-
-<div class='constraint' id='generation-uniqueness'>Given an entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span>, two activities denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span
-class="name">a2</span>, and two sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs1</span> and <span class="name">attrs2</span>,
-<span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id1,e,a1,attrs1)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id2,e,a2,attrs2)</span> exist in the scope of a given
-account,
-<span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">id1</span>=<span class="name">id2</span>, <span class="name">a1</span>=<span class="name">a2</span> and <span class="name">attrs1</span>=<span class="name">attrs2</span>.
-</div>
-
-
-
-<p>A further inference is permitted from the imprecise-1 derivations: </p>
-<div class='inference' id='derivation-use'>
-<p>Given an activity with identifier <span class="name">a</span>, entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, and a set of attribute-value
-pairs <span class="name">attrs2</span>,
-<span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1, [prov:steps="single"])</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,attrs2)</span> hold, <span
-class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">used(a,e1,attrs1)</span> also holds
-for some set of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs1</span>.
-</div>
-<p>This inference is justified by the fact that the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span> is generated by at most one activity in a given account
-(see <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a>). Hence, this activity is also the one referred to by the usage of <span class="name">e1</span>.
-</p>
-
-
-
-<p>We note that the converse inference, does not hold.
-From <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> and <span class="name">used(a,e1)</span>, one cannot
-derive <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,attrs2)</span> because identifier <span class="name">e1</span> may occur in usages performed by many activities, which may have not generated the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span>.</p>
-
-
-<p>
-An account is said to be structurally well-formed if
-it satisfies the constraint <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a>. If an account is structurally well-formed, it support the inference <a
-href="#derivation-use">derivation-use</a>.</p>
-
-<p> Taking the union of two accounts is another account,
-formed by the union of the descriptions they respectively contain. We note that the resulting union may or may not invalidate some constraints:
-<ul>
-<li> Two entity descriptions with a same identifier but different sets of attributes exist in each original account may invalidate <a href="#unique-description-in-account">unique-description-in-account</a> in the union, unless some form of description merging or renaming (as per <a href="#merge-with-rename">Example</a>) occurs.
-<li> Structurally well-formed
-accounts are not
-closed under union because the
-constraint <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a> may no
-longer be satisfied in the resulting union. </li>
-</ul>
-<p>How to reconcile such accounts is beyond the scope of this specification.</p>
-
-<!--
-Indeed, let us reconsider example <a href="#account-example-1">account-example-1</a>, and let us define another account record as follows.</p>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-account(ex:acc2,
- http://example.org/asserter2,
- entity(e0, [ prov:type="File", ex:path="/shared/crime.txt", ex:creator="Alice" ])
- ...
- activity(a1,t1,,[prov:type="createFile"])
- ...
- wasGeneratedBy(e0,a1,[ex:fct="create"])
- ... )
-</pre>
-<p>with identifier <span class="name">ex:acc2</span>, containing assertions by asserter by <span class="name">http://example.org/asserter2</span> stating that the entity represented by
-entity record identified by <span class="name">e0</span> was generated by an activity represented by activity record identified by <span class="name">a1</span> instead of <span
-class="name">a0</span> in the previous account <span class="name">ex:acc0</span>. If accounts <span class="name">ex:acc0</span> and <span class="name">ex:acc2</span> are merged together,
-the resulting set of records violates <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a> if the two activities <span class="name">a0</span> and <span class="name">a1</span> are
-distinct.</p>
-</div>
--->
-
-<div class="note">
-Can the semantics characterize better what can be achieved with structurally well-formed accounts?
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="note" id="note-related-to-issue-105">
-Satya discussed the example of a sculpture, whose hand and leg are sculpted independently by two different sculptors. He suggested that the sculpture is generated by two distinct activities.
-This section explains that it is not the case. The example can be formulated as follows.
-
-<p><a href="examples/sculpture.prov-asn">Sculpture example in ASN</a></p>
-
-<p><a href="examples/sculpture.png">Sculpture example image</a></p>
-
-<p>
-We see that ex:s_3 (the sculpture in its final state) was derived from ex:l_2 (containment) which was generated by ex:a2. However, ex:s_3 is not directly generated by ex:a2. We may want to
-consider an abbreviation for this: wasGeneratedBy*(ex:s_3,ex:a2).</p>
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-
-<section id="collection-constraints">
-<h3>PROV-DM Collection Constraints</h3>
-
-<div class='note'>
-Raw material taken from prov-dm3. Some further text required.
-</div>
-
-
-<div class='constraint' id='collection-parallel-insertions'>
-<p>One can have multiple assertions regarding the state of a collection following a <em>set</em> of insertions, for example:</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, k1, v1)
-CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, k2, v2)
-...
-</pre>
-<p>This is interpreted as <em>" <span class="name">c2</span> is the state that results from inserting <span class="name">(k1, v1)</span>, <span class="name">(k2, v2)</span> etc. into <span class="name">c1</span>"</em></p>
-</div>
-
-<div class='note'>
-Shouldn't we have the same for deletion, and combination of insertion and deletion?
-</div>
-
-
-<div class='constraint' id='collection-branching-derivations'>
-It is possible to have multiple derivations from a single root collection, as shown in the following example.
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
- entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection
- entity(v1)
- entity(v2)
- entity(v3)
- entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"])
- entity(c2, [prov:type="Collection"])
- entity(c3, [prov:type="Collection"])
-
- CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 = { (k1,v1) }
- CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c, k2, v2) // c2 = { (k2 v2) }
- CollectionAfterInsertion(c3, c1, k3,v3) // c3 = { (k1,v1), (k3,v3) }
-</pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<div class='constraint' id='collection-unique-ancestor'>
-Given the pair of assertions:
-<pre class="codeexample">
-CollectionAfterInsertion(c, c1, k1, v1)
-CollectionAfterInsertion(c, c2, k2, v2)
-</pre>
-it follows that <span class="name">c1==c2</span>.
-</div>
-
-<div class='note'>
-Original text stated it follows that <span class="name">c1==c2, k1==k2, v1==v2</span>, because one cannot have two different derivations for the same final collection state. This is incompatible with parallel insertion constraint.
-</div>
-
-
-<div class='note'>
-Shouldn't we have the same for deletion, and combination of insertion and deletion?
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-<div class='constraint' id='collection-unique-value-for-key'>
-Given the following set of insertions:
-<pre class="codeexample">
-CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k, v1)
-CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k, v2)
-</pre>
-it follows that <span class="name">v1==v2</span>.
-</div>
-
-
-<p>The state of a collection is only known to the extent that a chain of derivations starting from an empty collection can be found. Since a set of assertions regarding a collection's evolution may be incomplete, so is the reconstructed state obtained by querying those assertions. In general, all assertions reflect the asserter's partial knowledge of a sequence of data transformation events. In the particular case of collection evolution, in which the asserter <em>knows</em> that some of the state changes may have been missed, then the more generic <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> relation should be used to signal that some updates may have occurred, which cannot be precisely asserted as insertions or removals. The following two examples illustrate this.</p>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
- entity(c, [prov:type="collection"]) // e is a collection, possibly not empty
- entity(v1)
- entity(v2, [prov:type="collection"]) // v2 is a collection
-
- CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 <em>includes</em> { (k1,v1) } but may contain additional unknown pairs
- CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, k2, v2) // c2 includes { (k1,v1), (k2 v2) } where v2 is a collection with unknown state
-</pre>
-</div>
- In the example, the state of <span class="name">c2</span> is only partially known because the collection is constructed from partially known other collections.
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
- entity(c, [prov:type="emptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection
- entity(v1)
- entity(v2)
-
- CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 = { (k1,v1) }
- wasDerivedFrom(c2, c1) // the asserted knows that c2 is somehow derived from c1, but cannot assert the precise sequence of updates
- CollectionAfterInsertion(c3, c2, k2, v2)
-</pre>
-
-<p>Here <span class="name">c3</span> includes <span class="name">{ (k2 v2) }</span> but the earlier "gap" leaves uncertainty regarding <span class="name">(k1,v1)</span> (it may have been removed) or any other pair that may have been added as part of the derivation activities.</li></p>
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-
-<!--
-<section id="resource-section">
-<h2>Resources, URIs, Entities, Identifiers, and Scope</h2>
-
-<p>This specification introduces the notion of an identifiable entity in the world. In PROV-DM, an entity record is a representation of such an identifiable entity. An entity record
-includes an identifier identifying this entity. Identifiers are qualified names, which can be mapped to IRIs. </p>
-
-<p>The term 'resource' is used in a general sense
- for whatever might be identified by a URI [[!RFC3986]]. On the Web, a URI denotes a resource, without any expectation that the resource is accessed. </p>
-
-<p>The purpose of this section is to clarify the relationship between resource and the notions of entity and entity record. </p>
-
-<p>In the context of PROV-DM, a resource is just a thing in the world. One may take multiple perspectives on such a thing and its situation in the world, fixing some its aspects.</p>
-
-<p> We refer to the <a href="#a-report-example">example</a> of section <a href="#conceptualization">2.1</a> for a resource (at some URL) and three different perspectives, referred to as
-entities. Three different entity records can be expressed for this report, which in the PROV-ASN sample below, are expressed within a same account.
-</p>
-
-<pre>
-container
-prefix app http://example.org/app/
-prefix cr http://example.org/crime/
-
- account(acc1,
- http://example.org/asserter1,
-
- entity(app:0, [ prov:type="Document", cr:path="http://example.org/crime.txt" ])
- entity(app:1, [ prov:type="Document", cr:path="http://example.org/crime.txt", cr:version="2.1", cr:content="...", cr:date="2011-10-07" ])
- entity(app:2, [ prov:type="Document", cr:author="John" ])
- ...)
-endContainer
-</pre>
-
-<p>Each entity record contains an identifier that is unique in
-account <span class="name">acc1</span>, and therefore locally
-identifies the entity record it is contained in. In this example,
-three identifiers were minted.</p>
-
-<p>Given that the report is a resource denoted by the URI <span class="name">http://example.org/crime.txt</span>, we could simply use this URI as the identifier of an entity. This would
-avoid us minting new URIs. Hence, the report URI would play a double role: as a URI it denotes a resource accessible at that URI, and as an identifier in a PROV-DM record, it helps identify
-a specific characterization of this report. A given identifier occurring in an entity record must be unique within the scope of an account. Hence, below, all entities records have been given
-the same identifier but appear in the scope of different accounts, so as to satisfy <a href="#identifiable-term-in-account">identifiable-term-in-account</a>.</p>
-
-<pre>
-container
-prefix app http://example.org/
-prefix cr http://example.org/crime/
-
- account(acc2,
- http://example.org/asserter1,
-
- entity(app:crime.txt, [ prov:type="Document", cr:path="http://example.org/crime.txt" ])
- ...)
-
- account(acc3,
- http://example.org/asserter1,
-
- entity(app:crime.txt, [ prov:type="Document", cr:path="http://example.org/crime.txt", cr:version="2.1", cr:content="...", cr:date="2011-10-07" ])
- ...)
-
- account(acc4,
- http://example.org/asserter1,
- entity(app:crime.txt, [ prov:type="Document", cr:author="John" ])
- ...)
-endContainer
-</pre>
-
-<p>In this case, the qualified name <span class="name">app:crime.txt</span> maps to URI <span class="name">http://example.org/crime.txt</span> still denotes the same resource; however, the
-perspectives we take about that resource are expressed by multiple entity records, happening to all contain the same identifier but in different accounts. </p>
-
-<p> Alternatively, if we need to assert the existence of two different perspectives on the report within the same account, then alternate identifiers MUST be used, one of them being allowed
-to be the resource URI.</p>
-
-<pre>
-container
- prefix app http://example.org/
- prefix app2 http://example.org/app/
- prefix cr http://example.org/crime/
-
- account(acc5,
- http://example.org/asserter1,
-
- entity(app:crime.txt, [ prov:type="Document", cr:path="http://example.org/crime.txt" ])
- entity(app2:1, [ prov:type="Document", cr:path="http://example.org/crime.txt", cr:version="2.1", cr:content="...", cr:date="2011-10-07" ])
-
- ...)
-endContainer
-
-</pre>
-
-
-</section>
-
--->
-
-<!--
-<li>For use, generation, and derivation event, the first argument is the 'effect' (i.e. most recent item) and the second argument is the 'cause' (i.e. least recent item). This order is
-compatible with the temporal layout of the graphical notation.
--->
-
-<section id="refining-provenance-descriptions">
-<h3>Refining Provenance Descriptions</h3>
-
-<div class='note'>Purely tentative</div>
-
-<p>In this section, we successively review refined provenance descriptions, and examine their meaning, in light of the constraints introduced in this specification. </p>
-
-
-<ol>
-<li>First, let us consider a small set of three descriptions, including an entity, an agent, and an attribution relation.
-<pre>
-entity(tr:prov-dm)
-agent(w3:Consortium)
-wasAttributedTo(tr:prov-dm,w3:Consortium)
-</pre>
-<p>The entity denoted by <span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span> does not contain any attribute besides its identifier. Without any further detail, this entity is simply the resource denoted by <span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span>, whatever its state over time. This resource has multiple versions including <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> and <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</span>.
-Likewise, the second line simply is a description for a resource denoted by <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>, nothing less, nothing more.</p>
-<p>The third description should be interpreted as: whatever changes entity <span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span> may have gone through, it is always attributed to the <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span> agent.</p>
-</li>
-
-
-<li>Second, the descriptions are bundled up as an account with name <span class="name">ex:acc1</span>:
-<pre>
-entity(tr:prov-dm)
-agent(ex:Simon)
-wasAttributedTo(tr:prov-dm,ex:Simon)
-</pre>
-and provenance details are available for <span class="name">ex:acc1</span>, namely the generation time for the provenance.
-<pre>
-entity(ex:acc1, [prov:type="AccountEntity"])
-wasGeneratedBy(ex:acc1,,2011-12-15T12:00:00)
-</pre>
-<div class='note'>
-What is the meaning here? Is it any different? Are stating anything about newer version of tr:prov-dm that occur after 2011-12-15T12:00:00?
-</div>
-
-<li> A generation event for <span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span> is provided.
-<pre>
-entity(tr:prov-dm)
-agent(ex:Simon)
-wasGeneratedBy(tr:prov-dm,,2011-12-15T12:00:00)
-wasAttributedTo(tr:prov-dm,ex:Simon)
-</pre>
-<div class='note'>
-What is the meaning here? that only the version that was created by this event is attributed to ex:Simon, but not previous ones. This means that it is not specfied whether he was an author in anterior versions.
-</div>
-
-</li>
-
-
-<li> A destruction event for <span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span> is provided.
-<pre>
-entity(tr:prov-dm)
-agent(ex:Simon)
-wasGeneratedBy(tr:prov-dm,,2011-12-15T12:00:00)
-wasDestroyedBy(tr:prov-dm,,2012-02-02T12:00:00)
-wasAttributedTo(tr:prov-dm,ex:Simon)
-</pre>
-<div class='note'>
-Speculative, since we have not defined the destruction event (yet?.
-What is the meaning here? that only the versions that existed during this characterization interval were attributed to ex:Simon.
-</div>
-</li>
-
-</ol>
-
-</section>
-
-<!--
-<section>
-<h3>Stuff to Keep, Maybe?</h3>
-
-
-
-
-<li id='attribute-occurrence-in-entity-record'>The attributes
-occurring in an entity record MUST be declared in the namespace
-referred to by their prefix according to
-<a href="#term-attribute">Section term-attribute</a>. Furthermore,
-for each attribute, a namespace also declares the number of
-occurrences it may have in a list of attributes. An entity record is
-valid if the number of occurrences of any of its attributes is
-compatible with this attribute's declaration it its namespace. This
-property applies to all types of records, and is referred to
-as <a>attribute occurrence validity</a>.</li>
-
-
-</section>
--->
-
-<section class="appendix">
- <h2>Acknowledgements</h2>
- <p>
- WG membership to be listed here.
- </p>
- </section>
-
- </body></html>
--- a/model/working-copy/prov-glossary.html Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,233 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-
-<html><head>
- <title>The Provenance Glossary</title>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
- <!--
- === NOTA BENE ===
- For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
- out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
- -->
-<!-- PM -->
- <style type="text/css">
- .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
- </style>
-
- <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
- <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
- <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" class="remove"></script>
- <script src="glossary.js" class="remove"></script>
- <script class="remove">
- function updateGlossaryRefs() {
- $('.glossary-ref').each(function(index) {
- var ref=$(this).attr('ref');
- var span=$(this).attr('withspan')
- // look up directly in the_glossary
- //$(this).html(the_glossary[ref]);
- // if glossary is in a string:
- $('#'+ref+'.glossary').contents().clone().appendTo($(this));
- $(this).attr('prov:hadOriginalSource',glossary_hg);
- if (span) {
- $(this).children('dfn').replaceWith(function(){return $('<span>').addClass('dfn').append($(this).contents())});
- }
- });
- }
- $(document).ready(function(){
- // if glossary is in a string:
- $('#glossary_div').html(glossary_string)
- updateGlossaryRefs();
- });
-
- </script>
- <script class="remove">
- var addExtraReferences = function() {
- for (var k in extraReferences)
- berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
- };
- var extraReferences = {
- "CLOCK":
- "Lamport, L. "+
- "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
- "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
- "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
- "CSP":
- "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
- "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
- "Logic":
- "W. E. Johnson"+
- "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
- "1924. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
- "PROV-SEM":
- "James Cheney "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Work in progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
-
- "PROV-PRIMER":
- "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
-
- "PROV-O":
- "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-DM":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\"><cite>PROV-DM Constraints</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a>",
-
- "PROV-ASN":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\"><cite>PROV-ASN ....</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/</a>",
-
- "PROV-AQ":
- "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
- };
- var respecConfig = {
- // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
- specStatus: "ED",
-
- // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
- shortName: "prov-glossary",
-
- // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
- // formal title, define it here
- //subtitle : "Some speculative write-ups, for discussion before integration in the data model",
-
- // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
- // publishDate: "2011-10-18",
-
- // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
- // the start date here:
- // copyrightStart: "2005"
-
- // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
- // and its maturity status
- //previousPublishDate: "2011-12-15",
- //previousMaturity: "WD",
-
- // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
- edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/working-copy/prov-glossary.html",
-
- // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
- // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
-
- // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
- // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
- extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "./extra.css"],
-
- // editors, add as many as you like
- // only "name" is required
- editors: [
- { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
- company: "University of Southampton" },
- { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
- company: "Newcastle University" },
- ],
-
- // authors, add as many as you like.
- // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
- // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
-
-
- // name of the WG
- wg: "Provenance Working Group",
-
- // URI of the public WG page
- wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
-
- // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
- wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
-
- // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
- // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
- // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
- // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
- // Team Contact.
- wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
-
- // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
- preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
- };
- </script>
- </head>
- <body xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o/">
-
- <section id="abstract">
-<p>
-<b>Editors' working copy can change at any time. </b>
-</p>
- </section>
-
-<section id="sotd">
-<b>Editors' working copy can change at any time. </b>
-</section>
-
-
-
-<section id="glossary" >
-<h2>Glossary</h2>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-accountEntity"></div><p></p>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-activity"></div><p></p>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-activity" withSpan="true"></div><p></p
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-activityAssociation"></div><p></p>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-agent"></div><p></p>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-collection"></div><p></p>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-derivation"></div><p></p>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-entity"></div><p></p>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-generation"></div><p></p>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-plan"></div><p></p>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-provenance"></div><p></p>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-responsibilityChain"></div><p></p>
-
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-usage"></div><p></p>
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<div id="glossary_div" class="remove">
-<!-- glossary loaded from gloassary.js will be hooked up here,
- class remove, will remove this element from the final output.
--->
-</div>
-
-</body></html>
Binary file model/working-copy/sec6-summary.png has changed
--- a/model/working-copy/towards-wd4.html Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,2249 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-
-<html><head>
- <title>PROV-DM Part 1: The Provenance Data Model</title>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
- <!--
- === NOTA BENE ===
- For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
- out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
- -->
-<!-- PM -->
- <style type="text/css">
- .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
- </style>
-
- <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
- <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
- <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" class="remove"></script>
-
- <script src="glossary.js" class="remove"></script>
-
- <script class="remove">
- function updateGlossaryRefs() {
- $('.glossary-ref').each(function(index) {
- var ref=$(this).attr('ref');
- var span=$(this).attr('withspan')
- $('#'+ref+'.glossary').contents().clone().appendTo($(this));
- $(this).attr('prov:hadOriginalSource',glossary_hg);
- if (span) {
- $(this).children('dfn').replaceWith(function(){return $('<span>').addClass('dfn').append($(this).contents())});
- }
- });
- }
- $(document).ready(function(){
- // if glossary is in a string:
- $('#glossary_div').html(glossary_string)
- updateGlossaryRefs();
- });
-
- </script>
-
- <script class="remove">
- var addExtraReferences = function() {
- for (var k in extraReferences)
- berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
- };
- var extraReferences = {
- "CLOCK":
- "Lamport, L. "+
- "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
- "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
- "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
- "CSP":
- "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
- "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
- "Logic":
- "W. E. Johnson"+
- "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
- "1924. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
- "PROV-SEM":
- "James Cheney "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Work in progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
-
- "PROV-PRIMER":
- "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
-
- "PROV-O":
- "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-DM":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\"><cite>PROV-DM Constraints</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a>",
-
- "PROV-ASN":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\"><cite>PROV-ASN ....</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/</a>",
-
- "PROV-AQ":
- "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
- };
- var respecConfig = {
- // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
- specStatus: "ED",
-
- // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
- shortName: "prov-dm",
-
- // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
- // formal title, define it here
- //subtitle : "Some speculative write-ups, for discussion before integration in the data model",
-
- // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
- // publishDate: "2011-10-18",
-
- // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
- // the start date here:
- // copyrightStart: "2005"
-
- // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
- // and its maturity status
- //previousPublishDate: "2011-12-15",
- //previousMaturity: "WD",
-
- // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
- edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/working-copy/towards-wd4.html",
-
- // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
- // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
-
- // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
- // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
- extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "./extra.css"],
-
- // editors, add as many as you like
- // only "name" is required
- editors: [
- { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
- company: "University of Southampton" },
- { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
- company: "Newcastle University" },
- ],
-
- // authors, add as many as you like.
- // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
- // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
-
-
- // name of the WG
- wg: "Provenance Working Group",
-
- // URI of the public WG page
- wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
-
- // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
- wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
-
- // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
- // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
- // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
- // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
- // Team Contact.
- wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
-
- // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
- preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
- };
- </script>
- </head>
- <body>
-
- <section id="abstract">
-<p>
-<b>Editors' working copy can change at any time. </b>
-</p>
- </section>
-
-<section id="sotd">
-<b>Editors' working copy can change at any time. </b>
-</section>
-
-
-<div class="buttonpanel">
-<form action="#"><p>
-<input id="hide-asn" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','withAsn','none');set_display_by_class('span','withAsn','none'); set_display_by_id('hide-asn','none'); set_display_by_id('show-asn','');" type="button"
-value="Hide ASN" />
-<input id="show-asn" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','withAsn',''); set_display_by_class('span','withAsn',''); set_display_by_id('hide-asn',''); set_display_by_id('show-asn','none');" style="display: none"
-type="button" value="Show ASN" />
-</p>
-</form>
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-<div class='note' id='changes'>
-<p> Following F2F2 guidance, in this document we try to:
-<ul>
-<li> pitch from the start the idea of an upgrade path, from 'scruffy provenance' (term TBD), to 'precise provenance' (term TBD)
-<li> formulate concepts without referring to things, just in term of entities, the intent is that the semantics only refers to things
-<li> introduce concepts minimally, just to be able to express 'scruffy provenance'
-<li> present the data model
-<li>present the upgrade path
-<li>contemplating the organization of the deliverable in two/three separate documents.</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<div class='note' id='editorial-notes'>
-<ul>
-<li> Term 'record' dropped: we no longer refer to 'entity record', 'activity record', etc but simply to 'entity', 'activity', etc
-<li> Aiming to drop the word 'assertion'. This is work in progress.
-<li> Aiming to drop the word 'characterization'.
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-
- <section id="introduction">
- <h2>Introduction<br>
-</h2>
-
-<p>
-For the purpose of this specification, <dfn>provenance</dfn> is defined as a record that describes the people,
-institutions, entities, and activities, involved in producing,
-influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a thing in the world.
-In particular, the provenance of information is crucial in deciding
-whether information is to be trusted, how it should be integrated with
-other diverse information sources, and how to give credit to its
-originators when reusing it. In an open and inclusive environment
-such as the Web, where users find information that is often contradictory or
-questionable, provenance can help those users to make trust judgements.
-</p>
-
-
-<p>
-The idea that a single way of representing and collecting provenance could be adopted internally by all systems does not seem to be realistic today. Instead, a pragmatic approach is to
-consider a core data model for provenance that allows domain and application specific representations of provenance to be translated into such a data model and exchanged between systems.
-Heterogeneous systems can then export their provenance into such a core data model, and applications that need to make sense of provenance in heterogeneous systems can then import it,
-process it, and reason over it.</p>
-
-<p>Thus, the vision is that different provenance-aware systems natively adopt their own model for representing their provenance, but a core provenance data model can be readily adopted as a
-provenance <em>interchange</em> model across such systems.</p>
-
-<p>A set of specifications, referred to as the PROV family of specifications, define the various aspects
-that are necessary to achieve this vision in an interoperable
-way:</p>
-<ul>
-<li>A data model for provenance, which is presented in three documents:
-<ul>
-<li> PROV-DM (part I): the provenance data model itself, expressed in natural language (this document);
-<li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS (part II): constraints underpinning the data model [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]];
-<li> PROV-ASN (part III): a notation to express instances of that data model for human consumption [[PROV-ASN]];
-</ul>
-</li>
-
-<li>PROV-O: a normative serialization of PROV-DM in RDF [[!PROV-O]], specified by means of a mapping to the OWL2 Web Ontology Language [[!OWL2-SYNTAX]];</li>
-<li>PROV-AQ: the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [[PROV-AQ]];</li>
-<li>PROV-PRIMER: a primer for the PROV approach [[PROV-PRIMER]];</li>
-<li>PROV-SEM: semantics of the PROV-DM data model [[PROV-SEM]];</li>
-</ul>
-
-
-<p>
-The PROV-DM data model for provenance consists of a set of core
-concepts, and a few common relations, based on these core concepts. PROV-DM is a domain-agnostic model, but with clear extensibility points allowing further domain-specific and
-application-specific extensions to be defined.</p>
-
-<p>This specification intentionally presents the key concepts of the PROV Data Model, without drilling down into all its subtleties. Using these key concepts, it becomes possible to write useful provenance assertions very quickly, and publish or embed them along side the data they relate to. </p>
-
-<p>However, it becomes challenging for provenance, like for any other form of metadata, when the data it is about changes. To address this challenge, an <em>upgrade path</em> is proposed to enrich simple provenance, with extra-descriptions that help qualify the subject of provenance and provenance itself, with attributes and interval, intended to satisfy a comprehensive set of constraints. These aspects are covered in the companion specification [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]].
-</p>
-
-
- <section id="structure-of-this-document">
-<h3>Structure of this Document</h3>
-
-<p><a href="#prov-dm-overview">Section 2</a> provides an overview of PROV-DM listing its core types and their relations.</p>
-
-<p>In <a href="#prov-dm-example">section 3</a>, PROV-DM is
-applied to a short scenario, encoded in PROV-ASN, and illustrated
-graphically.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#data-model-concepts">Section 4</a> provides the definition of PROV-DM.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#common-relations">Section 5</a> introduces further relations offered by PROV-DM, including relations for data collections and domain-independent common relations.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#extensibility-section">Section 6</a> summarizes PROV-DM extensibility points.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#FurtherConsiderations">Section 7</a> introduces constraints that can be applied to the PROV data model
-and that are covered in [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]].</p>
-
-
- </section>
-
-<section id="prov-dm-namespace">
- <h3>PROV-DM Namespace</h3>
-
-
-<p>The PROV-DM namespace is <span class="name">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-dm/</span> (TBC).</p>
-
-<p> All the elements, relations, reserved names and attributes introduced in this specification belong to the PROV-DM namespace.</p>
-
-<div class="issue">
-There is a desire to use a single namespace that all specifications of the PROV family can share to refer to common provenance terms. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/224">ISSUE-224</a>.
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-
- <section id="conventions">
-<h3>Conventions</h3>
-
-
-
-<p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
- NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
- "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
- [[!RFC2119]].</p>
- </section>
-
-</section>
-
-
-
- <section id='conceptualization'>
-<h1>Overview</h1>
-
-This section provides an overview of the main elements and relations of the PROV data model.
-
-
-
- <section id='section-entity-activity-agent'>
-<h2>Entity, Activity, Agent</h2>
-
-
-<p>PROV-DM is a data model for describing the provenance of <em>Entities</em>, that is, of things in the world. The term "Things" encompasses a broad diversity of concepts, including digital objects such as a file or web page,
-physical things such as a building or a printed book, or a car as well as abstract concepts and ideas. One can regard any Web resource as an example of Entity in this context. </p>
-
-<p>
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-entity">
-</div>
-</p>
-
-
-<div class="anexample" id="entity-example">
-<p>An entity may be the document at URI <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>, a file in a file system, a car or an idea.</p>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<p>
-<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-activity"></span> Activities that operate on digital entities may for example move, copy, or duplicate them.
-</p>
-
-
-
-<div class="anexample" id="activity-example">
-<p>An activity may be the publishing of a document on the web, sending a twitter message, extracting metadata embedded in a file, or driving a car from Boston to Cambridge, assembling a data set based on a set of measurements, performing a statistical analysis over a data set, sorting news items according to some criteria, running a SPARQL query over a triple store, and editing a file.</p>
-</div>
-
-
-<p>
-<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-agent">
-</span>
-</p>
-
-
-<p>The key purpose of agents is to assign responsibility
- for activities.
-The definition of agent intentionally stays away from using concepts such as enabling, causing, initiating, affecting, etc, because many entities also enable, cause, initiate, and affect in some way
-the activities. So the notion of having some degree of responsibility is really what makes an agent.</p>
-
-
-<p>An agent is a particular type of Entity. This means that the model can be
- used to express provenance of the agents themselves. </p>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="agent-example">
-<p>
-Software for checking the use of grammar in a document may be defined as an agent of a document preparation activity, and at the same time one can describe its provenance, including for instance the vendor and the version history.</p>
-</div>
-</section>
-
-
-
- <section id="section-generation-usage-derivation">
-<h2>Generation, Usage, Derivation</h2>
-
-<p>Activities and entities are associated with each other in two different ways: activities are consumers of entities and activities are producers of entities. For the purpose of provenance, we define the following notions of generation and usage. </p>
-
-<p>
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-generation">
-</div>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-usage">
-</div>
-</p>
-
-
-
-<p><div class="anexample" id="generation-example">
-Examples of generation are the completed creation of a file by a
-program, the completed creation of a linked data set, and the completed
-publication of a new version of a document.
-</div>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<div class="anexample" id="usage-example">
-Usage examples include a procedure beginning to consume an argument, a service starting to read a value on a port, a program beginning to read a configuration
-file, or the point at which an ingredient, such as eggs, is being added in a baking activity. Usage may entirely consume an entity (e.g. eggs are no longer available after being added to
-the mix); alternatively, a same entity may be used multiple times, possibly by different activities (e.g. a file on a file system can be read indefinitely).
-</div></p>
-
-
-<p>Activities are consumers of entities and producers of entities. In some case, the consumption of an entity influences the creation of another in some way. This notion is captured by derivations, defined as follows.</p>
-
-<p>
-<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-derivation">
-</p>
-
-
-<div class="anexample" id="derivation-example">
-<p>Examples of derivation include the transformation of a relational table into a
-linked data set, the transformation of a canvas into a painting, the transportation of a work of art from London to New York, and a physical transformation such as the melting of ice into water.</p>
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
- <section id="section-types-entities-agents">
-<h2>Types of Entities and Agents</h2>
-
-<p>There are some useful types of entities and agents that are commonly encountered in applications making data and documents available on the Web; we introduce them in this section. </p>
-
-<p>
-<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-plan">
-</span>
-PROV-DM is not
-prescriptive about the nature of plans, their representation, the
-actions or steps they consist of, or their intended goals. Since plans may evolve over time,
-it may become necessary to track their provenance, so plans themselves are
-entities.</p>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="plan-example">
-<p>
-A plan can be a blog post tutorial for how to set up a web server, a list of instructions for a micro-processor execution, a cook's written recipe for a chocolate cake, or a workflow for a scientific experiment.
-</p>
-</div>
-
-<p>
-<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-collection"></span> This concept allows for the provenance of the collection, but also of its constituents to be expressed. Such a notion of collection corresponds to a wide variety of concrete data structures, such as a <em>maps</em>, <em>dictionaries</em> or <em>associative arrays</em>.</p>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="collection-example">
-<p>
-An example of collection is an archive of documents. Each document has its own provenance, but the archive itself also has some provenance: who maintained it, which documents it contained at which point in time, how it was assembled, etc.
-</div>
-
-
-<!-- alternative names: provenance record, bundle -->
-<p>An <dfn title="concept-accountEntity">AccountEntity</dfn> is an entity that contains a bundle of provenance assertions. </p>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="account-example">
-<p>
-Having found a resource, a user may want to retrieve its
-provenance. For users to decide whether they can place their trust in
-that resource, they may want to analyze its provenance, but also determine
-who the provenance is attributed to, and when it was
-generated. Hence, from the PROV-DM data model, the provenance is
-regarded as an entity, an AccountEntity, for which provenance can be
-sought.
-</p>
-</div>
-
-
-<p>Three types of agents are recognized by PROV-DM because they are commonly encountered in applications making data and documents available on the Web: persons, software agents, and organizations.</p>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="software-agents-example">
-<p> Even software agents can be assigned some responsibility for the effects they have in the world, so for example if one is using a Text Editor and one's laptop crashes, then one would say
-that the Text Editor was responsible for crashing the laptop. If one invokes a service to buy a book, that service can be considered responsible for drawing funds from one's bank to make
-the purchase (the company that runs the service and the web site would also be responsible, but the point here is that we assign some measure of responsibility to software as well). </p>
-</div>
-<p>So when
-someone models software as an agent for an activity in the PROV-DM model, they mean the agent has some responsibility for that activity.</p>
-</section>
-
- <section id="section-responsibility">
-<h2>Activity Association and Responsibility Chain</h2>
-
-
-
-
-
-<p>It is important to reflect that there is a degree in the
-responsibility of agents, and that is a major reason for
-distinguishing among all the agents that have some association with an
-activity and determine which ones are really the originators of the
-entity. For example, a programmer and a researcher could both be
-associated with running a workflow, but it may not matter which
-programmer clicked the button to start the workflow while it would
-matter a lot which researcher told the programmer to do so. So there
-is some notion of responsibility that needs to be captured. </p>
-
-<!-- <div class="note"> to be revisited for WD5. Paolo's proposed text: "Agents are defined in sec. 2.1 as having some kind of responsibility for activities. However, one may want to be more specific regarding the degrees of an agent's responsibility. For example, ..."</div>
--->
-
-
-<p>Provenance reflects activities that have occurred. In some
-cases, those activities reflect the execution of a plan that was
-designed in advance to guide the execution. PROV-DM allows attaching
-a plan to an activity, which represents what was intended to
-happen. Representing the plan explicitly in the provenance can be useful for various tasks: for example, to
-validate the execution as represented in the provenance record, to
-manage expectation failures, or to provide explanations.</p>
-
-<!-- <div class="note">Proposal: remove the above para as it repeats from 2.3. Proposed text: "the <em>activity association</em> relation provides a way to indicate that an agent is responsible for an activity, possibly with an associated plan."[PM]</div> -->
-
-
-<p>
-<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-activityAssociation"></span>
-</p>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="association-example">
-<p>Examples of association between an activity and agent are:
-<ul>
-<li>creation of a web page under the guidance of a designer;</li>
-<li>various forms of participation in a panel discussion, including audience member, panelist, or panel chair;</li>
-<li>a public event, sponsored by a company, and hosted by a museum;</li>
-<li>an XSLT transform initiated by a user;</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-<p>
-<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-responsibilityChain">
-</span> The nature of this relation is intended to be broad, including delegation or a contractual relation. </p>
-
-<!--<div class="note">Propose to rephrase as follows: <br/>
-A relation between two agents, denoted <dfn title="concept-responsibilityChain">actedOnBehalfOf</dfn> indicates that
- that a "subordinate" agent acted on behalf of a "responsible" agent, in the context of an activity. The nature of this relation is intended to be broad, including delegation or a contractual relation.
- When this relation is used transitively, i.e., one agent acts on behalf of another, who also acts on behalf of another, etc., these relations form a <dfn title="concept-responsibilityChain">responsibility chain</dfn>.
-</div>-->
-
-
-
-
-
-<div class="anexample" id="responsibilityChain-example">
-<p>A student publishing a web page describing an academic
-department could result in both the student and the department being
-agents associated with the activity, and it may not matter which
-student published a web page but it matters a lot that the department
-told the student to put up the web page.
-</p>
-</div>
-</section>
-
-
- <section id="section-UML">
-<h2>Overview Diagram</h2>
-
-<p> The following diagram summarizes the elements and relations just described</p>
-
-<div class="note">
- TODO: short text required to explain the overview diagram
-</div>
-
-
-<div style="text-align: center; ">
- <figure>
-
- <img src="OverviewDiagram.svg" alt="PROV-DM overview" style="max-width: 70%; " />
-
-<figcaption>PROV-DM overview</figcaption>
- </figure>
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-</section>
-<!-- </section> -->
-
-<section id="prov-dm-example">
-<h2>Example</h2>
-
-
-<p>In this example, we consider the second version of the PROV-DM document
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215</a>. Its provenance can be expressed from several perspectives, which we present. In the first one, provenance is concerned with the W3C process, whereas in the second one, it takes the authors' viewpoint. </p>
-
-
-<section id="section-example-a">
-<h3>The Process View</h3>
-
-
-
-
-<p>
-
-In this section, we show the kind of provenance record that the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium">WWW Consortium</a> could keep for auditors to check that due processes are followed. All entities involved in this example are Web resources, with well defined URIs (some of which locating archived email messages, available to W3C Members).</p>
-
-<ul>
-<li> Two versions of the technical report are involved: <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> (second working draft) and <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span> (first working draft);</li>
-<li> Both <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> and <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span> were published by the WWW Consortium agent (<span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium">w3:Consortium</a></span>); </li>
-<li> The publication activity for <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> is <span class="name">ex:pub2</span>;</li>
-<li> The publication activity for <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span> is <span class="name">ex:pub1</span>;
-</li>
-
-<li> The report <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> is derived from <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span>;</li>
-
-<li> The publication activity <span class="name">ex:pub1</span> used a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq">publication request</a> (<span class="name"><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/2011Oct/0141">ar2:0141</a></span>) and a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#transreq">transition request</a> (<span class="name"><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/chairs/2011OctDec/0004">ar1:0004</a></span>);</li>
-<li> The publication activity <span class="name">ex:pub1</span> used a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq">publication request</a> (<span class="name"><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/2011Dec/0111">ar3:0111</a></span>);</li>
-<li> Technical reports were published according to the process rules (<span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#rec-advance">pr:rec-advance</a></span>), a plan in PROV-DM terminology.</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>
-We now paraphrase some PROV-DM assertions, and illustrate them with the PROV-ASN notation, a notation for PROV-DM aimed at human consumption. Full details of the provenance record can be found <a href="examples/w3c-publication1.prov-asn">here</a>.
-
-<ul>
-<li>There is a technical report, a working draft on the recommendation track (<a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#RecsWD">pr:RecsWD</a>), which is regarded as an entity so that we can describe its provenance. Similar descriptions exist for all entities.
-<pre>
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
-</pre>
-</li>
-<li>There is a publication activity.
-<pre>
-activity(ex:pub2,,,[prov:type="publish"])
-</pre>
-</li>
-
-<li>The technical report was generated by the publication activity: this is a <a title="concept-Generation">Generation</a>.
-<pre>
-wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:pub2)
-</pre>
-</li>
-
-
-<li>The second draft of the technical report was derived from the first draft of the technical report: this is a <a title="concept-Derivation">Derivation</a>.
-<pre>
-wasDerivedFrom(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018)
-</pre>
-</li>
-
-<li>The activity required a publication request: this is a <a title="concept-Usage">Usage</a>.
-<pre>
-used(ex:pub2,ar3:0111)
-</pre>
-</li>
-
-<li>The activity was associated with the Consortium agent, and proceeded according to its publication policy: this is an <a title="concept-activityAssociation">Activity Association</a>.
-<pre>
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:pub2, w3:Consortium @ pr:rec-advance)
-</pre>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>
-Provenance descriptions can be <em>illustrated</em> graphically. The illustration is not intended to represent all the details of the model, but it is intended to show the essence of a set of
-provenance statements. Therefore, it should not be seen as an alternate notation for expressing provenance.</p>
-
-<p>The graphical illustration takes the form of a graph. Entities, activities and agents are represented as nodes, with oval, rectangular, and octagonal shapes, respectively. Usage,
-Generation, Derivation, and Activity Association are represented as directed edges.</p>
-
-<p>Entities are laid out according to the ordering of their generation event. We endeavor to show time progressing from top to bottom. This means that edges for Usage, Generation and
-Derivation typically point upwards.</p>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
- <figure>
- <img src="examples/w3c-publication1.png" alt="Provenance of a Tech Report" style="max-width: 70%; "/>
-<figcaption>Provenance of a Tech Report</figcaption>
- </figure>
-</div>
-
-<div class='note'>
-Illustration to be hand crafted instead of being generated automatically. It's important to adopt a common style for all illustrations across all PROV documents.
-</div>
-
-
-<p> This simple example has shown a variety of PROV-DM constructs, such as Entity, Agent, Activity, Usage, Generation, Derivation, and ActivityAssociation. In this example, it happens that all entities were already Web resources, with readily available URIs, which we used. We note that some of the resources are public, whereas others have restricted access: provenance statements only make use of their identifiers. If identifiers do not pre-exist, e.g. for activities, then they can be minted, for instance <span class="name">ex:pub2</span>, occurring in the namespace identified by prefix <span class="name">ex</span>. We note that the URI scheme developed by W3C is particularly suited for expressing provenance of these reports, since each URI denotes a specific version of a report. It then becomes very easy to relate the various versions, with PROV-DM constructs. </p>
-
-
-</section>
-<section id="section-example-b">
-<h3>The Authors View</h3>
-
-<p>In this section, we consider another perspective on technical report
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215</a>. Here, provenance is concerned with the document editing activity, as perceived by authors. This kind of information could be used by authors in their CV or in a narrative about this document. </p>
-
-<ul>
-<li> The same technical report is involved: <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span>;</li>
-<li> An editing activity for <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> is <span class="name">ex:edit1</span>;</li>
-<li> The report <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> is generated by activity <span class="name">ex:edit1</span>;</li>
-<li> Several persons are associated with activity <span class="name">ex:edit1</span>, some in an editorial role, some in a contributor's role.</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>Again, we paraphrase some PROV-DM assertions, and illustrate them with the PROV-ASN notation.
-Full details of the provenance record can be found <a href="examples/w3c-publication3.prov-asn">here</a>.</p>
-
-<ul>
-<li>There is a technical report, which from the author's perspective is a document in its second version.
-<pre>
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
-</pre>
-<p>While this description is about the same report <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span>, its details differ from the author's perspective: it is a document and it has a version number. </p></li>
-
-<li>There is an editing activity.
-<pre>
-activity(ex:edit1,,,[prov:type="edit"])
-</pre>
-</li>
-
-<li>The technical report was generated by the editing activity: this is a <a title="concept-generation">Generation</a>.
-<pre>
-wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1)
-</pre>
-</li>
-
-
-<li>There are some agents.
-<pre>
-agent(ex:Paolo, [ prov:type="Human" ])
-agent(ex:Simon, [ prov:type="Human" ])
-</pre>
-</li>
-
-<li>Agents were assigned various responsibilities in the editing activity: contributor and editor.
-<pre>
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Paolo, [prov:role="editor"])
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Simon, [prov:role="contributor"])
-</pre>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
- <figure>
- <img src="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/images/c/cd/W3c-publication3.png" alt="Provenance of a Tech Report (b)" style="max-width: 98%; "/>
-<figcaption id="prov-tech-report">Provenance of a Tech Report (b)</figcaption>
- </figure>
-</div>
-</section>
-
-<section id="section-example-c">
-<h3>Attribution of Provenance</h3>
-
-<p>The two previous sections provide two different perspectives on the provenance of a technical report. By design, the PROV approach allows for the provenance of a subject to be provided by multiple sources. For users to decide whether they can place their trust in the technical report, they may want to analyze its provenance, but also determine
-who the provenance is attributed to, and when it was
-generated, etc. In other words, we need to be able to express the provenance of provenance.</p>
-
-<p>No new mechanism is required to support this requirement. PROV-DM makes the assumption that provenance statements have been bundled up, and named, by some mechanism outside the scope of PROV-DM. For instance, in this case, provenance statements were put in a file and exposed on the Web, respectively at <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/working-copy/examples/w3c-publication1.prov-asn">ex:prov1</a> and <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/working-copy/examples/w3c-publication3.prov-asn">ex:prov3</a>. To express their respective provenance, these resources must be seen as entities, and all the constructs of PROV-DM are now available to characterize their provenance. In the example below, <span class="name">ex:prov1</span> is attributed to the agent <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>, whereas <span class="name">ex:prov3</span> to <span class="name">ex:Simon</span>.
-
-<pre>
-entity(ex:prov1, [prov:type="prov:AccountEntity" %% xsd:QName ])
-wasAttributedTo(ex1:prov1,w3:Consortium)
-
-entity(ex:prov3, [prov:type="prov:AccountEntity" %% xsd:QName ])
-wasAttributedTo(ex1:prov3,ex:Simon)
-</pre>
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="data-model-concepts">
-
-<h2>PROV-DM Core</h2>
-
-<p>In this section, we revisit each concept introduction in <a href='#conceptualization'>Section 2</a>, and provide its detailed definition in the PROV data model, in terms of its various constituents. </p>
-
-<p>In PROV-DM, we distinguish elements from relations, which are respectively discussed in
-<a href='#term-element'>Section 4.1</a> and <a href='#term-relation'>Section 4.2</a>.</p>
-
-<section id="term-element">
-<h3>Element</h3>
-
-
- <section id="term-Entty">
-
-<h4>Entity</h4>
-
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-entity" withspan='true'></div>
-
-
-<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-entity">An entity<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">entity(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-ASN, </span> contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><em>id</em>: an identifier identifying an entity; </li>
-<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs representing this entity's situation in the world.</li>
-</ul></div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-The following expression</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
-</pre>
-states the existence of an entity, denoted by identifier <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>, with type <span class="name">document</span> and version number <span class="name">2</span>. The attributes <span class="name">ex:version</span> is application specific, whereas the attribute <span
-class="name">type</span> is reserved in the PROV-DM namespace.
-<!--The following expression</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
-entity(e0, [ prov:type="File", ex:path="/shared/crime.txt", ex:creator="Alice" ])
-</pre>
-states the existence of an entity, denoted by identifier <span class="name">e0</span>, with type <span class="name">File</span> and path <span class="name">/shared/crime.txt</span> in the
-file system, and creator alice. The attributes <span class="name">path</span> and <span class="name">creator</span> are application specific, whereas the attribute <span
-class="name">type</span> is reserved in the PROV-DM namespace.-->
-</div>
-
-<p>Further considerations:</p>
-<ul>
-<li>The sets of Activities and Entities are disjoint, as explained below.</li>
-</ul>
-
-
-<div class='issue'>The characterization interval of an entity is currently implicit. Making it explicit would allow us to define wasComplementOf more precisely.
-Beginning and end of characterization interval could be expressed by attributes (similarly to activities).
-How do we define the end of an entity? This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/204">ISSUE-204</a>.
-</div>
-
-
- <div class="issue">
-There is still some confusion about what the identifiers really denote. For instance, are they entity identifiers or entity record identifiers. This is <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/183">ISSUE-183</a>.
-An example and questions appear in <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/215">ISSUE-215</a>. A related issued is also raised in <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/145">ISSUE-145</a>.
-</div>
-
-
- </section>
-
- <section id="term-Activity">
-
-<h3>Activity</h3>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-activity" withspan='true'></div>
-
-<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-activity"> An activity<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">activity(id, st, et, [ attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><em>id</em>: an identifier identifying an activity;</li>
-<li><em>startTime</em>: an OPTIONAL time for the start of the activity;</li>
-<li><em>endTime</em>: an OPTIONAL time for the end of the activity;</li>
-<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs for this activity.</li>
-</ul></div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-The following expression</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-activity(a1,2011-11-16T16:05:00,2011-11-16T16:06:00,
- [ex:host="server.example.org",prov:type="ex:edit" %% xsd:QName])
-</pre>
-<p>states the existence of an activity with identifier <span class="name">a1</span>, start time <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:05:00</span>, and end time <span
-class="name">2011-11-16T16:06:00</span>, running on host <span class="name">server.example.org</span>, and of type <span class="name">edit</span>. The attribute <span class="name">host</span> is application specific (declared in some namespace with prefix <span class="name">ex</span>). The attribute <span
-class="name">type</span> is a reserved attribute of PROV-DM, allowing for sub-typing to be expressed.</p>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<p>Further considerations:</p>
-<ul>
-<li>An activity is not an entity.
-Indeed, an entity exists in full at
-any point in its lifetime, persists during this
-interval, and preserves the characteristics that makes it
-identifiable. In contrast, an activity is something that happens,
-unfolds or develops through time, but is typically not identifiable by
-the characteristics it exhibits at any point during its duration.
-This distinction is similar to the distinction between
-'continuant' and 'occurrent' in logic [[Logic]].</li>
-</ul>
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-Agent">
-<h3>Agent</h3>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-agent" withspan='true'></div>
-
-
-<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-agent">An agent<span class="withAsn">, noted <span class="name">agent(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><em>id</em>: an identifier identifying an agent;</li>
-<li><em>attributes</em>: a set of attribute-value pairs representing this agent's situation in the world.
-</li>
-</ul></div>
-
-
-<p>
-From an interoperability perspective, it is useful to define some basic categories of agents since
-it will improve the use of provenance by applications.
-There should be very few of these basic categories to keep the model simple and accessible.
-There are three types of agents in the model since they are common across most anticipated domains of use:
-<ul>
-<li><span class="name">Human</span>: agents of type Human are people. (This type is equivalent to a "foaf:person" [[FOAF]])</li>
-<li><span class="name">Organization</span>: agents of type Organization are social institutions such as companies, societies etc. (This type is equivalent to a "foaf:organization"
-[[FOAF]])</li>
-<li><span class="name">ComputingSystem</span>: a computing system agent is a piece of software and/or hardware. </li>
-</ul>
-<p>These types are mutually exclusive, though they do not cover all kinds of agent. </p>
-
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>The following expression is about an agent identified by <span class="name">e1</span>, which is a person, named Alice, with employee number 1234.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-agent(e1, [ex:employee="1234", ex:name="Alice", prov:type="prov:Human" %% xsd:QName])
-</pre>
-<p>It is optional to specify the type of an agent. When present, it is expressed using the <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class='issue'> Shouldn't we allow for entities (not agent) to be associated with an activity? Should we drop the inference association-agent? <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/203">ISSUE-203</a>.</div>
-
-</section>
-
- <section id="term-note">
-
-<h4>Note</h4>
-
-<p>As provenance descriptions are exchanged between systems, it may be useful to add extra-information to what they are describing. For instance, a "trust service" may add value-judgements about the
-trustworthiness of some of the entities or agents involved. Likewise, an interactive visualization component may want to enrich a set of provenance descriptions with information helping reproduce their
-visual representation. To help with interoperability, PROV-DM introduces a simple annotation mechanism allowing anything that is identifiable to be associated with notes.</p>
-
-<p>A <dfn title="dfn-note">note</dfn><span class="withAsn">, noted <span class="name">note(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><em>id</em>: an identifier identifying the note;</li>
-<li><em>attributes</em>: a set of attribute-value pairs, whose meaning is application specific.</li>
-</ul>
-
-
-
-
-<p>A separate PROV-DM relation is used to associate a note with something that is identifiable (see <a href="#term-annotation">Section on annotation</a>). A given note may be associated with
-multiple identifiable things.
-</p>
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-The following note consists of a set of application-specific attribute-value pairs, intended
-to help the rendering of what it is associated with, by
-specifying its color and its position on the screen.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-note(ex2:n1,[ex2:color="blue", ex2:screenX=20, ex2:screenY=30])
-hasAnnotation(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex2:n1)
-</pre>
-<p>The note is associated with the entity <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> previously introduced (<a title="annotation">hasAnnotation</a> is
-discussed in Section <a href="#term-annotation">Annotation</a>). The note's identifier and attributes are declares in a separate namespace denoted by prefix <span class="name">ex2</span>.
-</p>
-
-<p>Alternatively, a reputation service may enrich a provenance record with notes providing reputation ratings about agents. In the following fragment, both agents <span class="name">ex:Simon</span> and <span class="name">ex:Paolo</span> are rated "excellent".</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-note(ex3:n2,[ex3:reputation="excellent"])
-hasAnnotation(ex:Simon,ex3:n2)
-hasAnnotation(ex:Paolo,ex3:n2)
-</pre>
-<p>The note's identifier and attributes are declares in a separate namespace denoted by prefix <span class="name">ex3</span>.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-
- </section>
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="term-relation">
-<h3>Relation</h3>
-
-<p>
-This section describes all the PROV-DM relations between the elements introduced in <a href="#term-element">Section Element</a>. While these relations are not
-binary, they all involve two primary elements. They can be summarized as follows. </p>
-
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
-<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<caption>PROV-DM Core Relation Summary</caption>
-<tr><td></td><td>Entity</td><td>Activity</td><td>Agent</td><td>Note</td></tr>
-<tr><td>Entity</td><td><a title="derivations">wasDerivedFrom</a><br><a title="dfn-alternate">alternateOf</a><br><a title="dfn-specialization">specializationOf</a></td><td><a
-title="dfn-Generation">wasGeneratedBy</a></td><td>—</td><td><a title="dfn-annotation">hasAnnotation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td>Activity</td><td><a title="usage">used</a></td><td>—</td><td><a title="start record">wasStartedBy</a><br><a title="end record">wasEndedBy</a><br><a title="dfn-activity-association">wasAssociatedWith</a></td><td><a title="dfn-annotation">hasAnnotation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td>Agent</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td><a title="dfn-responsibility-chain">actedOnBehalfOf</a></td><td><a title="dfn-annotation">hasAnnotation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td>Note</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td><a title="dfn-annotation">hasAnnotation</a></td></tr>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<section id="activity-entity-relation">
-<h3>Activity-Entity Relation</h3>
-
-<section id="term-Generation">
-<h4>Generation</h4>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-generation" withspan='true'></div>
-
-<p>
-<div class="attributes" id="attributes-generation"><dfn title="dfn-Generation">Generation</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id,e,a,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> has the following components:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying a generation;</li>
-<li><em>entity</em>: an identifier identifying a created entity; </li>
-<li><em>activity</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the activity that creates the entity;</li>
-
-<li><em>time</em>: an OPTIONAL "generation time", the time at which the entity was completely created;</li>
-
-<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that describes the modalities of generation of this entity by this activity.</li>
-</ul></div>
-<p>While each of the components <em>activity</em>, <em>time</em>, and <em>attributes</em> is OPTIONAL, at least one of them MUST be present.</p>
-
-
-
-
-
-<div class='anexample'>
-<p>
-The following expressions</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
- wasGeneratedBy(e1,a1, 2001-10-26T21:32:52, [ex:port="p1", ex:order=1])
- wasGeneratedBy(e2,a1, 2001-10-26T10:00:00, [ex:port="p1", ex:order=2])
-</pre>
-<p>state the existence of two generations (with respective times <span class="name">2001-10-26T21:32:52</span> and <span
-class="name">2001-10-26T10:00:00</span>), at which new entities, identified by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, are created by an
-activity, identified by <span class="name">a1</span>.
-The first one is available as the first value on port p1, whereas the other is the second value on port p1. The semantics of <span class="name">port</span> and <span
-class="name">order</span> are application specific.
-</p>
-</div>
-
-
-<div class='anexample'>
-<p>
-In some cases, we may want to record the time at which an entity was generated without having to specify the activity that generated it. To support this requirement, the activity component in generation is optional. Hence, the following expression indicates the time at which an entity is generated, without naming the activity that did it.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
- wasGeneratedBy(e,,2001-10-26T21:32:52)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="term-Usage">
-<h3>Usage</h3>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-usage" withspan='true'></div>
-
-
-<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-usage"><dfn title="dfn-Usage">Usage</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">used(id,a,e,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> has the following constituents:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying a usage;</li>
-<li><em>activity</em>: an identifier for the consuming activity;</li>
-<li><em>entity</em>: an identifier for the consumed entity;</li>
-<li><em>time</em>: an OPTIONAL "usage time", the time at which the entity started to be used;</li>
-<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that describe the modalities of usage of this entity by this activity.</li>
-</ul></div>
-
-<p>
-A reference to a given entity MAY appear in multiple usages that share
- a given activity identifier.
-</p>
-
-
-<div class='anexample'>
-<p>The following usages</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
- used(a1,e1,2011-11-16T16:00:00,[ex:parameter="p1"])
- used(a1,e2,2011-11-16T16:00:01,[ex:parameter="p2"])
-</pre>
-<p>state that the activity identified by <span class="name">a1</span> consumed two entities identified by <span
-class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, at times <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> and <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:01</span>, respectively; the first
-one was found as the value of parameter <span class="name">p1</span>, whereas the second was found as value of parameter <span class="name">p2</span>. The semantics of <span
-class="name">parameter</span> is application specific.</p>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<div class='note'>
-
-
-
-<p>
-A usage record's id is OPTIONAL. It MUST be present when annotating usage records (see Section <a href="#term-annotation">Annotation Record</a>) or when defining precise-1 derivations (see
-<a href="#Derivation-Relation">Derivation</a>).</p>
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-</section>
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-
-<section id="activity-agent-relation">
-<h3>Activity-Agent Relation</h3>
-
-<section id="term-ActivityAssociation">
-<h4>Activity Association</h4>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-activityAssociation" withspan='true'></div>
-
-<p>As far as responsibility is concerned, PROV-DM offers two kinds of constructs. The first, introduced in this section, is a relation between an agent, a plan, and an activity; the second, introduced in <a
-href="#term-responsibility">Section Responsibility</a>, is a relation between agents expressing that an agent was acting on behalf of another, in the context of an activity. </p>
-
-
-<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-activity-association">An <dfn title="dfn-activity-association">activity association</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(id,a,ag,pl,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> has the following
-constituents:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the association between an activity and an agent;</li>
-<li><em>activity</em>: an identifier for the activity;</li>
-<li><em>agent</em>: an identifier for the agent associated with the activity;</li>
-<li><em>plan</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the plan adopted by the agent in the context of this activity;
-<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that describe the modalities of association of this activity with this agent.</li>
-</ul></div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-In the following example, a designer and an operator agents are associated with an activity. The designer's goals are achieved by a workflow <span class="name">ex:wf</span>.
-<pre class="codeexample">
-activity(ex:a,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
-agent(ex:ag1,[prov:type="operator"])
-agent(ex:ag2,[prov:type="designer"])
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:a,ex:ag1,[prov:role="loggedInUser", ex:how="webapp"])
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:a,ex:ag2,ex:wf,[prov:role="designer", ex:context="project1"])
-entity(ex:wf,[prov:type="prov:Plan"%% xsd:QName, ex:label="Workflow 1",
- ex:url="http://example.org/workflow1.bpel" %% xsd:anyURI])
-</pre>
-Since the workflow <span class="name">ex:wf</span> is itself an entity, its provenance can also be expressed in PROV-DM: it can be generated by some activity and derived from other entities,
-for instance.
-</div>
-
-<div class='issue'> The activity association record does not allow for a plan to be asserted without an agent.
-This seems over-restrictive. Discussed in the context of <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/203">ISSUE-203</a>.</div>
-
-
-<div class='issue'> Agents should not be inferred. WasAssociatedWith should also work with entities.
-This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/206">ISSUE-206</a>.</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-Start-End">
-<h4>Activity Start and Activity End</h4>
-
-<p> A <dfn title="dfn-Start">activity start</dfn> is a representation of an agent starting an activity.
- An <dfn title="dfn-End">activity end</dfn> is a representation of an agent ending an activity. Both relations are specialized forms of <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith</span>. They contain
-attributes describing the modalities of acting/ending activities.</p>
-
-
-
-<p>An activity start<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">wasStartedBy(id,a,ag,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the activity start;</li>
-<li><em>activity</em>: an identifier identifying the started activity;
-<li><em>agent</em>: an identifier for the agent starting the activity;
-<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs describing modalities according to which the agent started the activity.
-</ul>
-
-<p>An activity end<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">wasEndedBy(id,a,ag,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the activity end;</li>
-<li><em>activity</em>: an identifier identifying the ended activity;
-<li><em>agent</em>: an identifier for the agent ending the activity;
-<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs describing modalities according to which the agent ended the activity.
-</ul>
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-In the following example,</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-wasStartedBy(a,ag,[ex:mode="manual"])
-wasEndedby(a,ag,[ex:mode="manual"])
-</pre>
-<p>there is an activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span>
-that was started and ended by an agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, in "manual" mode, an application specific characterization of these relations.
-</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class='issue'>
-Should we define start/end records as representation of activity start/end events.
-Should time be associated with these events rather than with activities. This will be similar to what
-we do for entities. This is issue <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/207">ISSUE-207</a>.</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="entity-entity-agent-agent-relation">
-<h4>Entity-Entity or Agent-Agent Relation</h4>
-
-<section id="term-responsibility">
-
-<h4>Responsibility Chain</h4>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-responsibilityChain" withspan='true'></div>
-
-<p>PROV-DM offers a mild version of responsibility
-in the form of a relation to represent when an agent acted on another
-agent's behalf. So in the example of someone running a mail program,
-the program is an agent of that activity and the person is also an
-agent of the activity, but we would also add that the mail software
-agent is running on the person's behalf. In the other example, the
-student acted on behalf of his supervisor, who acted on behalf of the
-department chair, who acts on behalf of the university, and all those
-agents are responsible in some way for the activity to take place but
-we do not say explicitly who bears responsibility and to what
-degree. </p>
-
-<p>We could also say that an agent can act on behalf of several other
-agents (a group of agents). This would also make possible to
-indirectly reflect chains of responsibility. This also indirectly
-reflects control without requiring that control is explicitly
-indicated. In some contexts there will be a need to represent
-responsibility explicitly, for example to indicate legal
-responsibility, and that could be added as an extension to this core
-model. Similarly with control, since in particular contexts there
-might be a need to define specific aspects of control that various
-agents exert over a given activity.</p>
-
-<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-responsibility-chain">A <dfn title="dfn-responsibility-chain">responsibility chain</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(id,ag2,ag1,a,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> has the following constituents:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the responsibility chain;</li>
-<li><em>subordinate</em>: an identifier for the agent associated with an activity, acting on behalf of the responsible
-agent;</li>
-<li><em>responsible</em>: an identifier for the agent, on behalf of which the subordinate agent acted;</li>
-<li><em>activity</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier of an activity for which the responsibility chain holds;</li>
-<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that describe the modalities of this relation.</li>
-</ul></div>
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-In the following example, a programmer, a researcher and a funder agents are described. The programmer and researcher are associated with a workflow activity. The programmer acts on behalf
-of the researcher (delegation) encoding the commands specified by the researcher; the researcher acts on behalf of the funder, who has an contractual agreement with the researcher. The terms
-'delegation' and 'contact' used in this example are domain specific.
-<pre class="codeexample">
-activity(a,[prov:type="workflow"])
-agent(ag1,[prov:type="programmer"])
-agent(ag2,[prov:type="researcher"])
-agent(ag3,[prov:type="funder"])
-wasAssociatedWith(a,ag1,[prov:role="loggedInUser"])
-wasAssociatedWith(a,ag2)
-actedOnBehalfOf(ag1,ag2,a,[prov:type="delegation"])
-actedOnBehalfOf(ag2,ag3,a,[prov:type="contract"])
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="Derivation-Relation">
-<h4>Derivation</h4>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-derivation" withspan='true'></div>
-
-
-<div class='note'>
-This text was not edited much. It keeps on referring to asserter/assertion. Before editing this section, we would like to have <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/249">ISSUE-249</a> resolved.
-</div>
-
-
-<p>According to <a href="#conceptualization">Section Conceptualization</a>, for an entity to be transformed from, created from, or affected by another in some way, there must be some
-underpinning activities performing the necessary actions resulting in such a derivation.
-However, asserters may not assert or have knowledge of these activities and associated details: they may not assert or know their number, they may not assert or know their identity, they may
-not assert or know the attributes characterizing how the relevant entities are used or generated. To accommodate the varying circumstances of the various asserters, PROV-DM allows more or
-less precise derivations to be asserted. Hence, PROV-DM uses the terms <em>precise</em> and <em>imprecise</em> to characterize the different kinds of derivations. We note
-that the derivation itself is exact (i.e., deterministic, non-probabilistic), but it is its description, expressed in a derivation assertion, that may be imprecise. </p>
-
-<p>The lack of precision may come from two sources:</p>
-<ul>
-<li> the number of activities that underpin a derivation is not asserted or known, or</li>
-<li> any of the other details that are involved in the derivation is not asserted or known; these include activity identities, generation and usage, and their attributes.</li>
-</ul>
-
-
-
-
-<p>Hence, we can consider two axis. An activity number axis that has values <em>single</em>, <em>multiple</em>, and <em>unknown</em>, respectively representing the case where one activity
-is known to have occurred, more than one activities are known to have occurred, or an unknown number of activities have occurred. Likewise, we can consider another axis to cover other
-details (identities, generation, usage, and attributes), with values <em>asserted</em> and <em>not asserted</em>. We can then form a matrix of possible derivations. Out of the six
-possibilities,
-PROV-DM offers three forms of derivations to cater for five of them, while the remaining one is not meaningful. The following table summarizes names for the three kinds of
-derivation, which we then explain.</p>
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
-<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<caption>PROV-DM Derivation Type Summary</caption>
-<tr><td colspan=2 rowspan=2></td><td colspan=2><em>other details</em> axis</td></tr>
-<tr><td>asserted</td><td>not asserted</td></tr>
-<tr><td rowspan=3><em>activity number</em><br>axis</td><td>single</td><td><a>precise-1 derivation</a></td><td><a>imprecise-1 derivation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td>multiple</td><td><a>imprecise-n derivation</a></td><td rowspan=2><a>imprecise-n derivation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td>unknown</td><td>—</td></tr>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-<ul>
-<li> The asserter asserts that derivation is due to exactly one activity, and all the details are asserted. We call this a precise-1 derivation.</li>
-<li> The asserter asserts that derivation is due to exactly one activity, but other details, whether known or unknown, are not asserted. We call this an imprecise-1 derivation.</li>
-<li> The following cases are captured by an imprecise-n derivation.
-<ul>
-<li> The asserter knows that multiple activities are involved or ignores the number of activities involved in the derivation, and other details are not asserted. </li>
-<li> The asserter knows that multiple activities are involved in the derivation, and all their details are asserted. In this case, these activities are connected by means of generated and
-used intermediary entities. Despite all activities and details being known, there is no guarantee that any of these activities plays an active role in the derivation; hence, this case is
-also regarded as imprecise. Instead, precise derivations need to be expressed between these intermediary entities. </li>
-</ul>
-</ul>
-
-<p> We note that the last theoretical cases cannot occur, since
- asserting the details of an unknown number of activities is a contradiction.
-</p>
-
-<p>In order to represent the number of activities in a derivation, we introduce a PROV-DM attribute <span class="name">steps</span>, which can take two possible values: <span
-class="name">single</span> and <span class="name">any</span>.
-When <span class="name">prov:steps="single"</span>, derivation is due to one activity; when <span class="name">prov:steps="any"</span>, the number of activities is multiple or not known.</p>
-
-
-<p>The three kinds of <dfn id="dfn-derivation">derivations</dfn> are successively introduced. Making use of the attribute <span class="name">steps</span>, we can distinguish the various derivation types.</p>
-
-<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-derivation">A <dfn>precise-1 derivation</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(id, e2, e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the derivation;</li>
-<li><em>generatedEntity</em>: the identifier of the generation entity;</li>
-<li><em>usedEntity</em>: the identifier of the used entity;</li>
-<li><em>activity</em>: the identifier of the activity using and generating the above entities;</li>
-<li><em>generation</em>: the identifier the generation for the generated entity and activity;</li>
-<li><em>usage</em>: the identifier of the usage for the used entity and activity;</li>
-<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that describe the modalities of this derivation, optionally including the attribute-value
-pair <span class="name">prov:steps="single"</span>.</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-<p>It is OPTIONAL to include the attribute <span class="name">prov:steps</span> in a precise-1 derivation since it already refers to the one and only one activity underpinning the
-derivation.</p>
-
-
-<p>An <dfn>imprecise-1 derivation</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(id, e2,e1, t, attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the derivation;</li>
-<li><em>generatedEntity</em>: the identifier of the generated entity;</li>
-<li><em>usedEntity</em>: the identifier of the used entity;</li>
-<li><em>time</em>: an OPTIONAL "generation time", the time at which the entity was created;</li>
-<li><em>attributes</em>: a set of attribute-value pairs that describe the modalities of this derivation; it MUST include the attribute-value pair <span class="name">prov:steps="single"</span>.</li>
-</ul>
-<p>An imprecise-1 derivation MUST include the attribute <span class="name">prov:steps</span>, since it is the only means to distinguish this derivation from an imprecise-n derivation.</p>
-
-
-<p>An <dfn>imprecise-n derivation</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(id, e2, e1, t, attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the derivation;</li>
-<li><em>generatedEntity</em>: the identifier of the generated entity;</li>
-<li><em>usedEntity</em>: the identifier of the used entity;</li>
-<li><em>time</em>: an OPTIONAL "generation time", the time at which the entity was created;</li>
-<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that describe the modalities of this derivation; it optionally includes the attribute-value pair <span class="name">prov:steps="any"</span>.</li>
-</ul>
-<p>It is OPTIONAL to include the attribute <span class="name">prov:steps</span> in an imprecise-n derivation. It defaults to <span class="name">prov:steps="any"</span>.</p>
-
-
-<p>None of the three kinds of derivation is defined to be transitive. Domain-specific specializations of these derivations may be defined in such a way that the transitivity property
-holds.</p>
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>The following descriptions state the existence of derivations.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-wasDerivedFrom(e5,e3,a4,g2,u2)
-wasDerivedFrom(e5,e3,a4,g2,u2,[prov:steps="single"])
-
-wasDerivedFrom(e3,e2,[prov:steps="single"])
-
-wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[])
-wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:steps="any"])
-
-wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,2012-01-18T16:00:00, [prov:steps="any"])
-</pre>
-<p>
-The first two are precise-1 derivations expressing that the activity identified by <span class="name">a4</span>, by
-using the entity denoted by <span class="name">e3</span> according to usage <span class="name">u2</span>
- derived the
-entity denoted by <span class="name">e5</span> and generated it according to generation
- <span class="name">g2</span>. </p>
-
-<p>
-The third line describes an imprecise-1 derivation, which is similar for <span class="name">e3</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, but it leaves the activity and associated attributes implicit. The fourth and fifth lines are about imprecise-n derivations between <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span>, but no information is provided as to the number and identity of activities underpinning the derivation. The sixth derivation extends the fifth with the derivation time of <span class="name">e2</span>.
-</p>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<div class='issue'>Several points were raised about the attribute steps.
-Its name, its default value <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/180">ISSUE-180</a>.
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/179">ISSUE-179</a>.</div>
-
-<div class='issue'> Emphasize the notion of 'affected by' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/133">ISSUE-133</a>.</div>
-
-
-<div class='issue'> Is imprecise-1 derivation necessary? Can we just use precise-1 and imprecise-n? <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/249">ISSUE-249</a>.</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="term-alternate-specialization">
-
-<h4>Alternate and Specialization</h4>
-
-<p>The purpose of this section is to introduce relations between two entities that refer to the same thing in the world.
-Consider for example three entities:
-</p>
-<ul>
- <li><span class="name">e1</span> denoting "Bob, the holder of Facebook account ABC",
-
- <li><span class="name">e2</span> denoting "Bob, the holder of Twitter account XYZ",
-
- <li><span class="name">e3</span> denoting "Bob, the person".
-</ul>
-
-<p>These entities refer to the same real person Bob, either in different contexts, or at different levels of abstraction. Specifically:
-
-
-<ol>
- <li>e1 and e2 refer to Bob in two contexts (as Facebook and Twitter users, respectively)
- <li> both of e1 and e2 are more detailed than e3.
-</ol>
-
-
-
-<p>The following two relations are introduced for expressing alternative or specialized entities. </p>
-
-
-
-
-<p>An <dfn title="dfn-Alternate">alternate relation</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">alternateOf(id, alt1, alt2, attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> addresses case (1). It has the following constituents:</p>
-
-<ul>
-<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the association between the two alternates;</li>
-<li><em>firstAlternate</em>: an identifier of the first of the two entities;</li>
-<li><em>secondAlternate</em>: an identifier of the second of the two entities;</li>
-<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe this relation.</li>
-</ul>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-alternate">
-<p>The following expressions describe two persons, respectively holder of a Facebook account and a Twitter account, and their relation as alternate. </p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(facebook:ABC, [ prov:type="person with Facebook account " ])
-entity(twitter:XYZ, [ prov:type="person with Twitter account" ])
-alternateOf(facebook:ABC, twitter:XYZ)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<p>A <dfn title="dfn-Specialization">specialization relation</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">specializationOf(id, sub, super, attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> addresses case (2). It has the following constituents:</p>
-
-<ul>
-<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the association between the two entities;</li>
-<li><em>specializedEntity</em>: an identifier of the specialized entity;</li>
-<li><em>generalEntity</em>: an identifier of the entity that is being specialized;</li>
-<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe this relation.</li>
-</ul>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-specialization">
-<p>The following expressions describe two persons, the second of which is holder of a Twitter account. The second entity is a specialization of the first. </p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(ex:Bob, [ prov:type="person", ex:name="Bob" ])
-entity(twitter:XYZ, [ prov:type="person with Twitter account" ])
-specializationOf(twitter:XYZ, ex:Bob)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-<!--
-<p>To promote take up of these relations, it is not specified whether they are transitive or symmetric. We anticipate that applications will specialize these relations according to their needs. </p>
--->
-
-<div class='issue'>A discussion on alternative definition of these relations has not yet reached a satisfactory conclusion. This is <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/29">ISSUE-29</a>. Also <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/96">ISSUE-96</a>.</div>
-
-
-</section>
-</section>
-
-
-
-<section id="term-annotation">
-<h4>Annotation</h4>
-
-
-<p>
-<div class="glossary" id="glossary-annotation">
-An <dfn title="concept-annotation">annotation</dfn> is a link between something that is identifiable and a note referred to by its identifier.</div>Multiple notes can
-be associated with a given identified object; symmetrically, multiple objects can be associated with a given note. Since notes have identifiers, they can also be
-annotated. The annotation mechanism (with note and annotation) forms a key aspect of the extensibility mechanism of PROV-DM (see <a
-href="#extensibility-section">extensibility section</a>).</p>
-
-<p>An <dfn title="dfn-annotation">annotation relation</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">hasAnnotation(id,r,n,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> has the following constituents:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier for this relation;</li>
-<li><em>something</em>: the identifier of something being annotated;</li>
-<li><em>note</em>: an identifier of a note;</li>
-<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe this annotation.</li>
-</ul>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-The following expressions</p>
-<pre class="codexample">
-entity(e1,[prov:type="document"])
-entity(e2,[prov:type="document"])
-activity(a,t1,t2)
-used(u1,a,e1,[ex:file="stdin"])
-wasGeneratedBy(e2, a, [ex:file="stdout"])
-
-note(n1,[ex:icon="doc.png"])
-hasAnnotation(e1,n1)
-hasAnnotation(e2,n1)
-
-note(n2,[ex:style="dotted"])
-hasAnnotation(u1,n2)
-</pre>
-<p>describe two documents (attribute-value pair: <span class="name">prov:type="document"</span>) identified by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span
-class="name">e2</span>, and their annotation with a note indicating that the icon (an application specific way of rendering provenance) is <span class="name">doc.png</span>. The example also
-includes an activity, its usage of the first entity, and its generation of the second entity. The <a title="dfn-usage">usage</a> is annotated with a style (an application specific way
-of rendering this edge graphically). To be able to express this annotation, the usage was provided with an identifier <span class="name">u1</span>, which was then referred to in <span
-class="name">hasAnnotation(u1,n2)</span>.
-</p>
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-</section>
-
-
-
-<section id="second-class-elements">
-<h3>Further Elements of PROV-DM</h3>
-
-This section introduces further elements of PROV-DM.
-
-<section id="term-NamespaceDeclaration">
-<h3>Namespace Declaration</h3>
-
-<p>A PROV-DM <dfn id="dfn-namespace">namespace</dfn> is identified by an IRI reference [[!IRI]]. In PROV-DM, attributes, identifiers, and literals with <a title="qualified name">qualified names</a> as data type can be placed in a namespace using the mechanisms described in this specification. </p>
-
-
-<p>A <dfn id="dfn-namespaceDeclaration">namespace declaration</dfn> consists of a binding between a prefix and a namespace. Every qualified name with this prefix in the scope of this
-declaration refers to this namespace.
-A <dfn id="dfn-defaultNamespaceDeclaration">default namespace declaration</dfn> consists of a namespace. Every un-prefixed qualified name in the scope of this default namespace declaration
-refers to this namespace.</p>
-
-<p>The PROV-DM namespace is <span class="name">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-dm/</span> (TBC).</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-identifier">
-<h4>Identifier</h4>
-
-<p>
-An <dfn id="dfn-identifier">identifier</dfn> is a <a>qualified
- name</a>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-A <dfn id="dfn-qualifiedName">qualified name</dfn> is a name subject to <a>namespace</a> interpretation. It consists of a <a>namespace</a>, denoted by an optional prefix, and a local name.</p>
-
-
-<p>PROV-DM stipulates that a qualified name can be mapped into an IRI
- by concatenating the IRI associated with the prefix and the local part.</p>
-
-<p>A qualified name's prefix is OPTIONAL. If a prefix occurs in a
- qualified name, it refers to a <a>namespace</a> declared in a namespace declaration. In the absence of prefix, the qualified name
- refers to the <a title="default namespace declaration">default namespace</a>.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-attribute">
-<h4>Attribute</h4>
-
-<p>An <dfn title="dfn-attribute">attribute</dfn> is a <a>qualified name</a>.
-
-
-<p>The PROV data model introduces a pre-defined set of attributes in the <a href="#prov-dm-namespace">PROV-DM namespace</a>, which we define below.
-The interpretation of any attribute declared in another namespace is out of scope.</p>
-
-<section id="term-attribute-role">
-<h4>prov:role</h4>
-
-<p>The attribute <dfn title="dfn-role"><span class="name">prov:role</span></dfn> denotes the function of an entity with respect to an activity, in the context of a usage, generation,
-activity association, activity start, and activity end. The attribute <span class="name">prov:role</span> is allowed to occur multiple times in a list of attribute-value pairs. The value associated with a <span
-class="name">prov:role</span> attribute MUST be a PROV-DM <a title="literal">Literal</a>.</p>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>The following activity start describes the role of the agent identified by <span class="name">ag</span> in this start relation with activity <span class="name">a</span>. </p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
- wasStartedBy(a,ag, [prov:role="program-operator"])
-</pre>
-</div>
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-attribute-type">
-<h4>prov:type</h4>
-
-<p>The attribute <dfn title="dfn-type"><span class="name">prov:type</span></dfn> provides further typing information for an element or relation. PROV-DM liberally
-defines a type as a category of things having common characteristics. PROV-DM is agnostic about the representation of types, and only states that
-the value associated with a <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute MUST be a PROV-DM Literal. The attribute <span class="name">prov:type</span>
-is allowed to occur multiple times.</p>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>The following describes an agent of type software agent.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
- agent(ag, [prov:type="prov:ComputingSystem" %% xsd:QName])
-</pre>
-</div>
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-attribute-steps">
-<h4>prov:steps</h4>
-
-<p> The attribute <dfn title="dfn-steps"><span class="name">prov:steps</span></dfn> defines the level of precision associated with a derivation. The value associated with a <span
-class="name">prov:steps</span> attribute MUST be <span class="name">"single"</span> or <span class="name">"any"</span>. The attribute <span class="name">prov:steps</span> occurs at most
-once in a derivation. A derivation without attribute <span class="name">prov:steps</span> is considered to be equivalent to the same derivation extended with an extra attribute
-<span class="name">prov:steps</span> and associated value <span class="name">"any"</span>. </p>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>The following expression declares an imprecise-1 derivation, which is known to involve one activity, though its identity, usage details of <span class="name">ex:e1</span>, and generation
-details of <span class="name">ex:e2</span> are not explicit.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
- wasDerivedFrom(ex:e2, ex:e1, [prov:steps="single"])
-</pre>
-</div>
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-attribute-label">
-<h4>prov:label</h4>
-
-<p> The attribute <dfn title="dfn-label"><span class="name">prov:label</span></dfn> provides a human-readable representation of a PROV-DM element or relation. The value associated with the attribute <span class="name">prov:label</span> MUST be a string.</p>
-
-<div class='issue'>
- This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/219">ISSUE-219</a>. </div>
-</section>
-
-
-
-<section id="term-attribute-location">
-<h4>prov:location</h4>
-
-<p><dfn title="dfn-Location">Location</dfn> is an identifiable geographic place (ISO 19112). As such, there are numerous ways in which location can be expressed, such as by a coordinate,
-address, landmark, row, column, and so forth. This document does not specify how to concretely express locations, but instead provide a mechanism to introduce locations, by means of attributes. </p>
-
-
-<p>
-The attribute <dfn title="dfn-location"><span class="name">prov:location</span></dfn> is an OPTIONAL attribute of entity and activity. The value associated with the attribute <span class="name">prov:location</span> MUST be a PROV-DM Literal, expected to denote a location.
-</p>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>The following expression describes entity Mona Lisa, a painting, with a location attribute. </p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
- entity(ex:MonaLisa, [prov:location="Le Louvres, Paris", prov:type="StillImage"])
-</pre>
-</div>
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-<section id="term-literal">
-<h4>Literal</h4>
-
-<div class='note'>
-Usually, in programming languages, Literal are a notation for values. So, Literals should probably be moved to the serialization. Here, instead, we should define the types of values. Thoughts?
-</div>
-
-<p>
-A PROV-DM Literal represents a data value such as a particular string
-or number. A PROV-DM Literal represents a value whose interpretation is outside the scope of PROV-DM.
-</p>
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-The following examples respectively are the string "abc", the string "abc", the integer number 1, and the IRI "http://example.org/foo".
-<pre class="codeexample">
- "abc"
- 1
- "http://example.org/foo" %% xsd:anyURI
-</pre>
-<p>The following example shows a literal of type <span class="name">xsd:QName</span> (see
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-2-20041028/#QName">QName</a> [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]]).
-The prefix <span class="name">ex</span> MUST be bound to a <a>namespace</a> declared in a <a>namespace declaration</a>.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
- "ex:value" %% xsd:QName
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-<section id="term-Time">
-<h4>Time</h4>
-
-<div class='note'>
-It's a legacy of the charter that time is a top level section. Time is a specific kind of value, and should be folded into the "value" section.
-</div>
-
-
-<p><dfn title="dfn-time">Time instants</dfn> are defined according to xsd:dateTime [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]].</p>
-
-
-
-<p>Time is OPTIONAL in usage, generation, and activity</p>
-
-
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-</section>
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="common-relations">
-<h2>PROV-DM Common Relations</h2>
-
-<p>The following figure summarizes the additional relations described in this section.
-</p>
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
-<figure>
-<img src="commonRelations.svg" alt="common relations"/>
-<figcaption>PROV-DM Common Relations</figcaption>
-</figure>
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-<section id="term-Revision">
-<h3>Revision</h3>
-
-<p> A <dfn title="dfn-Revision">revision</dfn> is the result of revising an entity into a revised version.
- Deciding whether something is made available as a revision of something else usually involves an agent who takes responsibility for approving that the former is a due variant of the latter.
- The agent who is responsible for the revision may optionally be specified.
- Revision is a particular case of <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> of an entity into its revised version.</p>
-
-<p> A revision relation<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">wasRevisionOf(id,e2,e1,ag,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the relation;</li>
-<li><em>newer</em>: the identifier of the revised entity;
-<li><em>older</em>: the identifier of the older entity;
-<li><em>responsibility</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the agent who approved the newer entity as a variant of the older;
-<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of this relation.</li>
-</ul>
-
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-Revisiting the example of <a href="#section-example-a">Section 3.1</a>,
-we can now state that the report
- <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is a revision of
- the report <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</span>, approved by
-agent <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>.
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
-wasRevisionOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, w3:Consortium)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-
-</section> <!-- end revision -->
-
-
-<section id="term-attribution">
-<h3>Attribution</h3>
-
-<p><dfn id="dfn-attribution">Attribution</dfn> is the ascribing of an entity to an agent. More precisely, when an entity <span class="name">e</span> is attributed to agent <span class="name">ag</span>, entity <span class="name">e</span> was generated by some activity <span class="name">a</span>, which in turn was associated to agent <span class="name">ag</span>. Thus, this relation is useful when the activity is not known, or irrelevant.
-
-<p> An attribution relation<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name"> wasAttributedTo(id,e,ag,attr)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains the following elements:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the relation;</li>
-<li><em>entity</em>: an entity identifier;</li>
-<li><em>agent</em>: the identifier of the agent whom the entity is ascribed to;</li>
-<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
-</ul>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-Revisiting the example of <a href="#section-example-b">Section 3.2</a>,
-we can ascribe <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> to some agents without having to make an activity explicit.
-<pre class="codeexample">
-agent(ex:Paolo, [ prov:type="Human" ])
-agent(ex:Simon, [ prov:type="Human" ])
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
-wasAttributedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:Paolo, [prov:role="editor"])
-wasAttributedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:Simon, [prov:role="contributor"])
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-</section> <!-- end attribution -->
-
-<section id="term-OrderingOfActivities">
-<h3>Activity Ordering</h3>
-
-
-<p>The following relations express dependencies amongst activities.</p>
-
-<ul>
- <li> An <dfn title="InformationFlowOrdering">information flow ordering relation</dfn> states that activity <span class="name">a2</span> is dependent on another <span class="name">a1</span>, by way of some entity <span class="name">e</span> that is generated by <span class="name">a1</span> and used by <span class="name">a2</span>.
- <li>A <dfn title="ControlOrdering">control ordering relation</dfn> states that activity <span class="name">a2</span> was initiated by another activity <span class="name">a1</span>.
-</ul>
-
-<p>
-An information flow ordering relation<span class="withAsn">, written as
-<span class="name">wasInformedBy(id,a2,a1,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:
-<ul>
-<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
-<li><em>informed</em>: the identifier of the informed activity;
-<li><em>informant</em>: the identifier of the informant activity;
-<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe properties of the relation.</li>
-</ul>
-<p> Relation <span class="name">wasInformedBy</span> is not transitive.</p>
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-Consider two long running services, which we represent by activities <span class="name">s1</span> and <span class="name">s2</span>.
-<pre class="codeexample">
-activity(s1,,,[prov:type="service"])
-activity(s2,,,[prov:type="service"])
-wasInformedBy(s2,s1)
-</pre>
-The last line indicates that some entity was generated by <span class="name">s1</span> and used by <span class="name">s2</span>.
-</div>
-
-
-<p>
-A control ordering relation<span class="withAsn">, written as
-<span class="name">wasStartedBy(id, a2, a1, attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains: </p>
-<ul>
-<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier of the relation;</li>
-<li><em>started</em>: the identifier of the started activity;
-<li><em>starter</em>: the identifier of the activity that started the other;</li>
-<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
-</ul>
-
-
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-Suppose activities <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> are computer processes that are executed on different hosts, and that <span class="name">a1</span> started <span class="name">a2</span>. This can be expressed as in the following fragment:</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-activity(a1,t1,t2,[ex:host="server1.example.org",prov:type="workflow"])
-activity(a2,t3,t4,[ex:host="server2.example.org",prov:type="subworkflow"])
-wasStartedBy(a2,a1)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-traceability">
-<h3>Traceability</h3>
-
-<p> A <dfn title="dfn-Traceability">traceability relation</dfn> between two entities <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span> is a generic dependency of <span class="name">e2</span>
-on <span class="name">e1</span> that indicates either that <span class="name">e1</span> was necessary for <span class="name">e2</span> to be created, or that <span class="name">e1</span> bears
-some responsibility for <span class="name">e2</span>'s existence.
-
-
-<p> A traceability relation<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">tracedTo(id,e2,e1,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
-<li><em>entity</em>: an identifier identifying an entity;
-<li><em>ancestor</em>: an identifier identifying an ancestor entity that the former depends on;
-<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe properties of the relation.</li>
-</ul>
-<p>We note that the ancestor is allowed to be an agent since agents are entities. </p>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>We refer to the example of <a href="#section-example-a">Section 3.1</a>, and specifically to <a href="#prov-tech-report">Figure prov-tech-report</a>. We can see that there is a path from
-<span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> to
-<span class="name">w3:Consortium</span> or to
-<span class="name">pr:rec-advance</span>. This is expressed as follows.
-<pre class="codeexample">
- tracedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,w3:Consortium)
- tracedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,pr:rec-advance)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-<p>Further considerations:</p>
-<ul>
- <li>Traceability is more general than <a href="#Derivation-Relation">Derivation</a>.
-</ul>
-
-
-<div class='note'>
- I propose to delete the following, given that this document does not mention inferences. [LM]
-<p>Further considerations:</p>
-<ul>
- <li>Traceability is more general than <a href="#Derivation-Relation">Derivation</a>. This means that an assertion of the form: <span class="name">tracedTo(...,e2,e1,...)</span> can be inferred from an assertion of the form:
- <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,..)</span>. The precise inference rules are specified in [REF].
- <li>Traceability is related to responsibility by way of inference rules that involve <a href="#term-responsibility">responsibility chain</a> and <a href="#term-Generation">generation</a> relations.
- These rules are specified in [REF]
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-<div class="note">looking at the definition, there is something wrong. It's not true that e2 was neceaary for e1 (in the transitive case) and
-that e1 bears responsibility. [LM]</div>
-</section>
-
-
-
-<section id="term-quotation">
-<h3>Quotation</h3>
-
-<div class="note">I find that quotation is really a misnomer. This expands into derivation with attribution, in what sense is the derived entity a "quote" of the original? . The agent that is quoted is particularly obscure. It does not seem to be involved in the quoting at all. Why isn't quoting an activity with the quoting agent associated with it? [PM]</div>
-
-<p> A <dfn>quotation</dfn>
- is the repeat of an entity (such as text or image) by
-someone other that its original author. Quotation
- is a particular case of <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> in which entity <span class="name">e2</span> is derived from entity <span class="name">e1</span> by copying, or "quoting", parts of it.</p>
-
-<p> A quotation relation<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name"> wasQuotedFrom(id,e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the relation;</li>
-<li><em>quote</em>: an identifier of the entity that represents the quote (the partial copy);
-<li><em>quoted</em>: an identifier of the original entity being quoted;
-<li><em>quoterAgent</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier of the agent who is doing the quoting;
-<li><em>quotedAgent</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier of the agent who attributed to the original entity;
-<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
-
-</ul>
-
-</section> <!-- end quotation -->
-
-
-<section id="term-summary">
-<h3>Summary</h3>
-
-<div class="note">Omitted as this is likely to be removed [PM]</div>
-
-<div class='issue'>Drop this relation <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/220">ISSUE-220</a>.</div>
-
-
-</section> <!-- end summary -->
-
-
-<section id="term-orignal-source">
-<h3>Original Source</h3>
-
-<div class="note"> I find this relation confusing. Please add an example. I wouldn't really know when to use this. [PM]</div>
-
-<p> An <dfn>original source relation</dfn> is a particular case of <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> that states that an entity <span class="name">e2</span> (derived) was originally part of some other entity <span class="name">e1</span> (the original source).</p>
-
-<p> An original source relation<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name"> hadOriginalSource(id,e2,e1,attrs)</span>,</span> contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
-<li><em>derived</em>: an identifier for the derived entity; </li>
-<li><em>source</em>: an identifier for the original source entity;</li>
-<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
-</ul>
-
-</section> <!-- end original source -->
-
-
-
-<section id="term-Collection">
-<h3>Collections</h3>
-
-<p><strong>Collection relations</strong> address the need to describe the evolution of entities that have a collection structure, that is, which may contain other entities. Specifically, this section exploits the built-in type for entities, called <a title="concept-collection">collection</a>, and two relations to describe the effect of adding elements to, and removing elements from, a collection entity.
-The intent of these relations and entity types is to capture the <em>history of changes that occurred to a collection</em>. </p>
-
-<p>A collection is an entity that has a logical internal structure consisting of key-value pairs, often referred to as a map.
-More precisely, the following entity types are introduced:
-
-<ul>
- <li> <span class="name">Collection</span> denotes an entity of type collection, i.e. an entity that can participate in insertion and removal relations;
-
- <li><span class="name">EmptyCollection</span> denotes an empty collection.
-</ul>
-
-The following relations relate a collection <span class="name">c1</span> with a collection <span class="name">c2</span> obtained after adding or removing a new pair to (resp. from) <span class="name">c1</span>:
-
-<ul>
- <li>Insertion relation <span class="name">CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, k, v)</span> states that <span class="name">c2</span> is the state of the collection
-following the insertion of pair <span class="name">(k,v)</span> into collection <span class="name">c1</span>;</li>
-
-<li> Removal relation <span class="name">CollectionAfterRemoval(c2,c1, k)</span> states that <span class="name">c2</span> is the state of the collection following the removal of the pair corresponding to key <span class="name">k</span> from <span class="name">c1</span>.</li>
-
-</ul>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
- entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection
- entity(v1)
- entity(v2)
- entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"])
- entity(c2, [prov:type="Collection"])
-
- CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, "k1", v1) // c1 = { ("k1",v1) }
- CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, "k2", v2) // c2 = { ("k1",v1), ("k2", v2) }
- CollectionAfterRemoval(c3, c2, k1) // c3 = { ("k2",v2) }
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-<p> A relation CollectionAfterInsertion<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name"> CollectionAfterInsertion(collAfter, collBefore, key, value)</span>,</span> contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><em>after</em>: an identifier for the collection <em>after</em> insertion; </li>
-<li><em>before</em>: an identifier for the collection <em>before</em> insertion;</li>
-<li><em>key</em>: the key that has been inserted</li>
-<li><em>value</em>: an identifier for the value that has been inserted with the key.</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p> A relation CollectionAfterDeletion, written <span class="name"> CollectionAfterDeletion(collAfter, collBefore, key)</span>, contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><em>after</em>: an identifier for the collection <em>after</em> the deletion; </li>
-<li><em>before</em>: an identifier for the collection <em>before</em> the deletion;</li>
-<li><em>key</em>: the key corresponding to the (key, value) pair that has been deleted from the collection.</li>
-</ul>
-
-<div class='note'>
-I propose to call them afterInsertion instead of CollectionAfterInsertion (likewise, for deletion).
-What about attributes and optional Id?
-</div>
-
-
-<p>Further considerations:</p>
-
-<ul>
- <li>The <strong>map</strong> collection type provides a generic indexing structure that can be used to model commonly used data structures, including associative lists (also known as "dictionaries" in some programming languages), relational tables, ordered lists, and more (the specification of such specialized structures in terms of key-value pairs is out of the scope of this document).</li>
-
-<li>Keys are literals, and values are entities. This allows expressing nested collections, that is, collections whose values include entities of type collection.</li>
-
-<li>Insertion and removal relations are a particular case of <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a>.</li>
-
- <li>This representation of a collection's evolution makes no assumption regarding the underlying data structure used to store and manage collections. In particular, no assumptions are needed regarding the mutability of a data structure that is subject to updates. In fact, the state of a collection (i.e., the set of key-value pairs it contains) at a given point in a sequence of operations is never stated explicitly. Rather, it can be obtained by querying the chain of derivations involving insertions and removals. Entity type <span class="name">emptyCollection</span> can be used in this context as it marks the start of a sequence of collection operations.</li>
-
-
-<!--
- <li> One can have multiple assertions regarding the state of a collection following a <em>set</em> of insertions, for example:<br/>
-<span class="name">CollectionAfterInsertion(c2,c1, k1, v1)</span><br/>
-<span class="name">CollectionAfterInsertion(c2,c1, k2, v2)</span><br/>
- <span class="name">...</span><br/>
-This is interpreted as <em>" <span class="name">c2</span> is the state that results from inserting <span class="name">(k1, v1)</span>, <span class="name">(k2, v2)</span> etc. into <span class="name">c1</span>"</em></li></p>
-
-<li> It is possible to have multiple derivations from a single root collection, possibly by different asserters, as shown in the following example.
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
- entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection
- entity(v1)
- entity(v2)
- entity(v3)
- entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"])
- entity(c2, [prov:type="Collection"])
- entity(c3, [prov:type="Collection"])
-
- CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 = { (k1,v1) }
- CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c, k2, v2) // c2 = { (k2 v2) }
- CollectionAfterInsertion(c3, c1, k3,v3) // c3 = { (k1,v1), (k3,v3) }
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-<div class='note'>Asserter not defined</div>
-</li></p>
-
-
-<li>Given the pair of assertions:
-
-<span class="name">CollectionAfterInsertion(c, c1, k1, v1)</span><br/>
-<span class="name">CollectionAfterInsertion(c, c2, k2, v2)</span><br/>
-
-it follows that <span class="name">c1==c2, k1==k2, v1==v2</span>, because one cannot have two different derivations for the same final collection state.</li></p>
-
-
-<li>Given the following set of insertions:<br/>
-
-<span class="name">CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k, v1)</span><br/>
-<span class="name">CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k, v2)</span><br/>
-
-it follows that <span class="name">v1==v2</span>.</li></p>
-
-
-<li> The state of a collection is only known to the extent that a chain of derivations starting from an empty collection can be found. Since a set of assertions regarding a collection's evolution may be incomplete, so is the reconstructed state obtained by querying those assertions. In general, all assertions reflect the asserter's partial knowledge of a sequence of data transformation events. In the particular case of collection evolution, in which the asserter <em>knows</em> that some of the state changes may have been missed, then the more generic <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> relation should be used to signal that some updates may have occurred, which cannot be precisely asserted as insertions or removals. The following two examples illustrate this.
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
- entity(c, [prov:type="collection"]) // e is a collection, possibly not empty
- entity(v1)
- entity(v2, [prov:type="collection"]) // v2 is a collection
-
- CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 <em>includes</em> { (k1,v1) } but may contain additional unknown pairs
- CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, k2, v2) // c2 includes { (k1,v1), (k2 v2) } where v2 is a collection with unknown state
-</pre>
-</div>
- In the example, the state of <span class="name">c2</span> is only partially known because the collection is constructed from partially known other collections.
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
- entity(c, [prov:type="emptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection
- entity(v1)
- entity(v2)
-
- CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 = { (k1,v1) }
- wasDerivedFrom(c2, c1) // the asserted knows that c2 is somehow derived from c1, but cannot assert the precise sequence of updates
- CollectionAfterInsertion(c3, c2, k2, v2)
-</pre>
-</div>
-Here <span class="name">c3</span> includes <span class="name">{ (k2 v2) }</span> but the earlier "gap" leaves uncertainty regarding <span class="name">(k1,v1)</span> (it may have been removed) or any other pair that may have been added as part of the derivation activities.</li></p>
--->
-</ul>
-<div class='note'>Deleted further items. Some of them are constraints which belong to part 2.</div>
-
-
-</section> <!-- end collections-->
-
-
-</section>
-
-<!-- end sec. 5 -->
-
- <section id="extensibility-section">
-<h2>PROV-DM Extensibility Points</h2>
-
-
-<p>The PROV data model provides several extensibility points that allow designers to specialize it to specific applications or domains. We summarize these extensibility points here:
-
-<ul>
-<li> Attributes occur in all elements and relations of the data model. Applications are free to introduce
-application-specific attributes, according to their perspective on the world. Attributes for a given application can be distinguished by qualifying them with a prefix denoting a namespace
-declared in a namespace declaration.
-
-<p>The <a href="#prov-dm-namespace">PROV-DM namespace</a> declares a set of reserved attributes catering for extensibility: <span class="name">type</span>, <span
-class="name">location</span>.</li>
-
-
-<li> Sets of Attribute-value pairs offer a mechanism to
-describe modalities of use, generation, activity association, and responsibility chain.
-Such attributes are also qualified by namespaces.
-
-<p>To this end, the <a href="#prov-dm-namespace">PROV-DM namespace</a> declares a reserved attribute: <span class="name">role</span>.</p></li>
-
-
-<li>Notes allow arbitrary metadata to be associated with anything identifiable in PROV-DM. Notes consist of name-value pairs. Like attributes, names are qualified by a
-namespace.</li>
-
-
-<li>Namespaces allow attributes and names to be qualified. </li>
-
-<li>Sub-typing of elements and relations is allowed by means of the reserved attribute <span class="name">type</span>.</li>
-
-<li>Domain specific values can be expressed by means of typed literals. </li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>The PROV data model is designed to be application and technology independent, but specializations of PROV-DM are welcome and encouraged. To ensure interoperability, specializations of
-the PROV data model that exploit the extensibility points summarized in this section MUST preserve the semantics specified in the PROV-DM documents (part 1 to 3). </p>
-
-
-
- </section>
-
-
-
-<section id="FurtherConsiderations">
-<h4>Data Model Constraints</h4>
-
-
-<ul>
-
-<li>This specification defines PROV-DM, a data model that allows
-descriptions of the people, institutions, entities, and activities,
-involved in producing, influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a
-thing to be expressed. However, with this data model, it is also possible to compose
-descriptions that would not make sense: for instance, one could
-express that an entity was used before it was generated, or that the
-activity that generated an entity began its existence after the entity
-generation. A set of consistency constraints have been defined for PROV-DM and
-can be found in a companion specification [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]].
-They can be used by asserters as a guideline for composing provenance descriptions that are consistent, and
-by implementers of reasoning engines. </li>
-
-
-
-<li>
-<p> The example of <a href="#prov-dm-example">section 3</a> contains identifiers such as <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span>, which denotes a specific version of a technical report. On the other hand, a URI such as <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a> points to the latest version of a document. One needs to ensure that provenance descriptions for the latter document remain valid as denoted resources change. </p>
-
-<p>To this end, PROV-DM allows asserters to describe "<em>partial states</em>" of entities by means of attributes and associated values. Some further constraints apply to the use of these attributes, since the values associated with them are expected to remain unchanged for some period of time. The constraints associated to attributes are also specified in the companion specification [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]].</p>
-
-
-</li>
-
-
-<li>The existence of some mechanism(s) by which a set of provenance descriptions can be bundled up and named is assumed. No such mechanism is considered as mature for standardization, and therefore such mechanisms remain outside the scope of PROV-DM. Various ways of achieving this functionality exist, for instance, by:
-<ul>
-<li> bundling up a set of descriptions in a file and exposing it as a Web resource;</li>
-<li> relying on specific serializations to name bundles of descriptions;</li>
-<li> using the idea of a service that is capable of associating provenance descriptions to whom they are attributed to.</li>
-</ul>
-<p>Even though a mechanism for blundling up provenance descriptions and naming them is not part of PROV-DM, the idea of a bundle of descriptions is crucial to the PROV approach. Indeed, it allows multiple provenance perspectives to be provided for a given entity. It is also the mechanism by which provenance of provenance can be expressed. Such a named bundle is being referred to as an <dfn>account</dfn> and is regarded as an <a title="concept-accountEntity">AccountEntity</a> so that its provenance can be expressed. The notion of account is specified in the companion specification [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]], as well as constraint that <dfn>structurally well-formed</dfn> descriptions are expected to satisfy.</p>
-</li>
-
-
-</ul>
-
-
-</section>
-
-<div id="glossary_div" class="remove">
-<!-- glossary loaded from glossary.js will be hooked up here,
- class remove, will remove this element from the final output.
--->
-</div>
-
- </body>
-</html>
Binary file model/working-copy/traceability-inferences.png has changed
--- a/model/working-copy/wd5-prov-dm-alternate.html Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,362 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-
-<html><head>
- <title>PROV-DM Part 1: Alternate/specialization</title>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
- <!--
- === NOTA BENE ===
- For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
- out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
- -->
-<!-- PM -->
- <style type="text/css">
- .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
- </style>
-
- <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
- <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
- <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" class="remove"></script>
-
- <script src="../glossary.js" class="remove"></script>
-
- <script class="remove">
- function updateGlossaryRefs() {
- $('.glossary-ref').each(function(index) {
- var ref=$(this).attr('ref');
- var span=$(this).attr('withspan')
- $(this).removeAttr('withspan');
- $(this).removeAttr('ref');
-
- $('#'+ref+'.glossary').contents().clone().appendTo($(this));
- $(this).attr("prov:hadOriginalSource",glossary_hg);
- if (span) {
- $(this).children('dfn').replaceWith(function(){return $('<span>').addClass('dfn').append($(this).contents())});
- }
- });
- }
- $(document).ready(function(){
- // if glossary is in a string:
- $('#glossary_div').html(glossary_string)
- updateGlossaryRefs();
- });
-
- </script>
-
- <script class="remove">
- var addExtraReferences = function() {
- for (var k in extraReferences)
- berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
- };
- var extraReferences = {
- "CLOCK":
- "Lamport, L. "+
- "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
- "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
- "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
- "CSP":
- "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
- "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
- "Logic":
- "W. E. Johnson"+
- "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
- "1924. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
- "PROV-SEM":
- "James Cheney "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Work in progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
-
- "PROV-PRIMER":
- "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
-
- "PROV-O":
- "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-DM":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\"><cite>PROV-DM Constraints</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a>",
-
- "PROV-N":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\"><cite>PROV-N ....</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a>",
-
- "PROV-AQ":
- "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
- };
- var respecConfig = {
- // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
- specStatus: "ED",
-
- // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
- shortName: "prov-dm",
-
- // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
- // formal title, define it here
- subtitle : "Towards WD5",
-
-
- // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
- // publishDate: "2011-10-18",
-
- // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
- // the start date here:
- // copyrightStart: "2005"
-
- // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
- // and its maturity status
- previousPublishDate: "2012-02-02",
- previousMaturity: "WD",
-
- // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
- edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html",
-
- // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
- // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
-
- // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
- // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
- extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "./extra.css"],
-
- // editors, add as many as you like
- // only "name" is required
- editors: [
- { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
- company: "University of Southampton" },
- { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
- company: "Newcastle University" },
- ],
-
- // authors, add as many as you like.
- // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
- // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
-
- authors: [
- { name: "Khalid Belhajjame", url: "http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Khalid_Belhajjame",
- company: "University of Manchester" },
- { name: "Stephen Cresswell",
- company: "legislation.gov.uk"},
- { name: "Yolanda Gil",
- company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.isi.edu/~gil/"},
- { name: "Reza B'Far",
- company: "Oracle Corporation" },
- { name: "Paul Groth", url: "http://www.few.vu.nl/~pgroth/",
- company: "VU University of Amsterdam" },
- { name: "Graham Klyne",
- company: "University of Oxford" },
- { name: "Jim McCusker", url: "http://tw.rpi.edu/web/person/JamesMcCusker",
- company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute" },
- { name: "Simon Miles",
- company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/simonm/" },
- { name: "James Myers", url:"http://www.rpi.edu/research/ccni/",
- company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute"},
- { name: "Satya Sahoo", url:"http://cci.case.edu/cci/index.php/Satya_Sahoo",
- company: "Case Western Reserve University" },
- ],
-
- // name of the WG
- wg: "Provenance Working Group",
-
- // URI of the public WG page
- wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
-
- // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
- wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
-
- // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
- // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
- // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
- // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
- // Team Contact.
- wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
-
- // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
- preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
- };
- </script>
- </head>
- <body>
-
-
-<section id="abstract">
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="sotd">
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<section id="component4">
-<h3>Component 4: Alternate Entities</h3>
-
-
-<p>The fourth component of PROV-DM is concerned with
-relations <a>specialization</a> and <a>alternate</a> between entities.
-Figure <a href="#figure-component4">figure-component4</a> overviews
-the component.
-</p>
-
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
-<figure>
-<img src="../images/Alternates.png" alt="alternates"/>
-<figcaption id="figure-component4">Alternates Component Overview</figcaption>
-</figure>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<p>Wherever two people describe the provenance of a same thing,
-one cannot expect them to coordinate and agree on the identifiers to use to denote that thing.</p>
-<div class="anexample" id="entity-example">
-<p>User Alice writes an article. In its provenance, she wishes to refer to the precise version of the article with a date-specific URI, as she might edit the article later. Alternatively, user Bob refers to the article in general, indepedently of its variants over time.</p>
-</div>
-<p>
-To allow for identifiers to be chosen freely and independently by each user, the PROV data model introduces relations
-that allow entities to be linked together.
-The following two relations are introduced for expressing specialized or alternate entities. </p>
-
-
-<section id="term-specialization">
-
-<h4>Specialization</h4>
-
-
-<span class="glossary" id="glossary-specialization">
-An entity is a <dfn id="concept-alternate">specialization</dfn> of another if they both refer to some common thing
-but the former is a more constrained entity than the former. The common entity does not need to be identified.
-</span>
-Examples of constraints include a time period, an abstraction, and a context associated with the entity.
-
-
-
-
-<p>
-<div class="attributes" id="attributes-specialization">A <dfn title="specializationOf">specialization</dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">specializationOf(sub, super)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has the following constituents:
-
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="specialization.specializedEntity">specializedEntity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">sub</span>) of the specialized entity;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="specialization.generalEntity">generalEntity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">super</span>) of the entity that is being specialized.</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-specialization">
-<p>
-The BBC news home page on 2012-03-23 <span class="name">ex:bbcNews2012-03-23</span>
-is a specialization of the BBC news page in general
- <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/">bbc:news/</a>. This can be expressed as follows.
-<pre class="codeexample">
-specializationOf(ex:bbcNews2012-03-23, bbc:news/)
-</pre>
-Given that the BBC news does not define a URI for today's news page, we are creating a qualified name in the namespace <span class="name">ex</span>.
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-<!--
-<p>To promote take up of these relations, it is not specified whether they are transitive or symmetric. We anticipate that applications will specialize these relations according to their needs. </p>
--->
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-alternate">
-
-<h4>Alternate</h4>
-
-
-<span class="glossary" id="glossary-alternate">
-An entity is <dfn id="concept-alternate">alternate</dfn> of another if they are both a specialization of some common entity.
-The common entity does not need to be identified.
-</span>
-
-
-
-
-<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-alternate">An <dfn title="alternateOf">alternate</dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">alternateOf(e1, e2)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has the following constituents:
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="alternate.alternate1">alternate1</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e1</span>) of the first of the two entities;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="alternate.alternate2">alternate2</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e2</span>) of the second of the two entities.</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-alternate">
-<p>
-A given news item on the BBC News site
- <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17526723">bbc:news/science-environment-17526723</a> for desktop
-is an alternate of a
- <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/mobile/science-environment-17526723">bbc:news/mobile/science-environment-17526723</a> for mobile devices.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(bbc:news/science-environment-17526723, [ prov:type="a news item"])
-entity(bbc:news/mobile/science-environment-17526723, [ prov:type="a news item"])
-alternateOf(bbc:news/science-environment-17526723, bbc:news/mobile/science-environment-17526723)
-</pre>
-<p>They are both specialization of an (unspecified) entity. </p>
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-alternate2">
-<p>
-Considering again the two versions of the technical report <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> (second working draft) and <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span> (first working draft). They are alternate of each other.
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018)
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215)
-alternateOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018,tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215)
-</pre>
-<p>They are both specialization of the page <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>.</p>
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-<div class='issue'>A discussion on alternative definition of these relations has not yet reached a satisfactory conclusion. This is <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/29">ISSUE-29</a>. Also <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/96">ISSUE-96</a>.</div>
-
-</section>
-
-<div id="glossary_div" class="remove">
-<!-- glossary loaded from glossary.js will be hooked up here,
- class remove, will remove this element from the final output.
--->
-</div>
-
- </body>
-</html>
--- a/model/working-copy/wd5-prov-dm-collections.html Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,340 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-
-<html><head>
- <title>PROV-DM new version of Collections</title>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
- <!--
- === NOTA BENE ===
- For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
- out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
- -->
-<!-- PM -->
- <style type="text/css">
- .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
- </style>
-
- <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
- <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
- <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" class="remove"></script>
-
- <script src="../glossary.js" class="remove"></script>
-
- <script class="remove">
- function updateGlossaryRefs() {
- $('.glossary-ref').each(function(index) {
- var ref=$(this).attr('ref');
- var span=$(this).attr('withspan')
- $('#'+ref+'.glossary').contents().clone().appendTo($(this));
- $(this).attr('prov:hadOriginalSource',glossary_hg);
- if (span) {
- $(this).children('dfn').replaceWith(function(){return $('<span>').addClass('dfn').append($(this).contents())});
- }
- });
- }
- $(document).ready(function(){
- // if glossary is in a string:
- $('#glossary_div').html(glossary_string)
- updateGlossaryRefs();
- });
-
- </script>
-
- <script class="remove">
- var addExtraReferences = function() {
- for (var k in extraReferences)
- berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
- };
- var extraReferences = {
- "CLOCK":
- "Lamport, L. "+
- "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
- "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
- "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
- "CSP":
- "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
- "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
- "Logic":
- "W. E. Johnson"+
- "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
- "1924. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
- "PROV-SEM":
- "James Cheney "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Work in progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
-
- "PROV-PRIMER":
- "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
-
- "PROV-O":
- "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-DM":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\"><cite>PROV-DM Constraints</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a>",
-
- "PROV-ASN":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\"><cite>PROV-ASN ....</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/</a>",
-
- "PROV-AQ":
- "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
- };
- var respecConfig = {
- // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
- specStatus: "ED",
-
- // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
- shortName: "prov-dm",
-
- // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
- // formal title, define it here
- subtitle : "Draft proposal (to be incorporated in Editor's Draft)",
-
-
- // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
- // publishDate: "2011-10-18",
-
- // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
- // the start date here:
- // copyrightStart: "2005"
-
- // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
- // and its maturity status
- previousPublishDate: "2012-02-02",
- previousMaturity: "WD",
-
- // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
- edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html",
-
- // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
- // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
-
- // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
- // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
- extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "../extra.css"],
-
- // editors, add as many as you like
- // only "name" is required
- editors: [
- { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
- company: "University of Southampton" },
- { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
- company: "Newcastle University" },
- ],
-
- // authors, add as many as you like.
- // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
- // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
-
- authors: [
- { name: "Khalid Belhajjame", url: "http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Khalid_Belhajjame",
- company: "University of Manchester" },
- { name: "Stephen Cresswell",
- company: "legislation.gov.uk"},
- { name: "Yolanda Gil",
- company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.isi.edu/~gil/"},
- { name: "Reza B'Far",
- company: "Oracle Corporation" },
- { name: "Paul Groth", url: "http://www.few.vu.nl/~pgroth/",
- company: "VU University of Amsterdam" },
- { name: "Graham Klyne",
- company: "University of Oxford" },
- { name: "Jim McCusker", url: "http://tw.rpi.edu/web/person/JamesMcCusker",
- company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute" },
- { name: "Simon Miles",
- company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/simonm/" },
- { name: "James Myers", url:"http://www.rpi.edu/research/ccni/",
- company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute"},
- { name: "Satya Sahoo", url:"http://cci.case.edu/cci/index.php/Satya_Sahoo",
- company: "Case Western Reserve University" },
- ],
-
- // name of the WG
- wg: "Provenance Working Group",
-
- // URI of the public WG page
- wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
-
- // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
- wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
-
- // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
- // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
- // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
- // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
- // Team Contact.
- wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
-
- // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
- preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
- };
- </script>
- </head>
- <body>
-
- <section id="abstract">
- </section>
-
-
-
-<section id="term-Collection">
-<h3>Collections</h3>
-
-<section id="collection-constraints">
-<h3>PROV-DM Collection Constraints and further considerations [to go in part II]</h3>
-
-<div class='constraint' id='collection-unique-derivation'/>
-
-
- <p>One cannot have multiple assertions that define the state of a collection by means of insertions and removal relations. Thus:</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"])
-entity(c2, [prov:type="Collection"])
-entity(c, [prov:type="Collection"])
-
-derivedByInsertionFrom(c, c1, {(k1, v1), (k2, v2)})
-derivedByInsertionFrom(c, c2, {(k3, v3)})
-</pre>
-is not allowed (unless the two sets were identical, in which case one of the two statements would be redundant)<p/>
-
- In particular, one cannot derive the state of a collection from another using multiple statements. Thus: <p/>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-derivedByInsertionFrom(id1, c, c1, {(k1, v1), (k2, v2)})
-derivedByInsertionFrom(id2, c, c1, {(k3, v3), (k4, v4)})
-</pre>
- is not allowed.<p/>
-
-The same applies to removal and combinations of insertions and removals, for example:
-
-<pre class="codeexample">
-derivedByInsertionFrom(c, c1, {(k1, v1)})
-derivedByRemovalFrom(c, c2, {k2})
-</pre>
- is not allowed.
-</div>
-
-
-<div class='constraint' id='collection-unique-value-for-key'>
- Keys are unique within a collection. Thus:
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(c, [prov:type="Collection"])
-entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"])
-
-derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c, {(k, v1), ...})
-derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c, {(k, v2)}, ...)
-</pre>
-implies <span class="name">v1==v2</span>.
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="further-considerations">
-<h3>Further considerations.</h3>
-
-
-<section id="Collection-branching">
-<h3>Collection branching.</h3>
-
-It is possible to have multiple derivations from a single root collection, as long as the resulting entities are distinct, as shown in the following example.
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
- entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection
- entity(v1)
- entity(v2)
- entity(v3)
- entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"])
- entity(c2, [prov:type="Collection"])
- entity(c3, [prov:type="Collection"])
-
- derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c, {(k1, v1)})
- derivedByInsertionFrom(c2, c, {(k2, v2)})
- derivedByInsertionFrom(c3, c1, {(k3,v3)})
-</pre>
- From this set of assertions, we conclude:
- <pre class="codeexample">
- c1 = { (k1,v1) }
- c2 = { (k2 v2) }
- c3 = { (k1,v1), (k3,v3) }
- </pre>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="collections-derivation">
-
-<h3>State of collections and use of weaker <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> relation</h3>
-
-<p>The state of a collection is only known to the extent that a chain of derivations starting from an empty collection can be found. Since a set of assertions regarding a collection's evolution may be incomplete, so is the reconstructed state obtained by querying those assertions. In general, all assertions reflect partial knowledge reagrding a sequence of data transformation events. In the particular case of collection evolution, in which some of the state changes may have been missed, the more generic <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> relation should be used to signal that some updates may have occurred, which cannot be precisely asserted as insertions or removals. The following two examples illustrate this.</p>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
- entity(c, [prov:type="Collection"]) // c is a collection, possibly not empty
- entity(v1)
- entity(v2, [prov:type="Collection"]) // v2 is a collection
-
- derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c, {(k1, v1)})
- derivedByInsertionFrom(c2, c1, {(k2, v2)})
- </pre>
- From this set of assertions, we conclude:
- <pre class="codeexample">
- c1 includes (k1,v1) but may contain additional unknown pairs
- c2 includes (k1,v1), (k2 v2) (and possibly more pairs), where v2 is a collection with unknown state
- </pre>
-
- </div>
- In the example, the state of <span class="name">c2</span> is only partially known because the collection is constructed from partially known other collections.
-
- <div class="anexample">
- <pre class="codeexample">
- entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"]) // c is an empty collection
- entity(v1)
- entity(v2)
- entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"])
- entity(c2, [prov:type="Collection"])
- entity(c3, [prov:type="Collection"])
-
- derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c, {(k1, v1)})
- wasDerivedFrom(c2, c1)
- derivedByInsertionFrom(c3, c2, {(k2, v2)})
- </pre>
- From this set of assertions, we conclude:
- <pre class="codeexample">
- c1 = { (k1,v1) }
- c2 is somehow derived from c1, but the precise sequence of updates is unknown
- c3 includes (k2 v2) but the earlier "gap" leaves uncertainty regarding (k1,v1) <br/> (it may have been removed) or any other pair that may have been added as part of the derivation activities.
- </pre>
- </div>
-
-</section>
-
-
-</section> <!-- end of collections -->
-
-
-
--- a/model/working-copy/wd5-prov-dm-components.html Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,2538 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-
-<html><head>
- <title>PROV-DM Part 1: The Provenance Data Model</title>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
- <!--
- === NOTA BENE ===
- For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
- out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
- -->
-<!-- PM -->
- <style type="text/css">
- .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
- </style>
-
- <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
- <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
- <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" class="remove"></script>
-
- <script src="../glossary.js" class="remove"></script>
-
- <script class="remove">
- function updateGlossaryRefs() {
- $('.glossary-ref').each(function(index) {
- var ref=$(this).attr('ref');
- var span=$(this).attr('withspan')
- $(this).removeAttr('withspan');
- $(this).removeAttr('ref');
-
- $('#'+ref+'.glossary').contents().clone().appendTo($(this));
- $(this).attr("prov:hadOriginalSource",glossary_hg);
- if (span) {
- $(this).children('dfn').replaceWith(function(){return $('<span>').addClass('dfn').append($(this).contents())});
- }
- });
- }
- $(document).ready(function(){
- // if glossary is in a string:
- $('#glossary_div').html(glossary_string)
- updateGlossaryRefs();
- });
-
- </script>
-
- <script class="remove">
- var addExtraReferences = function() {
- for (var k in extraReferences)
- berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
- };
- var extraReferences = {
- "CLOCK":
- "Lamport, L. "+
- "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
- "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
- "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
- "CSP":
- "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
- "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
- "Logic":
- "W. E. Johnson"+
- "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
- "1924. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
- "PROV-SEM":
- "James Cheney "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Work in progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
-
- "PROV-PRIMER":
- "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
-
- "PROV-O":
- "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-DM":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\"><cite>PROV-DM Constraints</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a>",
-
- "PROV-N":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\"><cite>PROV-N ....</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a>",
-
- "PROV-AQ":
- "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
- };
- var respecConfig = {
- // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
- specStatus: "ED",
-
- // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
- shortName: "prov-dm",
-
- // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
- // formal title, define it here
- subtitle : "Restructuring of PROV-DM presentation for WD5",
-
-
- // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
- // publishDate: "2011-10-18",
-
- // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
- // the start date here:
- // copyrightStart: "2005"
-
- // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
- // and its maturity status
- previousPublishDate: "2012-02-02",
- previousMaturity: "WD",
-
- // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
- edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/working-copy/wd5-prov-dm-components.html",
-
- // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
- // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
-
- // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
- // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
- extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "../extra.css"],
-
- // editors, add as many as you like
- // only "name" is required
- editors: [
- { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
- company: "University of Southampton" },
- { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
- company: "Newcastle University" },
- ],
-
- // authors, add as many as you like.
- // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
- // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
-
- authors: [
- { name: "Khalid Belhajjame", url: "http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Khalid_Belhajjame",
- company: "University of Manchester" },
- { name: "Stephen Cresswell",
- company: "legislation.gov.uk"},
- { name: "Yolanda Gil",
- company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.isi.edu/~gil/"},
- { name: "Reza B'Far",
- company: "Oracle Corporation" },
- { name: "Paul Groth", url: "http://www.few.vu.nl/~pgroth/",
- company: "VU University of Amsterdam" },
- { name: "Graham Klyne",
- company: "University of Oxford" },
- { name: "Jim McCusker", url: "http://tw.rpi.edu/web/person/JamesMcCusker",
- company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute" },
- { name: "Simon Miles",
- company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/simonm/" },
- { name: "James Myers", url:"http://www.rpi.edu/research/ccni/",
- company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute"},
- { name: "Satya Sahoo", url:"http://cci.case.edu/cci/index.php/Satya_Sahoo",
- company: "Case Western Reserve University" },
- ],
-
- // name of the WG
- wg: "Provenance Working Group",
-
- // URI of the public WG page
- wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
-
- // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
- wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
-
- // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
- // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
- // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
- // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
- // Team Contact.
- wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
-
- // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
- preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
- };
- </script>
- </head>
- <body>
-
- <section id="abstract">
- <div class="note">TO EDIT</div>
-<p>
-PROV-DM is a data model for provenance that describes
-the entities, people and activities involved in
-producing a piece of data or thing in the world. PROV-DM is
-domain-agnostic, but is equipped with extensibility points allowing
-further domain-specific and application-specific extensions to be
-defined. PROV-DM is accompanied by PROV-N, a technology-independent
-notation, which allows serializations of PROV-DM
-instances to be created for human consumption, which facilitates the
-mapping of PROV-DM to concrete syntax, and which is used as the basis for a
-formal semantics of PROV-DM.
-</p>
- </section>
-
-<section id="sotd">
- <div class="note">TO EDIT</div>
-<section id="prov-family">
-<!-- <h3>Prov Family of Specifications</h3>-->
-This document is part of the PROV family of specifications, a set of specifications aiming to define the various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
-interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. This document defines the PROV-DM data model for provenance, accompanied with a notation to express
-instances of that data model for human consumption. Other documents are:
-<ul>
-<li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS, a set of constraints applying to the PROV-DM data model,</li>
-<li> PROV-N, a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption,</li>
-<li> PROV-O, the provenance ontology: by means of a mapping of PROV-DM to the OWL2 Web Ontology Language, this specification provides a normative serialization of PROV-DM in RDF</li>
-<li> PROV-AQ, provenance access and query: the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance; </li>
-<li> PROV-PRIMER: a primer for the PROV-DM provenance data model,</li>
-<li> PROV-SEM: a formal semantics for the PROV-DM provenance data model.</li>
-</ul>
-</section>
-</section>
-
-
-
-<!-- <div class="buttonpanel">
-<form action="#"><p>
-<input id="hide-asn" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','withAsn','none');set_display_by_class('span','withAsn','none'); set_display_by_id('hide-asn','none'); set_display_by_id('show-asn','');" type="button"
-value="Hide ASN" />
-<input id="show-asn" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','withAsn',''); set_display_by_class('span','withAsn',''); set_display_by_id('hide-asn',''); set_display_by_id('show-asn','none');" style="display: none"
-type="button" value="Show ASN" />
-</p>
-</form>
-</div>
--->
-
-
-
-
- <section id="introduction">
- <h2>Introduction<br>
-</h2>
-
-<p>
-For the purpose of this specification, <dfn>provenance</dfn> is defined as a record that describes the people,
-institutions, entities, and activities, involved in producing,
-influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a thing in the world.
-In particular, the provenance of information is crucial in deciding
-whether information is to be trusted, how it should be integrated with
-other diverse information sources, and how to give credit to its
-originators when reusing it. In an open and inclusive environment
-such as the Web, where users find information that is often contradictory or
-questionable, provenance can help those users to make trust judgements.
-</p>
-
-
-<p>
-The idea that a single way of representing and collecting provenance could be adopted internally by all systems does not seem to be realistic today. Instead, a pragmatic approach is to
-consider a core data model for provenance that allows domain and application specific representations of provenance to be translated into such a data model and exchanged between systems.
-Heterogeneous systems can then export their provenance into such a core data model, and applications that need to make sense of provenance in heterogeneous systems can then import it,
-process it, and reason over it.</p>
-
-<p>Thus, the vision is that different provenance-aware systems natively adopt their own model for representing their provenance, but a core provenance data model can be readily adopted as a
-provenance <em>interchange</em> model across such systems.</p>
-
-<p>A set of specifications, referred to as the PROV family of specifications, define the various aspects
-that are necessary to achieve this vision in an interoperable
-way:</p>
-<ul>
-<li>A data model for provenance, which is presented in three documents:
-<ul>
-<li> PROV-DM (part I): the provenance data model itself, expressed in natural language (this document);
-<li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS (part II): constraints underpinning the data model [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]];
-<li> PROV-N (part III): a notation to express instances of that data model for human consumption [[PROV-N]];
-</ul>
-</li>
-
-<li>PROV-O: a normative serialization of PROV-DM in RDF [[!PROV-O]], specified by means of a mapping to the OWL2 Web Ontology Language [[!OWL2-SYNTAX]];</li>
-<li>PROV-AQ: the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [[PROV-AQ]];</li>
-<li>PROV-PRIMER: a primer for the PROV approach [[PROV-PRIMER]];</li>
-<li>PROV-SEM: semantics of the PROV-DM data model [[PROV-SEM]];</li>
-</ul>
-
-
-<p>
-The PROV-DM data model for provenance consists of a set of core
-concepts, and a few common relations, based on these core concepts. PROV-DM is a domain-agnostic model, but with clear extensibility points allowing further domain-specific and
-application-specific extensions to be defined.</p>
-
-<p>This specification intentionally presents the key concepts of the PROV Data Model, without drilling down into all its subtleties. Using these key concepts, it becomes possible to write useful provenance assertions very quickly, and publish or embed them along side the data they relate to. </p>
-
-<p>However, if data changes, then it is challenging to express its provenance precisely, like it would be for any other form of metadata. To address this challenge, an <em>upgrade path</em> is proposed to enrich simple provenance, with extra-descriptions that help qualify the specific subject of provenance and provenance itself, with attributes and interval, intended to satisfy a comprehensive set of constraints. These aspects are covered in the companion specification [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]].
-</p>
-
-
- <section id="structure-of-this-document">
-<h3>Structure of this Document</h3>
-
-<p><a href="#prov-dm-overview">Section 2</a> provides an overview of PROV-DM listing its core types and their relations.</p>
-
-<p>In <a href="#prov-dm-example">section 3</a>, PROV-DM is
-applied to a short scenario, encoded in PROV-N, and illustrated
-graphically.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#data-model-concepts">Section 4</a> provides the definition of PROV-DM constructs.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#common-relations">Section 5</a> introduces further relations offered by PROV-DM, including relations for data collections and domain-independent common relations.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#extensibility-section">Section 6</a> summarizes PROV-DM extensibility points.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#FurtherConsiderations">Section 7</a> introduces constraints that can be applied to the PROV data model
-and that are covered in [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]].</p>
-
-
- </section>
-
-<section id="prov-dm-namespace">
- <h3>PROV-DM Namespace</h3>
-
-
-<p>The PROV-DM namespace is <span class="name">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-dm/</span> (TBC).</p>
-
-<p> All the elements, relations, reserved names and attributes introduced in this specification belong to the PROV-DM namespace.</p>
-
-<div class="issue">
-There is a desire to use a single namespace that all specifications of the PROV family can share to refer to common provenance terms. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/224">ISSUE-224</a>.
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-
- <section id="conventions">
-<h3>Conventions</h3>
-
-
-
-<p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
- NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
- "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
- [[!RFC2119]].</p>
- </section>
-
-</section>
-
-
-
- <section id='conceptualization'>
-<h1>Overview</h1>
-
-<p>This section provides an overview of the main concepts found in the PROV data model. </p>
-
-
-
- <section id='section-entity-activity-agent'>
-<h2>Entity, Activity, Agent</h2>
-
-
-<p>PROV-DM is a data model for describing the provenance of <em>Entities</em>, that is, of things in the world. The term "Things" encompasses a broad diversity of concepts, including digital objects such as a file or web page,
-physical things such as a building or a printed book, or a car as well as abstract concepts and ideas. One can regard any Web resource as an example of Entity in this context. </p>
-
-<p>
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-entity" withspan="true">
-</div>
-
-
-
-<div class="anexample" id="entity-example">
-<p>An entity may be the document at URI <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>, a file in a file system, a car or an idea.</p>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<p>
-<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-activity" withspan="true"></span> Activities that operate on digital entities may for example move, copy, or duplicate them.
-</p>
-
-
-
-<div class="anexample" id="activity-example">
-<p>An activity may be the publishing of a document on the web, sending a twitter message, extracting metadata embedded in a file, or driving a car from Boston to Cambridge, assembling a data set based on a set of measurements, performing a statistical analysis over a data set, sorting news items according to some criteria, running a SPARQL query over a triple store, and editing a file.</p>
-</div>
-
-
-<p>
-<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-agent" withspan="true">
-</span>
-</p>
-
-
-<p>The motivation for introducing agents in the model is to denote the agent's responsibility for activities.
-The definition of agent intentionally stays away from using concepts such as enabling, causing, initiating, affecting, etc, because many entities also enable, cause, initiate, and affect in some way
-the activities. Concepts such as initiating are themselves defined as relations between agent and activities. So the notion of having some degree of responsibility is really what makes an agent.</p>
-
-
-<p>An agent is a particular type of Entity. This means that the model can be
- used to express provenance of the agents themselves. </p>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="agent-example">
-<p>
-Software for checking the use of grammar in a document may be defined as an agent of a document preparation activity, and at the same time one can describe its provenance, including for instance the vendor and the version history.</p>
-</div>
-</section>
-
-
-
- <section id="section-generation-usage-derivation">
-<h2>Generation, Usage, Derivation</h2>
-
-<p>Activities and entities are associated with each other in two different ways: activities are consumers of entities and activities are producers of entities. The act of producing or consuming an entity may have a duration.
- The term 'generation' refers to the completion of the the act of producing; likewise, the term 'usage' refers to the beginning of the act of consuming entities. Thus, we define the following notions of generation and usage. </p>
-
-<p>
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-generation" withspan="true">
-</div>
-
-
-<p>
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-usage" withspan="true">
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-<p><div class="anexample" id="generation-example">
-Examples of generation are the completed creation of a file by a
-program, the completed creation of a linked data set, and the completed
-publication of a new version of a document.
-</div>
-
-
-<p>
-<div class="anexample" id="usage-example">
-Usage examples include a procedure beginning to consume an argument, a service starting to read a value on a port, a program beginning to read a configuration
-file, or the point at which an ingredient, such as eggs, is being added in a baking activity. Usage may entirely consume an entity (e.g. eggs are no longer available after being added to
-the mix); alternatively, a same entity may be used multiple times, possibly by different activities (e.g. a file on a file system can be read indefinitely).
-</div>
-
-
-<p>Activities are consumers of entities and producers of entities. In some case, the consumption of an entity influences the creation of another in some way. This notion is captured by derivations, defined as follows.</p>
-
-<p>
-<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-derivation" withspan="true"></span>
-
-
-
-<div class="anexample" id="derivation-example">
-<p>Examples of derivation include the transformation of a relational table into a
-linked data set, the transformation of a canvas into a painting, the transportation of a work of art from London to New York, and a physical transformation such as the melting of ice into water.</p>
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
- <section id="section-types-entities-agents">
-<h2>Types of Entities and Agents</h2>
-
-<p>There are some useful types of entities and agents that are commonly encountered in applications making data and documents available on the Web; we introduce them in this section. </p>
-
-<p>
-<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-plan" withspan="true">
-</span>
-PROV-DM is not
-prescriptive about the nature of plans, their representation, the
-actions or steps they consist of, or their intended goals. Since plans may evolve over time,
-it may become necessary to track their provenance, so plans themselves are
-entities. Representing the plan explicitly in the provenance can be useful for various tasks: for example, to
-validate the execution as represented in the provenance record, to
-manage expectation failures, or to provide explanations.</p>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="plan-example">
-<p>
-A plan can be a blog post tutorial for how to set up a web server, a list of instructions for a micro-processor execution, a cook's written recipe for a chocolate cake, or a workflow for a scientific experiment.
-</p>
-</div>
-
-<p>
-<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-collection" withspan="true"></span> This concept allows for the provenance of the collection, but also of its constituents to be expressed. Such a notion of collection corresponds to a wide variety of concrete data structures, such as a <em>maps</em>, <em>dictionaries</em> or <em>associative arrays</em>.</p>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="collection-example">
-<p>
-An example of collection is an archive of documents. Each document has its own provenance, but the archive itself also has some provenance: who maintained it, which documents it contained at which point in time, how it was assembled, etc.
-</div>
-
-
-<!-- alternative names: provenance record, bundle -->
-<p>
-<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-accountEntity" withspan="true">
-</span>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="account-example">
-<p>
-Having found a resource, a user may want to retrieve its
-provenance. For users to decide whether they can place their trust in
-that resource, they may want to analyze its provenance, but also determine
-who the provenance is attributed to, and when it was
-generated. Hence, from the PROV-DM data model, the provenance is
-regarded as an entity, an AccountEntity, for which provenance can be
-sought.
-</p>
-</div>
-
-
-<p>Three types of agents are recognized by PROV-DM because they are commonly encountered in applications making data and documents available on the Web: persons, software agents, and organizations.</p>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="software-agents-example">
-<p> Even software agents can be assigned some responsibility for the effects they have in the world, so for example if one is using a Text Editor and one's laptop crashes, then one would say
-that the Text Editor was responsible for crashing the laptop. If one invokes a service to buy a book, that service can be considered responsible for drawing funds from one's bank to make
-the purchase (the company that runs the service and the web site would also be responsible, but the point here is that we assign some measure of responsibility to software as well). </p>
-</div>
-<p>So when
-someone models software as an agent for an activity in the PROV-DM model, they mean the agent has some responsibility for that activity.</p>
-</section>
-
- <section id="section-responsibility">
-<h2>Activity Association and Responsibility</h2>
-
-
-
-
-
-<p>
-Agents are defined as having some kind of responsibility for activities. However, one may want to be more specific about the nature of an agent's responsibility.
-For example, a programmer and a researcher could both be
-associated with running a workflow, but it may not matter which
-programmer clicked the button to start the workflow while it would
-matter a lot which researcher told the programmer to do so. So there
-is some notion of responsibility that needs to be captured. </p>
-
-<!-- <div class="note"> to be revisited for WD5. Paolo's proposed text: "Agents are defined in sec. 2.1 as having some kind of responsibility for activities. However, one may want to be more specific regarding the degrees of an agent's responsibility. For example, ..."</div>
--->
-
-
-<p>Provenance reflects activities that have occurred. In some
-cases, those activities reflect the execution of a plan that was
-designed in advance to guide the execution. PROV-DM allows associating
-a plan to an activity, which represents what was intended to
-happen. </p>
-
-<!-- <div class="note">Proposal: remove the above para as it repeats from 2.3. Proposed text: "the <em>activity association</em> relation provides a way to indicate that an agent is responsible for an activity, possibly with an associated plan."[PM]</div> -->
-
-
-<p>
-<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-activityAssociation" withspan="true"></span>
-</p>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="association-example">
-<p>Examples of association between an activity and agent are:
-<ul>
-<li>creation of a web page under the guidance of a designer;</li>
-<li>various forms of participation in a panel discussion, including audience member, panelist, or panel chair;</li>
-<li>a public event, sponsored by a company, and hosted by a museum;</li>
-<li>an XSLT transform initiated by a user;</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-<p>
-<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-responsibility" withspan="true">
-</span> The nature of this relation is intended to be broad, including delegation or a contractual relation. </p>
-
-<!--<div class="note">Propose to rephrase as follows: <br/>
-A relation between two agents, denoted <dfn title="concept-responsibilityChain">actedOnBehalfOf</dfn> indicates that
- that a "subordinate" agent acted on behalf of a "responsible" agent, in the context of an activity. The nature of this relation is intended to be broad, including delegation or a contractual relation.
- When this relation is used transitively, i.e., one agent acts on behalf of another, who also acts on behalf of another, etc., these relations form a <dfn title="concept-responsibilityChain">responsibility chain</dfn>.
-</div>-->
-
-
-
-
-
-<div class="anexample" id="responsibilityChain-example">
-<p>A student publishing a web page describing an academic
-department could result in both the student and the department being
-agents associated with the activity, and it may not matter which
-student published a web page but it matters a lot that the department
-told the student to put up the web page.
-</p>
-</div>
-</section>
-
-
- <section id="section-UML">
-<h2>Overview Diagram</h2>
-
-<p> The following diagram summarizes the elements and relations just described</p>
-
-<div class="note">
- TODO: short text required to explain the overview diagram
-<p> add a sentence saying that it is not complete coverage of the dm in diagram.</p>
-<p>The text should say that we introduce a few relations based on the concepts introduced in section 2.1-2.4, that these relations are used in the example of section 3, and are fully defined in section 4-5.</p>
-<p>The note should also say why relations are in past tense (we had something in previous version of prov-dm)</p>
-<p>I have the impression that the diagram presented in Section 2.5 would
- > be more useful if placed at the beginning of Section 2 [KB]
-<p>There is some comments that the picture does not print well. We need to check. </p>
-<p>Add links in the svg so that we can click on the figure. </p>
-</div>
-
-
-<div style="text-align: center; ">
- <figure style="max-width: 70%; " >
-
-
-<embed src="images/OverviewDiagram.svg" width="600" height="400" alt="PROV-DM overview" type="image/svg+xml"></embed>
-
-<!--
- <img src="images/OverviewDiagram.svg" alt="PROV-DM overview" style="max-width: 70%; " />-->
-
-<figcaption>PROV-DM overview</figcaption>
- </figure>
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-</section>
-<!-- </section> -->
-
-<section id="prov-dm-example">
-<h2>Example</h2>
-
-<p>The World Wide Web Consortium publishes many technical reports. In this example, we consider a technical report, and describe its provenance. </p>
-
-<p>Specifically, we consider the second version of the PROV-DM document
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215</a>. Its provenance can be expressed from several perspectives, which we present. In the first one, provenance is concerned with the W3C process, whereas in the second one, it takes the authors' viewpoint. </p>
-
-
-<section id="section-example-a">
-<h3>The Process View</h3>
-
-
-<p style="font-style:italic; " ><b>Description:</b> The World Wide Web
-Consortium publishes technical reports according to its publication
-policy. Working drafts are published regularly to reflect the work
-accomplished by working groups. Every publication of a working draft
-must be preceded by a "publication request" to the Webmaster. The
-very first version of a technical report must also preceded by a
-"transition request" to be approved by the W3C director. All working
-drafts are made available at a unique URI. In this scenario, we consider two successive versions of a given report, the policy according they were published, and the associated requests.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-
-Concretely, in this section, we describe the kind of provenance record that the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium">WWW Consortium</a> could keep for auditors to check that due processes are followed. All entities involved in this example are Web resources, with well defined URIs (some of which locating archived email messages, available to W3C Members).</p>
-
-<ul>
-<li> Two versions of the technical report are involved: <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> (second working draft) and <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span> (first working draft);</li>
-<li> Both <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> and <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span> were published by the WWW Consortium agent (<span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium">w3:Consortium</a></span>); </li>
-<li> The publication activity for <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> is <span class="name">ex:act2</span>;</li>
-<li> The publication activity for <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span> is <span class="name">ex:act1</span>;
-</li>
-
-<li> The report <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> is derived from <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span>;</li>
-
-<li> The publication activity <span class="name">ex:act1</span> used a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq">publication request</a> (<span class="name"><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/2011Oct/0141">ar2:0141</a></span>) and a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#transreq">transition request</a> (<span class="name"><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/chairs/2011OctDec/0004">ar1:0004</a></span>);</li>
-<li> The publication activity <span class="name">ex:act2</span> used a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq">publication request</a> (<span class="name"><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/2011Dec/0111">ar3:0111</a></span>);</li>
-<li> Technical reports were published according to the process rules (<span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#rec-advance">pr:rec-advance</a></span>), a plan in PROV-DM terminology.</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>
-We now paraphrase some PROV-DM descriptions, and illustrate them with the PROV-N notation, a notation for PROV-DM aimed at human consumption. We then follow them with a graphical illustration. Full details of the provenance record can be found <a href="examples/w3c-publication1.prov-n">here</a>.
-
-<ul>
-<li>There is a technical report, a working draft on the recommendation track (<a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#RecsWD">pr:RecsWD</a>), which is regarded as an entity so that we can describe its provenance. Similar descriptions exist for all entities.
-<pre>
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
-</pre>
-</li>
-<li>There is a publication activity.
-<pre>
-activity(ex:act2,,,[prov:type="publish"])
-</pre>
-</li>
-
-<li>The technical report was generated by the publication activity: this is a <a title="concept-Generation">Generation</a>.
-<pre>
-wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:act2)
-</pre>
-</li>
-
-
-<li>The second draft of the technical report was derived from the first draft of the technical report: this is a <a title="concept-Derivation">Derivation</a>.
-<pre>
-wasDerivedFrom(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018)
-</pre>
-</li>
-
-<li>The activity required a publication request: this is a <a title="concept-Usage">Usage</a>.
-<pre>
-used(ex:act2,ar3:0111)
-</pre>
-</li>
-
-<li>The activity was associated with the Consortium agent, and proceeded according to its publication policy: this is an <a title="concept-activityAssociation">Activity Association</a>.
-<pre>
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:act2, w3:Consortium @ pr:rec-advance)
-</pre>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>
-Provenance descriptions can be <em>illustrated</em> graphically. The illustration is not intended to represent all the details of the model, but it is intended to show the essence of a set of
-provenance statements. Therefore, it should not be seen as an alternate notation for expressing provenance.</p>
-
-<p>The graphical illustration takes the form of a graph. Entities, activities and agents are represented as nodes, with oval, rectangular, and octagonal shapes, respectively. Usage,
-Generation, Derivation, and Activity Association are represented as directed edges.</p>
-
-<p>Entities are laid out according to the ordering of their generation event. We endeavor to show time progressing from top to bottom. This means that edges for Usage, Generation and
-Derivation typically point upwards.</p>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
- <figure>
- <img src="examples/w3c-publication1.png" alt="Provenance of a Tech Report" style="max-width: 70%; "/>
-<figcaption>Provenance of a Tech Report</figcaption>
- </figure>
-</div>
-
-<div class='note'>
-Illustration to be hand crafted instead of being generated automatically. It's important to adopt a common style for all illustrations across all PROV documents.
-<p>CG: It would be helpful to see the properties labelled in the figure.
-</div>
-
-
-<p> This simple example has shown a variety of PROV-DM constructs, such as Entity, Agent, Activity, Usage, Generation, Derivation, and ActivityAssociation. In this example, it happens that all entities were already Web resources, with readily available URIs, which we used. We note that some of the resources are public, whereas others have restricted access: provenance statements only make use of their identifiers. If identifiers do not pre-exist, e.g. for activities, then they can be generated, for instance <span class="name">ex:act2</span>, occurring in the namespace identified by prefix <span class="name">ex</span>. We note that the URI scheme developed by W3C is particularly suited for expressing provenance of these reports, since each URI denotes a specific version of a report. It then becomes very easy to relate the various versions, with PROV-DM constructs. </p>
-
-
-</section>
-<section id="section-example-b">
-<h3>The Authors View</h3>
-
-
-<p style="font-style:italic; " ><b>Description:</b> A technical report
-is edited by some editor, using contributions from various
-contributors.
-</p>
-
-
-
-<p>Here, we consider another perspective on technical report
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215</a>. Provenance is concerned with the document editing activity, as perceived by authors. This kind of information could be used by authors in their CV or in a narrative about this document. </p>
-
-
-
-
-<ul>
-<li> The same technical report is involved: <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span>;</li>
-<li> An editing activity for <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> is <span class="name">ex:edit1</span>;</li>
-<li> The report <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> is generated by activity <span class="name">ex:edit1</span>;</li>
-<li> Several persons are associated with activity <span class="name">ex:edit1</span>, some in an editorial role, some in a contributor's role.</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>Again, we paraphrase some PROV-DM assertions, and illustrate them with the PROV-N notation.
-Full details of the provenance record can be found <a href="examples/w3c-publication3.prov-n">here</a>.</p>
-
-<ul>
-<li>There is a technical report, which from the author's perspective is a document in its second version.
-<pre>
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
-</pre>
-<p>While this description is about the same report <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span>, its details differ from the author's perspective: it is a document and it has a version number. </p></li>
-
-<li>There is an editing activity.
-<pre>
-activity(ex:edit1,,,[prov:type="edit"])
-</pre>
-</li>
-
-<li>The technical report was generated by the editing activity: this is a <a title="concept-generation">Generation</a>.
-<pre>
-wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1)
-</pre>
-</li>
-
-
-<li>There are some agents.
-<pre>
-agent(ex:Paolo, [ prov:type="Person" ])
-agent(ex:Simon, [ prov:type="Person" ])
-</pre>
-</li>
-
-<li>Agents were assigned various responsibilities in the editing activity: contributor and editor.
-<pre>
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Paolo, [prov:role="editor"])
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Simon, [prov:role="contributor"])
-</pre>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
- <figure>
- <img src="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/images/c/cd/W3c-publication3.png" alt="Provenance of a Tech Report (b)" style="max-width: 98%; "/>
-<figcaption id="prov-tech-report">Provenance of a Tech Report (b)</figcaption>
- </figure>
-</div>
-
-<div class='note'>
-Illustration to be hand crafted instead of being generated automatically. It's important to adopt a common style for all illustrations across all PROV documents.
-<p>CG: It would be helpful to see the properties labelled in the figure.
-<p> simplify the figure (leave just 2 authors (as in the example), or the editors), and label the edges as well.
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="section-example-c">
-<h3>Attribution of Provenance</h3>
-
-<p>The two previous sections provide two different perspectives on the provenance of a technical report. By design, the PROV approach allows for the provenance of a subject to be provided by multiple sources. For users to decide whether they can place their trust in the technical report, they may want to analyze its provenance, but also determine
-who the provenance is attributed to, and when it was
-generated, etc. In other words, we need to be able to express the provenance of provenance.</p>
-
-<p>No new mechanism is required to support this requirement. PROV-DM makes the assumption that provenance statements have been bundled up, and named, by some mechanism outside the scope of PROV-DM. For instance, in this case, provenance statements were put in a file and exposed on the Web, respectively at <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/working-copy/examples/w3c-publication1.pn">ex:prov1</a> and <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/working-copy/examples/w3c-publication3.pn">ex:prov3</a>. To express their respective provenance, these resources must be seen as entities, and all the constructs of PROV-DM are now available to characterize their provenance. In the example below, <span class="name">ex:prov1</span> is attributed to the agent <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>, whereas <span class="name">ex:prov3</span> to <span class="name">ex:Simon</span>.
-
-<pre>
-entity(ex:prov1, [prov:type="prov:AccountEntity" %% xsd:QName ])
-wasAttributedTo(ex1:prov1,w3:Consortium)
-
-entity(ex:prov3, [prov:type="prov:AccountEntity" %% xsd:QName ])
-wasAttributedTo(ex1:prov3,ex:Simon)
-</pre>
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="data-model-components">
-
-<h2>PROV-DM Concepts and Relations</h2>
-
-<p>PROV-DM Concepts are structured according to six components that are introduced here.
-Components and their dependencies are illustrated in Figure <a href="#prov-dm-components">prov-dm-components</a>. A component that relies on concepts defined in another also sits above it, in this figure.
-PROV-DM consists of the following components.</p>
-
-<ol>
-<li><b>Component 1: entities and activities.</b> The first component consists of entities, activities, and all concepts linking them, such as generation, usage, start, end. The first component is the only one comprising time-related concepts. </li>
-<li><b>Component 2: agents and responsibility.</b> The second component consists of agents and concepts ascribing responsibility to agents.</li>
-<li><b>Component 3: derivations.</b> The third component is formed with derivations and its subtypes.</li>
-<li><b>Component 4: alternate.</b> The fourth component consists of relations linking entities somehow denoting a same thing. </li>
-<li><b>Component 5: collections.</b> The fifth component is comprised of collections and operations related to collections. </li>
-<li><b>Component 6: annotations.</b> The sixth component is concerned with annotations to PROV-DM concepts.</li>
-</ol>
-
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
-<figure style="max-width: 90%; ">
-<img usemap="#componentMap" src="../images/components.png" alt="PROV-DM Components" style="max-width: 90%; " />
-<map id="componentMap" name="componentMap">
-<area title="collections" href="#component5" coords="220,0,440,70" alt="collections" shape="rect"/>
-<area title="alternate" href="#component4" coords="450,0,510,140" alt="alternate" shape="rect"/>
-<area title="annotations" href="#component6" coords="530,0,590,220" alt="annotations" shape="rect"/>
-<area title="activities/entities" href="#component1" coords="80,150,510,220" alt="activities/entities" shape="rect"/>
-<area title="derivations" href="#component3" coords="80,0,210,70" alt="derivations" shape="rect"/>
-<area title="agents/responsibility" href="#component2" coords="0,0,70,220" alt="agents/responsibility" shape="rect"/>
-</map>
-<figcaption id="prov-dm-components">PROV-DM Components</figcaption>
-</figure>
-</div>
-
-<p>
-While not all PROV-DM relations are binary, they all involve two primary elements. Hence, Table <a href="#relations-at-a-glance">relations-at-a-glance</a> indexes all relations according to their two primary elements. The table adopts the same color scheme as in Figure <a href="#prov-dm-components">prov-dm-components</a>, allowing components to be readily identified.
-Note that for simplicity, this table does not include collection-oriented relations.
-</p>
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
-<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<caption id="relations-at-a-glance">PROV-DM Relations At a Glance</caption>
-<tr><td></td><td>Entity</td><td>Activity</td><td>Agent</td><td>Note</td></tr>
-<tr><td>Entity</td><td><div class="component3-color"><a>wasDerivedFrom</a><br><a>wasRevisionOf</a><br><a>wasQuotedFrom</a><br><a>hadOriginalSource</a></div><div class="component4-color"><a>alternateOf</a><br><a>specializationOf</a></div></td><td class="component1-color"><a
-title="dfn-Generation">wasGeneratedBy</a></td><td class="component2-color"><a>wasAttributedTo</a></td><td class="component6-color"><a>hasAnnotation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td>Activity</td><td><div class="component1-color"><a>used</a><br><a>wasStartedBy</a><br><a>wasEndedBy</a></div></td><td class="component1-color"><a>wasStartedByActivity</a><br><a>wasInformedBy</a></td><td class="component2-color"><a>wasAssociatedWith</a></td><td class="component6-color"><a>hasAnnotation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td>Agent</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td class="component2-color"><a>actedOnBehalfOf</a></td><td class="component6-color"><a>hasAnnotation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td>Note</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td class="component6-color"><a>hasAnnotation</a></td></tr>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-<p>Table <a href="#prov-dm-concepts-and-relations">prov-dm-concepts-and-relations</a> is a complete index of all the concepts and relations in prov-dm, color-coded according to the component they belong too. In the first column, one finds concept names directly linking to their English definition. In the second column, we find their representation in the PROV-N notation, directly linking to the definition of their various constituents.</p>
-
-
-<div style="text-align: left;">
-<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<caption id="prov-dm-concepts-and-relations">PROV-DM Concepts and Relations</caption>
-<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>Entity</a></td><td><a title="dfn-Entity">entity(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>Activity</a></td><td><a title="dfn-Activity">activity(id, st, et, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>Generation</a></td><td><a title="dfn-Generation">wasGeneratedBy(id,e,a,t,attrs)</a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>Usage</a></td><td><a title="used">used(id,a,e,t,attrs)</a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>Start</a></td><td><a title="wasStartedBy">wasStartedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs)</a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>End</a></td><td><a title="wasEndedBy">wasEndedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs)</a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>Communication</a></td><td><a title="wasInformedBy">wasInformedBy(id,a2,a1,attrs)</a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>Start by Activity</a></td><td><a title="wasStartedByActivity">wasStartedByActivity(id, a2, a1, attrs)</a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component2-color"><td><a>Agent</a></td><td><a title="dfn-agent">agent(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component2-color"><td><a>Attribution</a></td><td><a title="wasAttributedTo">wasAttributedTo(id,e,ag,attr)</a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component2-color"><td><a>Association</a></td><td><a title="wasAssociatedWith">wasAssociatedWith(id,a,ag,pl,attrs)</a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component2-color"><td><a>Responsibility</a></td><td><a title="actedOnBehalfOf">actedOnBehalfOf(id,ag2,ag1,a,attrs)</a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component3-color"><td><a>Derivation</a></td><td><a title="wasDerivedFrom">wasDerivedFrom(id, e2, e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component3-color"><td><a>Revision</a></td><td><a title="wasRevisionOf">wasRevisionOf(id,e2,e1,ag,attrs)</a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component3-color"><td><a>Quotation</a></td><td><a title="wasQuotedFrom">wasQuotedFrom(id,e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component3-color"><td><a>Original Source</a></td><td><a title="hadOriginalSource">hadOriginalSource(id,e2,e1,attrs)</a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component3-color"><td><a>Traceability</a></td><td><a title="tracedTo">tracedTo(id,e2,e1,attrs)</a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component4-color"><td><a>Alternate</a></td><td><a title="alternateOf">alternateOf(alt1, alt2)</a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component4-color"><td><a>Specialization</a></td><td><a title="specializationOf">specializationOf(sub, super)</a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component5-color"><td>Derivation by Insertion</td><td>derivedByInsertionFrom(id, collAfter, collBefore, key, value, attrs)</td></tr>
-<tr class="component5-color"><td>Derivation by Removal</td><td>derivedByRemovalFrom(id, collAfter, collBefore, key, attrs)</td></tr>
-<tr class="component5-color"><td>Containment</td><td>contained(id, coll, key, values, attrs)</td></tr>
-<tr class="component5-color"><td></td><td>derivedByBulkInsertionFrom(id, collAfter, collBefore, key-value-set, attrs)</td></tr>
-<tr class="component5-color"><td></td><td>derivedByBulkRemovalFrom(id, collAfter, collBefore, key-set, attrs)</td></tr>
-<tr class="component5-color"><td></td><td>containedBulk(id, coll, key-value-set, attrs)</td></tr>
-<tr class="component6-color"><td><a>Note</a></td><td><a title="note">note(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component6-color"><td><a>Annotation</a></td><td><a title="hasAnnotation">hasAnnotation(r,n)</a></td></tr>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-<p>In the rest of the section, each concept and relation is defined, in English initially, followed by a more formal definition and some example.</p>
-
-<section id="component1">
-<h3>Component 1: Entities and Activities</h3>
-
-<p>The first component of PROV-DM is concerned with <a title="entity">entities</a> and <a title="activity">activities</a>, and their inter-relations: <a>Usage</a>, <a>Generation</a>, <a>Start</a>, <a>End</a>, <a>Communication</a>, and <a>Start by Activity</a>. Figure <a href="#figure-component1">figure-component1</a> overviews the first component, with two classes and binary associations between them. Associations are not just binary; indeed, <a>Usage</a>, <a>Generation</a>, <a>Start</a>, <a>End</a> are remarkable because they have <em>time</em> attributes, which are placeholders for time information related to provenance.
-</p>
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
-<figure>
-<img src="../images/Entities-Activities.png" alt="entities and activities"/>
-<figcaption id="figure-component1">Entities and Activities Component Overview</figcaption>
-</figure>
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
- <section id="term-Entity">
-
-<h4>Entity</h4>
-
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-entity"></div>
-
-
-<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-entity">An <dfn title="dfn-Entity">entity</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-entity">entity(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-N, </span> contains:
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="entity.id">id</span>: an identifier for an entity; </li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="entity.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs representing this entity's situation in the world.</li>
-</ul></div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-The following expression</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
-</pre>
-states the existence of an entity, denoted by identifier <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>, with type <span class="name">document</span> and version number <span class="name">2</span>. The attributes <span class="name">ex:version</span> is application specific, whereas the attribute <span
-class="name">type</span> is reserved in the PROV-DM namespace.
-<!--The following expression</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
-entity(e0, [ prov:type="File", ex:path="/shared/crime.txt", ex:creator="Alice" ])
-</pre>
-states the existence of an entity, denoted by identifier <span class="name">e0</span>, with type <span class="name">File</span> and path <span class="name">/shared/crime.txt</span> in the
-file system, and creator alice. The attributes <span class="name">path</span> and <span class="name">creator</span> are application specific, whereas the attribute <span
-class="name">type</span> is reserved in the PROV-DM namespace.-->
-</div>
-
-<p>Further considerations:</p>
-<ul>
-<li>The sets of Activities and Entities are disjoint, as described below.</li>
-</ul>
-
-
-<div class='issue'>The characterization interval of an entity is currently implicit. Making it explicit would allow us to define wasComplementOf more precisely.
-Beginning and end of characterization interval could be expressed by attributes (similarly to activities).
-How do we define the end of an entity? This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/204">ISSUE-204</a>.
-</div>
-
-
-
- </section>
-
- <section id="term-Activity">
-
-<h3>Activity</h3>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-activity"></div>
-
-<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-activity"> An <dfn title="dfn-Activity">activity</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-activity">activity(id, st, et, [ attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-N,</span> contains:
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="activity.id">id</span>: an identifier for an activity;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="activity.startTime">startTime</span>: an OPTIONAL time for the start of the activity;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="activity.endTime">endTime</span>: an OPTIONAL time for the end of the activity;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="activity.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs for this activity.</li>
-</ul></div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-The following expression</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-activity(a1,2011-11-16T16:05:00,2011-11-16T16:06:00,
- [ex:host="server.example.org",prov:type="ex:edit" %% xsd:QName])
-</pre>
-<p>states the existence of an activity with identifier <span class="name">a1</span>, start time <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:05:00</span>, and end time <span
-class="name">2011-11-16T16:06:00</span>, running on host <span class="name">server.example.org</span>, and of type <span class="name">edit</span>. The attribute <span class="name">host</span> is application specific (declared in some namespace with prefix <span class="name">ex</span>). The attribute <span
-class="name">type</span> is a reserved attribute of PROV-DM, allowing for sub-typing to be expressed.</p>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<p>Further considerations:</p>
-<ul>
-<li>An activity is not an entity. This distinction is similar to the distinction between
-'continuant' and 'occurrent' in logic [[Logic]].
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-Generation">
-<h4>Generation</h4>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-generation"></div>
-
-<p>
-<div class="attributes" id="attributes-generation"><dfn title="dfn-Generation">Generation</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasGeneratedBy(id,e,a,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has the following components:
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="generation.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for a generation;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="generation.entity">entity</span>: an identifier for a created entity; </li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="generation.activity">activity</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the activity that creates the entity;</li>
-
-<li><span class='attribute' id="generation.time">time</span>: an OPTIONAL "generation time", the time at which the entity was completely created;</li>
-
-<li><span class='attribute' id="generation.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that describes the modalities of generation of this entity by this activity.</li>
-</ul></div>
-<p>While each of the components <span class='attribute'>activity</span>, <span class='attribute'>time</span>, and <span class='attribute'>attributes</span> is OPTIONAL, at least one of them MUST be present.</p>
-
-
-
-
-
-<div class='anexample'>
-<p>
-The following expressions</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
- wasGeneratedBy(e1,a1, 2001-10-26T21:32:52, [ex:port="p1", ex:order=1])
- wasGeneratedBy(e2,a1, 2001-10-26T10:00:00, [ex:port="p1", ex:order=2])
-</pre>
-<p>state the existence of two generations (with respective times <span class="name">2001-10-26T21:32:52</span> and <span
-class="name">2001-10-26T10:00:00</span>), at which new entities, identified by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, are created by an
-activity, identified by <span class="name">a1</span>.
-The first one is available as the first value on port p1, whereas the other is the second value on port p1. The semantics of <span class="name">port</span> and <span
-class="name">order</span> are application specific.
-</p>
-</div>
-
-
-<div class='anexample'>
-<p>
-In some cases, we may want to record the time at which an entity was generated without having to specify the activity that generated it. To support this requirement, the activity component in generation is optional. Hence, the following expression indicates the time at which an entity is generated, without naming the activity that did it.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
- wasGeneratedBy(e,,2001-10-26T21:32:52)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="term-Usage">
-<h3>Usage</h3>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-usage"></div>
-
-
-<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-usage"><dfn title="used">Usage</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">used(id,a,e,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has the following constituents:
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="usage.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for a usage;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="usage.activity">activity</span>: an identifier for the consuming activity;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="usage.entity">entity</span>: an identifier for the consumed entity;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="usage.time">time</span>: an OPTIONAL "usage time", the time at which the entity started to be used;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="usage.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that describe the modalities of usage of this entity by this activity.</li>
-</ul></div>
-
-<p>
-A reference to a given entity MAY appear in multiple usages that share
- a given activity identifier.
-</p>
-
-
-<div class='anexample'>
-<p>The following usages</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
- used(a1,e1,2011-11-16T16:00:00,[ex:parameter="p1"])
- used(a1,e2,2011-11-16T16:00:01,[ex:parameter="p2"])
-</pre>
-<p>state that the activity identified by <span class="name">a1</span> consumed two entities identified by <span
-class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, at times <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> and <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:01</span>, respectively; the first
-one was found as the value of parameter <span class="name">p1</span>, whereas the second was found as value of parameter <span class="name">p2</span>. The semantics of <span
-class="name">parameter</span> is application specific.</p>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<div class='note'>
-
-
-
-<p>
-A usage record's id is OPTIONAL. It MUST be present when annotating usage records (see Section <a href="#term-annotation">Annotation Record</a>) or when defining precise-1 derivations (see
-<a href="#Derivation-Relation">Derivation</a>).</p>
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="term-Start">
-<h4>Start</h4>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-start"></div>
-
-
-<p>An activity <dfn title="wasStartedBy">start</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasStartedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="start.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the activity start;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="start.activity">activity</span>: an identifier for the started activity;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="start.trigger">trigger</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the entity triggering the activity;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="start.time">time</span>: the OPTIONAL time at which the activity was started; </li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="start.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs describing modalities according to which the activity was started.
-</ul>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-The following example contains the description of an activity <span class="name">a1</span> (a discussion), which was started at a specific time, and was triggered by an email message <span class="name">e1</span>.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(e1,[prov:type="email message"])
-activity(a1,[prov:type="Discuss"])
-wasStartedBy(a1,e1,2011-11-16T16:05:00)
-</pre>
-Furthermore, if the activity happens to consume the message content, then the message would also be regarded as an input to the activity, which we describe as follows:
-<pre class="codeexample">
-used(a1,e1)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-In the following example, a race is started by a bang, and responsibility for this trigger is attributed to an agent
- <span class="name">ex:DarthVader</span>.
-<pre class="codeexample">
-activity(ex:foot_race)
-wasStartedBy(ex:foot_race,ex:bang,2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00)
-entity(ex:bang)
-agent(ex:DarthVader)
-wasAttributedTo(ex:foot_race,ex:DarthVader)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-<p>The relations wasStartedBy and used are orthogonal, and thus need to be asserted independently, according to the situation being described.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-End">
-<h4>End</h4>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-end"></div>
-
-
-<p>An activity <dfn title="wasEndedBy">end</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasEndedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="end.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the activity end;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="end.activity">activity</span>: an identifier for the ended activity;
-<li><span class='attribute' id="end.trigger">trigger</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the entity triggering the activity ending;
-<li><span class='attribute' id="end.time">time</span>: the OPTIONAL time at which the activity was ended; </li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="end.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs describing modalities according to which the activity was ended.
-</ul>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-The following example is a description of an activity <span class="name">a1</span> (editing) that was ended following an approval document <span class="name">e1</span>.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(e1,[prov:type="approval document"])
-activity(a1,[prov:type="Editing"])
-wasEndedBy(a1,e1)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="note">
-Constraints need to be added to part II, to ensure that time information on activity matches time information on Start/End.
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-wasInformedBy">
-<h3>Communication</h3>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-communication"></div>
-
-
-<p>A communication implies that activity <span class="name">a2</span> is dependent on another <span class="name">a1</span>, by way of some entity <span class="name">e</span> that is generated by <span class="name">a1</span> and used by <span class="name">a2</span>.</p>
-
-
-
-
-<div class="attributes" id="attributes-wasInformedBy">
-A <dfn title="wasInformedBy">communication</dfn> <span class="withPn">, written as
-<span class="pnExpression">wasInformedBy(id,a2,a1,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> contains:
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>informed</span>: the identifier of the informed activity;
-<li><span class='attribute'>informant</span>: the identifier of the informant activity;
-<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe properties of the relation.</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-<p> Relation <span class="name">wasInformedBy</span> is not transitive.</p>
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-Consider two long running services, which we represent by activities <span class="name">s1</span> and <span class="name">s2</span>.
-<pre class="codeexample">
-activity(s1,,,[prov:type="service"])
-activity(s2,,,[prov:type="service"])
-wasInformedBy(s2,s1)
-</pre>
-The last line indicates that some entity was generated by <span class="name">s1</span> and used by <span class="name">s2</span>.
-</div>
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-wasStartedByActivity">
-<h3>Start by Activity</h3>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-startByActivity"></div>
-
-
-
-<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-startByActivity">
-A <dfn title="wasStartedByActivity">start by activity</dfn><span class="withPn">, written as
-<span class="pnExpression">wasStartedByActivity(id, a2, a1, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> contains: </p>
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="startByActivity.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier of the relation;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="startByActivity.started">started</span>: the identifier of the started activity;
-<li><span class='attribute' id="startByActivity.starter">starter</span>: the identifier of the activity that started the other;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="startByActivity.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-Suppose activities <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> are computer processes that are executed on different hosts, and that <span class="name">a1</span> started <span class="name">a2</span>. This can be expressed as in the following fragment:</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-activity(a1,t1,t2,[ex:host="server1.example.org",prov:type="workflow"])
-activity(a2,t3,t4,[ex:host="server2.example.org",prov:type="subworkflow"])
-wasStartedByActivity(a2,a1)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="component2">
-<h3>Component 2: Agents and Responsibility</h3>
-
-<p>The second component of PROV-DM is concerned with <a title="agent">agents</a> and the notions of
-<a>Attribution</a>, <a>Association</a>, <a>Responsibility</a>, relating agents to entities, activities, and agents, respectively.
-Figure <a href="#figure-component2">figure-component2</a> overviews the second component, with three classes (Entity, Activity, and Agent) and associations between them. So-called "association classes" are used to express ternary relations.
-</p>
-
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
-<figure>
-<img src="../images/Agents-Responsibility.png" alt="agents and responsibilities"/>
-<figcaption id="figure-component2">Agents and Responsibilities Component Overview</figcaption>
-</figure>
-</div>
-
-<section id="term-Agent">
-<h3>Agent</h3>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-agent"></div>
-
-
-<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-agent">An <dfn title="dfn-agent">agent</dfn><span class="withPn">, noted <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-agent">agent(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-N,</span> contains:
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="agent.id>id</span>: an identifier for an agent;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="agent.attributes>attributes</span>: a set of attribute-value pairs representing this agent's situation in the world.
-</li>
-</ul></div>
-
-
-<p>
-From an interoperability perspective, it is useful to define some basic categories of agents since
-it will improve the use of provenance by applications.
-There should be very few of these basic categories to keep the model simple and accessible.
-There are three types of agents in the model since they are common across most anticipated domains of use:
-<ul>
-<li><span class="name">Person</span>: agents of type Person are people.</li>
-<li><span class="name">Organization</span>: agents of type Organization are social institutions such as companies, societies etc.</li>
-<li><span class="name">SoftwareAgent</span>: a software agent is a piece of software. </li>
-</ul>
-<p>These types are mutually exclusive, though they do not cover all kinds of agent. </p>
-
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>The following expression is about an agent identified by <span class="name">e1</span>, which is a person, named Alice, with employee number 1234.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-agent(e1, [ex:employee="1234", ex:name="Alice", prov:type="prov:Person" %% xsd:QName])
-</pre>
-<p>It is optional to specify the type of an agent. When present, it is expressed using the <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute.</p>
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-attribution">
-<h3>Attribution</h3>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-attribution"></div>
-
-<p>When an entity <span class="name">e</span> is attributed to agent <span class="name">ag</span>, entity <span class="name">e</span> was generated by some activity <span class="name">a</span>, which in turn was associated to agent <span class="name">ag</span>. Thus, this relation is useful when the activity is not known, or irrelevant.</p>
-
-<p> An <dfn title="wasAttributedTo">attribution relation</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasAttributedTo(id,e,ag,attr)</span> in PROV-N,</span> contains the following elements:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="attribution.id>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the relation;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="attribution.entity>entity</span>: an entity identifier;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="attribution.agent>agent</span>: the identifier of the agent whom the entity is ascribed to;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="attribution.attributes>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
-</ul>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-Revisiting the example of <a href="#section-example-b">Section 3.2</a>,
-we can ascribe <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> to some agents without having to make an activity explicit.
-<pre class="codeexample">
-agent(ex:Paolo, [ prov:type="Person" ])
-agent(ex:Simon, [ prov:type="Person" ])
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
-wasAttributedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:Paolo, [prov:role="editor"])
-wasAttributedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:Simon, [prov:role="contributor"])
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-</section> <!-- end attribution -->
-
-
-<section id="term-ActivityAssociation">
-<h4>Association</h4>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-activityAssociation"></div>
-
-
-<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-activity-association">An <dfn title="wasAssociatedWith">activity association</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasAssociatedWith(id,a,ag,pl,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has the following
-constituents:
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="association.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the association between an activity and an agent;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="association.activity">activity</span>: an identifier for the activity;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="association.agent">agent</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the agent associated with the activity;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="association.plan">plan</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the plan adopted by the agent in the context of this activity;
-<li><span class='attribute' id="association.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that describe the modalities of association of this activity with this agent.</li>
-</ul></div>
-
-<div class="anexample id="anexample-wasAssociateWith">
-In the following example, a designer and an operator agents are associated with an activity. The designer's goals are achieved by a workflow <span class="name">ex:wf</span>.
-<pre class="codeexample">
-activity(ex:a,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
-agent(ex:ag1,[prov:type="operator"])
-agent(ex:ag2,[prov:type="designer"])
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:a,ex:ag1,[prov:role="loggedInUser", ex:how="webapp"])
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:a,ex:ag2,ex:wf,[prov:role="designer", ex:context="project1"])
-entity(ex:wf,[prov:type="prov:Plan"%% xsd:QName, ex:label="Workflow 1",
- ex:url="http://example.org/workflow1.bpel" %% xsd:anyURI])
-</pre>
-Since the workflow <span class="name">ex:wf</span> is itself an entity, its provenance can also be expressed in PROV-DM: it can be generated by some activity and derived from other entities,
-for instance.
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-wasAssociateWith-2">
-In some cases, one wants to indicate a plan was followed, without having to specify which agent was involved.
-<pre class="codeexample">
-activity(ex:a,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:a,-,ex:wf)
-entity(ex:wf,[prov:type="prov:Plan"%% xsd:QName, ex:label="Workflow 1",
- ex:url="http://example.org/workflow1.bpel" %% xsd:anyURI])
-</pre>
-In this case, it is assumed that an agent exists, but simply it has not been specified.
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-<div class='issue'> The activity association record does not allow for a plan to be asserted without an agent.
-This seems over-restrictive. Discussed in the context of <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/203">ISSUE-203</a>.</div>
-
-
-<div class='issue'> Agents should not be inferred. WasAssociatedWith should also work with entities.
-This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/206">ISSUE-206</a>.</div>
-
-</section> <!-- end wasAssociatedWith -->
-
-<section id="term-responsibility">
-
-<h4>Responsibility</h4>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-responsibility"></div>
-
-<p>PROV-DM offers a mild version of responsibility
-in the form of a relation to represent when an agent acted on another
-agent's behalf. So in the example of someone running a mail program,
-the program is an agent of that activity and the person is also an
-agent of the activity, but we would also add that the mail software
-agent is running on the person's behalf. In the other example, the
-student acted on behalf of his supervisor, who acted on behalf of the
-department chair, who acts on behalf of the university, and all those
-agents are responsible in some way for the activity to take place but
-we do not say explicitly who bears responsibility and to what
-degree. </p>
-
-<p>We could also say that an agent can act on behalf of several other
-agents (a group of agents). This would also make possible to
-indirectly reflect chains of responsibility. This also indirectly
-reflects control without requiring that control is explicitly
-indicated. In some contexts there will be a need to represent
-responsibility explicitly, for example to indicate legal
-responsibility, and that could be added as an extension to this core
-model. Similarly with control, since in particular contexts there
-might be a need to define specific aspects of control that various
-agents exert over a given activity.</p>
-
-<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-responsibility-chain">A <dfn title="actedOnBehalfOf">responsibility</dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">actedOnBehalfOf(id,ag2,ag1,a,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has the following constituents:
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="responsibility.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the responsibility chain;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="responsibility.subordinate">subordinate</span>: an identifier for the agent associated with an activity, acting on behalf of the responsible
-agent;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="responsibility.responsible">responsible</span>: an identifier for the agent, on behalf of which the subordinate agent acted;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="responsibility.activity">activity</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier of an activity for which the responsibility chain holds;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="responsibility.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that describe the modalities of this relation.</li>
-</ul></div>
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-In the following example, a programmer, a researcher and a funder agents are described. The programmer and researcher are associated with a workflow activity. The programmer acts on behalf
-of the researcher (delegation) encoding the commands specified by the researcher; the researcher acts on behalf of the funder, who has an contractual agreement with the researcher. The terms
-'delegation' and 'contact' used in this example are domain specific.
-<pre class="codeexample">
-activity(a,[prov:type="workflow"])
-agent(ag1,[prov:type="programmer"])
-agent(ag2,[prov:type="researcher"])
-agent(ag3,[prov:type="funder"])
-wasAssociatedWith(a,ag1,[prov:role="loggedInUser"])
-wasAssociatedWith(a,ag2)
-actedOnBehalfOf(ag1,ag2,a,[prov:type="delegation"])
-actedOnBehalfOf(ag2,ag3,a,[prov:type="contract"])
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-<p>Further considerations:</p>
-<ul>
-<li>If an activity is not specified, then the subordinate agent is considered to act on behalf of
-the responsible agent, in all the activities the subordinate agent is associated with.
-</li>
-</ul>
-</section>
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="component3">
-<h3>Component 3: Derivations</h3>
-
-
-
-<p>The third component of PROV-DM is concerned with <a title="derivation">derivations</a> between <a title="entity">entities</a>, and subtypes of derivations <a>Revision</a>, <a>Quotation</a>, <a>Original Source</a>, and <a>Traceability</a>.
-Figure <a href="#figure-component3">figure-component3</a> overviews the third component, with three classes (Entity, Activity, and Agent) and associations between them. So-called "association classes" are used to express n-ary relations.
-</p>
-
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
-<figure>
-<img src="../images/Derivation.png" alt="derivation"/>
-<figcaption id="figure-component3">Derivation Component Overview</figcaption>
-</figure>
-</div>
-
-<section id="Derivation-Relation">
-<h4>Derivation</h4>
-
-
-
-
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-derivation"></div>
-
-
-
-
-<p>According to <a href="#conceptualization">Section Overview</a>, for an entity to be transformed from, created from, or resulting from an update to another, there must be some
-underpinning activities performing the necessary actions resulting in such a derivation.
-A derivation can be described at various levels of precision. In its simplest form, derivation relates two entities. Optionally, attributes can be added to describe modalities of derivation. If the derivation is the result of a single known activity, then this activity can also be optionally expressed. And to provide a completely accurate description of derivation, the generation and usage of the generated and used entities, respectively, can be provided. The reason for optional information such as activity, generation, and usage to be linked to derivations is to aid analysis of provenance and to facilitate provenance-based reproducibility. </p>
-
-
-<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-derivation">A <dfn title="wasDerivedFrom">derivation</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-wasDerivedFrom">wasDerivedFrom(id, e2, e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> contains:
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="derivation.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for a derivation;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="derivation.generatedEntity">generatedEntity</span>: the identifier of the entity generated by the derivation;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="derivation.usedEntity">usedEntity</span>: the identifier of the entity used by the derivation;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="derivation.activity">activity</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the activity using and generating the above entities;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="derivation.generation">generation</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the generation involving the generated entity and activity;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="derivation.usage">usage</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the usage involving the used entity and activity;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="derivation.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that describe the modalities of this derivation.</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-<p> Derivation is not defined to be transitive. Domain-specific specializations of derivation may be defined in such a way that the transitivity property
-holds.</p>
-
-
-
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>The following descriptions state the existence of derivations.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)
-wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:type="physical transform"])
-wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1)
- wasGeneratedBy(g2,e2,a)
- used(u1,a,e1)
-</pre>
-<p>
-The first and second lines are about derivations between <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span>, but no information is provided as to the identity of the activity (and usage and generation) underpinning the derivation. In the second line, a type attribute is also provided.</p>
-<p>
-The third description expresses that activity <span class="name">a</span>,
-using the entity <span class="name">e1</span> according to usage <span class="name">u1</span>,
- derived the
-entity <span class="name">e2</span> and generated it according to generation
- <span class="name">g2</span>. It is followed by descriptions for generation <span class="name">g2</span> and usage <span class="name">u1</span>. With such a comprehensive description of derivation, a program that analyzes provenance can identify the activity underpinning the derivation, it can identify how the original entity <span class="name">e1</span> was used by the activity (e.g. for instance, which argument it was passed as, if the activity is the result of a function invocation), and which output the derived entity <span class="name">e2</span> was obtained from (say, for a function returning multiple results).</p>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<div class='issue'> Emphasize the notion of 'affected by' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/133">ISSUE-133</a>.</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-Revision">
-<h3>Revision</h3>
-
-<p><span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-revision"></span></p>
-
-<p> Deciding whether something is made available as a revision of something else usually involves an agent who takes responsibility for approving that the former is a due variant of the latter.
- The agent who is responsible for the revision may optionally be specified.
- Revision is a particular case of <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> of an entity into its revised version.</p>
-
-<p> A <dfn title="wasRevisionOf">revision</dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasRevisionOf(id,e2,e1,ag,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="revision.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the relation;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="revision.newer">newer</span>: the identifier of the revised entity;
-<li><span class='attribute' id="revision.older">older</span>: the identifier of the older entity;
-<li><span class='attribute' id="revision.responsibility">responsibility</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the agent who approved the newer entity as a variant of the older;
-<li><span class='attribute' id="revision.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of this relation.</li>
-</ul>
-
-
-
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-revision">
-<p>
-Revisiting the example of <a href="#section-example-a">Section 3.1</a>,
-we can now state that the report
- <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is a revision of
- the report <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</span>, approved by
-agent <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>.
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
-wasRevisionOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, w3:Consortium)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-
-</section> <!-- end revision -->
-
-<section id="term-quotation">
-<h3>Quotation</h3>
-
-<p>
-<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-quotation"></span>
-</p>
-
-<p>Quotation
- is a particular case of <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> in which entity <span class="name">e2</span> is derived from an original entity <span class="name">e1</span> by copying, or "quoting", some or all of it.
- A <dfn title="wasQuotedFrom">quotation</dfn> relation <span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasQuotedFrom(id,e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="quotation.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the relation;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="quotation.quote">quote</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e2</span>) for the entity that represents the quote (the partial copy);
-<li><span class='attribute' id="quotation.original">original</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e1</span>) for the original entity being quoted;
-<li><span class='attribute' id="quotation.quoterAgent">quoterAgent</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier (<span class="name">ag2</span>) for the agent who performs the quote;
-<li><span class='attribute' id="quotation.originalAgent">originalAgent</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier (<span class="name">ag1</span>) for the agent to whom the original entity is attributed;
-<li><span class='attribute' id="quotation.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
-
-</ul>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-quotation">
-<p>
-The following paragraph is a quote from one of <a href="http://thinklinks.wordpress.com/2012/03/07/thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/">the author's blogs</a>.
-<blockquote id="paul-quote"><em>
-"During the workshop, it became clear to me that the consensus based models (which are often graphical in nature) can not only be formalized but also be directly connected to these database focused formalizations. I just needed to get over the differences in syntax. This could imply that we could have nice way to trace provenance across systems and through databases and be able to understand the mathematical properties of this interconnection."</em>
-</blockquote>
-<p>If <a href="http://thinklinks.wordpress.com/2012/03/07/thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/"><span class="name">ex:blog</span></a> denotes the original blog by agent <span class="name">ex:Paul</span>, and
- <a href="#paul-quote"><span class="name">ex:blockquote</span></a> denotes the above paragraph, then the following descriptions express that the above paragraph is copied by agent <span class="name">ex:Luc</a> from a part of the blog, attributed to the agent <span class="name">ex:Paul</a>.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(ex:blog)
-agent(ex:Luc)
-agent(ex:Paul)
-wasQuotedFrom(ex:blockQuote,ex:blog,ex:Luc,ex:Paul)
-</pre>
-
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-</section> <!-- end quotation -->
-
-
-<section id="term-original-source">
-<h3>Original Source</h3>
-
-<p>
-<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-original-source"></span>
-</p>
-
-<p>An <dfn>original source relation</dfn> is a particular case of <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a>
-which aims to give
-credit to the source that originated some information. It is recognized that it may be
-hard to determine which entity constitutes an original source. This definition is inspired by
-<tt>orginal-source</tt> as defined in
-<a href="http://googlenewsblog.blogspot.com/2010/11/credit-where-credit-is-due.html">http://googlenewsblog.blogspot.com/2010/11/credit-where-credit-is-due.html<a/>.
-
-
-<p> An <dfn title="hadOriginalSource">original source</dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">hadOriginalSource(id,e2,e1,attrs)</span>,</span> contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="originalSource.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the relation;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="originalSource.derived">derived</span>: an identifier for the derived entity; </li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="originalSource.source">source</span>: an identifier for the original source entity;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="originalSource.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
-</ul>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-Let us consider the current section <a href="#term-original-source"><span class="name">dm:term-original-source</span></a>, and
-the Google page <a href="http://googlenewsblog.blogspot.com/2010/11/credit-where-credit-is-due.html"><span class="name">go:credit-where-credit-is-due.html</span></a>, where the notion was originally described.
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(dm:term-original-source)
-entity(go:credit-where-credit-is-due.html)
-hadOriginalSource(dm:term-original-source,go:credit-where-credit-is-due.html)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-</section> <!-- end original source -->
-
-<section id="term-traceability">
-<h3>Traceability</h3>
-
-<p>
-<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-traceability"></span>
-</p>
-
-
-<p> A traceability relation between two entities <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span> is a generic dependency of <span class="name">e2</span>
-on <span class="name">e1</span> that indicates either that <span class="name">e1</span> may have been necessary for <span class="name">e2</span> to be created, or that <span class="name">e1</span> bears
-some responsibility for <span class="name">e2</span>'s existence.
-
-
-<p><dfn title="tracedTo">Traceability</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">tracedTo(id,e2,e1,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="traceability.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="traceability.entity">entity</span>: an identifier identifying an entity;
-<li><span class='attribute' id="traceability.ancestor">ancestor</span>: an identifier identifying an ancestor entity that the former depends on;
-<li><span class='attribute' id="traceability.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe properties of the relation.</li>
-</ul>
-<p>We note that the ancestor is allowed to be an agent since agents are entities. </p>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>We refer to the example of <a href="#section-example-a">Section 3.1</a>, and specifically to <a href="#prov-tech-report">Figure prov-tech-report</a>. We can see that there is a path from
-<span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> to
-<span class="name">w3:Consortium</span> or to
-<span class="name">pr:rec-advance</span>. This is expressed as follows.
-<pre class="codeexample">
- tracedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,w3:Consortium)
- tracedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,pr:rec-advance)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-<p>
-<a>Derivation</a> and <a>association</a> are particular cases of traceability.
-</p>
-
-
-</section>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="component4">
-<h3>Component 4: Alternate Entities</h3>
-
-
-<p>The fourth component of PROV-DM is concerned with relations <a>alternate</a> and <a>specialization</a> between entities.
-Figure <a href="#figure-component4">figure-component4</a> overviews the component.
-</p>
-
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
-<figure>
-<img src="../images/Alternates.png" alt="alternates"/>
-<figcaption id="figure-component4">Alternates Component Overview</figcaption>
-</figure>
-</div>
-
-
-<p>This component consists of relations between two entities that refer to the same thing in the world.
-Consider for example three entities:
-</p>
-<ul>
- <li><span class="name">e1</span> denoting "Bob, the holder of Facebook account ABC",
-
- <li><span class="name">e2</span> denoting "Bob, the holder of Twitter account XYZ",
-
- <li><span class="name">e3</span> denoting "Bob, the person".
-</ul>
-
-<p>These entities refer to the same real person Bob, either in different contexts, or at different levels of abstraction. Specifically:
-
-
-<ol>
- <li><span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span> refer to Bob in two contexts (as Facebook and Twitter users, respectively)
- <li> both of <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span> are more detailed than <span class="name">e3</span>.
-</ol>
-
-
-
-
-
-<p>The following two relations are introduced for expressing alternative or specialized entities. </p>
-
-<section id="term-alternate">
-
-<h4>Alternate</h4>
-
-<div class="note">To define</div>
-
-
-<span class="glossary" id="glossary-alternate">
-An entity is <dfn id="concept-alternate">alternate</dfn> of another if they refer to a same thing.
-</span>
-
-
-
-
-<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-alternate">An <dfn title="alternateOf">alternate relation</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">alternateOf(alt1, alt2)</span> in PROV-N,</span> addresses case (1). It has the following constituents:
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="alternate.firstAlternate">firstAlternate</span>: an identifier of the first of the two entities;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="alternate.secondAlternate">secondAlternate</span>: an identifier of the second of the two entities.</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-alternate">
-<p>The following expressions describe two persons, respectively holder of a Facebook account and a Twitter account, and their relation as alternate. </p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(facebook:ABC, [ prov:type="person with Facebook account " ])
-entity(twitter:XYZ, [ prov:type="person with Twitter account" ])
-alternateOf(facebook:ABC, twitter:XYZ)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-specialization">
-
-<h4>Specialization</h4>
-
-<div class="note">To define</div>
-
-<span class="glossary" id="glossary-specialization">
-An entity is a <dfn id="concept-alternate">specialization</dfn> of another if the latter is a more
-general entity than the former.
-</span>
-
-
-<p>
-<div class="attributes" id="attributes-specialization">A <dfn title="specializationOf">specialization relation</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">specializationOf(sub, super)</span> in PROV-N,</span> addresses case (2). It has the following constituents:
-
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="specialization.specializedEntity">specializedEntity</span>: an identifier of the specialized entity;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="specialization.generalEntity">generalEntity</span>: an identifier of the entity that is being specialized.</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-specialization">
-<p>The following expressions describe two persons, the second of which is holder of a Twitter account. The second entity is a specialization of the first. </p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(ex:Bob, [ prov:type="person", ex:name="Bob" ])
-entity(twitter:XYZ, [ prov:type="person with Twitter account" ])
-specializationOf(twitter:XYZ, ex:Bob)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-<!--
-<p>To promote take up of these relations, it is not specified whether they are transitive or symmetric. We anticipate that applications will specialize these relations according to their needs. </p>
--->
-
-<div class='issue'>A discussion on alternative definition of these relations has not yet reached a satisfactory conclusion. This is <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/29">ISSUE-29</a>. Also <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/96">ISSUE-96</a>.</div>
-
-
-</section>
-</section>
-
-<section id="component5">
-<h3>Component 5: Collections</h3>
-
-
-<p><strong>Collection relations and entity types</strong> address the need to describe the evolution of entities that have a collection structure, that is, which may contain other entities. The intent of these relations and entity types is to capture the <em>history of changes that occurred to a collection</em>. Indirectly, such history provides a way to reconstruct, with some limitations discussed <a href="#term-collection-state">below</a>, the contents of a collection entity. Thus, for the purpose of provenance a collection entity is viewed an immutable representation of the state of a collection data structure, following a sequence of insertion and deletion operations.
-
-<br/>A collection entity is an entity that has a logical internal structure consisting of key-value pairs, often referred to as a <strong>map</strong>. This collection type provides a generic indexing structure that can be used to model commonly used data structures, including associative lists (also known as "dictionaries" in some programming languages), relational tables, ordered lists, and more (the specification of such specialized structures in terms of key-value pairs is out of the scope of this document).
-
-<section id="term-collection-types">
-<h3>Collection types</h3>
-
-The following new entity types are introduced:
-
-<ul>
- <li> <span class="name">prov:Collection</span> denotes an entity of type collection, i.e. an entity that can participate in relations amongst collections;
-
- <li><span class="name">prov:EmptyCollection</span> denotes an empty collection.
-</ul>
-
-<!--
-In addition, the attribute <span class="name">prov:content</span> is introduced to allow the explicit specification of the collection's content. The example below illustrates the syntax.
--->
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
- entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection
- entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"]) // c1 is a collection, with unknown content
-<!-- entity(c2, [prov:type="Collection", prov:content="{ ("k1", v1), ("k2", v2), ("k3", v3)} ]) -->
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-
-</section> <!-- end of collection-types -->
-
-
-<section id="term-collection-insertion">
-<h3>Insertion</h3>
-
-
-<strong>Derivation-by-Insertion</strong> relation <span class="name">derivedByInsertionFrom(c2, c1, {(key_1, value_1), ..., (key_n, value_n)})</span> states that <span class="name">c2</span> is the state of the collection
-following the insertion of the set of pairs <span class="name"> {(key_1, value_1), ..., (key_n, value_n)}</span> into collection <span class="name">c1</span>.
-
-<p> A Derivation-by-Insertion relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression"> derivedByInsertionFrom(id, collAfter, collBefore, key-value-set, attrs)</span>,</span> contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>after</span>: an identifier for the collection <em>after</em> insertion; </li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>before</span>: an identifier for the collection <em>before</em> insertion;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>key-value-set</span>: a set of inserted key-value pairs, of the form {(key_1, value_1), ..., (key_n, value_n)} where each key_i is a value, and value_i is an identifier for the value that has been inserted with the key. This may be an entity identifier;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
-</ul>
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
- entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"]) // c is an empty collection
- entity(v1)
- entity(v2)
- entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"])
- entity(c2, [prov:type="Collection"])
-
- derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c, {("k1", v1), ("k2",v2)})
- derivedByInsertionFrom(c2, c1, {("k3", v3)})
-</pre>
- From this set of assertions, we conclude:
- <pre class="codeexample">
- c = { }
- c1 = { ("k1",v1),("k2",v2) }
- c2 = { ("k1",v1),("k2",v2), ("k3", v3) }
- </pre>
-</div>
-
-</section> <!-- insertion -->
-
-
-<section id="term-collection-removal">
-<h3>Removal</h3>
-
-<strong>Derivation-by-Removal</strong> relation <span class="name">derivedByRemovalFrom(c2,c1, {key_1, ... key_n})</span> states that <span class="name">c2</span> is the state of the collection following the removal of the set of pairs corresponding to keys <span class="name">key_1...key_n</span> from <span class="name">c1</span>.
-
-<p> A Derivation-by-Removal relation, written <span class="pnExpression"> derivedByRemovalFrom(id, collAfter, collBefore, key-set, attrs)</span>, contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>after</span>: an identifier for the collection <em>after</em> the deletion; </li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>before</span>: an identifier for the collection <em>before</em> the deletion;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>key-set</span>: a set of deleted keys, of the form {key_1,..., key_n};</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
-</ul>
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
- entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection
- entity(v1)
- entity(v2)
- entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"])
- entity(c2, [prov:type="Collection"])
-
- derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c, {("k1", v1), ("k2",v2)})
- derivedByInsertionFrom(c2, c1, {("k3", v3)})
- derivedByRemovalFrom(c3, c2, {k1,k3})
-</pre>
- From this set of assertions, we conclude:
- <pre class="codeexample">
- c = { }
- c1 = { ("k1",v1), ("k2", v2) }
- c2 = { ("k1",v1), ("k2", v2), ("k3", v3) }
- c3 = { ("k2",v2) }
- </pre>
-
-
-</div>
-
-</section> <!-- removal -->
-
-
-<!--
-<section id="term-collection-bulk">
-<h3>Bulk insertion and removal</h3>
-
-The following relations allow for insertion and removal assertions involving a set of key-value pairs.
-
-<p> A <strong>Derivation-by-Bulk-Insertion</strong> relation <span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression"> derivedByBulkInsertionFrom(id, collAfter, collBefore, key-value-set, attrs)</span>,</span> contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>after</span>: an identifier for the collection <em>after</em> insertion; </li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>before</span>: an identifier for the collection <em>before</em> insertion;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>key-value-set</span>: a set of inserted key-value pairs, of the form {(key_1, value_1), ..., (key_n, value_n)}</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p> A <strong>Derivation-by-Bulk-Removal</strong> relation, written <span class="pnExpression"> derivedByBulkRemovalFrom(id, collAfter, collBefore, key-set, attrs)</span>, contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>after</span>: an identifier for the collection <em>after</em> the deletion; </li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>before</span>: an identifier for the collection <em>before</em> the deletion;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>key-set</span>: a set of deleted keys, of the form {key_1,..., key_n}</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
-</ul>
-
-</section> <!-- bulk ops -->
-
-
-
-<section id="term-collection-containment">
-<h3>Membership</h3>
-
-The insertion and removal relations make insertions and removals explicit as part of the history of a collection. This, however, requires explicit mention of the state of the collection prior to each insertion. The membership relation removes this needs, allowing the state of a collection <span class="name">c</span> to be asserted without having to introduce a prior state. This allows for the natural expression of a collection state, for instance in cases where a program or workflow block produces a new collection <span class="name">c</span> with known content. In such cases,
-<span class="name">memberOf(c,{(key_1, value_1), ..., (key_n, value_n)})</span> asserts that <span class="name">c</span> is known to include <span class="name">{(key_1, value_1), ..., (key_n, value_n)}</span>, without having to introduce an initial state. <br/>
-
-<!--
-This relation is introduced as a convenience, as it can be rewritten as an insertion operation by introducing a prior state: <br/>
-<span class="name">contained(c,k, v)</span> iff there exists a collection <span class="name">c0</span> such that <span class="name">derivedByInsertionFrom(c, c0, k, v)</span>.
--->
-
-<p> A <strong>Membership</strong> relation, written <span class="pnExpression"> memberOf(id, coll, key-value-set, attrs)</span>, contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>after</span>: an identifier for the collection whose members are asserted; </li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>key-value-set</span>: a set of key-value pairs that are members of the collection, of the form {(key_1, value_1), ..., (key_n, value_n)}</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
-
-</ul>
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
- entity(c, [prov:type="Collection"]) // e is a collection, with unknown content
- activity(a)
- wasGeneratedBy(c,a) // a produced c
-
- entity(v1)
- entity(v2)
- memberOf(c, {("k1", v1), ("k2", v2)} ) // c is contains ("k1", v1), ("k2", v2)
-
- entity(v2)
- entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"])
-
- derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c, {("k3", v3)})
-</pre>
- From this set of assertions, we conclude:
- <pre class="codeexample">
- c contains ("k1", v1), ("k2", v2)
- c1 contains ("k1", v1), ("k2", v2), ("k3", v3)
- </pre>
- Note that the state of <span class="name">c1</span> after these assertions is only partially known, because the initial state of <span class="name">c</span> is unknown. Alternatively, had the first assertion been
- <span class="name"> entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"])</span>,
- one would conclude that, based on these assertions, <span class="name">c1 = {("k1", v1) ("k2", v2), ("k3",v3)}</span>.
-</div>
-
-<!--
-<p> A <strong>Bulk-Containment</strong> relation, written <span class="pnExpression"> containedBulk(id, coll, key-value-set, attrs)</span>, contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>after</span>: an identifier for the collection whose members are asserted; </li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>key-value-set</span>: a set of key-value pairs contained in the collection, of the form {(key_1, value_1), ..., (key_n, value_n)}</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
-</ul>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
- entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"]) // e is a collection, with unknown content
-
- entity(v1)
- entity(v2)
- derivedByBulkInsertionFrom(c1, c, {("k1", v1), ("k2", v2)})
- derivedByInsertionFrom(c2, c1, "k3", v3)
- derivedByBulkRemovalFrom(c3, c1, {"k1", "k3"})
-
- containedBulk(c3, {("k4", v4), ("k5", v5)})
-</pre>
- From this set of assertions, we conclude:
- <pre class="codeexample">
- c = { }
- c1 = { ("k1", v1) ("k2", v2)}
- c2 = { ("k1", v1) ("k2", v2), ("k3", v3)}
- c3 = { ("k2", v2), ("k4", v4), ("k5", v5)}
- </pre>
-</div>
--->
-
-
-
-</section> <!-- Containment -->
-
-
-<section id="term-collection-state">
-
-<h3>State of collections and use of weaker <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> relation</h3>
-
-<p>The state of a collection is only known to the extent that a chain of derivations starting from an empty collection can be found. Since a set of assertions regarding a collection's evolution may be incomplete, so is the reconstructed state obtained by querying those assertions. In general, all assertions reflect partial knowledge reagrding a sequence of data transformation events. In the particular case of collection evolution, in which some of the state changes may have been missed, the more generic <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> relation should be used to signal that some updates may have occurred, which cannot be precisely asserted as insertions or removals. The following two examples illustrate this.</p>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
- entity(c, [prov:type="collection"]) // c is a collection, possibly not empty
- entity(v1)
- entity(v2, [prov:type="collection"]) // v2 is a collection
-
- derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c, k1, v1)
- derivedByInsertionFrom(c2, c1, k2, v2)
- </pre>
- From this set of assertions, we conclude:
- <pre class="codeexample">
- c1 includes (k1,v1) but may contain additional unknown pairs
- c2 includes (k1,v1), (k2 v2) (and possibly more pairs), where v2 is a collection with unknown state
- </pre>
-
- </div>
- In the example, the state of <span class="name">c2</span> is only partially known because the collection is constructed from partially known other collections.
-
- <div class="anexample">
- <pre class="codeexample">
- entity(c, [prov:type="emptyCollection"]) // c is an empty collection
- entity(v1)
- entity(v2)
- entity(c1, [prov:type="collection"])
- entity(c2, [prov:type="collection"])
- entity(c3, [prov:type="collection"])
-
- derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c, k1, v1)
- wasDerivedFrom(c2, c1)
- derivedByInsertionFrom(c3, c2, k2, v2)
- </pre>
- From this set of assertions, we conclude:
- <pre class="codeexample">
- c1 = { (k1,v1) }
- c2 is somehow derived from c1, but the precise sequence of updates is unknown
- c3 includes (k2 v2) but the earlier "gap" leaves uncertainty regarding (k1,v1) <br/> (it may have been removed) or any other pair that may have been added as part of the derivation activities.
- </pre>
- </div>
-
-Further considerations: <p/>
-
-<ul>
-<li>In Key-Value pairs, Keys are <a href="#term-value">values</a>, and Values are entities. This allows expressing nested collections, that is, collections whose values include entities of type collection.</li>
-
-<li>As the relation names suggest, insertion and removal relations are a particular case of <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a>.</li>
-
-
-
-<li>The state of a collection (i.e., the set of key-value pairs it contains) at a given point in a sequence of operations is never stated explicitly. Rather, it can be obtained by querying the chain of derivations involving insertions and removals. Entity type <span class="name">emptyCollection</span> can be used in this context as it marks the start of a sequence of collection operations.</li>
-
-
-<li>The representation of a collection through these relations, makes no assumption regarding the underlying data structure used to store and manage collections. In particular, no assumptions are needed regarding the mutability of a data structure that is subject to updates. Entities, however, are immutable and this applies to those entities that represent collections. This is reflected in the constraints listed in Part II. </li>
-</ul>
-
-
- </section> <!-- term-collection-state -->
-
-</section> <!-- end collections-->
-
-
-<section id="component6">
-<h3>Component 6: Annotations</h3>
-
-<p>The sixth component of PROV-DM is concerned with <a title="note">notes</a> and <a title="annotation">annotations</a>.
-</p>
-
-
- <section id="term-note">
-
-<h4>Note</h4>
-
-<p>As provenance descriptions are exchanged between systems, it may be useful to add extra-information to what they are describing. For instance, a "trust service" may add value-judgements about the
-trustworthiness of some of the entities or agents involved. Likewise, an interactive visualization component may want to enrich a set of provenance descriptions with information helping reproduce their
-visual representation. To help with interoperability, PROV-DM introduces a simple annotation mechanism allowing anything that is identifiable to be associated with notes.</p>
-
-<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-note">A <dfn>note</dfn><span class="withPn">, noted <span class="pnExpression">note(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-N,</span> contains:
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="note.id">id</span>: an identifier for a note;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="note.attributes">attributes</span>: a set of attribute-value pairs, whose meaning is application specific.</li>
-</ul></div>
-
-
-
-
-<p>A separate PROV-DM relation is used to associate a note with something that is identifiable (see <a href="#term-annotation">Section on annotation</a>). A given note may be associated with
-multiple identifiable things.
-</p>
-
-
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-note1">
-<p>
-The following note consists of a set of application-specific attribute-value pairs, intended
-to help the rendering of what it is associated with, by
-specifying its color and its position on the screen.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-note(ex2:n1,[ex2:color="blue", ex2:screenX=20, ex2:screenY=30])
-hasAnnotation(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex2:n1)
-</pre>
-<p>The note is associated with the entity <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> previously introduced (<a title="annotation">hasAnnotation</a> is
-discussed in Section <a href="#term-annotation">Annotation</a>). The note's identifier and attributes are declared in a separate namespace denoted by prefix <span class="name">ex2</span>.
-</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-note2">
-<p>Alternatively, a reputation service may enrich a provenance record with notes providing reputation ratings about agents. In the following fragment, both agents <span class="name">ex:Simon</span> and <span class="name">ex:Paolo</span> are rated "excellent".</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-note(ex3:n2,[ex3:reputation="excellent"])
-hasAnnotation(ex:Simon,ex3:n2)
-hasAnnotation(ex:Paolo,ex3:n2)
-</pre>
-<p>The note's identifier and attributes are declares in a separate namespace denoted by prefix <span class="name">ex3</span>.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-
- </section>
-
-<section id="term-annotation">
-<h4>Annotation</h4>
-
-
-
-<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-annotation"></span>
-
-<p>Multiple notes can
-be associated with a given identified object; symmetrically, multiple objects can be associated with a given note. Since notes have identifiers, they can also be
-annotated. The annotation mechanism (with note and annotation) forms a key aspect of the extensibility mechanism of PROV-DM (see <a
-href="#extensibility-section">extensibility section</a>).</p>
-
-<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-annotation">An <dfn title="hasAnnotation">annotation relation</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">hasAnnotation(r,n)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has the following constituents:
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="annotation.id">something</span>: the identifier of something being annotated;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="annotation.note">note</span>: an identifier of a note.</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-The following expressions</p>
-<pre class="codexample">
-entity(e1,[prov:type="document"])
-entity(e2,[prov:type="document"])
-activity(a,t1,t2)
-used(u1,a,e1,[ex:file="stdin"])
-wasGeneratedBy(e2, a, [ex:file="stdout"])
-
-note(n1,[ex:icon="doc.png"])
-hasAnnotation(e1,n1)
-hasAnnotation(e2,n1)
-
-note(n2,[ex:style="dotted"])
-hasAnnotation(u1,n2)
-</pre>
-<p>describe two documents (attribute-value pair: <span class="name">prov:type="document"</span>) identified by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span
-class="name">e2</span>, and their annotation with a note indicating that the icon (an application specific way of rendering provenance) is <span class="name">doc.png</span>. The example also
-includes an activity, its usage of the first entity, and its generation of the second entity. The <a title="dfn-usage">usage</a> is annotated with a style (an application specific way
-of rendering this edge graphically). To be able to express this annotation, the usage was provided with an identifier <span class="name">u1</span>, which was then referred to in <span
-class="name">hasAnnotation(u1,n2)</span>.
-</p>
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-<section id="second-class-elements">
-<h3>Further Elements of PROV-DM</h3>
-
-This section introduces further elements of PROV-DM.
-
-<section id="term-NamespaceDeclaration">
-<h3>Namespace Declaration</h3>
-
-<p>A PROV-DM <dfn id="dfn-namespace">namespace</dfn> is identified by an IRI reference [[!IRI]]. In PROV-DM, attributes, identifiers, and values with <a title="qualified name">qualified names</a> as data type can be placed in a namespace using the mechanisms described in this specification. </p>
-
-
-<p>A <dfn id="dfn-namespaceDeclaration">namespace declaration</dfn> consists of a binding between a prefix and a namespace. Every qualified name with this prefix in the scope of this
-declaration refers to this namespace.
-A <dfn id="dfn-defaultNamespaceDeclaration">default namespace declaration</dfn> consists of a namespace. Every un-prefixed qualified name in the scope of this default namespace declaration
-refers to this namespace.</p>
-
-<p>The PROV-DM namespace is <span class="name">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-dm/</span> (TBC).</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-identifier">
-<h4>Identifier</h4>
-
-<p>
-An <dfn id="dfn-identifier">identifier</dfn> is a <a>qualified
- name</a>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-A <dfn id="dfn-qualifiedName">qualified name</dfn> is a name subject to <a>namespace</a> interpretation. It consists of a <a>namespace</a>, denoted by an optional prefix, and a local name.</p>
-
-
-<p>PROV-DM stipulates that a qualified name can be mapped into an IRI
- by concatenating the IRI associated with the prefix and the local part.</p>
-
-<p>A qualified name's prefix is OPTIONAL. If a prefix occurs in a
- qualified name, it refers to a <a>namespace</a> declared in a namespace declaration. In the absence of prefix, the qualified name
- refers to the <a title="default namespace declaration">default namespace</a>.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-attribute">
-<h4>Attribute</h4>
-
-<p>An <dfn title="dfn-attribute">attribute</dfn> is a <a>qualified name</a>.
-
-
-<p>The PROV data model introduces a pre-defined set of attributes in the <a href="#prov-dm-namespace">PROV-DM namespace</a>, which we define below.
-The interpretation of any attribute declared in another namespace is out of scope.</p>
-
-<section id="term-attribute-role">
-<h4>prov:role</h4>
-
-<p>The attribute <dfn title="dfn-role"><span class="name">prov:role</span></dfn> denotes the function of an entity with respect to an activity, in the context of a usage, generation,
-activity association, activity start, and activity end. The attribute <span class="name">prov:role</span> is allowed to occur multiple times in a list of attribute-value pairs. The value associated with a <span
-class="name">prov:role</span> attribute MUST be a PROV-DM <a title="value">Value</a>.</p>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>The following activity start describes the role of the agent identified by <span class="name">ag</span> in this start relation with activity <span class="name">a</span>. </p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
- wasStartedBy(a,ag, [prov:role="program-operator"])
-</pre>
-</div>
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-attribute-type">
-<h4>prov:type</h4>
-
-<p>The attribute <dfn title="dfn-type"><span class="name">prov:type</span></dfn> provides further typing information for an element or relation. PROV-DM liberally
-defines a type as a category of things having common characteristics. PROV-DM is agnostic about the representation of types, and only states that
-the value associated with a <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute MUST be a PROV-DM <a title="value">Value.</a> The attribute <span class="name">prov:type</span>
-is allowed to occur multiple times.</p>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>The following describes an agent of type software agent.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
- agent(ag, [prov:type="prov:SoftwareAgent" %% xsd:QName])
-</pre>
-</div>
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="term-attribute-label">
-<h4>prov:label</h4>
-
-<p> The attribute <dfn title="dfn-label"><span class="name">prov:label</span></dfn> provides a human-readable representation of a PROV-DM element or relation. The value associated with the attribute <span class="name">prov:label</span> MUST be a string.</p>
-
-<div class='issue'>
- This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/219">ISSUE-219</a>. </div>
-</section>
-
-
-
-<section id="term-attribute-location">
-<h4>prov:location</h4>
-
-<p>A <dfn title="dfn-Location">location</dfn> can be an identifiable geographic place (ISO 19112), but it can also be a non-geographic place such as a directory, row, or column. As such, there are numerous ways in which location can be expressed, such as by a coordinate,
-address, landmark, and so forth. This document does not specify how to concretely express locations, but instead provide a mechanism to introduce locations, by means of attributes. </p>
-
-
-<p>
-The attribute <dfn title="dfn-location"><span class="name">prov:location</span></dfn> is an OPTIONAL attribute of entity and activity. The value associated with the attribute <span class="name">prov:location</span> MUST be a PROV-DM <a title="value">Value</a>, expected to denote a location.
-</p>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>The following expression describes entity Mona Lisa, a painting, with a location attribute. </p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
- entity(ex:MonaLisa, [prov:location="Le Louvres, Paris", prov:type="StillImage"])
-</pre>
-</div>
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-value">
-<h4>Value</h4>
-
-<p>
-By means of attribute-value pairs, the PROV data model can refer to <dfn title="value">values</dfn> such as strings, numbers, time, qualified names, and IRIs.
-The interpretation of such values is outside the scope of PROV-DM.</p>
-Each kind of such values is called a <em>datatype</em>. Each datatype is identified by an <a>qualified name</a>.</p>
-
-<p>The data types are taken from
-the set of XML Schema Datatypes, version 1.1 [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]] and the RDF specification [[!RDF-CONCEPTS]]. The normative definitions of these datatypes are provided by the respective specifications.
-</p>
-
-<p>We note that PROV-DM <dfn title="dfn-time">time instants</dfn> are defined according to xsd:dateTime [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]].</p>
-
-
-
-<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<caption>PROV-DM Data Types</caption>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#decimal">xsd:decimal</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#double">xsd:double</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#dateTime">xsd:dateTime</a></td> </tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#integer">xsd:integer</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#float">xsd:float</a></td> </tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#nonNegativeInteger">xsd:nonNegativeInteger</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#string">xsd:string</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#section-XMLLiteral">rdf:XMLLiteral</a></td> </tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#nonPositiveInteger">xsd:nonPositiveInteger</a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#normalizedString">xsd:normalizedString</a></td> </tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#positiveInteger">xsd:positiveInteger</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#token">xsd:token</a></td> </tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#negativeInteger">xsd:negativeInteger</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#language">xsd:language</a></td> </tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#long">xsd:long</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#Name">xsd:Name</a></td> </tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#int">xsd:int</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#NCName">xsd:NCName</a></td> </tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#short">xsd:short</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#NMTOKEN">xsd:NMTOKEN</a></td> </tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#byte">xsd:byte</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#boolean">xsd:boolean</a></td> </tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedLong">xsd:unsignedLong</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#hexBinary">xsd:hexBinary</a></td> </tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedInt">xsd:unsignedInt</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#base64Binary">xsd:base64Binary</a></td> </tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedShort">xsd:unsignedShort</a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#anyURI">xsd:anyURI</a></td> </tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedByte">xsd:unsignedByte</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#anyURI">xsd:QName</a></td></tr>
-</table>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-value">
-<p>
-The following examples respectively are the string "abc", the string "abc", the integer number 1, and the IRI "http://example.org/foo".
-<pre class="codeexample">
- "abc"
- 1
- "http://example.org/foo" %% xsd:anyURI
-</pre>
-<p>The following example shows a value of type <span class="name">xsd:QName</span> (see
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-2-20041028/#QName">QName</a> [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]]).
-The prefix <span class="name">ex</span> MUST be bound to a <a>namespace</a> declared in a <a>namespace declaration</a>.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
- "ex:value" %% xsd:QName
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-time">
-<p>
-In the following example, the generation time of entity <span class="name">e1</span> is expressed according to
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#dateTime">xsd:dateTime</a> [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]].</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
- wasGeneratedBy(e1,a1, 2001-10-26T21:32:52)
-</pre>
-</section>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-<!-- end sec. 5 -->
-
- <section id="extensibility-section">
-<h2>PROV-DM Extensibility Points</h2>
-
-
-<p>The PROV data model provides several extensibility points that allow designers to specialize it to specific applications or domains. We summarize these extensibility points here:
-
-<ul>
-<li> Attributes occur in all elements and relations of the data model. Applications are free to introduce
-application-specific attributes, according to their perspective on the world. Attributes for a given application can be distinguished by qualifying them with a prefix denoting a namespace
-declared in a namespace declaration.
-
-<p>The <a href="#prov-dm-namespace">PROV-DM namespace</a> declares a set of reserved attributes catering for extensibility: <span class="name">type</span>, <span
-class="name">location</span>.</li>
-
-
-<li> Sets of Attribute-value pairs offer a mechanism to
-describe modalities of use, generation, activity association, and responsibility chain.
-Such attributes are also qualified by namespaces.
-
-<p>To this end, the <a href="#prov-dm-namespace">PROV-DM namespace</a> declares a reserved attribute: <span class="name">role</span>.</p></li>
-
-
-<li>Notes allow arbitrary metadata to be associated with anything identifiable in PROV-DM. Notes consist of name-value pairs. Like attributes, names are qualified by a
-namespace.</li>
-
-
-<li>Namespaces allow attributes and names to be qualified. </li>
-
-<li>Sub-typing of elements and relations is allowed by means of the reserved attribute <span class="name">type</span>.</li>
-
-<li>Domain specific values can be expressed by means of typed values. </li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>The PROV data model is designed to be application and technology independent, but specializations of PROV-DM are welcome and encouraged. To ensure interoperability, specializations of
-the PROV data model that exploit the extensibility points summarized in this section MUST preserve the semantics specified in the PROV-DM documents (part 1 to 3). </p>
-
-
-
- </section>
-
-
-
-<section id="FurtherConsiderations">
-<h4>Data Model Constraints</h4>
-
-
-<ul>
-
-<li>This specification defines PROV-DM, a data model that allows
-descriptions of the people, institutions, entities, and activities,
-involved in producing, influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a
-thing to be expressed. However, with this data model, it is also possible to compose
-descriptions that would not make sense: for instance, one could
-express that an entity was used before it was generated, or that the
-activity that generated an entity began its existence after the entity
-generation. A set of consistency constraints have been defined for PROV-DM and
-can be found in a companion specification [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]].
-They can be used by asserters as a guideline for composing provenance descriptions that are consistent, and
-by implementers of reasoning engines. </li>
-
-
-
-<li>
-<p> The example of <a href="#prov-dm-example">section 3</a> contains identifiers such as <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span>, which denotes a specific version of a technical report. On the other hand, a URI such as <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a> points to the latest version of a document. One needs to ensure that provenance descriptions for the latter document remain valid as denoted resources change. </p>
-
-<p>To this end, PROV-DM allows asserters to describe "<em>partial states</em>" of entities by means of attributes and associated values. Some further constraints apply to the use of these attributes, since the values associated with them are expected to remain unchanged for some period of time. The constraints associated to attributes are also specified in the companion specification [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]].</p>
-
-
-</li>
-
-
-<li>The existence of some mechanism(s) by which a set of provenance descriptions can be bundled up and named is assumed. No such mechanism is considered as mature for standardization, and therefore such mechanisms remain outside the scope of PROV-DM. Various ways of achieving this functionality exist, for instance, by:
-<ul>
-<li> bundling up a set of descriptions in a file and exposing it as a Web resource;</li>
-<li> relying on specific serializations to name bundles of descriptions;</li>
-<li> using the idea of a service that is capable of associating provenance descriptions to whom they are attributed to.</li>
-</ul>
-<p>Even though a mechanism for blundling up provenance descriptions and naming them is not part of PROV-DM, the idea of a bundle of descriptions is crucial to the PROV approach. Indeed, it allows multiple provenance perspectives to be provided for a given entity. It is also the mechanism by which provenance of provenance can be expressed. Such a named bundle is being referred to as an <dfn>account</dfn> and is regarded as an <a title="concept-accountEntity">AccountEntity</a> so that its provenance can be expressed. The notion of account is specified in the companion specification [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]], as well as constraint that <dfn>structurally well-formed</dfn> descriptions are expected to satisfy.</p>
-</li>
-
-
-</ul>
-
-
-</section>
-
-<div id="glossary_div" class="remove">
-<!-- glossary loaded from glossary.js will be hooked up here,
- class remove, will remove this element from the final output.
--->
-</div>
-
- </body>
-</html>
--- a/model/working-copy/wd5-prov-dm-constraints-revised.html Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,2315 +0,0 @@
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- "CLOCK":
- "Lamport, L. "+
- "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
- "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
- "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
- "CSP":
- "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
- "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
- "Logic":
- "W. E. Johnson"+
- "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
- "1924. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
- "PROV-SEM":
- "James Cheney "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Work in progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
-
- "PROV-PRIMER":
- "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-DM":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
-
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- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\"><cite>PROV-N ....</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-O":
- "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
-
- "PROV-AQ":
- "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
- };
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-
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-
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-
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- <body>
-
- <section id="abstract">
-<p>
-PROV-DM, the PROV data model, is a data model for provenance that describes
-the entities, people and activities involved in
-producing a piece of data or thing.
-PROV-DM is structured in six components, dealing with:
-(1) entities and activities, and the time at which they were created, used, or ended;
-(2) agents bearing responsibility for entities that were generated and activities that happened;
-(3) derivations of entities from entities;
-(4) properties to link entities that refer to a same thing;
-(5) collections forming a logical structure for its members;
-(6) a simple annotation mechanism.
-</p>
-
-
-<p> This document introduces a further set of concepts useful for
- understanding the PROV data model and defines <i>inferences</i>
- that are allowed on provenance descriptions and <i>validity
- constraints</i> that well-structured provenance descriptions should
- follow. These inferences and constraints are useful for readers who
- develop applications that generate provenance or reason over
- provenance.
-</p>
-</section>
-
-<section id="sotd">
-<h4>PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
-This document is part of the PROV family of specifications, a set of specifications defining various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
-interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. The specifications are:
-<ul>
-<li> PROV-DM, the PROV data model for provenance;</li>
-<li> PROV-CONSTRAINTS, a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model (this document);</li>
-<li> PROV-N, a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption;</li>
-<li> PROV-O, the PROV ontology, an OWL-RL ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF;</li>
-<li> PROV-AQ, the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance; </li>
-<li> PROV-PRIMER, a primer for the PROV data model;</li>
-<li> PROV-SEM, a formal semantics for the PROV data model;</li>
-<li> PROV-XML, an XML schema for the PROV data model.</li>
-</ul>
-<h4>How to read the PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
-<ul>
-<li>The primer is the entry point to PROV offering an introduction to the provenance model.</li>
-<li>The Linked Data and Semantic Web community should focus on PROV-O defining PROV classes and properties specified in an OWL-RL ontology. For further details, PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS specify the constraints applicable to the data model, and its interpretation. PROV-SEM provides a mathematical semantics.</li>
-<li>The XML community should focus on PROV-XML defining an XML schema for PROV-DM. Further details can also be found in PROV-DM, PROV-CONSTRAINTS, and PROV-SEM.</li>
-<li>Developers seeking to retrieve or publish provenance should focus on PROV-AQ.</li>
-<li>Readers seeking to implement other PROV serializations
-should focus on PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS. PROV-O, PROV-N, PROV-XML offer examples of mapping to RDF, text, and XML, respectively.</li>
-</ul>
-
-<h4>First Public Working Draft</h4>
- <p>This is the first public release of the PROV-CONSTRAINTS
-document. Following feedback, the Working Group has decided to
-reorganize the PROV-DM document substantially, separating the data model,
-from its constraints, and the notation used to illustrate it. The
-PROV-CONSTRAINTS release is synchronized with the release of the PROV-DM, PROV-O,
-PROV-PRIMER, and PROV-N documents.
-</p>
-</section>
-
-
-
-
- <section id="introduction">
- <h2>Introduction<br>
-</h2>
-
-<p> Provenance is a record that describes the people, institutions,
- entities, and activities, involved in producing, influencing, or
- delivering a piece of data or a thing. This document complements
- the PROV-DM specification [[PROV-DM]] that defines a data model for
- provenance on the Web. </p>
-
-
-
- <section id="conventions">
-<h3>Conventions</h3>
-
-
-
-<p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
- NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
- "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
- [[!RFC2119]].</p>
- </section>
-
-
-<section id="purpose">
-
-<h3>Purpose of this document</h3>
-
-<p> PROV-DM is a conceptual data model for provenance (realizable
-using different serializations such as PROV-N, PROV-O, or PROV-XML).
-However, nothing in the PROV-DM specification [[PROV-DM]] forces PROV
-descriptions to be meaningful, that is, to correspond to a consistent
-history of objects and interactions. Furthermore, nothing in the
-PROV-DM specification enables applications to perform inferences over
-provenance descriptions. </p>
-
-<p> This document specifies <em>inferences</em> over PROV descriptions that
-applications MAY employ, including definitions of some provenance
-descriptions in terms of others, and also defines a class of <em>valid</em>
-PROV descriptions by specifying <em>constraints</em> that valid PROV descriptions must
-satisfy. Applications SHOULD produce valid provenance and
-MAY reject provenance that is not valid in order to increase
-the usefulness of provenance and reliability of applications that
-process it.</p>
-
-<p> This specification lists inferences and definitions together in one
-section (<a href="#inferences" class="sectionRef"></a>), defines the
-induced notion of <a>equivalence</a> (<a href="#equivalence"
-class="sectionRef"></a>), and then
-considers two kinds of validity constraints (<a href="#constraints"
-class="sectionRef"></a>): <em>structural constraints</em> that
-prescribe properties of PROV descriptions that can be checked directly
-by inspecting the syntax, and <em>event ordering</em> constraints that
-require that the records in a <a>PROV description</a> are consistent with a
-sensible ordering of events relating the activities, entities and
-agents involved. In separate sections we consider additional
-constraints specific to collections and accounts (<a
- href="#collection-constraints" class="sectionRef"></a> and <a
- href="#account-constraints" class="sectionRef"></a>). </p>
-
-<div class="note">Question to James: The term 'PROV Instance' seems to have a precise meaning. I read this as a PROV Description Set. Should we define it? Every where it occurs, there is a link to its first occurrence.</div>
-
-<p>
-The specification also describes how the inferences, definitions, and
-constraints should be used (<a href="#compliance"
-class="sectionRef"></a>). Briefly, a PROV compliant application is
-allowed (but not required) to treat two PROV descriptions the same
-if they are equal after applying the inference rules and possibly
-reordering expressions, and we can define a canonical form for <a title="PROV instance">PROV
-instances</a> obtained by applying all possible inference rules. In
-addition, a validating PROV application is required to check that
-the constraints are satisfied in (the normal form of) provenance data generated or consumed by the application.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Finally, the specification includes a section (<a
- href="#rationale" class="sectionRef"></a>) describing the rationale
-for the inferences and constraints in greater detail, particularly
-background on events, attributes, the role of inference, and
-accounts. A formal mathematical model that further justifies the
-constraints and inferences is found in [[PROV-SEM]].
-</p>
-
-</section>
-<section id="audience">
-<h3> Audience </h3>
-
-<p> The audience for this document is the same as for [[PROV-DM]]: developers
-and users who wish to create, process, share or integrate provenance
-records on the (Semantic) Web. Not all PROV-compliant applications
-need to check validity when processing provenance, but many
-applications could benefit from the inference rules specified here.
-Conversely, applications that create or transform provenance should
-try to produce valid provenance, to make it more useful to other
-applications.
-</p>
-
-<p>This document assumes familiarity with [[PROV-DM]].
-</p>
-</section>
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-<section id="inferences">
-<h2>Inferences and Definitions</h2>
-
-<p>
-In this section, we describe <a title="inference">inferences</a> and <a title="definition">definitions</a> that MAY be used on
- provenance data, and a notion of <a
-title="equivalence">equivalence</a> on PROV descriptions.
-An <dfn id="inference">inference</dfn> is a rule that can be applied
- to PROV descriptions to add new PROV expressions. A <dfn
- id="definition">definition</dfn> is a rule that states that a
- provenance expression is equivalent to some other expressions; thus,
- defined provenance expressions can be replaced by their definitions,
-and vice versa.
-</p>
-
-<p> Inferences have the following general form:</p>
-<div class='inference' id='inference-example'>
- <span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">hyp_1</span> and ... and
-<span class="name">hyp_k</span> <span class='conditional'>THEN</span>
- there exists <span class="name">a_1</span> and ... and <span
- class="name">a_m</span> such that <span
- class="name">conclusion_1</span> and ... and <span class="name">conclusion_n</span>.
- </div>
-
-<p>
- This means that if all of the provenance expressions matching <span class="name">hyp_1</span>... <span class="name">hyp_k</span>
- can be found in a PROV description, we can add all of the expressions
- <span class="name">concl_1</span> ... <span class="name">concl_n</span> to the instance, possibly after generating fresh
- identifiers <span class="name">a_1</span>,...,<span class="name">a_m</span> for unknown objects. These fresh
- identifiers might later be found to be equal to known identifiers;
- these fresh identifiers play a similar role in PROV descriptions to existential variables in logic.
-</p>
-<div class='note'>
- TODO: Is this re-inventing blank nodes in PROV-DM, and do we want to
- do this? A lot of the inferences have existentially quantified
- conclusions (and there is some theory that supports this).
-
- TODO: Make sure conjunctive reading of conclusion is clear.
- </div>
-
-<p> Definitions have the following general form:</p>
-
-<div class='definition' id='definition-example'>
- <span class="name">defined_exp</span> holds <span class='conditional'>IF AND ONLY IF </span>
- there exists <span class="name">a_1</span>,..., <span
- class="name">a_m</span> such that <span
- class="name">defining_exp_1</span> and ... and <span class="name">defining_exp_n</span>.
- </div>
-
- <p>
- This means that a provenance expression defined_exp is defined in
- terms of other expressions. This can be viewed as a two-way
- inference: If <span class="name">defined_exp</span>
- can be found in a PROV description, we can add all of the expressions
-<span class="name">defining_exp_1</span> ... <span class="name">defining_exp_n</span> to the instance, possibly after generating fresh
- identifiers <span class="name">a_1</span>,...,<span class="name">a_m</span> for unknown objects. Conversely, if there
- exist identifiers <span class="name">a_1</span>...<span class="name">a_m</span> such that <span class="name">defining_exp_1</span>
- and ... and <span class="name">defining_exp_n</span> hold in the instance, we can add the defined
- expression <span class="name">def_exp</span>. When an expression is defined in terms of
- others, it is in a sense redundant; it is safe to replace it with
- its definition.
-</p>
-
-
-
-<section>
- <h3>Component 1: Entities and Activities</h3>
-
-
-<p>Communication between activities is <a title="definition">defined</a> in terms
-as the existence of an underlying entity generated by one activity and used by the
-other.</p>
-
-<div class='definition' id='wasInformedBy-definition'>Given two activities identified by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>,
-<span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span>
-holds <span class='conditional'>IF AND ONLY IF</span>
- there is an entity with some identifier <span class="name">e</span> and some sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs1</span> and <span class="name">attrs2</span>,
-such that <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(-,e,a1,-,attrs1)</span> and <span class="name">used(-,a2,e,-,attrs2)</span> hold.
-</div>
-
-<p>The relationship <span class="name">wasInformedBy</span> is not
-transitive. Indeed, consider the following descriptions.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-wasInformedBy(a2,a1)
-wasInformedBy(a3,a2)
-</pre>
-<p> We cannot infer <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a3,a1)</span> from these expressions. Indeed,
-from
-<span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span>, we know that there exists <span class="name">e1</span> such that <span class="name">e1</span> was generated by <span class="name">a1</span>
-and used by <span class="name">a2</span>. Likewise, from <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a3,a2)</span>, we know that there exists <span class="name">e2</span> such that <span
-class="name">e2</span> was generated by <span class="name">a2</span> and used by <span class="name">a3</span>. The following illustration shows a case for which transitivity cannot hold. The
-horizontal axis represents the event line. We see that <span class="name">e1</span> was generated after <span class="name">e2</span> was used. Furthermore, the illustration also shows that
-<span class="name">a3</span> completes before <span class="name">a1</span>. So it is impossible for <span class="name">a3</span> to have used an entity generated by <span
-class="name">a1</span>.</p>
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
-<figure>
-<img src="images/informedByNonTransitive.png" alt="non transitivity of wasInformedBy" />
-<figcaption>Counter-example for transitivity of wasInformedBy</figcaption>
-</figure>
-</div>
-
-
-<p>Start of <span class="name">a2</span> by activity <span
-class="name">a1</span> is <a title="definition">defined</a> as follows.</p>
-
-<div class='definition' id='wasStartedByActivity-definition'>Given two activities with identifiers <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>,
- <span class="name">wasStartedByActivity(a2,a1)</span>
-holds <span class='conditional'>IF AND ONLY IF</span>
- there exists an entity <span class="name">e</span>
-such that
- <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(-,e,a1,-,-)</span>
- and <span class="name">wasStartedBy(-,a2,e,-,-)</span> hold.
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section >
-<h3>Component 2: Agents</h3>
-
-Attribution identifies an agent as responsible for an entity. An
-agent can only be responsible for an entity if it was associated with
-an activity that generated the entity. If the activity, generation
-and association events are not explicit in the description, they can
-be inferred.
-<div class='inference' id='attribution-implication'>
-<span class='conditional'>If</span>
-<span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e,ag)</span> holds for some identifiers
-<span class="name">e</span> and <span class="name">ag</span>,
-<span class='conditional'>THEN</span> there exists an activity with some identifier <span class="name">a</span> such that the following statements hold:
-<pre>
-activity(a, -, -,-)
-wasGeneratedBy(-,e, a, -,_)
-wasAssociatedWith(-,a, ag, -, -)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-<p> Responsibility relates agents where one agent acts on behalf of
-another, in the context of some activity. The supervising agent
-delegates some responsibility for part of the activity to the
-subordinate agent, while retaining some responsibility for the overall
-activity. </p>
-
-
-<div class="note">
- @@TODO: Could this be an inference? Does it imply that
- a1 is associated with all activities a2 is associated with?
- </div>
-
-
-</section>
-
- <section>
-<h3>Component 3: Derivations</h3>
-
-
- <p>Derivations with an explicit activity and no usage admit the
- following inference: </p>
-<div class='inference' id='derivation-use'>
-<p>Given an activity <span class="name">a</span>, entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>,
-<span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(-,e2,e1, a, -)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(-,e2,a,-,-)</span> hold, <span
-class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">used(-,a,e1,-,-)</span> also holds.
-</div>
-<p>This inference is justified by the fact that the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span> is generated by at most one activity in a given account
-(see <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a>). Hence, this activity is also the one referred to by the usage of <span class="name">e1</span>.
-</p>
-
-<div class="note">
- There is some redundancy in the following discussion.
- </div>
-
-<p>The converse inference does not hold.
-From <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> and <span class="name">used(a,e1,-)</span>, one cannot
-derive <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,-)</span> because identifier <span class="name">e1</span> may occur in usages performed by many activities, which may have not generated the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span>.</p>
-
- <p>
-Note that derivation cannot in general be inferred from the existence
-of related usage and generation events. Indeed, when a generation <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(g, e2, a, -, attrs2)</span>
-<a>precedes</a> <span class="name">used(u, a, e1, -, attrs1)</span>, for
-some <span class="name">e1</span>, <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="name">attrs1</span>, <span class="name">attrs2</span>, and <span class="name">a</span>, one
-cannot infer derivation <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g, u)</span>
-or <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> since
- <span class="name">e2</span> cannot possibly be derived from
- <span class="name">e1</span>, given the creation of <span class="name">e2</span> <a>precedes</a> the use
-of <span class="name">e1</span>. That is, if <span class="name">e1</span> is generated
-by an activity before <span class="name">e2</span> is used, then
-obviously <span class="name">e2</span> cannot have been derived from
-<span class="name">e1</span>. However, even if <span
-class="name">e2</span> happens used before <span class="name">e1</span>
-is generated, it is not safe to assume that <span
-class="name">e2</span> was derived from <span class="name">e1</span>.
-</p>
-
-<p> Derivation is not defined to be transitive. Domain-specific specializations of derivation may be defined in such a way that the transitivity property
-holds.</p>
-
-
-
-
-
-<p>A revision admits the following inference, linking the two entities
- by a derivation, and stating them to be alternates.</p>
-
-<div class='inference' id='wasRevision'>
-Given two identifiers <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span> identifying two entities, and an identifier <span class="name">ag</span> identifying an agent,
-<span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">wasRevisionOf(-,e2,e1,ag)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> the following
-hold:
-<pre>
-wasDerivedFrom(-,e2,e1,-)
-alternateOf(e1,e2)
-wasAttributedTo(e2,ag)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-<div class="note">
- The following doesn't make sense because wasRevisionOf and
- wasDerivedFrom have different types.
- </div>
-<p><span class="name">wasRevisionOf</span> is a strict sub-relation
- of <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom</span> since two entities <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span>
- may satisfy <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> without being a variant of
- each other.
-</p>
-
-
- <div class="note">
- Motivation for quotation inference
- </div>
-<div class='inference' id='quotation-implication'>
-<span class='conditional'>IF</span>
-<span class="name">wasQuotedFrom(e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</span> holds for some identifiers
-<span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="name">e1</span>, <span class="name">ag2</span>, <span class="name">ag1</span>,
-<span class='conditional'>THEN</span> the following hold:
-<pre>
-wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)
-wasAttributedTo(e2,ag2)
-wasAttributedTo(e1,ag1)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-<p>
-
-
-
-<p>Traceability allows an entity to be transitively linked to another entity it is derived from, to an agent it is attributed to, or another agent having some responsibility, or a trigger of an activity that generated it.</p>
-
-<p>Traceability can be inferred from existing descriptions, or can be asserted stating that a dependency path exists without its individual steps being expressed. This is captured
-by the following inferences:
-
-<div class='inference' id='traceability-inference'>
-Given two identifiers <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span> for entities,
-the following statements hold:
-
-<ol>
-<li><span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1)</span> holds, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">g2</span>, <span
-class="name">u1</span>, <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds.</li>
-<li><span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also
-holds.</li>
-<li><span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span
-class="name">wasAttributedTo(e2,ag1,aAttr)</span> holds, <span
-class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span
-class="name">tracedTo(e2,ag1)</span> also holds.
-</li>
-<li>
-<span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e2,ag2,aAttr)</span>, <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(-,e2,a,-,gAttr)</span>, and <span
-class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(ag2,ag1,a,rAttr)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">ag2</span>, <span class="name">ag1</span>, <span class="name">aAttr</span>, <span class="name">gAttr</span>, and <span class="name">rAttr</span>, <span
-class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,ag1)</span> also holds.</li>
-
-<li><span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span
-class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr)</span> and <span
-class="name">wasStartedBy(a,e1,sAttr)</span> hold, for some <span
-class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">gAttr</span> , <span
-class="name">sAttr</span> then <span
-class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> holds.</li>
-<li><span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e)</span> and <span class="name">tracedTo(e,e1)</span> hold for some <span class="name">e</span>, <span
-class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds.</li>
-</ol>
-</div>
-
-<p>We note that the inference rule <a
-href="#traceability-inference">traceability-inference</a> does not
-allow us to infer anything about the attributes of the related
-entities, agents or events.
-</p>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
- <section>
-<h3>Component 4: Alternate Entities</h3>
-<div class="note">TODO: There is currently no consensus what inferences on
- alternate or specialization should be assumed. The following
- section lists possible inferences that may or may not be adopted. Section is under review, pending ISSUE-29.
-</div>
-
-
- <p>The relation <span class='name'>alternateOf</span> is an equivalence relation: <a>reflexive</a>,
- <a>transitive</a> and <a>symmetric</a>.</p>
-
- <div class='inference' id="alternate-reflexive">
- For any entity <span class='name'>e</span>, we have <span class='name'>alternateOf(e,e)</span>.
- </div>
-
-
- <div class='inference' id="alternate-transitive">
- For any entities <span class='name'>e1</span>, <span
- class='name'>e2</span>, <span class='name'>e3</span>, <span class="conditional">IF</span> <span class='name'>alternateOf(e1,e2)</span> and
- <span class='name'>alternateOf(e2,e3)</span> <span class="conditional">THEN</span> <span class='name'>alternateOf(e1,e3)</span>.
- </div>
- <div class='inference' id="alternate-symmetric">
- For any entity <span class='name'>e1</span>, <span class='name'>e2</span>, <span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class='name'>alternateOf(e1,e2)</span> <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class='name'>alternateOf(e2,e1)</span>.
- </div>
-
-<p>Similarly, specialization is a partial order: it is <a>reflexive</a>,
- <a>anti-symmetric</a> and
- <a>transitive</a>.</p>
- <div class='inference' id="specialization-reflexive">
- For any entity <span class='name'>e</span>, we
- have <span class='name'>specializationOf(e,e)</span>.
- </div>
-
-<div class='inference' id="specialization-antisymmetric">
- For any
- entities <span class='name'>e1</span>, <span
- class='name'>e2</span>,
- <span class='conditional'>IF</span>
- <span class='name'>specializationOf(e1,e2)</span>
- and
- <span class='name'>specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> <span
- class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class='name'>e1 = e2</span>.
- </div>
- <div class='inference' id="specialization-transitive">
- For any
- entities <span class='name'>e1</span>, <span class='name'>e2</span>, <span class='name'>e3</span>, <span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class='name'>specializationOf(e1,e2)</span>
- and
- <span class='name'>specializationOf(e2,e3)</span> <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class='name'>specializationOf(e1,e3)</span>.
- </div>
-
-
-
- <p>Finally, if one entity specializes another, then they are also
- alternates:</p>
-
- <div class='inference' id="specialization-alternate">
- For any entities <span class='name'>e1</span>, <span class='name'>e2</span>, <span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class='name'>specializationOf(e1,e2)</span> <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class='name'>alternateOf(e1,e2)</span>.
- </div>
-
-
- <div class="note">TODO: Possible inferences about attributes,
- generation, invalidation?
- </div>
-
-
- <div class="note">
- The following sections are retained from an older version, and are
- not consistent with the above constraints. This will be revised
- once the consensus on ISSUE-29 is clearer.
- </div>
-
- <section id="term-Specialization">
-<h3>Specialization</h3>
-
-
-<p>Specialization is <em>neither symmetric nor anti-symmetric</em>.
-</p>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-not-symmetric">
-"Alice's toyota car on fifth Avenue" is a specialization of "Alice's toyota car", but the converse does not hold.
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-specialization-not-anti-symmetric">
-anti-symmetric counter-example???
-</div>
-
-
-<p>Specialization is <em>transitive</em>. Indeed if <span
-class="name">specializationOf(e1,e2)</span> holds, then there is some
-common thing, say <span class="name">T1-2</span> they both refer to,
-and <span class="name">e1</span> is a more specific aspect of this
-thing than <span class="name">e2</span>. Likewise, if <span
-class="name">specializationOf(e2,e3)</span> holds, then there is some
-common thing, say <span class="name">T2-3</span> they both refer to, and <span class="name">e2</span> is a more specific aspect of this
-thing than <span class="name">e3</span>. The things <span
-class="name">T1-2</span> and <span class="name">T2-3</span> are the
-same since <span class="name">e2</span> is an aspect of both of them,
-so <span
-class="name">specializationOf(e1,e3)</span> follows since <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e3</span>
-are aspects fo the same thing and <span class="name">e1</span> is more specific than <span class="name">e3</span>. </p>
-
-
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-specialization-is-transitive">
-A specialization of "this email message" would be, for example, the "printed version on my desk", which is a specialization of "my thoughts on this email thread". So, the "printed version on my desk" is also a specialization "my thoughts on this email thread".
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-Alternate">
-<h3>Alternate</h3>
-</section>
-
-
-<p>Alternate not is <em>reflexive</em>. Indeed, <span class="name">alternate(e,e)</span> does not hold for any arbitrary entity <span class="name">e</span> since <span class="name">e</span> may not be a specialization of another entity.</p>
-
-
-<p>Alternate is <em>symmetric</em>. Indeed, if <span class="name">alternate(e1,e2)</span> holds,
-then there exists an unspecified entity <span class="name">e</span>, such that
-both <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span> are specialization of <span class="name">e</span>.
-Therefore, <span class="name">alternate(e2,e1)</span> also holds.
-</p>
-
-
-
-<p>Alternate is <em>not transitive</em>. Indeed, if <span class="name">alternate(e1,e2)</span> holds,
-then there exists an unspecified entity <span class="name">e1-2</span>, such that
-both <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span> are specialization of <span class="name">e1-2</span>.
-Likewise, if <span class="name">alternate(e2,e3)</span> holds,
-then there exists an unspecified entity <span class="name">e2-3</span>, such that
-both <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e3</span> are specialization of <span class="name">e2-3</span>.
-It does not imply that there is a common entity <span class="name">e1-3</span>
-that both <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e3</span> specialize.
-</p>
-
-
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-alternate-not-transitive1">
-<p>At 6pm, the customer in a chair is a woman in a red dress, who happens to be Alice. After she leaves, another customer arrives at 7pm, a man with glasses, who happens to be Bob. Transitivity does not hold since the <span class="name">womanInRedDress\</span> is not alternate of <span class="name">customerInChairAt7pm</span>.
-<pre>
-alternate(womanInRedDress,customerInChairAt6pm)
-specialization(customerInChairAt6pm,Alice)
-specialization(womanInRedDress,Alice)
-
-alternate(manWithGlasses,customerInChairAt7pm)
-specialization(customerInChairAt7pm,Bob)
-specialization(manWithGlasses,Bob)
-
-alternate(customerInChairAt6pm, customerInChairAt7pm)
-specialization(customerInChairAt6pm, customerInChair)
-specialization(customerInChairAt7pm, customerInChair)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-<p>The above example shows that <span class="name">customerInChairAt6pm</span> and <span class="name">customerInChairAt7pm</span> are two alternate entities that have no overlap, while <span class="name">womanInRedDress</span> and <span class="name">customerInChairAt6pm</span> do overlap.
-The following example illustrates another case of non-overlapping alternate entities.
-</p>
-
-<div class="anexample">Two copies of the same book, where copy A was destroyed before copy B was made.</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-</section>
-
-
-
- <section id="equivalence">
-<h2>Equivalence</h2>
-
-
- For the purpose of checking inferences and constraints, we define a
-notion of <a>equivalence</a> of PROV descriptions. Equivalence is
-has the following characteristics:
-
-
-<ul>
- <li>Missing attributes that are interpreted as omitted values are
- handled by generating a fresh
- identifier for the omitted value.
- </li>
- <li> Redundant expressions are merged according to uniqueness
- constraints. </li>
- <li>
- The order of provenance expressions is irrelevant to the meaning of a PROV description. That is, a
- PROV description is equivalent to any other instance obtained by
- permuting its expressions.
- </li>
- <li>
- Inference rules and definitions preserve equivalence. That is, a <a>PROV
- instance</a> is equivalent to the instance obtained by applying any
- inference rule.
- </li>
- <li>Equivalence is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive.</li>
-</ul>
-
- <section id="optional-attributes">
- <h3>Optional Attributes</h3>
-
-<div class="note">
- TODO: Clarify how optional attributes are handled; clarify merging. The following is
- not very explicit about the difference between "not present" and
- "omitted but inferred".
- </div>
-<div id="optional-attributes1">PROV-DM allows for some attributes to
- be optionally expressed. Unless otherwise specified, when an
- optional attribute is not present in a description, some value
- SHOULD be assumed to exist for this attribute, though it is not
- known which.
-
- The only exceptions are:
- <ul>
- <li><span id="optional-attributes2">Activities also allow for an
- optional start time attribute. If both are specified, they MUST be
- the same, as expressed by the following constraint.</span></li>
- <li><span id="optional-attributes3">Activities also allow for an optional end time attribute. If both are specified, they MUST be the same, as expressed by the following constraint.</span></li>
- <li>
- <div id="optional-attributes6">In a quotation of the form <span class="name">wasQuotedFrom(e2,e1,-,-,attrs)</span>, the absence of an agent means: either no agent exists, or an agent exists but it is not identified.</div>
-</li>
-<li><div id="optional-attributes4">In an association of the form
- <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a, ag, -, attr)</span>, the
- absence of a plan means: either no plan exists, or a plan exists but
- it is not identified.</div></li>
- <li><div id="optional-attributes5">
-In an association of the form <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a, -, pl, attr)</span>, an agent exists but it is not identified.</div>
-</li>
-<li><div id="optional-activity">
-In a a delegation of the form <span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(a,
- ag2, ag1, -, attr)</span>, the absence of an activity means that
- <span class="name">a2</span> acts on behalf of <span
- class="name">a1</span> for all activities with which <span
- class="name">a2</span> is
- associated.
-</div></li>
- </ul>
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="normalization">
-<h3>Normalization</h3>
-
-
-<p>
-We define the <dfn>normal form</dfn> of a PROV description as the set
-of provenance expressions resulting from merging all of the overlapping
-expressions in the instance and applying all possible inference rules
-to this set. Formally, we say that two PROV descriptions are
-<dfn>equivalent</dfn> if they have the same normal form (that is,
-after applying all possible inference rules, the two instances produce
-the same set of PROV-DM expressions.)
-</p>
-
-<div class="note">
- We should check that normal forms exist, i.e. that applying rules
- and definitions eventually terminates. More clarity is needed about
- enforcing uniqueness via merging vs. constraint checking.
- </div>
-
-<p> An application that processes PROV-DM data SHOULD handle
-equivalent instances in the same way. (Common exceptions to this rule
-include, for example, pretty printers that seek to preserve the
-original order of statements in a file and avoid expanding
-inferences.) </p>
-
-</section>
-
-</section> <!-- inferences -->
-
-<section id="constraints">
-<h2>Validity Constraints</h2>
-
-
-
-
-<p>
-This section defines a collection of constraints on PROV descriptions. An PROV description is <dfn id="dfn-valid">valid</dfn>
- if, after applying all possible inference and definition rules from
- <a href="#inferences">Section 2</a>, the resulting instance
- satisfies all of the constraints specified in this section.
- Applications that process PROV descriptions SHOULD check that the data
- they generate is <a title="valid">valid</a> and MAY reject input
- provenance data that is not <a title="valid">valid</a>.
- </p>
-
- <p> There are two kinds of constraints:
- <ul><li><em>uniqueness constraints</em> that say that a <a>PROV
- instance</a> can contain at most one expression or that multiple
- expressions about the same objects need to have the same values (for
- example, if we describe the same generation event twice, then the
- two expressions should have the same times);
- </li>
- <li> and <em>event ordering constraints</em> that say that it
- should be possible to arrange the
- events (generation, usage, invalidation, start, end) described in a
- PROV description into a partial order that corresponds to a sensible
- "history" (for example, an entity should not be generated after it
- is used).
- </li>
- </ul>
-
-<p>The PROV data model is implicitly based on a notion of <dfn
- id="dfn-event">instantaneous event</dfn>s (or just <a
- title="instantaneous event">event</a>s), that mark
-transitions in the world. Events include generation, usage, or
-invalidation of entities, as well as starting or ending of activities. This
-notion of event is not first-class in the data model, but it is useful
-for explaining its other concepts and its semantics [[PROV-SEM]].
-Thus, events help justify <i>inferences</i> on provenance as well as
-<i>validity</i> constraints indicating when provenance is self-consistent. In <a href="#section-event-time" class="sectionRef"></a> we
-discuss the motivation for <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a>
-and their relationship to time in greater detail.</p>
-
-<p> PROV-DM
-identifies five kinds of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a>, namely <a>entity generation
-event</a>, <a>entity usage event</a>, <a>entity invalidation event</a>, <a>activity start event</a>
-and <a>activity end event</a>. PROV-DM adopts Lamport's clock
-assumptions [[CLOCK]] in the form of a reflexive, transitive partial order <a>follows</a>
-(and its inverse <a>precedes</a>) between <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a>. Furthermore,
-PROV-DM assumes the existence of a mapping from <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a> to time clocks,
-though the actual mapping is not in scope of this specification.</p>
-
-
-<div class="note">
- TODO: More about what it means for constraints to be satisfied;
- constraint template(s)
- </div>
-
- <section id="structural-constraints">
-<h3>Uniqueness Constraints</h3>
-
-<div class="note">
-Attribute uniqueness constraints?
-</div>
-
- <p> We assume that the various identified objects of PROV-DM have
- unique expressions describing them within a PROV description.
- </p>
- <div class='constraint' id='entity-unique'>
-<p>Given an entity identifier <span class="name">e</span>, there is at
- most one expression
-<span class="name">entity(e,attrs)</span>, where <span
- class="name">attrs</span> is some set of attribute-values.</p>
- </div>
- <div class='constraint' id='activity-unique'>
-<p>Given an activity identifier <span class="name">a</span>, there is
- at most one expression
-<span class="name">activity(a,t1,t2,attrs)</span>, where <span
- class="name">attrs</span> is some set of attribute-values.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="note">TODO: Same goes for all other objects:
- agent, note, generation, usage, invalidation, start, end,
- communication, start by, attribution, association, responsibility,
- derivation, revision, quotation. We should find a
- way of saying this once concisely.
- </div>
-
-<p>We assume that an entity has exactly one generation and
-invalidation event (either or both may, however, be left implicit).
-So, PROV-DM allows for two distinct <a>generations</a> <span class="name">g1</span> and <span class="name">g2</span> referencing the same entity provided they occur
-<em>simultaneously</em>.
-This implies that the two generation events are actually the same and
-caused by the same <em>activity</em>, though provenance may contain
-several descriptions for the same world activity.
-</p>
-
-
-<div class='constraint' id='generation-uniqueness'>Given an entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span>, two activities denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span
-class="name">a2</span>, two time instants <span class="name">t1</span> and <span
-class="name">t2</span>, and two sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs1</span> and <span class="name">attrs2</span>,
-<span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id1, e, a1, t1, attrs1)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id2, e, a2, t2, attrs2)</span> exist,
-<span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">id1</span>=<span class="name">id2</span>, <span class="name">a1</span>=<span class="name">a2</span>, <span class="name">t1</span>=<span class="name">t2</span> and <span class="name">attrs1</span>=<span class="name">attrs2</span>.
-</div>
-
-<div class="note">
-Wouldn't the above constraint violate uniqueness?
-</div>
-
-<div class="note">
-Invalidation uniqueness?
-</div>
-
-<p>A generation can be used to indicate a generation time without having to specify the involved activity. A generation time is unique, as specified by the following constraint.<p>
-<div class="note">
-Seems redundant given generation-uniqueness
-</div>
-<div class='constraint' id='unique-generation-time'>
-Given an entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span> and
-two time instants <span class="name">t1</span> and <span
-class="name">t2</span>,
-<span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e, -, t1)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e, -, t2)</span> hold, <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">t1</span>=<span class="name">t2</span>.
-</div>
-
-<p>An <a>activity start event</a> is the <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the instant an activity starts. It allows for an optional time attribute. <span id="optional-start-time">Activities also allow for an optional start time attribute. If both are specified, they MUST be the same, as expressed by the following constraint.</span>
-</p>
-
-<div class='constraint' id='unique-startTime'>
-<span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">activity(a,t1,t2,-)</span> and <span class="name">wasStartedBy(id,a,e,t,-)</span>, <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">t</span>=<span class="name">t1</span>.
-</div>
-
-<p>An <a>activity end event</a> is the <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the instant an activity ends. It allows for an optional time attribute. <span id="optional-end-time">Activities also allow for an optional end time attribute. If both are specified, they MUST be the same, as expressed by the following constraint.</span>
-</p>
-
-<div class='constraint' id='unique-endTime'>
-<span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span
- class="name">activity(a,t1,t2,-)</span> and <span
- class="name">wasEndedBy(id,a,e,t,-)</span>, <span
- class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">t</span> = <span class="name">t2</span>.
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-</section> <!-- uniqueness-constraints-->
-
-<section id="event-ordering-constraints">
-<h3>Event Ordering Constraints</h3>
-
-
-<p>Given that provenance consists of a description of past entities
-and activities, <a>valid</a> provenance descriptions MUST
-satisfy <em>ordering constraints</em> between instantaneous events, which we introduce in
-this section. For instance, an entity can only be used after it was
-generated; hence, we say that an entity's <a title="entity generation
-event">generation event</a> precedes any of this
-entity's <a title="entity usage event">usage events</a>. Should this
-ordering constraint be violated, the associated generation and
-usage could not be credible. The rest of this section defines
-the <dfn>temporal interpretation</dfn> of provenance descriptions as a
-set of instantaneous event ordering constraints. </p>
-
-
-<p>To allow for minimalistic clock assumptions, like Lamport
-[[CLOCK]], PROV-DM relies on a notion of relative ordering of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a>,
-without using physical clocks. This specification assumes that a partial order exists between <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a>.
-</p>
-
-
-<p>Specifically, <dfn id="dfn-precedes">precedes</dfn> is a partial
-order between <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a>. When we say
-<span class="name">e1</span> precedes <span class="name">e2</span>,
-this means that either the two events are equal or <span
-class="name">e1</span> happened before <span class="name">e2</span>.
-For symmetry, <dfn id="dfn-follows">follows</dfn> is defined as the
-inverse of <a title="precedes">precedes</a>; that is, when we say
-<span class="name">e1</span> follows <span class="name">e2</span>,
-this means that either the two events are equal or <span
-class="name">e1</span> happened after <span
-class="name">e2</span>. Both relations are partial orders, meaning
-that they are reflexive, transitive, and antisymmetric.</p>
-
-<div class="note"> Define reflexivity, transitivity
-and antisymmetry in glossary. Also, do we want to allow an event to
- "precede" itself?
-</div>
-
-<div class="note">
- The following discussion is unclear: what is being said here, and why?
- </div>
-
-<p>PROV-DM also allows for time observations to be inserted in
-specific provenance descriptions, for each of the five kinds
-of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a> introduced in this specification. The
-presence of a time observation for a given <a>instantaneous event</a> fixes the
-mapping of this <a>instantaneous event</a> to the timeline. The presence of time
-information in a provenance description instantiates the ordering constraint with
-that time information. It is expected that such instantiated
-constraints can help corroborate provenance information. We anticipate
-that verification algorithms could be developed, though this
-verification is outside the scope of this specification.
-</p>
-
-<p>The following figure summarizes the ordering constraints in a
-graphical manner. For each subfigure, an event time line points to the
-right. Activities are represented by rectangles, whereas entities are
-represented by circles. Usage, generation and derivation are
-represented by the corresponding edges between entities and
-activities. The five kinds of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a> are represented by vertical
-dotted lines (adjacent to the vertical sides of an activity's
-rectangle, or intersecting usage and generation edges). The ordering
-constraints are represented by triangles: an occurrence of a triangle between two <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> vertical dotted lines represents that the event denoted by the left
-line precedes the event denoted by the right line.</p>
-
-
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
-<figure>
-<figcaption id="ordering-activity-fig">Summary of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints for activities</figcaption>
-<img src="../images/ordering-activity.png" alt="constraints between events" />
-</figure>
-</div>
-
-<!-- Constraint template:
-<span class="conditional">IF</span>
-<span class="name">blah</span>
-and
-<span class="name">blah</span>
-<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
-<span class="name">XX</span>
-<a>precedes</a>
-<span class="name">YY</span>.
--->
-
-<section>
-<h3>Activity constraints</h3>
-
-<p>
-In this section we discuss constraints from the perspective of
-the <a>lifetime</a> of an activity. An activity starts, then during
-its lifetime uses, generates entities and communicates with or starts
-other
-activities, and finally ends. The following constraints amount to
-checking that all of the events associated with an activity take place
-within the activity's lifetime, and the start and end events mark the
-start and endpoints of its lifetime.
-</p>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p>The existence of an activity implies that the <a>activity start event</a> always <a>precedes</a> the corresponding <a>activity end
-event</a>. This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-activity-fig">ordering-activity-fig</a> (a) and expressed by constraint <a href="#start-precedes-end">start-precedes-end</a>.</p>
-<div class='constraint' id='start-precedes-end'>
-<span class="conditional">IF</span>
-<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start,a,-,-)</span>
-and
-<span class="name">wasEndedBy(end,a,-,-)</span>
-<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
-<span class="name">start</span>
-<a>precedes</a>
-<span class="name">end</span>.
-</div>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p>A usage implies ordering of <a title="instantaneous event">events</a>, since the <a title="entity usage event">usage event</a> had to occur during the associated activity. This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-activity-fig">ordering-activity-fig</a> (b) and expressed by constraint <a href="#usage-within-activity">usage-within-activity</a>.</p>
-
-<div class='constraint' id='usage-within-activity'>
-<ol>
- <li>
- <span class="conditional">IF</span>
-<span class="name">used(use,a,e,-,-)</span>
-and
-<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start,a,-,-)</span>
-<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
-<span class="name">start</span>
-<a>precedes</a>
-<span class="name">use</span>.
- </li>
- <li>
- <span class="conditional">IF</span>
-<span class="name">used(use,a,e,-,-)</span>
-and
-<span class="name">wasEndedBy(end,a,-,-)</span>
-<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
-<span class="name">use</span>
-<a>precedes</a>
-<span class="name">end</span>.
- </li>
- </ol>
-</div>
-
-<hr />
-
-
-<p>A generation implies ordering of <a title="instantaneous event">events</a>, since the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> had to occur during the associated activity. This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-activity-fig">ordering-activity-fig</a> (c) and expressed by constraint <a href="#generation-within-activity">generation-within-activity</a>.</p>
-
-<div class='constraint' id='generation-within-activity'>
- <ol>
- <li>
- <span class="conditional">IF</span>
-<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,a,e,-,-)</span>
-and
-<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start,a,-,-)</span>
-<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
-<span class="name">start</span>
-<a>precedes</a>
-<span class="name">gen</span>.
- </li>
- <li>
- <span class="conditional">IF</span>
-<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,a,e,-,-)</span>
-and
-<span class="name">wasEndedBy(end,a,-,-)</span>
-<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
-<span class="name">gen</span>
-<a>precedes</a>
-<span class="name">end</span>.
- </li>
- </ol>
-</div>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p>Communication between two activities <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> also implies ordering of <a
-title="instantaneous event">events</a>, since some entity must have been generated by the former and used by the latter, which implies that the start event of <span class="name">a1</span>
-cannot follow the end event of <span class="name">a2</span>. This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-activity-fig">ordering-activity-fig</a> (d) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasInformedBy-ordering">wasInformedBy-ordering</a>.</p>
-
-<div class='constraint' id='wasInformedBy-ordering'>
- <span class="conditional">IF</span>
-<span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span>
-and
-<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start,a1,-,-)</span>
-and
-<span class="name">wasEndedBy(end,a2,-,-)</span>
-<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
-<span class="name">start</span>
-<a>precedes</a>
-<span class="name">end</span>.
-
-</div>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p>Start of <span class="name">a2</span> by activity <span class="name">a1</span> also implies ordering of <a
-title="instantaneous event">events</a>, since <span class="name">a1</span> must have been active before <span class="name">a2</span> started. This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-activity-fig">ordering-activity-fig</a> (e) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasStartedByActivity-ordering">wasStartedByActivity-ordering</a>.</p>
-
-
-<div class='constraint' id='wasStartedByActivity-ordering'>
- <span class="conditional">IF</span>
-<span class="name">wasStartedByActivity(a2,a1)</span>
-and
-<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start1,a1,-,-)</span>
-and
-<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start2,a2,-,-)</span>
-<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
-<span class="name">start1</span>
-<a>precedes</a>
-<span class="name">start2</span>.
-
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-<section>
-<h3> Entity constraints</h3>
-
-<p>
-As with activities, entities have lifetimes: they are generated, then
-can be used, revised, or other entities can be derived from them, and
-finally are invalidated.
-</p>
-
-
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
-<figure>
-<figcaption id="ordering-entity-fig">Summary of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints for entities</figcaption>
-<img src="../images/ordering-entity.png" alt="ordering constraints for entities" />
-</figure>
-</div>
-
-
-<hr />
-
-<p>Generation of an entity precedes its invalidation. (This
-follows from other constraints if the entity is used, but we state it
-explicitly to cover the case of an entity that is generated and
-invalidated without being used.)</p>
-
-<div class='constraint' id='generation-precedes-invalidation'>
- <span class="conditional">IF</span>
-<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,e,_,_)</span>
-and
-<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,e,-,-)</span>
-<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
-<span class="name">gen</span>
-<a>precedes</a>
-<span class="name">inv</span>.
-</div>
-<hr />
-
-<p> A usage and a generation for a given entity implies ordering of <a title="instantaneous event">events</a>, since the <a title="entity generation
-event">generation event</a> had to precede the <a title="entity usage event">usage event</a>. This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-entity-fig">ordering-entity-fig</a> (a) and expressed by constraint <a href="#generation-precedes-usage">generation-precedes-usage</a>.</p>
-
-<div class='constraint' id='generation-precedes-usage'>
- <span class="conditional">IF</span>
-<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,e,_,_)</span>
-and
-<span class="name">used(use,_,e,-)</span>
-<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
-<span class="name">gen</span>
-<a>precedes</a>
-<span class="name">use</span>.
-</div>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p>All usages of an entity precede its invalidation, which is captured by constraint <a href="#usage-precedes-invalidation">usage-precedes-invalidation</a> (without any explicit graphical representation).</p>
-
-<div class='constraint' id='usage-precedes-invalidation'>
- <span class="conditional">IF</span>
-<span class="name">used(use,_,e,-)</span>
-and
-<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,e,_,_)</span>
-<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
-<span class="name">use</span>
-<a>precedes</a>
-<span class="name">inv</span>.
-</div>
-
-
-
-<hr />
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<p>If there is a derivation between <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span>, then
-this means that the entity <span class="name">e1</span> had some form of influence on the entity <span class="name">e2</span>; for this to be possible, some event ordering must be satisfied.
-First, we consider derivations, where the activity and usage are known. In that case, the <a title="entity usage event">usage</a> of <span class="name">e1</span> has to precede the <a title="entity generation
-event">generation</a> of <span class="name">e2</span>.
-This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-entity-fig">ordering-entity-fig</a> (b) and expressed by constraint <a
-href="#derivation-usage-generation-ordering">derivation-usage-generation-ordering</a>.</p>
-
-
-<div class='constraint' id='derivation-usage-generation-ordering'>
- <span class="conditional">IF</span>
-<span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(d,e2,e1,a,g2,u1,-)</span>
-<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
-<span class="name">u1</span>
-<a>precedes</a>
-<span class="name">g2</span>.
-
-</div>
-<hr />
-
-<p>When the usage is unknown, a similar constraint exists, except that the constraint refers to its
-generation event, as
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-entity-fig">ordering-entity-fig</a> (c) and expressed by constraint <a
-href="#derivation-generation-generation-ordering">derivation-generation-generation-ordering</a>.</p>
-
-<div class='constraint'
- id='derivation-generation-generation-ordering'>
- <span class="conditional">IF</span>
-<span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,attrs)</span>
- and
-<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen1,e1,_,_)</span>
- and
-<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen2,e2,_,_)</span>
-<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
-<span class="name">gen1</span>
-<a>precedes</a>
-<span class="name">gen2</span>.
- </div>
-
-<p>Note that event ordering is between generations of <span class="name">e1</span>
-and <span class="name">e2</span>, as opposed to derivation where usage is known,
-which implies ordering ordering between the usage of <span class="name">e1</span> and
-generation of <span class="name">e2</span>. </p>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p>The entity that triggered the start of an activity must exist before the activity starts.
-This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-entity-trigger-fig">ordering-entity-trigger-fig</a> (a) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasStartedBy-ordering">wasStartedBy-ordering</a>.</p>
-
-
-<div class='constraint' id='wasStartedBy-ordering'>
- <ol>
- <li>
- <span class="conditional">IF</span>
-<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start,a,e,-)</span>
-and
-<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,e,-,-)</span>
-<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
-<span class="name">gen</span>
-<a>precedes</a>
-<span class="name">start</span>.
- </li><li>
- <span class="conditional">IF</span>
-<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start,a,e,-)</span>
-and
-<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,e,-,-)</span>
-<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
-<span class="name">start</span>
-<a>precedes</a>
-<span class="name">inv</span>.
- </li>
- </ol>
-</div>
-<hr />
-
-<p> Similarly, the entity that triggered the end of an activity must exist before the activity ends, as illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-entity-trigger-fig">ordering-entity-trigger-fig</a> (b).</p>
-
-
-<div class='constraint' id='wasEndedBy-ordering'>
- <ol>
- <li>
- <span class="conditional">IF</span>
-<span class="name">wasEndedBy(end,a,e,-)</span>
-and
-<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,e,-,-)</span>
-<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
-<span class="name">gen</span>
-<a>precedes</a>
-<span class="name">end</span>.
- </li><li>
- <span class="conditional">IF</span>
-<span class="name">wasEndedBy(end,a,e,-)</span>
-and
-<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,e,-,-)</span>
-<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
-<span class="name">end</span>
-<a>precedes</a>
-<span class="name">inv</span>.
- </li>
- </ol>
-</div>
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
-<figure>
-<figcaption id="ordering-entity-trigger-fig">Summary of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints for trigger entities</figcaption>
-<img src="../images/ordering-entity-trigger.png" alt="ordering constraints for trigger entities" />
-</figure>
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section>
-<h3> Agent constraints</h3>
-
-<p>
-Like entities and activities, agents have lifetimes that follow a
-familiar pattern: an agent is generated, can participate in
-interactions such as starting, ending or association with an
-activity, attribution, or delegation, and finally the agent is invalidated.
-</p>
-<p>Further constraints associated with agents appear in Figure <a href="#ordering-agents">ordering-agents</a> and are discussed below.</p>
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
-<figure>
-<figcaption id="ordering-agents">Summary of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints (continued)</figcaption>
-<img src="../images/ordering-agents.png" alt="ordering constraints for agents" />
-</figure>
-</div>
-
-<hr />
-
-
-<p>An activity that was associated with an agent must have some overlap with the agent. The agent may be generated, or may only become associated with the activity, after the activity start: so, the agent is required to exist before the activity end. Likewise, the agent may be destructed, or may terminate its association with the activity, before the activity end: hence, the agent invalidation is required to happen after the activity start.
-This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-agents">ordering-agents</a> (a) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasAssociatedWith-ordering">wasAssociatedWith-ordering</a>.</p>
-
-
-<div class='constraint' id='wasAssociatedWith-ordering'>
- <ol> <li>
- <span class="conditional">IF</span>
-<span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,ag)</span>
-and
-<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start,a,-,-)</span>
-and
-<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,ag,-,-)</span>
-<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
-<span class="name">start</span>
-<a>precedes</a>
-<span class="name">inv</span>.
- </li><li>
- <span class="conditional">IF</span>
-<span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,ag)</span>
-and
-<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,ag,-,-)</span>
-and
-<span class="name">wasEndedBy(end,a,-,-)</span>
-<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
-<span class="name">gen</span>
-<a>precedes</a>
-<span class="name">end</span>.
- </li>
- </ol>
-</div>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p>An entity that was attributed to an agent must have some overlap
-with the agent. The agent is required to exist before the entity
-invalidation. Likewise, the entity generation must precede the agent destruction.
-This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-agents">ordering-agents</a> (b) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasAttributedTo-ordering">wasAttributedTo-ordering</a>.</p>
-
-
-
-
-<div class='constraint' id='wasAttributedTo-ordering'>
- <ol> <li>
- <span class="conditional">IF</span>
-<span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e,ag)</span>
-and
-<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,e,-,-)</span>
-and
-<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,ag,-,-)</span>
-<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
-<span class="name">gen</span>
-<a>precedes</a>
-<span class="name">inv</span>.
- </li><li>
- <span class="conditional">IF</span>
-<span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e,ag)</span>
-and
-<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,ag,-,-)</span>
-and
-<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,e,-,-)</span>
-<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
-<span class="name">gen</span>
-<a>precedes</a>
-<span class="name">inv</span>.
- </li>
- </ol>
-</div>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p>For responsibility, two agents need to have some overlap in their lifetime.</p>
-
-
-<div class='constraint' id='actedOnBehalfOf-ordering'>
- <span class="conditional">IF</span>
-<span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(ag2,ag1)</span>
-and
-<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,ag1,-,-)</span>
-and
-<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,ag2,-,-)</span>
-<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
-<span class="name">gen</span>
-<a>precedes</a>
-<span class="name">inv</span>.
-
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-</section> <!--event-ordering-constraints-->
-
-</section> <!-- constraints -->
-
-<section id="collection-constraints">
-<h2>Collection Constraints</h2>
-<div class="note">
- Work on collections and on these constraints is deferred until after
- the next working draft, so this section may not be stable.
- </div>
-
-<p>Membership is a convenience notation, since it can be expressed in terms of an insertion into some collection. The membership definition is formalized by constraint <a href="#membership-as-insertion">membership-as-insertion</a>.</p>
-
-<div class='definition' id='membership-as-insertion'>
- <span class="name">memberOf(c, {(k1, v1), ...})</span> holds
-<span class='conditional'>IF AND ONLY IF</span> there exists a collection <span class="name">c0</span>, such that
-<span class="name">derivedByInsertionFrom(c, c0, {(k1, v1), ...})</span>.
-</div>
-
-<p>A collection may be obtained by insertion or removal, or said to satisfy the membership relation.
-To provide an interpretation of collections, PROV-DM
- restricts one collection to be involved in a single derivation by insertion or removal, or to one membership relation.
-PROV-DM does not provide an interpretation for descriptions that consist of two (or more) insertion, removal, membership relations that result in the same collection.</p>
-
-
-
-<p>The following constraint ensures unique derivation.</p>
-
-
-<div class='note'> The following constraint is unclear.</div>
-<div class='constraint' id='collection-unique-derivation'>
-A collection MUST NOT be derived through multiple insertions, removal,
- or membership relations.
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-Consider the following descriptions about three collections.
- <pre class="codeexample">
-entity(c1, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
-entity(c2, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
-entity(c3, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
-
-
-derivedByInsertionFrom(c3, c1, {("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)})
-derivedByInsertionFrom(c3, c2, {("k3", e3)})
-</pre>
-<p>There is no interpretation for such descriptions since <span class="name">c3</span> is derived multiple times by insertion.</p>
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>As a particular case, collection <span class="name">c</span> is derived multiple times from the same <span class="name">c1</span>. </p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-derivedByInsertionFrom(id1, c, c1, {("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)})
-derivedByInsertionFrom(id2, c, c1, {("k3", e3), ("k4", e4)})
-</pre>
-<p>The interpretation of such descriptions is also unspecified. </p>
-<p>To describe the insertion of the 4 key-entity pairs, one would instead write:</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-derivedByInsertionFrom(id1, c, c1, {("k1", e1), ("k2", e2), ("k3", e3), ("k4", e4)})
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-The same is true for any combination of insertions, removals, and membership relations:
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>The following descriptions</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-derivedByInsertionFrom(c, c1, {("k1", e1)})
-derivedByRemovalFrom(c, c2, {"k2"})
-</pre>
-have no interpretation.
-Nor have the following:
-<pre class="codeexample">
-derivedByInsertionFrom(c, c1, {("k1", e1)})
-memberOf(c, {"k2"}).
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<section id="collection-branching">
-<h4>Collection branching</h4>
-
-It is allowed to have multiple derivations from a single root collection, as long as the resulting entities are distinct, as shown in the following example.
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(c0, [prov:type="prov:EmptyCollection" %% xsd:QName]) // c0 is an empty collection
-entity(c1, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
-entity(c2, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
-entity(c3, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
-entity(e1)
-entity(e2)
-entity(e3)
-
-derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c0, {("k1", e1)})
-derivedByInsertionFrom(c2, c0, {("k2", e2)})
-derivedByInsertionFrom(c3, c1, {("k3", e3)})
-</pre>
-From this set of descriptions, we conclude:
-<pre class="codeexample">
- c1 = { ("k1", e1) }
- c2 = { ("k2", e2) }
- c3 = { ("k1", e1), ("k3", e3)}
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-<section id="collections-and-derivation">
-
-
-<h4>Collections and Weaker Derivation Relation</h4>
-
-<p>The state of a collection is only known to the extent that a chain of derivations starting from an empty collection can be found. Since a set of descriptions regarding a collection's evolution may be incomplete, so is the reconstructed state obtained by querying those descriptions. In general, all descriptions reflect partial knowledge regarding a sequence of data transformation events. In the particular case of collection evolution, in which some of the state changes may have been missed, the more generic <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> relation should be used to signal that some updates may have occurred, which cannot be expressed as insertions or removals. The following example illustrates this.</p>
-
-
-
- <div class="anexample">
-In the example, the state of <span class="name">c2</span> is only partially known because the collection is constructed from partially known other collections.
- <pre class="codeexample">
-entity(c0, [prov:type="prov:EmptyCollection" %% xsd:QName]) // c0 is an empty collection
-entity(c1, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
-entity(c2, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
-entity(c3, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
-entity(e1)
-entity(e2)
-
-derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c0, {("k1", e1)})
-wasDerivedFrom(c2, c1)
-derivedByInsertionFrom(c3, c2, {("k2", e2)})
- </pre>
-From this set of descriptions, we conclude:
-<ul>
-<li> <span class="name">c1 = { ("k1", e1) }</span>
-<li> <span class="name">c2</span> is somehow derived from <span class="name">c1</span>, but the precise sequence of updates is unknown
-<li> <span class="name">c3</span> includes <span class="name">("k2", e2)</span> but the earlier "gap" leaves uncertainty regarding <span class="name">("k1", e1)</span> (it may have been removed) or any other pair that may have been added as part of the derivation activities.
-</ul>
- </div>
-
-</section>
-
-
-<div class='note'>
- Do the insertion/removal derivation steps imply wasDerivedFrom,
- wasVersionOf, alternateOf?
- </div>
-
-</section> <!-- collection-constraints -->
-
-<section id="account-constraints">
-<h2>Account Constraints</h2>
-
-<div class="note">
-Work on accounts has been deferred until after the next working draft,
-so this section is very unstable
-</div>
-
-<p>PROV-DM allows for multiple descriptions of entities (and in general any identifiable object) to be expressed. </p>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="example-two-entities-one-id">
-<p>Let us consider two descriptions of a same entity, which we have taken from two different contexts. A working draft published by the <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>:</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
-</pre>
-The second version of a document edited by some authors:
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
-</pre>
-<p>Both descriptions are about the same entity identified by
-<span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>, but they contain different attributes, describing the situation or partial state of the these entities according to the context in which they occur.
-</p>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<p>Two different descriptions of a same entity cannot co-exist in a same account
- as formalized in <a href="#unique-description-in-account">unique-description-in-account</a>.</p>
-
-<!-- Moved to uniqueness constraints section
-<div class='constraint' id='unique-description-in-account'>
-<p>Given an entity identifier <span class="name">e</span>, there is at most one description
-<span class="name">entity(e,attrs)</span> occurring in a given account, where <span class="name">attrs</span> is some set of attribute-values. Other descriptions of the same entity can exist in different accounts.</p>
-
-<p>This constraint similarly applies to all other types and relations,
- with explicit identity.</p>
-</div>
--->
-
-
-
-<p>In some cases, there may be a requirement for two different
- descriptions of the same entity to be included in the same account. To satisfy the constraint <a href="#unique-description-in-account">unique-description-in-account</a>, we can adopt a different identifier for one of them, and relate the two descriptions with the <span class="name">alternateOf</span> relation. </p>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="merge-with-rename">
-<p>We now reconsider the same two descriptions of a same entity, but we change the identifier for one of them:</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
-entity(ex:alternate-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
-alternateOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex:alternate-20111215)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-<div class='note'>
- Since we are not specifying ways to take the union of two accounts,
- we may drop this discussion
- </div>
-<p> Taking the union of two accounts is another account,
-formed by the union of the descriptions they respectively contain. We note that the resulting union may or may not invalidate some constraints:
-<ul>
-<li> Two entity descriptions with a same identifier but different sets of attributes exist in each original account may invalidate <a href="#unique-description-in-account">unique-description-in-account</a> in the union, unless some form of description merging or renaming (as per <a href="#merge-with-rename">Example</a>) occurs.
-<li> Structurally well-formed
-accounts are not
-closed under union because the
-constraint <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a> may no
-longer be satisfied in the resulting union. </li>
-</ul>
-<p>How to reconcile such accounts is beyond the scope of this specification.</p>
-
-
-<div class="note">
- Material transplanted from old structural well-formedness constraints section.
-
- This example isn't very clear, since the sub-workflow-ness isn't
- represented in the data. According to what was written above, we
- should conclude that a0 and a2 are equal!
- </div>
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-In the following descriptions, a workflow execution <span class="name">a0</span> consists of two sub-workflow executions <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>.
-Sub-workflow execution <span class="name">a2</span> generates entity <span class="name">e</span>, so does <span class="name">a0</span>.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-activity(a0, [prov:type="workflow execution"])
-activity(a1, [prov:type="workflow execution"])
-activity(a2, [prov:type="workflow execution"])
-wasInformedBy(a2,a1)
-
-wasGeneratedBy(e,a0)
-wasGeneratedBy(e,a2)
-</pre>
-<p>So, we have two different <a title="generation">generations</a> for entity <span class="name">e</span>. Such an example is permitted in PROV-DM if the two activities denoted by <span class="name">a0</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> are a single thing happening in the world
-but described from different perspectives.</p>
-</div>
-
-<p>While this example is permitted in PROV-DM, it does not make the inter-relation between activities explicit, and it mixes descriptions expressed from different perspectives together.
-While this may acceptable in some specific applications, it becomes challenging for inter-operability. Indeed, PROV-DM does not offer any relation describing the structure of activities.
- Such descriptions are said not to be structurally well-formed.</p>
-
-<p>Structurally well-formed provenance can be obtained by partitioning the generations into different accounts. This makes it clear that these generations provide alternative
-descriptions of the same real-world generation event, rather than describing two distinct generation events for the same entity. When accounts are used, the example can be encoded as follows.</p>
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-The same example is now revisited, with the following descriptions that are structurally well-formed. Two accounts are introduced, and there is a single generation for entity <span
-class="name">e</span> per account.</p>
-
-<p>In a first account, entitled "summary", we find:</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-activity(a0,t1,t2,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
-wasGeneratedBy(e,a0,-)
-</pre>
-<p>In a second account, entitled "detail", we find:</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-activity(a1,t1,t3,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
-activity(a2,t3,t2,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
-wasInformedBy(a2,a1)
-wasGeneratedBy(e,a2,-)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<p>Structurally well-formed provenance satisfies some constraints, which force the structure of descriptions to be exposed by means of accounts. With these constraints satisfied, further
-inferences can be made about structurally well-formed descriptions.
-The uniqueness of generations in accounts is formulated as follows.
-</p>
-
-
-
-
-</section> <!-- account-constraints-->
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<section id="compliance">
-<h2>Compliance with this document</h2>
-
-For the purpose of compliance, the normative sections of this document
- are (TODO). To be compliant:
- <ul><li>When processing provenance obtained from another source, an
- application MAY apply the inferences and definitions in <a
- href="#inferences" class='sectionRef'></a>.</li>
- <li>An application SHOULD process <a>equivalent</a> PROV-DM instances in the same way, described in <a href="#equivalence" class="sectionRef"></a>
- <li>When determining whether a PROV description is <a>valid</a>, an
- application MUST check that all of the
- constraints of <a href="#constraints" class="sectionRef"></a> are
- satisfied on the <a>normal form</a> of the instance.</li>
- <li> When producing provenance meant for other applications to
- use, the application SHOULD produce <a>valid</a> provenance. </li>
- </ul>
- <div class="note">
- Should we specify a way for PROV descriptions to say whether they
- are meant to be validated or not? Seems outside the scope of this document.
- </div>
-
-</section>
-
-
- <section id='rationale' class="informative">
-<h2>Rationale for inferences and constraints</h2>
-
-<div class="note"> This section collects all of the explanatory
- material that I was not certain how to interpret as an unambiguous
- inference or constraint. Some of these observations may need to be folded
- into the explanatory text in respective sections (for example for
- events,
- accounts or collections).
-
- Editing is also needed to decrease redundancy.
- </div>
-
- <section id='section-attributes'>
-<h4>Entities and Attributes</h4>
-
-<p>When we talk about things in the world in natural language and even when we assign identifiers, we are often imprecise in ways that make it difficult to clearly and unambiguously report
-provenance: a resource with a URL may be understood as referring to a report available at that URL, the version of the report available there today, the report independent of where it is
-hosted over time, etc.
-However, to write precise descriptions of the provenance of things
-that change over time, we need ways of disambiguating which versions
-of things we are talking about.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-To describe the provenance of things that can change over
-time, PROV-DM uses the concept of <i>entities</i> with fixed
-attributes. From a provenance viewpoint, it is important to identify
-a partial state of something, i.e. something with some aspects that
-have been fixed, so that it becomes possible to express its provenance
-(i.e. what caused the thing with these specific aspects). An entity
-encompasses a part of a thing's history during which some of the
-attributes are fixed. An entity can thus be thought of as a part of a
-thing with some associated partial state.
-Attributes in PROV-DM are used to fix certain aspects of entities.</p>
-
-
-<p>
-An <dfn>entity</dfn> is a thing one wants to provide provenance for
-and whose situation in the world is described by some fixed
-attributes. An entity has a <dfn
-id="|dfn-characterization-interval">characterization interval</dfn>,
-or <dfn id="lifetime">lifetime</dfn>,
-defined as the period
-between its <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a>
-and its <a title="entity invalidation event">invalidation event</a>.
-An entity's attributes are established when the entity is
-created and describe the entity's situation and (partial) state
-during an entity's lifetime.</p>
-
-<p>
-A different entity (perhaps representing a different user or
-system perspective) may fix other aspects of the same thing, and its provenance
-may be different. Different entities that are aspects of the same
-thing are called <em>alternate</em>, and the PROV-DM relations of
-specialization and alternate can be used to link such entities.</p>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<div class="anexample" id="a-report-example">
-Different users may take different perspectives on a resource with
-a URL. A provenance record might use one (or more) different
- entities to talk about different perspectives, such as:
-<ul>
-<li>a report available at a URL: fixes the nature of the thing, i.e. a document, and its location; </li>
-<li>the version of the report available there today: fixes its version number, contents, and its date;</li>
-<li>the report independent of where it is hosted and of its content over time: fixes the nature of the thing as a conceptual artifact.</li></ul>
-The provenance of these three entities may differ, and may be along the following lines:
-<ul>
-<li>the provenance of a report available at a URL may include: the act of publishing it and making it available at a given location, possibly under some license and access control;</li>
-<li>the provenance of the version of the report available there today may include: the authorship of the specific content, and reference to imported content;</li>
-<li>the provenance of the report independent of where it is hosted over time may include: the motivation for writing the report, the overall methodology for producing it, and the broad team
-involved in it.</li>
-</ul>
-<p>We do not assume that any entity is a better or worse description of
-reality than any other. That is, we do not assume an absolute ground truth with
-respect to which we can judge correctness or completeness of
-descriptions. In fact, it is possible to describe the processing that occurred for the report to be commissioned, for
-individual versions to be created, for those versions to be published at the given URL, etc., each via a different entity with attribute-value pairs that fix some aspects of the report appropriately.</p>
-</div>
-
-
-<p>Besides entities, a variety of other PROV-DM objects have
-attributes, including activity, generation, usage, start, end,
-communication, attribution, association, responsibility, and
-derivation. Each object has an associated duration interval (which may
-be a single time point), and attribute-value pairs for a given object
-are expected to be descriptions that hold for the object's duration.
-</p>
-<p>
-However, the attributes of entities have special meaning because they
-are considered to be fixed aspects
-of underlying, changing things. This motivates constraints on
-<span class="name">alternateOf</span> and <span class="name">specializationOf</span> relating the attribute values of
-different entities.
-</p>
-<div class="note">
- TODO:
-Constraints on alternateOf/specializationOf for this?
- </div>
-
- <div class="note">
-TODO: Further discussion of entities moved from the old "Definitional
- constraints" section. Should merge with the surrounding
- discussion to avoid repetition.
- </div>
-<p>
-An <dfn>entity</dfn> is a thing one wants to provide provenance for
-and whose situation in the world is described by some attribute-value
-pairs. An entity's attribute-value pairs are established as part of
-the entity description and their values remain unchanged for the
-lifetime of the entity. An entity's attribute-value pairs are expected
-to describe the entity's situation and (partial) state during an
-entity's <a title="characterization interval">characterization interval</a>.</p>
-
-<p>If an entity's situation or state changes, this may result in its description being invalid, because one or more attribute-value pairs no longer hold. In that case, from the PROV viewpoint, there exists a new entity, which needs to be given a distinct identifier, and associated with the attribute-value pairs that reflect its new situation or state.</p>
-
-
-
-Further considerations:
-<ul>
-<li>In order to describe the provenance of something during an interval over which
- relevant attributes of the thing are not fixed, it is required to
- create multiple entities, each with its own identifier, <a
- title="characterization interval">characterization interval</a>, and
- fixed attributes, and express
- dependencies between the various entities using events.
- For example, if we want to describe the provenance of several
- versions of a document, involving attributes such as authorship that
- change over time, we need different entities for the versions linked
- by appropriate generation, usage, revision, and invalidation events.
-</li>
-
-<li>There is no assumption that the set of attributes is complete, nor
-that the attributes are independent or orthogonal of each other.</li>
-<li>There is no assumption that the attributes of an entity uniquely
-identify it. Two different entities that are aspects of different
-things can have the same attributes.</li>
-<li>A <a title="characterization interval">characterization interval</a> may collapse into a single instant.</li>
-</ul>
-
-</section>
-
-<section>
-<h3>Activities</h3>
-
-<div class="note">
- TODO: Further discussion of activities moved from old "Definitional
- constraints and inferences" section. Edit to avoid repeating information.
-</div>
-
-
-<p>An activity is delimited by its <a title="activity start event">start</a> and its <a title="activity end event">end</a> events; hence, it occurs over
-an interval delimited by two <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous
-events</a>. However, an activity record need not mention start or end time information, because they may not be known.
-An activity's attribute-value pairs are expected to describe the activity's situation during its interval, i.e. an interval between two instantaneous events, namely its <a title="activity start event">start</a> event and its <a title="activity end event">end</a> event.
-</p>
-
-
-<p>Further considerations:</p>
-<ul>
-<li>An activity is not an entity.
-Indeed, an entity exists in full at
-any point in its lifetime, persists during this
-interval, and preserves the characteristics that makes it
-identifiable. In contrast, an activity is something that occurs, happens,
-unfolds, or develops through time, but is typically not identifiable by
-the characteristics it exhibits at any point during its duration.
-This distinction is similar to the distinction between
-'continuant' and 'occurrent' in logic [[Logic]].</li>
-</ul>
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-
- <section id="representation-term-assertion-inference">
-<h3>Description, Assertion, and Inference</h3>
-
-<p>
-PROV-DM is a provenance data model designed to express <em>descriptions</em> of the world.
-</p>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-A file at some point during its lifecycle, which includes multiple edits by multiple people, can be described by its type, its location in the file system, a creator, and content.
-</div>
-
-
-<p>The data model is designed to capture activities that happened in the past, as opposed to activities
-that may or will happen.
-However, this distinction is not formally enforced.
-Therefore, PROV-DM descriptions are intended to be interpreted as what
-has happened, as opposed to what may or will happen.</p>
-
-
-
-<p>
-This specification does not prescribe the means by which descriptions can be arrived at; for example, descriptions can be composed on the basis of observations, reasoning, or any other means.
-</p>
-
-
-<p>
-Sometimes, inferences about the world can be made from descriptions
-conformant to the PROV-DM data model. This
-specification defines some such inferences, allowing new descriptions
-to be inferred from existing ones. Hence, descriptions of the world
-can result either from direct assertion or from inference
-by application of inference rules defined by this specification.
-</p>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-
- <section id='section-event-time'>
-<h4>Events and Time</h4>
-
-
-
-
-<p>Time is critical in the context of provenance, since it can help corroborate provenance claims. For instance, if an entity is claimed to be obtained by transforming another, then the
-latter must have existed before the former. If it is not the case, then there is something wrong with such a provenance claim. </p>
-
-<p> Although time is critical, we should also recognize that
-provenance can be used in many different contexts within individual
-systems and across the Web. Different systems may use different clocks
-which may not be precisely synchronized, so when provenance records
-are combined by different systems, we may not be able to align the
-times involved to a single global timeline. Hence, PROV-DM is
-designed to minimize assumptions about time. </p>
-
-
-
-<p>Hence, to talk about the constraints on valid PROV-DM data, we
-refer to <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a> that correspond to interactions
-between activities and entities.
-The term "event" is commonly used in process algebra with a similar meaning. For instance, in CSP [[CSP]], events represent communications or interactions; they are assumed to be atomic and
-instantaneous.</p>
-
-
-
-
-
-<section id="event-ordering">
-<h4>Event Ordering</h4>
-
-
-
-<div class="note">
- The following paragraphs are unclear and need to be revised, to
- address review concerns: if
- we aren't saying anything about how events and time relate, and time
- is the only concrete information about event ordering in PROV-DM,
- then how can implementations check that event ordering constraints
- are satisfied?
- </div>
-<p> How the <a>precedes</a> partial order is implemented in practice is beyond the scope
-of this specification. This specification only assumes that
-each <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> can be mapped to an instant in some form of
-timeline. The actual mapping is not in scope of this
-specification. Likewise, whether this timeline is formed of a single
-global timeline or whether it consists of multiple Lamport-style
-clocks is also beyond this specification. The <a>follows</a> and
-<a>precedes</a> orderings of events should be consistent with the
-ordering of their associated times
-over these timelines.
-</p>
-
-
-<p>This specification defines <i>event ordering constraints</i>
-between <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a> associated with
-provenance descriptions. PROV-DM data MUST satisfy such constraints. </p>
-
-<p>PROV-DM also allows for time observations to be inserted in
-specific descriptions, for each recognized <a
- title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> introduced in this
-specification. The presence of a time observation for a given <a
- title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> fixes the mapping of this <a
- title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> to the timeline. It can also
-help with the verification of associated ordering constraints (though,
-again, this verification is outside the scope of this specification).
-</p>
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="types-of-events">
-<h4>Types of Events</h4>
-<p>Five kinds of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a> are used
-for the PROV-DM data model. The <strong>activity start</strong> and
-<strong>activity end</strong> events delimit the beginning and the end
-of activities, respectively. The <strong>entity usage</strong>,
-<strong>entity generation</strong>, and <strong>entity
-invalidation</strong> events apply to entities, and the generation and
-invalidation events delimit the <a title="characterization interval">characterization interval</a> of
-an entity. More specifically:
-
-</p>
-
-<p>An <dfn id="dfn-start-event">activity start event</dfn> is the <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the instant an activity starts.</p>
-
-<p>An <dfn id="dfn-end-event">activity end event</dfn> is the <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the instant an activity ends.</p>
-
-<p>An <dfn id="dfn-usage-event">entity usage event</dfn> is the <a
-title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the first instant of
-an entity's consumption timespan by an activity. Before this instant
-the entity had not begun to be used by the activity.</p>
-
-<p>An <dfn id="dfn-generation-event">entity generation event</dfn> is the <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the final instant of an entity's creation timespan, after which
-it is available for use. The entity did not exist before this event.</p>
-
-<p>An <dfn id="dfn-invalidation-event">entity invalidation event</dfn>
-is the <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that
-marks the initial instant of the destruction, invalidation, or
-cessation of an entity, after which the entity is no longer available
-for use. The entity no longer exists after this event.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
- <section id="account-section">
- <h3>Account</h3>
-
-<div class="note">
- Some of this discussion may belong in the account constraint section
- as motivation, or as formal constraints/inferences. In particular,
- the MUST, MAY, SHOULD statements should be clarified and put into
- the normative section.
- </div>
-
-<p>It is common for multiple provenance records to co-exist. For
-instance, when emailing a file, there could be a provenance record
-kept by the mail client, and another by the mail server. Such
-provenance records may provide different explanations about something
-happening in the world, because they are created by different parties
-or observed by different witnesses. A given party could also create
-multiple provenance records about an execution, to capture different
-levels of details, targeted at different end-users: the programmer of
-an experiment may be interested in a detailed log of execution, while
-the scientists may focus more on the scientific-level description.
-Given that multiple provenance records can co-exist, it is important
-to have details about their origin, who they are attributed to, how
-they were generated, etc. In other words, an important requirement is
-to be able to express the provenance of provenance. </p>
-
-<div class="note">
- See ISSUE-343. Also, what is an account's set of descriptions?
- </div>
-<p>
- <span class="glossary" id="glossary-account">
-An <dfn>account</dfn> is an entity that contains a bundle of provenance descriptions.
-</span> PROV-DM does not provide an actual mechanism for creating accounts, i.e. for bundling up provenance descriptions and naming them. Accounts MUST satisfy some properties:
-<ul>
-<li>An account is a bundle of provenance descriptions whose content MAY change over time.</li>
-<li>If an account's set of descriptions changes over time, it SHOULD increase monotonically with time. </li>
-<li>A given description of e.g. an entity in a given account, in terms of its identifier and attribute-value pairs, does not change over time. </li>
-</ul>
-
-<div class='note'>
-The last point is important. It indicates that within an account:
-<ul>
-<li>It is always possible to add new provenance descriptions, e.g. stating that a given entity was used by an activity, or derived from another. This is very much an open world assumption.
-<li>It is not permitted to add new attributes to a given entity (a form of closed world assumption from the attributes point of view), though it is always permitted to create a new description for an entity, which is a "copy" of the original description extended with novel attributes (cf Example <a href="#merge-with-rename">merge-with-rename</a>).
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-<p>
-There is no construct in PROV-DM to create such bundles of
-descriptions. Instead, it is assumed that some mechanism, outside
-PROV-DM can create them. However, from a provenance viewpoint, such
-accounts are things whose provenance we may want to describe. In order to be able to do so, we need to see accounts as entities, whose origin can be described using PROV-DM vocabulary. Thus, PROV-DM introduces the reserved type <span class="name">Account</span>.
-</p>
-
- </section>
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<section class="appendix">
- <h2>Acknowledgements</h2>
- <p>
- WG membership to be listed here.
- </p>
- </section>
-
-<section class="glossary">
- <h2>Glossary</h2>
- <ul>
- <li> <dfn>anti-symmetric</dfn>: A relation R over X is <a>anti-symmetric</a> if
- for any elements x, y of X, if x R y and y R x then x = y.</li>
- <li> <dfn>reflexive</dfn>: A relation R over X is <a>reflexive</a> if
- for any element x of X, we have x R x.</li>
- <li> <dfn>symmetric</dfn>: A relation R over X is <a>symmetric</a> if
- for any elements x, y of X, if x R y then y R x.</li>
- <li> <dfn>transitive</dfn>: A relation R over X is <a>transitive</a> if
- for any elements x, y, z of X, if x R y and y R z then x R z.</li>
-
-
- </ul>
- </section>
-
-
- </body></html>
-
-<!-- LocalWords: px DM RL RDF AQ SEM SOTD Definitional wasInformedBy attrs ag
- -->
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- -->
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-<!-- LocalWords: wasRevisionOf specializationOf wasQuotedFrom Traceability WD
- -->
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- -->
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- -->
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- -->
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- -->
--- a/model/working-copy/wd5-prov-dm-constraints.html Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,1851 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-
-<html><head>
- <title>PROV-DM Part II: Constraints of the Provenance Data Model</title>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
- <!--
- === NOTA BENE ===
- For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
- out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
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- <style type="text/css">
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- <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
-
- <script class="remove">
- var addExtraReferences = function() {
- for (var k in extraReferences)
- berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
- };
- var extraReferences = {
- "CLOCK":
- "Lamport, L. "+
- "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
- "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
- "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
- "CSP":
- "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
- "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
- "Logic":
- "W. E. Johnson"+
- "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
- "1924. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
- "PROV-SEM":
- "James Cheney "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Work in progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
-
- "PROV-PRIMER":
- "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-DM":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
-
- "PROV-N":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\"><cite>PROV-N ....</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-O":
- "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
-
- "PROV-AQ":
- "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
- };
- var respecConfig = {
- // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
- specStatus: "ED",
-
- // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
- shortName: "prov-dm-constraints",
-
- // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
- // formal title, define it here
- subtitle : "Initial document for discussion, WD5",
-
- // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
- //publishDate: "2012-02-01",
-
- // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
- // the start date here:
- copyrightStart: "2011",
-
- // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
- // and its maturity status
- //previousPublishDate: "2012-02-02",
- //previousMaturity: "WD",
-
- // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
- edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm-constraints.html",
-
- // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
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- // editors, add as many as you like
- // only "name" is required
- editors: [
- { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
- company: "University of Southampton" },
- { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
- company: "Newcastle University" },
- ],
-
- // authors, add as many as you like.
- // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
- // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
-
- //authors: ,
- authors: [
- { name: "TBD" },
- ],
-
- // name of the WG
- wg: "Provenance Working Group",
-
- // URI of the public WG page
- wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
-
- // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
- wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
-
- // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
- // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
- // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
- // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
- // Team Contact.
- wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
-
- // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
- preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
- };
- </script>
- </head>
- <body>
-
- <section id="abstract">
-<p>
-PROV-DM is a data model for provenance that describes
-the entities, people and activities involved in
-producing a piece of data or thing in the world. PROV-DM is
-domain-agnostic, but is equipped with extensibility points allowing
-further domain-specific and application-specific extensions to be
-defined. PROV-DM is accompanied by PROV-N, a technology-independent
-notation, which allows serializations of PROV-DM
-instances to be created for human consumption, which facilitates the
-mapping of PROV-DM to concrete syntax, and which is used as the basis for a
-formal semantics of PROV-DM. This document introduces
- further set of concepts underpinning the PROV-DM data model and defines constraints that well-structured provenance descriptions should follow and that provide an interpretation for these descriptions.
-</p>
- </section>
-
-<section id="sotd">
-<b>This document is released internally by the Provenance Working Group.</b>
-<section id="prov-family">
-<!-- <h3>Prov Family of Specifications</h3>-->
-This document is part of the PROV family of specifications, a set of specifications aiming to define the various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
-interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. This document defines the PROV-DM data model for provenance, accompanied with a notation to express
-instances of that data model for human consumption. Other documents are:
-<ul>
-<li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS, a set of constraints applying to the PROV-DM data model,</li>
-<li> PROV-N, a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption,</li>
-<li> PROV-O, the provenance ontology: by means of a mapping of PROV-DM to the OWL2 Web Ontology Language, this specification provides a normative serialization of PROV-DM in RDF</li>
-<li> PROV-AQ, provenance access and query: the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance; </li>
-<li> PROV-PRIMER: a primer for the PROV-DM provenance data model,</li>
-<li> PROV-SEM: a formal semantics for the PROV-DM provenance data model.</li>
-</ul>
-</section>
-</section>
-
-
-<!--
-<div class="buttonpanel">
-<form action="#"><p>
-<input id="hide-bnf" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','grammar','none'); set_display_by_id('hide-bnf','none'); set_display_by_id('show-bnf','');" type="button" value="Hide Grammar" />
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-</form>
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--->
-
- <section id="introduction">
- <h2>Introduction<br>
-</h2>
-
-<p> Provenance is defined as a record that describes the people,
-institutions, entities, and activities, involved in producing,
-influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a thing in the world. A
-companion specification [[PROV-DM]] defines PROV-DM, a data model for
-provenance, allowing such descriptions to be expressed.
-</p>
-
-
-<p>PROV-DM has essentially be defined without any constraints [[PROV-DM]]. This document introduces a further set of concepts underpinning this data model and defines constraints that well-structured provenance descriptions should follow and that provide an interpretation for these descriptions. </p>
-
-
-<p>This specification is one of several specifications, referred to as the PROV family of specifications, defining the various aspects
-that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable exchange of provenance:</p>
-<ul>
-<li>A data model for provenance, which is presented in three documents:
-<ul>
-<li> PROV-DM (part I): the provenance data model itself, expressed in natural language [[PROV-DM]];
-<li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS (part II): constraints underpinning the data model (this document);
-<li> PROV-N (part III): a notation to express instances of that data model for human consumption [[PROV-N]];
-</ul>
-</li>
-
-<li>PROV-O: a normative serialization of PROV-DM in RDF [[!PROV-O]], specified by means of a mapping to the OWL2 Web Ontology Language [[!OWL2-SYNTAX]];</li>
-<li>PROV-AQ: the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [[PROV-AQ]];</li>
-<li>PROV-PRIMER: a primer for the PROV approach [[PROV-PRIMER]];</li>
-<li>PROV-SEM: semantics of the PROV-DM data model [[PROV-SEM]];</li>
-</ul>
-
-
- <section id="structure-of-this-document">
-<h3>Structure of this Document</h3>
-
-<div class='note'>TODO</div>
-
-<p>In <a href="#prov-dm-refinement">section 2</a>, further concepts underpinning PROV-DM are introduced.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#data-model-constraints">Section 3</a></p>
-
-
-<p><a href="#definitional-constraints">Section 4</a></p>
-
-<p><a href="#account-constraints">Section 5</a>
-</p>
-
-<p><a href="#interpretation">Section 6</a></p>
-<p><a href="#structural-constraints">Section 7</a></p>
-<p><a href="#collection-constraints">Section 8</a></p>
-<p><a href="#refining-provenance-descriptions">Section 9</a> successively review refined provenance descriptions, and examine their meaning, in light of the constraints introduced in previous sections. </p>
-
-
-
- </section>
-
-
-
- <section id="conventions">
-<h3>Conventions</h3>
-
-
-
-<p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
- NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
- "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
- [[!RFC2119]].</p>
- </section>
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id='prov-dm-refinement'>
-<h2>Data Model Refinement</h2>
-
-<p>Underpinning the PROV-DM data model is a notion of event, marking transitions in the world (when entities are generated, used, or destroyed, or activities started or ended). This notion of event is not first-class in the data model, but underpins many of its concepts and its semantics [[PROV-SEM]]. Thus, using this notion of event, we can provide an interpretation for the data model, which in turn can allow creators of provenance assertions to make their assertions more robust. </p>
-
-
- <section id='section-time-event'>
-<h4>Time and Event</h4>
-
-<p>Time is critical in the context of provenance, since it can help corroborate provenance claims. For instance, if an entity is claimed to be obtained by transforming another, then the
-latter must have existed before the former. If it is not the case, then there is something wrong with such a provenance claim. </p>
-
-<p> Although time is critical, we should also recognize that provenance can be used in many different contexts: in a single system, across the Web, or in spatial data management, to name a
-few. Hence, it is a design objective of PROV-DM to minimize the assumptions about time, so that PROV-DM can be used in varied contexts. </p>
-
-
-<p>Furthermore, consider two activities that started at the same time
-instant. Just by referring to that instant, we cannot distinguish
-which activity start we refer to. This is particularly relevant if we
-try to explain that the start of these activities had different
-reasons. We need to be able to refer to the start of an activity as a
-first class concept, so that we can talk about it and about its
-relation with respect to other similar starts. </p>
-
-
-<p>Hence, in our conceptualization of the world, an <em>instantaneous event</em>, or <dfn id="dfn-event">event</dfn> for short, happens in the world and marks a change in the world, in its
-activities and in its entities.
-The term "event" is commonly used in process algebra with a similar meaning. For instance, in CSP [[CSP]], events represent communications or interactions; they are assumed to be atomic and
-instantaneous.</p>
-
-
-
-
-<section id="types-of-events">
-<h4>Types of Events</h4>
-
-<p>Four kinds of <a title="event">instantaneous events</a> underpin the PROV-DM data model. The <strong>activity start</strong> and <strong>activity end</strong> events demarcate the
-beginning and the end of activities, respectively. The <strong>entity generation</strong> and <strong>entity usage</strong> events demarcate the characterization interval for entities. More
-specifically:
-
-</p>
-
-<p>An <dfn id="dfn-generation-event">entity generation event</dfn> is the <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the final instant of an entity's creation timespan, after which
-it is no longer available for use.</p>
-
-<p>An <dfn id="dfn-usage-event">entity usage event</dfn> is the <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the first instant of an entity's consumption timespan by an activity.</p>
-
-<p>An <dfn id="dfn-destruction-event">entity destruction event</dfn> is the <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the initial instant of an entity's destruction timespan, after which
-it no longer becomes available for use.</p>
-
-<div class='note'>Tentative definition of destruction!</div>
-
-
-<p>An <dfn id="dfn-start-event">activity start event</dfn> is the <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the instant an activity starts.</p>
-
-<p>An <dfn id="dfn-end-event">activity end event</dfn> is the <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the instant an activity ends.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="event-ordering">
-<h4>Event Ordering</h4>
-
-<p>To allow for minimalistic clock assumptions, like Lamport
-[[CLOCK]], PROV-DM relies on a notion of relative ordering of <a title="event">instantaneous events</a>,
-without using physical clocks. This specification assumes that a partial order exists between <a title="event">instantaneous events</a>.
-</p>
-
-
-<p>Specifically, <dfn id="dfn-follows">follows</dfn> is a partial
-order between <a title="event">instantaneous events</a>, indicating that an <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> occurs at the same time as or after another.
-For symmetry, <dfn id="dfn-precedes">precedes</dfn> is defined as
-the inverse of follows. (Hence, these relations are reflexive and transitive.)</p>
-
-
-<p> How such partial order is realized in practice is beyond the scope
-of this specification. This specification only assumes that
-each <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> can be mapped to an instant in some form of
-timeline. The actual mapping is not in scope of this
-specification. Likewise, whether this timeline is formed of a single
-global timeline or whether it consists of multiple Lamport's style
-clocks is also beyond this specification. It is anticipated
-that <a>follows</a> and <a>precedes</a> correspond to some ordering
-over this timeline.
-</p>
-
-
-<p>This specification introduces a set of "temporal interpretation"
-rules allowing the derivation of <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints from
-provenance descriptions. According to such temporal interpretation,
-descriptions MUST satisfy such constraints. We note that the
-actual verification of such ordering constraints is outside the
-scope of this specification. </p>
-
-<p>PROV-DM also allows for time observations to be inserted in specific
-descriptions, for each recognized <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> introduced
-in this specification. The presence of a time observation for a
-given <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> fixes the mapping of this <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> to the
-timeline. It can also help with the verification of associated
-ordering constraints (though, again, this verification is outside the
-scope of this specification).
-</p>
-
-
-
-</section>
-
- </section>
-
-
-
- <section id='section-attributes'>
-<h4>Attributes in Entities and Beyond </h4>
-
-<p>When we talk about things in the world in natural language and even when we assign identifiers, we are often imprecise in ways that make it difficult to clearly and unambiguously report
-provenance: a resource with a URL may be understood as referring to a report available at that URL, the version of the report available there today, the report independent of where it is
-hosted over time, etc.</p>
-
-<p>From a provenance viewpoint, it is important to identify a "<em>partial state</em>" of something, i.e. something with some aspects that have been fixed, so that it becomes possible to express its provenance, and what causes that thing, with these specific aspects to be as such. </p>
-
-<p>It is the purpose of attributes in PROV-DM to help fix some aspect of entities.
-Indeed, we previously defined
-entities as things in the world one wants to provide provenance for;
-we refine this definition as follows, using attribute-values to describe entities' "partial states", and linking them to the very existence of entities.</p>
-
-<p>
-An <dfn>entity</dfn> is a thing in the world one wants to provide provenance for and whose situation in the world is described by some attribute-value pairs; an entity's description (formed of attribute-value pairs) holds (i.e. describes the thing's situation) during a period comprised between its <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> and its <a title="entity destruction event">destruction event</a>.</p>
-
-<p>An entity fixes some aspects of a thing and its situation in the
-world. An alternative entity may fix other aspects, and its provenance
-may be different.</p>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<div class="anexample" id="a-report-example">
-Different users may take different perspectives on a resource with
-a URL. For each perspective, an entity may be expressed:
-<ul>
-<li>a report available at a URL: fixes the nature of the thing, i.e. a document, and its location; </li>
-<li>the version of the report available there today: fixes its version number, contents, and its date;</li>
-<li>the report independent of where it is hosted and of its content over time: fixes the nature of the thing as a conceptual artifact.</li></ul>
-The provenance of these three entities may differ, and may be along the following lines:
-<ul>
-<li>the provenance of a report available at a URL may include: the act of publishing it and making it available at a given location, possibly under some license and access control;</li>
-<li>the provenance of the version of the report available there today may include: the authorship of the specific content, and reference to imported content;</li>
-<li>the provenance of the report independent of where it is hosted over time may include: the motivation for writing the report, the overall methodology for producing it, and the broad team
-involved in it.</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-<p>We do not assume that any entity is more important than any other; in fact, it is possible to describe the processing that occurred for the report to be commissioned, for
-individual versions to be created, for those versions to be published at the given URL, etc., each via a different entity with attribute-value pairs that fix some aspect of the report appropriately.</p>
-
-<p>Attributes are not restricted to entities, but they belong to a variety of PROV-DM objects, including activities, activity associations, responsibility chains, generations, usages, derivations, and alternates. Each object has its duration interval, and attribute-value pairs for a given object, are expected to be unchanged for the object's duration.</p>
-</section>
-
-
-
- <section id="representation-term-assertion-inference">
-<h3>Description, Assertion, and Inference</h3>
-
-<p>
-PROV-DM is a provenance data model designed to express <em>descriptions</em> of the world.
-</p>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-A file at some point during its lifecycle, which includes multiple edits by multiple people, can be described by its type, its location in the file system, a creator, and content.
-</div>
-
-
-<p>The data model is designed to capture activities that happened in the past, as opposed to activities
-that may or will happen.
-However, this distinction is not formally enforced.
-Therefore, all PROV-DM descriptions SHOULD be interpreted as what has happened, as opposed to what may or will happen.</p>
-
-
-
-<p>
-This specification does not prescribe the means by which descriptions can be arrived at; for example, descriptions can be composed on the basis of observations, reasoning, or any other means.
-</p>
-
-
-<p>
-Sometimes, inferences about the world can be made from descriptions
-conformant to the PROV-DM data model. When this is the case, this
-specification defines such inferences, allowing new descriptions
-to be inferred from existing ones. Hence, descriptions of the world
-can result either from direct assertion or from inference
-by application of inference rules defined by this specification.
-</p>
-
-
-
-</section>
-<div class='issue'> We need to refine the definition of entity and activity, and all the concepts in general. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/223">ISSUE-223</a>.</div>
-
-
-
-
- <section id="account-and-accountEntity">
- <h3>Account and AccountEntity</h3>
-
-
-<p>It is common for multiple provenance records to co-exist. For
-instance, when emailing a file, there could be a provenance record
-kept by the mail client, and another by the mail server. Such
-provenance records may provide different explanations about something
-happening in the world, because they are created by different parties
-or observed by different witnesses. A given party could also create
-multiple provenance records about an execution, to capture different
-levels of details, targeted at different end-users: the programmer of
-an experiment may be interested in a detailed log of execution, while
-the scientists may focus more on the scientific-level description.
-Given that multiple provenance records can co-exist, it is important
-to have details about their origin, who they are attributed to, how
-they were generated, etc. In other words, an important requirement is
-to be able to express the provenance of provenance. </p>
-
-<p>
- <span class="glossary" id="glossary-account">
-An <dfn>account</dfn> is a named bundle of provenance descriptions.
-</span> PROV-DM does not provide an actual mechanism for creating accounts, i.e. for bundling up provenance descriptions and naming them. Accounts MUST satisfy some properties:
-<ul>
-<li>An account can be seen as a container of provenance descriptions, hence its content MAY change over time.</li>
-<li>If an account's set of descriptions changes over time, it increases monotonically with time. </li>
-<li>A given description of e.g. an entity in a given account, in terms of its identifier and attribute-value pairs, does not change over time. </li>
-</ul>
-
-<div class='note'>
-The last point is important and needs to be discussed by the Working Group.
-It indicates that within an account:
-<ul>
-<li>It is always possible to add new provenance descriptions, e.g. stating that a given entity was used by an activity. This is very much an open world assumption.
-<li>It is not permitted to add new attributes to a given entity (a form of closed world assumption from the attributes point of view), though it is always permitted to create a new description for an entity, which is a "copy" of the original description extended with novel attributes (cf Example <a href="#merge-with-rename">merge-with-rename</a>).
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-<p>
-There is no construct in PROV-DM to create such named bundles. Instead, it is assumed that some mechanism, outside PROV-DM can create them. However, from a provenance viewpoint, such accounts are things we may want to describe the provenance of. In order to be able to do so, we need to see accounts as entities, whose origin can be described using PROV-DM vocabulary. Thus, PROV-DM introduces the reserved type AccountEntity, defined as follows:
-<span class="glossary" id="glossary-entity">
- <dfn id="concept-accountEntity">AccountEntity</dfn> is the category of entities that are accounts, i.e. named bundles of provenance descriptions.
-</span>
-</p>
-
- </section>
-</section>
-
-
-
-<section id="data-model-constraints">
-<h2>Constraints Applicable to PROV-DM </h2>
-
-<p>In [[PROV-DM]], a data model for provenance has been defined without introducing any constraint that this data model has to satisfy. In <a href="#prov-dm-refinement">Section 2</a>, various notions have been introduced, attributes, event, entity interval, activity interval, accounts, which underpin the PROV-DM data model. Using these notion, we explore the constraints
-that the PROV-DM data model has to satisfy. </p>
-
-<div class='note'>
-<p> Overview the kind of constraints</p>
-<ul>
-<li>Definitional constraints (<a href="#definitional-constraints">Section 4</a>)</li>
-<li>Account constraints (<a href="#account-constraints">Section 5</a>)</li>
-<li>Event ordering constraints (<a href="#interpretation">Section 6</a>)</li>
-<li>Structural constraints (<a href="#structural-constraints">Section 7</a>)</li>
-<li>Collection constraints (<a href="#collection-constraints">Section 8</a>)</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="definitional-constraints">
-
-<h2>PROV-DM Definitional Constraints and Inferences</h2>
-
-<p>In this section, we revisit elements and relations of PROV-DM, and examine and examine the constraints associated with their definitions. </p>
-
-
-<div class='note'>
-Proposing to remove the subsections in this section, since some have no constraints.
-</div>
-
-
- <section id="term-element">
-<h3>Element</h3>
-
- <section id="term-Entity">
-
-<h4>Entity</h4>
-
-
-<p>
-An <dfn>entity</dfn> is a thing in the world one wants to provide provenance for and whose situation in the world is represented by some attribute-value pairs; an entity's attribute-value pairs remain unchanged during an entity's characterization interval,
- i.e. a continuous interval between two <a title="event">instantaneous events</a> in the world, namely its <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> and its <a title="entity destruction event">destruction event</a>.</p>
-
-
-Further considerations:
-<ul>
-<li>In order to describe something over several intervals, it is required to create multiple entities (either by direct
-assertion or by inference), each with its own identifier (so as to allow potential dependencies between the various entity records).
-
-
-</li>
-
-<li>There is no assumption that the set of attributes is complete and that the attributes are independent or orthogonal of each other.</li>
-
-<li>A characterization interval may collapse into a single instant.</li>
-
-
-
-</ul>
-
-
-
-<div class='issue'>The characterization interval of an entity record is currently implicit. Making it explicit would allow us to define alternateOf and specializationOf more precisely.
-Beginning and end of characterization interval could be expressed by attributes (similarly to activities).
-How do we define the end of an entity? This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/204">ISSUE-204</a>.
-</div>
-
-
-
-
- </section>
-
- <section id="term-Activity">
-
-<h3>Activity</h3>
-
-
-
-<p>An activity is anything that involves entities. An activity is delimited by its <a title="activity start event">start</a> and its <a title="activity end event">end</a> events; hence, it occurs over
-an interval delimited by two <a title="event">instantaneous events</a>. However, an activity need not mention time information, nor duration, because they may not be known.
-An activity's attribute-value pairs remain unchanged during an activity's interval, i.e. an interval between two instantaneous events in the world, namely its <a title="activity start event">start</a> event and its <a title="activity end event">end</a> event.
-</p>
-
-<div class="interpretation-forward">
-For the interpretation of an activity, see <a href="#start-precedes-end">start-precedes-end</a>.
-</div>
-
-<p>Further considerations:</p>
-<ul>
-<li>An activity is not an entity.
-Indeed, an entity exists in full at
-any point in its lifetime, persists during this
-interval, and preserves the characteristics that makes it
-identifiable. In contrast, an activity is something that happens,
-unfolds or develops through time, but is typically not identifiable by
-the characteristics it exhibits at any point during its duration.
-This distinction is similar to the distinction between
-'continuant' and 'occurrent' in logic [[Logic]].</li>
-</ul>
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-Agent">
-<h3>Agent</h3>
-
-
-
-
-<div class='issue'> Shouldn't we allow for entities (not agent) to be associated with an activity? Should we drop the inference association-agent? <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/203">ISSUE-203</a>.
-
-<p>One can assert an agent record or alternatively, one can infer an agent record
-by its association with an activity. </p>
-
-<div class='inference' id='association-agent'>
-<span class='conditional'>If</span> the records <span class="name">entity(e,attrs)</span>
-and
-<span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span> hold for some identifiers
-<span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span>, and attribute-values <span class="name">attrs</span>, then
-the record <span class="name">agent(e,attrs)</span> also holds.
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
- <section id="term-note">
-
-<h4>Note</h4>
-
-<p>Attribute-value pairs occurring in notes are application specific. Thus, their interpretation is outside the scope of this document, and they are not subject to any of the constraints listed in this document. </p>
-
-
-
- </section>
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="term-relation">
-<h3>PROV-DM Relations</h3>
-
-
-
-<section id="term-Generation">
-<h4>Generation</h4>
-
-
-<p>A <dfn id="dfn-Generation">generation</dfn> is an instantaneous world <a title="entity generation event">event</a>, the completed creation of a new
-entity by an activity. This entity become available for usage after this <a title="event">instantaneous
-event</a>. This entity did not exist before creation.
- This <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> encompasses a description of the modalities of generation of this entity by this activity, by means of key-value pairs.</p>
-
-
-
-<p>
-A generation's id is OPTIONAL. It MUST be used when annotating generations (see Section <a href="#term-annotation">Annotation</a>) or when defining precise
-derivations (see <a href="#Derivation-Relation">Derivation</a>).
-</p>
-
-
-<div class="interpretation-forward">
-For the interpretation of a generation, see <a href="#generation-within-activity">generation-within-activity</a>.
-</div>
-
-
-
-<p></p>
-<div class="structural-forward">
-See <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a> for a structural constraint on generations.
-</div>
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="term-Usage">
-<h3>Usage</h3>
-
-
-
-<p>A <dfn id="dfn-Use">usage</dfn> is an instantaneous world <a title="entity usage event">event</a>: an activity beginning to consume an entity.
-Before this event, the activity had not begun to consume or use to this entity.
- The description includes the modalities of usage of this entity by this activity.</p>
-
-
-
-
-<p>
-A usage id is OPTIONAL. It MUST be present when annotating usages (see Section <a href="#term-annotation">Annotation</a>) or when defining precise derivations (see
-<a href="#Derivation-Relation">Derivation</a>).</p>
-
-<p>
-A reference to a given entity MAY appear in multiple usages for a given activity identifier.
-</p>
-
-
-<div class="interpretation-forward">
-For the interpretation of a usage, see <a href="#generation-precedes-usage">generation-precedes-usage</a> and <a href="#usage-within-activity">usage-within-activity</a>.
-</div>
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<section id="term-ActivityAssociation">
-<h4>Activity Association</h4>
-
-<div class="interpretation-forward">
-For the interpretation of an activity association, see <a href="#wasAssociatedWith-ordering">wasAssociatedWith-ordering</a>.
-</div>
-
-
-<div class='issue'> The activity association record does not allow for a plan to be asserted without an agent.
-This seems over-restrictive. Discussed in the context of <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/203">ISSUE-203</a>.</div>
-
-
-<div class='issue'> Agents should not be inferred. WasAssociatedWith should also work with entities.
-This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/206">ISSUE-206</a>.</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-Start-End">
-<h4>Start and Ends</h4>
-
-
-<div class='issue'>
-Should we define start/end records as representation of activity start/end events.
-Should time be associated with these events rather than with activities. This will be similar to what
-we do for entities. This is issue <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/207">ISSUE-207</a>.</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<section id="term-responsibility">
-
-<h4>Responsibility Chain</h4>
-
-
-Nothing here.
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="Derivation-Relation">
-<h4>Derivation</h4>
-
-<p>A derivation is more informative if it contains a reference to an activity, generation, and usage. Hence, the following implication
-holds.</p>
-<div class='inference' id='derivation-implication'>
-Given two entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> the assertion <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,
-e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</span>
- holds for some generation <span class="name">g2</span>, usage <span class="name">u1</span>, and set of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs</span>, then <span
-class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1, attrs)</span> also holds.<br>
- </div>
-
-<div class="interpretation-forward">
-For the interpretation of a derivation, see <a href="#derivation-usage-generation-ordering">derivation-usage-generation-ordering</a> and <a
-href="#derivation-generation-generation-ordering">derivation-generation-generation-ordering</a>
-</div>
-
-
-<p>
-Note that inferring derivation from usage and generation does not hold
-in general. Indeed, when a generation <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(g, e2, a, attrs2)</span>
-<a>precedes</a> <span class="name">used(u, a, e1, attrs1)</span>, for
-some <span class="name">e1</span>, <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="name">attrs1</span>, <span class="name">attrs2</span>, and <span class="name">a</span>, one
-cannot infer derivation <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g, u)</span>
-or <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> since
-of <span class="name">e2</span> cannot possibly be derived from
- <span class="name">e1</span>, given the creation of <span class="name">e2</span> <a>precedes</a> the use
-of <span class="name">e1</span>.
-</p>
-
-
-<p></p>
-<div class="structural-forward">
-See <a href="#derivation-use">derivation-use</a> for a structural constraint on derivations.
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<div class='issue'> Emphasize the notion of 'affected by' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/133">ISSUE-133</a>.</div>
-
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="term-alternate-specialization">
-
-<h4>Alternate and Specializations</h4>
-
-<p>Nothing to add here</p>
-
- <div class="note">
-In order to further convey the intended meaning, the following properties are associated to these two relations.
-
- <ul>
- <li><span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> is <strong>transitive</strong>: <span class="name">specializationOf(e3,e2)</span> and <span
-class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> implies <span class="name">specializationOf(e3,e1)</span>.
-
- <li><span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> is <strong>anti-symmetric</strong>: <span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> implies that <span
-class="name">specializationOf(e1,e2)</span> does not hold.
- <li><span class="name">alternateOf(e2,e1)</span> is <strong>symmetric</strong>: <span class="name">alternateOf(e2,e1)</span> implies <span class="name">alternateOf(e1,e2)</span>.
- </ul>
-
-There are proposals to make alternateOf a transitive property. This is still under discussion and the default is for alternateOf <strong>not</strong> to be transitive, and this is what the current text reflects.</div>
-
-
-<div class='issue'>A discussion on alternative definition of these relations has not reached a satisfactory conclusion yet. This is <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/29">ISSUE-29</a>. Also <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/96">ISSUE-96</a>.</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-
- <section id="common-relations">
-<h2>PROV-DM Common Relations</h2>
-
-<p>This section contains constraints associated with PROV-DM common relations.</p>
-
-
-
-
-
-<section id="term-traceability">
-<h3>Traceability</h3>
-
-
-<p>Traceability can be inferred from existing descriptions, or can be asserted stating that a dependency path exists without its individual steps being expressed. This is captured
-by the following inference and constraint, respectively.
-
-<div class='inference' id='traceability-inference'>
-Given two identifiers <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span> for entities,
-the following statements hold:
-
-<ol>
-<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1)</span> holds, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">g2</span>, <span
-class="name">u1</span>, <span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds.</li>
-<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also
-holds.</li>
-<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr) and wasAssociatedWith(a,e1)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span> and <span
-class="name">gAttr</span>, <span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds.</li>
-<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr)</span>, <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span> and <span
-class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(e,e1)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span>, and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, <span
-class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds.</li>
-<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr) and wasStartedBy(a,e1,sAttr)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span
-class="name">e</span>, and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, and <span class="name">sAttr</span>, <span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also
-holds.</li>
-<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e)</span> and <span class="name">tracedTo(e,e1)</span> hold for some <span class="name">e</span>, <span
-class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds.</li>
-</ol>
-</div>
-
-<p>We note that the inference rule <a href="#traceability-inference">traceability-inference</a> does not allow us to infer attributes, which are application specific. </p>
-
-<div class='constraint' id='traceability-assertion'>
-<span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(r2,r1,attrs)</span> holds for two identifiers <span class="name">r2</span> and <span class="name">r1</span>
-identifying entities, and attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs</span>,
- <span class='conditional'>then</span> there exist
-<span class="name">e<sup>0</sup></span>, <span class="name">e<sup>1</sup></span>, ..., <span class="name">e<sup>n</sup></span> for <span class="name">n≥1</span>, with <span
-class="name">e<sup>0</sup></span>=<span class="name">r2</span> and <span class="name">e<sup>n</sup></span>=<span class="name">r1</span>, and
-for any i such that <span class="name">0≤i≤n-1</span>, at least of the following statements holds:
-<ul>
-<li> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>,a,g2,u1)</span> holds, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">g2</span>, <span class="name">u1</span>,
-or</li>
-<li> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span> holds, or</li>
-<li> <span class="name">wasBasedOn(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span> holds, or</li>
-<li> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr) and wasAssociatedWith(a,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span> and <span
-class="name">gAttr</span>, or</li>
-<li> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr)</span>, <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span> and <span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(e,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span> hold,
-for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span> and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, or</li>
-<li> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr) and wasStartedBy(a,e<sup>i+1</sup>,sAttr)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span>, and
-<span class="name">gAttr</span>, and <span class="name">sAttr</span>.</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-<p>We note that the previous constraint is not really an inference <em>rule</em>, since there is nothing that we can actually infer. Instead, this constraint should simply be seen as part
-of the definition of the traceability relation. </p>
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-OrderingOfActivities">
-<h3>Activity Ordering</h3>
-
-
-
-<p> An information flow ordering relation is formally defined as follows.</p>
-
-<div class='constraint' id='wasInformedBy-Definition'>Given two activities identified by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>,
- <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span>
-holds, <span class='conditional'>if and only if</span>
- there is an entity with some identifier <span class="name">e</span> and some sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs1</span> and <span class="name">attrs2</span>,
-such that <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a1,attrs1)</span> and <span class="name">used(a2,e,attrs2)</span> hold.
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="interpretation-forward">
-For the interpretation of an information flow ordering, see <a href="#wasInformedBy-ordering">wasInformedBy-ordering</a>.
-</div>
-
-
-<p>The relationship <span class="name">wasInformedBy</span> is not transitive. Indeed, consider the following fragment.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-wasInformedBy(a2,a1)
-wasInformedBy(a3,a2)
-</pre>
-<p> We cannot infer <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a3,a1)</span> from these expressions. Indeed,
-from
-<span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span>, we know that there exists <span class="name">e1</span> such that <span class="name">e1</span> was generated by <span class="name">a1</span>
-and used by <span class="name">a2</span>. Likewise, from <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a3,a2)</span>, we know that there exists <span class="name">e2</span> such that <span
-class="name">e2</span> was generated by <span class="name">a2</span> and used by <span class="name">a3</span>. The following illustration shows a case for which transitivity cannot hold. The
-horizontal axis represents the event line. We see that <span class="name">e1</span> was generated after <span class="name">e2</span> was used. Furthermore, the illustration also shows that
-<span class="name">a3</span> completes before <span class="name">a1</span>. So it is impossible for <span class="name">a3</span> to have used an entity generated by <span
-class="name">a1</span>.</p>
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
-<figure>
-<img src="images/informedByNonTransitive.png" alt="non transitivity of wasInformedBy" />
-<figcaption>Counter-example for transitivity of wasInformedBy</figcaption>
-</figure>
-</div>
-
-<p>Control ordering between two activities denoted by <span class="name">a2</span> and <span class="name">a1</span> is specified as follows.</p>
-
-<div class='constraint' id='wasStartedBy'>Given two activities with identifiers <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>,
- <span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,a1)</span>
-holds <span class='conditional'>if and only if</span>
- there exist an entity with some identifier <span class="name">e</span>
-and some attributes <span class="name">gAttr</span> and <span class="name">sAttr</span>,
-such that
- <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a1,gAttr)</span>
- and <span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,e,sAttr)</span> hold.
-</div>
-
-<p>We note that an activity start associates an activity with an agent, and is denoted by the name <span class="name">wasStartedBy</span>. A <a>control ordering</a> relation associates an
-activity with another activity, also denoted by the name <span class="name">wasStartedBy</span>. Effectively, by considering both relation types, the relation <span
-class="name">wasStartedBy</span> has a range formed by the union of agents and activities.</p>
-
-
-
-<div class="interpretation-forward">
-For the interpretation of a control flow ordering, see <a href="#wasStartedBy-ordering">wasStartedBy-ordering</a>.
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-Revision">
-<h3>Revision</h3>
-
-
-
-<p>A revision needs to satisfy the following constraint, linking the two entities by a derivation, and stating them to be a specialization of a third entity.</p>
-
-<div class='inference' id='wasRevision'>
-Given two identifiers <span class="name">old</span> and <span class="name">new</span> identifying two entities, and an identifier <span class="name">ag</span> identifying an agent,
-<span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasRevisionOf(new,old,ag)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span>
-there exists an entity with some identifier <span class="name">e</span> and some attribute-values <span class="name">eAttrs</span>, <span class="name">dAttrs</span>, such that the following
-hold:
-<ul>
-<li> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(new,old,dAttrs)</span>;
-<li> <span class="name">entity(e,eAttrs)</span>;
-<li> <span class="name">specializationOf(new,e)</span>;
-<li> <span class="name">specializationOf(old,e)</span>.
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-<p><span class="name">wasRevisionOf</span> is a strict sub-relation
- of <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom</span> since two entities <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span>
- may satisfy <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> without being a variant of
- each other.
-</p>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="recod-attribution">
-<h3>Attribution</h3>
-
-
-<div class='inference' id='attribution-implication'>
-<span class='conditional'>If</span>
-<span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e,ag)</span> holds for some identifiers
-<span class="name">e</span> and <span class="name">ag</span>,
-<span class='conditional'>then</span>, there exists an activity with some identifier <span class="name">a</span> such that the following statements hold:
-<pre>
-activity(a,t1,t2,attr1)
-wasGenerateBy(e,a)
-wasAssociatedWith(a,ag,attr2)
-</pre>
-for some sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attr1</span> and <span class="name">attr2</span>, time <span class="name">t1</span>, and <span class="name">t2</span>.
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="term-quotation">
-<h3>Quotation</h3>
-
-
-<div class='inference' id='quotation-implication'>
-<span class='conditional'>If</span>
-<span class="name">wasQuotedFrom(e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</span> holds for some identifiers
-<span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="name">e1</span>, <span class="name">ag2</span>, <span class="name">ag1</span>,
-<span class='conditional'>then</span> the following hold:
-<pre>
-wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)
-wasAttributedTo(e2,ag2)
-wasAttributedTo(e1,ag1)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-<section id="term-orignal-source">
-<h3>Original Source</h3>
-
-<p>Nothing specific.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-<section id="term-Collection">
-<h3>Collections</h3>
-
-<p>Nothing specific, here, everything in Collection constraint section</p>
-
-</section>
-
- </section>
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-<section id="account-constraints">
-<h3>PROV-DM Account Constraints</h3>
-
-
-<p>PROV-DM allows for multiple descriptions of entities (and in general any identifiable object) to be expressed. </p>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="example-two-entities-one-id">
-<p>Let us consider two descriptions of a same entity, which we have taken from two different contexts (see example). A working draft published by the <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>:</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
-</pre>
-The second version of a document edited by some authors:
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
-</pre>
-<p>Both descriptions are about the same entity identified by
-<span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>, but they contain different attributes, reflecting the context in which they occur.
-</p>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<p>Two different descriptions of a same entity cannot co-exist in a same account
- as formalized in <a href="#unique-description-in-account">unique-description-in-account</a>.</p>
-
-<div class='constraint' id='unique-description-in-account'>
-<p>Given an entity identifier <span class="name">e</span>, there is at most one description
-<span class="name">entity(e,av)</span> occurring in a given account, where <span class="name">av</span> is some set of attribute-values. Other descriptions of the same entity can exist in different accounts.</p>
-
-<p>This constraint similarly applies to all other types of identifiable entities and relations.</p>
-</div>
-
-<p>
- <div class="structural-forward">
- See Section <a href="#structural-constraints">structural-constraints</a> for a structural constraint on accounts
- </div>
-
-
-<p>In some cases, there may be a requirement for the two descriptions to be included in a same account. To satisfy the constraint <a href="#unique-description-in-account">unique-description-in-account</a>, we can adopt a different identifier for one of them, and relate the two descriptions with the <span class="name">alternateOf</span> relation. </p>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="merge-with-rename">
-<p>We now reconsider the same two descriptions of a same entity, but we change the identifier for one of them:</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
-entity(ex:alternate-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
-alternateOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex:alternate-20111215)
-alternateOf(ex:alternate-20111215,tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
- <section id="interpretation">
-<h3>PROV-DM Event Ordering Constraints</h3>
-
-<p>Section <a href="#section-time-event">section-time-event</a>
-introduces a notion of <a title="event">instantaneous event</a>
-marking changes in the world, in its activities and entities. PROV-DM
-identifies five kinds of <a title="event">instantaneous events</a>, namely <a>entity generation
-event</a>, <a>entity usage event</a>, <a>entity destruction event</a>, <a>activity start event</a>
-and <a>activity end event</a>. PROV-DM adopts Lamport's clock
-assumptions [[CLOCK]] in the form of a reflexive, transitive partial order <a>follows</a>
-(and its inverse <a>precedes</a>) between <a title="event">instantaneous events</a>. Furthermore,
-PROV-DM assumes the existence of a mapping from <a title="event">instantaneous events</a> to time clocks,
-though the actual mapping is not in scope of this specification.</p>
-
-<p>Given that provenance consists of a description of past entities
-and activities, to be meaningful provenance descriptions MUST
-satisfy <em>instantaneous event ordering constraints</em>, which we introduce in
-this section. For instance, an entity can only be used after it was
-generated; hence, we say that an entity's <a title="entity generation
-event">generation event</a> precedes any of this
-entity's <a title="entity usage event">usage event</a>. Should this
-ordering constraint be proven invalid, the associated generation and
-usage could not be credible. The rest of this section defines
-the <dfn>temporal interpretation</dfn> of provenance descriptions as a
-set of instantaneous event ordering constraints. </p>
-
-
-<p>PROV-DM also allows for time observations to be inserted in
-specific provenance descriptions, for each of the four kinds
-of <a title="event">instantaneous events</a> introduced in this specification. The
-presence of a time observation for a given <a>instantaneous event</a> fixes the
-mapping of this <a>instantaneous event</a> to the timeline. The presence of time
-information in a provenance description instantiates the ordering constraint with
-that time information. It is expected that such instantiated
-constraint can help corroborate provenance information. We anticipate
-that verification algorithms could be developedm, though this
-verification is outside the scope of this specification.
-</p>
-
-<p>The following figure summarizes the ordering constraints in a
-graphical manner. For each subfigure, an event time line points to the
-right. Activities are represented by rectangles, whereas entities are
-represented by circles. Usage, generation and derivation are
-represented by the corresponding edges between entities and
-activities. The four kind of <a title="event">instantaneous events</a> are represented by vertical
-dotted lines (adjacent to the vertical sides of an activity's
-rectangle, or intersecting usage and generation edges). The ordering
-constraints are represented by triangles: an occurrence of a triangle between two <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> vertical dotted lines represents that the event denoted by the left
-line precedes the event denoted by the right line.</p>
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
-<figure>
-<img src="images/constraints.png" alt="constraints between events" />
-<figcaption id="constraint-summary">Summary of <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints</figcaption>
-</figure>
-</div>
-
-
-<p>The mere existence of an activity entails some <a>event</a> ordering in the world, since an <a>activity start event</a> always <a>precedes</a> the corresponding <a>activity end
-event</a>. This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (a) and expressed by constraint <a href="#start-precedes-end">start-precedes-end</a>.</p>
-
-<div class='interpretation' id='start-precedes-end'> The following ordering constraint holds for any activity: the
-<a title="activity start event">start event</a> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity end event">end event</a>.</div>
-
-<p> A usage and a generation for a given entity implies ordering of <a title="event">events</a> in the world, since the <a title="entity generation
-event">generation event</a> had to precede the <a title="entity usage event">usage event</a>. This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (b) and expressed by constraint <a href="#generation-precedes-usage">generation-precedes-usage</a>.</p>
-
-<div class='interpretation' id='generation-precedes-usage'>For any entity, the following ordering constraint holds: the <a title="entity generation event">generation</a> of an entity always
-<a>precedes</a> any of its <a title="entity usage event">usages</a>.
-</div>
-
-<p>A usage implies ordering of <a title="event">events</a> in the world, since the <a title="entity usage event">usage event</a> had to occur during the associated activity. This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (c) and expressed by constraint <a href="#usage-within-activity">usage-within-activity</a>.</p>
-
-<div class='interpretation' id='usage-within-activity'>Given an activity with identifier <span class="name">a</span>, an entity with identifier <span class="name">e</span>, a set
-of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs</span>, and optional time <span class="name">t</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span>
- assertion <span class="name">used(a,e,attrs)</span> or <span class="name">used(a,e,attrs,t)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraint holds:
- the <a title="entity usage event">usage</a> of the entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity end event">end</a> of
-activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> and <a>follows</a> its <a title="activity start event">start</a>.
-</div>
-
-
-
-<p>A generation implies ordering of <a title="event">events</a> in the world, since the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> had to occur during the associated activity. This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (d) and expressed by constraint <a href="#generation-within-activity">generation-within-activity</a>.</p>
-
-<div class='interpretation' id='generation-within-activity'>Given an activity with identifier <span class="name">a</span>, an entity with identifier <span class="name">e</span>, a set
-of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs</span>, and optional time <span class="name">t</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a,attrs)</span> or <span
-class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a,attrs,t)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraint also holds: the <a title="entity generation
-event">generation</a> of the entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity end event">end</a>
-of activity <span class="name">a</span> and <a>follows</a> the <a title="activity start event">start</a> of <span class="name">a</span>.
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-<p>If there is a derivation between <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span>, then
-this means that the entity <span class="name">e1</span> had some form of influence on the entity <span class="name">e2</span>; for this to be possible, some event ordering must be satisfied.
-First, we consider derivations, where the activity and usage are known. In that case, the <a title="entity usage event">usage</a> of <span class="name">e1</span> has to precede the <a title="entity generation
-event">generation</a> of <span class="name">e2</span>.
-This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (e) and expressed by constraint <a
-href="#derivation-usage-generation-ordering">derivation-usage-generation-ordering</a>.</p>
-
-
-<div class='interpretation' id='derivation-usage-generation-ordering'>Given an activity with identifier <span class="name">a</span>, entities with identifier <span
-class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, a generation identified by <span class="name">g2</span>, and a usage identified by <span class="name">u1</span>, <span
-class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1,attrs)</span>
- holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span>
-the following ordering constraint holds:
-the <a title="entity usage event">usage</a>
-of entity denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="entity generation event">generation</a> of
-the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span>.
-</div>
-
-<p>When the usage is unknown, a similar constraint exists, except that the constraint refers to its
-generation event, as
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (f) and expressed by constraint <a
-href="#derivation-generation-generation-ordering">derivation-generation-generation-ordering</a>.</p>
-
-<div class='interpretation' id='derivation-generation-generation-ordering'>
-Given two entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span
-class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1, attrs)</span>
- holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraint holds:
-the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> of the entity denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a>
-of
-the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span>.
- </div>
-
-<p>Note that event ordering is between generations of <span class="name">e1</span>
-and <span class="name">e2</span>, as opposed to derivation where usage is known,
-which implies ordering ordering between the usage of <span class="name">e1</span> and
-generation of <span class="name">e2</span>. </p>
-
-<p> Information flow ordering between two activities <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> also implies ordering of <a
-title="event">events</a> in the world, since some entity must have been generated by the former and used by the later, which implies that the start event of <span class="name">a1</span>
-cannot follow the end event of <span class="name">a2</span>. This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (g) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasInformedBy-ordering">wasInformedBy-ordering</a>.</p>
-
-<div class='interpretation' id='wasInformedBy-ordering'>
-Given two activities denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span
-class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span>
- holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraint holds:
-the <a title="activity start event">start event</a> of the activity denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity end event">end event</a> of
-the activity denoted by <span class="name">a2</span>.
-</div>
-
-<p>Control flow ordering between two activities <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> also implies ordering of <a
-title="event">events</a> in the world, since <span class="name">a1</span> must have been active before <span class="name">a2</span> started. This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (h) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasStartedBy-ordering">wasStartedBy-ordering</a>.</p>
-
-
-<div class='interpretation' id='wasStartedBy-ordering'>
-Given two activities denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span
-class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,a1)</span>
- holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraint holds: the
-<a title="activity start event">start</a> event of the activity denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity start event">start event</a> of
-the activity denoted by <span class="name">a2</span>.
-</div>
-
-<div class='issue'>In the following, we assume that we can talk about the end of an entity (or agent)
-For this, we use the term 'destruction' This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/204">ISSUE-204</a>.
-</div>
-
-
-<p>Further constraints appear in Figure <a href="#constraint-summary2">constraint-summary2</a> and are discussed below.</p>
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
-<figure>
-<img src="images/constraints2.png" alt="further constraints between events" />
-<figcaption id="constraint-summary2">Summary of <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints (continued)</figcaption>
-</figure>
-</div>
-
-
-<p>An agent that started an activity must exist when the activity starts.
-This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary2">constraint-summary2</a> (a) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasStartedByAgent-ordering">wasStartedByAgent-ordering</a>.</p>
-
-
-<div class='interpretation' id='wasStartedByAgent-ordering'>
-Given an activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> and an agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span
-class="name">wasStartedBy(a,ag)</span>
- holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraints hold: the
-<a title="activity start event">start</a> event of the activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> <a>follows</a> the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> for agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, and
-<a>precedes</a> the destruction event of
-the same agent.
-</div>
-
-
-<p>An activity that was associated with an agent must have some overlap with the agent. The agent may be generated, or may only become associated with the activity, after its start: so, the agent is required to exist before the activity end. Likewise, the agent may be destructed, or may terminate its association with the activity, before the activity end: hence, the agent destruction is required to happen after the activity start.
-This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary2">constraint-summary2</a> (b) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasAssociatedWith-ordering">wasAssociatedWith-ordering</a>.</p>
-
-
-<div class='interpretation' id='wasAssociatedWith-ordering'>
-Given an activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> and an agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span
-class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,ag)</span>
- holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraints hold: the
-<a title="activity start event">start</a> event of the activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span>
-precedes the destruction event of
-the agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, and
- the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> for agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>
-<a>precedes</a> the activity <a title="activity end event">end</a> event.
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="issue">
-For completeness, we should define ordering constraint for wasAssociatedWith and actedOnBehalfOf.
-For wasAssociatedWith(a,ag), it feels that ag must have some overlap with a.
-For actedOnBehalfOf(ag1,ag2,a), it seem that ag2 should have existed before the overlap between ag1 and a. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/221">ISSUE-221</a>.
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="issue">
-It is suggested that a stronger name for wasAssociatedWith should be adopted.
-This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/182">ISSUE-182</a>.
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="structural-constraints">
-<h3>PROV-DM Structural Constraints</h3>
-
-<p><a href="#definitional-constraints">Section 4</a> provides definitional constraints for data model concepts.
-<a href="#account-constraints">Section 5</a> introduces constraints on descriptions occurring in accounts.
-<a href="#interpretation">Section 6</a> defines an interpretation of this data model, in terms of event ordering
-constraints.
-This section introduces further constraints on the structure of PROV-DM descriptions. Descriptions that satisfy these constraints are said to be <dfn>structurally well-formed</dfn>. A
-benefit of structurally well-formed provenance descriptions is that further inferences can be made, because descriptions are more precise, and therefore, richer. </p>
-
-<p>According to the definition of a <a>generation</a>, an entity becomes available after this entity's generation event, and does not exist before this event. From this definition,
-we conclude that PROV-DM does not allow for an entity to have two generations occurring at two different instants.
-The rationale for this constraint is as follows.
- Two distinct <a title="entity generation event">generation events</a> (by a same activity or by two distinct activities), occurring one after the other, necessarily create two distinct
-entities; otherwise, the second <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> would have resulted in an entity that existed before its creation, which contradicts the definition of
-<a>generation</a>.</p>
-
-<p>So, PROV-DM allows for two distinct <a>generations</a> <span class="name">g1</span> and <span class="name">g2</span> referencing a same entity provided they occur
-<em>simultaneously</em>.
-<!-- (This means that <span class="name">g1</span> <a>precedes</a> <span class="name">g2</span> and <span class="name">g2</span> <a>precedes</a> <span class="name">g1</span>.) -->
- In practice, for such a simultaneous generation to occur, the generation event has to be unique and caused by a <em>single world activity</em>, though provenance may contain
-several descriptions for the <em>same</em> world activity.
-</p>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-In the following assertions, a workflow execution <span class="name">a0</span> consists of two sub-workflow executions <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>.
-Sub-workflow execution <span class="name">a2</span> generates entity <span class="name">e</span>, so does <span class="name">a0</span>.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-activity(a0,,,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
-activity(a1,,,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
-activity(a2,,,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
-wasInformedBy(a2,a1)
-
-wasGeneratedBy(e,a0)
-wasGeneratedBy(e,a2)
-</pre>
-<p>So, we have two different <a title="generation">generations</a> for entity <span class="name">e</span>. Such an example is permitted in PROV-DM if the two activities denoted by <span class="name">a0</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> are a single thing happening in the world
-but described from different perspectives.</p>
-</div>
-
-<p>While this example is permitted in PROV-DM, it does not make the inter-relation between activities explicit, and it mixes descriptions expressed from different perspectives together.
-While this may acceptable in some specific applications, it becomes challenging for inter-operability. Indeed, PROV-DM does not offer any relation describing the structure of activities.
- Such descriptions are said not be structurally well-formed.</p>
-
-<p>Structurally well-formed provenance can be obtained by partitioning the generations into different accounts. This makes it clear that these generations provide alternative
-descriptions of the same real-world generation event, rather than describing two distinct generation events for the same entity. When accounts are used, the example can be encoded as follows.</p>
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-The same example is now revisited, with the following assertions that are structurally well-formed. Two accounts are introduced, and there is a single generation for entity <span
-class="name">e</span> per account.</p>
-
-<p>In a first account, entitled "summary", we find:</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
- activity(a0,t1,t2,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
- wasGeneratedBy(e,a0)
-</pre>
-<p>In a second account, entitled "detail", we find:</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
- activity(a1,t1,t3,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
- activity(a2,t3,t2,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
- wasInformedBy(a2,a1)
- wasGeneratedBy(e,a2)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<p>Structurally well-formed provenance satisfies some constraints, which force the structure of descriptions to be exposed by means of accounts. With these constraints satisfied, further
-inferences can be made about structurally well-formed descriptons.
-The uniqueness of generations in accounts is formulated as follows.
-</p>
-
-<div class='constraint' id='generation-uniqueness'>Given an entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span>, two activities denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span
-class="name">a2</span>, and two sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs1</span> and <span class="name">attrs2</span>,
-<span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id1,e,a1,attrs1)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id2,e,a2,attrs2)</span> exist in the scope of a given
-account,
-<span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">id1</span>=<span class="name">id2</span>, <span class="name">a1</span>=<span class="name">a2</span> and <span class="name">attrs1</span>=<span class="name">attrs2</span>.
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<p>A further inference is permitted from derivations with an explicit activity and no usage: </p>
-<div class='inference' id='derivation-use'>
-<p>Given an activity <span class="name">a</span>, entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, and sets of attribute-value
-pairs <span class="name">dAttrs</span>, <span class="name">gAttrs</span>,
-<span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1, a, dAttrs)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttrs)</span> hold, <span
-class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">used(a,e1,uAttrs)</span> also holds
-for some set of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">uAttrs</span>.
-</div>
-<p>This inference is justified by the fact that the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span> is generated by at most one activity in a given account
-(see <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a>). Hence, this activity is also the one referred to by the usage of <span class="name">e1</span>.
-</p>
-
-
-<p>We note that the converse inference, does not hold.
-From <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> and <span class="name">used(a,e1)</span>, one cannot
-derive <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,attrs2)</span> because identifier <span class="name">e1</span> may occur in usages performed by many activities, which may have not generated the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span>.</p>
-
-
-<p>
-An account is said to be structurally well-formed if
-it satisfies the constraint <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a>. If an account is structurally well-formed, it support the inference <a
-href="#derivation-use">derivation-use</a>.</p>
-
-<p> Taking the union of two accounts is another account,
-formed by the union of the descriptions they respectively contain. We note that the resulting union may or may not invalidate some constraints:
-<ul>
-<li> Two entity descriptions with a same identifier but different sets of attributes exist in each original account may invalidate <a href="#unique-description-in-account">unique-description-in-account</a> in the union, unless some form of description merging or renaming (as per <a href="#merge-with-rename">Example</a>) occurs.
-<li> Structurally well-formed
-accounts are not
-closed under union because the
-constraint <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a> may no
-longer be satisfied in the resulting union. </li>
-</ul>
-<p>How to reconcile such accounts is beyond the scope of this specification.</p>
-
-<!--
-Indeed, let us reconsider example <a href="#account-example-1">account-example-1</a>, and let us define another account record as follows.</p>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-account(ex:acc2,
- http://example.org/asserter2,
- entity(e0, [ prov:type="File", ex:path="/shared/crime.txt", ex:creator="Alice" ])
- ...
- activity(a1,t1,,[prov:type="createFile"])
- ...
- wasGeneratedBy(e0,a1,[ex:fct="create"])
- ... )
-</pre>
-<p>with identifier <span class="name">ex:acc2</span>, containing assertions by asserter by <span class="name">http://example.org/asserter2</span> stating that the entity represented by
-entity record identified by <span class="name">e0</span> was generated by an activity represented by activity record identified by <span class="name">a1</span> instead of <span
-class="name">a0</span> in the previous account <span class="name">ex:acc0</span>. If accounts <span class="name">ex:acc0</span> and <span class="name">ex:acc2</span> are merged together,
-the resulting set of records violates <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a> if the two activities <span class="name">a0</span> and <span class="name">a1</span> are
-distinct.</p>
-</div>
--->
-
-<div class="note">
-Can the semantics characterize better what can be achieved with structurally well-formed accounts?
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="note" id="note-related-to-issue-105">
-Satya discussed the example of a sculpture, whose hand and leg are sculpted independently by two different sculptors. He suggested that the sculpture is generated by two distinct activities.
-This section explains that it is not the case. The example can be formulated as follows.
-
-<p><a href="examples/sculpture.pn">Sculpture example in PROV-N</a></p>
-
-<p><a href="examples/sculpture.png">Sculpture example image</a></p>
-
-<p>
-We see that ex:s_3 (the sculpture in its final state) was derived from ex:l_2 (containment) which was generated by ex:a2. However, ex:s_3 is not directly generated by ex:a2. We may want to
-consider an abbreviation for this: wasGeneratedBy*(ex:s_3,ex:a2).</p>
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-
-<section id="collection-constraints">
-<h3>PROV-DM Collection Constraints</h3>
-
-<div class='note'>
-Edited by PM --- TBC
-</div>
-
-
-<div class='constraint' id='collection-parallel-insertions'>
-<p>One can have multiple assertions regarding the state of a collection following a <em>set</em> of insertions, for example:</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, k1, v1)
-CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, k2, v2)
-...
-</pre>
-<p>This is interpreted as <em>" <span class="name">c2</span> is the state that results from inserting <span class="name">(k1, v1)</span>, <span class="name">(k2, v2)</span> etc. into <span class="name">c1</span>"</em></p>
-</div>
-
-<div class='note'>
-Shouldn't we have the same for deletion, and combination of insertion and deletion?
-</div>
-
-
-<div class='constraint' id='collection-branching-derivations'>
-It is possible to have multiple derivations from a single root collection, as shown in the following example.
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
- entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection
- entity(v1)
- entity(v2)
- entity(v3)
- entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"])
- entity(c2, [prov:type="Collection"])
- entity(c3, [prov:type="Collection"])
-
- CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 = { (k1,v1) }
- CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c, k2, v2) // c2 = { (k2 v2) }
- CollectionAfterInsertion(c3, c1, k3,v3) // c3 = { (k1,v1), (k3,v3) }
-</pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<div class='constraint' id='collection-unique-ancestor'>
-Given the pair of assertions:
-<pre class="codeexample">
-CollectionAfterInsertion(c, c1, k1, v1)
-CollectionAfterInsertion(c, c2, k2, v2)
-</pre>
-it follows that <span class="name">c1==c2</span>.
-</div>
-
-<div class='note'>
-Original text stated it follows that <span class="name">c1==c2, k1==k2, v1==v2</span>, because one cannot have two different derivations for the same final collection state. This is incompatible with parallel insertion constraint.
-</div>
-
-
-<div class='note'>
-Shouldn't we have the same for deletion, and combination of insertion and deletion?
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-<div class='constraint' id='collection-unique-value-for-key'>
-Given the following set of insertions:
-<pre class="codeexample">
-CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k, v1)
-CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k, v2)
-</pre>
-it follows that <span class="name">v1==v2</span>.
-</div>
-
-
-<p>The state of a collection is only known to the extent that a chain of derivations starting from an empty collection can be found. Since a set of assertions regarding a collection's evolution may be incomplete, so is the reconstructed state obtained by querying those assertions. In general, all assertions reflect the asserter's partial knowledge of a sequence of data transformation events. In the particular case of collection evolution, in which the asserter <em>knows</em> that some of the state changes may have been missed, then the more generic <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> relation should be used to signal that some updates may have occurred, which cannot be precisely asserted as insertions or removals. The following two examples illustrate this.</p>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
- entity(c, [prov:type="collection"]) // e is a collection, possibly not empty
- entity(v1)
- entity(v2, [prov:type="collection"]) // v2 is a collection
-
- CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 <em>includes</em> { (k1,v1) } but may contain additional unknown pairs
- CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, k2, v2) // c2 includes { (k1,v1), (k2 v2) } where v2 is a collection with unknown state
-</pre>
-</div>
- In the example, the state of <span class="name">c2</span> is only partially known because the collection is constructed from partially known other collections.
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
- entity(c, [prov:type="emptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection
- entity(v1)
- entity(v2)
-
- CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 = { (k1,v1) }
- wasDerivedFrom(c2, c1) // the asserted knows that c2 is somehow derived from c1, but cannot assert the precise sequence of updates
- CollectionAfterInsertion(c3, c2, k2, v2)
-</pre>
-
-<p>Here <span class="name">c3</span> includes <span class="name">{ (k2 v2) }</span> but the earlier "gap" leaves uncertainty regarding <span class="name">(k1,v1)</span> (it may have been removed) or any other pair that may have been added as part of the derivation activities.</p>
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-
-<!--
-<section id="resource-section">
-<h2>Resources, URIs, Entities, Identifiers, and Scope</h2>
-
-<p>This specification introduces the notion of an identifiable entity in the world. In PROV-DM, an entity record is a representation of such an identifiable entity. An entity record
-includes an identifier identifying this entity. Identifiers are qualified names, which can be mapped to IRIs. </p>
-
-<p>The term 'resource' is used in a general sense
- for whatever might be identified by a URI [[!RFC3986]]. On the Web, a URI denotes a resource, without any expectation that the resource is accessed. </p>
-
-<p>The purpose of this section is to clarify the relationship between resource and the notions of entity and entity record. </p>
-
-<p>In the context of PROV-DM, a resource is just a thing in the world. One may take multiple perspectives on such a thing and its situation in the world, fixing some its aspects.</p>
-
-<p> We refer to the <a href="#a-report-example">example</a> of section <a href="#conceptualization">2.1</a> for a resource (at some URL) and three different perspectives, referred to as
-entities. Three different entity records can be expressed for this report, which in the PROV-N sample below, are expressed within a same account.
-</p>
-
-<pre>
-container
-prefix app http://example.org/app/
-prefix cr http://example.org/crime/
-
- account(acc1,
- http://example.org/asserter1,
-
- entity(app:0, [ prov:type="Document", cr:path="http://example.org/crime.txt" ])
- entity(app:1, [ prov:type="Document", cr:path="http://example.org/crime.txt", cr:version="2.1", cr:content="...", cr:date="2011-10-07" ])
- entity(app:2, [ prov:type="Document", cr:author="John" ])
- ...)
-endContainer
-</pre>
-
-<p>Each entity record contains an identifier that is unique in
-account <span class="name">acc1</span>, and therefore locally
-identifies the entity record it is contained in. In this example,
-three identifiers were minted.</p>
-
-<p>Given that the report is a resource denoted by the URI <span class="name">http://example.org/crime.txt</span>, we could simply use this URI as the identifier of an entity. This would
-avoid us minting new URIs. Hence, the report URI would play a double role: as a URI it denotes a resource accessible at that URI, and as an identifier in a PROV-DM record, it helps identify
-a specific characterization of this report. A given identifier occurring in an entity record must be unique within the scope of an account. Hence, below, all entities records have been given
-the same identifier but appear in the scope of different accounts, so as to satisfy <a href="#identifiable-term-in-account">identifiable-term-in-account</a>.</p>
-
-<pre>
-container
-prefix app http://example.org/
-prefix cr http://example.org/crime/
-
- account(acc2,
- http://example.org/asserter1,
-
- entity(app:crime.txt, [ prov:type="Document", cr:path="http://example.org/crime.txt" ])
- ...)
-
- account(acc3,
- http://example.org/asserter1,
-
- entity(app:crime.txt, [ prov:type="Document", cr:path="http://example.org/crime.txt", cr:version="2.1", cr:content="...", cr:date="2011-10-07" ])
- ...)
-
- account(acc4,
- http://example.org/asserter1,
- entity(app:crime.txt, [ prov:type="Document", cr:author="John" ])
- ...)
-endContainer
-</pre>
-
-<p>In this case, the qualified name <span class="name">app:crime.txt</span> maps to URI <span class="name">http://example.org/crime.txt</span> still denotes the same resource; however, the
-perspectives we take about that resource are expressed by multiple entity records, happening to all contain the same identifier but in different accounts. </p>
-
-<p> Alternatively, if we need to assert the existence of two different perspectives on the report within the same account, then alternate identifiers MUST be used, one of them being allowed
-to be the resource URI.</p>
-
-<pre>
-container
- prefix app http://example.org/
- prefix app2 http://example.org/app/
- prefix cr http://example.org/crime/
-
- account(acc5,
- http://example.org/asserter1,
-
- entity(app:crime.txt, [ prov:type="Document", cr:path="http://example.org/crime.txt" ])
- entity(app2:1, [ prov:type="Document", cr:path="http://example.org/crime.txt", cr:version="2.1", cr:content="...", cr:date="2011-10-07" ])
-
- ...)
-endContainer
-
-</pre>
-
-
-</section>
-
--->
-
-<!--
-<li>For use, generation, and derivation event, the first argument is the 'effect' (i.e. most recent item) and the second argument is the 'cause' (i.e. least recent item). This order is
-compatible with the temporal layout of the graphical notation.
--->
-
-<section id="refining-provenance-descriptions">
-<h3>Refining Provenance Descriptions</h3>
-
-<div class='note'>Purely tentative</div>
-
-<p>In this section, we successively review refined provenance descriptions, and examine their meaning, in light of the constraints introduced in this specification. </p>
-
-
-<ol>
-<li>First, let us consider a small set of three descriptions, including an entity, an agent, and an attribution relation.
-<pre>
-entity(tr:prov-dm)
-agent(w3:Consortium)
-wasAttributedTo(tr:prov-dm,w3:Consortium)
-</pre>
-<p>The entity denoted by <span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span> does not contain any attribute besides its identifier. Without any further detail, this entity is simply the resource denoted by <span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span>, whatever its state over time. This resource has multiple versions including <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> and <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</span>.
-Likewise, the second line simply is a description for a resource denoted by <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>, nothing less, nothing more.</p>
-<p>The third description should be interpreted as: whatever changes entity <span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span> may have gone through, it is always attributed to the <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span> agent.</p>
-</li>
-
-
-<li>Second, the descriptions are bundled up as an account with name <span class="name">ex:acc1</span>:
-<pre>
-entity(tr:prov-dm)
-agent(ex:Simon)
-wasAttributedTo(tr:prov-dm,ex:Simon)
-</pre>
-and provenance details are available for <span class="name">ex:acc1</span>, namely the generation time for the provenance.
-<pre>
-entity(ex:acc1, [prov:type="AccountEntity"])
-wasGeneratedBy(ex:acc1,,2011-12-15T12:00:00)
-</pre>
-<div class='note'>
-What is the meaning here? Is it any different? Are stating anything about newer version of tr:prov-dm that occur after 2011-12-15T12:00:00?
-</div>
-
-<li> A generation event for <span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span> is provided.
-<pre>
-entity(tr:prov-dm)
-agent(ex:Simon)
-wasGeneratedBy(tr:prov-dm,,2011-12-15T12:00:00)
-wasAttributedTo(tr:prov-dm,ex:Simon)
-</pre>
-<div class='note'>
-What is the meaning here? that only the version that was created by this event is attributed to ex:Simon, but not previous ones. This means that it is not specfied whether he was an author in anterior versions.
-</div>
-
-</li>
-
-
-<li> A destruction event for <span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span> is provided.
-<pre>
-entity(tr:prov-dm)
-agent(ex:Simon)
-wasGeneratedBy(tr:prov-dm,,2011-12-15T12:00:00)
-wasDestroyedBy(tr:prov-dm,,2012-02-02T12:00:00)
-wasAttributedTo(tr:prov-dm,ex:Simon)
-</pre>
-<div class='note'>
-Speculative, since we have not defined the destruction event (yet?.
-What is the meaning here? that only the versions that existed during this characterization interval were attributed to ex:Simon.
-</div>
-</li>
-
-</ol>
-
-</section>
-
-<!--
-<section>
-<h3>Stuff to Keep, Maybe?</h3>
-
-
-
-
-<li id='attribute-occurrence-in-entity-record'>The attributes
-occurring in an entity record MUST be declared in the namespace
-referred to by their prefix according to
-<a href="#term-attribute">Section term-attribute</a>. Furthermore,
-for each attribute, a namespace also declares the number of
-occurrences it may have in a list of attributes. An entity record is
-valid if the number of occurrences of any of its attributes is
-compatible with this attribute's declaration it its namespace. This
-property applies to all types of records, and is referred to
-as <a>attribute occurrence validity</a>.</li>
-
-
-</section>
--->
-
-<section class="appendix">
- <h2>Acknowledgements</h2>
- <p>
- WG membership to be listed here.
- </p>
- </section>
-
- </body></html>
--- a/model/working-copy/wd5-prov-dm-derivation.html Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,413 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-
-<html><head>
- <title>PROV-DM PROPOSAL on Derivation</title>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
- <!--
- === NOTA BENE ===
- For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
- out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
- -->
-<!-- PM -->
- <style type="text/css">
- .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
- </style>
-
- <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
- <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
- <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" class="remove"></script>
-
- <script src="../glossary.js" class="remove"></script>
-
- <script class="remove">
- function updateGlossaryRefs() {
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- $(this).attr('prov:hadOriginalSource',glossary_hg);
- if (span) {
- $(this).children('dfn').replaceWith(function(){return $('<span>').addClass('dfn').append($(this).contents())});
- }
- });
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- $(document).ready(function(){
- // if glossary is in a string:
- $('#glossary_div').html(glossary_string)
- updateGlossaryRefs();
- });
-
- </script>
-
- <script class="remove">
- var addExtraReferences = function() {
- for (var k in extraReferences)
- berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
- };
- var extraReferences = {
- "CLOCK":
- "Lamport, L. "+
- "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
- "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
- "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
- "CSP":
- "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
- "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
- "Logic":
- "W. E. Johnson"+
- "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
- "1924. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
- "PROV-SEM":
- "James Cheney "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Work in progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
-
- "PROV-PRIMER":
- "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
-
- "PROV-O":
- "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-DM":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\"><cite>PROV-DM Constraints</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a>",
-
- "PROV-ASN":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\"><cite>PROV-ASN ....</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/</a>",
-
- "PROV-AQ":
- "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
- };
- var respecConfig = {
- // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
- specStatus: "ED",
-
- // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
- shortName: "prov-dm",
-
- // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
- // formal title, define it here
- subtitle : "Draft proposal (to be incorporated in Editor's Draft when approved)",
-
-
- // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
- // publishDate: "2011-10-18",
-
- // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
- // the start date here:
- // copyrightStart: "2005"
-
- // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
- // and its maturity status
- previousPublishDate: "2012-02-02",
- previousMaturity: "WD",
-
- // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
- edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html",
-
- // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
- // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
-
- // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
- // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
- extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "./extra.css"],
-
- // editors, add as many as you like
- // only "name" is required
- editors: [
- { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
- company: "University of Southampton" },
- { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
- company: "Newcastle University" },
- ],
-
- // authors, add as many as you like.
- // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
- // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
-
- authors: [
- { name: "Khalid Belhajjame", url: "http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Khalid_Belhajjame",
- company: "University of Manchester" },
- { name: "Stephen Cresswell",
- company: "legislation.gov.uk"},
- { name: "Yolanda Gil",
- company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.isi.edu/~gil/"},
- { name: "Reza B'Far",
- company: "Oracle Corporation" },
- { name: "Paul Groth", url: "http://www.few.vu.nl/~pgroth/",
- company: "VU University of Amsterdam" },
- { name: "Graham Klyne",
- company: "University of Oxford" },
- { name: "Jim McCusker", url: "http://tw.rpi.edu/web/person/JamesMcCusker",
- company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute" },
- { name: "Simon Miles",
- company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/simonm/" },
- { name: "James Myers", url:"http://www.rpi.edu/research/ccni/",
- company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute"},
- { name: "Satya Sahoo", url:"http://cci.case.edu/cci/index.php/Satya_Sahoo",
- company: "Case Western Reserve University" },
- ],
-
- // name of the WG
- wg: "Provenance Working Group",
-
- // URI of the public WG page
- wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
-
- // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
- wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
-
- // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
- // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
- // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
- // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
- // Team Contact.
- wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
-
- // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
- preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
- };
- </script>
- </head>
- <body>
-
- <section id="abstract">
-<div class="note">TO EDIT</div>
-<p>
-PROV-DM is a data model for provenance for building
-representations of the entities, people and activities involved in
-producing a piece of data or thing in the world. PROV-DM is
-domain-agnostic, but is equipped with extensibility points allowing
-further domain-specific and application-specific extensions to be
-defined. PROV-DM is accompanied by PROV-ASN, a technology-independent
-abstract syntax notation, which allows serializations of PROV-DM
-instances to be created for human consumption, which facilitates its
-mapping to concrete syntax, and which is used as the basis for a
-formal semantics.
-</p>
- </section>
-
-<section id="sotd">
-<div class="note">TO EDIT</div>
-<section id="prov-family">
-<!-- <h3>Prov Family of Specifications</h3>-->
-This document is part of the PROV family of specifications, a set of specifications aiming to define the various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
-interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. This document defines the PROV-DM data model for provenance, accompanied with a notation to express
-instances of that data model for human consumption. Other documents are:
-<ul>
-<li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS, a set of constraints applying to the PROV-DM data model,</li>
-<li> PROV-ASN, a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption,</li>
-<li> PROV-O, the provenance ontology: by means of a mapping of PROV-DM to the OWL2 Web Ontology Language, this specification provides a normative serialization of PROV-DM in RDF</li>
-<li> PROV-AQ, provenance access and query: the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance; </li>
-<li> PROV-PRIMER: a primer for the PROV-DM provenance data model,</li>
-<li> PROV-SEM: a formal semantics for the PROV-DM provenance data model.</li>
-</ul>
-</section>
-</section>
-
-
-
-<div class="buttonpanel">
-<form action="#"><p>
-<input id="hide-asn" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','withAsn','none');set_display_by_class('span','withAsn','none'); set_display_by_id('hide-asn','none'); set_display_by_id('show-asn','');" type="button"
-value="Hide ASN" />
-<input id="show-asn" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','withAsn',''); set_display_by_class('span','withAsn',''); set_display_by_id('hide-asn',''); set_display_by_id('show-asn','none');" style="display: none"
-type="button" value="Show ASN" />
-</p>
-</form>
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-<section id="Derivation-Relation">
-<h4>Derivation</h4>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-derivation" withspan='true'></div>
-
-
-
-
-<p>According to <a href="#conceptualization">Section Overview</a>, for an entity to be transformed from, created from, or resulting from an update to another, there must be some
-underpinning activities performing the necessary actions resulting in such a derivation.
-A derivation can be described at various levels of precision. In its simplest form, derivation relates two entities. Optionally, attributes can be added to describe modalities of derivation. If the derivation is the result of a single known activity, then this activity can also be optionally expressed. And to provide a completely accurate description of derivation, the generation and usage of the generated and used entities, respectively, can be provided. The reason for optional information such as activity, generation, and usage to be linked to derivations is to aid analysis of provenance and to facilitate provenance-based reproducibility. </p>
-
-
-<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-derivation">A <dfn>derivation</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-wasDerivedFrom">wasDerivedFrom(id, e2, e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier for a derivation;</li>
-<li><em>generatedEntity</em>: the identifier (<span class="name">e2</span>) of the entity generated by the derivation;</li>
-<li><em>usedEntity</em>: the identifier (<span class="name">e1</span>) of the entity used by the derivation;</li>
-<li><em>activity</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) for the activity using and generating the above entities;</li>
-<li><em>generation</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the generation (<span class="name">g2</span>) involving the generated entity and activity;</li>
-<li><em>usage</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the usage (<span class="name">u1</span>) involving the used entity and activity;</li>
-<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that describe the modalities of this derivation.</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-<p> Derivation is not defined to be transitive. Domain-specific specializations of derivation may be defined in such a way that the transitivity property
-holds.</p>
-
-
-
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>The following descriptions state the existence of derivations.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)
-wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:type="physical transform"])
-wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1)
- wasGeneratedBy(g2,e2,a)
- used(u1,a,e1)
-</pre>
-<p>
-The first and second lines are about derivations of <span class="name">e2</span> (the generated entity) from <span class="name">e1</span> (the used entity), but no information is provided as to the identity of the activity (and usage and generation) underpinning the derivation. In the second line, a type attribute is also provided.</p>
-<p>
-The third description expresses that activity <span class="name">a</span>,
-using the entity <span class="name">e1</span> according to usage <span class="name">u1</span>,
- derived the
-entity <span class="name">e2</span> and generated it according to generation
- <span class="name">g2</span>. It is followed by descriptions for generation <span class="name">g2</span> and usage <span class="name">u1</span>. With such a comprehensive description of derivation, a program that analyzes provenance can identify the activity underpinning the derivation, it can identify how the original entity <span class="name">e1</span> was used by the activity (e.g. for instance, which argument it was passed as, if the activity is the result of a function invocation), and which output the derived entity <span class="name">e2</span> was obtained from (say, for a function returning multiple results).</p>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<div class='pending'>Several points were raised about the attribute steps.
-Its name, its default value <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/180">ISSUE-180</a>.
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/179">ISSUE-179</a>.</div>
-
-
-<div class='pending'> Is imprecise-1 derivation necessary? Can we just use precise-1 and imprecise-n? <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/249">ISSUE-249</a>.</div>
-
-<div class='issue'> Emphasize the notion of 'affected by' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/133">ISSUE-133</a>.</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="Derivation-Relation">
-<h4>TO GO in PART II: Derivation</h4>
-
-
-<b>Section <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm-constraints.html#Derivation-Relation">Derivation-Relation</a> edited as follows</b>.
-
-
-<p>A derivation is more informative if it contains a reference to an activity, generation, and usage. Hence, the following implication
-holds.</p>
-<div class='inference' id='derivation-implication'>
-Given two entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> the assertion <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,
-e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</span>
- holds for some generation <span class="name">g2</span>, usage <span class="name">u1</span>, and set of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs</span>, then <span
-class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1, attrs)</span> also holds.<br>
- </div>
-
-<div class="interpretation-forward">
-For the interpretation of a derivation, see <a href="#derivation-usage-generation-ordering">derivation-usage-generation-ordering</a> and <a
-href="#derivation-generation-generation-ordering">derivation-generation-generation-ordering</a>
-</div>
-
-
-<p>
-Note that inferring derivation from usage and generation does not hold
-in general. Indeed, when a generation <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(g, e2, a, attrs2)</span>
-<a>precedes</a> <span class="name">used(u, a, e1, attrs1)</span>, for
-some <span class="name">e1</span>, <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="name">attrs1</span>, <span class="name">attrs2</span>, and <span class="name">a</span>, one
-cannot infer derivation <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g, u)</span>
-or <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> since
-of <span class="name">e2</span> cannot possibly be derived from
- <span class="name">e1</span>, given the creation of <span class="name">e2</span> <a>precedes</a> the use
-of <span class="name">e1</span>.
-</p>
-
-
-<!--
-<p>The effective placeholder for an entity generation time is <a>generation</a>. The presence of
-time information in derivations is merely a convenience notation for a timeless derivation and a generation with this generation time information. </p>
-
-<div class='inference' id="derivation-time-elimination">
-<span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,t,attrs)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following expressions also hold:
-<span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,attrs)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,t)</span>.
-</div>
--->
-
-<p></p>
-<div class="structural-forward">
-See <a href="#derivation-use">derivation-use</a> for a structural constraint on derivations.
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-<div class='pending'>Several points were raised about the attribute steps.
-Its name, its default value <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/180">ISSUE-180</a>.
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/179">ISSUE-179</a>.</div>
-
-<div class='issue'> Emphasize the notion of 'affected by' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/133">ISSUE-133</a>.</div>
-
-<div class='pending'> Simplify derivation <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/249">ISSUE-249</a>.</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section>
-<h4>TO GO in PART 2: PROV-DM Account Constraints</h4>
-
-<b>To replace <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm-constraints.html#derivation-use">derivation-use</a></b>.
-
-
-
-<p>A further inference is permitted from derivations with an explicit activity and no usage: </p>
-<div class='inference' id='derivation-use'>
-<p>Given an activity <span class="name">a</span>, entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, and sets of attribute-value
-pairs <span class="name">dAttrs</span>, <span class="name">gAttrs</span>,
-<span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1, a, dAttrs)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttrs)</span> hold, <span
-class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">used(a,e1,uAttrs)</span> also holds
-for some set of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">uAttrs</span>.
-</div>
-<p>This inference is justified by the fact that the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span> is generated by at most one activity in a given account
-(see <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a>). Hence, this activity is also the one referred to by the usage of <span class="name">e1</span>.
-</p>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-<div id="glossary_div" class="remove">
-<!-- glossary loaded from glossary.js will be hooked up here,
- class remove, will remove this element from the final output.
--->
-</div>
-
- </body>
-</html>
--- a/model/working-copy/wd5-prov-dm-misc.html Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,439 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-
-<html><head>
- <title>PROV-DM Misc PROPOSALS to Vote On</title>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
- <!--
- === NOTA BENE ===
- For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
- out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
- -->
-<!-- PM -->
- <style type="text/css">
- .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
- </style>
-
- <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
- <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
- <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" class="remove"></script>
-
- <script src="../glossary.js" class="remove"></script>
-
- <script class="remove">
- function updateGlossaryRefs() {
- $('.glossary-ref').each(function(index) {
- var ref=$(this).attr('ref');
- var span=$(this).attr('withspan')
- $('#'+ref+'.glossary').contents().clone().appendTo($(this));
- $(this).attr('prov:hadOriginalSource',glossary_hg);
- if (span) {
- $(this).children('dfn').replaceWith(function(){return $('<span>').addClass('dfn').append($(this).contents())});
- }
- });
- }
- $(document).ready(function(){
- // if glossary is in a string:
- $('#glossary_div').html(glossary_string)
- updateGlossaryRefs();
- });
-
- </script>
-
- <script class="remove">
- var addExtraReferences = function() {
- for (var k in extraReferences)
- berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
- };
- var extraReferences = {
- "CLOCK":
- "Lamport, L. "+
- "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
- "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
- "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
- "CSP":
- "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
- "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
- "Logic":
- "W. E. Johnson"+
- "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
- "1924. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
- "PROV-SEM":
- "James Cheney "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Work in progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
-
- "PROV-PRIMER":
- "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
-
- "PROV-O":
- "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-DM":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\"><cite>PROV-DM Constraints</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a>",
-
- "PROV-ASN":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\"><cite>PROV-ASN ....</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/</a>",
-
- "PROV-AQ":
- "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
- };
- var respecConfig = {
- // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
- specStatus: "ED",
-
- // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
- shortName: "prov-dm",
-
- // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
- // formal title, define it here
- subtitle : "Draft proposal (to be incorporated in Editor's Draft when approved)",
-
-
- // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
- // publishDate: "2011-10-18",
-
- // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
- // the start date here:
- // copyrightStart: "2005"
-
- // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
- // and its maturity status
- previousPublishDate: "2012-02-02",
- previousMaturity: "WD",
-
- // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
- edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html",
-
- // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
- // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
-
- // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
- // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
- extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "../extra.css"],
-
- // editors, add as many as you like
- // only "name" is required
- editors: [
- { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
- company: "University of Southampton" },
- { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
- company: "Newcastle University" },
- ],
-
- // authors, add as many as you like.
- // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
- // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
-
- authors: [
- { name: "Khalid Belhajjame", url: "http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Khalid_Belhajjame",
- company: "University of Manchester" },
- { name: "Stephen Cresswell",
- company: "legislation.gov.uk"},
- { name: "Yolanda Gil",
- company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.isi.edu/~gil/"},
- { name: "Reza B'Far",
- company: "Oracle Corporation" },
- { name: "Paul Groth", url: "http://www.few.vu.nl/~pgroth/",
- company: "VU University of Amsterdam" },
- { name: "Graham Klyne",
- company: "University of Oxford" },
- { name: "Jim McCusker", url: "http://tw.rpi.edu/web/person/JamesMcCusker",
- company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute" },
- { name: "Simon Miles",
- company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/simonm/" },
- { name: "James Myers", url:"http://www.rpi.edu/research/ccni/",
- company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute"},
- { name: "Satya Sahoo", url:"http://cci.case.edu/cci/index.php/Satya_Sahoo",
- company: "Case Western Reserve University" },
- ],
-
- // name of the WG
- wg: "Provenance Working Group",
-
- // URI of the public WG page
- wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
-
- // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
- wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
-
- // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
- // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
- // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
- // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
- // Team Contact.
- wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
-
- // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
- preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
- };
- </script>
- </head>
- <body>
-
- <section id="abstract">
- </section>
-
-<section id="sotd">
-<div class="note">PROPOSALS TO VOTE ON</div>
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="Proposal 1: On Entity Invalidation">
-<h4>Proposal 1: On Entity Invalidation</h4>
-
-<p>
-<b>Context:</b>
-Activities have a start and an end (corresponding to event defined in part II). Entities have a characterization interval, with a generation event marking the interval beginning, but no event marking the interval end.
-</p>
-
-<p>It is proposed to introduce an explicit event that marks the end of an entity characterization interval. Some suggested that it could be a "invalidation" event, others felt the term invalidation is too strong, but no alternate term has been proposed so far.</p>
-
-<p id="proposal1"><b>PROPOSED</b>: to introduce a prov-dm concept that marks the end of an entity lifetime. Its name remains to be determined. </p>
-
-<p><em>Suggested names:</em>
-<ul>
-<li> invalidation, <li>expiration, <li>final usage, <li>destruction
-<li> lostFormBy
-</ul>
-
-<p>For now, INVALIDATION is used as <em>placeholder name</em></p>
-
-<p><em>The text would include the following.</em></p>
-
-<p>Tentative definition:
-<dfn id="concept-invalidation">Invalidation</dfn> is the end of an entity's lifetime. This entity becomes unavailable for usage after invalidation. This entity no longer exists after invalidation. Any generation or usage of an entity precedes its invalidation.
-</p>
-
-
-<p>
-<div class="attributes" id="attributes-invalidation"><dfn title="dfn-Invalidation">Invalidation</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasInvalidatedBy(id,e,a,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> has the following components:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for a invalidation;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>entity</span>: an identifier for the destroyed entity; </li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>activity</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the activity that destroys the entity;</li>
-
-<li><span class='attribute'>time</span>: an OPTIONAL "invalidation time", the time at which the entity began to be destroyed;</li>
-
-<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that describes the modalities of invalidation of this entity by this activity.</li>
-</ul></div>
-<p>While each of the components <span class='attribute'>activity</span>, <span class='attribute'>time</span>, and <span class='attribute'>attributes</span> is OPTIONAL, at least one of them MUST be present.</p>
-
-
-
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-In the following example, invalidation is caused by a new version of an entity being made available. Let us consider the resource <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">tr:prov-dm</a> when it was the first working draft (attribute <span class="name">ex:version=1</span>).
-This resource was no longer the first working draft, as soon as the second working draft was published.
-Hence, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">tr:prov-dm</a> was invalidated by <span class="name">ex:act2</span>,
-when it published <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(tr:prov-dm,[prov:type="working draft", ex:version="1"])
-wasInvalidatedBy(tr:prov-dm,ex:act2,2011-12-15T16:00:00)
-activity(ex:act2,,,[prov:type="publish"])
-wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:act2,2011-12-15T16:00:00)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-In the following example, invalidation is caused by the disappearance of an entity. Let us consider the proceedings of the 2002 Chicago provenance workshop. They used to be hosted at <span class="name">http://people.cs.uchicago.edu/~yongzh/position_papers.html</span>, and were lost as a researcher left the hosting institution. The proceedings were restored at <a href="http://www.ipaw.info/chicago02/position_papers.html"><span class="name">ipaw:2002</span></a>.
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(chicago:wkshp2002,[prov:type="workshop talks"])
-wasInvalidatedBy(chicago:wkshp2002,2010-08-21T00:00:00)
-
-entity(ipaw:wkshp2002,[prov:type="workshop talks"])
-activity(ex:restore,[prov:type="Restore"])
-wasGeneratedBy(ipaw:wkshp2002,ex:restore,2012-03-09T0:00:00)
-wasDerivedFrom(ipaw:wkshp2002,chicago:wkshp2002)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-<!--
-<section id="Proposal 2: On Entity Time">
-<h4>Proposal 2: On Entity Time</h4>
-
-<p>
-<b>Context:</b>
-Activities have convenient time information, with startTime and endTime attributes. This is convenience notation that avoids having to declare start/end event, and associated time. No such convenience notation exisst for entities.
-</p>
-
-<p id="proposal2"><b>PROPOSED</b>: to introduce convenience time attribute to entities (similarly to activities).</p>
-
-
-
-<p><em>The text would include the following.</em></p>
-
-<p>Revised definition of entity, with optional time information. Name 'invalidation' (TBC).</p>
-
-
-
-<div class="attributes" id="attributes-entity">An entity<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-entity">entity(id, gt, dt, [ attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-ASN, </span> contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an identifier for an entity; </li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>generationTime</span>: an OPTIONAL time for the generation time of the entity;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>invalidationTime</span>: an OPTIONAL time for the invalidation time of the entity;</li>
-
-<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs representing this entity's situation in the world.</li>
-</ul></div>
-
-</section>
-
--->
-
-<section id="Proposal 2: On Activity Start and End">
-<h4>Proposal 2: Activity Start and End without Responsibility</h4>
-
-<b>Context:</b>
-The motivation for introducing agents in prov-dm is to denote the agent's responsibility for activities. It is however impossible to describe the start/end of an activity without introducing agents, and therefore assigning responsibility.
-</p>
-
-<p id="proposal2"><b>PROPOSED</b>: to formulate start and end of activities independently of responsibility and agents. Hence, start and end of activity would no longer be a form of activity association. Instead of an agent, an optional entity trigger would be allowed.</p>
-
-<p><em>The text would include the following.</em></p>
-
-
-<span class="glossary" id="glossary-start">
-<dfn id="concept-start">Start</dfn> is when an activity is deemed to have started.
- The activity did not exist before its start. Any usage, generation, or invalidation involving an activity follows its start.
-</span>
-
-
-<span class="glossary" id="glossary-end">
-<dfn id="concept-end">End</dfn> is when an activity is deemed to have ended.
- The activity no longer exists after its end. Any usage, generation, or invalidation involving an activity precedes its end.
-</span>
-
-
-
-<p>An activity start<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasStartedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the activity start;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>activity</span>: an identifier for the started activity;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>trigger</span>: an identifier for the entity triggering the activity;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>time</span>: the time at which the activity was started; </li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs describing modalities according to which the activity was started.
-</ul>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-The following example contains the description of an activity <span class="name">a1</span> (a discussion), which was started at a specific time, and was triggered by an email message <span class="name">e1</span>.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(e1,[prov:type="email message"])
-activity(a1,[prov:type="Discuss"])
-wasStartedBy(a1,e1,2011-11-16T16:05:00)
-</pre>
-Furthermore, if the activity happens to consume the message content, then the message would also be regarded as an input to the activity, which we describe as follows:
-<pre class="codeexample">
-used(a1,e1)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-<p>The relations wasStartedBy and used are orthogonal, and thus need to be asserted independently, according to the situation being described.</p>
-
-<p>An activity end<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasEndedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the activity end;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>activity</span>: an identifier for the ended activity;
-<li><span class='attribute'>trigger</span>: an identifier for the entity triggering the activity ending;
-<li><span class='attribute'>time</span>: the time at which the activity was ended; </li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs describing modalities according to which the activity was ended.
-</ul>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-The following example is a description of an activity <span class="name">a1</span> (editing) that was ended following an approval document <span class="name">e1</span>.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(e1,[prov:type="approval document"])
-activity(a1,[prov:type="Editing"])
-wasEndedBy(a1,e1)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-In the following example, a race is started by a bang, and responsibility for this trigger is attributed to an agent
- <span class="name">ex:DarthVader</span>.
-<pre class="codeexample">
-activity(ex:foot_race)
-wasStartedBy(ex:foot_race,ex:bang,2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00)
-entiy(ex:bang)
-agent(ex:DarthVader)
-wasAttributedTo(ex:foot_race,ex:DarthVader)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<div class="note">
-Constraints need to be added to part II, to ensure that time information on activity matches time information on Start/End.
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="Proposal 3: Activity Started/Ended by Another Activity">
-<h4>Proposal 3: Activity Started/Ended by Another Activity</h4>
-
-<b>Context:</b>
-The name wasStartedBy is overloaded.
-There is
-<pre class="codeexample">
-wasStartedBy(activity,entity)
-wasStartedBy(activity,activity)
-</pre>
-This overloading is problematic in the ontology.
-</p>
-
-<p id="proposal3"><b>PROPOSED</b>: to rename wasStartedBy(activity,activity) in wasStartedByActivity(activity,activity)</p>
-
-
-<div class="note">
-It was suggested that we could drop the relation wasStartedBy(activity,activity) and mandate explicit declaration of
-entity: wasStartedBy(a2,entity) wasGeneratedBy(entity,a1).
-Thoughts?
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-<div id="glossary_div" class="remove">
-<!-- glossary loaded from glossary.js will be hooked up here,
- class remove, will remove this element from the final output.
--->
-</div>
-
- </body>
-</html>
--- a/model/working-copy/wd5-prov-dm-plan.html Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,284 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-
-<html><head>
- <title>PROV-DM update on Association with Agent and Plan</title>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
- <!--
- === NOTA BENE ===
- For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
- out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
- -->
-<!-- PM -->
- <style type="text/css">
- .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
- </style>
-
- <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
- <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
- <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" class="remove"></script>
-
- <script src="../glossary.js" class="remove"></script>
-
- <script class="remove">
- function updateGlossaryRefs() {
- $('.glossary-ref').each(function(index) {
- var ref=$(this).attr('ref');
- var span=$(this).attr('withspan')
- $('#'+ref+'.glossary').contents().clone().appendTo($(this));
- $(this).attr('prov:hadOriginalSource',glossary_hg);
- if (span) {
- $(this).children('dfn').replaceWith(function(){return $('<span>').addClass('dfn').append($(this).contents())});
- }
- });
- }
- $(document).ready(function(){
- // if glossary is in a string:
- $('#glossary_div').html(glossary_string)
- updateGlossaryRefs();
- });
-
- </script>
-
- <script class="remove">
- var addExtraReferences = function() {
- for (var k in extraReferences)
- berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
- };
- var extraReferences = {
- "CLOCK":
- "Lamport, L. "+
- "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
- "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
- "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
- "CSP":
- "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
- "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
- "Logic":
- "W. E. Johnson"+
- "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
- "1924. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
- "PROV-SEM":
- "James Cheney "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Work in progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
-
- "PROV-PRIMER":
- "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
-
- "PROV-O":
- "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-DM":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\"><cite>PROV-DM Constraints</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a>",
-
- "PROV-N":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\"><cite>PROV-N ....</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a>",
-
- "PROV-AQ":
- "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
- };
- var respecConfig = {
- // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
- specStatus: "ED",
-
- // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
- shortName: "prov-dm",
-
- // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
- // formal title, define it here
- subtitle : "Draft proposal (to be incorporated in Editor's Draft)",
-
-
- // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
- // publishDate: "2011-10-18",
-
- // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
- // the start date here:
- // copyrightStart: "2005"
-
- // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
- // and its maturity status
- previousPublishDate: "2012-02-02",
- previousMaturity: "WD",
-
- // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
- edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/working-copy/wd5-prov-dm-plan.html",
-
- // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
- // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
-
- // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
- // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
- extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "../extra.css"],
-
- // editors, add as many as you like
- // only "name" is required
- editors: [
- { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
- company: "University of Southampton" },
- { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
- company: "Newcastle University" },
- ],
-
- // authors, add as many as you like.
- // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
- // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
-
- authors: [
- { name: "Khalid Belhajjame", url: "http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Khalid_Belhajjame",
- company: "University of Manchester" },
- { name: "Stephen Cresswell",
- company: "legislation.gov.uk"},
- { name: "Yolanda Gil",
- company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.isi.edu/~gil/"},
- { name: "Reza B'Far",
- company: "Oracle Corporation" },
- { name: "Paul Groth", url: "http://www.few.vu.nl/~pgroth/",
- company: "VU University of Amsterdam" },
- { name: "Graham Klyne",
- company: "University of Oxford" },
- { name: "Jim McCusker", url: "http://tw.rpi.edu/web/person/JamesMcCusker",
- company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute" },
- { name: "Simon Miles",
- company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/simonm/" },
- { name: "James Myers", url:"http://www.rpi.edu/research/ccni/",
- company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute"},
- { name: "Satya Sahoo", url:"http://cci.case.edu/cci/index.php/Satya_Sahoo",
- company: "Case Western Reserve University" },
- ],
-
- // name of the WG
- wg: "Provenance Working Group",
-
- // URI of the public WG page
- wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
-
- // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
- wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
-
- // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
- // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
- // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
- // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
- // Team Contact.
- wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
-
- // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
- preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
- };
- </script>
- </head>
- <body>
-
- <section id="abstract">
- </section>
-
-<section id="sotd">
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="term-ActivityAssociation">
-<h4>Activity Association</h4>
-
-<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-activityAssociation" withspan="true"></div>
-
-
-<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-activity-association">An <dfn title="dfn-activity-association">activity association</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasAssociatedWith(id,a,ag,pl,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has the following
-constituents:
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the association between an activity and an agent;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>activity</span>: an identifier for the activity;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>agent</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the agent associated with the activity;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>plan</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the plan adopted by the agent in the context of this activity;
-<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that describe the modalities of association of this activity with this agent.</li>
-</ul></div>
-
-<div class="anexample id="anexample-wasAssociateWith">
-In the following example, a designer and an operator agents are associated with an activity. The designer's goals are achieved by a workflow <span class="name">ex:wf</span>.
-<pre class="codeexample">
-activity(ex:a,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
-agent(ex:ag1,[prov:type="operator"])
-agent(ex:ag2,[prov:type="designer"])
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:a,ex:ag1,[prov:role="loggedInUser", ex:how="webapp"])
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:a,ex:ag2,ex:wf,[prov:role="designer", ex:context="project1"])
-entity(ex:wf,[prov:type="prov:Plan"%% xsd:QName, ex:label="Workflow 1",
- ex:url="http://example.org/workflow1.bpel" %% xsd:anyURI])
-</pre>
-Since the workflow <span class="name">ex:wf</span> is itself an entity, its provenance can also be expressed in PROV-DM: it can be generated by some activity and derived from other entities,
-for instance.
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample id="anexample-wasAssociateWith-2">
-In some cases, one wants to indicate a plan was followed, without having to specify which agent was involved.
-<pre class="codeexample">
-activity(ex:a,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:a,-,ex:wf)
-entity(ex:wf,[prov:type="prov:Plan"%% xsd:QName, ex:label="Workflow 1",
- ex:url="http://example.org/workflow1.bpel" %% xsd:anyURI])
-</pre>
-In this case, it is assumed that an agent exists, but simply it has not been specified.
-</div>
-
-
-</section> <!-- end wasAssociatedWith -->
-
-
-<section>
-<h4>TO GO in PART 2 </h4>
-
-<div class="note">
-Need to determine where this goes. Probably section 4.
-</div>
-
-
-<p>In associations, prov-dm assumes that an agent always exists, even if it has not been specified. This is formalized by the following inference. </p>
-<div class='inference' id='infer-agent-in-association'>
-<p>Given an activity <span class="name">a</span> and a plan <span class="name">pl</span>, and a set of attribute-value
-pairs <span class="name">attrs</span>,
-
-<span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,-,pl, attrs)</span> holds, <span
-class='conditional'>then</span> there exists an agent <span class="name">ag</span>, such that <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,ag,pl, attrs)</span> also holds.
-</div>
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-<div id="glossary_div" class="remove">
-<!-- glossary loaded from glossary.js will be hooked up here,
- class remove, will remove this element from the final output.
--->
-</div>
-
- </body>
-</html>
--- a/model/working-copy/wd5-prov-dm-quote.html Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,304 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-
-<html><head>
- <title>PROV-DM new version of Quotation and Original Source</title>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
- <!--
- === NOTA BENE ===
- For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
- out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
- -->
-<!-- PM -->
- <style type="text/css">
- .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
- </style>
-
- <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
- <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
- <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" class="remove"></script>
-
- <script src="../glossary.js" class="remove"></script>
-
- <script class="remove">
- function updateGlossaryRefs() {
- $('.glossary-ref').each(function(index) {
- var ref=$(this).attr('ref');
- var span=$(this).attr('withspan')
- $('#'+ref+'.glossary').contents().clone().appendTo($(this));
- $(this).attr('prov:hadOriginalSource',glossary_hg);
- if (span) {
- $(this).children('dfn').replaceWith(function(){return $('<span>').addClass('dfn').append($(this).contents())});
- }
- });
- }
- $(document).ready(function(){
- // if glossary is in a string:
- $('#glossary_div').html(glossary_string)
- updateGlossaryRefs();
- });
-
- </script>
-
- <script class="remove">
- var addExtraReferences = function() {
- for (var k in extraReferences)
- berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
- };
- var extraReferences = {
- "CLOCK":
- "Lamport, L. "+
- "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
- "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
- "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
- "CSP":
- "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
- "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
- "Logic":
- "W. E. Johnson"+
- "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
- "1924. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
- "PROV-SEM":
- "James Cheney "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Work in progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
-
- "PROV-PRIMER":
- "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
-
- "PROV-O":
- "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-DM":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\"><cite>PROV-DM Constraints</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a>",
-
- "PROV-N":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\"><cite>PROV-N ....</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a>",
-
- "PROV-AQ":
- "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
- };
- var respecConfig = {
- // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
- specStatus: "ED",
-
- // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
- shortName: "prov-dm",
-
- // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
- // formal title, define it here
- subtitle : "Draft proposal (to be incorporated in Editor's Draft)",
-
-
- // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
- // publishDate: "2011-10-18",
-
- // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
- // the start date here:
- // copyrightStart: "2005"
-
- // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
- // and its maturity status
- previousPublishDate: "2012-02-02",
- previousMaturity: "WD",
-
- // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
- edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/working-copy/wd5-prov-dm-quote.html",
-
- // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
- // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
-
- // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
- // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
- extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "../extra.css"],
-
- // editors, add as many as you like
- // only "name" is required
- editors: [
- { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
- company: "University of Southampton" },
- { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
- company: "Newcastle University" },
- ],
-
- // authors, add as many as you like.
- // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
- // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
-
- authors: [
- { name: "Khalid Belhajjame", url: "http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Khalid_Belhajjame",
- company: "University of Manchester" },
- { name: "Stephen Cresswell",
- company: "legislation.gov.uk"},
- { name: "Yolanda Gil",
- company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.isi.edu/~gil/"},
- { name: "Reza B'Far",
- company: "Oracle Corporation" },
- { name: "Paul Groth", url: "http://www.few.vu.nl/~pgroth/",
- company: "VU University of Amsterdam" },
- { name: "Graham Klyne",
- company: "University of Oxford" },
- { name: "Jim McCusker", url: "http://tw.rpi.edu/web/person/JamesMcCusker",
- company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute" },
- { name: "Simon Miles",
- company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/simonm/" },
- { name: "James Myers", url:"http://www.rpi.edu/research/ccni/",
- company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute"},
- { name: "Satya Sahoo", url:"http://cci.case.edu/cci/index.php/Satya_Sahoo",
- company: "Case Western Reserve University" },
- ],
-
- // name of the WG
- wg: "Provenance Working Group",
-
- // URI of the public WG page
- wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
-
- // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
- wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
-
- // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
- // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
- // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
- // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
- // Team Contact.
- wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
-
- // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
- preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
- };
- </script>
- </head>
- <body>
-
- <section id="abstract">
- </section>
-
-<section id="sotd">
-<div class="note">PROPOSALS TO VOTE ON</div>
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="term-quotation">
-<h3>Quotation</h3>
-
-<p>
-<span class="glossary" id="glossary-quotation">
-A <dfn>quotation</dfn>
- is the repeat of (some or all of) an entity, such as text or image, by
-someone other than its original author.
-</span>
-
-<p>Quotation
- is a particular case of <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> in which entity <span class="name">e2</span> is derived from an original entity <span class="name">e1</span> by copying, or "quoting", some or all of it.
- A <dfn>quotation relation</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression"> wasQuotedFrom(id,e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the relation;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>quote</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e2</span>) for the entity that represents the quote (the partial copy);
-<li><span class='attribute'>original</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e1</span>) for the original entity being quoted;
-<li><span class='attribute'>quoterAgent</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier (<span class="name">ag2</span>) for the agent who performs the quote;
-<li><span class='attribute'>originalAgent</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier (<span class="name">ag1</span>) for the agent to whom the original entity is attributed;
-<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
-
-</ul>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-quotation">
-<p>
-The following paragraph is a quote from one of <a href="http://thinklinks.wordpress.com/2012/03/07/thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/">the author's blogs</a>.
-<blockquote id="paul-quote"><em>
-During the workshop, it became clear to me that the consensus based models (which are often graphical in nature) can not only be formalized but also be directly connected to these database focused formalizations. I just needed to get over the differences in syntax. This could imply that we could have nice way to trace provenance across systems and through databases and be able to understand the mathematical properties of this interconnection.</em>
-</blockquote>
-<p>If <a href="http://thinklinks.wordpress.com/2012/03/07/thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/"><span class="name">ex:blog</span></a> denotes the original blog by agent <span class="name">ex:Paul</a>, and
- <a href="#paul-quote"><span class="name">ex:blockquote</span></a> denotes the above paragraph, then the following descriptions express that the above paragraph is copied by agent <span class="name">ex:Luc</a> from a part of the blog, attributed to the agent <span class="name">ex:Paul</a>.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(ex:blog)
-agent(ex:Luc)
-agent(ex:Paul)
-wasQuotedFrom(ex:blockQuote,ex:blog,ex:Luc,ex:Paul)
-</pre>
-
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-</section> <!-- end quotation -->
-
-
-<section id="term-original-source">
-<h3>Original Source</h3>
-
-<p>
-<span class="glossary" id="glossary-original-source">
-An <dfn>original source</dfn> refers to the
-source material that is closest to the person, information, period, or idea being studied.
-</span>
-</p>
-
-<p>An <dfn>original source relation</dfn> is a particular case of <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a>
-which aims to give
-credit to the source that originated some information. It is recognized that it may be
-hard to determine which entity constitutes an original source. This definition is inspired by
-<tt>orginal-source</tt> as defined in
-<a href="http://googlenewsblog.blogspot.com/2010/11/credit-where-credit-is-due.html">http://googlenewsblog.blogspot.com/2010/11/credit-where-credit-is-due.html<a/>.
-
-
-<p> An original source relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression"> hadOriginalSource(id,e2,e1,attrs)</span>,</span> contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the relation;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>derived</span>: an identifier for the derived entity; </li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>source</span>: an identifier for the original source entity;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
-</ul>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-Let us consider the current section <a href="#term-original-source"><span class="name">dm:term-original-source</span></a>, and
-the Google page <a href="http://googlenewsblog.blogspot.com/2010/11/credit-where-credit-is-due.html"><span class="name">go:credit-where-credit-is-due.html</span></a>, where the notion was originally described.
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(dm:term-original-source)
-entity(go:credit-where-credit-is-due.html)
-hadOriginalSource(dm:term-original-source,go:credit-where-credit-is-due.html)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-</section> <!-- end original source -->
-
-
-
-
-<div id="glossary_div" class="remove">
-<!-- glossary loaded from glossary.js will be hooked up here,
- class remove, will remove this element from the final output.
--->
-</div>
-
- </body>
-</html>
--- a/model/working-copy/wd5-prov-invalidation.html Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,394 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-
-<html><head>
- <title>PROV-DM PROPOSAL on Entity Invalidation</title>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
- <!--
- === NOTA BENE ===
- For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
- out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
- -->
-<!-- PM -->
- <style type="text/css">
- .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
- </style>
-
- <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
- <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
- <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" class="remove"></script>
-
- <script src="../glossary.js" class="remove"></script>
-
- <script class="remove">
- function updateGlossaryRefs() {
- $('.glossary-ref').each(function(index) {
- var ref=$(this).attr('ref');
- var span=$(this).attr('withspan')
- $('#'+ref+'.glossary').contents().clone().appendTo($(this));
- $(this).attr('prov:hadOriginalSource',glossary_hg);
- if (span) {
- $(this).children('dfn').replaceWith(function(){return $('<span>').addClass('dfn').append($(this).contents())});
- }
- });
- }
- $(document).ready(function(){
- // if glossary is in a string:
- $('#glossary_div').html(glossary_string)
- updateGlossaryRefs();
- });
-
- </script>
-
- <script class="remove">
- var addExtraReferences = function() {
- for (var k in extraReferences)
- berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
- };
- var extraReferences = {
- "CLOCK":
- "Lamport, L. "+
- "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
- "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
- "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
- "CSP":
- "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
- "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
- "Logic":
- "W. E. Johnson"+
- "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
- "1924. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
- "PROV-SEM":
- "James Cheney "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Work in progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
-
- "PROV-PRIMER":
- "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
-
- "PROV-O":
- "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-DM":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\"><cite>PROV-DM Constraints</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a>",
-
- "PROV-ASN":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\"><cite>PROV-ASN ....</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/</a>",
-
- "PROV-AQ":
- "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
- };
- var respecConfig = {
- // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
- specStatus: "ED",
-
- // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
- shortName: "prov-dm",
-
- // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
- // formal title, define it here
- subtitle : "Draft proposal (to be incorporated in Editor's Draft)",
-
-
- // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
- // publishDate: "2011-10-18",
-
- // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
- // the start date here:
- // copyrightStart: "2005"
-
- // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
- // and its maturity status
- previousPublishDate: "2012-02-02",
- previousMaturity: "WD",
-
- // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
- edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html",
-
- // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
- // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
-
- // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
- // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
- extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "../extra.css"],
-
- // editors, add as many as you like
- // only "name" is required
- editors: [
- { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
- company: "University of Southampton" },
- { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
- company: "Newcastle University" },
- ],
-
- // authors, add as many as you like.
- // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
- // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
-
- authors: [
- { name: "Khalid Belhajjame", url: "http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Khalid_Belhajjame",
- company: "University of Manchester" },
- { name: "Stephen Cresswell",
- company: "legislation.gov.uk"},
- { name: "Yolanda Gil",
- company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.isi.edu/~gil/"},
- { name: "Reza B'Far",
- company: "Oracle Corporation" },
- { name: "Paul Groth", url: "http://www.few.vu.nl/~pgroth/",
- company: "VU University of Amsterdam" },
- { name: "Graham Klyne",
- company: "University of Oxford" },
- { name: "Jim McCusker", url: "http://tw.rpi.edu/web/person/JamesMcCusker",
- company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute" },
- { name: "Simon Miles",
- company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/simonm/" },
- { name: "James Myers", url:"http://www.rpi.edu/research/ccni/",
- company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute"},
- { name: "Satya Sahoo", url:"http://cci.case.edu/cci/index.php/Satya_Sahoo",
- company: "Case Western Reserve University" },
- ],
-
- // name of the WG
- wg: "Provenance Working Group",
-
- // URI of the public WG page
- wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
-
- // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
- wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
-
- // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
- // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
- // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
- // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
- // Team Contact.
- wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
-
- // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
- preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
- };
- </script>
- </head>
- <body>
-
- <section id="abstract">
- </section>
-
-<section id="sotd">
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="On Entity Invalidation">
-<h4>On Entity Invalidation: new Section 4.1.7</h4>
-
-<h4>4.1.7: Invalidation</h4>
-
-<p>
-Entities have a duration. Generation marks the beginning of an entity. The end of an entity can occur for different reasons.
-<ul>
-<li> an entity was destroyed: e.g. a painting was destroyed by fire; a Web page is taken out of a site;
-<li> an entity was consumed: e.g. Bob ate all his soup, Alice ran out of gas when driving to work;
-<li> an entity expires: e.g. a "buy one beer, get one free" offer is valid during happy hour (7-8pm);
-<li> an entity is time limited: e.g. the BBC news site on April 3rd, 2012;
-<li> an entity attribute is changing: e.g. the traffic light changed from green to red.
-</ul>
-In the first two cases, the entity has physically disappeared after its termination: there is no more soup, or painting. In the last two cases, there may be an "offer voucher" that still exists, but it is no longer valid; likewise, on April 4th, the BBC news site still exists but it is not the same entity as BBC news Web site on April 3rd; or the traffic light became red and therefore is regarded as a different entity to the green light.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<dfn id="concept-invalidation">Invalidation</dfn>
-is the start of the destruction, cessation, or expiry of an existing entity by an activity.
-The entity is no longer available for use after invalidation. Any generation or usage of an entity precedes its invalidation.
-</p>
-
-
-<p>
-<div class="attributes" id="attributes-invalidation"><dfn title="dfn-Invalidation">Invalidation</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasInvalidatedBy(id,e,a,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for a invalidation;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>entity</span>: an identifier for the invalidated entity; </li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>activity</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the activity that invalidated the entity;</li>
-
-<li><span class='attribute'>time</span>: an OPTIONAL "invalidation time", the time at which the entity began to be invalidated;</li>
-
-<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this invalidation.</li>
-</ul></div>
-<p>While each of the components <span class='attribute'>activity</span>, <span class='attribute'>time</span>, and <span class='attribute'>attributes</span> is OPTIONAL, at least one of them MUST be present.</p>
-
-
-
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-invalidation1">
-<p>
-The Painter, a Picasso painting, is known to have been destroyed in a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_artworks#20th_century">plane accident</a>.
-
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(ex:The-Painter)
-agent(ex:Picasso)
-wasAttributedTo(ex:The-Painter, ex:Picasso)
-activity(ex:crash)
-wasInvalidatedBy(ex:The-Painter, ex:crash, 1998-09-02, [ex:circumstances="plane accident"])
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-invalidation2">
-<p>
-The BBC news home page on 2012-04-03 <span class="name">ex:bbcNews2012-04-03</span>
-contained a reference to a given news item
- <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-17595024">bbc:news/uk-17595024</a>,
-but the BBC news home page on the next day did not.
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(ex:bbcNews2012-04-03)
-memberOf(ex:bbcNews2012-04-03,{("item1", bbc:news/uk-17595024)})
-wasGeneratedBy (ex:bbcNews2012-04-03,-,2012-04-03T00:00:01)
-wasInvalidatedBy(ex:bbcNews2012-04-03,-,2012-04-03T23:59:59)
-</pre>
-We refer to example <a href="#anexample-specialization">anexample-specialization</a> for further descriptions of the BBC Web site, and to Section <a>Membership</a> for a description of the relation <a>memberOf</a>.
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-invalidation3">
-<p>
-In this example, the "buy one beer, get one free" offer expired at the end of the happy hour.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour)
-wasAttributedTo(proprietor)
-wasInvalidatedBy(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour,
- -,2012-03-10T18:00:00)
-</pre>
-<p>In contrast, in the following descriptions, Bob redeemed the offer 45 minutes before it expired, and got two beers.
-</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour)
-wasAttributedTo(proprietor)
-activity(redeemOffer)
-entity(twoBeers)
-
-wasAssociatedWith(redeemOffer,bob)
-used(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour,
- redeemOffer, 2012-03-10T17:15:00)
-wasInvalidatedBy(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour,
- redeemOffer, 2012-03-10T17:15:00)
-wasGeneratedBy(twoBeers,redeemOffer)
-</pre>
-<p>We see that the offer was both used to be converted into <span class="name">twoBeers</span> and invalidated by the <span class="name">redeemOffer</span> activity: in other words, the combined usage and invalidation indicate consumption of the offer.</p>
-</div>
-
-<!--
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-In the following example, invalidation is caused by a new version of an entity being made available. Let us consider the resource <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">tr:prov-dm</a> when it was the first working draft (attribute <span class="name">ex:version=1</span>).
-This resource was no longer the first working draft, as soon as the second working draft was published.
-Hence, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">tr:prov-dm</a> was invalidated by <span class="name">ex:act2</span>,
-when it published <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(tr:prov-dm,[prov:type="working draft", ex:version="1"])
-wasInvalidatedBy(tr:prov-dm,ex:act2,2011-12-15T16:00:00)
-activity(ex:act2,,,[prov:type="publish"])
-wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:act2,2011-12-15T16:00:00)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-In the following example, invalidation is caused by the disappearance of an entity. Let us consider the proceedings of the 2002 Chicago provenance workshop. They used to be hosted at <span class="name">http://people.cs.uchicago.edu/~yongzh/position_papers.html</span>, and were lost as a researcher left the hosting institution. The proceedings were restored at <a href="http://www.ipaw.info/chicago02/position_papers.html"><span class="name">ipaw:2002</span></a>.
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(chicago:wkshp2002,[prov:type="workshop talks"])
-wasInvalidatedBy(chicago:wkshp2002,2010-08-21T00:00:00)
-
-entity(ipaw:wkshp2002,[prov:type="workshop talks"])
-activity(ex:restore,[prov:type="Restore"])
-wasGeneratedBy(ipaw:wkshp2002,ex:restore,2012-03-09T0:00:00)
-wasDerivedFrom(ipaw:wkshp2002,chicago:wkshp2002)
-</pre>
-</div>
--->
-
-</section>
-
-<!--
-<section id="Proposal 2: On Entity Time">
-<h4>Proposal 2: On Entity Time</h4>
-
-<p>
-<b>Context:</b>
-Activities have convenient time information, with startTime and endTime attributes. This is convenience notation that avoids having to declare start/end event, and associated time. No such convenience notation exisst for entities.
-</p>
-
-<p id="proposal2"><b>PROPOSED</b>: to introduce convenience time attribute to entities (similarly to activities).</p>
-
-
-
-<p><em>The text would include the following.</em></p>
-
-<p>Revised definition of entity, with optional time information. Name 'invalidation' (TBC).</p>
-
-
-
-<div class="attributes" id="attributes-entity">An entity<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-entity">entity(id, gt, dt, [ attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-ASN, </span> contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an identifier for an entity; </li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>generationTime</span>: an OPTIONAL time for the generation time of the entity;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute'>invalidationTime</span>: an OPTIONAL time for the invalidation time of the entity;</li>
-
-<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs representing this entity's situation in the world.</li>
-</ul></div>
-
-</section>
-
-<hr>
-
-
-
--->
-
-<!--
-<p id="proposal1"><b>PROPOSED</b>: to introduce a prov-dm concept that marks the end of an entity lifetime. Its name remains to be determined. </p>
-
-<p><em>Suggested names:</em>
-<ul>
-<li> invalidation, <li>expiration, <li>final usage, <li>destruction
-<li> lostFormBy
-</ul>
-
-<p>For now, INVALIDATION is used as <em>placeholder name</em></p>
--->
-
-<div id="glossary_div" class="remove">
-<!-- glossary loaded from glossary.js will be hooked up here,
- class remove, will remove this element from the final output.
--->
-</div>
-
-
-
- </body>
-</html>
--- a/model/working-copy/wd5-prov-n.html Mon Apr 30 14:34:45 2012 -0400
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,1724 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-
-<html><head>
- <title>WD5 Working Copy of: PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</title>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
- <!--
- === NOTA BENE ===
- For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
- out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
- -->
-<!-- PM -->
- <style type="text/css">
- .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
- </style>
-
- <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
- <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
- <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" class="remove"></script>
-
- <script class="remove">
- function updateGlossaryRefs() {
- $('.glossary-ref').each(function(index) {
- var ref=$(this).attr('ref');
- $('#'+ref+'.glossary').contents().clone().appendTo($(this));
- $(this).children('dfn').replaceWith(function(){return $('<span>').addClass('dfn').append($(this).contents())});
- });
- }
- $(document).ready(updateGlossaryRefs);
- function glossary_include(doc, content) {
- window.setTimeout(updateGlossaryRefs, 1000);
- return content;
- }
- </script>
-
- <script class="remove">
- var addExtraReferences = function() {
- for (var k in extraReferences)
- berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
- };
- var extraReferences = {
- "CLOCK":
- "Lamport, L. "+
- "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
- "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
- "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
- "CSP":
- "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
- "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
- "Logic":
- "W. E. Johnson"+
- "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
- "1924. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
-
-
-
- "PROV-RDF":
- "James Cheney"+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF\"><cite>PROV-RDF Mapping </cite></a>"+
- "2012, Working in Progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF</a>",
-
- "PROV-XML":
- "James Cheney"+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvXML\"><cite>PROV-XML Mapping </cite></a>"+
- "2012, Working in Progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvXML\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvXML</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-DM":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
-
- "PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\"><cite>PROV-DM Constraints</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-SEM":
- "James Cheney "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Work in progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
-
- "PROV-PRIMER":
- "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
-
- "PROV-O":
- "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
-
- "PROV-AQ":
- "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
- };
- var respecConfig = {
- // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
- specStatus: "ED",
-
- // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
- shortName: "prov-n",
-
- // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
- // formal title, define it here
- // subtitle : "About-to-be-frozen WD4 (for internal release)",
- subtitle : "Initial document for discussion, WD5",
-
- // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
- // publishDate: "2011-10-18",
-
- // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
- // the start date here:
- copyrightStart: "2011",
-
- // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
- // and its maturity status
- //previousPublishDate: "2011-12-15",
- //previousMaturity: "WD",
-
- // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
- edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/working-copy/wd5-prov-n.html",
-
- // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
- // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
-
- // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
- // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
- extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "./extra.css"],
-
- // editors, add as many as you like
- // only "name" is required
- editors: [
- { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
- company: "University of Southampton" },
- { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
- company: "Newcastle University" },
- ],
-
- // authors, add as many as you like.
- // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
- // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
-
- authors: [
- { name: "TBD" },
- ],
-
-
- // name of the WG
- wg: "Provenance Working Group",
-
- // URI of the public WG page
- wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
-
- // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
- wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
-
- // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
- // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
- // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
- // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
- // Team Contact.
- wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
-
- // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
- preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
- };
- </script>
- </head>
- <body>
-
- <section id="abstract">
-<p>
-PROV-DM is a data model for provenance that describes
-the entities, people and activities involved in
-producing a piece of data or thing in the world. PROV-DM is
-domain-agnostic, but is equipped with extensibility points allowing
-further domain-specific and application-specific extensions to be
-defined. PROV-DM is accompanied by PROV-N, a technology-independent
-notation, which allows serializations of PROV-DM
-instances to be created for human consumption, which facilitates the
-mapping of PROV-DM to concrete syntax, and which is used as the basis for a
-formal semantics of PROV-DM. The purpose of this document is to define the PROV-N notation.
-</p>
- </section>
-
-<section id="sotd">
-<b>This document is released internally by the Provenance Working Group.</b>
-<section id="prov-family">
-<!-- <h3>Prov Family of Specifications</h3>-->
-This document is part of the PROV family of specifications, a set of specifications aiming to define the various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
-interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. This document defines the PROV-DM data model for provenance, accompanied with a notation to express
-instances of that data model for human consumption. Other documents are:
-<ul>
-<li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS, a set of constraints applying to the PROV-DM data model,</li>
-<li> PROV-N, a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption,</li>
-<li> PROV-O, the provenance ontology: by means of a mapping of PROV-DM to the OWL2 Web Ontology Language, this specification provides a normative serialization of PROV-DM in RDF</li>
-<li> PROV-AQ, provenance access and query: the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance; </li>
-<li> PROV-PRIMER: a primer for the PROV-DM provenance data model,</li>
-<li> PROV-SEM: a formal semantics for the PROV-DM provenance data model.</li>
-</ul>
-</section>
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<section id="introduction">
-<h2>Introduction</h2>
-
-<p> Provenance is defined as a record that describes the people,
-institutions, entities, and activities, involved in producing,
-influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a thing in the world. Two
-companion specifications respectively define PROV-DM, a data model for
-provenance, allowing such descriptions to be expressed [[PROV-DM]] and a set of constraints that provenance descriptions are expectively to satisfy [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]].
-</p>
-
-
-<p>In this context, PROV-N was introduced as a notation to write instances of the data model, as close to its abstract syntax as possible. PROV-N is primarily aimed at human consumption. PROV-N allows
-serializations of PROV-DM instances to be written in a technology independent manner.
-So far, PROV-N has been used in the following ways:</p>
-<ul>
-<li> PROV-N is used to provide technology independent illustrations in [[PROV-DM]] and in the definition of PROV-DM constraints [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]];</li>
-<li> PROV-N is instrumental in defining the mapping mapping of PROV-DM to concrete syntaxes. Mappings translate each PROV-N expression to RDF [[PROV-RDF]] and to XML [[PROV-XML]];</li>
-<li> PROV-N is the basis for a
-formal semantics, in which each PROV-N expression is provided with an interpretation [[PROV-SEM]].
-</ul>
-
-<p>PROV-N was designed to be as close as possible to PROV-DM without the syntactic bias and modelling constraints that concrete technologies bring with them, e.g., XML's choice between attribute and element, RDF's reliance on triples, or JSON's usage of dictionaries. </p>
-
-<p>The purpose of this document is solely to define the syntax of PROV-N.
-For each construct of PROV-DM, a corresponding PROV-N expression is introduced, by way of a production in the PROV-N grammar presented in this document. </p>
-
-
-<p>This specification is one of several specifications, referred to as the PROV family of specifications, defining the various aspects
-that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable exchange of provenance:</p>
-<ul>
-<li>A data model for provenance, which is presented in three documents:
-<ul>
-<li> PROV-DM (part I): the provenance data model itself, expressed in natural language [[PROV-DM]];
-<li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS (part II): constraints underpinning the data model [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]];
-<li> PROV-N (part III): a notation to express instances of that data model for human consumption (this document);
-</ul>
-</li>
-
-<li>PROV-O: a normative serialization of PROV-DM in RDF [[!PROV-O]], specified by means of a mapping to the OWL2 Web Ontology Language [[!OWL2-SYNTAX]];</li>
-<li>PROV-AQ: the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [[PROV-AQ]];</li>
-<li>PROV-PRIMER: a primer for the PROV approach [[PROV-PRIMER]];</li>
-<li>PROV-SEM: semantics of the PROV-DM data model [[PROV-SEM]];</li>
-</ul>
-
- <section id="structure-of-this-document">
-<h3>Structure of this Document</h3>
-
-<div class='note'>TODO</div>
-
-
- </section>
-
-
-<section id="prov-dm-namespace">
- <h3>PROV-DM Namespace</h3>
-
-
-<p>The PROV-DM namespace is <span class="name">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov/</span>.</p>
-
-<p> All the elements, relations, reserved names and attributes introduced in this specification belong to the PROV-DM namespace.</p>
-
-<div class="issue">
-There is a desire to use a single namespace that all specifications of the PROV family can share to refer to common provenance terms. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/224">ISSUE-224</a>.
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
- <section id="conventions">
-<h3>Conventions</h3>
-
-
-
-<p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
- NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
- "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
- [[!RFC2119]].</p>
- </section>
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="grammar-notation">
-<h3>Design Rationale for PROV-N</h3>
-
-<p>A key goal of PROV-DM is the specification of a machine-processable data model for provenance so that application having obtained the provenance of the resource they manipulate can reason about such provenance. As such, representations of PROV-DM are available in RDF and XML.
-</p>
-
-<p>However, communicating provenance between humans is also important when teaching, illustrating, formalizing, and discussing provenance-related issues. To this end, PROV-N is a notation that is designed to write instances of the PROV-DM data model in a compact textual form, without the syntactic bagage and constraints coming with a markup language such as XML or a description framework such as RDF. </p>
-
-<ul>
-<li>PROV-N adopts a <em>functional notation</em> consisting a name and a series of arguments in bracket.</li>
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample" >
-wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-<li>The interpretation of PROV-N arguments is defined according to their <em>position</em> in the list of arguments. This convention allows for a compact notation. </li>
-
-<li><p>
-PROV-N <em>optional arguments</em> need not be specified (when this does not lead to ambiguity).</p>
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>The activity, generation, and usage are specified in the first derivation, whereas they are not in the second.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample" >
-wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
-wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>Activity <span class="name">a1</span> does not have start and end times specified, whereas <span class="name">a2</span> does</p>
-<pre class="codeexample" >
-activity(a1)
-activity(a2, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, 2011-11-16T16:00:01)
-</pre>
-</div>
-</li>
-
-<li><p>For cases where it is desirable to indicate which arguments have not been specified, PROV-N uses the <em>syntactic marker</em> <span class="name">-</span> for unspecified arguments.</p>
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>The activity, generation, and usage are specified in the first derivation, whereas they are not in the second, but have been explicitly marked as such.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample" >
-wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
-wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, -, -)
-wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, -, -, -)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-<p>Activity <span class="name">a1</span> does not have start and end times specified, but they are been marked syntactically.</p>
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample" >
-activity(a1, -, -)
-activity(a2, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, 2011-11-16T16:00:01)
-</pre>
-</div>
-</li>
-
-<li><p>The identifier always occur in <em>first position</em>. For expressions with optional identifier, it may be expressed by the syntactic marker <span class="name">-</span>.</p>
-
-<p>Derivation has an optional identifier. In the first derivation, the identifier is not expressed. It is explicit in the second, and marked by a <span class="name">-</span> in the third.</p>
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample" >
-wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1)
-wasDerivedFrom(d, e2, e1)
-wasDerivedFrom(-, e2, e1)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-<li><p>Most expressions have an optional set of attribute-value pairs, which occur in <em>last position</em>, and delimited by square brackets. </p>
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample" >
-activity(ex:a10)
-activity(ex:a10, [])
-activity(ex:a10, [prov:type="createFile"])
-activity(ex:a10, [ex:param="a", ex:param="b"])
-</pre>
-</div>
-<li> PROV-N exposes attributes that PROV-DM provides an interpretation for [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]] directly as positional arguments of expressions, whereas those for which PROV-DM provides no interpretation need to be expressed among the optional attribute-value pairs.
-</li>
-
-</ul>
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="grammar-notation">
-<h3>Grammar Notation</h3>
-
-<p>This specification includes a grammar for PROV-N expressed using the Extended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF) notation.</p>
-
-<div class="grammar">
-<p> Each production rule (or <dfn>production</dfn>, for short) in the grammar defines one non-terminal symbol, in the form:</p>
-<p>
-<span class="nonterminal">E</span> ::= <em>expression</em>
-</p>
-
-
-Within the expression on the right-hand side of a rule, the following expressions are used to match strings of one or more characters:
-<ul>
-<li>
-<span class="nonterminal">E</span>: matches term satisfying rule for symbol E.
-</li>
-
-<li>
-<span class="name">abc</span>: matches the literal string inside the single quotes.
-</li>
-
-
-<li>
-<span class="optional"><em>expression</em></span>: matches <em>expression</em> or nothing; optional <em>expression</em>.
-</li>
-
-<li>
-<span class="plus"><em>expression</em></span>: matches one or more occurrences of <em>expression</em>.
-</li>
-
-<li>
-<span class="star"><em>expression</em></span>: matches zero or more occurrences of <em>expression</em>.
-</li>
-
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="components">
-<h2>PROV-N Productions per Component</h2>
-
-<p>A PROV-N document allows writing down instances of the PROV-DM data model in a compact textual form. It consists of a sequence of expressions.</p>
-
-
-<p>Instances of the PROV-DM data model are expressed in PROV-N by a text conformant with the toplevel <a>production</a> <span class="nonterminal">expression</span> of the grammar. </p>
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<table border="0" style="background: white;">
-<tr><td><span class="nonterminal">expression</span>
- ::=<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/></td><td>
-<!-- Component 1-->
- <span class="nonterminal">entityExpression</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">activityExpression</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">generationExpression</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">usageExpression</span>
-<br/>
-| <span class="nonterminal">startExpression</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">endExpression</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">communicationExpression</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">startByActivityExpression</span>
-<br/>
-<!-- Component 2-->
-| <span class="nonterminal">agentExpression</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">attributionExpression</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">associationExpression</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">responsibilityExpression</span>
-<br/>
-<!-- Component 3-->
-| <span class="nonterminal">derivationExpression</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">revisionExpression</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">quotationExpression</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">hadOriginalSourceExpression</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">traceabilityExpression</span>
-<br/>
-<!-- Component 4-->
-| <span class="nonterminal">alternateExpression</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">specializationExpression</span>
-<br/>
-<!-- Component 5-->
-<!-- Component 6-->
-
-| <span class="nonterminal">noteExpression</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">annotationExpression</span>
-<br/>
-</td></tr>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-<section id="component1">
-<h3>Component 1: Entities and Activities</h3>
-
-<section id="expression-Entity">
-<h4>Entity</h4>
-
-<div class="withPn">
-<p>
-An entity's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">entityExpression</span> production.
-</p>
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">entityExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">entity</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span><br/><br/>
-<!-- -->
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span> ::=
-<span class="optional"><span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="name">[</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">]</span>
-</span><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">attribute-values</span> ::=
-<span class="nonterminal">attribute-value</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">attribute-value</span> <span class="name">,</span> <span class="nonterminal">attribute-values</span>
-<br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">attribute-value</span> ::=
-<span class="nonterminal">attribute</span>
-<span class="name">=</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">Literal</span>
-<br/>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215)
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document" ])
-entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version=2 ])
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-
-</section>
-<section id="expression-Activity">
-<h4>Activity</h4>
-
-
-<div class="withPn">
-<p>An activity's text matches the <span class='nonterminal'>activityExpression</span> production.</p>
-
-
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">activityExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">activity</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
-<span class="optional"><span class="name">,</span>
-(<span class="nonterminal">time</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
-<span class="name">,</span>
-(<span class="nonterminal">time</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-activity(ex:a10)
-activity(ex:a10, -, -)
-activity(ex:a10, -, -, [prov:type="edit"])
-activity(ex:a10, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
-activity(ex:a10, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, -)
-activity(ex:a10, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, -, [prov:type="createFile"])
-activity(ex:a10, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, 2011-11-16T16:00:01, [prov:type="createFile"])
-activity(ex:a10, [prov:type="edit"])
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-<section id="expression-Generation">
-<h4>Generation</h4>
-
-
-<div class="withPn">
-<p>A generation's text matches the <span class='nonterminal'>generationExpression</span> production.</p>
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">generationExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
-<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-( <span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
-<span class="name">,</span> ( <span class="nonterminal">time</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span><br/>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
-wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
-wasGeneratedBy(e2, a1, -, [ex:fct="save"])
-wasGeneratedBy(e2, -, -, [ex:fct="save"])
-wasGeneratedBy(ex:g1, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
-wasGeneratedBy(ex:g1, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
-wasGeneratedBy(-, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-<p>Even though the production <span class="nonterminal">generationExpression</span> allows for expressions <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2, -, -)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(-, e2, -, -)</span>, these expressions are not valid in PROV-N.</p>
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="expression-Usage">
-<h4>Usage</h4>
-
-
-<p>A usage's text matches the <span class='nonterminal'>usageExpression</span> production.</p>
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">usageExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">used</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
-<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span> ( <span class="nonterminal">time</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span><br/>
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-used(ex:act2, ar3:0111, -)
-used(ex:act2, ar3:0111, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
-used(a1,e1, -, [ex:fct="load"])
-used(ex:u1, ex:act2, ar3:0111, -)
-used(-, ex:act2, ar3:0111, -)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-<p>Even though the production <span class="nonterminal">usageExpression</span> allows for expressions <span class="name">used(e2, -, -)</span> and <span class="name">used(-, e2, -, -)</span>, these expressions are not valid in PROV-N.</p>
-
-</section>
-<section id="expression-Start">
-<h4>Start</h4>
-
-<p>An activity start's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">startExpression</span> production of the grammar
-</p>
-
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">startExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">wasStartedBy</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
-<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-( <span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
-<span class="name">,</span> ( <span class="nonterminal">time</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-wasStartedBy(ex:act2, ar3:0111, -)
-wasStartedBy(ex:act2, ar3:0111, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
-wasStartedBy(ex:act2, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
-wasStartedBy(ex:act2, -, -)
-wasStartedBy(ex:act2, -, -, [ex:param="a"])
-wasStartedBy(s, ex:act2, ar3:0111, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
-wasStartedBy(-, ex:act2, ar3:0111, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-<p>Even though the production <span class="nonterminal">startExpression</span> allows for expressions <span class="name">wasStartedBy(e2, -, -)</span> and <span class="name">wasStartedBy(-, e2, -, -)</span>, these expressions are not valid in PROV-N.</p>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="expression-End">
-<h4>End</h4>
-
-<p>An activity end's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">endExpression</span> production of the grammar.
-</p>
-
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">endExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">wasEndedBy</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
-<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-( <span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
-<span class="name">,</span> ( <span class="nonterminal">time</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-wasEndedBy(ex:act2, ex:trigger, -)
-wasEndedBy(ex:act2, ex:trigger, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
-wasEndedBy(ex:act2, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
-wasEndedBy(ex:act2, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:param="a"])
-wasEndedBy(e,ex:act2, -, -)
-wasEndedBy(e, ex:act2, ex:trigger, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
-wasEndedBy(-, ex:act2, ex:trigger, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-<p>Even though the production <span class="nonterminal">endExpression</span> allows for expressions <span class="name">wasEndedBy(e2, -, -)</span> and <span class="name">wasEndedBy(-, e2, -, -)</span>, these expressions are not valid in PROV-N.</p>
-</section>
-
-<section id="expression-wasInformedBy">
-<h4>Communication</h4>
-
-
-<div class="grammar">
-<span class="nonterminal">communicationExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">wasInformedBy</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
-<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-wasInformedBy(ex:a1, ex:a2)
-wasInformedBy(ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
-wasInformedBy(i, ex:a1, ex:a2)
-wasInformedBy(i, ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
-wasInformedBy(-, ex:a1, ex:a2)
-wasInformedBy(-, ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
-</pre>
-</div>
-</section>
-
-<section id="expression-startByActivity">
-<h4>Start by Activity</h4>
-
-<div class="grammar">
-<span class="nonterminal">startByActivityExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">wasStartedByActivity</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
-<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
-<br>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-wasStartedByActivity(ex:a1, ex:a2)
-wasStartedByActivity(ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
-wasStartedByActivity(s,ex:a1, ex:a2)
-wasStartedByActivity(s,ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
-wasStartedByActivity(-,ex:a1, ex:a2)
-wasStartedByActivity(-,ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
-</pre>
-</div>
-</section>
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="component2">
-<h3>Component 2: Agents and Responsibility</h3>
-<section id="expression-Agent">
-<h4>Agent</h4>
-
-
-<div class="withPn">
-<p>An agent's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">agentExpression</span> production.
-</p>
-
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">agentExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">agent</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-agent(ag4)
-agent(ag4, [ prov:type="prov:Person" %% xsd:QName, ex:name="David" ])
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-<section id="expression-attribution">
-<h4>Attribution</h4>
-
-<div class="grammar">
-<span class="nonterminal">attributionExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">wasAttributedTo</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
-<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-wasAttributedTo(e,ag)
-wasAttributedTo(e,ag,[ex:license="cc:attributionURL" %% "xsd:QName"])
-wasAttributedTo(id,e,ag,[ex:license="cc:attributionURL" %% "xsd:QName"])
-wasAttributedTo(-,e,ag,[ex:license="cc:attributionURL" %% "xsd:QName"])
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-</section> <!-- end attribution -->
-
-
-<section id="expression-Association">
-<h4>Association</h4>
-
-<p>An association's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">activityAssociationExpression</span> productions of the grammar defined in this specification
-document.</p>
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">associationExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">wasAssociatedWith</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
-<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-( <span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
-<span class="name">,</span>
-( <span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:a1, -, ex:e1)
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:a1, ex:ag1, -)
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:a1, ex:ag1, ex:e1)
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:a1, ex:ag1, ex:e1, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
-wasAssociatedWith(a, ex:a1, -, ex:e1)
-wasAssociatedWith(-, ex:a1, -, ex:e1)
-wasAssociatedWith(-, ex:a1, ex:ag1, -)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-<p>Even though the production <span class="nonterminal">associationExpression</span> allows for expressions <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a, -, -)</span> and <span class="name">wasAssociatiedWith(-, a, -, -)</span>, these expressions are not valid in PROV-N.</p>
-</section>
-<section id="expression-responsibility">
-<h4>Responsibility</h4>
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">responsibilityExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
-<span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-( <span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-actedOnBehalfOf(ag1, ag2, -)
-actedOnBehalfOf(ag1, ag2, a)
-actedOnBehalfOf(ag1, ag2, -, [prov:type="delegation"])
-actedOnBehalfOf(ag2, ag3, a, [prov:type="contract"])
-actedOnBehalfOf(r, ag2, ag3, a, [prov:type="contract"])
-actedOnBehalfOf(-, ag1, ag2, -)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-</section>
-<section id="component3">
-<h3>Component 3: Derivations</h3>
-<section id="Derivation-Relation">
-<h4>Derivation</h4>
-
-<p>A derivation expression's text matches the <span class='nonterminal'>derivationExpression</span> production.</p>
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">derivationExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">wasDerivedFrom</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
-<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
-<span class="optional">
-<span class="name">,</span>
-( <span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
-<span class="name">,</span>
-( <span class="nonterminal">gIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
-<span class="name">,</span>
-( <span class="nonterminal">uIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
-</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1)
-wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
-wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, -, g2, u1)
-wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, -, u1)
-wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, -)
-wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, -, -)
-wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, -, -, u1)
-wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, -, -, -)
-wasDerivedFrom(d, e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
-wasDerivedFrom(-, e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-</section>
-<section id="expression-Revision">
-<h4>Revision</h4>
-
-<div class="grammar">
-<span class="nonterminal">revisionExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">wasRevisionOf</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
-<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-( <span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-wasRevisionOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, -)
-wasRevisionOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, w3:Consortium)
-wasRevisionOf(id,tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, w3:Consortium)
-wasRevisionOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, -)
-wasRevisionOf(id,tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, -)
-wasRevisionOf(-,tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, -)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-</section> <!-- end revision -->
-<section id="expression-quotation">
-<h4>Quotation</h4>
-
-<p>A quotation expression's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">quotationExpression</span> production of the grammar.</p>
-
-<div class="grammar">
-<span class="nonterminal">quotationExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">wasQuotedFrom</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
-<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
-<span class="optional">
-<span class="name">,</span>
-( <span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
-<span class="name">,</span>
-( <span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
-</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-wasQuotedFrom(ex:blockQuote,ex:blog)
-wasQuotedFrom(ex:blockQuote,ex:blog,ex:Luc,ex:Paul)
-wasQuotedFrom(ex:blockQuote,ex:blog,-,ex:Paul)
-wasQuotedFrom(ex:blockQuote,ex:blog,ex:Luc,ex:Paul,[])
-wasQuotedFrom(ex:blockQuote,ex:blog, -, -)
-wasQuotedFrom(id,ex:blockQuote,ex:blog,ex:Luc,ex:Paul)
-wasQuotedFrom(-,ex:blockQuote,ex:blog,ex:Luc,-)
-
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-</section> <!-- end quotation -->
-
-
-<section id="expression-original-source">
-<h4>Original Source</h4>
-
-<p>An original source record's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">originalSourceExpression</span> production of the grammar.</p>
-
-<div class="grammar">
-<span class="nonterminal">originalSourceExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">hadOriginalSource</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
-<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-hadOriginalSource(ex:e1, ex:e2)
-hadOriginalSource(ex:e1, ex:e2,[ex:param="a"])
-hadOriginalSource(-,ex:e1, ex:e2,[ex:param="a"])
-hadOriginalSource(-,ex:e1, ex:e2)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-</section> <!-- end original source -->
-<section id="expression-traceability">
-<h4>Traceability</h4>
-
-<p>A traceability expression's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">traceabilityExpression</span> production of the grammar.</p>
-
-
-<div class="grammar">
-<span class="nonterminal">traceabilityExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">tracedTo</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
-<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-tracedTo(e2,e1)
-tracedTo(e2,e1,[ex:param="a"])
-tracedTo(id,e2,e1,[ex:param="a"])
-tracedTo(-,e2,e1)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-</section>
-</section>
-<section id="component4">
-<h3>Component 4: Alternate Entities</h3>
-<section id="expression-alternate">
-<h4>Alternate</h4>
-
-<p>An alternate relation's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">alternateExpression</span> production.</p>
-
-<div class='grammar'>
- <span class="nonterminal">alternateExpression</span> ::=
- <span class="name">alternateOf</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-alternateOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex:alternate-20111215)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-<section id="expression-specialization">
-<h4>Specialization</h4>
-
-<p>A specialization relation's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">specializationExpression</span> production.</p>
-
-<div class='grammar'>
- <span class="nonterminal">specializationExpression</span> ::=
- <span class="name">specializationOf</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-specializationOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,tr:prov-dm)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-</section>
-</section>
-
-<section id="component5">
-<h3>Component 5: Collections</h3>
-
-<div class="note">To be checked: Grammar has not been implemented yet.</div>
-
-<section id="expression-collection-insertion">
-<h3>Insertion</h3>
-
-A Derivation-by-Insertion relation's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">derivationByInsertionFromExpression</span> production.</p>
-
-<div class="grammar">
- <span class="nonterminal">derivationByInsertionFromExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">derivedByInsertionFrom</span>
- <span class="name">(</span>
- <span class="optional"><span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
- <span class="name">,</span></span>
-<span class="nonterminal">afterIdentifier</span>
- <span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">beforeIdentifier</span>
- <span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">keyidentifier</span>
- <span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">validentifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
- <span class="name">)</span>
- <br>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-derivedByInsertionFrom(id, c1, c, "k1", v1)
-derivedByInsertionFrom(id, c1, c, "k1", v1, [])
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="expression-collection-removal">
-<h3>Removal</h3>
-
-A Derivation-by-Removal relation's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">derivationByRemovalFromExpression</span> production.</p>
-
-<div class="grammar">
- <span class="nonterminal">derivationByRemovalFromExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">derivedByRemovalFrom</span>
- <span class="name">(</span>
- <span class="optional"><span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
- <span class="name">,</span></span>
-<span class="nonterminal">afterIdentifier</span>
- <span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">beforeIdentifier</span>
- <span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">keyidentifier</span>
- <span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
- <span class="name">)</span>
- <br>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-derivedByRemovalFrom(id, c1, c, "k1")
-derivedByRemovalFrom(id, c1, c, "k1", [])
- </pre>
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="expression-collection-containment">
-<h3>Containment</h3>
-
-A Containment relation's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">containedExpression</span> production.</p>
-
-<div class="grammar">
- <span class="nonterminal">containedExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">contained</span>
- <span class="name">(</span>
- <span class="optional"><span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
- <span class="name">,</span></span>
-<span class="nonterminal">afterIdentifier</span>
- <span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">keyidentifier</span>
- <span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">validentifier</span>
- <span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
- <span class="name">)</span>
- <br>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-contained(id, c, "k", v)
-contained(id, c, "k", v,[])
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="collection-convenience-relations">
-<h3>Convenience relations</h3>
-
-A Derivation-by-Bulk-Insertion relation's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">derivationByBulkInsertionFromExpression</span> production.</p>
-
-<div class="grammar">
- <span class="nonterminal">derivationByBulkInsertionFromExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">derivedByBulkInsertionFrom</span>
- <span class="name">(</span>
- <span class="optional"><span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
- <span class="name">,</span></span>
-<span class="nonterminal">afterIdentifier</span>
- <span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">beforeIdentifier</span>
- <span class="name">,</span>
- <span class="name">{</span>
- <span class="nonterminal">keyValuePairs</span>
- <span class="name">}</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
- <span class="name">)</span>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
- <pre class="codeexample">
- derivedByBulkInsertionFrom(c1, c, {("k1", v1), ("k2", v2)})
- derivedByBulkInsertionFrom(c1, c, {("k1", v1), ("k2", v2)}), []
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-<p> A Derivation-by-Bulk-Removal relation's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">derivationByBulkRemovalFromExpression</span> production.</p>
-
-
-<div class="grammar">
- <span class="nonterminal">derivationByBulkRemovalFromExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">derivedByRemovalFrom</span>
- <span class="name">(</span>
- <span class="optional"><span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
- <span class="name">,</span></span>
-<span class="nonterminal">afterIdentifier</span>
- <span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">beforeIdentifier</span>
- <span class="name">,</span>
- <span class="name">{</span>
- <span class="nonterminal">keySet</span>
- <span class="name">}</span>
- <span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
- <span class="name">)</span>
- <br>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
- derivedByBulkRemovalFrom(c3, c1, {"k1", "k3"})
- derivedByBulkRemovalFrom(c3, c1, {"k1", "k3"}, [])
-
-</pre>
- </div>
-
-
-<p> A Bulk-Containment relation's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">containedBulkExpression</span> production.</p>
-
-<div class="grammar">
- <span class="nonterminal">containedBulkExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">contained</span>
- <span class="name">(</span>
- <span class="optional"><span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
- <span class="name">,</span></span>
-<span class="nonterminal">afterIdentifier</span>
- <span class="name">,</span>
- <span class="name">{</span>
- <span class="nonterminal">keyValuePairs</span>
- <span class="name">}</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">validentifier</span>
- <span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
- <span class="name">)</span>
- <br>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
- <pre class="codeexample">
- containedBulk(c3, {("k4", v4), ("k5", v5)})
- containedBulk(c3, {("k4", v4), ("k5", v5)},[])
-</pre>
-</div>
-
- In the productions above, nonterminals <span class="nonterminal">keyValuePairs</span> and <span class="nonterminal">keySet</span> are defined as follows.
-
-
- <div class="grammar">
-<span class="nonterminal">keyValuePairs</span> ::=
-<span class="name">(</span>
- <span class="nonterminal">keyidentifier</span>
- <span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">validentifier</span>
- <span class="name">)</span>
-|
-<span class="name">(</span>
- <span class="nonterminal">keyidentifier</span>
- <span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">validentifier</span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
- <span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">keyValuePairs</span>
-</div>
-
- <div class="grammar">
-<span class="nonterminal">keySet</span> ::=
- <span class="nonterminal">keyidentifier</span>
-|
- <span class="nonterminal">keyidentifier</span>
- <span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">keySet</span>
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-</section> <!-- end collections-->
-<section id="component6">
-<h3>Component 6: Annotations</h3>
- <section id="expression-note">
-<h4>Note</h4>
-
-<div class="withPn">
-<p>A note's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">noteExpression</span> production.
-</p>
-
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">noteExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">note</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-note(ann1,[ex:color="blue", ex:screenX=20, ex:screenY=30])
-</pre>
-</div>
-
- </section>
-
-<section id="expression-annotation">
-<h4>Annotation</h4>
-
-
-<p>A note's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">noteExpression</span> production.
-</p>
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">annotationExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">hasAnnotation</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">nIdentifier</span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
-hasAnnotation(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex2:n1)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-<section id="second-class-elements">
-<section id="expression-NamespaceDeclaration">
-</section>
-<section id="expression-identifier">
-</section>
-<section id="expression-attribute">
-<section id="expression-attribute-role">
-</section>
-<section id="expression-attribute-type">
-</section>
-<section id="expression-attribute-label">
-</section>
-<section id="expression-attribute-location">
-</section>
-</section>
-<section id="expression-value">
-</section>
-</section>
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<section id="subexpressions">
-<h3>Further Expressions</h3>
-
-This section defines further expressions of PROV-N.
-
-
-<section id="expression-NamespaceDeclaration">
-<h3>Namespace Declaration</h3>
-
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclarations</span> ::=
- | <span class="group"><span class="nonterminal">defaultNamespaceDeclaration</span> | <span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclaration</span></span> <span class="star"> <span
-class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclaration</span></span><br>
-<span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclaration</span> ::=
-<span class="name">prefix</span> <span class="nonterminal">prefix</span> <span class="nonterminal">IRI</span><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">defaultNamespaceDeclaration</span> ::=
- <span class="name">default</span> <span class="nonterminal">IRI</span> <br/>
-</div>
-
-<p>In PROV-N, the prefix <span class="name">prov</span> is reserved and denotes the PROV namespace.</p>
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="expression-identifier">
-<h4>Identifier</h4>
-
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">qualifiedName</span><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote an entity)</em><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote an activity)</em><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote an agent)</em><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">gIdentifier</span>::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote a generation)</em><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">uIdentifier</span>::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote a usage)</em><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">nIdentifier</span>::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote a note)</em><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">accIdentifier</span>::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote an account)</em>
-<br/>
-<br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">qualifiedName</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">prefixedName</span> | <span class="nonterminal">unprefixedName</span><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">prefixedName</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">prefix</span> <span class="name">:</span> <span class="nonterminal">localPart</span><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">unprefixedName</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">localPart</span><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">prefix</span> ::= <em>a name without colon compatible with the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/#NT-NCName">NC_NAME</a> production
-[[!XML-NAMES]]</em><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">localPart</span> ::= <em>a name without colon compatible with the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/#NT-NCName">NC_NAME</a> production
-[[!XML-NAMES]]</em>
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="note">Note that XML NC_NAME don't allow local identifiers to start with a number. Instead, should we use the productions used in SPARQL or TURTLE?</div>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="expression-attribute">
-<h4>Attribute</h4>
-
-
-<p>An attribute's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">attribute</span> production.</p>
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">attribute</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">qualifiedName</span><br/>
-</div>
-
-<p>The reserved attributes in the PROV namespace are the following.</p>
-
-<ol>
-<li> <span class="name">prov:label</span>
-<li> <span class="name">prov:location</span>
-<li> <span class="name">prov:role</span>
-<li> <span class="name">prov:steps</span>
-<li> <span class="name">prov:type</span>
-</ol>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-
-<section id="expression-literal">
-<h4>Literal</h4>
-
-<p>A Literal's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">Literal</span> production.</p>
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">Literal</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">typedLiteral</span> | <span class="nonterminal">convenienceNotation</span> <br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">typedLiteral</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">quotedString</span> <span class="name">%%</span> <span class="nonterminal">datatype</span><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">datatype</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">qualifiedName</span><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">convenienceNotation</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">stringLiteral</span> | <span class="nonterminal">intLiteral</span><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">stringLiteral</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">quotedString</span><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">quotedString</span> ::= <em>a finite sequence of characters in which " (U+22) and \ (U+5C) occur only in pairs of the form \" (U+5C, U+22) and \\ (U+5C,
-U+5C), enclosed in a pair of " (U+22) characters</em><br/>
-<span class="nonterminal">intLiteral</span> ::= <em>a finite-length sequence of decimal digits (#x30-#x39) with an optional leading negative sign (-)</em>
-</div>
-
-<p>The non terminals <span class="nonterminal">stringLiteral</span> and
-<span class="nonterminal">intLiteral</span>
-are syntactic sugar for quoted strings with datatype <span class="name">xsd:string</span> and <span class="name">xsd:int</span>, respectively.
-</p>
-
-<p> In particular, a PROV-DM Literal may be an IRI-typed string (with datatype <span class="name">xsd:anyURI</span>); such IRI has no specific interpretation in the context of PROV-DM.</p>
-
-<section id="expression-types">
-<h4>Reserved Type Values</h4>
-
-<p>The reserved type values in the PROV namespace are the following.</p>
-
-<ol>
-<li> <span class="name">prov:AccountEntity</span>
-<li> <span class="name">prov:SoftwareAgent</span>
-<li> <span class="name">prov:Person</span>
-<li> <span class="name">prov:Organization</span>
-<li> <span class="name">prov:Plan</span>
-<li> <span class="name">prov:Collection</span>
-<li> <span class="name">prov:EmptyCollection</span>
-</ol>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="expression-Time">
-<h4>Time Values</h4>
-
-<p><dfn id="dfn-time">Time instants</dfn> are defined according to xsd:dateTime [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]].</p>
-
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-</section>
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-
-<section id="ExpressionContainer">
-<h4>Expression Container</h4>
-
-<p>An <dfn id="dfn-ExpressionContainer">expression container</dfn> is a house-keeping construct of PROV-N capable of packaging up PROV-N <a title="expression">expressions</a> and namespace declarations. An expression container forms a self-contained package of provenance descriptions for the purpose of <em>exchanging</em> them. An expression container may be used
- to package up PROV-N <a title="record">expressions</a> in response to a request for the provenance of something ([[PROV-AQ]]).</p>
-
-<p> Given its status of house keeping construct for the purpose of exchanging provenance expressions, an expression container is not defined as a PROV-N expression (<a href="#data-model-concepts">production <span class="nonterminal">expression</span></a>).</p>
-
-
-<p>An expression container, written <span class="name">container decls exprs endContainer</span> in PROV-N, contains:
-<ul>
-<li><em>namespaceDeclarations</em>: a set <span class="name">decls</span> of namespace declarations, declaring namespaces and associated prefixes, which can be used in <a
-title="attribute">attributes</a> and <a title="identifier">identifiers</a> occurring inside <span class="name">exprs</span>;</li>
-<li><em>expressions</em>: a non-empty set of expressions <span class="name">exprs</span>.</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>An expression container's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">expressionContainer</span> production.</p>
-
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">expressionContainer</span> ::=
-<span class="name">container</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclarations</span>
-<span class="plus"> <span class="nonterminal">expression</span> </span>
-<span class="name">endContainer</span>
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-The following container contains expressions related to the provenance of entity
-<span class="name">e2</span>.
-</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-container
-
- prefix ex: http://example.org/,
-
- entity(e2, [ prov:type="File", ex:path="/shared/crime.txt", ex:creator="Alice",
- ex:content="There was a lot of crime in London last month."])
- activity(a1, 2011-11-16T16:05:00,,[prov:type="edit"])
- wasGeneratedBy(e2, a1, [ex:fct="save"])
- wasAssociatedWith(a1, ag2, [prov:role="author"])
- agent(ag2, [ prov:type="prov:Person" %% xsd:QName, ex:name="Bob" ])
-
-endContainer
-</pre>
-<p>This container could for instance be returned as the result of a query to a provenance store for the provenance of entity <span class="name">e2</span> [[PROV-AQ]].
-</p>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<div class='issue'>
-Clarify what records are. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/208">ISSUE-208</a>. </div>
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="account">
-<h3>Account</h3>
-
-<p>PROV-DM has introduced a notion of account by which a set of provenance descriptions can be bundled up and named. PROV-DM <em>assumes</em> the existence of mechanisms to implement accounts, but such mechanisms remain outside its scope. It is suggested that specific serializations may offer solutions to name bundles of descriptions. </p>
-
-<p>Given that the primary motivation for PROV-N is to provide a notation aimed at human consumption, it is therefore appropriate to introduce a notation for accounts, which would include an account name and a bundle of expressions.</p>
-
-
-
-<p>An account, written <span class="name">account(id, exprs)</span> in PROV-N, contains:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><em>id</em>: an identifier <span class="name">id</span> that identifies this account;</li>
-<li><em>expressions</em>: a set <span class="name">exprs</span> of expressions;</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>In PROV-N, an account's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">accountExpression</span> production of the grammar.</p>
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">accountExpression</span> ::=
-<span class="name">account</span>
-<span class="name">(</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
-<span class="name">,</span>
-<span class="plus">
-<span class="nonterminal">expression</span> </span>
-<span class="name">)</span>
-</div>
-
-<p>It is also useful to package up one or more account expressions in an expression container, for interchange purpose. Hence, <span class="nonterminal">expressionContainer</span> is revised as follows. </p>
-
-<div class='grammar'>
-<span class="nonterminal">expressionContainer</span> ::=
-<span class="name">container</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclarations</span>
-<span class="plus"> <span class="nonterminal">expression</span> </span>
-<span class="name">endContainer</span> <br/>
-| <span class="name">container</span>
-<span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclarations</span>
-<span class="plus"> <span class="nonterminal">accountExpression</span> </span>
-<span class="name">endContainer</span>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-The following container </p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-container
- prefix ex: http://example.org/,
-
- account(ex:acc1,...)
- account(ex:acc2,...)
-endContainer
-</pre>
-<p> illustrates how two accounts with identifiers <span class="name">ex:acc1</span> and <span class="name">ex:acc2</span> can be returned in a PROV-N serialization of the provenance of
-something.
-</p>
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="anexample">
-<p>
-The following container </p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-container
- prefix ex: http://example.org/,
- ...
-
- account(ex:acc1,
- entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
- entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
- ...
- wasAssociatedWith(ex:pub2, w3:Consortium @ pr:rec-advance))
-
- account(ex:acc2,
- entity(ex:acc1, [prov:type="prov:AccountEntity" %% xsd:QName ])
- wasAttributedTo(ex1:acc1,w3:Consortium))
-
-endContainer
-</pre>
-<p> illustrates a first account, with identifier <span class="name">ex:acc1</span>, containing expressions describing the provenance of the technical report <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>, and a second account <span class="name">ex:acc2</span>, describing the provenance of the first. In account <span class="name">ex:acc2</span>, <span class="name">ex:acc1</span> is the identifier of an entity of type <span class="name">prov:AccountEntity</span>.
-</p>
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-</body>
-
-</html>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/wd5/constraints-comments-PM.txt Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+General comments:
+
+much improved over the version before James' edits!
+
+1.
+
+I like the distinction:
+- constraints that define validity, and
+- inferences that express necessary conditions (if - then) and can be generative.
+- definitions,
+which is now crisp (to me): constraints do not add new provenance facts, inference rules (incl. definitions) do (please correct if my understanding is wrong).
+
+Indeed one problem we had was that the uniqueness constraint for example was stated in terms of inference, i.e.
+ wasGeneratedBy(e,a1) and wasGeneratedBy(e,a2) => a1 = a2.
+I am very pleased to see that it's gone away now.
+
+
+
+2.
+Is this an additional useful distinction?
+
+- deductive rules: no new data is created. ex.: closure over a transitive relation
+- generative rules:: new data is created. Ex.: new IDs for elements that are known to exist although they are not asserted in the provenance instance
+
+this has a bearing on implementations of rules based on a deductive model, for example, which does not generate new assertions.
+
+for instance hte attribution-implication inference would not be implemented (in general, unless you make up new information for the relations that you infer, these rules are not safe).
+
+3.
+I am blissfully ignorant of logic terminology, but is "entailment" essentially equivalent to "inference" here?
+
+---
+More specific comments:
+
+- 1.2: possibly reordering expressions -> I don't think there is an order to expressions? I always viewed it as a set (in fact, as an extensional DB)
+
+- sec 2 Def. of definition:
+
+defined_exp holds IF AND ONLY IF there exists a_1,..., a_m such that defining_exp_1 ... defining_exp_
+
+should we clarify that the consequent are a conjunction? i.e., when used as a sufficient condition to derive defined_exp, all of the defining_exp_i must hold.
+
+- 2.1: I have always been confused by the overloading of wasStartedBy, and wasStartedBy-definition reinforces that (unless this is a mistake that has alreasdy been spotted?) the different signature of wasStartedBy forces me to go and check definiitions, and then convince myself that it makes sense?
+
+- 2.2. "@@TODO: Could this be an inference? Does it imply that a1 is associated with all activities a2 is associated with?"
+
+I don't think so. Delegation should be on a per activity basis, right?
+
+
+- 2.3 "A revision needs to satisfy the following constraint"
+ should be inference? so it's not "satisfy", either.
+
+- 2.4 I think spec-transitive escapes the clean model I praise at the beginning :-)
+
+"For any entities e1, e2, IF specializationOf(e1,e2) and specializationOf(e2,e1) THEN e1 = e2."
+
+I think this can only be expressed as a constraint, because e1=e2 is undefined...
+so: specializationOf(e1,e2) and specializationOf(e2,e1) where e1 != e2 is invalid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/wd5/wd5-prov-dm-alternate.html Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+
+<html><head>
+ <title>PROV-DM Part 1: Alternate/specialization</title>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
+ <!--
+ === NOTA BENE ===
+ For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
+ out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
+ -->
+<!-- PM -->
+ <style type="text/css">
+ .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
+ </style>
+
+ <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" class="remove"></script>
+
+ <script src="../glossary.js" class="remove"></script>
+
+ <script class="remove">
+ function updateGlossaryRefs() {
+ $('.glossary-ref').each(function(index) {
+ var ref=$(this).attr('ref');
+ var span=$(this).attr('withspan')
+ $(this).removeAttr('withspan');
+ $(this).removeAttr('ref');
+
+ $('#'+ref+'.glossary').contents().clone().appendTo($(this));
+ $(this).attr("prov:hadOriginalSource",glossary_hg);
+ if (span) {
+ $(this).children('dfn').replaceWith(function(){return $('<span>').addClass('dfn').append($(this).contents())});
+ }
+ });
+ }
+ $(document).ready(function(){
+ // if glossary is in a string:
+ $('#glossary_div').html(glossary_string)
+ updateGlossaryRefs();
+ });
+
+ </script>
+
+ <script class="remove">
+ var addExtraReferences = function() {
+ for (var k in extraReferences)
+ berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
+ };
+ var extraReferences = {
+ "CLOCK":
+ "Lamport, L. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
+ "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
+ "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
+ "CSP":
+ "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
+ "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
+ "Logic":
+ "W. E. Johnson"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
+ "1924. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
+ "PROV-SEM":
+ "James Cheney "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Work in progress. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
+
+ "PROV-PRIMER":
+ "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-O":
+ "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-DM":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\"><cite>PROV-DM Constraints</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-N":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\"><cite>PROV-N ....</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-AQ":
+ "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
+ };
+ var respecConfig = {
+ // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
+ specStatus: "ED",
+
+ // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
+ shortName: "prov-dm",
+
+ // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
+ // formal title, define it here
+ subtitle : "Towards WD5",
+
+
+ // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
+ // publishDate: "2011-10-18",
+
+ // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
+ // the start date here:
+ // copyrightStart: "2005"
+
+ // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
+ // and its maturity status
+ previousPublishDate: "2012-02-02",
+ previousMaturity: "WD",
+
+ // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
+ edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html",
+
+ // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
+ // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
+
+ // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
+ // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
+ extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "./extra.css"],
+
+ // editors, add as many as you like
+ // only "name" is required
+ editors: [
+ { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
+ company: "University of Southampton" },
+ { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
+ company: "Newcastle University" },
+ ],
+
+ // authors, add as many as you like.
+ // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
+ // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
+
+ authors: [
+ { name: "Khalid Belhajjame", url: "http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Khalid_Belhajjame",
+ company: "University of Manchester" },
+ { name: "Stephen Cresswell",
+ company: "legislation.gov.uk"},
+ { name: "Yolanda Gil",
+ company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.isi.edu/~gil/"},
+ { name: "Reza B'Far",
+ company: "Oracle Corporation" },
+ { name: "Paul Groth", url: "http://www.few.vu.nl/~pgroth/",
+ company: "VU University of Amsterdam" },
+ { name: "Graham Klyne",
+ company: "University of Oxford" },
+ { name: "Jim McCusker", url: "http://tw.rpi.edu/web/person/JamesMcCusker",
+ company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute" },
+ { name: "Simon Miles",
+ company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/simonm/" },
+ { name: "James Myers", url:"http://www.rpi.edu/research/ccni/",
+ company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute"},
+ { name: "Satya Sahoo", url:"http://cci.case.edu/cci/index.php/Satya_Sahoo",
+ company: "Case Western Reserve University" },
+ ],
+
+ // name of the WG
+ wg: "Provenance Working Group",
+
+ // URI of the public WG page
+ wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
+
+ // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
+ wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
+
+ // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
+ // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
+ // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
+ // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
+ // Team Contact.
+ wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
+
+ // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
+ preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
+ };
+ </script>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+
+
+<section id="abstract">
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="sotd">
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="component4">
+<h3>Component 4: Alternate Entities</h3>
+
+
+<p>The fourth component of PROV-DM is concerned with
+relations <a>specialization</a> and <a>alternate</a> between entities.
+Figure <a href="#figure-component4">figure-component4</a> overviews
+the component.
+</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<img src="../images/Alternates.png" alt="alternates"/>
+<figcaption id="figure-component4">Alternates Component Overview</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>Wherever two people describe the provenance of a same thing,
+one cannot expect them to coordinate and agree on the identifiers to use to denote that thing.</p>
+<div class="anexample" id="entity-example">
+<p>User Alice writes an article. In its provenance, she wishes to refer to the precise version of the article with a date-specific URI, as she might edit the article later. Alternatively, user Bob refers to the article in general, indepedently of its variants over time.</p>
+</div>
+<p>
+To allow for identifiers to be chosen freely and independently by each user, the PROV data model introduces relations
+that allow entities to be linked together.
+The following two relations are introduced for expressing specialized or alternate entities. </p>
+
+
+<section id="term-specialization">
+
+<h4>Specialization</h4>
+
+
+<span class="glossary" id="glossary-specialization">
+An entity is a <dfn id="concept-alternate">specialization</dfn> of another if they both refer to some common thing
+but the former is a more constrained entity than the former. The common entity does not need to be identified.
+</span>
+Examples of constraints include a time period, an abstraction, and a context associated with the entity.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="attributes" id="attributes-specialization">A <dfn title="specializationOf">specialization</dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">specializationOf(sub, super)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has the following constituents:
+
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="specialization.specializedEntity">specializedEntity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">sub</span>) of the specialized entity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="specialization.generalEntity">generalEntity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">super</span>) of the entity that is being specialized.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-specialization">
+<p>
+The BBC news home page on 2012-03-23 <span class="name">ex:bbcNews2012-03-23</span>
+is a specialization of the BBC news page in general
+ <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/">bbc:news/</a>. This can be expressed as follows.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+specializationOf(ex:bbcNews2012-03-23, bbc:news/)
+</pre>
+Given that the BBC news does not define a URI for today's news page, we are creating a qualified name in the namespace <span class="name">ex</span>.
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<!--
+<p>To promote take up of these relations, it is not specified whether they are transitive or symmetric. We anticipate that applications will specialize these relations according to their needs. </p>
+-->
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-alternate">
+
+<h4>Alternate</h4>
+
+
+<span class="glossary" id="glossary-alternate">
+An entity is <dfn id="concept-alternate">alternate</dfn> of another if they are both a specialization of some common entity.
+The common entity does not need to be identified.
+</span>
+
+
+
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-alternate">An <dfn title="alternateOf">alternate</dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">alternateOf(e1, e2)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has the following constituents:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="alternate.alternate1">alternate1</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e1</span>) of the first of the two entities;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="alternate.alternate2">alternate2</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e2</span>) of the second of the two entities.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-alternate">
+<p>
+A given news item on the BBC News site
+ <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17526723">bbc:news/science-environment-17526723</a> for desktop
+is an alternate of a
+ <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/mobile/science-environment-17526723">bbc:news/mobile/science-environment-17526723</a> for mobile devices.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(bbc:news/science-environment-17526723, [ prov:type="a news item"])
+entity(bbc:news/mobile/science-environment-17526723, [ prov:type="a news item"])
+alternateOf(bbc:news/science-environment-17526723, bbc:news/mobile/science-environment-17526723)
+</pre>
+<p>They are both specialization of an (unspecified) entity. </p>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-alternate2">
+<p>
+Considering again the two versions of the technical report <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> (second working draft) and <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span> (first working draft). They are alternate of each other.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018)
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215)
+alternateOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018,tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215)
+</pre>
+<p>They are both specialization of the page <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+<div class='issue'>A discussion on alternative definition of these relations has not yet reached a satisfactory conclusion. This is <a
+href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/29">ISSUE-29</a>. Also <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/96">ISSUE-96</a>.</div>
+
+</section>
+
+<div id="glossary_div" class="remove">
+<!-- glossary loaded from glossary.js will be hooked up here,
+ class remove, will remove this element from the final output.
+-->
+</div>
+
+ </body>
+</html>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/wd5/wd5-prov-dm-collections.html Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+
+<html><head>
+ <title>PROV-DM new version of Collections</title>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
+ <!--
+ === NOTA BENE ===
+ For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
+ out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
+ -->
+<!-- PM -->
+ <style type="text/css">
+ .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
+ </style>
+
+ <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" class="remove"></script>
+
+ <script src="../glossary.js" class="remove"></script>
+
+ <script class="remove">
+ function updateGlossaryRefs() {
+ $('.glossary-ref').each(function(index) {
+ var ref=$(this).attr('ref');
+ var span=$(this).attr('withspan')
+ $('#'+ref+'.glossary').contents().clone().appendTo($(this));
+ $(this).attr('prov:hadOriginalSource',glossary_hg);
+ if (span) {
+ $(this).children('dfn').replaceWith(function(){return $('<span>').addClass('dfn').append($(this).contents())});
+ }
+ });
+ }
+ $(document).ready(function(){
+ // if glossary is in a string:
+ $('#glossary_div').html(glossary_string)
+ updateGlossaryRefs();
+ });
+
+ </script>
+
+ <script class="remove">
+ var addExtraReferences = function() {
+ for (var k in extraReferences)
+ berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
+ };
+ var extraReferences = {
+ "CLOCK":
+ "Lamport, L. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
+ "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
+ "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
+ "CSP":
+ "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
+ "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
+ "Logic":
+ "W. E. Johnson"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
+ "1924. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
+ "PROV-SEM":
+ "James Cheney "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Work in progress. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
+
+ "PROV-PRIMER":
+ "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-O":
+ "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-DM":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\"><cite>PROV-DM Constraints</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-ASN":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\"><cite>PROV-ASN ....</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-AQ":
+ "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
+ };
+ var respecConfig = {
+ // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
+ specStatus: "ED",
+
+ // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
+ shortName: "prov-dm",
+
+ // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
+ // formal title, define it here
+ subtitle : "Draft proposal (to be incorporated in Editor's Draft)",
+
+
+ // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
+ // publishDate: "2011-10-18",
+
+ // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
+ // the start date here:
+ // copyrightStart: "2005"
+
+ // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
+ // and its maturity status
+ previousPublishDate: "2012-02-02",
+ previousMaturity: "WD",
+
+ // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
+ edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html",
+
+ // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
+ // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
+
+ // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
+ // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
+ extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "../extra.css"],
+
+ // editors, add as many as you like
+ // only "name" is required
+ editors: [
+ { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
+ company: "University of Southampton" },
+ { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
+ company: "Newcastle University" },
+ ],
+
+ // authors, add as many as you like.
+ // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
+ // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
+
+ authors: [
+ { name: "Khalid Belhajjame", url: "http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Khalid_Belhajjame",
+ company: "University of Manchester" },
+ { name: "Stephen Cresswell",
+ company: "legislation.gov.uk"},
+ { name: "Yolanda Gil",
+ company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.isi.edu/~gil/"},
+ { name: "Reza B'Far",
+ company: "Oracle Corporation" },
+ { name: "Paul Groth", url: "http://www.few.vu.nl/~pgroth/",
+ company: "VU University of Amsterdam" },
+ { name: "Graham Klyne",
+ company: "University of Oxford" },
+ { name: "Jim McCusker", url: "http://tw.rpi.edu/web/person/JamesMcCusker",
+ company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute" },
+ { name: "Simon Miles",
+ company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/simonm/" },
+ { name: "James Myers", url:"http://www.rpi.edu/research/ccni/",
+ company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute"},
+ { name: "Satya Sahoo", url:"http://cci.case.edu/cci/index.php/Satya_Sahoo",
+ company: "Case Western Reserve University" },
+ ],
+
+ // name of the WG
+ wg: "Provenance Working Group",
+
+ // URI of the public WG page
+ wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
+
+ // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
+ wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
+
+ // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
+ // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
+ // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
+ // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
+ // Team Contact.
+ wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
+
+ // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
+ preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
+ };
+ </script>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+
+ <section id="abstract">
+ </section>
+
+
+
+<section id="term-Collection">
+<h3>Collections</h3>
+
+<section id="collection-constraints">
+<h3>PROV-DM Collection Constraints and further considerations [to go in part II]</h3>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='collection-unique-derivation'/>
+
+
+ <p>One cannot have multiple assertions that define the state of a collection by means of insertions and removal relations. Thus:</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"])
+entity(c2, [prov:type="Collection"])
+entity(c, [prov:type="Collection"])
+
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c, c1, {(k1, v1), (k2, v2)})
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c, c2, {(k3, v3)})
+</pre>
+is not allowed (unless the two sets were identical, in which case one of the two statements would be redundant)<p/>
+
+ In particular, one cannot derive the state of a collection from another using multiple statements. Thus: <p/>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+derivedByInsertionFrom(id1, c, c1, {(k1, v1), (k2, v2)})
+derivedByInsertionFrom(id2, c, c1, {(k3, v3), (k4, v4)})
+</pre>
+ is not allowed.<p/>
+
+The same applies to removal and combinations of insertions and removals, for example:
+
+<pre class="codeexample">
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c, c1, {(k1, v1)})
+derivedByRemovalFrom(c, c2, {k2})
+</pre>
+ is not allowed.
+</div>
+
+
+<div class='constraint' id='collection-unique-value-for-key'>
+ Keys are unique within a collection. Thus:
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(c, [prov:type="Collection"])
+entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"])
+
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c, {(k, v1), ...})
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c, {(k, v2)}, ...)
+</pre>
+implies <span class="name">v1==v2</span>.
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="further-considerations">
+<h3>Further considerations.</h3>
+
+
+<section id="Collection-branching">
+<h3>Collection branching.</h3>
+
+It is possible to have multiple derivations from a single root collection, as long as the resulting entities are distinct, as shown in the following example.
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection
+ entity(v1)
+ entity(v2)
+ entity(v3)
+ entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"])
+ entity(c2, [prov:type="Collection"])
+ entity(c3, [prov:type="Collection"])
+
+ derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c, {(k1, v1)})
+ derivedByInsertionFrom(c2, c, {(k2, v2)})
+ derivedByInsertionFrom(c3, c1, {(k3,v3)})
+</pre>
+ From this set of assertions, we conclude:
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+ c1 = { (k1,v1) }
+ c2 = { (k2 v2) }
+ c3 = { (k1,v1), (k3,v3) }
+ </pre>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="collections-derivation">
+
+<h3>State of collections and use of weaker <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> relation</h3>
+
+<p>The state of a collection is only known to the extent that a chain of derivations starting from an empty collection can be found. Since a set of assertions regarding a collection's evolution may be incomplete, so is the reconstructed state obtained by querying those assertions. In general, all assertions reflect partial knowledge reagrding a sequence of data transformation events. In the particular case of collection evolution, in which some of the state changes may have been missed, the more generic <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> relation should be used to signal that some updates may have occurred, which cannot be precisely asserted as insertions or removals. The following two examples illustrate this.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ entity(c, [prov:type="Collection"]) // c is a collection, possibly not empty
+ entity(v1)
+ entity(v2, [prov:type="Collection"]) // v2 is a collection
+
+ derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c, {(k1, v1)})
+ derivedByInsertionFrom(c2, c1, {(k2, v2)})
+ </pre>
+ From this set of assertions, we conclude:
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+ c1 includes (k1,v1) but may contain additional unknown pairs
+ c2 includes (k1,v1), (k2 v2) (and possibly more pairs), where v2 is a collection with unknown state
+ </pre>
+
+ </div>
+ In the example, the state of <span class="name">c2</span> is only partially known because the collection is constructed from partially known other collections.
+
+ <div class="anexample">
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+ entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"]) // c is an empty collection
+ entity(v1)
+ entity(v2)
+ entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"])
+ entity(c2, [prov:type="Collection"])
+ entity(c3, [prov:type="Collection"])
+
+ derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c, {(k1, v1)})
+ wasDerivedFrom(c2, c1)
+ derivedByInsertionFrom(c3, c2, {(k2, v2)})
+ </pre>
+ From this set of assertions, we conclude:
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+ c1 = { (k1,v1) }
+ c2 is somehow derived from c1, but the precise sequence of updates is unknown
+ c3 includes (k2 v2) but the earlier "gap" leaves uncertainty regarding (k1,v1) <br/> (it may have been removed) or any other pair that may have been added as part of the derivation activities.
+ </pre>
+ </div>
+
+</section>
+
+
+</section> <!-- end of collections -->
+
+
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/wd5/wd5-prov-dm-components.html Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,2538 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+
+<html><head>
+ <title>PROV-DM Part 1: The Provenance Data Model</title>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
+ <!--
+ === NOTA BENE ===
+ For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
+ out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
+ -->
+<!-- PM -->
+ <style type="text/css">
+ .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
+ </style>
+
+ <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" class="remove"></script>
+
+ <script src="../glossary.js" class="remove"></script>
+
+ <script class="remove">
+ function updateGlossaryRefs() {
+ $('.glossary-ref').each(function(index) {
+ var ref=$(this).attr('ref');
+ var span=$(this).attr('withspan')
+ $(this).removeAttr('withspan');
+ $(this).removeAttr('ref');
+
+ $('#'+ref+'.glossary').contents().clone().appendTo($(this));
+ $(this).attr("prov:hadOriginalSource",glossary_hg);
+ if (span) {
+ $(this).children('dfn').replaceWith(function(){return $('<span>').addClass('dfn').append($(this).contents())});
+ }
+ });
+ }
+ $(document).ready(function(){
+ // if glossary is in a string:
+ $('#glossary_div').html(glossary_string)
+ updateGlossaryRefs();
+ });
+
+ </script>
+
+ <script class="remove">
+ var addExtraReferences = function() {
+ for (var k in extraReferences)
+ berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
+ };
+ var extraReferences = {
+ "CLOCK":
+ "Lamport, L. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
+ "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
+ "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
+ "CSP":
+ "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
+ "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
+ "Logic":
+ "W. E. Johnson"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
+ "1924. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
+ "PROV-SEM":
+ "James Cheney "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Work in progress. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
+
+ "PROV-PRIMER":
+ "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-O":
+ "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-DM":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\"><cite>PROV-DM Constraints</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-N":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\"><cite>PROV-N ....</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-AQ":
+ "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
+ };
+ var respecConfig = {
+ // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
+ specStatus: "ED",
+
+ // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
+ shortName: "prov-dm",
+
+ // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
+ // formal title, define it here
+ subtitle : "Restructuring of PROV-DM presentation for WD5",
+
+
+ // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
+ // publishDate: "2011-10-18",
+
+ // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
+ // the start date here:
+ // copyrightStart: "2005"
+
+ // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
+ // and its maturity status
+ previousPublishDate: "2012-02-02",
+ previousMaturity: "WD",
+
+ // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
+ edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/working-copy/wd5-prov-dm-components.html",
+
+ // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
+ // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
+
+ // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
+ // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
+ extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "../extra.css"],
+
+ // editors, add as many as you like
+ // only "name" is required
+ editors: [
+ { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
+ company: "University of Southampton" },
+ { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
+ company: "Newcastle University" },
+ ],
+
+ // authors, add as many as you like.
+ // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
+ // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
+
+ authors: [
+ { name: "Khalid Belhajjame", url: "http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Khalid_Belhajjame",
+ company: "University of Manchester" },
+ { name: "Stephen Cresswell",
+ company: "legislation.gov.uk"},
+ { name: "Yolanda Gil",
+ company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.isi.edu/~gil/"},
+ { name: "Reza B'Far",
+ company: "Oracle Corporation" },
+ { name: "Paul Groth", url: "http://www.few.vu.nl/~pgroth/",
+ company: "VU University of Amsterdam" },
+ { name: "Graham Klyne",
+ company: "University of Oxford" },
+ { name: "Jim McCusker", url: "http://tw.rpi.edu/web/person/JamesMcCusker",
+ company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute" },
+ { name: "Simon Miles",
+ company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/simonm/" },
+ { name: "James Myers", url:"http://www.rpi.edu/research/ccni/",
+ company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute"},
+ { name: "Satya Sahoo", url:"http://cci.case.edu/cci/index.php/Satya_Sahoo",
+ company: "Case Western Reserve University" },
+ ],
+
+ // name of the WG
+ wg: "Provenance Working Group",
+
+ // URI of the public WG page
+ wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
+
+ // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
+ wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
+
+ // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
+ // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
+ // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
+ // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
+ // Team Contact.
+ wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
+
+ // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
+ preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
+ };
+ </script>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+
+ <section id="abstract">
+ <div class="note">TO EDIT</div>
+<p>
+PROV-DM is a data model for provenance that describes
+the entities, people and activities involved in
+producing a piece of data or thing in the world. PROV-DM is
+domain-agnostic, but is equipped with extensibility points allowing
+further domain-specific and application-specific extensions to be
+defined. PROV-DM is accompanied by PROV-N, a technology-independent
+notation, which allows serializations of PROV-DM
+instances to be created for human consumption, which facilitates the
+mapping of PROV-DM to concrete syntax, and which is used as the basis for a
+formal semantics of PROV-DM.
+</p>
+ </section>
+
+<section id="sotd">
+ <div class="note">TO EDIT</div>
+<section id="prov-family">
+<!-- <h3>Prov Family of Specifications</h3>-->
+This document is part of the PROV family of specifications, a set of specifications aiming to define the various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
+interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. This document defines the PROV-DM data model for provenance, accompanied with a notation to express
+instances of that data model for human consumption. Other documents are:
+<ul>
+<li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS, a set of constraints applying to the PROV-DM data model,</li>
+<li> PROV-N, a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption,</li>
+<li> PROV-O, the provenance ontology: by means of a mapping of PROV-DM to the OWL2 Web Ontology Language, this specification provides a normative serialization of PROV-DM in RDF</li>
+<li> PROV-AQ, provenance access and query: the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance; </li>
+<li> PROV-PRIMER: a primer for the PROV-DM provenance data model,</li>
+<li> PROV-SEM: a formal semantics for the PROV-DM provenance data model.</li>
+</ul>
+</section>
+</section>
+
+
+
+<!-- <div class="buttonpanel">
+<form action="#"><p>
+<input id="hide-asn" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','withAsn','none');set_display_by_class('span','withAsn','none'); set_display_by_id('hide-asn','none'); set_display_by_id('show-asn','');" type="button"
+value="Hide ASN" />
+<input id="show-asn" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','withAsn',''); set_display_by_class('span','withAsn',''); set_display_by_id('hide-asn',''); set_display_by_id('show-asn','none');" style="display: none"
+type="button" value="Show ASN" />
+</p>
+</form>
+</div>
+-->
+
+
+
+
+ <section id="introduction">
+ <h2>Introduction<br>
+</h2>
+
+<p>
+For the purpose of this specification, <dfn>provenance</dfn> is defined as a record that describes the people,
+institutions, entities, and activities, involved in producing,
+influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a thing in the world.
+In particular, the provenance of information is crucial in deciding
+whether information is to be trusted, how it should be integrated with
+other diverse information sources, and how to give credit to its
+originators when reusing it. In an open and inclusive environment
+such as the Web, where users find information that is often contradictory or
+questionable, provenance can help those users to make trust judgements.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+The idea that a single way of representing and collecting provenance could be adopted internally by all systems does not seem to be realistic today. Instead, a pragmatic approach is to
+consider a core data model for provenance that allows domain and application specific representations of provenance to be translated into such a data model and exchanged between systems.
+Heterogeneous systems can then export their provenance into such a core data model, and applications that need to make sense of provenance in heterogeneous systems can then import it,
+process it, and reason over it.</p>
+
+<p>Thus, the vision is that different provenance-aware systems natively adopt their own model for representing their provenance, but a core provenance data model can be readily adopted as a
+provenance <em>interchange</em> model across such systems.</p>
+
+<p>A set of specifications, referred to as the PROV family of specifications, define the various aspects
+that are necessary to achieve this vision in an interoperable
+way:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>A data model for provenance, which is presented in three documents:
+<ul>
+<li> PROV-DM (part I): the provenance data model itself, expressed in natural language (this document);
+<li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS (part II): constraints underpinning the data model [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]];
+<li> PROV-N (part III): a notation to express instances of that data model for human consumption [[PROV-N]];
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>PROV-O: a normative serialization of PROV-DM in RDF [[!PROV-O]], specified by means of a mapping to the OWL2 Web Ontology Language [[!OWL2-SYNTAX]];</li>
+<li>PROV-AQ: the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [[PROV-AQ]];</li>
+<li>PROV-PRIMER: a primer for the PROV approach [[PROV-PRIMER]];</li>
+<li>PROV-SEM: semantics of the PROV-DM data model [[PROV-SEM]];</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<p>
+The PROV-DM data model for provenance consists of a set of core
+concepts, and a few common relations, based on these core concepts. PROV-DM is a domain-agnostic model, but with clear extensibility points allowing further domain-specific and
+application-specific extensions to be defined.</p>
+
+<p>This specification intentionally presents the key concepts of the PROV Data Model, without drilling down into all its subtleties. Using these key concepts, it becomes possible to write useful provenance assertions very quickly, and publish or embed them along side the data they relate to. </p>
+
+<p>However, if data changes, then it is challenging to express its provenance precisely, like it would be for any other form of metadata. To address this challenge, an <em>upgrade path</em> is proposed to enrich simple provenance, with extra-descriptions that help qualify the specific subject of provenance and provenance itself, with attributes and interval, intended to satisfy a comprehensive set of constraints. These aspects are covered in the companion specification [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]].
+</p>
+
+
+ <section id="structure-of-this-document">
+<h3>Structure of this Document</h3>
+
+<p><a href="#prov-dm-overview">Section 2</a> provides an overview of PROV-DM listing its core types and their relations.</p>
+
+<p>In <a href="#prov-dm-example">section 3</a>, PROV-DM is
+applied to a short scenario, encoded in PROV-N, and illustrated
+graphically.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#data-model-concepts">Section 4</a> provides the definition of PROV-DM constructs.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#common-relations">Section 5</a> introduces further relations offered by PROV-DM, including relations for data collections and domain-independent common relations.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#extensibility-section">Section 6</a> summarizes PROV-DM extensibility points.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#FurtherConsiderations">Section 7</a> introduces constraints that can be applied to the PROV data model
+and that are covered in [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]].</p>
+
+
+ </section>
+
+<section id="prov-dm-namespace">
+ <h3>PROV-DM Namespace</h3>
+
+
+<p>The PROV-DM namespace is <span class="name">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-dm/</span> (TBC).</p>
+
+<p> All the elements, relations, reserved names and attributes introduced in this specification belong to the PROV-DM namespace.</p>
+
+<div class="issue">
+There is a desire to use a single namespace that all specifications of the PROV family can share to refer to common provenance terms. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/224">ISSUE-224</a>.
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+
+ <section id="conventions">
+<h3>Conventions</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
+ NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
+ "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
+ [[!RFC2119]].</p>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+ <section id='conceptualization'>
+<h1>Overview</h1>
+
+<p>This section provides an overview of the main concepts found in the PROV data model. </p>
+
+
+
+ <section id='section-entity-activity-agent'>
+<h2>Entity, Activity, Agent</h2>
+
+
+<p>PROV-DM is a data model for describing the provenance of <em>Entities</em>, that is, of things in the world. The term "Things" encompasses a broad diversity of concepts, including digital objects such as a file or web page,
+physical things such as a building or a printed book, or a car as well as abstract concepts and ideas. One can regard any Web resource as an example of Entity in this context. </p>
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-entity" withspan="true">
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="entity-example">
+<p>An entity may be the document at URI <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>, a file in a file system, a car or an idea.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-activity" withspan="true"></span> Activities that operate on digital entities may for example move, copy, or duplicate them.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="activity-example">
+<p>An activity may be the publishing of a document on the web, sending a twitter message, extracting metadata embedded in a file, or driving a car from Boston to Cambridge, assembling a data set based on a set of measurements, performing a statistical analysis over a data set, sorting news items according to some criteria, running a SPARQL query over a triple store, and editing a file.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-agent" withspan="true">
+</span>
+</p>
+
+
+<p>The motivation for introducing agents in the model is to denote the agent's responsibility for activities.
+The definition of agent intentionally stays away from using concepts such as enabling, causing, initiating, affecting, etc, because many entities also enable, cause, initiate, and affect in some way
+the activities. Concepts such as initiating are themselves defined as relations between agent and activities. So the notion of having some degree of responsibility is really what makes an agent.</p>
+
+
+<p>An agent is a particular type of Entity. This means that the model can be
+ used to express provenance of the agents themselves. </p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="agent-example">
+<p>
+Software for checking the use of grammar in a document may be defined as an agent of a document preparation activity, and at the same time one can describe its provenance, including for instance the vendor and the version history.</p>
+</div>
+</section>
+
+
+
+ <section id="section-generation-usage-derivation">
+<h2>Generation, Usage, Derivation</h2>
+
+<p>Activities and entities are associated with each other in two different ways: activities are consumers of entities and activities are producers of entities. The act of producing or consuming an entity may have a duration.
+ The term 'generation' refers to the completion of the the act of producing; likewise, the term 'usage' refers to the beginning of the act of consuming entities. Thus, we define the following notions of generation and usage. </p>
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-generation" withspan="true">
+</div>
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-usage" withspan="true">
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<p><div class="anexample" id="generation-example">
+Examples of generation are the completed creation of a file by a
+program, the completed creation of a linked data set, and the completed
+publication of a new version of a document.
+</div>
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="anexample" id="usage-example">
+Usage examples include a procedure beginning to consume an argument, a service starting to read a value on a port, a program beginning to read a configuration
+file, or the point at which an ingredient, such as eggs, is being added in a baking activity. Usage may entirely consume an entity (e.g. eggs are no longer available after being added to
+the mix); alternatively, a same entity may be used multiple times, possibly by different activities (e.g. a file on a file system can be read indefinitely).
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Activities are consumers of entities and producers of entities. In some case, the consumption of an entity influences the creation of another in some way. This notion is captured by derivations, defined as follows.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-derivation" withspan="true"></span>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="derivation-example">
+<p>Examples of derivation include the transformation of a relational table into a
+linked data set, the transformation of a canvas into a painting, the transportation of a work of art from London to New York, and a physical transformation such as the melting of ice into water.</p>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+ <section id="section-types-entities-agents">
+<h2>Types of Entities and Agents</h2>
+
+<p>There are some useful types of entities and agents that are commonly encountered in applications making data and documents available on the Web; we introduce them in this section. </p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-plan" withspan="true">
+</span>
+PROV-DM is not
+prescriptive about the nature of plans, their representation, the
+actions or steps they consist of, or their intended goals. Since plans may evolve over time,
+it may become necessary to track their provenance, so plans themselves are
+entities. Representing the plan explicitly in the provenance can be useful for various tasks: for example, to
+validate the execution as represented in the provenance record, to
+manage expectation failures, or to provide explanations.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="plan-example">
+<p>
+A plan can be a blog post tutorial for how to set up a web server, a list of instructions for a micro-processor execution, a cook's written recipe for a chocolate cake, or a workflow for a scientific experiment.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-collection" withspan="true"></span> This concept allows for the provenance of the collection, but also of its constituents to be expressed. Such a notion of collection corresponds to a wide variety of concrete data structures, such as a <em>maps</em>, <em>dictionaries</em> or <em>associative arrays</em>.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="collection-example">
+<p>
+An example of collection is an archive of documents. Each document has its own provenance, but the archive itself also has some provenance: who maintained it, which documents it contained at which point in time, how it was assembled, etc.
+</div>
+
+
+<!-- alternative names: provenance record, bundle -->
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-accountEntity" withspan="true">
+</span>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="account-example">
+<p>
+Having found a resource, a user may want to retrieve its
+provenance. For users to decide whether they can place their trust in
+that resource, they may want to analyze its provenance, but also determine
+who the provenance is attributed to, and when it was
+generated. Hence, from the PROV-DM data model, the provenance is
+regarded as an entity, an AccountEntity, for which provenance can be
+sought.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Three types of agents are recognized by PROV-DM because they are commonly encountered in applications making data and documents available on the Web: persons, software agents, and organizations.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="software-agents-example">
+<p> Even software agents can be assigned some responsibility for the effects they have in the world, so for example if one is using a Text Editor and one's laptop crashes, then one would say
+that the Text Editor was responsible for crashing the laptop. If one invokes a service to buy a book, that service can be considered responsible for drawing funds from one's bank to make
+the purchase (the company that runs the service and the web site would also be responsible, but the point here is that we assign some measure of responsibility to software as well). </p>
+</div>
+<p>So when
+someone models software as an agent for an activity in the PROV-DM model, they mean the agent has some responsibility for that activity.</p>
+</section>
+
+ <section id="section-responsibility">
+<h2>Activity Association and Responsibility</h2>
+
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+Agents are defined as having some kind of responsibility for activities. However, one may want to be more specific about the nature of an agent's responsibility.
+For example, a programmer and a researcher could both be
+associated with running a workflow, but it may not matter which
+programmer clicked the button to start the workflow while it would
+matter a lot which researcher told the programmer to do so. So there
+is some notion of responsibility that needs to be captured. </p>
+
+<!-- <div class="note"> to be revisited for WD5. Paolo's proposed text: "Agents are defined in sec. 2.1 as having some kind of responsibility for activities. However, one may want to be more specific regarding the degrees of an agent's responsibility. For example, ..."</div>
+-->
+
+
+<p>Provenance reflects activities that have occurred. In some
+cases, those activities reflect the execution of a plan that was
+designed in advance to guide the execution. PROV-DM allows associating
+a plan to an activity, which represents what was intended to
+happen. </p>
+
+<!-- <div class="note">Proposal: remove the above para as it repeats from 2.3. Proposed text: "the <em>activity association</em> relation provides a way to indicate that an agent is responsible for an activity, possibly with an associated plan."[PM]</div> -->
+
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-activityAssociation" withspan="true"></span>
+</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="association-example">
+<p>Examples of association between an activity and agent are:
+<ul>
+<li>creation of a web page under the guidance of a designer;</li>
+<li>various forms of participation in a panel discussion, including audience member, panelist, or panel chair;</li>
+<li>a public event, sponsored by a company, and hosted by a museum;</li>
+<li>an XSLT transform initiated by a user;</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-responsibility" withspan="true">
+</span> The nature of this relation is intended to be broad, including delegation or a contractual relation. </p>
+
+<!--<div class="note">Propose to rephrase as follows: <br/>
+A relation between two agents, denoted <dfn title="concept-responsibilityChain">actedOnBehalfOf</dfn> indicates that
+ that a "subordinate" agent acted on behalf of a "responsible" agent, in the context of an activity. The nature of this relation is intended to be broad, including delegation or a contractual relation.
+ When this relation is used transitively, i.e., one agent acts on behalf of another, who also acts on behalf of another, etc., these relations form a <dfn title="concept-responsibilityChain">responsibility chain</dfn>.
+</div>-->
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="responsibilityChain-example">
+<p>A student publishing a web page describing an academic
+department could result in both the student and the department being
+agents associated with the activity, and it may not matter which
+student published a web page but it matters a lot that the department
+told the student to put up the web page.
+</p>
+</div>
+</section>
+
+
+ <section id="section-UML">
+<h2>Overview Diagram</h2>
+
+<p> The following diagram summarizes the elements and relations just described</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+ TODO: short text required to explain the overview diagram
+<p> add a sentence saying that it is not complete coverage of the dm in diagram.</p>
+<p>The text should say that we introduce a few relations based on the concepts introduced in section 2.1-2.4, that these relations are used in the example of section 3, and are fully defined in section 4-5.</p>
+<p>The note should also say why relations are in past tense (we had something in previous version of prov-dm)</p>
+<p>I have the impression that the diagram presented in Section 2.5 would
+ > be more useful if placed at the beginning of Section 2 [KB]
+<p>There is some comments that the picture does not print well. We need to check. </p>
+<p>Add links in the svg so that we can click on the figure. </p>
+</div>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center; ">
+ <figure style="max-width: 70%; " >
+
+
+<embed src="images/OverviewDiagram.svg" width="600" height="400" alt="PROV-DM overview" type="image/svg+xml"></embed>
+
+<!--
+ <img src="images/OverviewDiagram.svg" alt="PROV-DM overview" style="max-width: 70%; " />-->
+
+<figcaption>PROV-DM overview</figcaption>
+ </figure>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+</section>
+<!-- </section> -->
+
+<section id="prov-dm-example">
+<h2>Example</h2>
+
+<p>The World Wide Web Consortium publishes many technical reports. In this example, we consider a technical report, and describe its provenance. </p>
+
+<p>Specifically, we consider the second version of the PROV-DM document
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215</a>. Its provenance can be expressed from several perspectives, which we present. In the first one, provenance is concerned with the W3C process, whereas in the second one, it takes the authors' viewpoint. </p>
+
+
+<section id="section-example-a">
+<h3>The Process View</h3>
+
+
+<p style="font-style:italic; " ><b>Description:</b> The World Wide Web
+Consortium publishes technical reports according to its publication
+policy. Working drafts are published regularly to reflect the work
+accomplished by working groups. Every publication of a working draft
+must be preceded by a "publication request" to the Webmaster. The
+very first version of a technical report must also preceded by a
+"transition request" to be approved by the W3C director. All working
+drafts are made available at a unique URI. In this scenario, we consider two successive versions of a given report, the policy according they were published, and the associated requests.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+
+Concretely, in this section, we describe the kind of provenance record that the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium">WWW Consortium</a> could keep for auditors to check that due processes are followed. All entities involved in this example are Web resources, with well defined URIs (some of which locating archived email messages, available to W3C Members).</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li> Two versions of the technical report are involved: <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> (second working draft) and <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span> (first working draft);</li>
+<li> Both <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> and <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span> were published by the WWW Consortium agent (<span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium">w3:Consortium</a></span>); </li>
+<li> The publication activity for <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> is <span class="name">ex:act2</span>;</li>
+<li> The publication activity for <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span> is <span class="name">ex:act1</span>;
+</li>
+
+<li> The report <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> is derived from <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span>;</li>
+
+<li> The publication activity <span class="name">ex:act1</span> used a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq">publication request</a> (<span class="name"><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/2011Oct/0141">ar2:0141</a></span>) and a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#transreq">transition request</a> (<span class="name"><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/chairs/2011OctDec/0004">ar1:0004</a></span>);</li>
+<li> The publication activity <span class="name">ex:act2</span> used a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq">publication request</a> (<span class="name"><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/2011Dec/0111">ar3:0111</a></span>);</li>
+<li> Technical reports were published according to the process rules (<span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#rec-advance">pr:rec-advance</a></span>), a plan in PROV-DM terminology.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+We now paraphrase some PROV-DM descriptions, and illustrate them with the PROV-N notation, a notation for PROV-DM aimed at human consumption. We then follow them with a graphical illustration. Full details of the provenance record can be found <a href="examples/w3c-publication1.prov-n">here</a>.
+
+<ul>
+<li>There is a technical report, a working draft on the recommendation track (<a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#RecsWD">pr:RecsWD</a>), which is regarded as an entity so that we can describe its provenance. Similar descriptions exist for all entities.
+<pre>
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+</pre>
+</li>
+<li>There is a publication activity.
+<pre>
+activity(ex:act2,,,[prov:type="publish"])
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>The technical report was generated by the publication activity: this is a <a title="concept-Generation">Generation</a>.
+<pre>
+wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:act2)
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+
+<li>The second draft of the technical report was derived from the first draft of the technical report: this is a <a title="concept-Derivation">Derivation</a>.
+<pre>
+wasDerivedFrom(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018)
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>The activity required a publication request: this is a <a title="concept-Usage">Usage</a>.
+<pre>
+used(ex:act2,ar3:0111)
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>The activity was associated with the Consortium agent, and proceeded according to its publication policy: this is an <a title="concept-activityAssociation">Activity Association</a>.
+<pre>
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:act2, w3:Consortium @ pr:rec-advance)
+</pre>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+Provenance descriptions can be <em>illustrated</em> graphically. The illustration is not intended to represent all the details of the model, but it is intended to show the essence of a set of
+provenance statements. Therefore, it should not be seen as an alternate notation for expressing provenance.</p>
+
+<p>The graphical illustration takes the form of a graph. Entities, activities and agents are represented as nodes, with oval, rectangular, and octagonal shapes, respectively. Usage,
+Generation, Derivation, and Activity Association are represented as directed edges.</p>
+
+<p>Entities are laid out according to the ordering of their generation event. We endeavor to show time progressing from top to bottom. This means that edges for Usage, Generation and
+Derivation typically point upwards.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+ <figure>
+ <img src="examples/w3c-publication1.png" alt="Provenance of a Tech Report" style="max-width: 70%; "/>
+<figcaption>Provenance of a Tech Report</figcaption>
+ </figure>
+</div>
+
+<div class='note'>
+Illustration to be hand crafted instead of being generated automatically. It's important to adopt a common style for all illustrations across all PROV documents.
+<p>CG: It would be helpful to see the properties labelled in the figure.
+</div>
+
+
+<p> This simple example has shown a variety of PROV-DM constructs, such as Entity, Agent, Activity, Usage, Generation, Derivation, and ActivityAssociation. In this example, it happens that all entities were already Web resources, with readily available URIs, which we used. We note that some of the resources are public, whereas others have restricted access: provenance statements only make use of their identifiers. If identifiers do not pre-exist, e.g. for activities, then they can be generated, for instance <span class="name">ex:act2</span>, occurring in the namespace identified by prefix <span class="name">ex</span>. We note that the URI scheme developed by W3C is particularly suited for expressing provenance of these reports, since each URI denotes a specific version of a report. It then becomes very easy to relate the various versions, with PROV-DM constructs. </p>
+
+
+</section>
+<section id="section-example-b">
+<h3>The Authors View</h3>
+
+
+<p style="font-style:italic; " ><b>Description:</b> A technical report
+is edited by some editor, using contributions from various
+contributors.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<p>Here, we consider another perspective on technical report
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215</a>. Provenance is concerned with the document editing activity, as perceived by authors. This kind of information could be used by authors in their CV or in a narrative about this document. </p>
+
+
+
+
+<ul>
+<li> The same technical report is involved: <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span>;</li>
+<li> An editing activity for <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> is <span class="name">ex:edit1</span>;</li>
+<li> The report <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> is generated by activity <span class="name">ex:edit1</span>;</li>
+<li> Several persons are associated with activity <span class="name">ex:edit1</span>, some in an editorial role, some in a contributor's role.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Again, we paraphrase some PROV-DM assertions, and illustrate them with the PROV-N notation.
+Full details of the provenance record can be found <a href="examples/w3c-publication3.prov-n">here</a>.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>There is a technical report, which from the author's perspective is a document in its second version.
+<pre>
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
+</pre>
+<p>While this description is about the same report <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span>, its details differ from the author's perspective: it is a document and it has a version number. </p></li>
+
+<li>There is an editing activity.
+<pre>
+activity(ex:edit1,,,[prov:type="edit"])
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>The technical report was generated by the editing activity: this is a <a title="concept-generation">Generation</a>.
+<pre>
+wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1)
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+
+<li>There are some agents.
+<pre>
+agent(ex:Paolo, [ prov:type="Person" ])
+agent(ex:Simon, [ prov:type="Person" ])
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>Agents were assigned various responsibilities in the editing activity: contributor and editor.
+<pre>
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Paolo, [prov:role="editor"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Simon, [prov:role="contributor"])
+</pre>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+ <figure>
+ <img src="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/images/c/cd/W3c-publication3.png" alt="Provenance of a Tech Report (b)" style="max-width: 98%; "/>
+<figcaption id="prov-tech-report">Provenance of a Tech Report (b)</figcaption>
+ </figure>
+</div>
+
+<div class='note'>
+Illustration to be hand crafted instead of being generated automatically. It's important to adopt a common style for all illustrations across all PROV documents.
+<p>CG: It would be helpful to see the properties labelled in the figure.
+<p> simplify the figure (leave just 2 authors (as in the example), or the editors), and label the edges as well.
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="section-example-c">
+<h3>Attribution of Provenance</h3>
+
+<p>The two previous sections provide two different perspectives on the provenance of a technical report. By design, the PROV approach allows for the provenance of a subject to be provided by multiple sources. For users to decide whether they can place their trust in the technical report, they may want to analyze its provenance, but also determine
+who the provenance is attributed to, and when it was
+generated, etc. In other words, we need to be able to express the provenance of provenance.</p>
+
+<p>No new mechanism is required to support this requirement. PROV-DM makes the assumption that provenance statements have been bundled up, and named, by some mechanism outside the scope of PROV-DM. For instance, in this case, provenance statements were put in a file and exposed on the Web, respectively at <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/working-copy/examples/w3c-publication1.pn">ex:prov1</a> and <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/working-copy/examples/w3c-publication3.pn">ex:prov3</a>. To express their respective provenance, these resources must be seen as entities, and all the constructs of PROV-DM are now available to characterize their provenance. In the example below, <span class="name">ex:prov1</span> is attributed to the agent <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>, whereas <span class="name">ex:prov3</span> to <span class="name">ex:Simon</span>.
+
+<pre>
+entity(ex:prov1, [prov:type="prov:AccountEntity" %% xsd:QName ])
+wasAttributedTo(ex1:prov1,w3:Consortium)
+
+entity(ex:prov3, [prov:type="prov:AccountEntity" %% xsd:QName ])
+wasAttributedTo(ex1:prov3,ex:Simon)
+</pre>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="data-model-components">
+
+<h2>PROV-DM Concepts and Relations</h2>
+
+<p>PROV-DM Concepts are structured according to six components that are introduced here.
+Components and their dependencies are illustrated in Figure <a href="#prov-dm-components">prov-dm-components</a>. A component that relies on concepts defined in another also sits above it, in this figure.
+PROV-DM consists of the following components.</p>
+
+<ol>
+<li><b>Component 1: entities and activities.</b> The first component consists of entities, activities, and all concepts linking them, such as generation, usage, start, end. The first component is the only one comprising time-related concepts. </li>
+<li><b>Component 2: agents and responsibility.</b> The second component consists of agents and concepts ascribing responsibility to agents.</li>
+<li><b>Component 3: derivations.</b> The third component is formed with derivations and its subtypes.</li>
+<li><b>Component 4: alternate.</b> The fourth component consists of relations linking entities somehow denoting a same thing. </li>
+<li><b>Component 5: collections.</b> The fifth component is comprised of collections and operations related to collections. </li>
+<li><b>Component 6: annotations.</b> The sixth component is concerned with annotations to PROV-DM concepts.</li>
+</ol>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure style="max-width: 90%; ">
+<img usemap="#componentMap" src="../images/components.png" alt="PROV-DM Components" style="max-width: 90%; " />
+<map id="componentMap" name="componentMap">
+<area title="collections" href="#component5" coords="220,0,440,70" alt="collections" shape="rect"/>
+<area title="alternate" href="#component4" coords="450,0,510,140" alt="alternate" shape="rect"/>
+<area title="annotations" href="#component6" coords="530,0,590,220" alt="annotations" shape="rect"/>
+<area title="activities/entities" href="#component1" coords="80,150,510,220" alt="activities/entities" shape="rect"/>
+<area title="derivations" href="#component3" coords="80,0,210,70" alt="derivations" shape="rect"/>
+<area title="agents/responsibility" href="#component2" coords="0,0,70,220" alt="agents/responsibility" shape="rect"/>
+</map>
+<figcaption id="prov-dm-components">PROV-DM Components</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+While not all PROV-DM relations are binary, they all involve two primary elements. Hence, Table <a href="#relations-at-a-glance">relations-at-a-glance</a> indexes all relations according to their two primary elements. The table adopts the same color scheme as in Figure <a href="#prov-dm-components">prov-dm-components</a>, allowing components to be readily identified.
+Note that for simplicity, this table does not include collection-oriented relations.
+</p>
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="relations-at-a-glance">PROV-DM Relations At a Glance</caption>
+<tr><td></td><td>Entity</td><td>Activity</td><td>Agent</td><td>Note</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Entity</td><td><div class="component3-color"><a>wasDerivedFrom</a><br><a>wasRevisionOf</a><br><a>wasQuotedFrom</a><br><a>hadOriginalSource</a></div><div class="component4-color"><a>alternateOf</a><br><a>specializationOf</a></div></td><td class="component1-color"><a
+title="dfn-Generation">wasGeneratedBy</a></td><td class="component2-color"><a>wasAttributedTo</a></td><td class="component6-color"><a>hasAnnotation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Activity</td><td><div class="component1-color"><a>used</a><br><a>wasStartedBy</a><br><a>wasEndedBy</a></div></td><td class="component1-color"><a>wasStartedByActivity</a><br><a>wasInformedBy</a></td><td class="component2-color"><a>wasAssociatedWith</a></td><td class="component6-color"><a>hasAnnotation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Agent</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td class="component2-color"><a>actedOnBehalfOf</a></td><td class="component6-color"><a>hasAnnotation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Note</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td class="component6-color"><a>hasAnnotation</a></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<p>Table <a href="#prov-dm-concepts-and-relations">prov-dm-concepts-and-relations</a> is a complete index of all the concepts and relations in prov-dm, color-coded according to the component they belong too. In the first column, one finds concept names directly linking to their English definition. In the second column, we find their representation in the PROV-N notation, directly linking to the definition of their various constituents.</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: left;">
+<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="prov-dm-concepts-and-relations">PROV-DM Concepts and Relations</caption>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>Entity</a></td><td><a title="dfn-Entity">entity(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>Activity</a></td><td><a title="dfn-Activity">activity(id, st, et, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>Generation</a></td><td><a title="dfn-Generation">wasGeneratedBy(id,e,a,t,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>Usage</a></td><td><a title="used">used(id,a,e,t,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>Start</a></td><td><a title="wasStartedBy">wasStartedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>End</a></td><td><a title="wasEndedBy">wasEndedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>Communication</a></td><td><a title="wasInformedBy">wasInformedBy(id,a2,a1,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>Start by Activity</a></td><td><a title="wasStartedByActivity">wasStartedByActivity(id, a2, a1, attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component2-color"><td><a>Agent</a></td><td><a title="dfn-agent">agent(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component2-color"><td><a>Attribution</a></td><td><a title="wasAttributedTo">wasAttributedTo(id,e,ag,attr)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component2-color"><td><a>Association</a></td><td><a title="wasAssociatedWith">wasAssociatedWith(id,a,ag,pl,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component2-color"><td><a>Responsibility</a></td><td><a title="actedOnBehalfOf">actedOnBehalfOf(id,ag2,ag1,a,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td><a>Derivation</a></td><td><a title="wasDerivedFrom">wasDerivedFrom(id, e2, e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td><a>Revision</a></td><td><a title="wasRevisionOf">wasRevisionOf(id,e2,e1,ag,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td><a>Quotation</a></td><td><a title="wasQuotedFrom">wasQuotedFrom(id,e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td><a>Original Source</a></td><td><a title="hadOriginalSource">hadOriginalSource(id,e2,e1,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td><a>Traceability</a></td><td><a title="tracedTo">tracedTo(id,e2,e1,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component4-color"><td><a>Alternate</a></td><td><a title="alternateOf">alternateOf(alt1, alt2)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component4-color"><td><a>Specialization</a></td><td><a title="specializationOf">specializationOf(sub, super)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component5-color"><td>Derivation by Insertion</td><td>derivedByInsertionFrom(id, collAfter, collBefore, key, value, attrs)</td></tr>
+<tr class="component5-color"><td>Derivation by Removal</td><td>derivedByRemovalFrom(id, collAfter, collBefore, key, attrs)</td></tr>
+<tr class="component5-color"><td>Containment</td><td>contained(id, coll, key, values, attrs)</td></tr>
+<tr class="component5-color"><td></td><td>derivedByBulkInsertionFrom(id, collAfter, collBefore, key-value-set, attrs)</td></tr>
+<tr class="component5-color"><td></td><td>derivedByBulkRemovalFrom(id, collAfter, collBefore, key-set, attrs)</td></tr>
+<tr class="component5-color"><td></td><td>containedBulk(id, coll, key-value-set, attrs)</td></tr>
+<tr class="component6-color"><td><a>Note</a></td><td><a title="note">note(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component6-color"><td><a>Annotation</a></td><td><a title="hasAnnotation">hasAnnotation(r,n)</a></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<p>In the rest of the section, each concept and relation is defined, in English initially, followed by a more formal definition and some example.</p>
+
+<section id="component1">
+<h3>Component 1: Entities and Activities</h3>
+
+<p>The first component of PROV-DM is concerned with <a title="entity">entities</a> and <a title="activity">activities</a>, and their inter-relations: <a>Usage</a>, <a>Generation</a>, <a>Start</a>, <a>End</a>, <a>Communication</a>, and <a>Start by Activity</a>. Figure <a href="#figure-component1">figure-component1</a> overviews the first component, with two classes and binary associations between them. Associations are not just binary; indeed, <a>Usage</a>, <a>Generation</a>, <a>Start</a>, <a>End</a> are remarkable because they have <em>time</em> attributes, which are placeholders for time information related to provenance.
+</p>
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<img src="../images/Entities-Activities.png" alt="entities and activities"/>
+<figcaption id="figure-component1">Entities and Activities Component Overview</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <section id="term-Entity">
+
+<h4>Entity</h4>
+
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-entity"></div>
+
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-entity">An <dfn title="dfn-Entity">entity</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-entity">entity(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-N, </span> contains:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="entity.id">id</span>: an identifier for an entity; </li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="entity.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs representing this entity's situation in the world.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following expression</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
+</pre>
+states the existence of an entity, denoted by identifier <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>, with type <span class="name">document</span> and version number <span class="name">2</span>. The attributes <span class="name">ex:version</span> is application specific, whereas the attribute <span
+class="name">type</span> is reserved in the PROV-DM namespace.
+<!--The following expression</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
+entity(e0, [ prov:type="File", ex:path="/shared/crime.txt", ex:creator="Alice" ])
+</pre>
+states the existence of an entity, denoted by identifier <span class="name">e0</span>, with type <span class="name">File</span> and path <span class="name">/shared/crime.txt</span> in the
+file system, and creator alice. The attributes <span class="name">path</span> and <span class="name">creator</span> are application specific, whereas the attribute <span
+class="name">type</span> is reserved in the PROV-DM namespace.-->
+</div>
+
+<p>Further considerations:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>The sets of Activities and Entities are disjoint, as described below.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<div class='issue'>The characterization interval of an entity is currently implicit. Making it explicit would allow us to define wasComplementOf more precisely.
+Beginning and end of characterization interval could be expressed by attributes (similarly to activities).
+How do we define the end of an entity? This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/204">ISSUE-204</a>.
+</div>
+
+
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="term-Activity">
+
+<h3>Activity</h3>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-activity"></div>
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-activity"> An <dfn title="dfn-Activity">activity</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-activity">activity(id, st, et, [ attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-N,</span> contains:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="activity.id">id</span>: an identifier for an activity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="activity.startTime">startTime</span>: an OPTIONAL time for the start of the activity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="activity.endTime">endTime</span>: an OPTIONAL time for the end of the activity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="activity.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs for this activity.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following expression</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(a1,2011-11-16T16:05:00,2011-11-16T16:06:00,
+ [ex:host="server.example.org",prov:type="ex:edit" %% xsd:QName])
+</pre>
+<p>states the existence of an activity with identifier <span class="name">a1</span>, start time <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:05:00</span>, and end time <span
+class="name">2011-11-16T16:06:00</span>, running on host <span class="name">server.example.org</span>, and of type <span class="name">edit</span>. The attribute <span class="name">host</span> is application specific (declared in some namespace with prefix <span class="name">ex</span>). The attribute <span
+class="name">type</span> is a reserved attribute of PROV-DM, allowing for sub-typing to be expressed.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>Further considerations:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>An activity is not an entity. This distinction is similar to the distinction between
+'continuant' and 'occurrent' in logic [[Logic]].
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Generation">
+<h4>Generation</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-generation"></div>
+
+<p>
+<div class="attributes" id="attributes-generation"><dfn title="dfn-Generation">Generation</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasGeneratedBy(id,e,a,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has the following components:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="generation.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for a generation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="generation.entity">entity</span>: an identifier for a created entity; </li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="generation.activity">activity</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the activity that creates the entity;</li>
+
+<li><span class='attribute' id="generation.time">time</span>: an OPTIONAL "generation time", the time at which the entity was completely created;</li>
+
+<li><span class='attribute' id="generation.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that describes the modalities of generation of this entity by this activity.</li>
+</ul></div>
+<p>While each of the components <span class='attribute'>activity</span>, <span class='attribute'>time</span>, and <span class='attribute'>attributes</span> is OPTIONAL, at least one of them MUST be present.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class='anexample'>
+<p>
+The following expressions</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ wasGeneratedBy(e1,a1, 2001-10-26T21:32:52, [ex:port="p1", ex:order=1])
+ wasGeneratedBy(e2,a1, 2001-10-26T10:00:00, [ex:port="p1", ex:order=2])
+</pre>
+<p>state the existence of two generations (with respective times <span class="name">2001-10-26T21:32:52</span> and <span
+class="name">2001-10-26T10:00:00</span>), at which new entities, identified by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, are created by an
+activity, identified by <span class="name">a1</span>.
+The first one is available as the first value on port p1, whereas the other is the second value on port p1. The semantics of <span class="name">port</span> and <span
+class="name">order</span> are application specific.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class='anexample'>
+<p>
+In some cases, we may want to record the time at which an entity was generated without having to specify the activity that generated it. To support this requirement, the activity component in generation is optional. Hence, the following expression indicates the time at which an entity is generated, without naming the activity that did it.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ wasGeneratedBy(e,,2001-10-26T21:32:52)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="term-Usage">
+<h3>Usage</h3>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-usage"></div>
+
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-usage"><dfn title="used">Usage</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">used(id,a,e,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has the following constituents:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="usage.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for a usage;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="usage.activity">activity</span>: an identifier for the consuming activity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="usage.entity">entity</span>: an identifier for the consumed entity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="usage.time">time</span>: an OPTIONAL "usage time", the time at which the entity started to be used;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="usage.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that describe the modalities of usage of this entity by this activity.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+<p>
+A reference to a given entity MAY appear in multiple usages that share
+ a given activity identifier.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class='anexample'>
+<p>The following usages</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ used(a1,e1,2011-11-16T16:00:00,[ex:parameter="p1"])
+ used(a1,e2,2011-11-16T16:00:01,[ex:parameter="p2"])
+</pre>
+<p>state that the activity identified by <span class="name">a1</span> consumed two entities identified by <span
+class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, at times <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> and <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:01</span>, respectively; the first
+one was found as the value of parameter <span class="name">p1</span>, whereas the second was found as value of parameter <span class="name">p2</span>. The semantics of <span
+class="name">parameter</span> is application specific.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class='note'>
+
+
+
+<p>
+A usage record's id is OPTIONAL. It MUST be present when annotating usage records (see Section <a href="#term-annotation">Annotation Record</a>) or when defining precise-1 derivations (see
+<a href="#Derivation-Relation">Derivation</a>).</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="term-Start">
+<h4>Start</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-start"></div>
+
+
+<p>An activity <dfn title="wasStartedBy">start</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasStartedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="start.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the activity start;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="start.activity">activity</span>: an identifier for the started activity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="start.trigger">trigger</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the entity triggering the activity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="start.time">time</span>: the OPTIONAL time at which the activity was started; </li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="start.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs describing modalities according to which the activity was started.
+</ul>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following example contains the description of an activity <span class="name">a1</span> (a discussion), which was started at a specific time, and was triggered by an email message <span class="name">e1</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(e1,[prov:type="email message"])
+activity(a1,[prov:type="Discuss"])
+wasStartedBy(a1,e1,2011-11-16T16:05:00)
+</pre>
+Furthermore, if the activity happens to consume the message content, then the message would also be regarded as an input to the activity, which we describe as follows:
+<pre class="codeexample">
+used(a1,e1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+In the following example, a race is started by a bang, and responsibility for this trigger is attributed to an agent
+ <span class="name">ex:DarthVader</span>.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(ex:foot_race)
+wasStartedBy(ex:foot_race,ex:bang,2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00)
+entity(ex:bang)
+agent(ex:DarthVader)
+wasAttributedTo(ex:foot_race,ex:DarthVader)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>The relations wasStartedBy and used are orthogonal, and thus need to be asserted independently, according to the situation being described.</p>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-End">
+<h4>End</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-end"></div>
+
+
+<p>An activity <dfn title="wasEndedBy">end</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasEndedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="end.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the activity end;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="end.activity">activity</span>: an identifier for the ended activity;
+<li><span class='attribute' id="end.trigger">trigger</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the entity triggering the activity ending;
+<li><span class='attribute' id="end.time">time</span>: the OPTIONAL time at which the activity was ended; </li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="end.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs describing modalities according to which the activity was ended.
+</ul>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following example is a description of an activity <span class="name">a1</span> (editing) that was ended following an approval document <span class="name">e1</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(e1,[prov:type="approval document"])
+activity(a1,[prov:type="Editing"])
+wasEndedBy(a1,e1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="note">
+Constraints need to be added to part II, to ensure that time information on activity matches time information on Start/End.
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-wasInformedBy">
+<h3>Communication</h3>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-communication"></div>
+
+
+<p>A communication implies that activity <span class="name">a2</span> is dependent on another <span class="name">a1</span>, by way of some entity <span class="name">e</span> that is generated by <span class="name">a1</span> and used by <span class="name">a2</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="attributes" id="attributes-wasInformedBy">
+A <dfn title="wasInformedBy">communication</dfn> <span class="withPn">, written as
+<span class="pnExpression">wasInformedBy(id,a2,a1,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> contains:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>informed</span>: the identifier of the informed activity;
+<li><span class='attribute'>informant</span>: the identifier of the informant activity;
+<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe properties of the relation.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<p> Relation <span class="name">wasInformedBy</span> is not transitive.</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+Consider two long running services, which we represent by activities <span class="name">s1</span> and <span class="name">s2</span>.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(s1,,,[prov:type="service"])
+activity(s2,,,[prov:type="service"])
+wasInformedBy(s2,s1)
+</pre>
+The last line indicates that some entity was generated by <span class="name">s1</span> and used by <span class="name">s2</span>.
+</div>
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-wasStartedByActivity">
+<h3>Start by Activity</h3>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-startByActivity"></div>
+
+
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-startByActivity">
+A <dfn title="wasStartedByActivity">start by activity</dfn><span class="withPn">, written as
+<span class="pnExpression">wasStartedByActivity(id, a2, a1, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> contains: </p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="startByActivity.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier of the relation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="startByActivity.started">started</span>: the identifier of the started activity;
+<li><span class='attribute' id="startByActivity.starter">starter</span>: the identifier of the activity that started the other;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="startByActivity.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+Suppose activities <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> are computer processes that are executed on different hosts, and that <span class="name">a1</span> started <span class="name">a2</span>. This can be expressed as in the following fragment:</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(a1,t1,t2,[ex:host="server1.example.org",prov:type="workflow"])
+activity(a2,t3,t4,[ex:host="server2.example.org",prov:type="subworkflow"])
+wasStartedByActivity(a2,a1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="component2">
+<h3>Component 2: Agents and Responsibility</h3>
+
+<p>The second component of PROV-DM is concerned with <a title="agent">agents</a> and the notions of
+<a>Attribution</a>, <a>Association</a>, <a>Responsibility</a>, relating agents to entities, activities, and agents, respectively.
+Figure <a href="#figure-component2">figure-component2</a> overviews the second component, with three classes (Entity, Activity, and Agent) and associations between them. So-called "association classes" are used to express ternary relations.
+</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<img src="../images/Agents-Responsibility.png" alt="agents and responsibilities"/>
+<figcaption id="figure-component2">Agents and Responsibilities Component Overview</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+<section id="term-Agent">
+<h3>Agent</h3>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-agent"></div>
+
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-agent">An <dfn title="dfn-agent">agent</dfn><span class="withPn">, noted <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-agent">agent(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-N,</span> contains:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="agent.id>id</span>: an identifier for an agent;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="agent.attributes>attributes</span>: a set of attribute-value pairs representing this agent's situation in the world.
+</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+
+<p>
+From an interoperability perspective, it is useful to define some basic categories of agents since
+it will improve the use of provenance by applications.
+There should be very few of these basic categories to keep the model simple and accessible.
+There are three types of agents in the model since they are common across most anticipated domains of use:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="name">Person</span>: agents of type Person are people.</li>
+<li><span class="name">Organization</span>: agents of type Organization are social institutions such as companies, societies etc.</li>
+<li><span class="name">SoftwareAgent</span>: a software agent is a piece of software. </li>
+</ul>
+<p>These types are mutually exclusive, though they do not cover all kinds of agent. </p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following expression is about an agent identified by <span class="name">e1</span>, which is a person, named Alice, with employee number 1234.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+agent(e1, [ex:employee="1234", ex:name="Alice", prov:type="prov:Person" %% xsd:QName])
+</pre>
+<p>It is optional to specify the type of an agent. When present, it is expressed using the <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute.</p>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-attribution">
+<h3>Attribution</h3>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-attribution"></div>
+
+<p>When an entity <span class="name">e</span> is attributed to agent <span class="name">ag</span>, entity <span class="name">e</span> was generated by some activity <span class="name">a</span>, which in turn was associated to agent <span class="name">ag</span>. Thus, this relation is useful when the activity is not known, or irrelevant.</p>
+
+<p> An <dfn title="wasAttributedTo">attribution relation</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasAttributedTo(id,e,ag,attr)</span> in PROV-N,</span> contains the following elements:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="attribution.id>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the relation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="attribution.entity>entity</span>: an entity identifier;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="attribution.agent>agent</span>: the identifier of the agent whom the entity is ascribed to;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="attribution.attributes>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+Revisiting the example of <a href="#section-example-b">Section 3.2</a>,
+we can ascribe <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> to some agents without having to make an activity explicit.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+agent(ex:Paolo, [ prov:type="Person" ])
+agent(ex:Simon, [ prov:type="Person" ])
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+wasAttributedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:Paolo, [prov:role="editor"])
+wasAttributedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:Simon, [prov:role="contributor"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</section> <!-- end attribution -->
+
+
+<section id="term-ActivityAssociation">
+<h4>Association</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-activityAssociation"></div>
+
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-activity-association">An <dfn title="wasAssociatedWith">activity association</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasAssociatedWith(id,a,ag,pl,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has the following
+constituents:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="association.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the association between an activity and an agent;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="association.activity">activity</span>: an identifier for the activity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="association.agent">agent</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the agent associated with the activity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="association.plan">plan</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the plan adopted by the agent in the context of this activity;
+<li><span class='attribute' id="association.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that describe the modalities of association of this activity with this agent.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+<div class="anexample id="anexample-wasAssociateWith">
+In the following example, a designer and an operator agents are associated with an activity. The designer's goals are achieved by a workflow <span class="name">ex:wf</span>.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(ex:a,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
+agent(ex:ag1,[prov:type="operator"])
+agent(ex:ag2,[prov:type="designer"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a,ex:ag1,[prov:role="loggedInUser", ex:how="webapp"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a,ex:ag2,ex:wf,[prov:role="designer", ex:context="project1"])
+entity(ex:wf,[prov:type="prov:Plan"%% xsd:QName, ex:label="Workflow 1",
+ ex:url="http://example.org/workflow1.bpel" %% xsd:anyURI])
+</pre>
+Since the workflow <span class="name">ex:wf</span> is itself an entity, its provenance can also be expressed in PROV-DM: it can be generated by some activity and derived from other entities,
+for instance.
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-wasAssociateWith-2">
+In some cases, one wants to indicate a plan was followed, without having to specify which agent was involved.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(ex:a,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a,-,ex:wf)
+entity(ex:wf,[prov:type="prov:Plan"%% xsd:QName, ex:label="Workflow 1",
+ ex:url="http://example.org/workflow1.bpel" %% xsd:anyURI])
+</pre>
+In this case, it is assumed that an agent exists, but simply it has not been specified.
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='issue'> The activity association record does not allow for a plan to be asserted without an agent.
+This seems over-restrictive. Discussed in the context of <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/203">ISSUE-203</a>.</div>
+
+
+<div class='issue'> Agents should not be inferred. WasAssociatedWith should also work with entities.
+This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/206">ISSUE-206</a>.</div>
+
+</section> <!-- end wasAssociatedWith -->
+
+<section id="term-responsibility">
+
+<h4>Responsibility</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-responsibility"></div>
+
+<p>PROV-DM offers a mild version of responsibility
+in the form of a relation to represent when an agent acted on another
+agent's behalf. So in the example of someone running a mail program,
+the program is an agent of that activity and the person is also an
+agent of the activity, but we would also add that the mail software
+agent is running on the person's behalf. In the other example, the
+student acted on behalf of his supervisor, who acted on behalf of the
+department chair, who acts on behalf of the university, and all those
+agents are responsible in some way for the activity to take place but
+we do not say explicitly who bears responsibility and to what
+degree. </p>
+
+<p>We could also say that an agent can act on behalf of several other
+agents (a group of agents). This would also make possible to
+indirectly reflect chains of responsibility. This also indirectly
+reflects control without requiring that control is explicitly
+indicated. In some contexts there will be a need to represent
+responsibility explicitly, for example to indicate legal
+responsibility, and that could be added as an extension to this core
+model. Similarly with control, since in particular contexts there
+might be a need to define specific aspects of control that various
+agents exert over a given activity.</p>
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-responsibility-chain">A <dfn title="actedOnBehalfOf">responsibility</dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">actedOnBehalfOf(id,ag2,ag1,a,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has the following constituents:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="responsibility.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the responsibility chain;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="responsibility.subordinate">subordinate</span>: an identifier for the agent associated with an activity, acting on behalf of the responsible
+agent;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="responsibility.responsible">responsible</span>: an identifier for the agent, on behalf of which the subordinate agent acted;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="responsibility.activity">activity</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier of an activity for which the responsibility chain holds;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="responsibility.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that describe the modalities of this relation.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+In the following example, a programmer, a researcher and a funder agents are described. The programmer and researcher are associated with a workflow activity. The programmer acts on behalf
+of the researcher (delegation) encoding the commands specified by the researcher; the researcher acts on behalf of the funder, who has an contractual agreement with the researcher. The terms
+'delegation' and 'contact' used in this example are domain specific.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(a,[prov:type="workflow"])
+agent(ag1,[prov:type="programmer"])
+agent(ag2,[prov:type="researcher"])
+agent(ag3,[prov:type="funder"])
+wasAssociatedWith(a,ag1,[prov:role="loggedInUser"])
+wasAssociatedWith(a,ag2)
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag1,ag2,a,[prov:type="delegation"])
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag2,ag3,a,[prov:type="contract"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>Further considerations:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>If an activity is not specified, then the subordinate agent is considered to act on behalf of
+the responsible agent, in all the activities the subordinate agent is associated with.
+</li>
+</ul>
+</section>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="component3">
+<h3>Component 3: Derivations</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>The third component of PROV-DM is concerned with <a title="derivation">derivations</a> between <a title="entity">entities</a>, and subtypes of derivations <a>Revision</a>, <a>Quotation</a>, <a>Original Source</a>, and <a>Traceability</a>.
+Figure <a href="#figure-component3">figure-component3</a> overviews the third component, with three classes (Entity, Activity, and Agent) and associations between them. So-called "association classes" are used to express n-ary relations.
+</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<img src="../images/Derivation.png" alt="derivation"/>
+<figcaption id="figure-component3">Derivation Component Overview</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+<section id="Derivation-Relation">
+<h4>Derivation</h4>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-derivation"></div>
+
+
+
+
+<p>According to <a href="#conceptualization">Section Overview</a>, for an entity to be transformed from, created from, or resulting from an update to another, there must be some
+underpinning activities performing the necessary actions resulting in such a derivation.
+A derivation can be described at various levels of precision. In its simplest form, derivation relates two entities. Optionally, attributes can be added to describe modalities of derivation. If the derivation is the result of a single known activity, then this activity can also be optionally expressed. And to provide a completely accurate description of derivation, the generation and usage of the generated and used entities, respectively, can be provided. The reason for optional information such as activity, generation, and usage to be linked to derivations is to aid analysis of provenance and to facilitate provenance-based reproducibility. </p>
+
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-derivation">A <dfn title="wasDerivedFrom">derivation</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-wasDerivedFrom">wasDerivedFrom(id, e2, e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> contains:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="derivation.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for a derivation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="derivation.generatedEntity">generatedEntity</span>: the identifier of the entity generated by the derivation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="derivation.usedEntity">usedEntity</span>: the identifier of the entity used by the derivation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="derivation.activity">activity</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the activity using and generating the above entities;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="derivation.generation">generation</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the generation involving the generated entity and activity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="derivation.usage">usage</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the usage involving the used entity and activity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="derivation.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that describe the modalities of this derivation.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<p> Derivation is not defined to be transitive. Domain-specific specializations of derivation may be defined in such a way that the transitivity property
+holds.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following descriptions state the existence of derivations.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:type="physical transform"])
+wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1)
+ wasGeneratedBy(g2,e2,a)
+ used(u1,a,e1)
+</pre>
+<p>
+The first and second lines are about derivations between <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span>, but no information is provided as to the identity of the activity (and usage and generation) underpinning the derivation. In the second line, a type attribute is also provided.</p>
+<p>
+The third description expresses that activity <span class="name">a</span>,
+using the entity <span class="name">e1</span> according to usage <span class="name">u1</span>,
+ derived the
+entity <span class="name">e2</span> and generated it according to generation
+ <span class="name">g2</span>. It is followed by descriptions for generation <span class="name">g2</span> and usage <span class="name">u1</span>. With such a comprehensive description of derivation, a program that analyzes provenance can identify the activity underpinning the derivation, it can identify how the original entity <span class="name">e1</span> was used by the activity (e.g. for instance, which argument it was passed as, if the activity is the result of a function invocation), and which output the derived entity <span class="name">e2</span> was obtained from (say, for a function returning multiple results).</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class='issue'> Emphasize the notion of 'affected by' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/133">ISSUE-133</a>.</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Revision">
+<h3>Revision</h3>
+
+<p><span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-revision"></span></p>
+
+<p> Deciding whether something is made available as a revision of something else usually involves an agent who takes responsibility for approving that the former is a due variant of the latter.
+ The agent who is responsible for the revision may optionally be specified.
+ Revision is a particular case of <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> of an entity into its revised version.</p>
+
+<p> A <dfn title="wasRevisionOf">revision</dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasRevisionOf(id,e2,e1,ag,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="revision.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the relation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="revision.newer">newer</span>: the identifier of the revised entity;
+<li><span class='attribute' id="revision.older">older</span>: the identifier of the older entity;
+<li><span class='attribute' id="revision.responsibility">responsibility</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the agent who approved the newer entity as a variant of the older;
+<li><span class='attribute' id="revision.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of this relation.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-revision">
+<p>
+Revisiting the example of <a href="#section-example-a">Section 3.1</a>,
+we can now state that the report
+ <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is a revision of
+ the report <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</span>, approved by
+agent <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+wasRevisionOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, w3:Consortium)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+</section> <!-- end revision -->
+
+<section id="term-quotation">
+<h3>Quotation</h3>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-quotation"></span>
+</p>
+
+<p>Quotation
+ is a particular case of <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> in which entity <span class="name">e2</span> is derived from an original entity <span class="name">e1</span> by copying, or "quoting", some or all of it.
+ A <dfn title="wasQuotedFrom">quotation</dfn> relation <span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasQuotedFrom(id,e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="quotation.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the relation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="quotation.quote">quote</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e2</span>) for the entity that represents the quote (the partial copy);
+<li><span class='attribute' id="quotation.original">original</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e1</span>) for the original entity being quoted;
+<li><span class='attribute' id="quotation.quoterAgent">quoterAgent</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier (<span class="name">ag2</span>) for the agent who performs the quote;
+<li><span class='attribute' id="quotation.originalAgent">originalAgent</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier (<span class="name">ag1</span>) for the agent to whom the original entity is attributed;
+<li><span class='attribute' id="quotation.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-quotation">
+<p>
+The following paragraph is a quote from one of <a href="http://thinklinks.wordpress.com/2012/03/07/thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/">the author's blogs</a>.
+<blockquote id="paul-quote"><em>
+"During the workshop, it became clear to me that the consensus based models (which are often graphical in nature) can not only be formalized but also be directly connected to these database focused formalizations. I just needed to get over the differences in syntax. This could imply that we could have nice way to trace provenance across systems and through databases and be able to understand the mathematical properties of this interconnection."</em>
+</blockquote>
+<p>If <a href="http://thinklinks.wordpress.com/2012/03/07/thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/"><span class="name">ex:blog</span></a> denotes the original blog by agent <span class="name">ex:Paul</span>, and
+ <a href="#paul-quote"><span class="name">ex:blockquote</span></a> denotes the above paragraph, then the following descriptions express that the above paragraph is copied by agent <span class="name">ex:Luc</a> from a part of the blog, attributed to the agent <span class="name">ex:Paul</a>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(ex:blog)
+agent(ex:Luc)
+agent(ex:Paul)
+wasQuotedFrom(ex:blockQuote,ex:blog,ex:Luc,ex:Paul)
+</pre>
+
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section> <!-- end quotation -->
+
+
+<section id="term-original-source">
+<h3>Original Source</h3>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-original-source"></span>
+</p>
+
+<p>An <dfn>original source relation</dfn> is a particular case of <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a>
+which aims to give
+credit to the source that originated some information. It is recognized that it may be
+hard to determine which entity constitutes an original source. This definition is inspired by
+<tt>orginal-source</tt> as defined in
+<a href="http://googlenewsblog.blogspot.com/2010/11/credit-where-credit-is-due.html">http://googlenewsblog.blogspot.com/2010/11/credit-where-credit-is-due.html<a/>.
+
+
+<p> An <dfn title="hadOriginalSource">original source</dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">hadOriginalSource(id,e2,e1,attrs)</span>,</span> contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="originalSource.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the relation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="originalSource.derived">derived</span>: an identifier for the derived entity; </li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="originalSource.source">source</span>: an identifier for the original source entity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="originalSource.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+Let us consider the current section <a href="#term-original-source"><span class="name">dm:term-original-source</span></a>, and
+the Google page <a href="http://googlenewsblog.blogspot.com/2010/11/credit-where-credit-is-due.html"><span class="name">go:credit-where-credit-is-due.html</span></a>, where the notion was originally described.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(dm:term-original-source)
+entity(go:credit-where-credit-is-due.html)
+hadOriginalSource(dm:term-original-source,go:credit-where-credit-is-due.html)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section> <!-- end original source -->
+
+<section id="term-traceability">
+<h3>Traceability</h3>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-traceability"></span>
+</p>
+
+
+<p> A traceability relation between two entities <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span> is a generic dependency of <span class="name">e2</span>
+on <span class="name">e1</span> that indicates either that <span class="name">e1</span> may have been necessary for <span class="name">e2</span> to be created, or that <span class="name">e1</span> bears
+some responsibility for <span class="name">e2</span>'s existence.
+
+
+<p><dfn title="tracedTo">Traceability</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">tracedTo(id,e2,e1,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="traceability.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="traceability.entity">entity</span>: an identifier identifying an entity;
+<li><span class='attribute' id="traceability.ancestor">ancestor</span>: an identifier identifying an ancestor entity that the former depends on;
+<li><span class='attribute' id="traceability.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe properties of the relation.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>We note that the ancestor is allowed to be an agent since agents are entities. </p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>We refer to the example of <a href="#section-example-a">Section 3.1</a>, and specifically to <a href="#prov-tech-report">Figure prov-tech-report</a>. We can see that there is a path from
+<span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> to
+<span class="name">w3:Consortium</span> or to
+<span class="name">pr:rec-advance</span>. This is expressed as follows.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ tracedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,w3:Consortium)
+ tracedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,pr:rec-advance)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>
+<a>Derivation</a> and <a>association</a> are particular cases of traceability.
+</p>
+
+
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="component4">
+<h3>Component 4: Alternate Entities</h3>
+
+
+<p>The fourth component of PROV-DM is concerned with relations <a>alternate</a> and <a>specialization</a> between entities.
+Figure <a href="#figure-component4">figure-component4</a> overviews the component.
+</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<img src="../images/Alternates.png" alt="alternates"/>
+<figcaption id="figure-component4">Alternates Component Overview</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>This component consists of relations between two entities that refer to the same thing in the world.
+Consider for example three entities:
+</p>
+<ul>
+ <li><span class="name">e1</span> denoting "Bob, the holder of Facebook account ABC",
+
+ <li><span class="name">e2</span> denoting "Bob, the holder of Twitter account XYZ",
+
+ <li><span class="name">e3</span> denoting "Bob, the person".
+</ul>
+
+<p>These entities refer to the same real person Bob, either in different contexts, or at different levels of abstraction. Specifically:
+
+
+<ol>
+ <li><span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span> refer to Bob in two contexts (as Facebook and Twitter users, respectively)
+ <li> both of <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span> are more detailed than <span class="name">e3</span>.
+</ol>
+
+
+
+
+
+<p>The following two relations are introduced for expressing alternative or specialized entities. </p>
+
+<section id="term-alternate">
+
+<h4>Alternate</h4>
+
+<div class="note">To define</div>
+
+
+<span class="glossary" id="glossary-alternate">
+An entity is <dfn id="concept-alternate">alternate</dfn> of another if they refer to a same thing.
+</span>
+
+
+
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-alternate">An <dfn title="alternateOf">alternate relation</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">alternateOf(alt1, alt2)</span> in PROV-N,</span> addresses case (1). It has the following constituents:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="alternate.firstAlternate">firstAlternate</span>: an identifier of the first of the two entities;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="alternate.secondAlternate">secondAlternate</span>: an identifier of the second of the two entities.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-alternate">
+<p>The following expressions describe two persons, respectively holder of a Facebook account and a Twitter account, and their relation as alternate. </p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(facebook:ABC, [ prov:type="person with Facebook account " ])
+entity(twitter:XYZ, [ prov:type="person with Twitter account" ])
+alternateOf(facebook:ABC, twitter:XYZ)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-specialization">
+
+<h4>Specialization</h4>
+
+<div class="note">To define</div>
+
+<span class="glossary" id="glossary-specialization">
+An entity is a <dfn id="concept-alternate">specialization</dfn> of another if the latter is a more
+general entity than the former.
+</span>
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="attributes" id="attributes-specialization">A <dfn title="specializationOf">specialization relation</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">specializationOf(sub, super)</span> in PROV-N,</span> addresses case (2). It has the following constituents:
+
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="specialization.specializedEntity">specializedEntity</span>: an identifier of the specialized entity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="specialization.generalEntity">generalEntity</span>: an identifier of the entity that is being specialized.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-specialization">
+<p>The following expressions describe two persons, the second of which is holder of a Twitter account. The second entity is a specialization of the first. </p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(ex:Bob, [ prov:type="person", ex:name="Bob" ])
+entity(twitter:XYZ, [ prov:type="person with Twitter account" ])
+specializationOf(twitter:XYZ, ex:Bob)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<!--
+<p>To promote take up of these relations, it is not specified whether they are transitive or symmetric. We anticipate that applications will specialize these relations according to their needs. </p>
+-->
+
+<div class='issue'>A discussion on alternative definition of these relations has not yet reached a satisfactory conclusion. This is <a
+href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/29">ISSUE-29</a>. Also <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/96">ISSUE-96</a>.</div>
+
+
+</section>
+</section>
+
+<section id="component5">
+<h3>Component 5: Collections</h3>
+
+
+<p><strong>Collection relations and entity types</strong> address the need to describe the evolution of entities that have a collection structure, that is, which may contain other entities. The intent of these relations and entity types is to capture the <em>history of changes that occurred to a collection</em>. Indirectly, such history provides a way to reconstruct, with some limitations discussed <a href="#term-collection-state">below</a>, the contents of a collection entity. Thus, for the purpose of provenance a collection entity is viewed an immutable representation of the state of a collection data structure, following a sequence of insertion and deletion operations.
+
+<br/>A collection entity is an entity that has a logical internal structure consisting of key-value pairs, often referred to as a <strong>map</strong>. This collection type provides a generic indexing structure that can be used to model commonly used data structures, including associative lists (also known as "dictionaries" in some programming languages), relational tables, ordered lists, and more (the specification of such specialized structures in terms of key-value pairs is out of the scope of this document).
+
+<section id="term-collection-types">
+<h3>Collection types</h3>
+
+The following new entity types are introduced:
+
+<ul>
+ <li> <span class="name">prov:Collection</span> denotes an entity of type collection, i.e. an entity that can participate in relations amongst collections;
+
+ <li><span class="name">prov:EmptyCollection</span> denotes an empty collection.
+</ul>
+
+<!--
+In addition, the attribute <span class="name">prov:content</span> is introduced to allow the explicit specification of the collection's content. The example below illustrates the syntax.
+-->
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection
+ entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"]) // c1 is a collection, with unknown content
+<!-- entity(c2, [prov:type="Collection", prov:content="{ ("k1", v1), ("k2", v2), ("k3", v3)} ]) -->
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+</section> <!-- end of collection-types -->
+
+
+<section id="term-collection-insertion">
+<h3>Insertion</h3>
+
+
+<strong>Derivation-by-Insertion</strong> relation <span class="name">derivedByInsertionFrom(c2, c1, {(key_1, value_1), ..., (key_n, value_n)})</span> states that <span class="name">c2</span> is the state of the collection
+following the insertion of the set of pairs <span class="name"> {(key_1, value_1), ..., (key_n, value_n)}</span> into collection <span class="name">c1</span>.
+
+<p> A Derivation-by-Insertion relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression"> derivedByInsertionFrom(id, collAfter, collBefore, key-value-set, attrs)</span>,</span> contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>after</span>: an identifier for the collection <em>after</em> insertion; </li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>before</span>: an identifier for the collection <em>before</em> insertion;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>key-value-set</span>: a set of inserted key-value pairs, of the form {(key_1, value_1), ..., (key_n, value_n)} where each key_i is a value, and value_i is an identifier for the value that has been inserted with the key. This may be an entity identifier;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"]) // c is an empty collection
+ entity(v1)
+ entity(v2)
+ entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"])
+ entity(c2, [prov:type="Collection"])
+
+ derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c, {("k1", v1), ("k2",v2)})
+ derivedByInsertionFrom(c2, c1, {("k3", v3)})
+</pre>
+ From this set of assertions, we conclude:
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+ c = { }
+ c1 = { ("k1",v1),("k2",v2) }
+ c2 = { ("k1",v1),("k2",v2), ("k3", v3) }
+ </pre>
+</div>
+
+</section> <!-- insertion -->
+
+
+<section id="term-collection-removal">
+<h3>Removal</h3>
+
+<strong>Derivation-by-Removal</strong> relation <span class="name">derivedByRemovalFrom(c2,c1, {key_1, ... key_n})</span> states that <span class="name">c2</span> is the state of the collection following the removal of the set of pairs corresponding to keys <span class="name">key_1...key_n</span> from <span class="name">c1</span>.
+
+<p> A Derivation-by-Removal relation, written <span class="pnExpression"> derivedByRemovalFrom(id, collAfter, collBefore, key-set, attrs)</span>, contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>after</span>: an identifier for the collection <em>after</em> the deletion; </li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>before</span>: an identifier for the collection <em>before</em> the deletion;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>key-set</span>: a set of deleted keys, of the form {key_1,..., key_n};</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection
+ entity(v1)
+ entity(v2)
+ entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"])
+ entity(c2, [prov:type="Collection"])
+
+ derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c, {("k1", v1), ("k2",v2)})
+ derivedByInsertionFrom(c2, c1, {("k3", v3)})
+ derivedByRemovalFrom(c3, c2, {k1,k3})
+</pre>
+ From this set of assertions, we conclude:
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+ c = { }
+ c1 = { ("k1",v1), ("k2", v2) }
+ c2 = { ("k1",v1), ("k2", v2), ("k3", v3) }
+ c3 = { ("k2",v2) }
+ </pre>
+
+
+</div>
+
+</section> <!-- removal -->
+
+
+<!--
+<section id="term-collection-bulk">
+<h3>Bulk insertion and removal</h3>
+
+The following relations allow for insertion and removal assertions involving a set of key-value pairs.
+
+<p> A <strong>Derivation-by-Bulk-Insertion</strong> relation <span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression"> derivedByBulkInsertionFrom(id, collAfter, collBefore, key-value-set, attrs)</span>,</span> contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>after</span>: an identifier for the collection <em>after</em> insertion; </li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>before</span>: an identifier for the collection <em>before</em> insertion;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>key-value-set</span>: a set of inserted key-value pairs, of the form {(key_1, value_1), ..., (key_n, value_n)}</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p> A <strong>Derivation-by-Bulk-Removal</strong> relation, written <span class="pnExpression"> derivedByBulkRemovalFrom(id, collAfter, collBefore, key-set, attrs)</span>, contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>after</span>: an identifier for the collection <em>after</em> the deletion; </li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>before</span>: an identifier for the collection <em>before</em> the deletion;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>key-set</span>: a set of deleted keys, of the form {key_1,..., key_n}</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
+</ul>
+
+</section> <!-- bulk ops -->
+
+
+
+<section id="term-collection-containment">
+<h3>Membership</h3>
+
+The insertion and removal relations make insertions and removals explicit as part of the history of a collection. This, however, requires explicit mention of the state of the collection prior to each insertion. The membership relation removes this needs, allowing the state of a collection <span class="name">c</span> to be asserted without having to introduce a prior state. This allows for the natural expression of a collection state, for instance in cases where a program or workflow block produces a new collection <span class="name">c</span> with known content. In such cases,
+<span class="name">memberOf(c,{(key_1, value_1), ..., (key_n, value_n)})</span> asserts that <span class="name">c</span> is known to include <span class="name">{(key_1, value_1), ..., (key_n, value_n)}</span>, without having to introduce an initial state. <br/>
+
+<!--
+This relation is introduced as a convenience, as it can be rewritten as an insertion operation by introducing a prior state: <br/>
+<span class="name">contained(c,k, v)</span> iff there exists a collection <span class="name">c0</span> such that <span class="name">derivedByInsertionFrom(c, c0, k, v)</span>.
+-->
+
+<p> A <strong>Membership</strong> relation, written <span class="pnExpression"> memberOf(id, coll, key-value-set, attrs)</span>, contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>after</span>: an identifier for the collection whose members are asserted; </li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>key-value-set</span>: a set of key-value pairs that are members of the collection, of the form {(key_1, value_1), ..., (key_n, value_n)}</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ entity(c, [prov:type="Collection"]) // e is a collection, with unknown content
+ activity(a)
+ wasGeneratedBy(c,a) // a produced c
+
+ entity(v1)
+ entity(v2)
+ memberOf(c, {("k1", v1), ("k2", v2)} ) // c is contains ("k1", v1), ("k2", v2)
+
+ entity(v2)
+ entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"])
+
+ derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c, {("k3", v3)})
+</pre>
+ From this set of assertions, we conclude:
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+ c contains ("k1", v1), ("k2", v2)
+ c1 contains ("k1", v1), ("k2", v2), ("k3", v3)
+ </pre>
+ Note that the state of <span class="name">c1</span> after these assertions is only partially known, because the initial state of <span class="name">c</span> is unknown. Alternatively, had the first assertion been
+ <span class="name"> entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"])</span>,
+ one would conclude that, based on these assertions, <span class="name">c1 = {("k1", v1) ("k2", v2), ("k3",v3)}</span>.
+</div>
+
+<!--
+<p> A <strong>Bulk-Containment</strong> relation, written <span class="pnExpression"> containedBulk(id, coll, key-value-set, attrs)</span>, contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>after</span>: an identifier for the collection whose members are asserted; </li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>key-value-set</span>: a set of key-value pairs contained in the collection, of the form {(key_1, value_1), ..., (key_n, value_n)}</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"]) // e is a collection, with unknown content
+
+ entity(v1)
+ entity(v2)
+ derivedByBulkInsertionFrom(c1, c, {("k1", v1), ("k2", v2)})
+ derivedByInsertionFrom(c2, c1, "k3", v3)
+ derivedByBulkRemovalFrom(c3, c1, {"k1", "k3"})
+
+ containedBulk(c3, {("k4", v4), ("k5", v5)})
+</pre>
+ From this set of assertions, we conclude:
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+ c = { }
+ c1 = { ("k1", v1) ("k2", v2)}
+ c2 = { ("k1", v1) ("k2", v2), ("k3", v3)}
+ c3 = { ("k2", v2), ("k4", v4), ("k5", v5)}
+ </pre>
+</div>
+-->
+
+
+
+</section> <!-- Containment -->
+
+
+<section id="term-collection-state">
+
+<h3>State of collections and use of weaker <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> relation</h3>
+
+<p>The state of a collection is only known to the extent that a chain of derivations starting from an empty collection can be found. Since a set of assertions regarding a collection's evolution may be incomplete, so is the reconstructed state obtained by querying those assertions. In general, all assertions reflect partial knowledge reagrding a sequence of data transformation events. In the particular case of collection evolution, in which some of the state changes may have been missed, the more generic <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> relation should be used to signal that some updates may have occurred, which cannot be precisely asserted as insertions or removals. The following two examples illustrate this.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ entity(c, [prov:type="collection"]) // c is a collection, possibly not empty
+ entity(v1)
+ entity(v2, [prov:type="collection"]) // v2 is a collection
+
+ derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c, k1, v1)
+ derivedByInsertionFrom(c2, c1, k2, v2)
+ </pre>
+ From this set of assertions, we conclude:
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+ c1 includes (k1,v1) but may contain additional unknown pairs
+ c2 includes (k1,v1), (k2 v2) (and possibly more pairs), where v2 is a collection with unknown state
+ </pre>
+
+ </div>
+ In the example, the state of <span class="name">c2</span> is only partially known because the collection is constructed from partially known other collections.
+
+ <div class="anexample">
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+ entity(c, [prov:type="emptyCollection"]) // c is an empty collection
+ entity(v1)
+ entity(v2)
+ entity(c1, [prov:type="collection"])
+ entity(c2, [prov:type="collection"])
+ entity(c3, [prov:type="collection"])
+
+ derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c, k1, v1)
+ wasDerivedFrom(c2, c1)
+ derivedByInsertionFrom(c3, c2, k2, v2)
+ </pre>
+ From this set of assertions, we conclude:
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+ c1 = { (k1,v1) }
+ c2 is somehow derived from c1, but the precise sequence of updates is unknown
+ c3 includes (k2 v2) but the earlier "gap" leaves uncertainty regarding (k1,v1) <br/> (it may have been removed) or any other pair that may have been added as part of the derivation activities.
+ </pre>
+ </div>
+
+Further considerations: <p/>
+
+<ul>
+<li>In Key-Value pairs, Keys are <a href="#term-value">values</a>, and Values are entities. This allows expressing nested collections, that is, collections whose values include entities of type collection.</li>
+
+<li>As the relation names suggest, insertion and removal relations are a particular case of <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a>.</li>
+
+
+
+<li>The state of a collection (i.e., the set of key-value pairs it contains) at a given point in a sequence of operations is never stated explicitly. Rather, it can be obtained by querying the chain of derivations involving insertions and removals. Entity type <span class="name">emptyCollection</span> can be used in this context as it marks the start of a sequence of collection operations.</li>
+
+
+<li>The representation of a collection through these relations, makes no assumption regarding the underlying data structure used to store and manage collections. In particular, no assumptions are needed regarding the mutability of a data structure that is subject to updates. Entities, however, are immutable and this applies to those entities that represent collections. This is reflected in the constraints listed in Part II. </li>
+</ul>
+
+
+ </section> <!-- term-collection-state -->
+
+</section> <!-- end collections-->
+
+
+<section id="component6">
+<h3>Component 6: Annotations</h3>
+
+<p>The sixth component of PROV-DM is concerned with <a title="note">notes</a> and <a title="annotation">annotations</a>.
+</p>
+
+
+ <section id="term-note">
+
+<h4>Note</h4>
+
+<p>As provenance descriptions are exchanged between systems, it may be useful to add extra-information to what they are describing. For instance, a "trust service" may add value-judgements about the
+trustworthiness of some of the entities or agents involved. Likewise, an interactive visualization component may want to enrich a set of provenance descriptions with information helping reproduce their
+visual representation. To help with interoperability, PROV-DM introduces a simple annotation mechanism allowing anything that is identifiable to be associated with notes.</p>
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-note">A <dfn>note</dfn><span class="withPn">, noted <span class="pnExpression">note(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-N,</span> contains:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="note.id">id</span>: an identifier for a note;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="note.attributes">attributes</span>: a set of attribute-value pairs, whose meaning is application specific.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+
+
+
+<p>A separate PROV-DM relation is used to associate a note with something that is identifiable (see <a href="#term-annotation">Section on annotation</a>). A given note may be associated with
+multiple identifiable things.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-note1">
+<p>
+The following note consists of a set of application-specific attribute-value pairs, intended
+to help the rendering of what it is associated with, by
+specifying its color and its position on the screen.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+note(ex2:n1,[ex2:color="blue", ex2:screenX=20, ex2:screenY=30])
+hasAnnotation(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex2:n1)
+</pre>
+<p>The note is associated with the entity <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> previously introduced (<a title="annotation">hasAnnotation</a> is
+discussed in Section <a href="#term-annotation">Annotation</a>). The note's identifier and attributes are declared in a separate namespace denoted by prefix <span class="name">ex2</span>.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-note2">
+<p>Alternatively, a reputation service may enrich a provenance record with notes providing reputation ratings about agents. In the following fragment, both agents <span class="name">ex:Simon</span> and <span class="name">ex:Paolo</span> are rated "excellent".</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+note(ex3:n2,[ex3:reputation="excellent"])
+hasAnnotation(ex:Simon,ex3:n2)
+hasAnnotation(ex:Paolo,ex3:n2)
+</pre>
+<p>The note's identifier and attributes are declares in a separate namespace denoted by prefix <span class="name">ex3</span>.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+ </section>
+
+<section id="term-annotation">
+<h4>Annotation</h4>
+
+
+
+<span class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-annotation"></span>
+
+<p>Multiple notes can
+be associated with a given identified object; symmetrically, multiple objects can be associated with a given note. Since notes have identifiers, they can also be
+annotated. The annotation mechanism (with note and annotation) forms a key aspect of the extensibility mechanism of PROV-DM (see <a
+href="#extensibility-section">extensibility section</a>).</p>
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-annotation">An <dfn title="hasAnnotation">annotation relation</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">hasAnnotation(r,n)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has the following constituents:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="annotation.id">something</span>: the identifier of something being annotated;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="annotation.note">note</span>: an identifier of a note.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following expressions</p>
+<pre class="codexample">
+entity(e1,[prov:type="document"])
+entity(e2,[prov:type="document"])
+activity(a,t1,t2)
+used(u1,a,e1,[ex:file="stdin"])
+wasGeneratedBy(e2, a, [ex:file="stdout"])
+
+note(n1,[ex:icon="doc.png"])
+hasAnnotation(e1,n1)
+hasAnnotation(e2,n1)
+
+note(n2,[ex:style="dotted"])
+hasAnnotation(u1,n2)
+</pre>
+<p>describe two documents (attribute-value pair: <span class="name">prov:type="document"</span>) identified by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span
+class="name">e2</span>, and their annotation with a note indicating that the icon (an application specific way of rendering provenance) is <span class="name">doc.png</span>. The example also
+includes an activity, its usage of the first entity, and its generation of the second entity. The <a title="dfn-usage">usage</a> is annotated with a style (an application specific way
+of rendering this edge graphically). To be able to express this annotation, the usage was provided with an identifier <span class="name">u1</span>, which was then referred to in <span
+class="name">hasAnnotation(u1,n2)</span>.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+<section id="second-class-elements">
+<h3>Further Elements of PROV-DM</h3>
+
+This section introduces further elements of PROV-DM.
+
+<section id="term-NamespaceDeclaration">
+<h3>Namespace Declaration</h3>
+
+<p>A PROV-DM <dfn id="dfn-namespace">namespace</dfn> is identified by an IRI reference [[!IRI]]. In PROV-DM, attributes, identifiers, and values with <a title="qualified name">qualified names</a> as data type can be placed in a namespace using the mechanisms described in this specification. </p>
+
+
+<p>A <dfn id="dfn-namespaceDeclaration">namespace declaration</dfn> consists of a binding between a prefix and a namespace. Every qualified name with this prefix in the scope of this
+declaration refers to this namespace.
+A <dfn id="dfn-defaultNamespaceDeclaration">default namespace declaration</dfn> consists of a namespace. Every un-prefixed qualified name in the scope of this default namespace declaration
+refers to this namespace.</p>
+
+<p>The PROV-DM namespace is <span class="name">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-dm/</span> (TBC).</p>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-identifier">
+<h4>Identifier</h4>
+
+<p>
+An <dfn id="dfn-identifier">identifier</dfn> is a <a>qualified
+ name</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+A <dfn id="dfn-qualifiedName">qualified name</dfn> is a name subject to <a>namespace</a> interpretation. It consists of a <a>namespace</a>, denoted by an optional prefix, and a local name.</p>
+
+
+<p>PROV-DM stipulates that a qualified name can be mapped into an IRI
+ by concatenating the IRI associated with the prefix and the local part.</p>
+
+<p>A qualified name's prefix is OPTIONAL. If a prefix occurs in a
+ qualified name, it refers to a <a>namespace</a> declared in a namespace declaration. In the absence of prefix, the qualified name
+ refers to the <a title="default namespace declaration">default namespace</a>.</p>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-attribute">
+<h4>Attribute</h4>
+
+<p>An <dfn title="dfn-attribute">attribute</dfn> is a <a>qualified name</a>.
+
+
+<p>The PROV data model introduces a pre-defined set of attributes in the <a href="#prov-dm-namespace">PROV-DM namespace</a>, which we define below.
+The interpretation of any attribute declared in another namespace is out of scope.</p>
+
+<section id="term-attribute-role">
+<h4>prov:role</h4>
+
+<p>The attribute <dfn title="dfn-role"><span class="name">prov:role</span></dfn> denotes the function of an entity with respect to an activity, in the context of a usage, generation,
+activity association, activity start, and activity end. The attribute <span class="name">prov:role</span> is allowed to occur multiple times in a list of attribute-value pairs. The value associated with a <span
+class="name">prov:role</span> attribute MUST be a PROV-DM <a title="value">Value</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following activity start describes the role of the agent identified by <span class="name">ag</span> in this start relation with activity <span class="name">a</span>. </p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ wasStartedBy(a,ag, [prov:role="program-operator"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-attribute-type">
+<h4>prov:type</h4>
+
+<p>The attribute <dfn title="dfn-type"><span class="name">prov:type</span></dfn> provides further typing information for an element or relation. PROV-DM liberally
+defines a type as a category of things having common characteristics. PROV-DM is agnostic about the representation of types, and only states that
+the value associated with a <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute MUST be a PROV-DM <a title="value">Value.</a> The attribute <span class="name">prov:type</span>
+is allowed to occur multiple times.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following describes an agent of type software agent.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ agent(ag, [prov:type="prov:SoftwareAgent" %% xsd:QName])
+</pre>
+</div>
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="term-attribute-label">
+<h4>prov:label</h4>
+
+<p> The attribute <dfn title="dfn-label"><span class="name">prov:label</span></dfn> provides a human-readable representation of a PROV-DM element or relation. The value associated with the attribute <span class="name">prov:label</span> MUST be a string.</p>
+
+<div class='issue'>
+ This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/219">ISSUE-219</a>. </div>
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="term-attribute-location">
+<h4>prov:location</h4>
+
+<p>A <dfn title="dfn-Location">location</dfn> can be an identifiable geographic place (ISO 19112), but it can also be a non-geographic place such as a directory, row, or column. As such, there are numerous ways in which location can be expressed, such as by a coordinate,
+address, landmark, and so forth. This document does not specify how to concretely express locations, but instead provide a mechanism to introduce locations, by means of attributes. </p>
+
+
+<p>
+The attribute <dfn title="dfn-location"><span class="name">prov:location</span></dfn> is an OPTIONAL attribute of entity and activity. The value associated with the attribute <span class="name">prov:location</span> MUST be a PROV-DM <a title="value">Value</a>, expected to denote a location.
+</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following expression describes entity Mona Lisa, a painting, with a location attribute. </p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ entity(ex:MonaLisa, [prov:location="Le Louvres, Paris", prov:type="StillImage"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-value">
+<h4>Value</h4>
+
+<p>
+By means of attribute-value pairs, the PROV data model can refer to <dfn title="value">values</dfn> such as strings, numbers, time, qualified names, and IRIs.
+The interpretation of such values is outside the scope of PROV-DM.</p>
+Each kind of such values is called a <em>datatype</em>. Each datatype is identified by an <a>qualified name</a>.</p>
+
+<p>The data types are taken from
+the set of XML Schema Datatypes, version 1.1 [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]] and the RDF specification [[!RDF-CONCEPTS]]. The normative definitions of these datatypes are provided by the respective specifications.
+</p>
+
+<p>We note that PROV-DM <dfn title="dfn-time">time instants</dfn> are defined according to xsd:dateTime [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]].</p>
+
+
+
+<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption>PROV-DM Data Types</caption>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#decimal">xsd:decimal</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#double">xsd:double</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#dateTime">xsd:dateTime</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#integer">xsd:integer</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#float">xsd:float</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#nonNegativeInteger">xsd:nonNegativeInteger</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#string">xsd:string</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#section-XMLLiteral">rdf:XMLLiteral</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#nonPositiveInteger">xsd:nonPositiveInteger</a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#normalizedString">xsd:normalizedString</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#positiveInteger">xsd:positiveInteger</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#token">xsd:token</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#negativeInteger">xsd:negativeInteger</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#language">xsd:language</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#long">xsd:long</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#Name">xsd:Name</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#int">xsd:int</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#NCName">xsd:NCName</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#short">xsd:short</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#NMTOKEN">xsd:NMTOKEN</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#byte">xsd:byte</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#boolean">xsd:boolean</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedLong">xsd:unsignedLong</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#hexBinary">xsd:hexBinary</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedInt">xsd:unsignedInt</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#base64Binary">xsd:base64Binary</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedShort">xsd:unsignedShort</a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#anyURI">xsd:anyURI</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedByte">xsd:unsignedByte</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#anyURI">xsd:QName</a></td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-value">
+<p>
+The following examples respectively are the string "abc", the string "abc", the integer number 1, and the IRI "http://example.org/foo".
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ "abc"
+ 1
+ "http://example.org/foo" %% xsd:anyURI
+</pre>
+<p>The following example shows a value of type <span class="name">xsd:QName</span> (see
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-2-20041028/#QName">QName</a> [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]]).
+The prefix <span class="name">ex</span> MUST be bound to a <a>namespace</a> declared in a <a>namespace declaration</a>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ "ex:value" %% xsd:QName
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-time">
+<p>
+In the following example, the generation time of entity <span class="name">e1</span> is expressed according to
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#dateTime">xsd:dateTime</a> [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]].</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ wasGeneratedBy(e1,a1, 2001-10-26T21:32:52)
+</pre>
+</section>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+<!-- end sec. 5 -->
+
+ <section id="extensibility-section">
+<h2>PROV-DM Extensibility Points</h2>
+
+
+<p>The PROV data model provides several extensibility points that allow designers to specialize it to specific applications or domains. We summarize these extensibility points here:
+
+<ul>
+<li> Attributes occur in all elements and relations of the data model. Applications are free to introduce
+application-specific attributes, according to their perspective on the world. Attributes for a given application can be distinguished by qualifying them with a prefix denoting a namespace
+declared in a namespace declaration.
+
+<p>The <a href="#prov-dm-namespace">PROV-DM namespace</a> declares a set of reserved attributes catering for extensibility: <span class="name">type</span>, <span
+class="name">location</span>.</li>
+
+
+<li> Sets of Attribute-value pairs offer a mechanism to
+describe modalities of use, generation, activity association, and responsibility chain.
+Such attributes are also qualified by namespaces.
+
+<p>To this end, the <a href="#prov-dm-namespace">PROV-DM namespace</a> declares a reserved attribute: <span class="name">role</span>.</p></li>
+
+
+<li>Notes allow arbitrary metadata to be associated with anything identifiable in PROV-DM. Notes consist of name-value pairs. Like attributes, names are qualified by a
+namespace.</li>
+
+
+<li>Namespaces allow attributes and names to be qualified. </li>
+
+<li>Sub-typing of elements and relations is allowed by means of the reserved attribute <span class="name">type</span>.</li>
+
+<li>Domain specific values can be expressed by means of typed values. </li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The PROV data model is designed to be application and technology independent, but specializations of PROV-DM are welcome and encouraged. To ensure interoperability, specializations of
+the PROV data model that exploit the extensibility points summarized in this section MUST preserve the semantics specified in the PROV-DM documents (part 1 to 3). </p>
+
+
+
+ </section>
+
+
+
+<section id="FurtherConsiderations">
+<h4>Data Model Constraints</h4>
+
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>This specification defines PROV-DM, a data model that allows
+descriptions of the people, institutions, entities, and activities,
+involved in producing, influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a
+thing to be expressed. However, with this data model, it is also possible to compose
+descriptions that would not make sense: for instance, one could
+express that an entity was used before it was generated, or that the
+activity that generated an entity began its existence after the entity
+generation. A set of consistency constraints have been defined for PROV-DM and
+can be found in a companion specification [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]].
+They can be used by asserters as a guideline for composing provenance descriptions that are consistent, and
+by implementers of reasoning engines. </li>
+
+
+
+<li>
+<p> The example of <a href="#prov-dm-example">section 3</a> contains identifiers such as <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span>, which denotes a specific version of a technical report. On the other hand, a URI such as <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a> points to the latest version of a document. One needs to ensure that provenance descriptions for the latter document remain valid as denoted resources change. </p>
+
+<p>To this end, PROV-DM allows asserters to describe "<em>partial states</em>" of entities by means of attributes and associated values. Some further constraints apply to the use of these attributes, since the values associated with them are expected to remain unchanged for some period of time. The constraints associated to attributes are also specified in the companion specification [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]].</p>
+
+
+</li>
+
+
+<li>The existence of some mechanism(s) by which a set of provenance descriptions can be bundled up and named is assumed. No such mechanism is considered as mature for standardization, and therefore such mechanisms remain outside the scope of PROV-DM. Various ways of achieving this functionality exist, for instance, by:
+<ul>
+<li> bundling up a set of descriptions in a file and exposing it as a Web resource;</li>
+<li> relying on specific serializations to name bundles of descriptions;</li>
+<li> using the idea of a service that is capable of associating provenance descriptions to whom they are attributed to.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Even though a mechanism for blundling up provenance descriptions and naming them is not part of PROV-DM, the idea of a bundle of descriptions is crucial to the PROV approach. Indeed, it allows multiple provenance perspectives to be provided for a given entity. It is also the mechanism by which provenance of provenance can be expressed. Such a named bundle is being referred to as an <dfn>account</dfn> and is regarded as an <a title="concept-accountEntity">AccountEntity</a> so that its provenance can be expressed. The notion of account is specified in the companion specification [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]], as well as constraint that <dfn>structurally well-formed</dfn> descriptions are expected to satisfy.</p>
+</li>
+
+
+</ul>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<div id="glossary_div" class="remove">
+<!-- glossary loaded from glossary.js will be hooked up here,
+ class remove, will remove this element from the final output.
+-->
+</div>
+
+ </body>
+</html>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/wd5/wd5-prov-dm-constraints-revised.html Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,2315 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+
+<html><head>
+ <title>Constraints of the Provenance Data Model</title>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
+ <!--
+ === NOTA BENE ===
+ For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
+ out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
+ -->
+<!-- PM -->
+ <style type="text/css">
+ .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
+ </style>
+
+ <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
+
+ <script class="remove">
+ var addExtraReferences = function() {
+ for (var k in extraReferences)
+ berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
+ };
+ var extraReferences = {
+ "CLOCK":
+ "Lamport, L. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
+ "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
+ "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
+ "CSP":
+ "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
+ "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
+ "Logic":
+ "W. E. Johnson"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
+ "1924. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
+ "PROV-SEM":
+ "James Cheney "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Work in progress. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
+
+ "PROV-PRIMER":
+ "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-DM":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-N":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\"><cite>PROV-N ....</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-O":
+ "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-AQ":
+ "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
+ };
+ var respecConfig = {
+ // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
+ specStatus: "ED",
+
+ // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
+ shortName: "prov-constraints",
+
+ // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
+ // formal title, define it here
+ subtitle : "WD5, being updated following internal review",
+
+ // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
+ //publishDate: "2012-02-01",
+
+ // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
+ // the start date here:
+ copyrightStart: "2011",
+
+ // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
+ // and its maturity status
+ //previousPublishDate: "2012-02-02",
+ //previousMaturity: "WD",
+
+ // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
+ edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/working-copy/wd5-prov-dm-constraints-revised.html",
+
+ // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
+ // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
+
+ // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
+ // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
+ extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "../extra.css"],
+
+ // editors, add as many as you like
+ // only "name" is required
+ editors: [
+ { name: "James Cheney", url:
+ "http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jcheney", company:
+ "University of Edinburgh" },
+ { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
+ company: "Newcastle University" },
+ { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
+ company: "University of Southampton" },
+ ],
+
+ // authors, add as many as you like.
+ // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
+ // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
+
+ //authors: ,
+// authors: [
+// { name: "TBD" },
+// ],
+
+ // name of the WG
+ wg: "Provenance Working Group",
+
+ // URI of the public WG page
+ wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
+
+ // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
+ wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
+
+ // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
+ // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
+ // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
+ // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
+ // Team Contact.
+ wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
+
+ // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
+ preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
+ };
+ </script>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+
+ <section id="abstract">
+<p>
+PROV-DM, the PROV data model, is a data model for provenance that describes
+the entities, people and activities involved in
+producing a piece of data or thing.
+PROV-DM is structured in six components, dealing with:
+(1) entities and activities, and the time at which they were created, used, or ended;
+(2) agents bearing responsibility for entities that were generated and activities that happened;
+(3) derivations of entities from entities;
+(4) properties to link entities that refer to a same thing;
+(5) collections forming a logical structure for its members;
+(6) a simple annotation mechanism.
+</p>
+
+
+<p> This document introduces a further set of concepts useful for
+ understanding the PROV data model and defines <i>inferences</i>
+ that are allowed on provenance descriptions and <i>validity
+ constraints</i> that well-structured provenance descriptions should
+ follow. These inferences and constraints are useful for readers who
+ develop applications that generate provenance or reason over
+ provenance.
+</p>
+</section>
+
+<section id="sotd">
+<h4>PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
+This document is part of the PROV family of specifications, a set of specifications defining various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
+interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. The specifications are:
+<ul>
+<li> PROV-DM, the PROV data model for provenance;</li>
+<li> PROV-CONSTRAINTS, a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model (this document);</li>
+<li> PROV-N, a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption;</li>
+<li> PROV-O, the PROV ontology, an OWL-RL ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF;</li>
+<li> PROV-AQ, the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance; </li>
+<li> PROV-PRIMER, a primer for the PROV data model;</li>
+<li> PROV-SEM, a formal semantics for the PROV data model;</li>
+<li> PROV-XML, an XML schema for the PROV data model.</li>
+</ul>
+<h4>How to read the PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>The primer is the entry point to PROV offering an introduction to the provenance model.</li>
+<li>The Linked Data and Semantic Web community should focus on PROV-O defining PROV classes and properties specified in an OWL-RL ontology. For further details, PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS specify the constraints applicable to the data model, and its interpretation. PROV-SEM provides a mathematical semantics.</li>
+<li>The XML community should focus on PROV-XML defining an XML schema for PROV-DM. Further details can also be found in PROV-DM, PROV-CONSTRAINTS, and PROV-SEM.</li>
+<li>Developers seeking to retrieve or publish provenance should focus on PROV-AQ.</li>
+<li>Readers seeking to implement other PROV serializations
+should focus on PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS. PROV-O, PROV-N, PROV-XML offer examples of mapping to RDF, text, and XML, respectively.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h4>First Public Working Draft</h4>
+ <p>This is the first public release of the PROV-CONSTRAINTS
+document. Following feedback, the Working Group has decided to
+reorganize the PROV-DM document substantially, separating the data model,
+from its constraints, and the notation used to illustrate it. The
+PROV-CONSTRAINTS release is synchronized with the release of the PROV-DM, PROV-O,
+PROV-PRIMER, and PROV-N documents.
+</p>
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+ <section id="introduction">
+ <h2>Introduction<br>
+</h2>
+
+<p> Provenance is a record that describes the people, institutions,
+ entities, and activities, involved in producing, influencing, or
+ delivering a piece of data or a thing. This document complements
+ the PROV-DM specification [[PROV-DM]] that defines a data model for
+ provenance on the Web. </p>
+
+
+
+ <section id="conventions">
+<h3>Conventions</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
+ NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
+ "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
+ [[!RFC2119]].</p>
+ </section>
+
+
+<section id="purpose">
+
+<h3>Purpose of this document</h3>
+
+<p> PROV-DM is a conceptual data model for provenance (realizable
+using different serializations such as PROV-N, PROV-O, or PROV-XML).
+However, nothing in the PROV-DM specification [[PROV-DM]] forces PROV
+descriptions to be meaningful, that is, to correspond to a consistent
+history of objects and interactions. Furthermore, nothing in the
+PROV-DM specification enables applications to perform inferences over
+provenance descriptions. </p>
+
+<p> This document specifies <em>inferences</em> over PROV descriptions that
+applications MAY employ, including definitions of some provenance
+descriptions in terms of others, and also defines a class of <em>valid</em>
+PROV descriptions by specifying <em>constraints</em> that valid PROV descriptions must
+satisfy. Applications SHOULD produce valid provenance and
+MAY reject provenance that is not valid in order to increase
+the usefulness of provenance and reliability of applications that
+process it.</p>
+
+<p> This specification lists inferences and definitions together in one
+section (<a href="#inferences" class="sectionRef"></a>), defines the
+induced notion of <a>equivalence</a> (<a href="#equivalence"
+class="sectionRef"></a>), and then
+considers two kinds of validity constraints (<a href="#constraints"
+class="sectionRef"></a>): <em>structural constraints</em> that
+prescribe properties of PROV descriptions that can be checked directly
+by inspecting the syntax, and <em>event ordering</em> constraints that
+require that the records in a <a>PROV description</a> are consistent with a
+sensible ordering of events relating the activities, entities and
+agents involved. In separate sections we consider additional
+constraints specific to collections and accounts (<a
+ href="#collection-constraints" class="sectionRef"></a> and <a
+ href="#account-constraints" class="sectionRef"></a>). </p>
+
+<div class="note">Question to James: The term 'PROV Instance' seems to have a precise meaning. I read this as a PROV Description Set. Should we define it? Every where it occurs, there is a link to its first occurrence.</div>
+
+<p>
+The specification also describes how the inferences, definitions, and
+constraints should be used (<a href="#compliance"
+class="sectionRef"></a>). Briefly, a PROV compliant application is
+allowed (but not required) to treat two PROV descriptions the same
+if they are equal after applying the inference rules and possibly
+reordering expressions, and we can define a canonical form for <a title="PROV instance">PROV
+instances</a> obtained by applying all possible inference rules. In
+addition, a validating PROV application is required to check that
+the constraints are satisfied in (the normal form of) provenance data generated or consumed by the application.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Finally, the specification includes a section (<a
+ href="#rationale" class="sectionRef"></a>) describing the rationale
+for the inferences and constraints in greater detail, particularly
+background on events, attributes, the role of inference, and
+accounts. A formal mathematical model that further justifies the
+constraints and inferences is found in [[PROV-SEM]].
+</p>
+
+</section>
+<section id="audience">
+<h3> Audience </h3>
+
+<p> The audience for this document is the same as for [[PROV-DM]]: developers
+and users who wish to create, process, share or integrate provenance
+records on the (Semantic) Web. Not all PROV-compliant applications
+need to check validity when processing provenance, but many
+applications could benefit from the inference rules specified here.
+Conversely, applications that create or transform provenance should
+try to produce valid provenance, to make it more useful to other
+applications.
+</p>
+
+<p>This document assumes familiarity with [[PROV-DM]].
+</p>
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+<section id="inferences">
+<h2>Inferences and Definitions</h2>
+
+<p>
+In this section, we describe <a title="inference">inferences</a> and <a title="definition">definitions</a> that MAY be used on
+ provenance data, and a notion of <a
+title="equivalence">equivalence</a> on PROV descriptions.
+An <dfn id="inference">inference</dfn> is a rule that can be applied
+ to PROV descriptions to add new PROV expressions. A <dfn
+ id="definition">definition</dfn> is a rule that states that a
+ provenance expression is equivalent to some other expressions; thus,
+ defined provenance expressions can be replaced by their definitions,
+and vice versa.
+</p>
+
+<p> Inferences have the following general form:</p>
+<div class='inference' id='inference-example'>
+ <span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">hyp_1</span> and ... and
+<span class="name">hyp_k</span> <span class='conditional'>THEN</span>
+ there exists <span class="name">a_1</span> and ... and <span
+ class="name">a_m</span> such that <span
+ class="name">conclusion_1</span> and ... and <span class="name">conclusion_n</span>.
+ </div>
+
+<p>
+ This means that if all of the provenance expressions matching <span class="name">hyp_1</span>... <span class="name">hyp_k</span>
+ can be found in a PROV description, we can add all of the expressions
+ <span class="name">concl_1</span> ... <span class="name">concl_n</span> to the instance, possibly after generating fresh
+ identifiers <span class="name">a_1</span>,...,<span class="name">a_m</span> for unknown objects. These fresh
+ identifiers might later be found to be equal to known identifiers;
+ these fresh identifiers play a similar role in PROV descriptions to existential variables in logic.
+</p>
+<div class='note'>
+ TODO: Is this re-inventing blank nodes in PROV-DM, and do we want to
+ do this? A lot of the inferences have existentially quantified
+ conclusions (and there is some theory that supports this).
+
+ TODO: Make sure conjunctive reading of conclusion is clear.
+ </div>
+
+<p> Definitions have the following general form:</p>
+
+<div class='definition' id='definition-example'>
+ <span class="name">defined_exp</span> holds <span class='conditional'>IF AND ONLY IF </span>
+ there exists <span class="name">a_1</span>,..., <span
+ class="name">a_m</span> such that <span
+ class="name">defining_exp_1</span> and ... and <span class="name">defining_exp_n</span>.
+ </div>
+
+ <p>
+ This means that a provenance expression defined_exp is defined in
+ terms of other expressions. This can be viewed as a two-way
+ inference: If <span class="name">defined_exp</span>
+ can be found in a PROV description, we can add all of the expressions
+<span class="name">defining_exp_1</span> ... <span class="name">defining_exp_n</span> to the instance, possibly after generating fresh
+ identifiers <span class="name">a_1</span>,...,<span class="name">a_m</span> for unknown objects. Conversely, if there
+ exist identifiers <span class="name">a_1</span>...<span class="name">a_m</span> such that <span class="name">defining_exp_1</span>
+ and ... and <span class="name">defining_exp_n</span> hold in the instance, we can add the defined
+ expression <span class="name">def_exp</span>. When an expression is defined in terms of
+ others, it is in a sense redundant; it is safe to replace it with
+ its definition.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<section>
+ <h3>Component 1: Entities and Activities</h3>
+
+
+<p>Communication between activities is <a title="definition">defined</a> in terms
+as the existence of an underlying entity generated by one activity and used by the
+other.</p>
+
+<div class='definition' id='wasInformedBy-definition'>Given two activities identified by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>,
+<span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span>
+holds <span class='conditional'>IF AND ONLY IF</span>
+ there is an entity with some identifier <span class="name">e</span> and some sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs1</span> and <span class="name">attrs2</span>,
+such that <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(-,e,a1,-,attrs1)</span> and <span class="name">used(-,a2,e,-,attrs2)</span> hold.
+</div>
+
+<p>The relationship <span class="name">wasInformedBy</span> is not
+transitive. Indeed, consider the following descriptions.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasInformedBy(a2,a1)
+wasInformedBy(a3,a2)
+</pre>
+<p> We cannot infer <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a3,a1)</span> from these expressions. Indeed,
+from
+<span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span>, we know that there exists <span class="name">e1</span> such that <span class="name">e1</span> was generated by <span class="name">a1</span>
+and used by <span class="name">a2</span>. Likewise, from <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a3,a2)</span>, we know that there exists <span class="name">e2</span> such that <span
+class="name">e2</span> was generated by <span class="name">a2</span> and used by <span class="name">a3</span>. The following illustration shows a case for which transitivity cannot hold. The
+horizontal axis represents the event line. We see that <span class="name">e1</span> was generated after <span class="name">e2</span> was used. Furthermore, the illustration also shows that
+<span class="name">a3</span> completes before <span class="name">a1</span>. So it is impossible for <span class="name">a3</span> to have used an entity generated by <span
+class="name">a1</span>.</p>
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<img src="images/informedByNonTransitive.png" alt="non transitivity of wasInformedBy" />
+<figcaption>Counter-example for transitivity of wasInformedBy</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Start of <span class="name">a2</span> by activity <span
+class="name">a1</span> is <a title="definition">defined</a> as follows.</p>
+
+<div class='definition' id='wasStartedByActivity-definition'>Given two activities with identifiers <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>,
+ <span class="name">wasStartedByActivity(a2,a1)</span>
+holds <span class='conditional'>IF AND ONLY IF</span>
+ there exists an entity <span class="name">e</span>
+such that
+ <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(-,e,a1,-,-)</span>
+ and <span class="name">wasStartedBy(-,a2,e,-,-)</span> hold.
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section >
+<h3>Component 2: Agents</h3>
+
+Attribution identifies an agent as responsible for an entity. An
+agent can only be responsible for an entity if it was associated with
+an activity that generated the entity. If the activity, generation
+and association events are not explicit in the description, they can
+be inferred.
+<div class='inference' id='attribution-implication'>
+<span class='conditional'>If</span>
+<span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e,ag)</span> holds for some identifiers
+<span class="name">e</span> and <span class="name">ag</span>,
+<span class='conditional'>THEN</span> there exists an activity with some identifier <span class="name">a</span> such that the following statements hold:
+<pre>
+activity(a, -, -,-)
+wasGeneratedBy(-,e, a, -,_)
+wasAssociatedWith(-,a, ag, -, -)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p> Responsibility relates agents where one agent acts on behalf of
+another, in the context of some activity. The supervising agent
+delegates some responsibility for part of the activity to the
+subordinate agent, while retaining some responsibility for the overall
+activity. </p>
+
+
+<div class="note">
+ @@TODO: Could this be an inference? Does it imply that
+ a1 is associated with all activities a2 is associated with?
+ </div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+ <section>
+<h3>Component 3: Derivations</h3>
+
+
+ <p>Derivations with an explicit activity and no usage admit the
+ following inference: </p>
+<div class='inference' id='derivation-use'>
+<p>Given an activity <span class="name">a</span>, entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>,
+<span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(-,e2,e1, a, -)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(-,e2,a,-,-)</span> hold, <span
+class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">used(-,a,e1,-,-)</span> also holds.
+</div>
+<p>This inference is justified by the fact that the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span> is generated by at most one activity in a given account
+(see <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a>). Hence, this activity is also the one referred to by the usage of <span class="name">e1</span>.
+</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+ There is some redundancy in the following discussion.
+ </div>
+
+<p>The converse inference does not hold.
+From <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> and <span class="name">used(a,e1,-)</span>, one cannot
+derive <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,-)</span> because identifier <span class="name">e1</span> may occur in usages performed by many activities, which may have not generated the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span>.</p>
+
+ <p>
+Note that derivation cannot in general be inferred from the existence
+of related usage and generation events. Indeed, when a generation <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(g, e2, a, -, attrs2)</span>
+<a>precedes</a> <span class="name">used(u, a, e1, -, attrs1)</span>, for
+some <span class="name">e1</span>, <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="name">attrs1</span>, <span class="name">attrs2</span>, and <span class="name">a</span>, one
+cannot infer derivation <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g, u)</span>
+or <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> since
+ <span class="name">e2</span> cannot possibly be derived from
+ <span class="name">e1</span>, given the creation of <span class="name">e2</span> <a>precedes</a> the use
+of <span class="name">e1</span>. That is, if <span class="name">e1</span> is generated
+by an activity before <span class="name">e2</span> is used, then
+obviously <span class="name">e2</span> cannot have been derived from
+<span class="name">e1</span>. However, even if <span
+class="name">e2</span> happens used before <span class="name">e1</span>
+is generated, it is not safe to assume that <span
+class="name">e2</span> was derived from <span class="name">e1</span>.
+</p>
+
+<p> Derivation is not defined to be transitive. Domain-specific specializations of derivation may be defined in such a way that the transitivity property
+holds.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<p>A revision admits the following inference, linking the two entities
+ by a derivation, and stating them to be alternates.</p>
+
+<div class='inference' id='wasRevision'>
+Given two identifiers <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span> identifying two entities, and an identifier <span class="name">ag</span> identifying an agent,
+<span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">wasRevisionOf(-,e2,e1,ag)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> the following
+hold:
+<pre>
+wasDerivedFrom(-,e2,e1,-)
+alternateOf(e1,e2)
+wasAttributedTo(e2,ag)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="note">
+ The following doesn't make sense because wasRevisionOf and
+ wasDerivedFrom have different types.
+ </div>
+<p><span class="name">wasRevisionOf</span> is a strict sub-relation
+ of <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom</span> since two entities <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span>
+ may satisfy <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> without being a variant of
+ each other.
+</p>
+
+
+ <div class="note">
+ Motivation for quotation inference
+ </div>
+<div class='inference' id='quotation-implication'>
+<span class='conditional'>IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasQuotedFrom(e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</span> holds for some identifiers
+<span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="name">e1</span>, <span class="name">ag2</span>, <span class="name">ag1</span>,
+<span class='conditional'>THEN</span> the following hold:
+<pre>
+wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)
+wasAttributedTo(e2,ag2)
+wasAttributedTo(e1,ag1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+
+
+
+<p>Traceability allows an entity to be transitively linked to another entity it is derived from, to an agent it is attributed to, or another agent having some responsibility, or a trigger of an activity that generated it.</p>
+
+<p>Traceability can be inferred from existing descriptions, or can be asserted stating that a dependency path exists without its individual steps being expressed. This is captured
+by the following inferences:
+
+<div class='inference' id='traceability-inference'>
+Given two identifiers <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span> for entities,
+the following statements hold:
+
+<ol>
+<li><span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1)</span> holds, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">g2</span>, <span
+class="name">u1</span>, <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds.</li>
+<li><span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also
+holds.</li>
+<li><span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span
+class="name">wasAttributedTo(e2,ag1,aAttr)</span> holds, <span
+class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span
+class="name">tracedTo(e2,ag1)</span> also holds.
+</li>
+<li>
+<span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e2,ag2,aAttr)</span>, <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(-,e2,a,-,gAttr)</span>, and <span
+class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(ag2,ag1,a,rAttr)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">ag2</span>, <span class="name">ag1</span>, <span class="name">aAttr</span>, <span class="name">gAttr</span>, and <span class="name">rAttr</span>, <span
+class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,ag1)</span> also holds.</li>
+
+<li><span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span
+class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr)</span> and <span
+class="name">wasStartedBy(a,e1,sAttr)</span> hold, for some <span
+class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">gAttr</span> , <span
+class="name">sAttr</span> then <span
+class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> holds.</li>
+<li><span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e)</span> and <span class="name">tracedTo(e,e1)</span> hold for some <span class="name">e</span>, <span
+class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds.</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+
+<p>We note that the inference rule <a
+href="#traceability-inference">traceability-inference</a> does not
+allow us to infer anything about the attributes of the related
+entities, agents or events.
+</p>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+ <section>
+<h3>Component 4: Alternate Entities</h3>
+<div class="note">TODO: There is currently no consensus what inferences on
+ alternate or specialization should be assumed. The following
+ section lists possible inferences that may or may not be adopted. Section is under review, pending ISSUE-29.
+</div>
+
+
+ <p>The relation <span class='name'>alternateOf</span> is an equivalence relation: <a>reflexive</a>,
+ <a>transitive</a> and <a>symmetric</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class='inference' id="alternate-reflexive">
+ For any entity <span class='name'>e</span>, we have <span class='name'>alternateOf(e,e)</span>.
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class='inference' id="alternate-transitive">
+ For any entities <span class='name'>e1</span>, <span
+ class='name'>e2</span>, <span class='name'>e3</span>, <span class="conditional">IF</span> <span class='name'>alternateOf(e1,e2)</span> and
+ <span class='name'>alternateOf(e2,e3)</span> <span class="conditional">THEN</span> <span class='name'>alternateOf(e1,e3)</span>.
+ </div>
+ <div class='inference' id="alternate-symmetric">
+ For any entity <span class='name'>e1</span>, <span class='name'>e2</span>, <span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class='name'>alternateOf(e1,e2)</span> <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class='name'>alternateOf(e2,e1)</span>.
+ </div>
+
+<p>Similarly, specialization is a partial order: it is <a>reflexive</a>,
+ <a>anti-symmetric</a> and
+ <a>transitive</a>.</p>
+ <div class='inference' id="specialization-reflexive">
+ For any entity <span class='name'>e</span>, we
+ have <span class='name'>specializationOf(e,e)</span>.
+ </div>
+
+<div class='inference' id="specialization-antisymmetric">
+ For any
+ entities <span class='name'>e1</span>, <span
+ class='name'>e2</span>,
+ <span class='conditional'>IF</span>
+ <span class='name'>specializationOf(e1,e2)</span>
+ and
+ <span class='name'>specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> <span
+ class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class='name'>e1 = e2</span>.
+ </div>
+ <div class='inference' id="specialization-transitive">
+ For any
+ entities <span class='name'>e1</span>, <span class='name'>e2</span>, <span class='name'>e3</span>, <span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class='name'>specializationOf(e1,e2)</span>
+ and
+ <span class='name'>specializationOf(e2,e3)</span> <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class='name'>specializationOf(e1,e3)</span>.
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <p>Finally, if one entity specializes another, then they are also
+ alternates:</p>
+
+ <div class='inference' id="specialization-alternate">
+ For any entities <span class='name'>e1</span>, <span class='name'>e2</span>, <span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class='name'>specializationOf(e1,e2)</span> <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class='name'>alternateOf(e1,e2)</span>.
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class="note">TODO: Possible inferences about attributes,
+ generation, invalidation?
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class="note">
+ The following sections are retained from an older version, and are
+ not consistent with the above constraints. This will be revised
+ once the consensus on ISSUE-29 is clearer.
+ </div>
+
+ <section id="term-Specialization">
+<h3>Specialization</h3>
+
+
+<p>Specialization is <em>neither symmetric nor anti-symmetric</em>.
+</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-not-symmetric">
+"Alice's toyota car on fifth Avenue" is a specialization of "Alice's toyota car", but the converse does not hold.
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-specialization-not-anti-symmetric">
+anti-symmetric counter-example???
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Specialization is <em>transitive</em>. Indeed if <span
+class="name">specializationOf(e1,e2)</span> holds, then there is some
+common thing, say <span class="name">T1-2</span> they both refer to,
+and <span class="name">e1</span> is a more specific aspect of this
+thing than <span class="name">e2</span>. Likewise, if <span
+class="name">specializationOf(e2,e3)</span> holds, then there is some
+common thing, say <span class="name">T2-3</span> they both refer to, and <span class="name">e2</span> is a more specific aspect of this
+thing than <span class="name">e3</span>. The things <span
+class="name">T1-2</span> and <span class="name">T2-3</span> are the
+same since <span class="name">e2</span> is an aspect of both of them,
+so <span
+class="name">specializationOf(e1,e3)</span> follows since <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e3</span>
+are aspects fo the same thing and <span class="name">e1</span> is more specific than <span class="name">e3</span>. </p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-specialization-is-transitive">
+A specialization of "this email message" would be, for example, the "printed version on my desk", which is a specialization of "my thoughts on this email thread". So, the "printed version on my desk" is also a specialization "my thoughts on this email thread".
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Alternate">
+<h3>Alternate</h3>
+</section>
+
+
+<p>Alternate not is <em>reflexive</em>. Indeed, <span class="name">alternate(e,e)</span> does not hold for any arbitrary entity <span class="name">e</span> since <span class="name">e</span> may not be a specialization of another entity.</p>
+
+
+<p>Alternate is <em>symmetric</em>. Indeed, if <span class="name">alternate(e1,e2)</span> holds,
+then there exists an unspecified entity <span class="name">e</span>, such that
+both <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span> are specialization of <span class="name">e</span>.
+Therefore, <span class="name">alternate(e2,e1)</span> also holds.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<p>Alternate is <em>not transitive</em>. Indeed, if <span class="name">alternate(e1,e2)</span> holds,
+then there exists an unspecified entity <span class="name">e1-2</span>, such that
+both <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span> are specialization of <span class="name">e1-2</span>.
+Likewise, if <span class="name">alternate(e2,e3)</span> holds,
+then there exists an unspecified entity <span class="name">e2-3</span>, such that
+both <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e3</span> are specialization of <span class="name">e2-3</span>.
+It does not imply that there is a common entity <span class="name">e1-3</span>
+that both <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e3</span> specialize.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-alternate-not-transitive1">
+<p>At 6pm, the customer in a chair is a woman in a red dress, who happens to be Alice. After she leaves, another customer arrives at 7pm, a man with glasses, who happens to be Bob. Transitivity does not hold since the <span class="name">womanInRedDress\</span> is not alternate of <span class="name">customerInChairAt7pm</span>.
+<pre>
+alternate(womanInRedDress,customerInChairAt6pm)
+specialization(customerInChairAt6pm,Alice)
+specialization(womanInRedDress,Alice)
+
+alternate(manWithGlasses,customerInChairAt7pm)
+specialization(customerInChairAt7pm,Bob)
+specialization(manWithGlasses,Bob)
+
+alternate(customerInChairAt6pm, customerInChairAt7pm)
+specialization(customerInChairAt6pm, customerInChair)
+specialization(customerInChairAt7pm, customerInChair)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>The above example shows that <span class="name">customerInChairAt6pm</span> and <span class="name">customerInChairAt7pm</span> are two alternate entities that have no overlap, while <span class="name">womanInRedDress</span> and <span class="name">customerInChairAt6pm</span> do overlap.
+The following example illustrates another case of non-overlapping alternate entities.
+</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">Two copies of the same book, where copy A was destroyed before copy B was made.</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+ <section id="equivalence">
+<h2>Equivalence</h2>
+
+
+ For the purpose of checking inferences and constraints, we define a
+notion of <a>equivalence</a> of PROV descriptions. Equivalence is
+has the following characteristics:
+
+
+<ul>
+ <li>Missing attributes that are interpreted as omitted values are
+ handled by generating a fresh
+ identifier for the omitted value.
+ </li>
+ <li> Redundant expressions are merged according to uniqueness
+ constraints. </li>
+ <li>
+ The order of provenance expressions is irrelevant to the meaning of a PROV description. That is, a
+ PROV description is equivalent to any other instance obtained by
+ permuting its expressions.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ Inference rules and definitions preserve equivalence. That is, a <a>PROV
+ instance</a> is equivalent to the instance obtained by applying any
+ inference rule.
+ </li>
+ <li>Equivalence is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive.</li>
+</ul>
+
+ <section id="optional-attributes">
+ <h3>Optional Attributes</h3>
+
+<div class="note">
+ TODO: Clarify how optional attributes are handled; clarify merging. The following is
+ not very explicit about the difference between "not present" and
+ "omitted but inferred".
+ </div>
+<div id="optional-attributes1">PROV-DM allows for some attributes to
+ be optionally expressed. Unless otherwise specified, when an
+ optional attribute is not present in a description, some value
+ SHOULD be assumed to exist for this attribute, though it is not
+ known which.
+
+ The only exceptions are:
+ <ul>
+ <li><span id="optional-attributes2">Activities also allow for an
+ optional start time attribute. If both are specified, they MUST be
+ the same, as expressed by the following constraint.</span></li>
+ <li><span id="optional-attributes3">Activities also allow for an optional end time attribute. If both are specified, they MUST be the same, as expressed by the following constraint.</span></li>
+ <li>
+ <div id="optional-attributes6">In a quotation of the form <span class="name">wasQuotedFrom(e2,e1,-,-,attrs)</span>, the absence of an agent means: either no agent exists, or an agent exists but it is not identified.</div>
+</li>
+<li><div id="optional-attributes4">In an association of the form
+ <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a, ag, -, attr)</span>, the
+ absence of a plan means: either no plan exists, or a plan exists but
+ it is not identified.</div></li>
+ <li><div id="optional-attributes5">
+In an association of the form <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a, -, pl, attr)</span>, an agent exists but it is not identified.</div>
+</li>
+<li><div id="optional-activity">
+In a a delegation of the form <span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(a,
+ ag2, ag1, -, attr)</span>, the absence of an activity means that
+ <span class="name">a2</span> acts on behalf of <span
+ class="name">a1</span> for all activities with which <span
+ class="name">a2</span> is
+ associated.
+</div></li>
+ </ul>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="normalization">
+<h3>Normalization</h3>
+
+
+<p>
+We define the <dfn>normal form</dfn> of a PROV description as the set
+of provenance expressions resulting from merging all of the overlapping
+expressions in the instance and applying all possible inference rules
+to this set. Formally, we say that two PROV descriptions are
+<dfn>equivalent</dfn> if they have the same normal form (that is,
+after applying all possible inference rules, the two instances produce
+the same set of PROV-DM expressions.)
+</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+ We should check that normal forms exist, i.e. that applying rules
+ and definitions eventually terminates. More clarity is needed about
+ enforcing uniqueness via merging vs. constraint checking.
+ </div>
+
+<p> An application that processes PROV-DM data SHOULD handle
+equivalent instances in the same way. (Common exceptions to this rule
+include, for example, pretty printers that seek to preserve the
+original order of statements in a file and avoid expanding
+inferences.) </p>
+
+</section>
+
+</section> <!-- inferences -->
+
+<section id="constraints">
+<h2>Validity Constraints</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+This section defines a collection of constraints on PROV descriptions. An PROV description is <dfn id="dfn-valid">valid</dfn>
+ if, after applying all possible inference and definition rules from
+ <a href="#inferences">Section 2</a>, the resulting instance
+ satisfies all of the constraints specified in this section.
+ Applications that process PROV descriptions SHOULD check that the data
+ they generate is <a title="valid">valid</a> and MAY reject input
+ provenance data that is not <a title="valid">valid</a>.
+ </p>
+
+ <p> There are two kinds of constraints:
+ <ul><li><em>uniqueness constraints</em> that say that a <a>PROV
+ instance</a> can contain at most one expression or that multiple
+ expressions about the same objects need to have the same values (for
+ example, if we describe the same generation event twice, then the
+ two expressions should have the same times);
+ </li>
+ <li> and <em>event ordering constraints</em> that say that it
+ should be possible to arrange the
+ events (generation, usage, invalidation, start, end) described in a
+ PROV description into a partial order that corresponds to a sensible
+ "history" (for example, an entity should not be generated after it
+ is used).
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+
+<p>The PROV data model is implicitly based on a notion of <dfn
+ id="dfn-event">instantaneous event</dfn>s (or just <a
+ title="instantaneous event">event</a>s), that mark
+transitions in the world. Events include generation, usage, or
+invalidation of entities, as well as starting or ending of activities. This
+notion of event is not first-class in the data model, but it is useful
+for explaining its other concepts and its semantics [[PROV-SEM]].
+Thus, events help justify <i>inferences</i> on provenance as well as
+<i>validity</i> constraints indicating when provenance is self-consistent. In <a href="#section-event-time" class="sectionRef"></a> we
+discuss the motivation for <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a>
+and their relationship to time in greater detail.</p>
+
+<p> PROV-DM
+identifies five kinds of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a>, namely <a>entity generation
+event</a>, <a>entity usage event</a>, <a>entity invalidation event</a>, <a>activity start event</a>
+and <a>activity end event</a>. PROV-DM adopts Lamport's clock
+assumptions [[CLOCK]] in the form of a reflexive, transitive partial order <a>follows</a>
+(and its inverse <a>precedes</a>) between <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a>. Furthermore,
+PROV-DM assumes the existence of a mapping from <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a> to time clocks,
+though the actual mapping is not in scope of this specification.</p>
+
+
+<div class="note">
+ TODO: More about what it means for constraints to be satisfied;
+ constraint template(s)
+ </div>
+
+ <section id="structural-constraints">
+<h3>Uniqueness Constraints</h3>
+
+<div class="note">
+Attribute uniqueness constraints?
+</div>
+
+ <p> We assume that the various identified objects of PROV-DM have
+ unique expressions describing them within a PROV description.
+ </p>
+ <div class='constraint' id='entity-unique'>
+<p>Given an entity identifier <span class="name">e</span>, there is at
+ most one expression
+<span class="name">entity(e,attrs)</span>, where <span
+ class="name">attrs</span> is some set of attribute-values.</p>
+ </div>
+ <div class='constraint' id='activity-unique'>
+<p>Given an activity identifier <span class="name">a</span>, there is
+ at most one expression
+<span class="name">activity(a,t1,t2,attrs)</span>, where <span
+ class="name">attrs</span> is some set of attribute-values.</p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="note">TODO: Same goes for all other objects:
+ agent, note, generation, usage, invalidation, start, end,
+ communication, start by, attribution, association, responsibility,
+ derivation, revision, quotation. We should find a
+ way of saying this once concisely.
+ </div>
+
+<p>We assume that an entity has exactly one generation and
+invalidation event (either or both may, however, be left implicit).
+So, PROV-DM allows for two distinct <a>generations</a> <span class="name">g1</span> and <span class="name">g2</span> referencing the same entity provided they occur
+<em>simultaneously</em>.
+This implies that the two generation events are actually the same and
+caused by the same <em>activity</em>, though provenance may contain
+several descriptions for the same world activity.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class='constraint' id='generation-uniqueness'>Given an entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span>, two activities denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span
+class="name">a2</span>, two time instants <span class="name">t1</span> and <span
+class="name">t2</span>, and two sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs1</span> and <span class="name">attrs2</span>,
+<span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id1, e, a1, t1, attrs1)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id2, e, a2, t2, attrs2)</span> exist,
+<span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">id1</span>=<span class="name">id2</span>, <span class="name">a1</span>=<span class="name">a2</span>, <span class="name">t1</span>=<span class="name">t2</span> and <span class="name">attrs1</span>=<span class="name">attrs2</span>.
+</div>
+
+<div class="note">
+Wouldn't the above constraint violate uniqueness?
+</div>
+
+<div class="note">
+Invalidation uniqueness?
+</div>
+
+<p>A generation can be used to indicate a generation time without having to specify the involved activity. A generation time is unique, as specified by the following constraint.<p>
+<div class="note">
+Seems redundant given generation-uniqueness
+</div>
+<div class='constraint' id='unique-generation-time'>
+Given an entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span> and
+two time instants <span class="name">t1</span> and <span
+class="name">t2</span>,
+<span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e, -, t1)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e, -, t2)</span> hold, <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">t1</span>=<span class="name">t2</span>.
+</div>
+
+<p>An <a>activity start event</a> is the <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the instant an activity starts. It allows for an optional time attribute. <span id="optional-start-time">Activities also allow for an optional start time attribute. If both are specified, they MUST be the same, as expressed by the following constraint.</span>
+</p>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='unique-startTime'>
+<span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">activity(a,t1,t2,-)</span> and <span class="name">wasStartedBy(id,a,e,t,-)</span>, <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">t</span>=<span class="name">t1</span>.
+</div>
+
+<p>An <a>activity end event</a> is the <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the instant an activity ends. It allows for an optional time attribute. <span id="optional-end-time">Activities also allow for an optional end time attribute. If both are specified, they MUST be the same, as expressed by the following constraint.</span>
+</p>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='unique-endTime'>
+<span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span
+ class="name">activity(a,t1,t2,-)</span> and <span
+ class="name">wasEndedBy(id,a,e,t,-)</span>, <span
+ class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">t</span> = <span class="name">t2</span>.
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section> <!-- uniqueness-constraints-->
+
+<section id="event-ordering-constraints">
+<h3>Event Ordering Constraints</h3>
+
+
+<p>Given that provenance consists of a description of past entities
+and activities, <a>valid</a> provenance descriptions MUST
+satisfy <em>ordering constraints</em> between instantaneous events, which we introduce in
+this section. For instance, an entity can only be used after it was
+generated; hence, we say that an entity's <a title="entity generation
+event">generation event</a> precedes any of this
+entity's <a title="entity usage event">usage events</a>. Should this
+ordering constraint be violated, the associated generation and
+usage could not be credible. The rest of this section defines
+the <dfn>temporal interpretation</dfn> of provenance descriptions as a
+set of instantaneous event ordering constraints. </p>
+
+
+<p>To allow for minimalistic clock assumptions, like Lamport
+[[CLOCK]], PROV-DM relies on a notion of relative ordering of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a>,
+without using physical clocks. This specification assumes that a partial order exists between <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a>.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>Specifically, <dfn id="dfn-precedes">precedes</dfn> is a partial
+order between <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a>. When we say
+<span class="name">e1</span> precedes <span class="name">e2</span>,
+this means that either the two events are equal or <span
+class="name">e1</span> happened before <span class="name">e2</span>.
+For symmetry, <dfn id="dfn-follows">follows</dfn> is defined as the
+inverse of <a title="precedes">precedes</a>; that is, when we say
+<span class="name">e1</span> follows <span class="name">e2</span>,
+this means that either the two events are equal or <span
+class="name">e1</span> happened after <span
+class="name">e2</span>. Both relations are partial orders, meaning
+that they are reflexive, transitive, and antisymmetric.</p>
+
+<div class="note"> Define reflexivity, transitivity
+and antisymmetry in glossary. Also, do we want to allow an event to
+ "precede" itself?
+</div>
+
+<div class="note">
+ The following discussion is unclear: what is being said here, and why?
+ </div>
+
+<p>PROV-DM also allows for time observations to be inserted in
+specific provenance descriptions, for each of the five kinds
+of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a> introduced in this specification. The
+presence of a time observation for a given <a>instantaneous event</a> fixes the
+mapping of this <a>instantaneous event</a> to the timeline. The presence of time
+information in a provenance description instantiates the ordering constraint with
+that time information. It is expected that such instantiated
+constraints can help corroborate provenance information. We anticipate
+that verification algorithms could be developed, though this
+verification is outside the scope of this specification.
+</p>
+
+<p>The following figure summarizes the ordering constraints in a
+graphical manner. For each subfigure, an event time line points to the
+right. Activities are represented by rectangles, whereas entities are
+represented by circles. Usage, generation and derivation are
+represented by the corresponding edges between entities and
+activities. The five kinds of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a> are represented by vertical
+dotted lines (adjacent to the vertical sides of an activity's
+rectangle, or intersecting usage and generation edges). The ordering
+constraints are represented by triangles: an occurrence of a triangle between two <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> vertical dotted lines represents that the event denoted by the left
+line precedes the event denoted by the right line.</p>
+
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<figcaption id="ordering-activity-fig">Summary of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints for activities</figcaption>
+<img src="../images/ordering-activity.png" alt="constraints between events" />
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Constraint template:
+<span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">blah</span>
+and
+<span class="name">blah</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">XX</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">YY</span>.
+-->
+
+<section>
+<h3>Activity constraints</h3>
+
+<p>
+In this section we discuss constraints from the perspective of
+the <a>lifetime</a> of an activity. An activity starts, then during
+its lifetime uses, generates entities and communicates with or starts
+other
+activities, and finally ends. The following constraints amount to
+checking that all of the events associated with an activity take place
+within the activity's lifetime, and the start and end events mark the
+start and endpoints of its lifetime.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The existence of an activity implies that the <a>activity start event</a> always <a>precedes</a> the corresponding <a>activity end
+event</a>. This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-activity-fig">ordering-activity-fig</a> (a) and expressed by constraint <a href="#start-precedes-end">start-precedes-end</a>.</p>
+<div class='constraint' id='start-precedes-end'>
+<span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start,a,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasEndedBy(end,a,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">start</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">end</span>.
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>A usage implies ordering of <a title="instantaneous event">events</a>, since the <a title="entity usage event">usage event</a> had to occur during the associated activity. This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-activity-fig">ordering-activity-fig</a> (b) and expressed by constraint <a href="#usage-within-activity">usage-within-activity</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='usage-within-activity'>
+<ol>
+ <li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">used(use,a,e,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start,a,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">start</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">use</span>.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">used(use,a,e,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasEndedBy(end,a,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">use</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">end</span>.
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<p>A generation implies ordering of <a title="instantaneous event">events</a>, since the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> had to occur during the associated activity. This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-activity-fig">ordering-activity-fig</a> (c) and expressed by constraint <a href="#generation-within-activity">generation-within-activity</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='generation-within-activity'>
+ <ol>
+ <li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,a,e,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start,a,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">start</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">gen</span>.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,a,e,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasEndedBy(end,a,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">end</span>.
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>Communication between two activities <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> also implies ordering of <a
+title="instantaneous event">events</a>, since some entity must have been generated by the former and used by the latter, which implies that the start event of <span class="name">a1</span>
+cannot follow the end event of <span class="name">a2</span>. This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-activity-fig">ordering-activity-fig</a> (d) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasInformedBy-ordering">wasInformedBy-ordering</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='wasInformedBy-ordering'>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start,a1,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasEndedBy(end,a2,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">start</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">end</span>.
+
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>Start of <span class="name">a2</span> by activity <span class="name">a1</span> also implies ordering of <a
+title="instantaneous event">events</a>, since <span class="name">a1</span> must have been active before <span class="name">a2</span> started. This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-activity-fig">ordering-activity-fig</a> (e) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasStartedByActivity-ordering">wasStartedByActivity-ordering</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div class='constraint' id='wasStartedByActivity-ordering'>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasStartedByActivity(a2,a1)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start1,a1,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start2,a2,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">start1</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">start2</span>.
+
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+<section>
+<h3> Entity constraints</h3>
+
+<p>
+As with activities, entities have lifetimes: they are generated, then
+can be used, revised, or other entities can be derived from them, and
+finally are invalidated.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<figcaption id="ordering-entity-fig">Summary of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints for entities</figcaption>
+<img src="../images/ordering-entity.png" alt="ordering constraints for entities" />
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>Generation of an entity precedes its invalidation. (This
+follows from other constraints if the entity is used, but we state it
+explicitly to cover the case of an entity that is generated and
+invalidated without being used.)</p>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='generation-precedes-invalidation'>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,e,_,_)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,e,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">inv</span>.
+</div>
+<hr />
+
+<p> A usage and a generation for a given entity implies ordering of <a title="instantaneous event">events</a>, since the <a title="entity generation
+event">generation event</a> had to precede the <a title="entity usage event">usage event</a>. This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-entity-fig">ordering-entity-fig</a> (a) and expressed by constraint <a href="#generation-precedes-usage">generation-precedes-usage</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='generation-precedes-usage'>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,e,_,_)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">used(use,_,e,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">use</span>.
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>All usages of an entity precede its invalidation, which is captured by constraint <a href="#usage-precedes-invalidation">usage-precedes-invalidation</a> (without any explicit graphical representation).</p>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='usage-precedes-invalidation'>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">used(use,_,e,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,e,_,_)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">use</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">inv</span>.
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<p>If there is a derivation between <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span>, then
+this means that the entity <span class="name">e1</span> had some form of influence on the entity <span class="name">e2</span>; for this to be possible, some event ordering must be satisfied.
+First, we consider derivations, where the activity and usage are known. In that case, the <a title="entity usage event">usage</a> of <span class="name">e1</span> has to precede the <a title="entity generation
+event">generation</a> of <span class="name">e2</span>.
+This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-entity-fig">ordering-entity-fig</a> (b) and expressed by constraint <a
+href="#derivation-usage-generation-ordering">derivation-usage-generation-ordering</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div class='constraint' id='derivation-usage-generation-ordering'>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(d,e2,e1,a,g2,u1,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">u1</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">g2</span>.
+
+</div>
+<hr />
+
+<p>When the usage is unknown, a similar constraint exists, except that the constraint refers to its
+generation event, as
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-entity-fig">ordering-entity-fig</a> (c) and expressed by constraint <a
+href="#derivation-generation-generation-ordering">derivation-generation-generation-ordering</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='constraint'
+ id='derivation-generation-generation-ordering'>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,attrs)</span>
+ and
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen1,e1,_,_)</span>
+ and
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen2,e2,_,_)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen1</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">gen2</span>.
+ </div>
+
+<p>Note that event ordering is between generations of <span class="name">e1</span>
+and <span class="name">e2</span>, as opposed to derivation where usage is known,
+which implies ordering ordering between the usage of <span class="name">e1</span> and
+generation of <span class="name">e2</span>. </p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The entity that triggered the start of an activity must exist before the activity starts.
+This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-entity-trigger-fig">ordering-entity-trigger-fig</a> (a) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasStartedBy-ordering">wasStartedBy-ordering</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div class='constraint' id='wasStartedBy-ordering'>
+ <ol>
+ <li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start,a,e,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,e,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">start</span>.
+ </li><li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start,a,e,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,e,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">start</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">inv</span>.
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+</div>
+<hr />
+
+<p> Similarly, the entity that triggered the end of an activity must exist before the activity ends, as illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-entity-trigger-fig">ordering-entity-trigger-fig</a> (b).</p>
+
+
+<div class='constraint' id='wasEndedBy-ordering'>
+ <ol>
+ <li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasEndedBy(end,a,e,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,e,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">end</span>.
+ </li><li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasEndedBy(end,a,e,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,e,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">end</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">inv</span>.
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+</div>
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<figcaption id="ordering-entity-trigger-fig">Summary of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints for trigger entities</figcaption>
+<img src="../images/ordering-entity-trigger.png" alt="ordering constraints for trigger entities" />
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section>
+<h3> Agent constraints</h3>
+
+<p>
+Like entities and activities, agents have lifetimes that follow a
+familiar pattern: an agent is generated, can participate in
+interactions such as starting, ending or association with an
+activity, attribution, or delegation, and finally the agent is invalidated.
+</p>
+<p>Further constraints associated with agents appear in Figure <a href="#ordering-agents">ordering-agents</a> and are discussed below.</p>
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<figcaption id="ordering-agents">Summary of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints (continued)</figcaption>
+<img src="../images/ordering-agents.png" alt="ordering constraints for agents" />
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<p>An activity that was associated with an agent must have some overlap with the agent. The agent may be generated, or may only become associated with the activity, after the activity start: so, the agent is required to exist before the activity end. Likewise, the agent may be destructed, or may terminate its association with the activity, before the activity end: hence, the agent invalidation is required to happen after the activity start.
+This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-agents">ordering-agents</a> (a) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasAssociatedWith-ordering">wasAssociatedWith-ordering</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div class='constraint' id='wasAssociatedWith-ordering'>
+ <ol> <li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,ag)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start,a,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,ag,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">start</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">inv</span>.
+ </li><li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,ag)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,ag,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasEndedBy(end,a,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">end</span>.
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>An entity that was attributed to an agent must have some overlap
+with the agent. The agent is required to exist before the entity
+invalidation. Likewise, the entity generation must precede the agent destruction.
+This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-agents">ordering-agents</a> (b) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasAttributedTo-ordering">wasAttributedTo-ordering</a>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='constraint' id='wasAttributedTo-ordering'>
+ <ol> <li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e,ag)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,e,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,ag,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">inv</span>.
+ </li><li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e,ag)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,ag,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,e,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">inv</span>.
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>For responsibility, two agents need to have some overlap in their lifetime.</p>
+
+
+<div class='constraint' id='actedOnBehalfOf-ordering'>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(ag2,ag1)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,ag1,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,ag2,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">inv</span>.
+
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+</section> <!--event-ordering-constraints-->
+
+</section> <!-- constraints -->
+
+<section id="collection-constraints">
+<h2>Collection Constraints</h2>
+<div class="note">
+ Work on collections and on these constraints is deferred until after
+ the next working draft, so this section may not be stable.
+ </div>
+
+<p>Membership is a convenience notation, since it can be expressed in terms of an insertion into some collection. The membership definition is formalized by constraint <a href="#membership-as-insertion">membership-as-insertion</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='definition' id='membership-as-insertion'>
+ <span class="name">memberOf(c, {(k1, v1), ...})</span> holds
+<span class='conditional'>IF AND ONLY IF</span> there exists a collection <span class="name">c0</span>, such that
+<span class="name">derivedByInsertionFrom(c, c0, {(k1, v1), ...})</span>.
+</div>
+
+<p>A collection may be obtained by insertion or removal, or said to satisfy the membership relation.
+To provide an interpretation of collections, PROV-DM
+ restricts one collection to be involved in a single derivation by insertion or removal, or to one membership relation.
+PROV-DM does not provide an interpretation for descriptions that consist of two (or more) insertion, removal, membership relations that result in the same collection.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>The following constraint ensures unique derivation.</p>
+
+
+<div class='note'> The following constraint is unclear.</div>
+<div class='constraint' id='collection-unique-derivation'>
+A collection MUST NOT be derived through multiple insertions, removal,
+ or membership relations.
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+Consider the following descriptions about three collections.
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+entity(c1, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
+entity(c2, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
+entity(c3, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
+
+
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c3, c1, {("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)})
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c3, c2, {("k3", e3)})
+</pre>
+<p>There is no interpretation for such descriptions since <span class="name">c3</span> is derived multiple times by insertion.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>As a particular case, collection <span class="name">c</span> is derived multiple times from the same <span class="name">c1</span>. </p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+derivedByInsertionFrom(id1, c, c1, {("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)})
+derivedByInsertionFrom(id2, c, c1, {("k3", e3), ("k4", e4)})
+</pre>
+<p>The interpretation of such descriptions is also unspecified. </p>
+<p>To describe the insertion of the 4 key-entity pairs, one would instead write:</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+derivedByInsertionFrom(id1, c, c1, {("k1", e1), ("k2", e2), ("k3", e3), ("k4", e4)})
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+The same is true for any combination of insertions, removals, and membership relations:
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following descriptions</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c, c1, {("k1", e1)})
+derivedByRemovalFrom(c, c2, {"k2"})
+</pre>
+have no interpretation.
+Nor have the following:
+<pre class="codeexample">
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c, c1, {("k1", e1)})
+memberOf(c, {"k2"}).
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<section id="collection-branching">
+<h4>Collection branching</h4>
+
+It is allowed to have multiple derivations from a single root collection, as long as the resulting entities are distinct, as shown in the following example.
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(c0, [prov:type="prov:EmptyCollection" %% xsd:QName]) // c0 is an empty collection
+entity(c1, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
+entity(c2, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
+entity(c3, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
+entity(e1)
+entity(e2)
+entity(e3)
+
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c0, {("k1", e1)})
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c2, c0, {("k2", e2)})
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c3, c1, {("k3", e3)})
+</pre>
+From this set of descriptions, we conclude:
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ c1 = { ("k1", e1) }
+ c2 = { ("k2", e2) }
+ c3 = { ("k1", e1), ("k3", e3)}
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="collections-and-derivation">
+
+
+<h4>Collections and Weaker Derivation Relation</h4>
+
+<p>The state of a collection is only known to the extent that a chain of derivations starting from an empty collection can be found. Since a set of descriptions regarding a collection's evolution may be incomplete, so is the reconstructed state obtained by querying those descriptions. In general, all descriptions reflect partial knowledge regarding a sequence of data transformation events. In the particular case of collection evolution, in which some of the state changes may have been missed, the more generic <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> relation should be used to signal that some updates may have occurred, which cannot be expressed as insertions or removals. The following example illustrates this.</p>
+
+
+
+ <div class="anexample">
+In the example, the state of <span class="name">c2</span> is only partially known because the collection is constructed from partially known other collections.
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+entity(c0, [prov:type="prov:EmptyCollection" %% xsd:QName]) // c0 is an empty collection
+entity(c1, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
+entity(c2, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
+entity(c3, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
+entity(e1)
+entity(e2)
+
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c0, {("k1", e1)})
+wasDerivedFrom(c2, c1)
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c3, c2, {("k2", e2)})
+ </pre>
+From this set of descriptions, we conclude:
+<ul>
+<li> <span class="name">c1 = { ("k1", e1) }</span>
+<li> <span class="name">c2</span> is somehow derived from <span class="name">c1</span>, but the precise sequence of updates is unknown
+<li> <span class="name">c3</span> includes <span class="name">("k2", e2)</span> but the earlier "gap" leaves uncertainty regarding <span class="name">("k1", e1)</span> (it may have been removed) or any other pair that may have been added as part of the derivation activities.
+</ul>
+ </div>
+
+</section>
+
+
+<div class='note'>
+ Do the insertion/removal derivation steps imply wasDerivedFrom,
+ wasVersionOf, alternateOf?
+ </div>
+
+</section> <!-- collection-constraints -->
+
+<section id="account-constraints">
+<h2>Account Constraints</h2>
+
+<div class="note">
+Work on accounts has been deferred until after the next working draft,
+so this section is very unstable
+</div>
+
+<p>PROV-DM allows for multiple descriptions of entities (and in general any identifiable object) to be expressed. </p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example-two-entities-one-id">
+<p>Let us consider two descriptions of a same entity, which we have taken from two different contexts. A working draft published by the <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>:</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+</pre>
+The second version of a document edited by some authors:
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
+</pre>
+<p>Both descriptions are about the same entity identified by
+<span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>, but they contain different attributes, describing the situation or partial state of the these entities according to the context in which they occur.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>Two different descriptions of a same entity cannot co-exist in a same account
+ as formalized in <a href="#unique-description-in-account">unique-description-in-account</a>.</p>
+
+<!-- Moved to uniqueness constraints section
+<div class='constraint' id='unique-description-in-account'>
+<p>Given an entity identifier <span class="name">e</span>, there is at most one description
+<span class="name">entity(e,attrs)</span> occurring in a given account, where <span class="name">attrs</span> is some set of attribute-values. Other descriptions of the same entity can exist in different accounts.</p>
+
+<p>This constraint similarly applies to all other types and relations,
+ with explicit identity.</p>
+</div>
+-->
+
+
+
+<p>In some cases, there may be a requirement for two different
+ descriptions of the same entity to be included in the same account. To satisfy the constraint <a href="#unique-description-in-account">unique-description-in-account</a>, we can adopt a different identifier for one of them, and relate the two descriptions with the <span class="name">alternateOf</span> relation. </p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="merge-with-rename">
+<p>We now reconsider the same two descriptions of a same entity, but we change the identifier for one of them:</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+entity(ex:alternate-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
+alternateOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex:alternate-20111215)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class='note'>
+ Since we are not specifying ways to take the union of two accounts,
+ we may drop this discussion
+ </div>
+<p> Taking the union of two accounts is another account,
+formed by the union of the descriptions they respectively contain. We note that the resulting union may or may not invalidate some constraints:
+<ul>
+<li> Two entity descriptions with a same identifier but different sets of attributes exist in each original account may invalidate <a href="#unique-description-in-account">unique-description-in-account</a> in the union, unless some form of description merging or renaming (as per <a href="#merge-with-rename">Example</a>) occurs.
+<li> Structurally well-formed
+accounts are not
+closed under union because the
+constraint <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a> may no
+longer be satisfied in the resulting union. </li>
+</ul>
+<p>How to reconcile such accounts is beyond the scope of this specification.</p>
+
+
+<div class="note">
+ Material transplanted from old structural well-formedness constraints section.
+
+ This example isn't very clear, since the sub-workflow-ness isn't
+ represented in the data. According to what was written above, we
+ should conclude that a0 and a2 are equal!
+ </div>
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+In the following descriptions, a workflow execution <span class="name">a0</span> consists of two sub-workflow executions <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>.
+Sub-workflow execution <span class="name">a2</span> generates entity <span class="name">e</span>, so does <span class="name">a0</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(a0, [prov:type="workflow execution"])
+activity(a1, [prov:type="workflow execution"])
+activity(a2, [prov:type="workflow execution"])
+wasInformedBy(a2,a1)
+
+wasGeneratedBy(e,a0)
+wasGeneratedBy(e,a2)
+</pre>
+<p>So, we have two different <a title="generation">generations</a> for entity <span class="name">e</span>. Such an example is permitted in PROV-DM if the two activities denoted by <span class="name">a0</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> are a single thing happening in the world
+but described from different perspectives.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>While this example is permitted in PROV-DM, it does not make the inter-relation between activities explicit, and it mixes descriptions expressed from different perspectives together.
+While this may acceptable in some specific applications, it becomes challenging for inter-operability. Indeed, PROV-DM does not offer any relation describing the structure of activities.
+ Such descriptions are said not to be structurally well-formed.</p>
+
+<p>Structurally well-formed provenance can be obtained by partitioning the generations into different accounts. This makes it clear that these generations provide alternative
+descriptions of the same real-world generation event, rather than describing two distinct generation events for the same entity. When accounts are used, the example can be encoded as follows.</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The same example is now revisited, with the following descriptions that are structurally well-formed. Two accounts are introduced, and there is a single generation for entity <span
+class="name">e</span> per account.</p>
+
+<p>In a first account, entitled "summary", we find:</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(a0,t1,t2,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
+wasGeneratedBy(e,a0,-)
+</pre>
+<p>In a second account, entitled "detail", we find:</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(a1,t1,t3,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
+activity(a2,t3,t2,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
+wasInformedBy(a2,a1)
+wasGeneratedBy(e,a2,-)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>Structurally well-formed provenance satisfies some constraints, which force the structure of descriptions to be exposed by means of accounts. With these constraints satisfied, further
+inferences can be made about structurally well-formed descriptions.
+The uniqueness of generations in accounts is formulated as follows.
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+</section> <!-- account-constraints-->
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="compliance">
+<h2>Compliance with this document</h2>
+
+For the purpose of compliance, the normative sections of this document
+ are (TODO). To be compliant:
+ <ul><li>When processing provenance obtained from another source, an
+ application MAY apply the inferences and definitions in <a
+ href="#inferences" class='sectionRef'></a>.</li>
+ <li>An application SHOULD process <a>equivalent</a> PROV-DM instances in the same way, described in <a href="#equivalence" class="sectionRef"></a>
+ <li>When determining whether a PROV description is <a>valid</a>, an
+ application MUST check that all of the
+ constraints of <a href="#constraints" class="sectionRef"></a> are
+ satisfied on the <a>normal form</a> of the instance.</li>
+ <li> When producing provenance meant for other applications to
+ use, the application SHOULD produce <a>valid</a> provenance. </li>
+ </ul>
+ <div class="note">
+ Should we specify a way for PROV descriptions to say whether they
+ are meant to be validated or not? Seems outside the scope of this document.
+ </div>
+
+</section>
+
+
+ <section id='rationale' class="informative">
+<h2>Rationale for inferences and constraints</h2>
+
+<div class="note"> This section collects all of the explanatory
+ material that I was not certain how to interpret as an unambiguous
+ inference or constraint. Some of these observations may need to be folded
+ into the explanatory text in respective sections (for example for
+ events,
+ accounts or collections).
+
+ Editing is also needed to decrease redundancy.
+ </div>
+
+ <section id='section-attributes'>
+<h4>Entities and Attributes</h4>
+
+<p>When we talk about things in the world in natural language and even when we assign identifiers, we are often imprecise in ways that make it difficult to clearly and unambiguously report
+provenance: a resource with a URL may be understood as referring to a report available at that URL, the version of the report available there today, the report independent of where it is
+hosted over time, etc.
+However, to write precise descriptions of the provenance of things
+that change over time, we need ways of disambiguating which versions
+of things we are talking about.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+To describe the provenance of things that can change over
+time, PROV-DM uses the concept of <i>entities</i> with fixed
+attributes. From a provenance viewpoint, it is important to identify
+a partial state of something, i.e. something with some aspects that
+have been fixed, so that it becomes possible to express its provenance
+(i.e. what caused the thing with these specific aspects). An entity
+encompasses a part of a thing's history during which some of the
+attributes are fixed. An entity can thus be thought of as a part of a
+thing with some associated partial state.
+Attributes in PROV-DM are used to fix certain aspects of entities.</p>
+
+
+<p>
+An <dfn>entity</dfn> is a thing one wants to provide provenance for
+and whose situation in the world is described by some fixed
+attributes. An entity has a <dfn
+id="|dfn-characterization-interval">characterization interval</dfn>,
+or <dfn id="lifetime">lifetime</dfn>,
+defined as the period
+between its <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a>
+and its <a title="entity invalidation event">invalidation event</a>.
+An entity's attributes are established when the entity is
+created and describe the entity's situation and (partial) state
+during an entity's lifetime.</p>
+
+<p>
+A different entity (perhaps representing a different user or
+system perspective) may fix other aspects of the same thing, and its provenance
+may be different. Different entities that are aspects of the same
+thing are called <em>alternate</em>, and the PROV-DM relations of
+specialization and alternate can be used to link such entities.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="a-report-example">
+Different users may take different perspectives on a resource with
+a URL. A provenance record might use one (or more) different
+ entities to talk about different perspectives, such as:
+<ul>
+<li>a report available at a URL: fixes the nature of the thing, i.e. a document, and its location; </li>
+<li>the version of the report available there today: fixes its version number, contents, and its date;</li>
+<li>the report independent of where it is hosted and of its content over time: fixes the nature of the thing as a conceptual artifact.</li></ul>
+The provenance of these three entities may differ, and may be along the following lines:
+<ul>
+<li>the provenance of a report available at a URL may include: the act of publishing it and making it available at a given location, possibly under some license and access control;</li>
+<li>the provenance of the version of the report available there today may include: the authorship of the specific content, and reference to imported content;</li>
+<li>the provenance of the report independent of where it is hosted over time may include: the motivation for writing the report, the overall methodology for producing it, and the broad team
+involved in it.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>We do not assume that any entity is a better or worse description of
+reality than any other. That is, we do not assume an absolute ground truth with
+respect to which we can judge correctness or completeness of
+descriptions. In fact, it is possible to describe the processing that occurred for the report to be commissioned, for
+individual versions to be created, for those versions to be published at the given URL, etc., each via a different entity with attribute-value pairs that fix some aspects of the report appropriately.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Besides entities, a variety of other PROV-DM objects have
+attributes, including activity, generation, usage, start, end,
+communication, attribution, association, responsibility, and
+derivation. Each object has an associated duration interval (which may
+be a single time point), and attribute-value pairs for a given object
+are expected to be descriptions that hold for the object's duration.
+</p>
+<p>
+However, the attributes of entities have special meaning because they
+are considered to be fixed aspects
+of underlying, changing things. This motivates constraints on
+<span class="name">alternateOf</span> and <span class="name">specializationOf</span> relating the attribute values of
+different entities.
+</p>
+<div class="note">
+ TODO:
+Constraints on alternateOf/specializationOf for this?
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="note">
+TODO: Further discussion of entities moved from the old "Definitional
+ constraints" section. Should merge with the surrounding
+ discussion to avoid repetition.
+ </div>
+<p>
+An <dfn>entity</dfn> is a thing one wants to provide provenance for
+and whose situation in the world is described by some attribute-value
+pairs. An entity's attribute-value pairs are established as part of
+the entity description and their values remain unchanged for the
+lifetime of the entity. An entity's attribute-value pairs are expected
+to describe the entity's situation and (partial) state during an
+entity's <a title="characterization interval">characterization interval</a>.</p>
+
+<p>If an entity's situation or state changes, this may result in its description being invalid, because one or more attribute-value pairs no longer hold. In that case, from the PROV viewpoint, there exists a new entity, which needs to be given a distinct identifier, and associated with the attribute-value pairs that reflect its new situation or state.</p>
+
+
+
+Further considerations:
+<ul>
+<li>In order to describe the provenance of something during an interval over which
+ relevant attributes of the thing are not fixed, it is required to
+ create multiple entities, each with its own identifier, <a
+ title="characterization interval">characterization interval</a>, and
+ fixed attributes, and express
+ dependencies between the various entities using events.
+ For example, if we want to describe the provenance of several
+ versions of a document, involving attributes such as authorship that
+ change over time, we need different entities for the versions linked
+ by appropriate generation, usage, revision, and invalidation events.
+</li>
+
+<li>There is no assumption that the set of attributes is complete, nor
+that the attributes are independent or orthogonal of each other.</li>
+<li>There is no assumption that the attributes of an entity uniquely
+identify it. Two different entities that are aspects of different
+things can have the same attributes.</li>
+<li>A <a title="characterization interval">characterization interval</a> may collapse into a single instant.</li>
+</ul>
+
+</section>
+
+<section>
+<h3>Activities</h3>
+
+<div class="note">
+ TODO: Further discussion of activities moved from old "Definitional
+ constraints and inferences" section. Edit to avoid repeating information.
+</div>
+
+
+<p>An activity is delimited by its <a title="activity start event">start</a> and its <a title="activity end event">end</a> events; hence, it occurs over
+an interval delimited by two <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous
+events</a>. However, an activity record need not mention start or end time information, because they may not be known.
+An activity's attribute-value pairs are expected to describe the activity's situation during its interval, i.e. an interval between two instantaneous events, namely its <a title="activity start event">start</a> event and its <a title="activity end event">end</a> event.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>Further considerations:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>An activity is not an entity.
+Indeed, an entity exists in full at
+any point in its lifetime, persists during this
+interval, and preserves the characteristics that makes it
+identifiable. In contrast, an activity is something that occurs, happens,
+unfolds, or develops through time, but is typically not identifiable by
+the characteristics it exhibits at any point during its duration.
+This distinction is similar to the distinction between
+'continuant' and 'occurrent' in logic [[Logic]].</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+ <section id="representation-term-assertion-inference">
+<h3>Description, Assertion, and Inference</h3>
+
+<p>
+PROV-DM is a provenance data model designed to express <em>descriptions</em> of the world.
+</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+A file at some point during its lifecycle, which includes multiple edits by multiple people, can be described by its type, its location in the file system, a creator, and content.
+</div>
+
+
+<p>The data model is designed to capture activities that happened in the past, as opposed to activities
+that may or will happen.
+However, this distinction is not formally enforced.
+Therefore, PROV-DM descriptions are intended to be interpreted as what
+has happened, as opposed to what may or will happen.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>
+This specification does not prescribe the means by which descriptions can be arrived at; for example, descriptions can be composed on the basis of observations, reasoning, or any other means.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+Sometimes, inferences about the world can be made from descriptions
+conformant to the PROV-DM data model. This
+specification defines some such inferences, allowing new descriptions
+to be inferred from existing ones. Hence, descriptions of the world
+can result either from direct assertion or from inference
+by application of inference rules defined by this specification.
+</p>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <section id='section-event-time'>
+<h4>Events and Time</h4>
+
+
+
+
+<p>Time is critical in the context of provenance, since it can help corroborate provenance claims. For instance, if an entity is claimed to be obtained by transforming another, then the
+latter must have existed before the former. If it is not the case, then there is something wrong with such a provenance claim. </p>
+
+<p> Although time is critical, we should also recognize that
+provenance can be used in many different contexts within individual
+systems and across the Web. Different systems may use different clocks
+which may not be precisely synchronized, so when provenance records
+are combined by different systems, we may not be able to align the
+times involved to a single global timeline. Hence, PROV-DM is
+designed to minimize assumptions about time. </p>
+
+
+
+<p>Hence, to talk about the constraints on valid PROV-DM data, we
+refer to <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a> that correspond to interactions
+between activities and entities.
+The term "event" is commonly used in process algebra with a similar meaning. For instance, in CSP [[CSP]], events represent communications or interactions; they are assumed to be atomic and
+instantaneous.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="event-ordering">
+<h4>Event Ordering</h4>
+
+
+
+<div class="note">
+ The following paragraphs are unclear and need to be revised, to
+ address review concerns: if
+ we aren't saying anything about how events and time relate, and time
+ is the only concrete information about event ordering in PROV-DM,
+ then how can implementations check that event ordering constraints
+ are satisfied?
+ </div>
+<p> How the <a>precedes</a> partial order is implemented in practice is beyond the scope
+of this specification. This specification only assumes that
+each <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> can be mapped to an instant in some form of
+timeline. The actual mapping is not in scope of this
+specification. Likewise, whether this timeline is formed of a single
+global timeline or whether it consists of multiple Lamport-style
+clocks is also beyond this specification. The <a>follows</a> and
+<a>precedes</a> orderings of events should be consistent with the
+ordering of their associated times
+over these timelines.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>This specification defines <i>event ordering constraints</i>
+between <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a> associated with
+provenance descriptions. PROV-DM data MUST satisfy such constraints. </p>
+
+<p>PROV-DM also allows for time observations to be inserted in
+specific descriptions, for each recognized <a
+ title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> introduced in this
+specification. The presence of a time observation for a given <a
+ title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> fixes the mapping of this <a
+ title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> to the timeline. It can also
+help with the verification of associated ordering constraints (though,
+again, this verification is outside the scope of this specification).
+</p>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="types-of-events">
+<h4>Types of Events</h4>
+<p>Five kinds of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a> are used
+for the PROV-DM data model. The <strong>activity start</strong> and
+<strong>activity end</strong> events delimit the beginning and the end
+of activities, respectively. The <strong>entity usage</strong>,
+<strong>entity generation</strong>, and <strong>entity
+invalidation</strong> events apply to entities, and the generation and
+invalidation events delimit the <a title="characterization interval">characterization interval</a> of
+an entity. More specifically:
+
+</p>
+
+<p>An <dfn id="dfn-start-event">activity start event</dfn> is the <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the instant an activity starts.</p>
+
+<p>An <dfn id="dfn-end-event">activity end event</dfn> is the <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the instant an activity ends.</p>
+
+<p>An <dfn id="dfn-usage-event">entity usage event</dfn> is the <a
+title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the first instant of
+an entity's consumption timespan by an activity. Before this instant
+the entity had not begun to be used by the activity.</p>
+
+<p>An <dfn id="dfn-generation-event">entity generation event</dfn> is the <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the final instant of an entity's creation timespan, after which
+it is available for use. The entity did not exist before this event.</p>
+
+<p>An <dfn id="dfn-invalidation-event">entity invalidation event</dfn>
+is the <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that
+marks the initial instant of the destruction, invalidation, or
+cessation of an entity, after which the entity is no longer available
+for use. The entity no longer exists after this event.</p>
+
+</section>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+ <section id="account-section">
+ <h3>Account</h3>
+
+<div class="note">
+ Some of this discussion may belong in the account constraint section
+ as motivation, or as formal constraints/inferences. In particular,
+ the MUST, MAY, SHOULD statements should be clarified and put into
+ the normative section.
+ </div>
+
+<p>It is common for multiple provenance records to co-exist. For
+instance, when emailing a file, there could be a provenance record
+kept by the mail client, and another by the mail server. Such
+provenance records may provide different explanations about something
+happening in the world, because they are created by different parties
+or observed by different witnesses. A given party could also create
+multiple provenance records about an execution, to capture different
+levels of details, targeted at different end-users: the programmer of
+an experiment may be interested in a detailed log of execution, while
+the scientists may focus more on the scientific-level description.
+Given that multiple provenance records can co-exist, it is important
+to have details about their origin, who they are attributed to, how
+they were generated, etc. In other words, an important requirement is
+to be able to express the provenance of provenance. </p>
+
+<div class="note">
+ See ISSUE-343. Also, what is an account's set of descriptions?
+ </div>
+<p>
+ <span class="glossary" id="glossary-account">
+An <dfn>account</dfn> is an entity that contains a bundle of provenance descriptions.
+</span> PROV-DM does not provide an actual mechanism for creating accounts, i.e. for bundling up provenance descriptions and naming them. Accounts MUST satisfy some properties:
+<ul>
+<li>An account is a bundle of provenance descriptions whose content MAY change over time.</li>
+<li>If an account's set of descriptions changes over time, it SHOULD increase monotonically with time. </li>
+<li>A given description of e.g. an entity in a given account, in terms of its identifier and attribute-value pairs, does not change over time. </li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class='note'>
+The last point is important. It indicates that within an account:
+<ul>
+<li>It is always possible to add new provenance descriptions, e.g. stating that a given entity was used by an activity, or derived from another. This is very much an open world assumption.
+<li>It is not permitted to add new attributes to a given entity (a form of closed world assumption from the attributes point of view), though it is always permitted to create a new description for an entity, which is a "copy" of the original description extended with novel attributes (cf Example <a href="#merge-with-rename">merge-with-rename</a>).
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+There is no construct in PROV-DM to create such bundles of
+descriptions. Instead, it is assumed that some mechanism, outside
+PROV-DM can create them. However, from a provenance viewpoint, such
+accounts are things whose provenance we may want to describe. In order to be able to do so, we need to see accounts as entities, whose origin can be described using PROV-DM vocabulary. Thus, PROV-DM introduces the reserved type <span class="name">Account</span>.
+</p>
+
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<section class="appendix">
+ <h2>Acknowledgements</h2>
+ <p>
+ WG membership to be listed here.
+ </p>
+ </section>
+
+<section class="glossary">
+ <h2>Glossary</h2>
+ <ul>
+ <li> <dfn>anti-symmetric</dfn>: A relation R over X is <a>anti-symmetric</a> if
+ for any elements x, y of X, if x R y and y R x then x = y.</li>
+ <li> <dfn>reflexive</dfn>: A relation R over X is <a>reflexive</a> if
+ for any element x of X, we have x R x.</li>
+ <li> <dfn>symmetric</dfn>: A relation R over X is <a>symmetric</a> if
+ for any elements x, y of X, if x R y then y R x.</li>
+ <li> <dfn>transitive</dfn>: A relation R over X is <a>transitive</a> if
+ for any elements x, y, z of X, if x R y and y R z then x R z.</li>
+
+
+ </ul>
+ </section>
+
+
+ </body></html>
+
+<!-- LocalWords: px DM RL RDF AQ SEM SOTD Definitional wasInformedBy attrs ag
+ -->
+<!-- LocalWords: wasGeneratedBy wasStartedBy gAttr sAttr wasAttributedTo attr
+ -->
+<!-- LocalWords: wasAssociatedWith dAttrs gAttrs wasDerivedFrom uAttrs eAttrs
+ -->
+<!-- LocalWords: wasRevisionOf specializationOf wasQuotedFrom Traceability WD
+ -->
+<!-- LocalWords: tracedTo aAttr actedOnBehalfOf rAttr traceability TODO xsd
+ -->
+<!-- LocalWords: alternateOf wasEndedBy Lamport's timeline subfigure memberOf
+ -->
+<!-- LocalWords: wasStartedByAgent wasAttributedWith derivedByInsertionFrom
+ -->
+<!-- LocalWords: QName derivedByRemovalFrom EmptyCollection wasVersionOf dm
+ -->
+<!-- LocalWords: RecsWD formedness workflow ness operability CSP versa hyp YY
+ -->
+<!-- LocalWords: disambiguating lifecycle conformant minimalistic Lamport fo
+ -->
+<!-- LocalWords: reflexivity antisymmetry timelines timespan WG concl inv
+ -->
+<!-- LocalWords: continuant occurrent modalities toyota womanInRedDress
+ -->
+<!-- LocalWords: customerInChairAt manWithGlasses customerInChair
+ -->
+<!-- LocalWords: wasStartedByActivity antisymmetric wasInvalidatedBy
+ -->
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/wd5/wd5-prov-dm-constraints.html Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,1851 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+
+<html><head>
+ <title>PROV-DM Part II: Constraints of the Provenance Data Model</title>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
+ <!--
+ === NOTA BENE ===
+ For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
+ out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
+ -->
+<!-- PM -->
+ <style type="text/css">
+ .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
+ </style>
+
+ <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
+
+ <script class="remove">
+ var addExtraReferences = function() {
+ for (var k in extraReferences)
+ berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
+ };
+ var extraReferences = {
+ "CLOCK":
+ "Lamport, L. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
+ "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
+ "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
+ "CSP":
+ "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
+ "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
+ "Logic":
+ "W. E. Johnson"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
+ "1924. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
+ "PROV-SEM":
+ "James Cheney "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Work in progress. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
+
+ "PROV-PRIMER":
+ "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-DM":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-N":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\"><cite>PROV-N ....</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-O":
+ "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-AQ":
+ "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
+ };
+ var respecConfig = {
+ // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
+ specStatus: "ED",
+
+ // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
+ shortName: "prov-dm-constraints",
+
+ // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
+ // formal title, define it here
+ subtitle : "Initial document for discussion, WD5",
+
+ // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
+ //publishDate: "2012-02-01",
+
+ // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
+ // the start date here:
+ copyrightStart: "2011",
+
+ // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
+ // and its maturity status
+ //previousPublishDate: "2012-02-02",
+ //previousMaturity: "WD",
+
+ // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
+ edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm-constraints.html",
+
+ // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
+ // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
+
+ // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
+ // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
+ extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "./extra.css"],
+
+ // editors, add as many as you like
+ // only "name" is required
+ editors: [
+ { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
+ company: "University of Southampton" },
+ { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
+ company: "Newcastle University" },
+ ],
+
+ // authors, add as many as you like.
+ // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
+ // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
+
+ //authors: ,
+ authors: [
+ { name: "TBD" },
+ ],
+
+ // name of the WG
+ wg: "Provenance Working Group",
+
+ // URI of the public WG page
+ wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
+
+ // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
+ wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
+
+ // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
+ // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
+ // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
+ // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
+ // Team Contact.
+ wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
+
+ // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
+ preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
+ };
+ </script>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+
+ <section id="abstract">
+<p>
+PROV-DM is a data model for provenance that describes
+the entities, people and activities involved in
+producing a piece of data or thing in the world. PROV-DM is
+domain-agnostic, but is equipped with extensibility points allowing
+further domain-specific and application-specific extensions to be
+defined. PROV-DM is accompanied by PROV-N, a technology-independent
+notation, which allows serializations of PROV-DM
+instances to be created for human consumption, which facilitates the
+mapping of PROV-DM to concrete syntax, and which is used as the basis for a
+formal semantics of PROV-DM. This document introduces
+ further set of concepts underpinning the PROV-DM data model and defines constraints that well-structured provenance descriptions should follow and that provide an interpretation for these descriptions.
+</p>
+ </section>
+
+<section id="sotd">
+<b>This document is released internally by the Provenance Working Group.</b>
+<section id="prov-family">
+<!-- <h3>Prov Family of Specifications</h3>-->
+This document is part of the PROV family of specifications, a set of specifications aiming to define the various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
+interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. This document defines the PROV-DM data model for provenance, accompanied with a notation to express
+instances of that data model for human consumption. Other documents are:
+<ul>
+<li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS, a set of constraints applying to the PROV-DM data model,</li>
+<li> PROV-N, a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption,</li>
+<li> PROV-O, the provenance ontology: by means of a mapping of PROV-DM to the OWL2 Web Ontology Language, this specification provides a normative serialization of PROV-DM in RDF</li>
+<li> PROV-AQ, provenance access and query: the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance; </li>
+<li> PROV-PRIMER: a primer for the PROV-DM provenance data model,</li>
+<li> PROV-SEM: a formal semantics for the PROV-DM provenance data model.</li>
+</ul>
+</section>
+</section>
+
+
+<!--
+<div class="buttonpanel">
+<form action="#"><p>
+<input id="hide-bnf" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','grammar','none'); set_display_by_id('hide-bnf','none'); set_display_by_id('show-bnf','');" type="button" value="Hide Grammar" />
+<input id="show-bnf" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','grammar',''); set_display_by_id('hide-bnf',''); set_display_by_id('show-bnf','none');" style="display: none" type="button"
+value="Show Grammar" />
+<input id="hide-examples" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','anexample','none'); set_display_by_id('hide-examples','none'); set_display_by_id('show-examples','');" type="button"
+value="Hide Examples" />
+<input id="show-examples" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','anexample',''); set_display_by_id('hide-examples',''); set_display_by_id('show-examples','none');" style="display: none"
+type="button" value="Show Examples" />
+</p>
+</form>
+</div>
+-->
+
+ <section id="introduction">
+ <h2>Introduction<br>
+</h2>
+
+<p> Provenance is defined as a record that describes the people,
+institutions, entities, and activities, involved in producing,
+influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a thing in the world. A
+companion specification [[PROV-DM]] defines PROV-DM, a data model for
+provenance, allowing such descriptions to be expressed.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>PROV-DM has essentially be defined without any constraints [[PROV-DM]]. This document introduces a further set of concepts underpinning this data model and defines constraints that well-structured provenance descriptions should follow and that provide an interpretation for these descriptions. </p>
+
+
+<p>This specification is one of several specifications, referred to as the PROV family of specifications, defining the various aspects
+that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable exchange of provenance:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>A data model for provenance, which is presented in three documents:
+<ul>
+<li> PROV-DM (part I): the provenance data model itself, expressed in natural language [[PROV-DM]];
+<li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS (part II): constraints underpinning the data model (this document);
+<li> PROV-N (part III): a notation to express instances of that data model for human consumption [[PROV-N]];
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>PROV-O: a normative serialization of PROV-DM in RDF [[!PROV-O]], specified by means of a mapping to the OWL2 Web Ontology Language [[!OWL2-SYNTAX]];</li>
+<li>PROV-AQ: the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [[PROV-AQ]];</li>
+<li>PROV-PRIMER: a primer for the PROV approach [[PROV-PRIMER]];</li>
+<li>PROV-SEM: semantics of the PROV-DM data model [[PROV-SEM]];</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+ <section id="structure-of-this-document">
+<h3>Structure of this Document</h3>
+
+<div class='note'>TODO</div>
+
+<p>In <a href="#prov-dm-refinement">section 2</a>, further concepts underpinning PROV-DM are introduced.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#data-model-constraints">Section 3</a></p>
+
+
+<p><a href="#definitional-constraints">Section 4</a></p>
+
+<p><a href="#account-constraints">Section 5</a>
+</p>
+
+<p><a href="#interpretation">Section 6</a></p>
+<p><a href="#structural-constraints">Section 7</a></p>
+<p><a href="#collection-constraints">Section 8</a></p>
+<p><a href="#refining-provenance-descriptions">Section 9</a> successively review refined provenance descriptions, and examine their meaning, in light of the constraints introduced in previous sections. </p>
+
+
+
+ </section>
+
+
+
+ <section id="conventions">
+<h3>Conventions</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
+ NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
+ "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
+ [[!RFC2119]].</p>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id='prov-dm-refinement'>
+<h2>Data Model Refinement</h2>
+
+<p>Underpinning the PROV-DM data model is a notion of event, marking transitions in the world (when entities are generated, used, or destroyed, or activities started or ended). This notion of event is not first-class in the data model, but underpins many of its concepts and its semantics [[PROV-SEM]]. Thus, using this notion of event, we can provide an interpretation for the data model, which in turn can allow creators of provenance assertions to make their assertions more robust. </p>
+
+
+ <section id='section-time-event'>
+<h4>Time and Event</h4>
+
+<p>Time is critical in the context of provenance, since it can help corroborate provenance claims. For instance, if an entity is claimed to be obtained by transforming another, then the
+latter must have existed before the former. If it is not the case, then there is something wrong with such a provenance claim. </p>
+
+<p> Although time is critical, we should also recognize that provenance can be used in many different contexts: in a single system, across the Web, or in spatial data management, to name a
+few. Hence, it is a design objective of PROV-DM to minimize the assumptions about time, so that PROV-DM can be used in varied contexts. </p>
+
+
+<p>Furthermore, consider two activities that started at the same time
+instant. Just by referring to that instant, we cannot distinguish
+which activity start we refer to. This is particularly relevant if we
+try to explain that the start of these activities had different
+reasons. We need to be able to refer to the start of an activity as a
+first class concept, so that we can talk about it and about its
+relation with respect to other similar starts. </p>
+
+
+<p>Hence, in our conceptualization of the world, an <em>instantaneous event</em>, or <dfn id="dfn-event">event</dfn> for short, happens in the world and marks a change in the world, in its
+activities and in its entities.
+The term "event" is commonly used in process algebra with a similar meaning. For instance, in CSP [[CSP]], events represent communications or interactions; they are assumed to be atomic and
+instantaneous.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<section id="types-of-events">
+<h4>Types of Events</h4>
+
+<p>Four kinds of <a title="event">instantaneous events</a> underpin the PROV-DM data model. The <strong>activity start</strong> and <strong>activity end</strong> events demarcate the
+beginning and the end of activities, respectively. The <strong>entity generation</strong> and <strong>entity usage</strong> events demarcate the characterization interval for entities. More
+specifically:
+
+</p>
+
+<p>An <dfn id="dfn-generation-event">entity generation event</dfn> is the <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the final instant of an entity's creation timespan, after which
+it is no longer available for use.</p>
+
+<p>An <dfn id="dfn-usage-event">entity usage event</dfn> is the <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the first instant of an entity's consumption timespan by an activity.</p>
+
+<p>An <dfn id="dfn-destruction-event">entity destruction event</dfn> is the <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the initial instant of an entity's destruction timespan, after which
+it no longer becomes available for use.</p>
+
+<div class='note'>Tentative definition of destruction!</div>
+
+
+<p>An <dfn id="dfn-start-event">activity start event</dfn> is the <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the instant an activity starts.</p>
+
+<p>An <dfn id="dfn-end-event">activity end event</dfn> is the <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the instant an activity ends.</p>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="event-ordering">
+<h4>Event Ordering</h4>
+
+<p>To allow for minimalistic clock assumptions, like Lamport
+[[CLOCK]], PROV-DM relies on a notion of relative ordering of <a title="event">instantaneous events</a>,
+without using physical clocks. This specification assumes that a partial order exists between <a title="event">instantaneous events</a>.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>Specifically, <dfn id="dfn-follows">follows</dfn> is a partial
+order between <a title="event">instantaneous events</a>, indicating that an <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> occurs at the same time as or after another.
+For symmetry, <dfn id="dfn-precedes">precedes</dfn> is defined as
+the inverse of follows. (Hence, these relations are reflexive and transitive.)</p>
+
+
+<p> How such partial order is realized in practice is beyond the scope
+of this specification. This specification only assumes that
+each <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> can be mapped to an instant in some form of
+timeline. The actual mapping is not in scope of this
+specification. Likewise, whether this timeline is formed of a single
+global timeline or whether it consists of multiple Lamport's style
+clocks is also beyond this specification. It is anticipated
+that <a>follows</a> and <a>precedes</a> correspond to some ordering
+over this timeline.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>This specification introduces a set of "temporal interpretation"
+rules allowing the derivation of <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints from
+provenance descriptions. According to such temporal interpretation,
+descriptions MUST satisfy such constraints. We note that the
+actual verification of such ordering constraints is outside the
+scope of this specification. </p>
+
+<p>PROV-DM also allows for time observations to be inserted in specific
+descriptions, for each recognized <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> introduced
+in this specification. The presence of a time observation for a
+given <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> fixes the mapping of this <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> to the
+timeline. It can also help with the verification of associated
+ordering constraints (though, again, this verification is outside the
+scope of this specification).
+</p>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+ </section>
+
+
+
+ <section id='section-attributes'>
+<h4>Attributes in Entities and Beyond </h4>
+
+<p>When we talk about things in the world in natural language and even when we assign identifiers, we are often imprecise in ways that make it difficult to clearly and unambiguously report
+provenance: a resource with a URL may be understood as referring to a report available at that URL, the version of the report available there today, the report independent of where it is
+hosted over time, etc.</p>
+
+<p>From a provenance viewpoint, it is important to identify a "<em>partial state</em>" of something, i.e. something with some aspects that have been fixed, so that it becomes possible to express its provenance, and what causes that thing, with these specific aspects to be as such. </p>
+
+<p>It is the purpose of attributes in PROV-DM to help fix some aspect of entities.
+Indeed, we previously defined
+entities as things in the world one wants to provide provenance for;
+we refine this definition as follows, using attribute-values to describe entities' "partial states", and linking them to the very existence of entities.</p>
+
+<p>
+An <dfn>entity</dfn> is a thing in the world one wants to provide provenance for and whose situation in the world is described by some attribute-value pairs; an entity's description (formed of attribute-value pairs) holds (i.e. describes the thing's situation) during a period comprised between its <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> and its <a title="entity destruction event">destruction event</a>.</p>
+
+<p>An entity fixes some aspects of a thing and its situation in the
+world. An alternative entity may fix other aspects, and its provenance
+may be different.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="a-report-example">
+Different users may take different perspectives on a resource with
+a URL. For each perspective, an entity may be expressed:
+<ul>
+<li>a report available at a URL: fixes the nature of the thing, i.e. a document, and its location; </li>
+<li>the version of the report available there today: fixes its version number, contents, and its date;</li>
+<li>the report independent of where it is hosted and of its content over time: fixes the nature of the thing as a conceptual artifact.</li></ul>
+The provenance of these three entities may differ, and may be along the following lines:
+<ul>
+<li>the provenance of a report available at a URL may include: the act of publishing it and making it available at a given location, possibly under some license and access control;</li>
+<li>the provenance of the version of the report available there today may include: the authorship of the specific content, and reference to imported content;</li>
+<li>the provenance of the report independent of where it is hosted over time may include: the motivation for writing the report, the overall methodology for producing it, and the broad team
+involved in it.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<p>We do not assume that any entity is more important than any other; in fact, it is possible to describe the processing that occurred for the report to be commissioned, for
+individual versions to be created, for those versions to be published at the given URL, etc., each via a different entity with attribute-value pairs that fix some aspect of the report appropriately.</p>
+
+<p>Attributes are not restricted to entities, but they belong to a variety of PROV-DM objects, including activities, activity associations, responsibility chains, generations, usages, derivations, and alternates. Each object has its duration interval, and attribute-value pairs for a given object, are expected to be unchanged for the object's duration.</p>
+</section>
+
+
+
+ <section id="representation-term-assertion-inference">
+<h3>Description, Assertion, and Inference</h3>
+
+<p>
+PROV-DM is a provenance data model designed to express <em>descriptions</em> of the world.
+</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+A file at some point during its lifecycle, which includes multiple edits by multiple people, can be described by its type, its location in the file system, a creator, and content.
+</div>
+
+
+<p>The data model is designed to capture activities that happened in the past, as opposed to activities
+that may or will happen.
+However, this distinction is not formally enforced.
+Therefore, all PROV-DM descriptions SHOULD be interpreted as what has happened, as opposed to what may or will happen.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>
+This specification does not prescribe the means by which descriptions can be arrived at; for example, descriptions can be composed on the basis of observations, reasoning, or any other means.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+Sometimes, inferences about the world can be made from descriptions
+conformant to the PROV-DM data model. When this is the case, this
+specification defines such inferences, allowing new descriptions
+to be inferred from existing ones. Hence, descriptions of the world
+can result either from direct assertion or from inference
+by application of inference rules defined by this specification.
+</p>
+
+
+
+</section>
+<div class='issue'> We need to refine the definition of entity and activity, and all the concepts in general. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/223">ISSUE-223</a>.</div>
+
+
+
+
+ <section id="account-and-accountEntity">
+ <h3>Account and AccountEntity</h3>
+
+
+<p>It is common for multiple provenance records to co-exist. For
+instance, when emailing a file, there could be a provenance record
+kept by the mail client, and another by the mail server. Such
+provenance records may provide different explanations about something
+happening in the world, because they are created by different parties
+or observed by different witnesses. A given party could also create
+multiple provenance records about an execution, to capture different
+levels of details, targeted at different end-users: the programmer of
+an experiment may be interested in a detailed log of execution, while
+the scientists may focus more on the scientific-level description.
+Given that multiple provenance records can co-exist, it is important
+to have details about their origin, who they are attributed to, how
+they were generated, etc. In other words, an important requirement is
+to be able to express the provenance of provenance. </p>
+
+<p>
+ <span class="glossary" id="glossary-account">
+An <dfn>account</dfn> is a named bundle of provenance descriptions.
+</span> PROV-DM does not provide an actual mechanism for creating accounts, i.e. for bundling up provenance descriptions and naming them. Accounts MUST satisfy some properties:
+<ul>
+<li>An account can be seen as a container of provenance descriptions, hence its content MAY change over time.</li>
+<li>If an account's set of descriptions changes over time, it increases monotonically with time. </li>
+<li>A given description of e.g. an entity in a given account, in terms of its identifier and attribute-value pairs, does not change over time. </li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class='note'>
+The last point is important and needs to be discussed by the Working Group.
+It indicates that within an account:
+<ul>
+<li>It is always possible to add new provenance descriptions, e.g. stating that a given entity was used by an activity. This is very much an open world assumption.
+<li>It is not permitted to add new attributes to a given entity (a form of closed world assumption from the attributes point of view), though it is always permitted to create a new description for an entity, which is a "copy" of the original description extended with novel attributes (cf Example <a href="#merge-with-rename">merge-with-rename</a>).
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+There is no construct in PROV-DM to create such named bundles. Instead, it is assumed that some mechanism, outside PROV-DM can create them. However, from a provenance viewpoint, such accounts are things we may want to describe the provenance of. In order to be able to do so, we need to see accounts as entities, whose origin can be described using PROV-DM vocabulary. Thus, PROV-DM introduces the reserved type AccountEntity, defined as follows:
+<span class="glossary" id="glossary-entity">
+ <dfn id="concept-accountEntity">AccountEntity</dfn> is the category of entities that are accounts, i.e. named bundles of provenance descriptions.
+</span>
+</p>
+
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="data-model-constraints">
+<h2>Constraints Applicable to PROV-DM </h2>
+
+<p>In [[PROV-DM]], a data model for provenance has been defined without introducing any constraint that this data model has to satisfy. In <a href="#prov-dm-refinement">Section 2</a>, various notions have been introduced, attributes, event, entity interval, activity interval, accounts, which underpin the PROV-DM data model. Using these notion, we explore the constraints
+that the PROV-DM data model has to satisfy. </p>
+
+<div class='note'>
+<p> Overview the kind of constraints</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Definitional constraints (<a href="#definitional-constraints">Section 4</a>)</li>
+<li>Account constraints (<a href="#account-constraints">Section 5</a>)</li>
+<li>Event ordering constraints (<a href="#interpretation">Section 6</a>)</li>
+<li>Structural constraints (<a href="#structural-constraints">Section 7</a>)</li>
+<li>Collection constraints (<a href="#collection-constraints">Section 8</a>)</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="definitional-constraints">
+
+<h2>PROV-DM Definitional Constraints and Inferences</h2>
+
+<p>In this section, we revisit elements and relations of PROV-DM, and examine and examine the constraints associated with their definitions. </p>
+
+
+<div class='note'>
+Proposing to remove the subsections in this section, since some have no constraints.
+</div>
+
+
+ <section id="term-element">
+<h3>Element</h3>
+
+ <section id="term-Entity">
+
+<h4>Entity</h4>
+
+
+<p>
+An <dfn>entity</dfn> is a thing in the world one wants to provide provenance for and whose situation in the world is represented by some attribute-value pairs; an entity's attribute-value pairs remain unchanged during an entity's characterization interval,
+ i.e. a continuous interval between two <a title="event">instantaneous events</a> in the world, namely its <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> and its <a title="entity destruction event">destruction event</a>.</p>
+
+
+Further considerations:
+<ul>
+<li>In order to describe something over several intervals, it is required to create multiple entities (either by direct
+assertion or by inference), each with its own identifier (so as to allow potential dependencies between the various entity records).
+
+
+</li>
+
+<li>There is no assumption that the set of attributes is complete and that the attributes are independent or orthogonal of each other.</li>
+
+<li>A characterization interval may collapse into a single instant.</li>
+
+
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<div class='issue'>The characterization interval of an entity record is currently implicit. Making it explicit would allow us to define alternateOf and specializationOf more precisely.
+Beginning and end of characterization interval could be expressed by attributes (similarly to activities).
+How do we define the end of an entity? This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/204">ISSUE-204</a>.
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="term-Activity">
+
+<h3>Activity</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>An activity is anything that involves entities. An activity is delimited by its <a title="activity start event">start</a> and its <a title="activity end event">end</a> events; hence, it occurs over
+an interval delimited by two <a title="event">instantaneous events</a>. However, an activity need not mention time information, nor duration, because they may not be known.
+An activity's attribute-value pairs remain unchanged during an activity's interval, i.e. an interval between two instantaneous events in the world, namely its <a title="activity start event">start</a> event and its <a title="activity end event">end</a> event.
+</p>
+
+<div class="interpretation-forward">
+For the interpretation of an activity, see <a href="#start-precedes-end">start-precedes-end</a>.
+</div>
+
+<p>Further considerations:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>An activity is not an entity.
+Indeed, an entity exists in full at
+any point in its lifetime, persists during this
+interval, and preserves the characteristics that makes it
+identifiable. In contrast, an activity is something that happens,
+unfolds or develops through time, but is typically not identifiable by
+the characteristics it exhibits at any point during its duration.
+This distinction is similar to the distinction between
+'continuant' and 'occurrent' in logic [[Logic]].</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Agent">
+<h3>Agent</h3>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='issue'> Shouldn't we allow for entities (not agent) to be associated with an activity? Should we drop the inference association-agent? <a
+href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/203">ISSUE-203</a>.
+
+<p>One can assert an agent record or alternatively, one can infer an agent record
+by its association with an activity. </p>
+
+<div class='inference' id='association-agent'>
+<span class='conditional'>If</span> the records <span class="name">entity(e,attrs)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span> hold for some identifiers
+<span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span>, and attribute-values <span class="name">attrs</span>, then
+the record <span class="name">agent(e,attrs)</span> also holds.
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+ <section id="term-note">
+
+<h4>Note</h4>
+
+<p>Attribute-value pairs occurring in notes are application specific. Thus, their interpretation is outside the scope of this document, and they are not subject to any of the constraints listed in this document. </p>
+
+
+
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="term-relation">
+<h3>PROV-DM Relations</h3>
+
+
+
+<section id="term-Generation">
+<h4>Generation</h4>
+
+
+<p>A <dfn id="dfn-Generation">generation</dfn> is an instantaneous world <a title="entity generation event">event</a>, the completed creation of a new
+entity by an activity. This entity become available for usage after this <a title="event">instantaneous
+event</a>. This entity did not exist before creation.
+ This <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> encompasses a description of the modalities of generation of this entity by this activity, by means of key-value pairs.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>
+A generation's id is OPTIONAL. It MUST be used when annotating generations (see Section <a href="#term-annotation">Annotation</a>) or when defining precise
+derivations (see <a href="#Derivation-Relation">Derivation</a>).
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="interpretation-forward">
+For the interpretation of a generation, see <a href="#generation-within-activity">generation-within-activity</a>.
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p></p>
+<div class="structural-forward">
+See <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a> for a structural constraint on generations.
+</div>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="term-Usage">
+<h3>Usage</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>A <dfn id="dfn-Use">usage</dfn> is an instantaneous world <a title="entity usage event">event</a>: an activity beginning to consume an entity.
+Before this event, the activity had not begun to consume or use to this entity.
+ The description includes the modalities of usage of this entity by this activity.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+A usage id is OPTIONAL. It MUST be present when annotating usages (see Section <a href="#term-annotation">Annotation</a>) or when defining precise derivations (see
+<a href="#Derivation-Relation">Derivation</a>).</p>
+
+<p>
+A reference to a given entity MAY appear in multiple usages for a given activity identifier.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="interpretation-forward">
+For the interpretation of a usage, see <a href="#generation-precedes-usage">generation-precedes-usage</a> and <a href="#usage-within-activity">usage-within-activity</a>.
+</div>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="term-ActivityAssociation">
+<h4>Activity Association</h4>
+
+<div class="interpretation-forward">
+For the interpretation of an activity association, see <a href="#wasAssociatedWith-ordering">wasAssociatedWith-ordering</a>.
+</div>
+
+
+<div class='issue'> The activity association record does not allow for a plan to be asserted without an agent.
+This seems over-restrictive. Discussed in the context of <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/203">ISSUE-203</a>.</div>
+
+
+<div class='issue'> Agents should not be inferred. WasAssociatedWith should also work with entities.
+This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/206">ISSUE-206</a>.</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Start-End">
+<h4>Start and Ends</h4>
+
+
+<div class='issue'>
+Should we define start/end records as representation of activity start/end events.
+Should time be associated with these events rather than with activities. This will be similar to what
+we do for entities. This is issue <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/207">ISSUE-207</a>.</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="term-responsibility">
+
+<h4>Responsibility Chain</h4>
+
+
+Nothing here.
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="Derivation-Relation">
+<h4>Derivation</h4>
+
+<p>A derivation is more informative if it contains a reference to an activity, generation, and usage. Hence, the following implication
+holds.</p>
+<div class='inference' id='derivation-implication'>
+Given two entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> the assertion <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,
+e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</span>
+ holds for some generation <span class="name">g2</span>, usage <span class="name">u1</span>, and set of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs</span>, then <span
+class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1, attrs)</span> also holds.<br>
+ </div>
+
+<div class="interpretation-forward">
+For the interpretation of a derivation, see <a href="#derivation-usage-generation-ordering">derivation-usage-generation-ordering</a> and <a
+href="#derivation-generation-generation-ordering">derivation-generation-generation-ordering</a>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>
+Note that inferring derivation from usage and generation does not hold
+in general. Indeed, when a generation <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(g, e2, a, attrs2)</span>
+<a>precedes</a> <span class="name">used(u, a, e1, attrs1)</span>, for
+some <span class="name">e1</span>, <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="name">attrs1</span>, <span class="name">attrs2</span>, and <span class="name">a</span>, one
+cannot infer derivation <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g, u)</span>
+or <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> since
+of <span class="name">e2</span> cannot possibly be derived from
+ <span class="name">e1</span>, given the creation of <span class="name">e2</span> <a>precedes</a> the use
+of <span class="name">e1</span>.
+</p>
+
+
+<p></p>
+<div class="structural-forward">
+See <a href="#derivation-use">derivation-use</a> for a structural constraint on derivations.
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class='issue'> Emphasize the notion of 'affected by' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/133">ISSUE-133</a>.</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="term-alternate-specialization">
+
+<h4>Alternate and Specializations</h4>
+
+<p>Nothing to add here</p>
+
+ <div class="note">
+In order to further convey the intended meaning, the following properties are associated to these two relations.
+
+ <ul>
+ <li><span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> is <strong>transitive</strong>: <span class="name">specializationOf(e3,e2)</span> and <span
+class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> implies <span class="name">specializationOf(e3,e1)</span>.
+
+ <li><span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> is <strong>anti-symmetric</strong>: <span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> implies that <span
+class="name">specializationOf(e1,e2)</span> does not hold.
+ <li><span class="name">alternateOf(e2,e1)</span> is <strong>symmetric</strong>: <span class="name">alternateOf(e2,e1)</span> implies <span class="name">alternateOf(e1,e2)</span>.
+ </ul>
+
+There are proposals to make alternateOf a transitive property. This is still under discussion and the default is for alternateOf <strong>not</strong> to be transitive, and this is what the current text reflects.</div>
+
+
+<div class='issue'>A discussion on alternative definition of these relations has not reached a satisfactory conclusion yet. This is <a
+href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/29">ISSUE-29</a>. Also <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/96">ISSUE-96</a>.</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+ <section id="common-relations">
+<h2>PROV-DM Common Relations</h2>
+
+<p>This section contains constraints associated with PROV-DM common relations.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="term-traceability">
+<h3>Traceability</h3>
+
+
+<p>Traceability can be inferred from existing descriptions, or can be asserted stating that a dependency path exists without its individual steps being expressed. This is captured
+by the following inference and constraint, respectively.
+
+<div class='inference' id='traceability-inference'>
+Given two identifiers <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span> for entities,
+the following statements hold:
+
+<ol>
+<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1)</span> holds, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">g2</span>, <span
+class="name">u1</span>, <span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds.</li>
+<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also
+holds.</li>
+<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr) and wasAssociatedWith(a,e1)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span> and <span
+class="name">gAttr</span>, <span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds.</li>
+<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr)</span>, <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span> and <span
+class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(e,e1)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span>, and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, <span
+class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds.</li>
+<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr) and wasStartedBy(a,e1,sAttr)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span
+class="name">e</span>, and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, and <span class="name">sAttr</span>, <span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also
+holds.</li>
+<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e)</span> and <span class="name">tracedTo(e,e1)</span> hold for some <span class="name">e</span>, <span
+class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds.</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+
+<p>We note that the inference rule <a href="#traceability-inference">traceability-inference</a> does not allow us to infer attributes, which are application specific. </p>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='traceability-assertion'>
+<span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(r2,r1,attrs)</span> holds for two identifiers <span class="name">r2</span> and <span class="name">r1</span>
+identifying entities, and attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs</span>,
+ <span class='conditional'>then</span> there exist
+<span class="name">e<sup>0</sup></span>, <span class="name">e<sup>1</sup></span>, ..., <span class="name">e<sup>n</sup></span> for <span class="name">n≥1</span>, with <span
+class="name">e<sup>0</sup></span>=<span class="name">r2</span> and <span class="name">e<sup>n</sup></span>=<span class="name">r1</span>, and
+for any i such that <span class="name">0≤i≤n-1</span>, at least of the following statements holds:
+<ul>
+<li> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>,a,g2,u1)</span> holds, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">g2</span>, <span class="name">u1</span>,
+or</li>
+<li> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span> holds, or</li>
+<li> <span class="name">wasBasedOn(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span> holds, or</li>
+<li> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr) and wasAssociatedWith(a,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span> and <span
+class="name">gAttr</span>, or</li>
+<li> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr)</span>, <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span> and <span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(e,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span> hold,
+for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span> and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, or</li>
+<li> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr) and wasStartedBy(a,e<sup>i+1</sup>,sAttr)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span>, and
+<span class="name">gAttr</span>, and <span class="name">sAttr</span>.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<p>We note that the previous constraint is not really an inference <em>rule</em>, since there is nothing that we can actually infer. Instead, this constraint should simply be seen as part
+of the definition of the traceability relation. </p>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-OrderingOfActivities">
+<h3>Activity Ordering</h3>
+
+
+
+<p> An information flow ordering relation is formally defined as follows.</p>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='wasInformedBy-Definition'>Given two activities identified by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>,
+ <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span>
+holds, <span class='conditional'>if and only if</span>
+ there is an entity with some identifier <span class="name">e</span> and some sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs1</span> and <span class="name">attrs2</span>,
+such that <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a1,attrs1)</span> and <span class="name">used(a2,e,attrs2)</span> hold.
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="interpretation-forward">
+For the interpretation of an information flow ordering, see <a href="#wasInformedBy-ordering">wasInformedBy-ordering</a>.
+</div>
+
+
+<p>The relationship <span class="name">wasInformedBy</span> is not transitive. Indeed, consider the following fragment.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasInformedBy(a2,a1)
+wasInformedBy(a3,a2)
+</pre>
+<p> We cannot infer <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a3,a1)</span> from these expressions. Indeed,
+from
+<span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span>, we know that there exists <span class="name">e1</span> such that <span class="name">e1</span> was generated by <span class="name">a1</span>
+and used by <span class="name">a2</span>. Likewise, from <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a3,a2)</span>, we know that there exists <span class="name">e2</span> such that <span
+class="name">e2</span> was generated by <span class="name">a2</span> and used by <span class="name">a3</span>. The following illustration shows a case for which transitivity cannot hold. The
+horizontal axis represents the event line. We see that <span class="name">e1</span> was generated after <span class="name">e2</span> was used. Furthermore, the illustration also shows that
+<span class="name">a3</span> completes before <span class="name">a1</span>. So it is impossible for <span class="name">a3</span> to have used an entity generated by <span
+class="name">a1</span>.</p>
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<img src="images/informedByNonTransitive.png" alt="non transitivity of wasInformedBy" />
+<figcaption>Counter-example for transitivity of wasInformedBy</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+<p>Control ordering between two activities denoted by <span class="name">a2</span> and <span class="name">a1</span> is specified as follows.</p>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='wasStartedBy'>Given two activities with identifiers <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>,
+ <span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,a1)</span>
+holds <span class='conditional'>if and only if</span>
+ there exist an entity with some identifier <span class="name">e</span>
+and some attributes <span class="name">gAttr</span> and <span class="name">sAttr</span>,
+such that
+ <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a1,gAttr)</span>
+ and <span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,e,sAttr)</span> hold.
+</div>
+
+<p>We note that an activity start associates an activity with an agent, and is denoted by the name <span class="name">wasStartedBy</span>. A <a>control ordering</a> relation associates an
+activity with another activity, also denoted by the name <span class="name">wasStartedBy</span>. Effectively, by considering both relation types, the relation <span
+class="name">wasStartedBy</span> has a range formed by the union of agents and activities.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="interpretation-forward">
+For the interpretation of a control flow ordering, see <a href="#wasStartedBy-ordering">wasStartedBy-ordering</a>.
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Revision">
+<h3>Revision</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>A revision needs to satisfy the following constraint, linking the two entities by a derivation, and stating them to be a specialization of a third entity.</p>
+
+<div class='inference' id='wasRevision'>
+Given two identifiers <span class="name">old</span> and <span class="name">new</span> identifying two entities, and an identifier <span class="name">ag</span> identifying an agent,
+<span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasRevisionOf(new,old,ag)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span>
+there exists an entity with some identifier <span class="name">e</span> and some attribute-values <span class="name">eAttrs</span>, <span class="name">dAttrs</span>, such that the following
+hold:
+<ul>
+<li> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(new,old,dAttrs)</span>;
+<li> <span class="name">entity(e,eAttrs)</span>;
+<li> <span class="name">specializationOf(new,e)</span>;
+<li> <span class="name">specializationOf(old,e)</span>.
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="name">wasRevisionOf</span> is a strict sub-relation
+ of <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom</span> since two entities <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span>
+ may satisfy <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> without being a variant of
+ each other.
+</p>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="recod-attribution">
+<h3>Attribution</h3>
+
+
+<div class='inference' id='attribution-implication'>
+<span class='conditional'>If</span>
+<span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e,ag)</span> holds for some identifiers
+<span class="name">e</span> and <span class="name">ag</span>,
+<span class='conditional'>then</span>, there exists an activity with some identifier <span class="name">a</span> such that the following statements hold:
+<pre>
+activity(a,t1,t2,attr1)
+wasGenerateBy(e,a)
+wasAssociatedWith(a,ag,attr2)
+</pre>
+for some sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attr1</span> and <span class="name">attr2</span>, time <span class="name">t1</span>, and <span class="name">t2</span>.
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="term-quotation">
+<h3>Quotation</h3>
+
+
+<div class='inference' id='quotation-implication'>
+<span class='conditional'>If</span>
+<span class="name">wasQuotedFrom(e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</span> holds for some identifiers
+<span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="name">e1</span>, <span class="name">ag2</span>, <span class="name">ag1</span>,
+<span class='conditional'>then</span> the following hold:
+<pre>
+wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)
+wasAttributedTo(e2,ag2)
+wasAttributedTo(e1,ag1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="term-orignal-source">
+<h3>Original Source</h3>
+
+<p>Nothing specific.</p>
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="term-Collection">
+<h3>Collections</h3>
+
+<p>Nothing specific, here, everything in Collection constraint section</p>
+
+</section>
+
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="account-constraints">
+<h3>PROV-DM Account Constraints</h3>
+
+
+<p>PROV-DM allows for multiple descriptions of entities (and in general any identifiable object) to be expressed. </p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example-two-entities-one-id">
+<p>Let us consider two descriptions of a same entity, which we have taken from two different contexts (see example). A working draft published by the <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>:</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+</pre>
+The second version of a document edited by some authors:
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
+</pre>
+<p>Both descriptions are about the same entity identified by
+<span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>, but they contain different attributes, reflecting the context in which they occur.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>Two different descriptions of a same entity cannot co-exist in a same account
+ as formalized in <a href="#unique-description-in-account">unique-description-in-account</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='unique-description-in-account'>
+<p>Given an entity identifier <span class="name">e</span>, there is at most one description
+<span class="name">entity(e,av)</span> occurring in a given account, where <span class="name">av</span> is some set of attribute-values. Other descriptions of the same entity can exist in different accounts.</p>
+
+<p>This constraint similarly applies to all other types of identifiable entities and relations.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+ <div class="structural-forward">
+ See Section <a href="#structural-constraints">structural-constraints</a> for a structural constraint on accounts
+ </div>
+
+
+<p>In some cases, there may be a requirement for the two descriptions to be included in a same account. To satisfy the constraint <a href="#unique-description-in-account">unique-description-in-account</a>, we can adopt a different identifier for one of them, and relate the two descriptions with the <span class="name">alternateOf</span> relation. </p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="merge-with-rename">
+<p>We now reconsider the same two descriptions of a same entity, but we change the identifier for one of them:</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+entity(ex:alternate-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
+alternateOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex:alternate-20111215)
+alternateOf(ex:alternate-20111215,tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+ <section id="interpretation">
+<h3>PROV-DM Event Ordering Constraints</h3>
+
+<p>Section <a href="#section-time-event">section-time-event</a>
+introduces a notion of <a title="event">instantaneous event</a>
+marking changes in the world, in its activities and entities. PROV-DM
+identifies five kinds of <a title="event">instantaneous events</a>, namely <a>entity generation
+event</a>, <a>entity usage event</a>, <a>entity destruction event</a>, <a>activity start event</a>
+and <a>activity end event</a>. PROV-DM adopts Lamport's clock
+assumptions [[CLOCK]] in the form of a reflexive, transitive partial order <a>follows</a>
+(and its inverse <a>precedes</a>) between <a title="event">instantaneous events</a>. Furthermore,
+PROV-DM assumes the existence of a mapping from <a title="event">instantaneous events</a> to time clocks,
+though the actual mapping is not in scope of this specification.</p>
+
+<p>Given that provenance consists of a description of past entities
+and activities, to be meaningful provenance descriptions MUST
+satisfy <em>instantaneous event ordering constraints</em>, which we introduce in
+this section. For instance, an entity can only be used after it was
+generated; hence, we say that an entity's <a title="entity generation
+event">generation event</a> precedes any of this
+entity's <a title="entity usage event">usage event</a>. Should this
+ordering constraint be proven invalid, the associated generation and
+usage could not be credible. The rest of this section defines
+the <dfn>temporal interpretation</dfn> of provenance descriptions as a
+set of instantaneous event ordering constraints. </p>
+
+
+<p>PROV-DM also allows for time observations to be inserted in
+specific provenance descriptions, for each of the four kinds
+of <a title="event">instantaneous events</a> introduced in this specification. The
+presence of a time observation for a given <a>instantaneous event</a> fixes the
+mapping of this <a>instantaneous event</a> to the timeline. The presence of time
+information in a provenance description instantiates the ordering constraint with
+that time information. It is expected that such instantiated
+constraint can help corroborate provenance information. We anticipate
+that verification algorithms could be developedm, though this
+verification is outside the scope of this specification.
+</p>
+
+<p>The following figure summarizes the ordering constraints in a
+graphical manner. For each subfigure, an event time line points to the
+right. Activities are represented by rectangles, whereas entities are
+represented by circles. Usage, generation and derivation are
+represented by the corresponding edges between entities and
+activities. The four kind of <a title="event">instantaneous events</a> are represented by vertical
+dotted lines (adjacent to the vertical sides of an activity's
+rectangle, or intersecting usage and generation edges). The ordering
+constraints are represented by triangles: an occurrence of a triangle between two <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> vertical dotted lines represents that the event denoted by the left
+line precedes the event denoted by the right line.</p>
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<img src="images/constraints.png" alt="constraints between events" />
+<figcaption id="constraint-summary">Summary of <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>The mere existence of an activity entails some <a>event</a> ordering in the world, since an <a>activity start event</a> always <a>precedes</a> the corresponding <a>activity end
+event</a>. This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (a) and expressed by constraint <a href="#start-precedes-end">start-precedes-end</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='interpretation' id='start-precedes-end'> The following ordering constraint holds for any activity: the
+<a title="activity start event">start event</a> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity end event">end event</a>.</div>
+
+<p> A usage and a generation for a given entity implies ordering of <a title="event">events</a> in the world, since the <a title="entity generation
+event">generation event</a> had to precede the <a title="entity usage event">usage event</a>. This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (b) and expressed by constraint <a href="#generation-precedes-usage">generation-precedes-usage</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='interpretation' id='generation-precedes-usage'>For any entity, the following ordering constraint holds: the <a title="entity generation event">generation</a> of an entity always
+<a>precedes</a> any of its <a title="entity usage event">usages</a>.
+</div>
+
+<p>A usage implies ordering of <a title="event">events</a> in the world, since the <a title="entity usage event">usage event</a> had to occur during the associated activity. This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (c) and expressed by constraint <a href="#usage-within-activity">usage-within-activity</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='interpretation' id='usage-within-activity'>Given an activity with identifier <span class="name">a</span>, an entity with identifier <span class="name">e</span>, a set
+of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs</span>, and optional time <span class="name">t</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span>
+ assertion <span class="name">used(a,e,attrs)</span> or <span class="name">used(a,e,attrs,t)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraint holds:
+ the <a title="entity usage event">usage</a> of the entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity end event">end</a> of
+activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> and <a>follows</a> its <a title="activity start event">start</a>.
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>A generation implies ordering of <a title="event">events</a> in the world, since the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> had to occur during the associated activity. This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (d) and expressed by constraint <a href="#generation-within-activity">generation-within-activity</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='interpretation' id='generation-within-activity'>Given an activity with identifier <span class="name">a</span>, an entity with identifier <span class="name">e</span>, a set
+of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs</span>, and optional time <span class="name">t</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a,attrs)</span> or <span
+class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a,attrs,t)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraint also holds: the <a title="entity generation
+event">generation</a> of the entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity end event">end</a>
+of activity <span class="name">a</span> and <a>follows</a> the <a title="activity start event">start</a> of <span class="name">a</span>.
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<p>If there is a derivation between <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span>, then
+this means that the entity <span class="name">e1</span> had some form of influence on the entity <span class="name">e2</span>; for this to be possible, some event ordering must be satisfied.
+First, we consider derivations, where the activity and usage are known. In that case, the <a title="entity usage event">usage</a> of <span class="name">e1</span> has to precede the <a title="entity generation
+event">generation</a> of <span class="name">e2</span>.
+This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (e) and expressed by constraint <a
+href="#derivation-usage-generation-ordering">derivation-usage-generation-ordering</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div class='interpretation' id='derivation-usage-generation-ordering'>Given an activity with identifier <span class="name">a</span>, entities with identifier <span
+class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, a generation identified by <span class="name">g2</span>, and a usage identified by <span class="name">u1</span>, <span
+class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1,attrs)</span>
+ holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span>
+the following ordering constraint holds:
+the <a title="entity usage event">usage</a>
+of entity denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="entity generation event">generation</a> of
+the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span>.
+</div>
+
+<p>When the usage is unknown, a similar constraint exists, except that the constraint refers to its
+generation event, as
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (f) and expressed by constraint <a
+href="#derivation-generation-generation-ordering">derivation-generation-generation-ordering</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='interpretation' id='derivation-generation-generation-ordering'>
+Given two entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span
+class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1, attrs)</span>
+ holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraint holds:
+the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> of the entity denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a>
+of
+the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span>.
+ </div>
+
+<p>Note that event ordering is between generations of <span class="name">e1</span>
+and <span class="name">e2</span>, as opposed to derivation where usage is known,
+which implies ordering ordering between the usage of <span class="name">e1</span> and
+generation of <span class="name">e2</span>. </p>
+
+<p> Information flow ordering between two activities <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> also implies ordering of <a
+title="event">events</a> in the world, since some entity must have been generated by the former and used by the later, which implies that the start event of <span class="name">a1</span>
+cannot follow the end event of <span class="name">a2</span>. This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (g) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasInformedBy-ordering">wasInformedBy-ordering</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='interpretation' id='wasInformedBy-ordering'>
+Given two activities denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span
+class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span>
+ holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraint holds:
+the <a title="activity start event">start event</a> of the activity denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity end event">end event</a> of
+the activity denoted by <span class="name">a2</span>.
+</div>
+
+<p>Control flow ordering between two activities <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> also implies ordering of <a
+title="event">events</a> in the world, since <span class="name">a1</span> must have been active before <span class="name">a2</span> started. This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (h) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasStartedBy-ordering">wasStartedBy-ordering</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div class='interpretation' id='wasStartedBy-ordering'>
+Given two activities denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span
+class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,a1)</span>
+ holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraint holds: the
+<a title="activity start event">start</a> event of the activity denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity start event">start event</a> of
+the activity denoted by <span class="name">a2</span>.
+</div>
+
+<div class='issue'>In the following, we assume that we can talk about the end of an entity (or agent)
+For this, we use the term 'destruction' This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/204">ISSUE-204</a>.
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Further constraints appear in Figure <a href="#constraint-summary2">constraint-summary2</a> and are discussed below.</p>
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<img src="images/constraints2.png" alt="further constraints between events" />
+<figcaption id="constraint-summary2">Summary of <a title="event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints (continued)</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>An agent that started an activity must exist when the activity starts.
+This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary2">constraint-summary2</a> (a) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasStartedByAgent-ordering">wasStartedByAgent-ordering</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div class='interpretation' id='wasStartedByAgent-ordering'>
+Given an activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> and an agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span
+class="name">wasStartedBy(a,ag)</span>
+ holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraints hold: the
+<a title="activity start event">start</a> event of the activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> <a>follows</a> the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> for agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, and
+<a>precedes</a> the destruction event of
+the same agent.
+</div>
+
+
+<p>An activity that was associated with an agent must have some overlap with the agent. The agent may be generated, or may only become associated with the activity, after its start: so, the agent is required to exist before the activity end. Likewise, the agent may be destructed, or may terminate its association with the activity, before the activity end: hence, the agent destruction is required to happen after the activity start.
+This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary2">constraint-summary2</a> (b) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasAssociatedWith-ordering">wasAssociatedWith-ordering</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div class='interpretation' id='wasAssociatedWith-ordering'>
+Given an activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> and an agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span
+class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,ag)</span>
+ holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraints hold: the
+<a title="activity start event">start</a> event of the activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span>
+precedes the destruction event of
+the agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, and
+ the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> for agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>
+<a>precedes</a> the activity <a title="activity end event">end</a> event.
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="issue">
+For completeness, we should define ordering constraint for wasAssociatedWith and actedOnBehalfOf.
+For wasAssociatedWith(a,ag), it feels that ag must have some overlap with a.
+For actedOnBehalfOf(ag1,ag2,a), it seem that ag2 should have existed before the overlap between ag1 and a. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/221">ISSUE-221</a>.
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="issue">
+It is suggested that a stronger name for wasAssociatedWith should be adopted.
+This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/182">ISSUE-182</a>.
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="structural-constraints">
+<h3>PROV-DM Structural Constraints</h3>
+
+<p><a href="#definitional-constraints">Section 4</a> provides definitional constraints for data model concepts.
+<a href="#account-constraints">Section 5</a> introduces constraints on descriptions occurring in accounts.
+<a href="#interpretation">Section 6</a> defines an interpretation of this data model, in terms of event ordering
+constraints.
+This section introduces further constraints on the structure of PROV-DM descriptions. Descriptions that satisfy these constraints are said to be <dfn>structurally well-formed</dfn>. A
+benefit of structurally well-formed provenance descriptions is that further inferences can be made, because descriptions are more precise, and therefore, richer. </p>
+
+<p>According to the definition of a <a>generation</a>, an entity becomes available after this entity's generation event, and does not exist before this event. From this definition,
+we conclude that PROV-DM does not allow for an entity to have two generations occurring at two different instants.
+The rationale for this constraint is as follows.
+ Two distinct <a title="entity generation event">generation events</a> (by a same activity or by two distinct activities), occurring one after the other, necessarily create two distinct
+entities; otherwise, the second <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> would have resulted in an entity that existed before its creation, which contradicts the definition of
+<a>generation</a>.</p>
+
+<p>So, PROV-DM allows for two distinct <a>generations</a> <span class="name">g1</span> and <span class="name">g2</span> referencing a same entity provided they occur
+<em>simultaneously</em>.
+<!-- (This means that <span class="name">g1</span> <a>precedes</a> <span class="name">g2</span> and <span class="name">g2</span> <a>precedes</a> <span class="name">g1</span>.) -->
+ In practice, for such a simultaneous generation to occur, the generation event has to be unique and caused by a <em>single world activity</em>, though provenance may contain
+several descriptions for the <em>same</em> world activity.
+</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+In the following assertions, a workflow execution <span class="name">a0</span> consists of two sub-workflow executions <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>.
+Sub-workflow execution <span class="name">a2</span> generates entity <span class="name">e</span>, so does <span class="name">a0</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(a0,,,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
+activity(a1,,,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
+activity(a2,,,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
+wasInformedBy(a2,a1)
+
+wasGeneratedBy(e,a0)
+wasGeneratedBy(e,a2)
+</pre>
+<p>So, we have two different <a title="generation">generations</a> for entity <span class="name">e</span>. Such an example is permitted in PROV-DM if the two activities denoted by <span class="name">a0</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> are a single thing happening in the world
+but described from different perspectives.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>While this example is permitted in PROV-DM, it does not make the inter-relation between activities explicit, and it mixes descriptions expressed from different perspectives together.
+While this may acceptable in some specific applications, it becomes challenging for inter-operability. Indeed, PROV-DM does not offer any relation describing the structure of activities.
+ Such descriptions are said not be structurally well-formed.</p>
+
+<p>Structurally well-formed provenance can be obtained by partitioning the generations into different accounts. This makes it clear that these generations provide alternative
+descriptions of the same real-world generation event, rather than describing two distinct generation events for the same entity. When accounts are used, the example can be encoded as follows.</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The same example is now revisited, with the following assertions that are structurally well-formed. Two accounts are introduced, and there is a single generation for entity <span
+class="name">e</span> per account.</p>
+
+<p>In a first account, entitled "summary", we find:</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ activity(a0,t1,t2,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
+ wasGeneratedBy(e,a0)
+</pre>
+<p>In a second account, entitled "detail", we find:</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ activity(a1,t1,t3,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
+ activity(a2,t3,t2,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
+ wasInformedBy(a2,a1)
+ wasGeneratedBy(e,a2)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>Structurally well-formed provenance satisfies some constraints, which force the structure of descriptions to be exposed by means of accounts. With these constraints satisfied, further
+inferences can be made about structurally well-formed descriptons.
+The uniqueness of generations in accounts is formulated as follows.
+</p>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='generation-uniqueness'>Given an entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span>, two activities denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span
+class="name">a2</span>, and two sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs1</span> and <span class="name">attrs2</span>,
+<span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id1,e,a1,attrs1)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id2,e,a2,attrs2)</span> exist in the scope of a given
+account,
+<span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">id1</span>=<span class="name">id2</span>, <span class="name">a1</span>=<span class="name">a2</span> and <span class="name">attrs1</span>=<span class="name">attrs2</span>.
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<p>A further inference is permitted from derivations with an explicit activity and no usage: </p>
+<div class='inference' id='derivation-use'>
+<p>Given an activity <span class="name">a</span>, entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, and sets of attribute-value
+pairs <span class="name">dAttrs</span>, <span class="name">gAttrs</span>,
+<span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1, a, dAttrs)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttrs)</span> hold, <span
+class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">used(a,e1,uAttrs)</span> also holds
+for some set of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">uAttrs</span>.
+</div>
+<p>This inference is justified by the fact that the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span> is generated by at most one activity in a given account
+(see <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a>). Hence, this activity is also the one referred to by the usage of <span class="name">e1</span>.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>We note that the converse inference, does not hold.
+From <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> and <span class="name">used(a,e1)</span>, one cannot
+derive <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,attrs2)</span> because identifier <span class="name">e1</span> may occur in usages performed by many activities, which may have not generated the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span>.</p>
+
+
+<p>
+An account is said to be structurally well-formed if
+it satisfies the constraint <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a>. If an account is structurally well-formed, it support the inference <a
+href="#derivation-use">derivation-use</a>.</p>
+
+<p> Taking the union of two accounts is another account,
+formed by the union of the descriptions they respectively contain. We note that the resulting union may or may not invalidate some constraints:
+<ul>
+<li> Two entity descriptions with a same identifier but different sets of attributes exist in each original account may invalidate <a href="#unique-description-in-account">unique-description-in-account</a> in the union, unless some form of description merging or renaming (as per <a href="#merge-with-rename">Example</a>) occurs.
+<li> Structurally well-formed
+accounts are not
+closed under union because the
+constraint <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a> may no
+longer be satisfied in the resulting union. </li>
+</ul>
+<p>How to reconcile such accounts is beyond the scope of this specification.</p>
+
+<!--
+Indeed, let us reconsider example <a href="#account-example-1">account-example-1</a>, and let us define another account record as follows.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+account(ex:acc2,
+ http://example.org/asserter2,
+ entity(e0, [ prov:type="File", ex:path="/shared/crime.txt", ex:creator="Alice" ])
+ ...
+ activity(a1,t1,,[prov:type="createFile"])
+ ...
+ wasGeneratedBy(e0,a1,[ex:fct="create"])
+ ... )
+</pre>
+<p>with identifier <span class="name">ex:acc2</span>, containing assertions by asserter by <span class="name">http://example.org/asserter2</span> stating that the entity represented by
+entity record identified by <span class="name">e0</span> was generated by an activity represented by activity record identified by <span class="name">a1</span> instead of <span
+class="name">a0</span> in the previous account <span class="name">ex:acc0</span>. If accounts <span class="name">ex:acc0</span> and <span class="name">ex:acc2</span> are merged together,
+the resulting set of records violates <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a> if the two activities <span class="name">a0</span> and <span class="name">a1</span> are
+distinct.</p>
+</div>
+-->
+
+<div class="note">
+Can the semantics characterize better what can be achieved with structurally well-formed accounts?
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="note" id="note-related-to-issue-105">
+Satya discussed the example of a sculpture, whose hand and leg are sculpted independently by two different sculptors. He suggested that the sculpture is generated by two distinct activities.
+This section explains that it is not the case. The example can be formulated as follows.
+
+<p><a href="examples/sculpture.pn">Sculpture example in PROV-N</a></p>
+
+<p><a href="examples/sculpture.png">Sculpture example image</a></p>
+
+<p>
+We see that ex:s_3 (the sculpture in its final state) was derived from ex:l_2 (containment) which was generated by ex:a2. However, ex:s_3 is not directly generated by ex:a2. We may want to
+consider an abbreviation for this: wasGeneratedBy*(ex:s_3,ex:a2).</p>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="collection-constraints">
+<h3>PROV-DM Collection Constraints</h3>
+
+<div class='note'>
+Edited by PM --- TBC
+</div>
+
+
+<div class='constraint' id='collection-parallel-insertions'>
+<p>One can have multiple assertions regarding the state of a collection following a <em>set</em> of insertions, for example:</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, k1, v1)
+CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, k2, v2)
+...
+</pre>
+<p>This is interpreted as <em>" <span class="name">c2</span> is the state that results from inserting <span class="name">(k1, v1)</span>, <span class="name">(k2, v2)</span> etc. into <span class="name">c1</span>"</em></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class='note'>
+Shouldn't we have the same for deletion, and combination of insertion and deletion?
+</div>
+
+
+<div class='constraint' id='collection-branching-derivations'>
+It is possible to have multiple derivations from a single root collection, as shown in the following example.
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection
+ entity(v1)
+ entity(v2)
+ entity(v3)
+ entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"])
+ entity(c2, [prov:type="Collection"])
+ entity(c3, [prov:type="Collection"])
+
+ CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 = { (k1,v1) }
+ CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c, k2, v2) // c2 = { (k2 v2) }
+ CollectionAfterInsertion(c3, c1, k3,v3) // c3 = { (k1,v1), (k3,v3) }
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class='constraint' id='collection-unique-ancestor'>
+Given the pair of assertions:
+<pre class="codeexample">
+CollectionAfterInsertion(c, c1, k1, v1)
+CollectionAfterInsertion(c, c2, k2, v2)
+</pre>
+it follows that <span class="name">c1==c2</span>.
+</div>
+
+<div class='note'>
+Original text stated it follows that <span class="name">c1==c2, k1==k2, v1==v2</span>, because one cannot have two different derivations for the same final collection state. This is incompatible with parallel insertion constraint.
+</div>
+
+
+<div class='note'>
+Shouldn't we have the same for deletion, and combination of insertion and deletion?
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='constraint' id='collection-unique-value-for-key'>
+Given the following set of insertions:
+<pre class="codeexample">
+CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k, v1)
+CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k, v2)
+</pre>
+it follows that <span class="name">v1==v2</span>.
+</div>
+
+
+<p>The state of a collection is only known to the extent that a chain of derivations starting from an empty collection can be found. Since a set of assertions regarding a collection's evolution may be incomplete, so is the reconstructed state obtained by querying those assertions. In general, all assertions reflect the asserter's partial knowledge of a sequence of data transformation events. In the particular case of collection evolution, in which the asserter <em>knows</em> that some of the state changes may have been missed, then the more generic <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> relation should be used to signal that some updates may have occurred, which cannot be precisely asserted as insertions or removals. The following two examples illustrate this.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ entity(c, [prov:type="collection"]) // e is a collection, possibly not empty
+ entity(v1)
+ entity(v2, [prov:type="collection"]) // v2 is a collection
+
+ CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 <em>includes</em> { (k1,v1) } but may contain additional unknown pairs
+ CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, k2, v2) // c2 includes { (k1,v1), (k2 v2) } where v2 is a collection with unknown state
+</pre>
+</div>
+ In the example, the state of <span class="name">c2</span> is only partially known because the collection is constructed from partially known other collections.
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ entity(c, [prov:type="emptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection
+ entity(v1)
+ entity(v2)
+
+ CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 = { (k1,v1) }
+ wasDerivedFrom(c2, c1) // the asserted knows that c2 is somehow derived from c1, but cannot assert the precise sequence of updates
+ CollectionAfterInsertion(c3, c2, k2, v2)
+</pre>
+
+<p>Here <span class="name">c3</span> includes <span class="name">{ (k2 v2) }</span> but the earlier "gap" leaves uncertainty regarding <span class="name">(k1,v1)</span> (it may have been removed) or any other pair that may have been added as part of the derivation activities.</p>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+
+<!--
+<section id="resource-section">
+<h2>Resources, URIs, Entities, Identifiers, and Scope</h2>
+
+<p>This specification introduces the notion of an identifiable entity in the world. In PROV-DM, an entity record is a representation of such an identifiable entity. An entity record
+includes an identifier identifying this entity. Identifiers are qualified names, which can be mapped to IRIs. </p>
+
+<p>The term 'resource' is used in a general sense
+ for whatever might be identified by a URI [[!RFC3986]]. On the Web, a URI denotes a resource, without any expectation that the resource is accessed. </p>
+
+<p>The purpose of this section is to clarify the relationship between resource and the notions of entity and entity record. </p>
+
+<p>In the context of PROV-DM, a resource is just a thing in the world. One may take multiple perspectives on such a thing and its situation in the world, fixing some its aspects.</p>
+
+<p> We refer to the <a href="#a-report-example">example</a> of section <a href="#conceptualization">2.1</a> for a resource (at some URL) and three different perspectives, referred to as
+entities. Three different entity records can be expressed for this report, which in the PROV-N sample below, are expressed within a same account.
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+container
+prefix app http://example.org/app/
+prefix cr http://example.org/crime/
+
+ account(acc1,
+ http://example.org/asserter1,
+
+ entity(app:0, [ prov:type="Document", cr:path="http://example.org/crime.txt" ])
+ entity(app:1, [ prov:type="Document", cr:path="http://example.org/crime.txt", cr:version="2.1", cr:content="...", cr:date="2011-10-07" ])
+ entity(app:2, [ prov:type="Document", cr:author="John" ])
+ ...)
+endContainer
+</pre>
+
+<p>Each entity record contains an identifier that is unique in
+account <span class="name">acc1</span>, and therefore locally
+identifies the entity record it is contained in. In this example,
+three identifiers were minted.</p>
+
+<p>Given that the report is a resource denoted by the URI <span class="name">http://example.org/crime.txt</span>, we could simply use this URI as the identifier of an entity. This would
+avoid us minting new URIs. Hence, the report URI would play a double role: as a URI it denotes a resource accessible at that URI, and as an identifier in a PROV-DM record, it helps identify
+a specific characterization of this report. A given identifier occurring in an entity record must be unique within the scope of an account. Hence, below, all entities records have been given
+the same identifier but appear in the scope of different accounts, so as to satisfy <a href="#identifiable-term-in-account">identifiable-term-in-account</a>.</p>
+
+<pre>
+container
+prefix app http://example.org/
+prefix cr http://example.org/crime/
+
+ account(acc2,
+ http://example.org/asserter1,
+
+ entity(app:crime.txt, [ prov:type="Document", cr:path="http://example.org/crime.txt" ])
+ ...)
+
+ account(acc3,
+ http://example.org/asserter1,
+
+ entity(app:crime.txt, [ prov:type="Document", cr:path="http://example.org/crime.txt", cr:version="2.1", cr:content="...", cr:date="2011-10-07" ])
+ ...)
+
+ account(acc4,
+ http://example.org/asserter1,
+ entity(app:crime.txt, [ prov:type="Document", cr:author="John" ])
+ ...)
+endContainer
+</pre>
+
+<p>In this case, the qualified name <span class="name">app:crime.txt</span> maps to URI <span class="name">http://example.org/crime.txt</span> still denotes the same resource; however, the
+perspectives we take about that resource are expressed by multiple entity records, happening to all contain the same identifier but in different accounts. </p>
+
+<p> Alternatively, if we need to assert the existence of two different perspectives on the report within the same account, then alternate identifiers MUST be used, one of them being allowed
+to be the resource URI.</p>
+
+<pre>
+container
+ prefix app http://example.org/
+ prefix app2 http://example.org/app/
+ prefix cr http://example.org/crime/
+
+ account(acc5,
+ http://example.org/asserter1,
+
+ entity(app:crime.txt, [ prov:type="Document", cr:path="http://example.org/crime.txt" ])
+ entity(app2:1, [ prov:type="Document", cr:path="http://example.org/crime.txt", cr:version="2.1", cr:content="...", cr:date="2011-10-07" ])
+
+ ...)
+endContainer
+
+</pre>
+
+
+</section>
+
+-->
+
+<!--
+<li>For use, generation, and derivation event, the first argument is the 'effect' (i.e. most recent item) and the second argument is the 'cause' (i.e. least recent item). This order is
+compatible with the temporal layout of the graphical notation.
+-->
+
+<section id="refining-provenance-descriptions">
+<h3>Refining Provenance Descriptions</h3>
+
+<div class='note'>Purely tentative</div>
+
+<p>In this section, we successively review refined provenance descriptions, and examine their meaning, in light of the constraints introduced in this specification. </p>
+
+
+<ol>
+<li>First, let us consider a small set of three descriptions, including an entity, an agent, and an attribution relation.
+<pre>
+entity(tr:prov-dm)
+agent(w3:Consortium)
+wasAttributedTo(tr:prov-dm,w3:Consortium)
+</pre>
+<p>The entity denoted by <span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span> does not contain any attribute besides its identifier. Without any further detail, this entity is simply the resource denoted by <span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span>, whatever its state over time. This resource has multiple versions including <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> and <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</span>.
+Likewise, the second line simply is a description for a resource denoted by <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>, nothing less, nothing more.</p>
+<p>The third description should be interpreted as: whatever changes entity <span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span> may have gone through, it is always attributed to the <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span> agent.</p>
+</li>
+
+
+<li>Second, the descriptions are bundled up as an account with name <span class="name">ex:acc1</span>:
+<pre>
+entity(tr:prov-dm)
+agent(ex:Simon)
+wasAttributedTo(tr:prov-dm,ex:Simon)
+</pre>
+and provenance details are available for <span class="name">ex:acc1</span>, namely the generation time for the provenance.
+<pre>
+entity(ex:acc1, [prov:type="AccountEntity"])
+wasGeneratedBy(ex:acc1,,2011-12-15T12:00:00)
+</pre>
+<div class='note'>
+What is the meaning here? Is it any different? Are stating anything about newer version of tr:prov-dm that occur after 2011-12-15T12:00:00?
+</div>
+
+<li> A generation event for <span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span> is provided.
+<pre>
+entity(tr:prov-dm)
+agent(ex:Simon)
+wasGeneratedBy(tr:prov-dm,,2011-12-15T12:00:00)
+wasAttributedTo(tr:prov-dm,ex:Simon)
+</pre>
+<div class='note'>
+What is the meaning here? that only the version that was created by this event is attributed to ex:Simon, but not previous ones. This means that it is not specfied whether he was an author in anterior versions.
+</div>
+
+</li>
+
+
+<li> A destruction event for <span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span> is provided.
+<pre>
+entity(tr:prov-dm)
+agent(ex:Simon)
+wasGeneratedBy(tr:prov-dm,,2011-12-15T12:00:00)
+wasDestroyedBy(tr:prov-dm,,2012-02-02T12:00:00)
+wasAttributedTo(tr:prov-dm,ex:Simon)
+</pre>
+<div class='note'>
+Speculative, since we have not defined the destruction event (yet?.
+What is the meaning here? that only the versions that existed during this characterization interval were attributed to ex:Simon.
+</div>
+</li>
+
+</ol>
+
+</section>
+
+<!--
+<section>
+<h3>Stuff to Keep, Maybe?</h3>
+
+
+
+
+<li id='attribute-occurrence-in-entity-record'>The attributes
+occurring in an entity record MUST be declared in the namespace
+referred to by their prefix according to
+<a href="#term-attribute">Section term-attribute</a>. Furthermore,
+for each attribute, a namespace also declares the number of
+occurrences it may have in a list of attributes. An entity record is
+valid if the number of occurrences of any of its attributes is
+compatible with this attribute's declaration it its namespace. This
+property applies to all types of records, and is referred to
+as <a>attribute occurrence validity</a>.</li>
+
+
+</section>
+-->
+
+<section class="appendix">
+ <h2>Acknowledgements</h2>
+ <p>
+ WG membership to be listed here.
+ </p>
+ </section>
+
+ </body></html>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/wd5/wd5-prov-dm-derivation.html Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,413 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+
+<html><head>
+ <title>PROV-DM PROPOSAL on Derivation</title>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
+ <!--
+ === NOTA BENE ===
+ For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
+ out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
+ -->
+<!-- PM -->
+ <style type="text/css">
+ .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
+ </style>
+
+ <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" class="remove"></script>
+
+ <script src="../glossary.js" class="remove"></script>
+
+ <script class="remove">
+ function updateGlossaryRefs() {
+ $('.glossary-ref').each(function(index) {
+ var ref=$(this).attr('ref');
+ var span=$(this).attr('withspan')
+ $('#'+ref+'.glossary').contents().clone().appendTo($(this));
+ $(this).attr('prov:hadOriginalSource',glossary_hg);
+ if (span) {
+ $(this).children('dfn').replaceWith(function(){return $('<span>').addClass('dfn').append($(this).contents())});
+ }
+ });
+ }
+ $(document).ready(function(){
+ // if glossary is in a string:
+ $('#glossary_div').html(glossary_string)
+ updateGlossaryRefs();
+ });
+
+ </script>
+
+ <script class="remove">
+ var addExtraReferences = function() {
+ for (var k in extraReferences)
+ berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
+ };
+ var extraReferences = {
+ "CLOCK":
+ "Lamport, L. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
+ "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
+ "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
+ "CSP":
+ "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
+ "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
+ "Logic":
+ "W. E. Johnson"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
+ "1924. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
+ "PROV-SEM":
+ "James Cheney "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Work in progress. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
+
+ "PROV-PRIMER":
+ "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-O":
+ "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-DM":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\"><cite>PROV-DM Constraints</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-ASN":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\"><cite>PROV-ASN ....</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-AQ":
+ "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
+ };
+ var respecConfig = {
+ // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
+ specStatus: "ED",
+
+ // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
+ shortName: "prov-dm",
+
+ // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
+ // formal title, define it here
+ subtitle : "Draft proposal (to be incorporated in Editor's Draft when approved)",
+
+
+ // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
+ // publishDate: "2011-10-18",
+
+ // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
+ // the start date here:
+ // copyrightStart: "2005"
+
+ // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
+ // and its maturity status
+ previousPublishDate: "2012-02-02",
+ previousMaturity: "WD",
+
+ // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
+ edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html",
+
+ // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
+ // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
+
+ // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
+ // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
+ extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "./extra.css"],
+
+ // editors, add as many as you like
+ // only "name" is required
+ editors: [
+ { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
+ company: "University of Southampton" },
+ { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
+ company: "Newcastle University" },
+ ],
+
+ // authors, add as many as you like.
+ // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
+ // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
+
+ authors: [
+ { name: "Khalid Belhajjame", url: "http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Khalid_Belhajjame",
+ company: "University of Manchester" },
+ { name: "Stephen Cresswell",
+ company: "legislation.gov.uk"},
+ { name: "Yolanda Gil",
+ company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.isi.edu/~gil/"},
+ { name: "Reza B'Far",
+ company: "Oracle Corporation" },
+ { name: "Paul Groth", url: "http://www.few.vu.nl/~pgroth/",
+ company: "VU University of Amsterdam" },
+ { name: "Graham Klyne",
+ company: "University of Oxford" },
+ { name: "Jim McCusker", url: "http://tw.rpi.edu/web/person/JamesMcCusker",
+ company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute" },
+ { name: "Simon Miles",
+ company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/simonm/" },
+ { name: "James Myers", url:"http://www.rpi.edu/research/ccni/",
+ company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute"},
+ { name: "Satya Sahoo", url:"http://cci.case.edu/cci/index.php/Satya_Sahoo",
+ company: "Case Western Reserve University" },
+ ],
+
+ // name of the WG
+ wg: "Provenance Working Group",
+
+ // URI of the public WG page
+ wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
+
+ // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
+ wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
+
+ // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
+ // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
+ // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
+ // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
+ // Team Contact.
+ wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
+
+ // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
+ preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
+ };
+ </script>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+
+ <section id="abstract">
+<div class="note">TO EDIT</div>
+<p>
+PROV-DM is a data model for provenance for building
+representations of the entities, people and activities involved in
+producing a piece of data or thing in the world. PROV-DM is
+domain-agnostic, but is equipped with extensibility points allowing
+further domain-specific and application-specific extensions to be
+defined. PROV-DM is accompanied by PROV-ASN, a technology-independent
+abstract syntax notation, which allows serializations of PROV-DM
+instances to be created for human consumption, which facilitates its
+mapping to concrete syntax, and which is used as the basis for a
+formal semantics.
+</p>
+ </section>
+
+<section id="sotd">
+<div class="note">TO EDIT</div>
+<section id="prov-family">
+<!-- <h3>Prov Family of Specifications</h3>-->
+This document is part of the PROV family of specifications, a set of specifications aiming to define the various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
+interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. This document defines the PROV-DM data model for provenance, accompanied with a notation to express
+instances of that data model for human consumption. Other documents are:
+<ul>
+<li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS, a set of constraints applying to the PROV-DM data model,</li>
+<li> PROV-ASN, a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption,</li>
+<li> PROV-O, the provenance ontology: by means of a mapping of PROV-DM to the OWL2 Web Ontology Language, this specification provides a normative serialization of PROV-DM in RDF</li>
+<li> PROV-AQ, provenance access and query: the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance; </li>
+<li> PROV-PRIMER: a primer for the PROV-DM provenance data model,</li>
+<li> PROV-SEM: a formal semantics for the PROV-DM provenance data model.</li>
+</ul>
+</section>
+</section>
+
+
+
+<div class="buttonpanel">
+<form action="#"><p>
+<input id="hide-asn" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','withAsn','none');set_display_by_class('span','withAsn','none'); set_display_by_id('hide-asn','none'); set_display_by_id('show-asn','');" type="button"
+value="Hide ASN" />
+<input id="show-asn" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','withAsn',''); set_display_by_class('span','withAsn',''); set_display_by_id('hide-asn',''); set_display_by_id('show-asn','none');" style="display: none"
+type="button" value="Show ASN" />
+</p>
+</form>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="Derivation-Relation">
+<h4>Derivation</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-derivation" withspan='true'></div>
+
+
+
+
+<p>According to <a href="#conceptualization">Section Overview</a>, for an entity to be transformed from, created from, or resulting from an update to another, there must be some
+underpinning activities performing the necessary actions resulting in such a derivation.
+A derivation can be described at various levels of precision. In its simplest form, derivation relates two entities. Optionally, attributes can be added to describe modalities of derivation. If the derivation is the result of a single known activity, then this activity can also be optionally expressed. And to provide a completely accurate description of derivation, the generation and usage of the generated and used entities, respectively, can be provided. The reason for optional information such as activity, generation, and usage to be linked to derivations is to aid analysis of provenance and to facilitate provenance-based reproducibility. </p>
+
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-derivation">A <dfn>derivation</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-wasDerivedFrom">wasDerivedFrom(id, e2, e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>id</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier for a derivation;</li>
+<li><em>generatedEntity</em>: the identifier (<span class="name">e2</span>) of the entity generated by the derivation;</li>
+<li><em>usedEntity</em>: the identifier (<span class="name">e1</span>) of the entity used by the derivation;</li>
+<li><em>activity</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) for the activity using and generating the above entities;</li>
+<li><em>generation</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the generation (<span class="name">g2</span>) involving the generated entity and activity;</li>
+<li><em>usage</em>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the usage (<span class="name">u1</span>) involving the used entity and activity;</li>
+<li><em>attributes</em>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that describe the modalities of this derivation.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<p> Derivation is not defined to be transitive. Domain-specific specializations of derivation may be defined in such a way that the transitivity property
+holds.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following descriptions state the existence of derivations.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:type="physical transform"])
+wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1)
+ wasGeneratedBy(g2,e2,a)
+ used(u1,a,e1)
+</pre>
+<p>
+The first and second lines are about derivations of <span class="name">e2</span> (the generated entity) from <span class="name">e1</span> (the used entity), but no information is provided as to the identity of the activity (and usage and generation) underpinning the derivation. In the second line, a type attribute is also provided.</p>
+<p>
+The third description expresses that activity <span class="name">a</span>,
+using the entity <span class="name">e1</span> according to usage <span class="name">u1</span>,
+ derived the
+entity <span class="name">e2</span> and generated it according to generation
+ <span class="name">g2</span>. It is followed by descriptions for generation <span class="name">g2</span> and usage <span class="name">u1</span>. With such a comprehensive description of derivation, a program that analyzes provenance can identify the activity underpinning the derivation, it can identify how the original entity <span class="name">e1</span> was used by the activity (e.g. for instance, which argument it was passed as, if the activity is the result of a function invocation), and which output the derived entity <span class="name">e2</span> was obtained from (say, for a function returning multiple results).</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class='pending'>Several points were raised about the attribute steps.
+Its name, its default value <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/180">ISSUE-180</a>.
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/179">ISSUE-179</a>.</div>
+
+
+<div class='pending'> Is imprecise-1 derivation necessary? Can we just use precise-1 and imprecise-n? <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/249">ISSUE-249</a>.</div>
+
+<div class='issue'> Emphasize the notion of 'affected by' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/133">ISSUE-133</a>.</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="Derivation-Relation">
+<h4>TO GO in PART II: Derivation</h4>
+
+
+<b>Section <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm-constraints.html#Derivation-Relation">Derivation-Relation</a> edited as follows</b>.
+
+
+<p>A derivation is more informative if it contains a reference to an activity, generation, and usage. Hence, the following implication
+holds.</p>
+<div class='inference' id='derivation-implication'>
+Given two entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> the assertion <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,
+e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</span>
+ holds for some generation <span class="name">g2</span>, usage <span class="name">u1</span>, and set of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs</span>, then <span
+class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1, attrs)</span> also holds.<br>
+ </div>
+
+<div class="interpretation-forward">
+For the interpretation of a derivation, see <a href="#derivation-usage-generation-ordering">derivation-usage-generation-ordering</a> and <a
+href="#derivation-generation-generation-ordering">derivation-generation-generation-ordering</a>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>
+Note that inferring derivation from usage and generation does not hold
+in general. Indeed, when a generation <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(g, e2, a, attrs2)</span>
+<a>precedes</a> <span class="name">used(u, a, e1, attrs1)</span>, for
+some <span class="name">e1</span>, <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="name">attrs1</span>, <span class="name">attrs2</span>, and <span class="name">a</span>, one
+cannot infer derivation <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g, u)</span>
+or <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> since
+of <span class="name">e2</span> cannot possibly be derived from
+ <span class="name">e1</span>, given the creation of <span class="name">e2</span> <a>precedes</a> the use
+of <span class="name">e1</span>.
+</p>
+
+
+<!--
+<p>The effective placeholder for an entity generation time is <a>generation</a>. The presence of
+time information in derivations is merely a convenience notation for a timeless derivation and a generation with this generation time information. </p>
+
+<div class='inference' id="derivation-time-elimination">
+<span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,t,attrs)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following expressions also hold:
+<span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,attrs)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,t)</span>.
+</div>
+-->
+
+<p></p>
+<div class="structural-forward">
+See <a href="#derivation-use">derivation-use</a> for a structural constraint on derivations.
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class='pending'>Several points were raised about the attribute steps.
+Its name, its default value <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/180">ISSUE-180</a>.
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/179">ISSUE-179</a>.</div>
+
+<div class='issue'> Emphasize the notion of 'affected by' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/133">ISSUE-133</a>.</div>
+
+<div class='pending'> Simplify derivation <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/249">ISSUE-249</a>.</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section>
+<h4>TO GO in PART 2: PROV-DM Account Constraints</h4>
+
+<b>To replace <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm-constraints.html#derivation-use">derivation-use</a></b>.
+
+
+
+<p>A further inference is permitted from derivations with an explicit activity and no usage: </p>
+<div class='inference' id='derivation-use'>
+<p>Given an activity <span class="name">a</span>, entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, and sets of attribute-value
+pairs <span class="name">dAttrs</span>, <span class="name">gAttrs</span>,
+<span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1, a, dAttrs)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttrs)</span> hold, <span
+class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">used(a,e1,uAttrs)</span> also holds
+for some set of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">uAttrs</span>.
+</div>
+<p>This inference is justified by the fact that the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span> is generated by at most one activity in a given account
+(see <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a>). Hence, this activity is also the one referred to by the usage of <span class="name">e1</span>.
+</p>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+<div id="glossary_div" class="remove">
+<!-- glossary loaded from glossary.js will be hooked up here,
+ class remove, will remove this element from the final output.
+-->
+</div>
+
+ </body>
+</html>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/wd5/wd5-prov-dm-misc.html Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+
+<html><head>
+ <title>PROV-DM Misc PROPOSALS to Vote On</title>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
+ <!--
+ === NOTA BENE ===
+ For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
+ out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
+ -->
+<!-- PM -->
+ <style type="text/css">
+ .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
+ </style>
+
+ <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" class="remove"></script>
+
+ <script src="../glossary.js" class="remove"></script>
+
+ <script class="remove">
+ function updateGlossaryRefs() {
+ $('.glossary-ref').each(function(index) {
+ var ref=$(this).attr('ref');
+ var span=$(this).attr('withspan')
+ $('#'+ref+'.glossary').contents().clone().appendTo($(this));
+ $(this).attr('prov:hadOriginalSource',glossary_hg);
+ if (span) {
+ $(this).children('dfn').replaceWith(function(){return $('<span>').addClass('dfn').append($(this).contents())});
+ }
+ });
+ }
+ $(document).ready(function(){
+ // if glossary is in a string:
+ $('#glossary_div').html(glossary_string)
+ updateGlossaryRefs();
+ });
+
+ </script>
+
+ <script class="remove">
+ var addExtraReferences = function() {
+ for (var k in extraReferences)
+ berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
+ };
+ var extraReferences = {
+ "CLOCK":
+ "Lamport, L. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
+ "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
+ "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
+ "CSP":
+ "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
+ "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
+ "Logic":
+ "W. E. Johnson"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
+ "1924. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
+ "PROV-SEM":
+ "James Cheney "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Work in progress. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
+
+ "PROV-PRIMER":
+ "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-O":
+ "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-DM":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\"><cite>PROV-DM Constraints</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-ASN":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\"><cite>PROV-ASN ....</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-AQ":
+ "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
+ };
+ var respecConfig = {
+ // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
+ specStatus: "ED",
+
+ // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
+ shortName: "prov-dm",
+
+ // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
+ // formal title, define it here
+ subtitle : "Draft proposal (to be incorporated in Editor's Draft when approved)",
+
+
+ // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
+ // publishDate: "2011-10-18",
+
+ // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
+ // the start date here:
+ // copyrightStart: "2005"
+
+ // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
+ // and its maturity status
+ previousPublishDate: "2012-02-02",
+ previousMaturity: "WD",
+
+ // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
+ edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html",
+
+ // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
+ // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
+
+ // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
+ // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
+ extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "../extra.css"],
+
+ // editors, add as many as you like
+ // only "name" is required
+ editors: [
+ { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
+ company: "University of Southampton" },
+ { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
+ company: "Newcastle University" },
+ ],
+
+ // authors, add as many as you like.
+ // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
+ // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
+
+ authors: [
+ { name: "Khalid Belhajjame", url: "http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Khalid_Belhajjame",
+ company: "University of Manchester" },
+ { name: "Stephen Cresswell",
+ company: "legislation.gov.uk"},
+ { name: "Yolanda Gil",
+ company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.isi.edu/~gil/"},
+ { name: "Reza B'Far",
+ company: "Oracle Corporation" },
+ { name: "Paul Groth", url: "http://www.few.vu.nl/~pgroth/",
+ company: "VU University of Amsterdam" },
+ { name: "Graham Klyne",
+ company: "University of Oxford" },
+ { name: "Jim McCusker", url: "http://tw.rpi.edu/web/person/JamesMcCusker",
+ company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute" },
+ { name: "Simon Miles",
+ company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/simonm/" },
+ { name: "James Myers", url:"http://www.rpi.edu/research/ccni/",
+ company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute"},
+ { name: "Satya Sahoo", url:"http://cci.case.edu/cci/index.php/Satya_Sahoo",
+ company: "Case Western Reserve University" },
+ ],
+
+ // name of the WG
+ wg: "Provenance Working Group",
+
+ // URI of the public WG page
+ wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
+
+ // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
+ wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
+
+ // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
+ // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
+ // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
+ // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
+ // Team Contact.
+ wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
+
+ // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
+ preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
+ };
+ </script>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+
+ <section id="abstract">
+ </section>
+
+<section id="sotd">
+<div class="note">PROPOSALS TO VOTE ON</div>
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="Proposal 1: On Entity Invalidation">
+<h4>Proposal 1: On Entity Invalidation</h4>
+
+<p>
+<b>Context:</b>
+Activities have a start and an end (corresponding to event defined in part II). Entities have a characterization interval, with a generation event marking the interval beginning, but no event marking the interval end.
+</p>
+
+<p>It is proposed to introduce an explicit event that marks the end of an entity characterization interval. Some suggested that it could be a "invalidation" event, others felt the term invalidation is too strong, but no alternate term has been proposed so far.</p>
+
+<p id="proposal1"><b>PROPOSED</b>: to introduce a prov-dm concept that marks the end of an entity lifetime. Its name remains to be determined. </p>
+
+<p><em>Suggested names:</em>
+<ul>
+<li> invalidation, <li>expiration, <li>final usage, <li>destruction
+<li> lostFormBy
+</ul>
+
+<p>For now, INVALIDATION is used as <em>placeholder name</em></p>
+
+<p><em>The text would include the following.</em></p>
+
+<p>Tentative definition:
+<dfn id="concept-invalidation">Invalidation</dfn> is the end of an entity's lifetime. This entity becomes unavailable for usage after invalidation. This entity no longer exists after invalidation. Any generation or usage of an entity precedes its invalidation.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="attributes" id="attributes-invalidation"><dfn title="dfn-Invalidation">Invalidation</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasInvalidatedBy(id,e,a,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> has the following components:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for a invalidation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>entity</span>: an identifier for the destroyed entity; </li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>activity</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the activity that destroys the entity;</li>
+
+<li><span class='attribute'>time</span>: an OPTIONAL "invalidation time", the time at which the entity began to be destroyed;</li>
+
+<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that describes the modalities of invalidation of this entity by this activity.</li>
+</ul></div>
+<p>While each of the components <span class='attribute'>activity</span>, <span class='attribute'>time</span>, and <span class='attribute'>attributes</span> is OPTIONAL, at least one of them MUST be present.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+In the following example, invalidation is caused by a new version of an entity being made available. Let us consider the resource <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">tr:prov-dm</a> when it was the first working draft (attribute <span class="name">ex:version=1</span>).
+This resource was no longer the first working draft, as soon as the second working draft was published.
+Hence, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">tr:prov-dm</a> was invalidated by <span class="name">ex:act2</span>,
+when it published <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(tr:prov-dm,[prov:type="working draft", ex:version="1"])
+wasInvalidatedBy(tr:prov-dm,ex:act2,2011-12-15T16:00:00)
+activity(ex:act2,,,[prov:type="publish"])
+wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:act2,2011-12-15T16:00:00)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+In the following example, invalidation is caused by the disappearance of an entity. Let us consider the proceedings of the 2002 Chicago provenance workshop. They used to be hosted at <span class="name">http://people.cs.uchicago.edu/~yongzh/position_papers.html</span>, and were lost as a researcher left the hosting institution. The proceedings were restored at <a href="http://www.ipaw.info/chicago02/position_papers.html"><span class="name">ipaw:2002</span></a>.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(chicago:wkshp2002,[prov:type="workshop talks"])
+wasInvalidatedBy(chicago:wkshp2002,2010-08-21T00:00:00)
+
+entity(ipaw:wkshp2002,[prov:type="workshop talks"])
+activity(ex:restore,[prov:type="Restore"])
+wasGeneratedBy(ipaw:wkshp2002,ex:restore,2012-03-09T0:00:00)
+wasDerivedFrom(ipaw:wkshp2002,chicago:wkshp2002)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<!--
+<section id="Proposal 2: On Entity Time">
+<h4>Proposal 2: On Entity Time</h4>
+
+<p>
+<b>Context:</b>
+Activities have convenient time information, with startTime and endTime attributes. This is convenience notation that avoids having to declare start/end event, and associated time. No such convenience notation exisst for entities.
+</p>
+
+<p id="proposal2"><b>PROPOSED</b>: to introduce convenience time attribute to entities (similarly to activities).</p>
+
+
+
+<p><em>The text would include the following.</em></p>
+
+<p>Revised definition of entity, with optional time information. Name 'invalidation' (TBC).</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="attributes" id="attributes-entity">An entity<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-entity">entity(id, gt, dt, [ attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-ASN, </span> contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an identifier for an entity; </li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>generationTime</span>: an OPTIONAL time for the generation time of the entity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>invalidationTime</span>: an OPTIONAL time for the invalidation time of the entity;</li>
+
+<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs representing this entity's situation in the world.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+</section>
+
+-->
+
+<section id="Proposal 2: On Activity Start and End">
+<h4>Proposal 2: Activity Start and End without Responsibility</h4>
+
+<b>Context:</b>
+The motivation for introducing agents in prov-dm is to denote the agent's responsibility for activities. It is however impossible to describe the start/end of an activity without introducing agents, and therefore assigning responsibility.
+</p>
+
+<p id="proposal2"><b>PROPOSED</b>: to formulate start and end of activities independently of responsibility and agents. Hence, start and end of activity would no longer be a form of activity association. Instead of an agent, an optional entity trigger would be allowed.</p>
+
+<p><em>The text would include the following.</em></p>
+
+
+<span class="glossary" id="glossary-start">
+<dfn id="concept-start">Start</dfn> is when an activity is deemed to have started.
+ The activity did not exist before its start. Any usage, generation, or invalidation involving an activity follows its start.
+</span>
+
+
+<span class="glossary" id="glossary-end">
+<dfn id="concept-end">End</dfn> is when an activity is deemed to have ended.
+ The activity no longer exists after its end. Any usage, generation, or invalidation involving an activity precedes its end.
+</span>
+
+
+
+<p>An activity start<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasStartedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the activity start;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>activity</span>: an identifier for the started activity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>trigger</span>: an identifier for the entity triggering the activity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>time</span>: the time at which the activity was started; </li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs describing modalities according to which the activity was started.
+</ul>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following example contains the description of an activity <span class="name">a1</span> (a discussion), which was started at a specific time, and was triggered by an email message <span class="name">e1</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(e1,[prov:type="email message"])
+activity(a1,[prov:type="Discuss"])
+wasStartedBy(a1,e1,2011-11-16T16:05:00)
+</pre>
+Furthermore, if the activity happens to consume the message content, then the message would also be regarded as an input to the activity, which we describe as follows:
+<pre class="codeexample">
+used(a1,e1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>The relations wasStartedBy and used are orthogonal, and thus need to be asserted independently, according to the situation being described.</p>
+
+<p>An activity end<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasEndedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the activity end;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>activity</span>: an identifier for the ended activity;
+<li><span class='attribute'>trigger</span>: an identifier for the entity triggering the activity ending;
+<li><span class='attribute'>time</span>: the time at which the activity was ended; </li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs describing modalities according to which the activity was ended.
+</ul>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following example is a description of an activity <span class="name">a1</span> (editing) that was ended following an approval document <span class="name">e1</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(e1,[prov:type="approval document"])
+activity(a1,[prov:type="Editing"])
+wasEndedBy(a1,e1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+In the following example, a race is started by a bang, and responsibility for this trigger is attributed to an agent
+ <span class="name">ex:DarthVader</span>.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(ex:foot_race)
+wasStartedBy(ex:foot_race,ex:bang,2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00)
+entiy(ex:bang)
+agent(ex:DarthVader)
+wasAttributedTo(ex:foot_race,ex:DarthVader)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="note">
+Constraints need to be added to part II, to ensure that time information on activity matches time information on Start/End.
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="Proposal 3: Activity Started/Ended by Another Activity">
+<h4>Proposal 3: Activity Started/Ended by Another Activity</h4>
+
+<b>Context:</b>
+The name wasStartedBy is overloaded.
+There is
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasStartedBy(activity,entity)
+wasStartedBy(activity,activity)
+</pre>
+This overloading is problematic in the ontology.
+</p>
+
+<p id="proposal3"><b>PROPOSED</b>: to rename wasStartedBy(activity,activity) in wasStartedByActivity(activity,activity)</p>
+
+
+<div class="note">
+It was suggested that we could drop the relation wasStartedBy(activity,activity) and mandate explicit declaration of
+entity: wasStartedBy(a2,entity) wasGeneratedBy(entity,a1).
+Thoughts?
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+<div id="glossary_div" class="remove">
+<!-- glossary loaded from glossary.js will be hooked up here,
+ class remove, will remove this element from the final output.
+-->
+</div>
+
+ </body>
+</html>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/wd5/wd5-prov-dm-plan.html Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+
+<html><head>
+ <title>PROV-DM update on Association with Agent and Plan</title>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
+ <!--
+ === NOTA BENE ===
+ For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
+ out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
+ -->
+<!-- PM -->
+ <style type="text/css">
+ .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
+ </style>
+
+ <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" class="remove"></script>
+
+ <script src="../glossary.js" class="remove"></script>
+
+ <script class="remove">
+ function updateGlossaryRefs() {
+ $('.glossary-ref').each(function(index) {
+ var ref=$(this).attr('ref');
+ var span=$(this).attr('withspan')
+ $('#'+ref+'.glossary').contents().clone().appendTo($(this));
+ $(this).attr('prov:hadOriginalSource',glossary_hg);
+ if (span) {
+ $(this).children('dfn').replaceWith(function(){return $('<span>').addClass('dfn').append($(this).contents())});
+ }
+ });
+ }
+ $(document).ready(function(){
+ // if glossary is in a string:
+ $('#glossary_div').html(glossary_string)
+ updateGlossaryRefs();
+ });
+
+ </script>
+
+ <script class="remove">
+ var addExtraReferences = function() {
+ for (var k in extraReferences)
+ berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
+ };
+ var extraReferences = {
+ "CLOCK":
+ "Lamport, L. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
+ "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
+ "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
+ "CSP":
+ "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
+ "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
+ "Logic":
+ "W. E. Johnson"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
+ "1924. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
+ "PROV-SEM":
+ "James Cheney "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Work in progress. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
+
+ "PROV-PRIMER":
+ "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-O":
+ "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-DM":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\"><cite>PROV-DM Constraints</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-N":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\"><cite>PROV-N ....</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-AQ":
+ "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
+ };
+ var respecConfig = {
+ // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
+ specStatus: "ED",
+
+ // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
+ shortName: "prov-dm",
+
+ // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
+ // formal title, define it here
+ subtitle : "Draft proposal (to be incorporated in Editor's Draft)",
+
+
+ // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
+ // publishDate: "2011-10-18",
+
+ // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
+ // the start date here:
+ // copyrightStart: "2005"
+
+ // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
+ // and its maturity status
+ previousPublishDate: "2012-02-02",
+ previousMaturity: "WD",
+
+ // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
+ edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/working-copy/wd5-prov-dm-plan.html",
+
+ // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
+ // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
+
+ // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
+ // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
+ extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "../extra.css"],
+
+ // editors, add as many as you like
+ // only "name" is required
+ editors: [
+ { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
+ company: "University of Southampton" },
+ { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
+ company: "Newcastle University" },
+ ],
+
+ // authors, add as many as you like.
+ // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
+ // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
+
+ authors: [
+ { name: "Khalid Belhajjame", url: "http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Khalid_Belhajjame",
+ company: "University of Manchester" },
+ { name: "Stephen Cresswell",
+ company: "legislation.gov.uk"},
+ { name: "Yolanda Gil",
+ company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.isi.edu/~gil/"},
+ { name: "Reza B'Far",
+ company: "Oracle Corporation" },
+ { name: "Paul Groth", url: "http://www.few.vu.nl/~pgroth/",
+ company: "VU University of Amsterdam" },
+ { name: "Graham Klyne",
+ company: "University of Oxford" },
+ { name: "Jim McCusker", url: "http://tw.rpi.edu/web/person/JamesMcCusker",
+ company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute" },
+ { name: "Simon Miles",
+ company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/simonm/" },
+ { name: "James Myers", url:"http://www.rpi.edu/research/ccni/",
+ company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute"},
+ { name: "Satya Sahoo", url:"http://cci.case.edu/cci/index.php/Satya_Sahoo",
+ company: "Case Western Reserve University" },
+ ],
+
+ // name of the WG
+ wg: "Provenance Working Group",
+
+ // URI of the public WG page
+ wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
+
+ // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
+ wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
+
+ // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
+ // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
+ // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
+ // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
+ // Team Contact.
+ wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
+
+ // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
+ preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
+ };
+ </script>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+
+ <section id="abstract">
+ </section>
+
+<section id="sotd">
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="term-ActivityAssociation">
+<h4>Activity Association</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-activityAssociation" withspan="true"></div>
+
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-activity-association">An <dfn title="dfn-activity-association">activity association</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasAssociatedWith(id,a,ag,pl,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has the following
+constituents:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the association between an activity and an agent;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>activity</span>: an identifier for the activity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>agent</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the agent associated with the activity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>plan</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the plan adopted by the agent in the context of this activity;
+<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs that describe the modalities of association of this activity with this agent.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+<div class="anexample id="anexample-wasAssociateWith">
+In the following example, a designer and an operator agents are associated with an activity. The designer's goals are achieved by a workflow <span class="name">ex:wf</span>.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(ex:a,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
+agent(ex:ag1,[prov:type="operator"])
+agent(ex:ag2,[prov:type="designer"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a,ex:ag1,[prov:role="loggedInUser", ex:how="webapp"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a,ex:ag2,ex:wf,[prov:role="designer", ex:context="project1"])
+entity(ex:wf,[prov:type="prov:Plan"%% xsd:QName, ex:label="Workflow 1",
+ ex:url="http://example.org/workflow1.bpel" %% xsd:anyURI])
+</pre>
+Since the workflow <span class="name">ex:wf</span> is itself an entity, its provenance can also be expressed in PROV-DM: it can be generated by some activity and derived from other entities,
+for instance.
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample id="anexample-wasAssociateWith-2">
+In some cases, one wants to indicate a plan was followed, without having to specify which agent was involved.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(ex:a,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a,-,ex:wf)
+entity(ex:wf,[prov:type="prov:Plan"%% xsd:QName, ex:label="Workflow 1",
+ ex:url="http://example.org/workflow1.bpel" %% xsd:anyURI])
+</pre>
+In this case, it is assumed that an agent exists, but simply it has not been specified.
+</div>
+
+
+</section> <!-- end wasAssociatedWith -->
+
+
+<section>
+<h4>TO GO in PART 2 </h4>
+
+<div class="note">
+Need to determine where this goes. Probably section 4.
+</div>
+
+
+<p>In associations, prov-dm assumes that an agent always exists, even if it has not been specified. This is formalized by the following inference. </p>
+<div class='inference' id='infer-agent-in-association'>
+<p>Given an activity <span class="name">a</span> and a plan <span class="name">pl</span>, and a set of attribute-value
+pairs <span class="name">attrs</span>,
+
+<span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,-,pl, attrs)</span> holds, <span
+class='conditional'>then</span> there exists an agent <span class="name">ag</span>, such that <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,ag,pl, attrs)</span> also holds.
+</div>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+<div id="glossary_div" class="remove">
+<!-- glossary loaded from glossary.js will be hooked up here,
+ class remove, will remove this element from the final output.
+-->
+</div>
+
+ </body>
+</html>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/wd5/wd5-prov-dm-quote.html Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+
+<html><head>
+ <title>PROV-DM new version of Quotation and Original Source</title>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
+ <!--
+ === NOTA BENE ===
+ For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
+ out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
+ -->
+<!-- PM -->
+ <style type="text/css">
+ .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
+ </style>
+
+ <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" class="remove"></script>
+
+ <script src="../glossary.js" class="remove"></script>
+
+ <script class="remove">
+ function updateGlossaryRefs() {
+ $('.glossary-ref').each(function(index) {
+ var ref=$(this).attr('ref');
+ var span=$(this).attr('withspan')
+ $('#'+ref+'.glossary').contents().clone().appendTo($(this));
+ $(this).attr('prov:hadOriginalSource',glossary_hg);
+ if (span) {
+ $(this).children('dfn').replaceWith(function(){return $('<span>').addClass('dfn').append($(this).contents())});
+ }
+ });
+ }
+ $(document).ready(function(){
+ // if glossary is in a string:
+ $('#glossary_div').html(glossary_string)
+ updateGlossaryRefs();
+ });
+
+ </script>
+
+ <script class="remove">
+ var addExtraReferences = function() {
+ for (var k in extraReferences)
+ berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
+ };
+ var extraReferences = {
+ "CLOCK":
+ "Lamport, L. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
+ "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
+ "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
+ "CSP":
+ "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
+ "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
+ "Logic":
+ "W. E. Johnson"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
+ "1924. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
+ "PROV-SEM":
+ "James Cheney "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Work in progress. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
+
+ "PROV-PRIMER":
+ "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-O":
+ "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-DM":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\"><cite>PROV-DM Constraints</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-N":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\"><cite>PROV-N ....</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-AQ":
+ "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
+ };
+ var respecConfig = {
+ // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
+ specStatus: "ED",
+
+ // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
+ shortName: "prov-dm",
+
+ // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
+ // formal title, define it here
+ subtitle : "Draft proposal (to be incorporated in Editor's Draft)",
+
+
+ // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
+ // publishDate: "2011-10-18",
+
+ // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
+ // the start date here:
+ // copyrightStart: "2005"
+
+ // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
+ // and its maturity status
+ previousPublishDate: "2012-02-02",
+ previousMaturity: "WD",
+
+ // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
+ edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/working-copy/wd5-prov-dm-quote.html",
+
+ // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
+ // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
+
+ // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
+ // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
+ extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "../extra.css"],
+
+ // editors, add as many as you like
+ // only "name" is required
+ editors: [
+ { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
+ company: "University of Southampton" },
+ { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
+ company: "Newcastle University" },
+ ],
+
+ // authors, add as many as you like.
+ // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
+ // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
+
+ authors: [
+ { name: "Khalid Belhajjame", url: "http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Khalid_Belhajjame",
+ company: "University of Manchester" },
+ { name: "Stephen Cresswell",
+ company: "legislation.gov.uk"},
+ { name: "Yolanda Gil",
+ company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.isi.edu/~gil/"},
+ { name: "Reza B'Far",
+ company: "Oracle Corporation" },
+ { name: "Paul Groth", url: "http://www.few.vu.nl/~pgroth/",
+ company: "VU University of Amsterdam" },
+ { name: "Graham Klyne",
+ company: "University of Oxford" },
+ { name: "Jim McCusker", url: "http://tw.rpi.edu/web/person/JamesMcCusker",
+ company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute" },
+ { name: "Simon Miles",
+ company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/simonm/" },
+ { name: "James Myers", url:"http://www.rpi.edu/research/ccni/",
+ company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute"},
+ { name: "Satya Sahoo", url:"http://cci.case.edu/cci/index.php/Satya_Sahoo",
+ company: "Case Western Reserve University" },
+ ],
+
+ // name of the WG
+ wg: "Provenance Working Group",
+
+ // URI of the public WG page
+ wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
+
+ // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
+ wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
+
+ // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
+ // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
+ // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
+ // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
+ // Team Contact.
+ wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
+
+ // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
+ preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
+ };
+ </script>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+
+ <section id="abstract">
+ </section>
+
+<section id="sotd">
+<div class="note">PROPOSALS TO VOTE ON</div>
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="term-quotation">
+<h3>Quotation</h3>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary" id="glossary-quotation">
+A <dfn>quotation</dfn>
+ is the repeat of (some or all of) an entity, such as text or image, by
+someone other than its original author.
+</span>
+
+<p>Quotation
+ is a particular case of <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> in which entity <span class="name">e2</span> is derived from an original entity <span class="name">e1</span> by copying, or "quoting", some or all of it.
+ A <dfn>quotation relation</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression"> wasQuotedFrom(id,e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the relation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>quote</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e2</span>) for the entity that represents the quote (the partial copy);
+<li><span class='attribute'>original</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e1</span>) for the original entity being quoted;
+<li><span class='attribute'>quoterAgent</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier (<span class="name">ag2</span>) for the agent who performs the quote;
+<li><span class='attribute'>originalAgent</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier (<span class="name">ag1</span>) for the agent to whom the original entity is attributed;
+<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-quotation">
+<p>
+The following paragraph is a quote from one of <a href="http://thinklinks.wordpress.com/2012/03/07/thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/">the author's blogs</a>.
+<blockquote id="paul-quote"><em>
+During the workshop, it became clear to me that the consensus based models (which are often graphical in nature) can not only be formalized but also be directly connected to these database focused formalizations. I just needed to get over the differences in syntax. This could imply that we could have nice way to trace provenance across systems and through databases and be able to understand the mathematical properties of this interconnection.</em>
+</blockquote>
+<p>If <a href="http://thinklinks.wordpress.com/2012/03/07/thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/"><span class="name">ex:blog</span></a> denotes the original blog by agent <span class="name">ex:Paul</a>, and
+ <a href="#paul-quote"><span class="name">ex:blockquote</span></a> denotes the above paragraph, then the following descriptions express that the above paragraph is copied by agent <span class="name">ex:Luc</a> from a part of the blog, attributed to the agent <span class="name">ex:Paul</a>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(ex:blog)
+agent(ex:Luc)
+agent(ex:Paul)
+wasQuotedFrom(ex:blockQuote,ex:blog,ex:Luc,ex:Paul)
+</pre>
+
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section> <!-- end quotation -->
+
+
+<section id="term-original-source">
+<h3>Original Source</h3>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary" id="glossary-original-source">
+An <dfn>original source</dfn> refers to the
+source material that is closest to the person, information, period, or idea being studied.
+</span>
+</p>
+
+<p>An <dfn>original source relation</dfn> is a particular case of <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a>
+which aims to give
+credit to the source that originated some information. It is recognized that it may be
+hard to determine which entity constitutes an original source. This definition is inspired by
+<tt>orginal-source</tt> as defined in
+<a href="http://googlenewsblog.blogspot.com/2010/11/credit-where-credit-is-due.html">http://googlenewsblog.blogspot.com/2010/11/credit-where-credit-is-due.html<a/>.
+
+
+<p> An original source relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression"> hadOriginalSource(id,e2,e1,attrs)</span>,</span> contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the relation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>derived</span>: an identifier for the derived entity; </li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>source</span>: an identifier for the original source entity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs to further describe the properties of the relation.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+Let us consider the current section <a href="#term-original-source"><span class="name">dm:term-original-source</span></a>, and
+the Google page <a href="http://googlenewsblog.blogspot.com/2010/11/credit-where-credit-is-due.html"><span class="name">go:credit-where-credit-is-due.html</span></a>, where the notion was originally described.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(dm:term-original-source)
+entity(go:credit-where-credit-is-due.html)
+hadOriginalSource(dm:term-original-source,go:credit-where-credit-is-due.html)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section> <!-- end original source -->
+
+
+
+
+<div id="glossary_div" class="remove">
+<!-- glossary loaded from glossary.js will be hooked up here,
+ class remove, will remove this element from the final output.
+-->
+</div>
+
+ </body>
+</html>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/wd5/wd5-prov-invalidation.html Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,394 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+
+<html><head>
+ <title>PROV-DM PROPOSAL on Entity Invalidation</title>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
+ <!--
+ === NOTA BENE ===
+ For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
+ out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
+ -->
+<!-- PM -->
+ <style type="text/css">
+ .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
+ </style>
+
+ <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" class="remove"></script>
+
+ <script src="../glossary.js" class="remove"></script>
+
+ <script class="remove">
+ function updateGlossaryRefs() {
+ $('.glossary-ref').each(function(index) {
+ var ref=$(this).attr('ref');
+ var span=$(this).attr('withspan')
+ $('#'+ref+'.glossary').contents().clone().appendTo($(this));
+ $(this).attr('prov:hadOriginalSource',glossary_hg);
+ if (span) {
+ $(this).children('dfn').replaceWith(function(){return $('<span>').addClass('dfn').append($(this).contents())});
+ }
+ });
+ }
+ $(document).ready(function(){
+ // if glossary is in a string:
+ $('#glossary_div').html(glossary_string)
+ updateGlossaryRefs();
+ });
+
+ </script>
+
+ <script class="remove">
+ var addExtraReferences = function() {
+ for (var k in extraReferences)
+ berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
+ };
+ var extraReferences = {
+ "CLOCK":
+ "Lamport, L. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
+ "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
+ "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
+ "CSP":
+ "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
+ "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
+ "Logic":
+ "W. E. Johnson"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
+ "1924. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
+ "PROV-SEM":
+ "James Cheney "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Work in progress. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
+
+ "PROV-PRIMER":
+ "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-O":
+ "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-DM":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\"><cite>PROV-DM Constraints</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-ASN":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\"><cite>PROV-ASN ....</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-AQ":
+ "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
+ };
+ var respecConfig = {
+ // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
+ specStatus: "ED",
+
+ // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
+ shortName: "prov-dm",
+
+ // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
+ // formal title, define it here
+ subtitle : "Draft proposal (to be incorporated in Editor's Draft)",
+
+
+ // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
+ // publishDate: "2011-10-18",
+
+ // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
+ // the start date here:
+ // copyrightStart: "2005"
+
+ // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
+ // and its maturity status
+ previousPublishDate: "2012-02-02",
+ previousMaturity: "WD",
+
+ // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
+ edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html",
+
+ // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
+ // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
+
+ // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
+ // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
+ extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "../extra.css"],
+
+ // editors, add as many as you like
+ // only "name" is required
+ editors: [
+ { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
+ company: "University of Southampton" },
+ { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
+ company: "Newcastle University" },
+ ],
+
+ // authors, add as many as you like.
+ // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
+ // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
+
+ authors: [
+ { name: "Khalid Belhajjame", url: "http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Khalid_Belhajjame",
+ company: "University of Manchester" },
+ { name: "Stephen Cresswell",
+ company: "legislation.gov.uk"},
+ { name: "Yolanda Gil",
+ company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.isi.edu/~gil/"},
+ { name: "Reza B'Far",
+ company: "Oracle Corporation" },
+ { name: "Paul Groth", url: "http://www.few.vu.nl/~pgroth/",
+ company: "VU University of Amsterdam" },
+ { name: "Graham Klyne",
+ company: "University of Oxford" },
+ { name: "Jim McCusker", url: "http://tw.rpi.edu/web/person/JamesMcCusker",
+ company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute" },
+ { name: "Simon Miles",
+ company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/simonm/" },
+ { name: "James Myers", url:"http://www.rpi.edu/research/ccni/",
+ company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute"},
+ { name: "Satya Sahoo", url:"http://cci.case.edu/cci/index.php/Satya_Sahoo",
+ company: "Case Western Reserve University" },
+ ],
+
+ // name of the WG
+ wg: "Provenance Working Group",
+
+ // URI of the public WG page
+ wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
+
+ // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
+ wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
+
+ // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
+ // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
+ // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
+ // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
+ // Team Contact.
+ wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
+
+ // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
+ preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
+ };
+ </script>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+
+ <section id="abstract">
+ </section>
+
+<section id="sotd">
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="On Entity Invalidation">
+<h4>On Entity Invalidation: new Section 4.1.7</h4>
+
+<h4>4.1.7: Invalidation</h4>
+
+<p>
+Entities have a duration. Generation marks the beginning of an entity. The end of an entity can occur for different reasons.
+<ul>
+<li> an entity was destroyed: e.g. a painting was destroyed by fire; a Web page is taken out of a site;
+<li> an entity was consumed: e.g. Bob ate all his soup, Alice ran out of gas when driving to work;
+<li> an entity expires: e.g. a "buy one beer, get one free" offer is valid during happy hour (7-8pm);
+<li> an entity is time limited: e.g. the BBC news site on April 3rd, 2012;
+<li> an entity attribute is changing: e.g. the traffic light changed from green to red.
+</ul>
+In the first two cases, the entity has physically disappeared after its termination: there is no more soup, or painting. In the last two cases, there may be an "offer voucher" that still exists, but it is no longer valid; likewise, on April 4th, the BBC news site still exists but it is not the same entity as BBC news Web site on April 3rd; or the traffic light became red and therefore is regarded as a different entity to the green light.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<dfn id="concept-invalidation">Invalidation</dfn>
+is the start of the destruction, cessation, or expiry of an existing entity by an activity.
+The entity is no longer available for use after invalidation. Any generation or usage of an entity precedes its invalidation.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="attributes" id="attributes-invalidation"><dfn title="dfn-Invalidation">Invalidation</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasInvalidatedBy(id,e,a,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for a invalidation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>entity</span>: an identifier for the invalidated entity; </li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>activity</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the activity that invalidated the entity;</li>
+
+<li><span class='attribute'>time</span>: an OPTIONAL "invalidation time", the time at which the entity began to be invalidated;</li>
+
+<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this invalidation.</li>
+</ul></div>
+<p>While each of the components <span class='attribute'>activity</span>, <span class='attribute'>time</span>, and <span class='attribute'>attributes</span> is OPTIONAL, at least one of them MUST be present.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-invalidation1">
+<p>
+The Painter, a Picasso painting, is known to have been destroyed in a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_artworks#20th_century">plane accident</a>.
+
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(ex:The-Painter)
+agent(ex:Picasso)
+wasAttributedTo(ex:The-Painter, ex:Picasso)
+activity(ex:crash)
+wasInvalidatedBy(ex:The-Painter, ex:crash, 1998-09-02, [ex:circumstances="plane accident"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-invalidation2">
+<p>
+The BBC news home page on 2012-04-03 <span class="name">ex:bbcNews2012-04-03</span>
+contained a reference to a given news item
+ <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-17595024">bbc:news/uk-17595024</a>,
+but the BBC news home page on the next day did not.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(ex:bbcNews2012-04-03)
+memberOf(ex:bbcNews2012-04-03,{("item1", bbc:news/uk-17595024)})
+wasGeneratedBy (ex:bbcNews2012-04-03,-,2012-04-03T00:00:01)
+wasInvalidatedBy(ex:bbcNews2012-04-03,-,2012-04-03T23:59:59)
+</pre>
+We refer to example <a href="#anexample-specialization">anexample-specialization</a> for further descriptions of the BBC Web site, and to Section <a>Membership</a> for a description of the relation <a>memberOf</a>.
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-invalidation3">
+<p>
+In this example, the "buy one beer, get one free" offer expired at the end of the happy hour.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour)
+wasAttributedTo(proprietor)
+wasInvalidatedBy(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour,
+ -,2012-03-10T18:00:00)
+</pre>
+<p>In contrast, in the following descriptions, Bob redeemed the offer 45 minutes before it expired, and got two beers.
+</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour)
+wasAttributedTo(proprietor)
+activity(redeemOffer)
+entity(twoBeers)
+
+wasAssociatedWith(redeemOffer,bob)
+used(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour,
+ redeemOffer, 2012-03-10T17:15:00)
+wasInvalidatedBy(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour,
+ redeemOffer, 2012-03-10T17:15:00)
+wasGeneratedBy(twoBeers,redeemOffer)
+</pre>
+<p>We see that the offer was both used to be converted into <span class="name">twoBeers</span> and invalidated by the <span class="name">redeemOffer</span> activity: in other words, the combined usage and invalidation indicate consumption of the offer.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!--
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+In the following example, invalidation is caused by a new version of an entity being made available. Let us consider the resource <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">tr:prov-dm</a> when it was the first working draft (attribute <span class="name">ex:version=1</span>).
+This resource was no longer the first working draft, as soon as the second working draft was published.
+Hence, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">tr:prov-dm</a> was invalidated by <span class="name">ex:act2</span>,
+when it published <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(tr:prov-dm,[prov:type="working draft", ex:version="1"])
+wasInvalidatedBy(tr:prov-dm,ex:act2,2011-12-15T16:00:00)
+activity(ex:act2,,,[prov:type="publish"])
+wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:act2,2011-12-15T16:00:00)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+In the following example, invalidation is caused by the disappearance of an entity. Let us consider the proceedings of the 2002 Chicago provenance workshop. They used to be hosted at <span class="name">http://people.cs.uchicago.edu/~yongzh/position_papers.html</span>, and were lost as a researcher left the hosting institution. The proceedings were restored at <a href="http://www.ipaw.info/chicago02/position_papers.html"><span class="name">ipaw:2002</span></a>.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(chicago:wkshp2002,[prov:type="workshop talks"])
+wasInvalidatedBy(chicago:wkshp2002,2010-08-21T00:00:00)
+
+entity(ipaw:wkshp2002,[prov:type="workshop talks"])
+activity(ex:restore,[prov:type="Restore"])
+wasGeneratedBy(ipaw:wkshp2002,ex:restore,2012-03-09T0:00:00)
+wasDerivedFrom(ipaw:wkshp2002,chicago:wkshp2002)
+</pre>
+</div>
+-->
+
+</section>
+
+<!--
+<section id="Proposal 2: On Entity Time">
+<h4>Proposal 2: On Entity Time</h4>
+
+<p>
+<b>Context:</b>
+Activities have convenient time information, with startTime and endTime attributes. This is convenience notation that avoids having to declare start/end event, and associated time. No such convenience notation exisst for entities.
+</p>
+
+<p id="proposal2"><b>PROPOSED</b>: to introduce convenience time attribute to entities (similarly to activities).</p>
+
+
+
+<p><em>The text would include the following.</em></p>
+
+<p>Revised definition of entity, with optional time information. Name 'invalidation' (TBC).</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="attributes" id="attributes-entity">An entity<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-entity">entity(id, gt, dt, [ attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-ASN, </span> contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an identifier for an entity; </li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>generationTime</span>: an OPTIONAL time for the generation time of the entity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>invalidationTime</span>: an OPTIONAL time for the invalidation time of the entity;</li>
+
+<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs representing this entity's situation in the world.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+</section>
+
+<hr>
+
+
+
+-->
+
+<!--
+<p id="proposal1"><b>PROPOSED</b>: to introduce a prov-dm concept that marks the end of an entity lifetime. Its name remains to be determined. </p>
+
+<p><em>Suggested names:</em>
+<ul>
+<li> invalidation, <li>expiration, <li>final usage, <li>destruction
+<li> lostFormBy
+</ul>
+
+<p>For now, INVALIDATION is used as <em>placeholder name</em></p>
+-->
+
+<div id="glossary_div" class="remove">
+<!-- glossary loaded from glossary.js will be hooked up here,
+ class remove, will remove this element from the final output.
+-->
+</div>
+
+
+
+ </body>
+</html>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/wd5/wd5-prov-n.html Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,1724 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+
+<html><head>
+ <title>WD5 Working Copy of: PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</title>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
+ <!--
+ === NOTA BENE ===
+ For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
+ out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
+ -->
+<!-- PM -->
+ <style type="text/css">
+ .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
+ </style>
+
+ <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" class="remove"></script>
+
+ <script class="remove">
+ function updateGlossaryRefs() {
+ $('.glossary-ref').each(function(index) {
+ var ref=$(this).attr('ref');
+ $('#'+ref+'.glossary').contents().clone().appendTo($(this));
+ $(this).children('dfn').replaceWith(function(){return $('<span>').addClass('dfn').append($(this).contents())});
+ });
+ }
+ $(document).ready(updateGlossaryRefs);
+ function glossary_include(doc, content) {
+ window.setTimeout(updateGlossaryRefs, 1000);
+ return content;
+ }
+ </script>
+
+ <script class="remove">
+ var addExtraReferences = function() {
+ for (var k in extraReferences)
+ berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
+ };
+ var extraReferences = {
+ "CLOCK":
+ "Lamport, L. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
+ "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
+ "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
+ "CSP":
+ "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
+ "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
+ "Logic":
+ "W. E. Johnson"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
+ "1924. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
+
+
+
+ "PROV-RDF":
+ "James Cheney"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF\"><cite>PROV-RDF Mapping </cite></a>"+
+ "2012, Working in Progress. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF</a>",
+
+ "PROV-XML":
+ "James Cheney"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvXML\"><cite>PROV-XML Mapping </cite></a>"+
+ "2012, Working in Progress. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvXML\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvXML</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-DM":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\"><cite>PROV-DM Constraints</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-SEM":
+ "James Cheney "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Work in progress. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
+
+ "PROV-PRIMER":
+ "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-O":
+ "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-AQ":
+ "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
+ };
+ var respecConfig = {
+ // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
+ specStatus: "ED",
+
+ // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
+ shortName: "prov-n",
+
+ // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
+ // formal title, define it here
+ // subtitle : "About-to-be-frozen WD4 (for internal release)",
+ subtitle : "Initial document for discussion, WD5",
+
+ // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
+ // publishDate: "2011-10-18",
+
+ // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
+ // the start date here:
+ copyrightStart: "2011",
+
+ // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
+ // and its maturity status
+ //previousPublishDate: "2011-12-15",
+ //previousMaturity: "WD",
+
+ // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
+ edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/working-copy/wd5-prov-n.html",
+
+ // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
+ // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
+
+ // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
+ // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
+ extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "./extra.css"],
+
+ // editors, add as many as you like
+ // only "name" is required
+ editors: [
+ { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
+ company: "University of Southampton" },
+ { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
+ company: "Newcastle University" },
+ ],
+
+ // authors, add as many as you like.
+ // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
+ // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
+
+ authors: [
+ { name: "TBD" },
+ ],
+
+
+ // name of the WG
+ wg: "Provenance Working Group",
+
+ // URI of the public WG page
+ wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
+
+ // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
+ wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
+
+ // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
+ // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
+ // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
+ // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
+ // Team Contact.
+ wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
+
+ // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
+ preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
+ };
+ </script>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+
+ <section id="abstract">
+<p>
+PROV-DM is a data model for provenance that describes
+the entities, people and activities involved in
+producing a piece of data or thing in the world. PROV-DM is
+domain-agnostic, but is equipped with extensibility points allowing
+further domain-specific and application-specific extensions to be
+defined. PROV-DM is accompanied by PROV-N, a technology-independent
+notation, which allows serializations of PROV-DM
+instances to be created for human consumption, which facilitates the
+mapping of PROV-DM to concrete syntax, and which is used as the basis for a
+formal semantics of PROV-DM. The purpose of this document is to define the PROV-N notation.
+</p>
+ </section>
+
+<section id="sotd">
+<b>This document is released internally by the Provenance Working Group.</b>
+<section id="prov-family">
+<!-- <h3>Prov Family of Specifications</h3>-->
+This document is part of the PROV family of specifications, a set of specifications aiming to define the various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
+interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. This document defines the PROV-DM data model for provenance, accompanied with a notation to express
+instances of that data model for human consumption. Other documents are:
+<ul>
+<li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS, a set of constraints applying to the PROV-DM data model,</li>
+<li> PROV-N, a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption,</li>
+<li> PROV-O, the provenance ontology: by means of a mapping of PROV-DM to the OWL2 Web Ontology Language, this specification provides a normative serialization of PROV-DM in RDF</li>
+<li> PROV-AQ, provenance access and query: the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance; </li>
+<li> PROV-PRIMER: a primer for the PROV-DM provenance data model,</li>
+<li> PROV-SEM: a formal semantics for the PROV-DM provenance data model.</li>
+</ul>
+</section>
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="introduction">
+<h2>Introduction</h2>
+
+<p> Provenance is defined as a record that describes the people,
+institutions, entities, and activities, involved in producing,
+influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a thing in the world. Two
+companion specifications respectively define PROV-DM, a data model for
+provenance, allowing such descriptions to be expressed [[PROV-DM]] and a set of constraints that provenance descriptions are expectively to satisfy [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]].
+</p>
+
+
+<p>In this context, PROV-N was introduced as a notation to write instances of the data model, as close to its abstract syntax as possible. PROV-N is primarily aimed at human consumption. PROV-N allows
+serializations of PROV-DM instances to be written in a technology independent manner.
+So far, PROV-N has been used in the following ways:</p>
+<ul>
+<li> PROV-N is used to provide technology independent illustrations in [[PROV-DM]] and in the definition of PROV-DM constraints [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]];</li>
+<li> PROV-N is instrumental in defining the mapping mapping of PROV-DM to concrete syntaxes. Mappings translate each PROV-N expression to RDF [[PROV-RDF]] and to XML [[PROV-XML]];</li>
+<li> PROV-N is the basis for a
+formal semantics, in which each PROV-N expression is provided with an interpretation [[PROV-SEM]].
+</ul>
+
+<p>PROV-N was designed to be as close as possible to PROV-DM without the syntactic bias and modelling constraints that concrete technologies bring with them, e.g., XML's choice between attribute and element, RDF's reliance on triples, or JSON's usage of dictionaries. </p>
+
+<p>The purpose of this document is solely to define the syntax of PROV-N.
+For each construct of PROV-DM, a corresponding PROV-N expression is introduced, by way of a production in the PROV-N grammar presented in this document. </p>
+
+
+<p>This specification is one of several specifications, referred to as the PROV family of specifications, defining the various aspects
+that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable exchange of provenance:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>A data model for provenance, which is presented in three documents:
+<ul>
+<li> PROV-DM (part I): the provenance data model itself, expressed in natural language [[PROV-DM]];
+<li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS (part II): constraints underpinning the data model [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]];
+<li> PROV-N (part III): a notation to express instances of that data model for human consumption (this document);
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>PROV-O: a normative serialization of PROV-DM in RDF [[!PROV-O]], specified by means of a mapping to the OWL2 Web Ontology Language [[!OWL2-SYNTAX]];</li>
+<li>PROV-AQ: the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [[PROV-AQ]];</li>
+<li>PROV-PRIMER: a primer for the PROV approach [[PROV-PRIMER]];</li>
+<li>PROV-SEM: semantics of the PROV-DM data model [[PROV-SEM]];</li>
+</ul>
+
+ <section id="structure-of-this-document">
+<h3>Structure of this Document</h3>
+
+<div class='note'>TODO</div>
+
+
+ </section>
+
+
+<section id="prov-dm-namespace">
+ <h3>PROV-DM Namespace</h3>
+
+
+<p>The PROV-DM namespace is <span class="name">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov/</span>.</p>
+
+<p> All the elements, relations, reserved names and attributes introduced in this specification belong to the PROV-DM namespace.</p>
+
+<div class="issue">
+There is a desire to use a single namespace that all specifications of the PROV family can share to refer to common provenance terms. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/224">ISSUE-224</a>.
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+ <section id="conventions">
+<h3>Conventions</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
+ NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
+ "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
+ [[!RFC2119]].</p>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="grammar-notation">
+<h3>Design Rationale for PROV-N</h3>
+
+<p>A key goal of PROV-DM is the specification of a machine-processable data model for provenance so that application having obtained the provenance of the resource they manipulate can reason about such provenance. As such, representations of PROV-DM are available in RDF and XML.
+</p>
+
+<p>However, communicating provenance between humans is also important when teaching, illustrating, formalizing, and discussing provenance-related issues. To this end, PROV-N is a notation that is designed to write instances of the PROV-DM data model in a compact textual form, without the syntactic bagage and constraints coming with a markup language such as XML or a description framework such as RDF. </p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>PROV-N adopts a <em>functional notation</em> consisting a name and a series of arguments in bracket.</li>
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample" >
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<li>The interpretation of PROV-N arguments is defined according to their <em>position</em> in the list of arguments. This convention allows for a compact notation. </li>
+
+<li><p>
+PROV-N <em>optional arguments</em> need not be specified (when this does not lead to ambiguity).</p>
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The activity, generation, and usage are specified in the first derivation, whereas they are not in the second.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample" >
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>Activity <span class="name">a1</span> does not have start and end times specified, whereas <span class="name">a2</span> does</p>
+<pre class="codeexample" >
+activity(a1)
+activity(a2, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, 2011-11-16T16:00:01)
+</pre>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li><p>For cases where it is desirable to indicate which arguments have not been specified, PROV-N uses the <em>syntactic marker</em> <span class="name">-</span> for unspecified arguments.</p>
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The activity, generation, and usage are specified in the first derivation, whereas they are not in the second, but have been explicitly marked as such.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample" >
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, -, -)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, -, -, -)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>Activity <span class="name">a1</span> does not have start and end times specified, but they are been marked syntactically.</p>
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample" >
+activity(a1, -, -)
+activity(a2, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, 2011-11-16T16:00:01)
+</pre>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li><p>The identifier always occur in <em>first position</em>. For expressions with optional identifier, it may be expressed by the syntactic marker <span class="name">-</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Derivation has an optional identifier. In the first derivation, the identifier is not expressed. It is explicit in the second, and marked by a <span class="name">-</span> in the third.</p>
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample" >
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1)
+wasDerivedFrom(d, e2, e1)
+wasDerivedFrom(-, e2, e1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<li><p>Most expressions have an optional set of attribute-value pairs, which occur in <em>last position</em>, and delimited by square brackets. </p>
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample" >
+activity(ex:a10)
+activity(ex:a10, [])
+activity(ex:a10, [prov:type="createFile"])
+activity(ex:a10, [ex:param="a", ex:param="b"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+<li> PROV-N exposes attributes that PROV-DM provides an interpretation for [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]] directly as positional arguments of expressions, whereas those for which PROV-DM provides no interpretation need to be expressed among the optional attribute-value pairs.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="grammar-notation">
+<h3>Grammar Notation</h3>
+
+<p>This specification includes a grammar for PROV-N expressed using the Extended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF) notation.</p>
+
+<div class="grammar">
+<p> Each production rule (or <dfn>production</dfn>, for short) in the grammar defines one non-terminal symbol, in the form:</p>
+<p>
+<span class="nonterminal">E</span> ::= <em>expression</em>
+</p>
+
+
+Within the expression on the right-hand side of a rule, the following expressions are used to match strings of one or more characters:
+<ul>
+<li>
+<span class="nonterminal">E</span>: matches term satisfying rule for symbol E.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<span class="name">abc</span>: matches the literal string inside the single quotes.
+</li>
+
+
+<li>
+<span class="optional"><em>expression</em></span>: matches <em>expression</em> or nothing; optional <em>expression</em>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<span class="plus"><em>expression</em></span>: matches one or more occurrences of <em>expression</em>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<span class="star"><em>expression</em></span>: matches zero or more occurrences of <em>expression</em>.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="components">
+<h2>PROV-N Productions per Component</h2>
+
+<p>A PROV-N document allows writing down instances of the PROV-DM data model in a compact textual form. It consists of a sequence of expressions.</p>
+
+
+<p>Instances of the PROV-DM data model are expressed in PROV-N by a text conformant with the toplevel <a>production</a> <span class="nonterminal">expression</span> of the grammar. </p>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<table border="0" style="background: white;">
+<tr><td><span class="nonterminal">expression</span>
+ ::=<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/></td><td>
+<!-- Component 1-->
+ <span class="nonterminal">entityExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">activityExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">generationExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">usageExpression</span>
+<br/>
+| <span class="nonterminal">startExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">endExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">communicationExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">startByActivityExpression</span>
+<br/>
+<!-- Component 2-->
+| <span class="nonterminal">agentExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">attributionExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">associationExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">responsibilityExpression</span>
+<br/>
+<!-- Component 3-->
+| <span class="nonterminal">derivationExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">revisionExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">quotationExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">hadOriginalSourceExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">traceabilityExpression</span>
+<br/>
+<!-- Component 4-->
+| <span class="nonterminal">alternateExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">specializationExpression</span>
+<br/>
+<!-- Component 5-->
+<!-- Component 6-->
+
+| <span class="nonterminal">noteExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">annotationExpression</span>
+<br/>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="component1">
+<h3>Component 1: Entities and Activities</h3>
+
+<section id="expression-Entity">
+<h4>Entity</h4>
+
+<div class="withPn">
+<p>
+An entity's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">entityExpression</span> production.
+</p>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">entityExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">entity</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span><br/><br/>
+<!-- -->
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span> ::=
+<span class="optional"><span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="name">[</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">]</span>
+</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">attribute-values</span> ::=
+<span class="nonterminal">attribute-value</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">attribute-value</span> <span class="name">,</span> <span class="nonterminal">attribute-values</span>
+<br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">attribute-value</span> ::=
+<span class="nonterminal">attribute</span>
+<span class="name">=</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">Literal</span>
+<br/>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215)
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document" ])
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version=2 ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+</section>
+<section id="expression-Activity">
+<h4>Activity</h4>
+
+
+<div class="withPn">
+<p>An activity's text matches the <span class='nonterminal'>activityExpression</span> production.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">activityExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">activity</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+<span class="optional"><span class="name">,</span>
+(<span class="nonterminal">time</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="name">,</span>
+(<span class="nonterminal">time</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(ex:a10)
+activity(ex:a10, -, -)
+activity(ex:a10, -, -, [prov:type="edit"])
+activity(ex:a10, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+activity(ex:a10, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, -)
+activity(ex:a10, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, -, [prov:type="createFile"])
+activity(ex:a10, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, 2011-11-16T16:00:01, [prov:type="createFile"])
+activity(ex:a10, [prov:type="edit"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+<section id="expression-Generation">
+<h4>Generation</h4>
+
+
+<div class="withPn">
+<p>A generation's text matches the <span class='nonterminal'>generationExpression</span> production.</p>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">generationExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+( <span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="name">,</span> ( <span class="nonterminal">time</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span><br/>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
+wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasGeneratedBy(e2, a1, -, [ex:fct="save"])
+wasGeneratedBy(e2, -, -, [ex:fct="save"])
+wasGeneratedBy(ex:g1, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
+wasGeneratedBy(ex:g1, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasGeneratedBy(-, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>Even though the production <span class="nonterminal">generationExpression</span> allows for expressions <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2, -, -)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(-, e2, -, -)</span>, these expressions are not valid in PROV-N.</p>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="expression-Usage">
+<h4>Usage</h4>
+
+
+<p>A usage's text matches the <span class='nonterminal'>usageExpression</span> production.</p>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">usageExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">used</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span> ( <span class="nonterminal">time</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span><br/>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+used(ex:act2, ar3:0111, -)
+used(ex:act2, ar3:0111, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+used(a1,e1, -, [ex:fct="load"])
+used(ex:u1, ex:act2, ar3:0111, -)
+used(-, ex:act2, ar3:0111, -)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>Even though the production <span class="nonterminal">usageExpression</span> allows for expressions <span class="name">used(e2, -, -)</span> and <span class="name">used(-, e2, -, -)</span>, these expressions are not valid in PROV-N.</p>
+
+</section>
+<section id="expression-Start">
+<h4>Start</h4>
+
+<p>An activity start's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">startExpression</span> production of the grammar
+</p>
+
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">startExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+( <span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="name">,</span> ( <span class="nonterminal">time</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasStartedBy(ex:act2, ar3:0111, -)
+wasStartedBy(ex:act2, ar3:0111, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasStartedBy(ex:act2, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasStartedBy(ex:act2, -, -)
+wasStartedBy(ex:act2, -, -, [ex:param="a"])
+wasStartedBy(s, ex:act2, ar3:0111, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasStartedBy(-, ex:act2, ar3:0111, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>Even though the production <span class="nonterminal">startExpression</span> allows for expressions <span class="name">wasStartedBy(e2, -, -)</span> and <span class="name">wasStartedBy(-, e2, -, -)</span>, these expressions are not valid in PROV-N.</p>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="expression-End">
+<h4>End</h4>
+
+<p>An activity end's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">endExpression</span> production of the grammar.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">endExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">wasEndedBy</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+( <span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="name">,</span> ( <span class="nonterminal">time</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasEndedBy(ex:act2, ex:trigger, -)
+wasEndedBy(ex:act2, ex:trigger, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasEndedBy(ex:act2, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasEndedBy(ex:act2, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:param="a"])
+wasEndedBy(e,ex:act2, -, -)
+wasEndedBy(e, ex:act2, ex:trigger, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasEndedBy(-, ex:act2, ex:trigger, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>Even though the production <span class="nonterminal">endExpression</span> allows for expressions <span class="name">wasEndedBy(e2, -, -)</span> and <span class="name">wasEndedBy(-, e2, -, -)</span>, these expressions are not valid in PROV-N.</p>
+</section>
+
+<section id="expression-wasInformedBy">
+<h4>Communication</h4>
+
+
+<div class="grammar">
+<span class="nonterminal">communicationExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">wasInformedBy</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasInformedBy(ex:a1, ex:a2)
+wasInformedBy(ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+wasInformedBy(i, ex:a1, ex:a2)
+wasInformedBy(i, ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+wasInformedBy(-, ex:a1, ex:a2)
+wasInformedBy(-, ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+</section>
+
+<section id="expression-startByActivity">
+<h4>Start by Activity</h4>
+
+<div class="grammar">
+<span class="nonterminal">startByActivityExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">wasStartedByActivity</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+<br>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasStartedByActivity(ex:a1, ex:a2)
+wasStartedByActivity(ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+wasStartedByActivity(s,ex:a1, ex:a2)
+wasStartedByActivity(s,ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+wasStartedByActivity(-,ex:a1, ex:a2)
+wasStartedByActivity(-,ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+</section>
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="component2">
+<h3>Component 2: Agents and Responsibility</h3>
+<section id="expression-Agent">
+<h4>Agent</h4>
+
+
+<div class="withPn">
+<p>An agent's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">agentExpression</span> production.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">agentExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">agent</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+agent(ag4)
+agent(ag4, [ prov:type="prov:Person" %% xsd:QName, ex:name="David" ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+<section id="expression-attribution">
+<h4>Attribution</h4>
+
+<div class="grammar">
+<span class="nonterminal">attributionExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">wasAttributedTo</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasAttributedTo(e,ag)
+wasAttributedTo(e,ag,[ex:license="cc:attributionURL" %% "xsd:QName"])
+wasAttributedTo(id,e,ag,[ex:license="cc:attributionURL" %% "xsd:QName"])
+wasAttributedTo(-,e,ag,[ex:license="cc:attributionURL" %% "xsd:QName"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</section> <!-- end attribution -->
+
+
+<section id="expression-Association">
+<h4>Association</h4>
+
+<p>An association's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">activityAssociationExpression</span> productions of the grammar defined in this specification
+document.</p>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">associationExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">wasAssociatedWith</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+( <span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="name">,</span>
+( <span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a1, -, ex:e1)
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a1, ex:ag1, -)
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a1, ex:ag1, ex:e1)
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a1, ex:ag1, ex:e1, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+wasAssociatedWith(a, ex:a1, -, ex:e1)
+wasAssociatedWith(-, ex:a1, -, ex:e1)
+wasAssociatedWith(-, ex:a1, ex:ag1, -)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>Even though the production <span class="nonterminal">associationExpression</span> allows for expressions <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a, -, -)</span> and <span class="name">wasAssociatiedWith(-, a, -, -)</span>, these expressions are not valid in PROV-N.</p>
+</section>
+<section id="expression-responsibility">
+<h4>Responsibility</h4>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">responsibilityExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+( <span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag1, ag2, -)
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag1, ag2, a)
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag1, ag2, -, [prov:type="delegation"])
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag2, ag3, a, [prov:type="contract"])
+actedOnBehalfOf(r, ag2, ag3, a, [prov:type="contract"])
+actedOnBehalfOf(-, ag1, ag2, -)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+</section>
+<section id="component3">
+<h3>Component 3: Derivations</h3>
+<section id="Derivation-Relation">
+<h4>Derivation</h4>
+
+<p>A derivation expression's text matches the <span class='nonterminal'>derivationExpression</span> production.</p>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">derivationExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">wasDerivedFrom</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="optional">
+<span class="name">,</span>
+( <span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="name">,</span>
+( <span class="nonterminal">gIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="name">,</span>
+( <span class="nonterminal">uIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, -, g2, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, -, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, -)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, -, -)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, -, -, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, -, -, -)
+wasDerivedFrom(d, e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(-, e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+<section id="expression-Revision">
+<h4>Revision</h4>
+
+<div class="grammar">
+<span class="nonterminal">revisionExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">wasRevisionOf</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+( <span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasRevisionOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, -)
+wasRevisionOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, w3:Consortium)
+wasRevisionOf(id,tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, w3:Consortium)
+wasRevisionOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, -)
+wasRevisionOf(id,tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, -)
+wasRevisionOf(-,tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, -)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section> <!-- end revision -->
+<section id="expression-quotation">
+<h4>Quotation</h4>
+
+<p>A quotation expression's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">quotationExpression</span> production of the grammar.</p>
+
+<div class="grammar">
+<span class="nonterminal">quotationExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">wasQuotedFrom</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="optional">
+<span class="name">,</span>
+( <span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="name">,</span>
+( <span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasQuotedFrom(ex:blockQuote,ex:blog)
+wasQuotedFrom(ex:blockQuote,ex:blog,ex:Luc,ex:Paul)
+wasQuotedFrom(ex:blockQuote,ex:blog,-,ex:Paul)
+wasQuotedFrom(ex:blockQuote,ex:blog,ex:Luc,ex:Paul,[])
+wasQuotedFrom(ex:blockQuote,ex:blog, -, -)
+wasQuotedFrom(id,ex:blockQuote,ex:blog,ex:Luc,ex:Paul)
+wasQuotedFrom(-,ex:blockQuote,ex:blog,ex:Luc,-)
+
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</section> <!-- end quotation -->
+
+
+<section id="expression-original-source">
+<h4>Original Source</h4>
+
+<p>An original source record's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">originalSourceExpression</span> production of the grammar.</p>
+
+<div class="grammar">
+<span class="nonterminal">originalSourceExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">hadOriginalSource</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+hadOriginalSource(ex:e1, ex:e2)
+hadOriginalSource(ex:e1, ex:e2,[ex:param="a"])
+hadOriginalSource(-,ex:e1, ex:e2,[ex:param="a"])
+hadOriginalSource(-,ex:e1, ex:e2)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</section> <!-- end original source -->
+<section id="expression-traceability">
+<h4>Traceability</h4>
+
+<p>A traceability expression's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">traceabilityExpression</span> production of the grammar.</p>
+
+
+<div class="grammar">
+<span class="nonterminal">traceabilityExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">tracedTo</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+tracedTo(e2,e1)
+tracedTo(e2,e1,[ex:param="a"])
+tracedTo(id,e2,e1,[ex:param="a"])
+tracedTo(-,e2,e1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+</section>
+<section id="component4">
+<h3>Component 4: Alternate Entities</h3>
+<section id="expression-alternate">
+<h4>Alternate</h4>
+
+<p>An alternate relation's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">alternateExpression</span> production.</p>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+ <span class="nonterminal">alternateExpression</span> ::=
+ <span class="name">alternateOf</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+alternateOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex:alternate-20111215)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+<section id="expression-specialization">
+<h4>Specialization</h4>
+
+<p>A specialization relation's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">specializationExpression</span> production.</p>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+ <span class="nonterminal">specializationExpression</span> ::=
+ <span class="name">specializationOf</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+specializationOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,tr:prov-dm)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+</section>
+
+<section id="component5">
+<h3>Component 5: Collections</h3>
+
+<div class="note">To be checked: Grammar has not been implemented yet.</div>
+
+<section id="expression-collection-insertion">
+<h3>Insertion</h3>
+
+A Derivation-by-Insertion relation's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">derivationByInsertionFromExpression</span> production.</p>
+
+<div class="grammar">
+ <span class="nonterminal">derivationByInsertionFromExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">derivedByInsertionFrom</span>
+ <span class="name">(</span>
+ <span class="optional"><span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span></span>
+<span class="nonterminal">afterIdentifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">beforeIdentifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">keyidentifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">validentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+ <span class="name">)</span>
+ <br>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+derivedByInsertionFrom(id, c1, c, "k1", v1)
+derivedByInsertionFrom(id, c1, c, "k1", v1, [])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="expression-collection-removal">
+<h3>Removal</h3>
+
+A Derivation-by-Removal relation's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">derivationByRemovalFromExpression</span> production.</p>
+
+<div class="grammar">
+ <span class="nonterminal">derivationByRemovalFromExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">derivedByRemovalFrom</span>
+ <span class="name">(</span>
+ <span class="optional"><span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span></span>
+<span class="nonterminal">afterIdentifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">beforeIdentifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">keyidentifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+ <span class="name">)</span>
+ <br>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+derivedByRemovalFrom(id, c1, c, "k1")
+derivedByRemovalFrom(id, c1, c, "k1", [])
+ </pre>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="expression-collection-containment">
+<h3>Containment</h3>
+
+A Containment relation's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">containedExpression</span> production.</p>
+
+<div class="grammar">
+ <span class="nonterminal">containedExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">contained</span>
+ <span class="name">(</span>
+ <span class="optional"><span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span></span>
+<span class="nonterminal">afterIdentifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">keyidentifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">validentifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+ <span class="name">)</span>
+ <br>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+contained(id, c, "k", v)
+contained(id, c, "k", v,[])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="collection-convenience-relations">
+<h3>Convenience relations</h3>
+
+A Derivation-by-Bulk-Insertion relation's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">derivationByBulkInsertionFromExpression</span> production.</p>
+
+<div class="grammar">
+ <span class="nonterminal">derivationByBulkInsertionFromExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">derivedByBulkInsertionFrom</span>
+ <span class="name">(</span>
+ <span class="optional"><span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span></span>
+<span class="nonterminal">afterIdentifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">beforeIdentifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span>
+ <span class="name">{</span>
+ <span class="nonterminal">keyValuePairs</span>
+ <span class="name">}</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+ <span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+ derivedByBulkInsertionFrom(c1, c, {("k1", v1), ("k2", v2)})
+ derivedByBulkInsertionFrom(c1, c, {("k1", v1), ("k2", v2)}), []
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p> A Derivation-by-Bulk-Removal relation's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">derivationByBulkRemovalFromExpression</span> production.</p>
+
+
+<div class="grammar">
+ <span class="nonterminal">derivationByBulkRemovalFromExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">derivedByRemovalFrom</span>
+ <span class="name">(</span>
+ <span class="optional"><span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span></span>
+<span class="nonterminal">afterIdentifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">beforeIdentifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span>
+ <span class="name">{</span>
+ <span class="nonterminal">keySet</span>
+ <span class="name">}</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+ <span class="name">)</span>
+ <br>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ derivedByBulkRemovalFrom(c3, c1, {"k1", "k3"})
+ derivedByBulkRemovalFrom(c3, c1, {"k1", "k3"}, [])
+
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+
+<p> A Bulk-Containment relation's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">containedBulkExpression</span> production.</p>
+
+<div class="grammar">
+ <span class="nonterminal">containedBulkExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">contained</span>
+ <span class="name">(</span>
+ <span class="optional"><span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span></span>
+<span class="nonterminal">afterIdentifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span>
+ <span class="name">{</span>
+ <span class="nonterminal">keyValuePairs</span>
+ <span class="name">}</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">validentifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+ <span class="name">)</span>
+ <br>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+ containedBulk(c3, {("k4", v4), ("k5", v5)})
+ containedBulk(c3, {("k4", v4), ("k5", v5)},[])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+ In the productions above, nonterminals <span class="nonterminal">keyValuePairs</span> and <span class="nonterminal">keySet</span> are defined as follows.
+
+
+ <div class="grammar">
+<span class="nonterminal">keyValuePairs</span> ::=
+<span class="name">(</span>
+ <span class="nonterminal">keyidentifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">validentifier</span>
+ <span class="name">)</span>
+|
+<span class="name">(</span>
+ <span class="nonterminal">keyidentifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">validentifier</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">keyValuePairs</span>
+</div>
+
+ <div class="grammar">
+<span class="nonterminal">keySet</span> ::=
+ <span class="nonterminal">keyidentifier</span>
+|
+ <span class="nonterminal">keyidentifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">keySet</span>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+</section> <!-- end collections-->
+<section id="component6">
+<h3>Component 6: Annotations</h3>
+ <section id="expression-note">
+<h4>Note</h4>
+
+<div class="withPn">
+<p>A note's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">noteExpression</span> production.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">noteExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">note</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+note(ann1,[ex:color="blue", ex:screenX=20, ex:screenY=30])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+ </section>
+
+<section id="expression-annotation">
+<h4>Annotation</h4>
+
+
+<p>A note's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">noteExpression</span> production.
+</p>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">annotationExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">hasAnnotation</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">nIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+hasAnnotation(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex2:n1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+<section id="second-class-elements">
+<section id="expression-NamespaceDeclaration">
+</section>
+<section id="expression-identifier">
+</section>
+<section id="expression-attribute">
+<section id="expression-attribute-role">
+</section>
+<section id="expression-attribute-type">
+</section>
+<section id="expression-attribute-label">
+</section>
+<section id="expression-attribute-location">
+</section>
+</section>
+<section id="expression-value">
+</section>
+</section>
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="subexpressions">
+<h3>Further Expressions</h3>
+
+This section defines further expressions of PROV-N.
+
+
+<section id="expression-NamespaceDeclaration">
+<h3>Namespace Declaration</h3>
+
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclarations</span> ::=
+ | <span class="group"><span class="nonterminal">defaultNamespaceDeclaration</span> | <span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclaration</span></span> <span class="star"> <span
+class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclaration</span></span><br>
+<span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclaration</span> ::=
+<span class="name">prefix</span> <span class="nonterminal">prefix</span> <span class="nonterminal">IRI</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">defaultNamespaceDeclaration</span> ::=
+ <span class="name">default</span> <span class="nonterminal">IRI</span> <br/>
+</div>
+
+<p>In PROV-N, the prefix <span class="name">prov</span> is reserved and denotes the PROV namespace.</p>
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="expression-identifier">
+<h4>Identifier</h4>
+
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">qualifiedName</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote an entity)</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote an activity)</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote an agent)</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">gIdentifier</span>::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote a generation)</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">uIdentifier</span>::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote a usage)</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">nIdentifier</span>::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote a note)</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">accIdentifier</span>::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote an account)</em>
+<br/>
+<br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">qualifiedName</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">prefixedName</span> | <span class="nonterminal">unprefixedName</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">prefixedName</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">prefix</span> <span class="name">:</span> <span class="nonterminal">localPart</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">unprefixedName</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">localPart</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">prefix</span> ::= <em>a name without colon compatible with the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/#NT-NCName">NC_NAME</a> production
+[[!XML-NAMES]]</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">localPart</span> ::= <em>a name without colon compatible with the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/#NT-NCName">NC_NAME</a> production
+[[!XML-NAMES]]</em>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="note">Note that XML NC_NAME don't allow local identifiers to start with a number. Instead, should we use the productions used in SPARQL or TURTLE?</div>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="expression-attribute">
+<h4>Attribute</h4>
+
+
+<p>An attribute's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">attribute</span> production.</p>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">attribute</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">qualifiedName</span><br/>
+</div>
+
+<p>The reserved attributes in the PROV namespace are the following.</p>
+
+<ol>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:label</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:location</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:role</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:steps</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:type</span>
+</ol>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="expression-literal">
+<h4>Literal</h4>
+
+<p>A Literal's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">Literal</span> production.</p>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">Literal</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">typedLiteral</span> | <span class="nonterminal">convenienceNotation</span> <br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">typedLiteral</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">quotedString</span> <span class="name">%%</span> <span class="nonterminal">datatype</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">datatype</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">qualifiedName</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">convenienceNotation</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">stringLiteral</span> | <span class="nonterminal">intLiteral</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">stringLiteral</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">quotedString</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">quotedString</span> ::= <em>a finite sequence of characters in which " (U+22) and \ (U+5C) occur only in pairs of the form \" (U+5C, U+22) and \\ (U+5C,
+U+5C), enclosed in a pair of " (U+22) characters</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">intLiteral</span> ::= <em>a finite-length sequence of decimal digits (#x30-#x39) with an optional leading negative sign (-)</em>
+</div>
+
+<p>The non terminals <span class="nonterminal">stringLiteral</span> and
+<span class="nonterminal">intLiteral</span>
+are syntactic sugar for quoted strings with datatype <span class="name">xsd:string</span> and <span class="name">xsd:int</span>, respectively.
+</p>
+
+<p> In particular, a PROV-DM Literal may be an IRI-typed string (with datatype <span class="name">xsd:anyURI</span>); such IRI has no specific interpretation in the context of PROV-DM.</p>
+
+<section id="expression-types">
+<h4>Reserved Type Values</h4>
+
+<p>The reserved type values in the PROV namespace are the following.</p>
+
+<ol>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:AccountEntity</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:SoftwareAgent</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:Person</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:Organization</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:Plan</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:Collection</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:EmptyCollection</span>
+</ol>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="expression-Time">
+<h4>Time Values</h4>
+
+<p><dfn id="dfn-time">Time instants</dfn> are defined according to xsd:dateTime [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]].</p>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="ExpressionContainer">
+<h4>Expression Container</h4>
+
+<p>An <dfn id="dfn-ExpressionContainer">expression container</dfn> is a house-keeping construct of PROV-N capable of packaging up PROV-N <a title="expression">expressions</a> and namespace declarations. An expression container forms a self-contained package of provenance descriptions for the purpose of <em>exchanging</em> them. An expression container may be used
+ to package up PROV-N <a title="record">expressions</a> in response to a request for the provenance of something ([[PROV-AQ]]).</p>
+
+<p> Given its status of house keeping construct for the purpose of exchanging provenance expressions, an expression container is not defined as a PROV-N expression (<a href="#data-model-concepts">production <span class="nonterminal">expression</span></a>).</p>
+
+
+<p>An expression container, written <span class="name">container decls exprs endContainer</span> in PROV-N, contains:
+<ul>
+<li><em>namespaceDeclarations</em>: a set <span class="name">decls</span> of namespace declarations, declaring namespaces and associated prefixes, which can be used in <a
+title="attribute">attributes</a> and <a title="identifier">identifiers</a> occurring inside <span class="name">exprs</span>;</li>
+<li><em>expressions</em>: a non-empty set of expressions <span class="name">exprs</span>.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>An expression container's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">expressionContainer</span> production.</p>
+
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">expressionContainer</span> ::=
+<span class="name">container</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclarations</span>
+<span class="plus"> <span class="nonterminal">expression</span> </span>
+<span class="name">endContainer</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following container contains expressions related to the provenance of entity
+<span class="name">e2</span>.
+</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+container
+
+ prefix ex: http://example.org/,
+
+ entity(e2, [ prov:type="File", ex:path="/shared/crime.txt", ex:creator="Alice",
+ ex:content="There was a lot of crime in London last month."])
+ activity(a1, 2011-11-16T16:05:00,,[prov:type="edit"])
+ wasGeneratedBy(e2, a1, [ex:fct="save"])
+ wasAssociatedWith(a1, ag2, [prov:role="author"])
+ agent(ag2, [ prov:type="prov:Person" %% xsd:QName, ex:name="Bob" ])
+
+endContainer
+</pre>
+<p>This container could for instance be returned as the result of a query to a provenance store for the provenance of entity <span class="name">e2</span> [[PROV-AQ]].
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class='issue'>
+Clarify what records are. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/208">ISSUE-208</a>. </div>
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="account">
+<h3>Account</h3>
+
+<p>PROV-DM has introduced a notion of account by which a set of provenance descriptions can be bundled up and named. PROV-DM <em>assumes</em> the existence of mechanisms to implement accounts, but such mechanisms remain outside its scope. It is suggested that specific serializations may offer solutions to name bundles of descriptions. </p>
+
+<p>Given that the primary motivation for PROV-N is to provide a notation aimed at human consumption, it is therefore appropriate to introduce a notation for accounts, which would include an account name and a bundle of expressions.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>An account, written <span class="name">account(id, exprs)</span> in PROV-N, contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>id</em>: an identifier <span class="name">id</span> that identifies this account;</li>
+<li><em>expressions</em>: a set <span class="name">exprs</span> of expressions;</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>In PROV-N, an account's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">accountExpression</span> production of the grammar.</p>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">accountExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">account</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="plus">
+<span class="nonterminal">expression</span> </span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>It is also useful to package up one or more account expressions in an expression container, for interchange purpose. Hence, <span class="nonterminal">expressionContainer</span> is revised as follows. </p>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">expressionContainer</span> ::=
+<span class="name">container</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclarations</span>
+<span class="plus"> <span class="nonterminal">expression</span> </span>
+<span class="name">endContainer</span> <br/>
+| <span class="name">container</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclarations</span>
+<span class="plus"> <span class="nonterminal">accountExpression</span> </span>
+<span class="name">endContainer</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following container </p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+container
+ prefix ex: http://example.org/,
+
+ account(ex:acc1,...)
+ account(ex:acc2,...)
+endContainer
+</pre>
+<p> illustrates how two accounts with identifiers <span class="name">ex:acc1</span> and <span class="name">ex:acc2</span> can be returned in a PROV-N serialization of the provenance of
+something.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following container </p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+container
+ prefix ex: http://example.org/,
+ ...
+
+ account(ex:acc1,
+ entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+ entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+ ...
+ wasAssociatedWith(ex:pub2, w3:Consortium @ pr:rec-advance))
+
+ account(ex:acc2,
+ entity(ex:acc1, [prov:type="prov:AccountEntity" %% xsd:QName ])
+ wasAttributedTo(ex1:acc1,w3:Consortium))
+
+endContainer
+</pre>
+<p> illustrates a first account, with identifier <span class="name">ex:acc1</span>, containing expressions describing the provenance of the technical report <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>, and a second account <span class="name">ex:acc2</span>, describing the provenance of the first. In account <span class="name">ex:acc2</span>, <span class="name">ex:acc1</span> is the identifier of an entity of type <span class="name">prov:AccountEntity</span>.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/wd6-prov-constraints.html Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,2330 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+
+<html><head>
+ <title>Constraints of the Provenance Data Model</title>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
+ <!--
+ === NOTA BENE ===
+ For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
+ out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
+ -->
+<!-- PM -->
+ <style type="text/css">
+ .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
+ </style>
+
+ <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
+
+ <script class="remove">
+ var addExtraReferences = function() {
+ for (var k in extraReferences)
+ berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
+ };
+ var extraReferences = {
+ "CLOCK":
+ "Lamport, L. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
+ "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
+ "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
+ "CSP":
+ "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
+ "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
+ "Logic":
+ "W. E. Johnson"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
+ "1924. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
+ "PROV-SEM":
+ "James Cheney "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Work in progress. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
+
+ "PROV-PRIMER":
+ "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-DM":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Reza B'Far, Stephen Cresswell, Yolanda Gil, Paul Groth, Graham Klyne, Jim McCusker, Simon Miles, James Myers, Satya Sahoo, and Curt Tilmes"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</cite></a>. "+
+ "2012, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-N":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.)"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\"><cite>PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-O":
+ "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-AQ":
+ "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
+ };
+ var respecConfig = {
+ // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
+ specStatus: "ED",
+
+ // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
+ shortName: "prov-constraints",
+
+ // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
+ // formal title, define it here
+ subtitle : "towards second working draft",
+
+
+ // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
+ // publishDate: "2012-05-03",
+
+ // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
+ // the start date here:
+ copyrightStart: "2012",
+
+ // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
+ // and its maturity status
+ previousPublishDate: "2012-05-03",
+ previousMaturity: "WD",
+
+ // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
+ edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-constraints.html",
+
+ // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
+ // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
+
+ // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
+ // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
+ extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "./extra.css"],
+
+ // editors, add as many as you like
+ // only "name" is required
+ editors: [
+ { name: "James Cheney", url:
+ "http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jcheney", company:
+ "University of Edinburgh" },
+ { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
+ company: "Newcastle University" },
+ { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
+ company: "University of Southampton" },
+ ],
+
+ // authors, add as many as you like.
+ // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
+ // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
+
+ //authors: ,
+// authors: [
+// { name: "TBD" },
+// ],
+
+ // name of the WG
+ wg: "Provenance Working Group",
+
+ // URI of the public WG page
+ wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
+
+ // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
+ wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
+
+ // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
+ // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
+ // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
+ // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
+ // Team Contact.
+ wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
+
+ // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
+ preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
+ };
+ </script>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+
+ <section id="abstract">
+<p>
+PROV-DM, the PROV data model, is a data model for provenance that describes
+the entities, people and activities involved in
+producing a piece of data or thing.
+PROV-DM is structured in six components, dealing with:
+(1) entities and activities, and the time at which they were created, used, or ended;
+(2) agents bearing responsibility for entities that were generated and activities that happened;
+(3) derivations of entities from entities;
+(4) properties to link entities that refer to a same thing;
+(5) collections forming a logical structure for its members;
+(6) a simple annotation mechanism.
+</p>
+
+
+<p> This document introduces a further set of concepts useful for
+ understanding the PROV data model and defines <i>inferences</i>
+ that are allowed on provenance statements and <i>validity
+ constraints</i> that PROV instances should
+ follow. These inferences and constraints are useful for readers who
+ develop applications that generate provenance or reason over
+ provenance.
+</p>
+</section>
+
+<section id="sotd">
+<h4>PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
+This document is part of the PROV family of specifications, a set of specifications defining various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
+interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. The specifications are:
+<ul>
+<li> PROV-DM, the PROV data model for provenance;</li>
+<li> PROV-CONSTRAINTS, a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model (this document);</li>
+<li> PROV-N, a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption;</li>
+<li> PROV-O, the PROV ontology, an OWL-RL ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF;</li>
+<li> PROV-AQ, the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance; </li>
+<li> PROV-PRIMER, a primer for the PROV data model;</li>
+<li> PROV-SEM, a formal semantics for the PROV data model;</li>
+<li> PROV-XML, an XML schema for the PROV data model.</li>
+</ul>
+<h4>How to read the PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>The primer is the entry point to PROV offering an introduction to the provenance model.</li>
+<li>The Linked Data and Semantic Web community should focus on PROV-O defining PROV classes and properties specified in an OWL-RL ontology. For further details, PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS specify the constraints applicable to the data model, and its interpretation. PROV-SEM provides a mathematical semantics.</li>
+<li>The XML community should focus on PROV-XML defining an XML schema for PROV-DM. Further details can also be found in PROV-DM, PROV-CONSTRAINTS, and PROV-SEM.</li>
+<li>Developers seeking to retrieve or publish provenance should focus on PROV-AQ.</li>
+<li>Readers seeking to implement other PROV serializations
+should focus on PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS. PROV-O, PROV-N, PROV-XML offer examples of mapping to RDF, text, and XML, respectively.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h4>First Public Working Draft</h4>
+ <p>This is the first public release of the PROV-CONSTRAINTS
+document. Following feedback, the Working Group has decided to
+reorganize the PROV-DM document substantially, separating the data model,
+from its constraints, and the notation used to illustrate it. The
+PROV-CONSTRAINTS release is synchronized with the release of the PROV-DM, PROV-O,
+PROV-PRIMER, and PROV-N documents.
+</p>
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+ <section id="introduction">
+ <h2>Introduction<br>
+</h2>
+
+<p> Provenance is a record that describes the people, institutions,
+ entities, and activities, involved in producing, influencing, or
+ delivering a piece of data or a thing. This document complements
+ the PROV-DM specification [[PROV-DM]] that defines a data model for
+ provenance on the Web. </p>
+
+
+
+ <section id="conventions">
+<h3>Conventions</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
+ NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
+ "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
+ [[!RFC2119]].</p>
+ </section>
+
+
+<section id="purpose">
+
+<h3>Purpose of this document</h3>
+
+<p> PROV-DM is a conceptual data model for provenance (realizable
+using different serializations such as PROV-N, PROV-O, or PROV-XML).
+However, nothing in the PROV-DM specification [[PROV-DM]] forces sets
+of PROV
+statements (or <a>instances</a>) to be meaningful, that is, to correspond to a consistent
+history of objects and interactions. Furthermore, nothing in the
+PROV-DM specification enables applications to perform inferences over
+PROV <a>instances</a>. </p>
+
+<p> This document specifies <em>inferences</em> over PROV instances that
+applications MAY employ, including definitions of some provenance
+statements in terms of others, and also defines a class of <em>valid</em>
+PROV instances by specifying <em>constraints</em> that valid PROV instances must
+satisfy. Applications SHOULD produce valid provenance and
+MAY reject provenance that is not valid in order to increase
+the usefulness of provenance and reliability of applications that
+process it. <a href="#compliance"
+class="sectionRef"></a>
+summarizes the requirements for compliance with this document, which
+are specified in detail in the rest of the document.
+</p>
+
+<p> This specification lists inferences and definitions together in one
+section (<a href="#inferences" class="sectionRef"></a>), defines the
+induced notion of <a>equivalence</a> (<a href="#equivalence"
+class="sectionRef"></a>), and then
+considers two kinds of validity constraints (<a href="#constraints"
+class="sectionRef"></a>): <em>structural constraints</em> that
+prescribe properties of PROV instances that can be checked directly
+by inspecting the syntax, and <em>event ordering</em> constraints that
+require that the records in a PROV <a>instance</a> are consistent with a
+sensible ordering of events relating the activities, entities and
+agents involved. In separate sections we consider additional
+constraints specific to collections and accounts (<a
+ href="#collection-constraints" class="sectionRef"></a> and <a
+ href="#account-constraints" class="sectionRef"></a>). </p>
+
+
+<p>
+Finally, the specification includes a section (<a
+ href="#rationale" class="sectionRef"></a>) describing the rationale
+for the inferences and constraints in greater detail, particularly
+background on events, attributes, the role of inference, and
+accounts. A formal mathematical model that further justifies the
+constraints and inferences is found in [[PROV-SEM]].
+</p>
+
+</section>
+<section id="audience">
+<h3> Audience </h3>
+
+<p> The audience for this document is the same as for [[PROV-DM]]: developers
+and users who wish to create, process, share or integrate provenance
+records on the (Semantic) Web. Not all PROV-compliant applications
+need to check validity when processing provenance, but many
+applications could benefit from the inference rules specified here.
+Conversely, applications that create or transform provenance should
+try to produce valid provenance, to make it more useful to other
+applications.
+</p>
+
+<p>This document assumes familiarity with [[PROV-DM]].
+</p>
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="compliance">
+<h2>Compliance with this document</h2>
+
+<div class="note">
+TODO: Add collection and account constraint sections to the compliance
+ list as appropriate.
+ </div>
+ For the purpose of compliance, the normative sections of this document
+ are <a href="#compliance"
+class="sectionRef"></a>, <a href="#inferences"
+class="sectionRef"></a>, <a href="#equivalence"
+class="sectionRef"></a>, and <a href="#constraints"
+class="sectionRef"></a>.
+ To be compliant:
+ <ol><li>When processing provenance, an
+ application MAY apply the inferences and definitions in <a
+ href="#inferences" class='sectionRef'></a>.</li>
+ <li>When determining whether two PROV instances are
+ <a>equivalent</a>, an application MUST determine whether their
+ normal forms are equal, as specified in <a href="#equivalence" class="sectionRef"></a>.
+ <li>When determining whether a PROV instance is <a>valid</a>, an
+ application MUST check that all of the
+ constraints of <a href="#constraints" class="sectionRef"></a> are
+ satisfied on the <a>normal form</a> of the instance.</li>
+ <li> When producing provenance meant for other applications to
+ use, the application SHOULD produce <a>valid</a> provenance. </li>
+ </ol>
+ <div class="note">
+ Should we specify a way for PROV instances to say whether they
+ are meant to be validated or not? Seems outside the scope of this
+ document, may require changes to PROV-N.
+ </div>
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="inferences">
+<h2>Inferences and Definitions</h2>
+
+<p>
+In this section, we describe <a title="inference">inferences</a> and <a title="definition">definitions</a> that MAY be used on
+ provenance data, and a notion of <a
+title="equivalence">equivalence</a> on PROV instances.
+An <dfn id="inference">inference</dfn> is a rule that can be applied
+ to PROV instances to add new PROV statements. A <dfn
+ id="definition">definition</dfn> is a rule that states that a
+ provenance expression is equivalent to some other expressions; thus,
+ defined provenance expressions can be replaced by their definitions,
+and vice versa.
+</p>
+
+<p> Inferences have the following general form:</p>
+<div class='inference' id='inference-example'>
+ <span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">hyp_1</span> and ... and
+<span class="name">hyp_k</span> <span class='conditional'>THEN</span>
+ there exists <span class="name">a_1</span> and ... and <span
+ class="name">a_m</span> such that <span
+ class="name">conclusion_1</span> and ... and <span class="name">conclusion_n</span>.
+ </div>
+
+<p>
+ This means that if all of the provenance expressions matching <span class="name">hyp_1</span>... <span class="name">hyp_k</span>
+ can be found in a PROV instance, we can add all of the expressions
+ <span class="name">concl_1</span> ... <span class="name">concl_n</span> to the instance, possibly after generating fresh
+ identifiers <span class="name">a_1</span>,...,<span class="name">a_m</span> for unknown objects. These fresh
+ identifiers might later be found to be equal to known identifiers;
+ these fresh identifiers play a similar role in PROV constraints to existential variables in logic.
+</p>
+<div class='note'>
+ TODO: Is this re-inventing blank nodes in PROV-DM, and do we want to
+ do this? A lot of the inferences have existentially quantified
+ conclusions (and there is some theory that supports this).
+
+ TODO: Make sure conjunctive reading of conclusion is clear.
+ </div>
+
+<p> Definitions have the following general form:</p>
+
+<div class='definition' id='definition-example'>
+ <span class="name">defined_exp</span> holds <span class='conditional'>IF AND ONLY IF </span>
+ there exists <span class="name">a_1</span>,..., <span
+ class="name">a_m</span> such that <span
+ class="name">defining_exp_1</span> and ... and <span class="name">defining_exp_n</span>.
+ </div>
+
+ <p>
+ This means that a provenance expression defined_exp is defined in
+ terms of other expressions. This can be viewed as a two-way
+ inference: If <span class="name">defined_exp</span>
+ can be found in a PROV instance, we can add all of the expressions
+<span class="name">defining_exp_1</span> ... <span class="name">defining_exp_n</span> to the instance, possibly after generating fresh
+ identifiers <span class="name">a_1</span>,...,<span class="name">a_m</span> for unknown objects. Conversely, if there
+ exist identifiers <span class="name">a_1</span>...<span class="name">a_m</span> such that <span class="name">defining_exp_1</span>
+ and ... and <span class="name">defining_exp_n</span> hold in the instance, we can add the defined
+ expression <span class="name">def_exp</span>. When an expression is defined in terms of
+ others, it is in a sense redundant; it is safe to replace it with
+ its definition.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<section>
+ <h3>Component 1: Entities and Activities</h3>
+
+
+<p>Communication between activities is <a title="definition">defined</a> in terms
+as the existence of an underlying entity generated by one activity and used by the
+other.</p>
+
+<div class='definition' id='wasInformedBy-definition'>Given two activities identified by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>,
+<span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span>
+holds <span class='conditional'>IF AND ONLY IF</span>
+ there is an entity with some identifier <span class="name">e</span> and some sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs1</span> and <span class="name">attrs2</span>,
+such that <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(-,e,a1,-,attrs1)</span> and <span class="name">used(-,a2,e,-,attrs2)</span> hold.
+</div>
+
+<p>The relationship <span class="name">wasInformedBy</span> is not
+transitive. Indeed, consider the following statements.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasInformedBy(a2,a1)
+wasInformedBy(a3,a2)
+</pre>
+<p> We cannot infer <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a3,a1)</span> from these expressions. Indeed,
+from
+<span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span>, we know that there exists <span class="name">e1</span> such that <span class="name">e1</span> was generated by <span class="name">a1</span>
+and used by <span class="name">a2</span>. Likewise, from <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a3,a2)</span>, we know that there exists <span class="name">e2</span> such that <span
+class="name">e2</span> was generated by <span class="name">a2</span> and used by <span class="name">a3</span>. The following illustration shows a case for which transitivity cannot hold. The
+horizontal axis represents the event line. We see that <span class="name">e1</span> was generated after <span class="name">e2</span> was used. Furthermore, the illustration also shows that
+<span class="name">a3</span> completes before <span class="name">a1</span>. So it is impossible for <span class="name">a3</span> to have used an entity generated by <span
+class="name">a1</span>.</p>
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<img src="images/informedByNonTransitive.png" alt="non transitivity of wasInformedBy" />
+<figcaption>Counter-example for transitivity of wasInformedBy</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Start of <span class="name">a2</span> by activity <span
+class="name">a1</span> is <a title="definition">defined</a> as follows.</p>
+
+<div class='definition' id='wasStartedByActivity-definition'>Given two activities with identifiers <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>,
+ <span class="name">wasStartedByActivity(a2,a1)</span>
+holds <span class='conditional'>IF AND ONLY IF</span>
+ there exists an entity <span class="name">e</span>
+such that
+ <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(-,e,a1,-,-)</span>
+ and <span class="name">wasStartedBy(-,a2,e,-,-)</span> hold.
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section >
+<h3>Component 2: Agents</h3>
+
+Attribution identifies an agent as responsible for an entity. An
+agent can only be responsible for an entity if it was associated with
+an activity that generated the entity. If the activity, generation
+and association events are not explicit in the instance, they can
+be inferred.
+<div class='inference' id='attribution-implication'>
+<span class='conditional'>IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e,ag)</span> holds for some identifiers
+<span class="name">e</span> and <span class="name">ag</span>,
+<span class='conditional'>THEN</span> there exists an activity with some identifier <span class="name">a</span> such that the following statements hold:
+<pre>
+activity(a, -, -,-)
+wasGeneratedBy(-,e, a, -,_)
+wasAssociatedWith(-,a, ag, -, -)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p> Responsibility relates agents where one agent acts on behalf of
+another, in the context of some activity. The supervising agent
+delegates some responsibility for part of the activity to the
+subordinate agent, while retaining some responsibility for the overall
+activity. </p>
+
+
+<div class="note">
+ @@TODO: Could this be an inference? Does it imply that
+ a1 is associated with all activities a2 is associated with?
+ </div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+ <section>
+<h3>Component 3: Derivations</h3>
+
+
+ <p>Derivations with an explicit activity and no usage admit the
+ following inference: </p>
+<div class='inference' id='derivation-use'>
+<p>Given an activity <span class="name">a</span>, entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>,
+<span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(-,e2,e1, a, -)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(-,e2,a,-,-)</span> hold, <span
+class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">used(-,a,e1,-,-)</span> also holds.
+</div>
+<p>This inference is justified by the fact that the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span> is generated by at most one activity in a given account
+(see <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a>). Hence, this activity is also the one referred to by the usage of <span class="name">e1</span>.
+</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+ There is some redundancy in the following discussion.
+ </div>
+
+<p>The converse inference does not hold.
+From <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> and <span class="name">used(a,e1,-)</span>, one cannot
+derive <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,-)</span> because identifier <span class="name">e1</span> may occur in usages performed by many activities, which may have not generated the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span>.</p>
+
+ <p>
+Note that derivation cannot in general be inferred from the existence
+of related usage and generation events. Indeed, when a generation <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(g, e2, a, -, attrs2)</span>
+<a>precedes</a> <span class="name">used(u, a, e1, -, attrs1)</span>, for
+some <span class="name">e1</span>, <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="name">attrs1</span>, <span class="name">attrs2</span>, and <span class="name">a</span>, one
+cannot infer derivation <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g, u)</span>
+or <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> since
+ <span class="name">e2</span> cannot possibly be derived from
+ <span class="name">e1</span>, given the creation of <span class="name">e2</span> <a>precedes</a> the use
+of <span class="name">e1</span>. That is, if <span class="name">e1</span> is generated
+by an activity before <span class="name">e2</span> is used, then
+obviously <span class="name">e2</span> cannot have been derived from
+<span class="name">e1</span>. However, even if <span
+class="name">e2</span> happens used before <span class="name">e1</span>
+is generated, it is not safe to assume that <span
+class="name">e2</span> was derived from <span class="name">e1</span>.
+</p>
+
+<p> Derivation is not defined to be transitive. Domain-specific specializations of derivation may be defined in such a way that the transitivity property
+holds.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<p>A revision admits the following inference, linking the two entities
+ by a derivation, and stating them to be alternates.</p>
+
+<div class='inference' id='wasRevision'>
+Given two identifiers <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span> identifying two entities, and an identifier <span class="name">ag</span> identifying an agent,
+<span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">wasRevisionOf(-,e2,e1,ag)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> the following
+hold:
+<pre>
+wasDerivedFrom(-,e2,e1,-)
+alternateOf(e1,e2)
+wasAttributedTo(e2,ag)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="note">
+ The following doesn't make sense because wasRevisionOf and
+ wasDerivedFrom have different types.
+ </div>
+<p><span class="name">wasRevisionOf</span> is a strict sub-relation
+ of <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom</span> since two entities <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span>
+ may satisfy <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> without being a variant of
+ each other.
+</p>
+
+
+ <div class="note">
+ Motivation for quotation inference
+ </div>
+<div class='inference' id='quotation-implication'>
+<span class='conditional'>IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasQuotedFrom(e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</span> holds for some identifiers
+<span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="name">e1</span>, <span class="name">ag2</span>, <span class="name">ag1</span>,
+<span class='conditional'>THEN</span> the following hold:
+<pre>
+wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)
+wasAttributedTo(e2,ag2)
+wasAttributedTo(e1,ag1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+
+
+
+<p>Traceability allows an entity to be transitively linked to another entity it is derived from, to an agent it is attributed to, or another agent having some responsibility, or a trigger of an activity that generated it.</p>
+
+<p>Traceability can be inferred from existing statements, or can be asserted stating that a dependency path exists without its individual steps being expressed. This is captured
+by the following inferences:
+
+<div class='inference' id='traceability-inference'>
+Given two identifiers <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span> for entities,
+the following statements hold:
+
+<ol>
+<li><span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1)</span> holds, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">g2</span>, <span
+class="name">u1</span>, <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds.</li>
+<li><span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also
+holds.</li>
+<li><span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span
+class="name">wasAttributedTo(e2,ag1,aAttr)</span> holds, <span
+class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span
+class="name">tracedTo(e2,ag1)</span> also holds.
+</li>
+<li>
+<span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e2,ag2,aAttr)</span>, <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(-,e2,a,-,gAttr)</span>, and <span
+class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(ag2,ag1,a,rAttr)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">ag2</span>, <span class="name">ag1</span>, <span class="name">aAttr</span>, <span class="name">gAttr</span>, and <span class="name">rAttr</span>, <span
+class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,ag1)</span> also holds.</li>
+
+<li><span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span
+class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr)</span> and <span
+class="name">wasStartedBy(a,e1,sAttr)</span> hold, for some <span
+class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">gAttr</span> , <span
+class="name">sAttr</span> then <span
+class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> holds.</li>
+<li><span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e)</span> and <span class="name">tracedTo(e,e1)</span> hold for some <span class="name">e</span>, <span
+class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds.</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+
+<p>We note that the inference rule <a
+href="#traceability-inference">traceability-inference</a> does not
+allow us to infer anything about the attributes of the related
+entities, agents or events.
+</p>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+ <section>
+<h3>Component 4: Alternate Entities</h3>
+<div class="note">TODO: There is currently no consensus what inferences on
+ alternate or specialization should be assumed. The following
+ section lists possible inferences that may or may not be adopted. Section is under review, pending ISSUE-29.
+</div>
+
+
+ <p>The relation <span class='name'>alternateOf</span> is an equivalence relation: <a>reflexive</a>,
+ <a>transitive</a> and <a>symmetric</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class='inference' id="alternate-reflexive">
+ For any entity <span class='name'>e</span>, we have <span class='name'>alternateOf(e,e)</span>.
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class='inference' id="alternate-transitive">
+ For any entities <span class='name'>e1</span>, <span
+ class='name'>e2</span>, <span class='name'>e3</span>, <span class="conditional">IF</span> <span class='name'>alternateOf(e1,e2)</span> and
+ <span class='name'>alternateOf(e2,e3)</span> <span class="conditional">THEN</span> <span class='name'>alternateOf(e1,e3)</span>.
+ </div>
+ <div class='inference' id="alternate-symmetric">
+ For any entity <span class='name'>e1</span>, <span class='name'>e2</span>, <span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class='name'>alternateOf(e1,e2)</span> <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class='name'>alternateOf(e2,e1)</span>.
+ </div>
+
+<p>Similarly, specialization is a strict partial order: it is <a>irreflexive</a>,
+ <a>anti-symmetric</a> and
+ <a>transitive</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class='inference' id="specialization-irreflexive">
+ For any entity <span class='name'>e</span>, it is not the case that
+ have <span class='name'>specializationOf(e,e)</span>.
+ </div>
+
+<div class='inference' id="specialization-antisymmetric">
+ For any
+ entities <span class='name'>e1</span>, <span
+ class='name'>e2</span>,
+it is not the case that
+ <span class='name'>specializationOf(e1,e2)</span>
+ and
+ <span class='name'>specializationOf(e2,e1)</span>.
+</div>
+ <div class='inference' id="specialization-transitive">
+ For any
+ entities <span class='name'>e1</span>, <span class='name'>e2</span>, <span class='name'>e3</span>, <span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class='name'>specializationOf(e1,e2)</span>
+ and
+ <span class='name'>specializationOf(e2,e3)</span> <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class='name'>specializationOf(e1,e3)</span>.
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <p>Finally, if one entity specializes another, then they are also
+ alternates:</p>
+
+ <div class='inference' id="specialization-alternate">
+ For any entities <span class='name'>e1</span>, <span class='name'>e2</span>, <span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class='name'>specializationOf(e1,e2)</span> <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class='name'>alternateOf(e1,e2)</span>.
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class="note">TODO: Possible inferences about attributes,
+ generation, invalidation?
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class="note">
+ The following sections are retained from an older version, and are
+ not consistent with the above constraints. This will be revised
+ once the consensus on ISSUE-29 is clearer.
+ </div>
+
+ <section id="term-Specialization">
+<h3>Specialization</h3>
+
+
+<p>Specialization is <em>neither symmetric nor anti-symmetric</em>.
+</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-not-symmetric">
+"Alice's toyota car on fifth Avenue" is a specialization of "Alice's toyota car", but the converse does not hold.
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-specialization-not-anti-symmetric">
+anti-symmetric counter-example???
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Specialization is <em>transitive</em>. Indeed if <span
+class="name">specializationOf(e1,e2)</span> holds, then there is some
+common thing, say <span class="name">T1-2</span> they both refer to,
+and <span class="name">e1</span> is a more specific aspect of this
+thing than <span class="name">e2</span>. Likewise, if <span
+class="name">specializationOf(e2,e3)</span> holds, then there is some
+common thing, say <span class="name">T2-3</span> they both refer to, and <span class="name">e2</span> is a more specific aspect of this
+thing than <span class="name">e3</span>. The things <span
+class="name">T1-2</span> and <span class="name">T2-3</span> are the
+same since <span class="name">e2</span> is an aspect of both of them,
+so <span
+class="name">specializationOf(e1,e3)</span> follows since <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e3</span>
+are aspects fo the same thing and <span class="name">e1</span> is more specific than <span class="name">e3</span>. </p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-specialization-is-transitive">
+A specialization of "this email message" would be, for example, the "printed version on my desk", which is a specialization of "my thoughts on this email thread". So, the "printed version on my desk" is also a specialization "my thoughts on this email thread".
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Alternate">
+<h3>Alternate</h3>
+</section>
+
+
+<p>Alternate not is <em>reflexive</em>. Indeed, <span class="name">alternate(e,e)</span> does not hold for any arbitrary entity <span class="name">e</span> since <span class="name">e</span> may not be a specialization of another entity.</p>
+
+
+<p>Alternate is <em>symmetric</em>. Indeed, if <span class="name">alternate(e1,e2)</span> holds,
+then there exists an unspecified entity <span class="name">e</span>, such that
+both <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span> are specialization of <span class="name">e</span>.
+Therefore, <span class="name">alternate(e2,e1)</span> also holds.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<p>Alternate is <em>not transitive</em>. Indeed, if <span class="name">alternate(e1,e2)</span> holds,
+then there exists an unspecified entity <span class="name">e1-2</span>, such that
+both <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span> are specialization of <span class="name">e1-2</span>.
+Likewise, if <span class="name">alternate(e2,e3)</span> holds,
+then there exists an unspecified entity <span class="name">e2-3</span>, such that
+both <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e3</span> are specialization of <span class="name">e2-3</span>.
+It does not imply that there is a common entity <span class="name">e1-3</span>
+that both <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e3</span> specialize.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-alternate-not-transitive1">
+<p>At 6pm, the customer in a chair is a woman in a red dress, who happens to be Alice. After she leaves, another customer arrives at 7pm, a man with glasses, who happens to be Bob. Transitivity does not hold since the <span class="name">womanInRedDress\</span> is not alternate of <span class="name">customerInChairAt7pm</span>.
+<pre>
+alternate(womanInRedDress,customerInChairAt6pm)
+specialization(customerInChairAt6pm,Alice)
+specialization(womanInRedDress,Alice)
+
+alternate(manWithGlasses,customerInChairAt7pm)
+specialization(customerInChairAt7pm,Bob)
+specialization(manWithGlasses,Bob)
+
+alternate(customerInChairAt6pm, customerInChairAt7pm)
+specialization(customerInChairAt6pm, customerInChair)
+specialization(customerInChairAt7pm, customerInChair)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>The above example shows that <span class="name">customerInChairAt6pm</span> and <span class="name">customerInChairAt7pm</span> are two alternate entities that have no overlap, while <span class="name">womanInRedDress</span> and <span class="name">customerInChairAt6pm</span> do overlap.
+The following example illustrates another case of non-overlapping alternate entities.
+</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">Two copies of the same book, where copy A was destroyed before copy B was made.</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+ <section id="equivalence">
+<h2>Equivalence</h2>
+
+
+ For the purpose of checking inferences and constraints, we define a
+notion of <a>equivalence</a> of PROV s. Equivalence has the following characteristics:
+
+
+<ul>
+ <li>Missing attributes that are interpreted as omitted values are
+ handled by generating a fresh
+ identifier for the omitted value.
+ </li>
+ <li> Redundant expressions are merged according to uniqueness
+ constraints. </li>
+ <li>
+ The order of provenance expressions is irrelevant to the meaning of
+ a PROV instance. That is, a
+ PROV instance is equivalent to any other instance obtained by
+ permuting its expressions.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ Inference rules and definitions preserve equivalence. That is, a <a>PROV
+ instance</a> is equivalent to the instance obtained by applying any
+ inference rule.
+ </li>
+ <li>Equivalence is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive.</li>
+</ul>
+
+ <section id="optional-attributes">
+ <h3>Optional Attributes</h3>
+
+<div class="note">
+ TODO: Clarify how optional attributes are handled; clarify merging. The following is
+ not very explicit about the difference between "not present" and
+ "omitted but inferred".
+ </div>
+<div id="optional-attributes1">PROV-DM allows for some attributes to
+ be optionally expressed. Unless otherwise specified, when an
+ optional attribute is not present in a statement, some value
+ SHOULD be assumed to exist for this attribute, though it is not
+ known which.
+
+ The only exceptions are:
+ <ul>
+ <li><span id="optional-attributes2">Activities also allow for an
+ optional start time attribute. If both are specified, they MUST be
+ the same, as expressed by the following constraint.</span></li>
+ <li><span id="optional-attributes3">Activities also allow for an optional end time attribute. If both are specified, they MUST be the same, as expressed by the following constraint.</span></li>
+ <li>
+ <div id="optional-attributes6">In a quotation of the form <span class="name">wasQuotedFrom(e2,e1,-,-,attrs)</span>, the absence of an agent means: either no agent exists, or an agent exists but it is not identified.</div>
+</li>
+<li><div id="optional-attributes4">In an association of the form
+ <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a, ag, -, attr)</span>, the
+ absence of a plan means: either no plan exists, or a plan exists but
+ it is not identified.</div></li>
+ <li><div id="optional-attributes5">
+In an association of the form <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a, -, pl, attr)</span>, an agent exists but it is not identified.</div>
+</li>
+<li><div id="optional-activity">
+In a a delegation of the form <span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(a,
+ ag2, ag1, -, attr)</span>, the absence of an activity means that
+ <span class="name">a2</span> acts on behalf of <span
+ class="name">a1</span> for all activities with which <span
+ class="name">a2</span> is
+ associated.
+</div></li>
+ </ul>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="normalization">
+<h3>Normalization</h3>
+
+
+<p>
+We define the <dfn>normal form</dfn> of a PROV instance as the set
+of provenance expressions resulting from merging all of the overlapping
+expressions in the instance and applying all possible inference rules
+to this set. Formally, we say that two PROV instances are
+<dfn>equivalent</dfn> if they have the same normal form (that is,
+after applying all possible inference rules, the two instances produce
+the same set of PROV-DM expressions.)
+</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+ We should check that normal forms exist, i.e. that applying rules
+ and definitions eventually terminates. More clarity is needed about
+ enforcing uniqueness via merging vs. constraint checking.
+ </div>
+
+<p> An application that processes PROV-DM data SHOULD handle
+equivalent instances in the same way. (Common exceptions to this rule
+include, for example, pretty printers that seek to preserve the
+original order of statements in a file and avoid expanding
+inferences.) </p>
+
+</section>
+
+</section> <!-- inferences -->
+
+<section id="constraints">
+<h2>Validity Constraints</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+This section defines a collection of constraints on PROV instances. A PROV instance is <dfn id="dfn-valid">valid</dfn>
+ if, after applying all possible inference and definition rules from
+ <a href="#inferences">Section 2</a>, the resulting instance
+ satisfies all of the constraints specified in this section.
+ </p>
+
+ <p> There are two kinds of constraints:
+ <ul><li><em>uniqueness constraints</em> that say that a <a>PROV
+ instance</a> can contain at most one expression or that multiple
+ expressions about the same objects need to have the same values (for
+ example, if we describe the same generation event twice, then the
+ two expressions should have the same times);
+ </li>
+ <li> and <em>event ordering constraints</em> that say that it
+ should be possible to arrange the
+ events (generation, usage, invalidation, start, end) described in a
+ PROV instance into a partial order that corresponds to a sensible
+ "history" (for example, an entity should not be generated after it
+ is used).
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+
+<p>The PROV data model is implicitly based on a notion of <dfn
+ id="dfn-event">instantaneous event</dfn>s (or just <a
+ title="instantaneous event">event</a>s), that mark
+transitions in the world. Events include generation, usage, or
+invalidation of entities, as well as starting or ending of activities. This
+notion of event is not first-class in the data model, but it is useful
+for explaining its other concepts and its semantics [[PROV-SEM]].
+Thus, events help justify <i>inferences</i> on provenance as well as
+<i>validity</i> constraints indicating when provenance is self-consistent. In <a href="#section-event-time" class="sectionRef"></a> we
+discuss the motivation for <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a>
+and their relationship to time in greater detail.</p>
+
+<p> PROV-DM
+identifies five kinds of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a>, namely <a>entity generation
+event</a>, <a>entity usage event</a>, <a>entity invalidation event</a>, <a>activity start event</a>
+and <a>activity end event</a>. PROV-DM adopts Lamport's clock
+assumptions [[CLOCK]] in the form of a reflexive, transitive partial order <a>follows</a>
+(and its inverse <a>precedes</a>) between <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a>. Furthermore,
+PROV-DM assumes the existence of a mapping from <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a> to time clocks,
+though the actual mapping is not in scope of this specification.</p>
+
+
+<div class="note">
+ TODO: More about what it means for constraints to be satisfied;
+ constraint template(s)
+ </div>
+
+ <section id="structural-constraints">
+<h3>Uniqueness Constraints</h3>
+
+<div class="note">
+Attribute uniqueness constraints?
+</div>
+
+ <p> We assume that the various identified objects of PROV-DM have
+ unique statements describing them within a PROV instance.
+ </p>
+ <div class='constraint' id='entity-unique'>
+<p>Given an entity identifier <span class="name">e</span>, there is at
+ most one expression
+<span class="name">entity(e,attrs)</span>, where <span
+ class="name">attrs</span> is some set of attribute-values.</p>
+ </div>
+ <div class='constraint' id='activity-unique'>
+<p>Given an activity identifier <span class="name">a</span>, there is
+ at most one expression
+<span class="name">activity(a,t1,t2,attrs)</span>, where <span
+ class="name">attrs</span> is some set of attribute-values.</p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="note">TODO: Same goes for all other objects:
+ agent, note, generation, usage, invalidation, start, end,
+ communication, start by, attribution, association, responsibility,
+ derivation, revision, quotation. We should find a
+ way of saying this once concisely.
+ </div>
+
+<p>We assume that an entity has exactly one generation and
+invalidation event (either or both may, however, be left implicit).
+So, PROV-DM allows for two distinct <a>generations</a> <span class="name">g1</span> and <span class="name">g2</span> referencing the same entity provided they occur
+<em>simultaneously</em>.
+This implies that the two generation events are actually the same and
+caused by the same <em>activity</em>, though provenance may contain
+several statements for the same world activity.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class='constraint' id='generation-uniqueness'>Given an entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span>, two activities denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span
+class="name">a2</span>, two time instants <span class="name">t1</span> and <span
+class="name">t2</span>, and two sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs1</span> and <span class="name">attrs2</span>,
+<span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id1, e, a1, t1, attrs1)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id2, e, a2, t2, attrs2)</span> exist,
+<span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">id1</span>=<span class="name">id2</span>, <span class="name">a1</span>=<span class="name">a2</span>, <span class="name">t1</span>=<span class="name">t2</span> and <span class="name">attrs1</span>=<span class="name">attrs2</span>.
+</div>
+
+<div class="note">
+Wouldn't the above constraint violate uniqueness?
+</div>
+
+<div class="note">
+Invalidation uniqueness?
+</div>
+
+<p>A generation can be used to indicate a generation time without having to specify the involved activity. A generation time is unique, as specified by the following constraint.<p>
+<div class="note">
+Seems redundant given generation-uniqueness
+</div>
+<div class='constraint' id='unique-generation-time'>
+Given an entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span> and
+two time instants <span class="name">t1</span> and <span
+class="name">t2</span>,
+<span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e, -, t1)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e, -, t2)</span> hold, <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">t1</span>=<span class="name">t2</span>.
+</div>
+
+<p>An <a>activity start event</a> is the <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the instant an activity starts. It allows for an optional time attribute. <span id="optional-start-time">Activities also allow for an optional start time attribute. If both are specified, they MUST be the same, as expressed by the following constraint.</span>
+</p>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='unique-startTime'>
+<span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">activity(a,t1,t2,-)</span> and <span class="name">wasStartedBy(id,a,e,t,-)</span>, <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">t</span>=<span class="name">t1</span>.
+</div>
+
+<p>An <a>activity end event</a> is the <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the instant an activity ends. It allows for an optional time attribute. <span id="optional-end-time">Activities also allow for an optional end time attribute. If both are specified, they MUST be the same, as expressed by the following constraint.</span>
+</p>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='unique-endTime'>
+<span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span
+ class="name">activity(a,t1,t2,-)</span> and <span
+ class="name">wasEndedBy(id,a,e,t,-)</span>, <span
+ class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">t</span> = <span class="name">t2</span>.
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section> <!-- uniqueness-constraints-->
+
+<section id="event-ordering-constraints">
+<h3>Event Ordering Constraints</h3>
+
+
+<p>Given that provenance consists of a description of past entities
+and activities, <a>valid</a> provenance instances MUST
+satisfy <em>ordering constraints</em> between instantaneous events, which we introduce in
+this section. For instance, an entity can only be used after it was
+generated; hence, we say that an entity's <a title="entity generation
+event">generation event</a> precedes any of this
+entity's <a title="entity usage event">usage events</a>. Should this
+ordering constraint be violated, the associated generation and
+usage could not be credible. The rest of this section defines
+the <dfn>temporal interpretation</dfn> of provenance instances as a
+set of instantaneous event ordering constraints. </p>
+
+
+<p>To allow for minimalistic clock assumptions, like Lamport
+[[CLOCK]], PROV-DM relies on a notion of relative ordering of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a>,
+without using physical clocks. This specification assumes that a partial order exists between <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a>.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>Specifically, <dfn id="dfn-precedes">precedes</dfn> is a partial
+order between <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a>. When we say
+<span class="name">e1</span> precedes <span class="name">e2</span>,
+this means that either the two events are equal or <span
+class="name">e1</span> happened before <span class="name">e2</span>.
+For symmetry, <dfn id="dfn-follows">follows</dfn> is defined as the
+inverse of <a title="precedes">precedes</a>; that is, when we say
+<span class="name">e1</span> follows <span class="name">e2</span>,
+this means that either the two events are equal or <span
+class="name">e1</span> happened after <span
+class="name">e2</span>. Both relations are partial orders, meaning
+that they are reflexive, transitive, and antisymmetric.</p>
+
+<div class="note"> Do we want to allow an event to
+ "precede" itself? Perhaps precedes should be strict.
+</div>
+
+<div class="note">
+ The following discussion is unclear: what is being said here, and why?
+ </div>
+
+<p>PROV-DM also allows for time observations to be inserted in
+specific provenance statements, for each of the five kinds
+of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a> introduced in this specification. The
+presence of a time observation for a given <a>instantaneous event</a> fixes the
+mapping of this <a>instantaneous event</a> to the timeline. The presence of time
+information in a provenance statement instantiates the ordering constraint with
+that time information. It is expected that such instantiated
+constraints can help corroborate provenance information. We anticipate
+that verification algorithms could be developed, though this
+verification is outside the scope of this specification.
+</p>
+
+<p>The following figure summarizes the ordering constraints in a
+graphical manner. For each subfigure, an event time line points to the
+right. Activities are represented by rectangles, whereas entities are
+represented by circles. Usage, generation and derivation are
+represented by the corresponding edges between entities and
+activities. The five kinds of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a> are represented by vertical
+dotted lines (adjacent to the vertical sides of an activity's
+rectangle, or intersecting usage and generation edges). The ordering
+constraints are represented by triangles: an occurrence of a triangle between two <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> vertical dotted lines represents that the event denoted by the left
+line precedes the event denoted by the right line.</p>
+
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<figcaption id="ordering-activity-fig">Summary of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints for activities</figcaption>
+<img src="images/ordering-activity.png" alt="constraints between events" />
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Constraint template:
+<span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">blah</span>
+and
+<span class="name">blah</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">XX</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">YY</span>.
+-->
+
+<section>
+<h3>Activity constraints</h3>
+
+<p>
+In this section we discuss constraints from the perspective of
+the <a>lifetime</a> of an activity. An activity starts, then during
+its lifetime uses, generates entities and communicates with or starts
+other
+activities, and finally ends. The following constraints amount to
+checking that all of the events associated with an activity take place
+within the activity's lifetime, and the start and end events mark the
+start and endpoints of its lifetime.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The existence of an activity implies that the <a>activity start event</a> always <a>precedes</a> the corresponding <a>activity end
+event</a>. This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-activity-fig">ordering-activity-fig</a> (a) and expressed by constraint <a href="#start-precedes-end">start-precedes-end</a>.</p>
+<div class='constraint' id='start-precedes-end'>
+<span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start,a,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasEndedBy(end,a,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">start</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">end</span>.
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>A usage implies ordering of <a title="instantaneous event">events</a>, since the <a title="entity usage event">usage event</a> had to occur during the associated activity. This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-activity-fig">ordering-activity-fig</a> (b) and expressed by constraint <a href="#usage-within-activity">usage-within-activity</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='usage-within-activity'>
+<ol>
+ <li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">used(use,a,e,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start,a,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">start</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">use</span>.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">used(use,a,e,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasEndedBy(end,a,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">use</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">end</span>.
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<p>A generation implies ordering of <a title="instantaneous event">events</a>, since the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> had to occur during the associated activity. This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-activity-fig">ordering-activity-fig</a> (c) and expressed by constraint <a href="#generation-within-activity">generation-within-activity</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='generation-within-activity'>
+ <ol>
+ <li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,a,e,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start,a,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">start</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">gen</span>.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,a,e,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasEndedBy(end,a,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">end</span>.
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>Communication between two activities <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> also implies ordering of <a
+title="instantaneous event">events</a>, since some entity must have been generated by the former and used by the latter, which implies that the start event of <span class="name">a1</span>
+cannot follow the end event of <span class="name">a2</span>. This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-activity-fig">ordering-activity-fig</a> (d) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasInformedBy-ordering">wasInformedBy-ordering</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='wasInformedBy-ordering'>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start,a1,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasEndedBy(end,a2,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">start</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">end</span>.
+
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>Start of <span class="name">a2</span> by activity <span class="name">a1</span> also implies ordering of <a
+title="instantaneous event">events</a>, since <span class="name">a1</span> must have been active before <span class="name">a2</span> started. This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-activity-fig">ordering-activity-fig</a> (e) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasStartedByActivity-ordering">wasStartedByActivity-ordering</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div class='constraint' id='wasStartedByActivity-ordering'>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasStartedByActivity(a2,a1)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start1,a1,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start2,a2,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">start1</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">start2</span>.
+
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+<section>
+<h3> Entity constraints</h3>
+
+<p>
+As with activities, entities have lifetimes: they are generated, then
+can be used, revised, or other entities can be derived from them, and
+finally are invalidated.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<figcaption id="ordering-entity-fig">Summary of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints for entities</figcaption>
+<img src="images/ordering-entity.png" alt="ordering constraints for entities" />
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>Generation of an entity precedes its invalidation. (This
+follows from other constraints if the entity is used, but we state it
+explicitly to cover the case of an entity that is generated and
+invalidated without being used.)</p>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='generation-precedes-invalidation'>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,e,_,_)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,e,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">inv</span>.
+</div>
+<hr />
+
+<p> A usage and a generation for a given entity implies ordering of <a title="instantaneous event">events</a>, since the <a title="entity generation
+event">generation event</a> had to precede the <a title="entity usage event">usage event</a>. This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-entity-fig">ordering-entity-fig</a> (a) and expressed by constraint <a href="#generation-precedes-usage">generation-precedes-usage</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='generation-precedes-usage'>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,e,_,_)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">used(use,_,e,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">use</span>.
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>All usages of an entity precede its invalidation, which is captured by constraint <a href="#usage-precedes-invalidation">usage-precedes-invalidation</a> (without any explicit graphical representation).</p>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='usage-precedes-invalidation'>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">used(use,_,e,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,e,_,_)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">use</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">inv</span>.
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<p>If there is a derivation between <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span>, then
+this means that the entity <span class="name">e1</span> had some form of influence on the entity <span class="name">e2</span>; for this to be possible, some event ordering must be satisfied.
+First, we consider derivations, where the activity and usage are known. In that case, the <a title="entity usage event">usage</a> of <span class="name">e1</span> has to precede the <a title="entity generation
+event">generation</a> of <span class="name">e2</span>.
+This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-entity-fig">ordering-entity-fig</a> (b) and expressed by constraint <a
+href="#derivation-usage-generation-ordering">derivation-usage-generation-ordering</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div class='constraint' id='derivation-usage-generation-ordering'>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(d,e2,e1,a,g2,u1,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">u1</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">g2</span>.
+
+</div>
+<hr />
+
+<p>When the usage is unknown, a similar constraint exists, except that the constraint refers to its
+generation event, as
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-entity-fig">ordering-entity-fig</a> (c) and expressed by constraint <a
+href="#derivation-generation-generation-ordering">derivation-generation-generation-ordering</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='constraint'
+ id='derivation-generation-generation-ordering'>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,attrs)</span>
+ and
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen1,e1,_,_)</span>
+ and
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen2,e2,_,_)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen1</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">gen2</span>.
+ </div>
+
+<p>Note that event ordering is between generations of <span class="name">e1</span>
+and <span class="name">e2</span>, as opposed to derivation where usage is known,
+which implies ordering ordering between the usage of <span class="name">e1</span> and
+generation of <span class="name">e2</span>. </p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The entity that triggered the start of an activity must exist before the activity starts.
+This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-entity-trigger-fig">ordering-entity-trigger-fig</a> (a) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasStartedBy-ordering">wasStartedBy-ordering</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div class='constraint' id='wasStartedBy-ordering'>
+ <ol>
+ <li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start,a,e,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,e,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">start</span>.
+ </li><li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start,a,e,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,e,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">start</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">inv</span>.
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+</div>
+<hr />
+
+<p> Similarly, the entity that triggered the end of an activity must exist before the activity ends, as illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-entity-trigger-fig">ordering-entity-trigger-fig</a> (b).</p>
+
+
+<div class='constraint' id='wasEndedBy-ordering'>
+ <ol>
+ <li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasEndedBy(end,a,e,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,e,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">end</span>.
+ </li><li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasEndedBy(end,a,e,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,e,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">end</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">inv</span>.
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+</div>
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<figcaption id="ordering-entity-trigger-fig">Summary of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints for trigger entities</figcaption>
+<img src="images/ordering-entity-trigger.png" alt="ordering constraints for trigger entities" />
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section>
+<h3> Agent constraints</h3>
+
+<p>
+Like entities and activities, agents have lifetimes that follow a
+familiar pattern: an agent is generated, can participate in
+interactions such as starting, ending or association with an
+activity, attribution, or delegation, and finally the agent is invalidated.
+</p>
+<p>Further constraints associated with agents appear in Figure <a href="#ordering-agents">ordering-agents</a> and are discussed below.</p>
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<figcaption id="ordering-agents">Summary of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints (continued)</figcaption>
+<img src="images/ordering-agents.png" alt="ordering constraints for agents" />
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<p>An activity that was associated with an agent must have some overlap with the agent. The agent may be generated, or may only become associated with the activity, after the activity start: so, the agent is required to exist before the activity end. Likewise, the agent may be destructed, or may terminate its association with the activity, before the activity end: hence, the agent invalidation is required to happen after the activity start.
+This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-agents">ordering-agents</a> (a) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasAssociatedWith-ordering">wasAssociatedWith-ordering</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div class='constraint' id='wasAssociatedWith-ordering'>
+ <ol> <li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,ag)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start,a,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,ag,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">start</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">inv</span>.
+ </li><li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,ag)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,ag,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasEndedBy(end,a,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">end</span>.
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>An entity that was attributed to an agent must have some overlap
+with the agent. The agent is required to exist before the entity
+invalidation. Likewise, the entity generation must precede the agent destruction.
+This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-agents">ordering-agents</a> (b) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasAttributedTo-ordering">wasAttributedTo-ordering</a>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='constraint' id='wasAttributedTo-ordering'>
+ <ol> <li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e,ag)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,e,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,ag,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">inv</span>.
+ </li><li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e,ag)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,ag,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,e,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">inv</span>.
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>For responsibility, two agents need to have some overlap in their lifetime.</p>
+
+
+<div class='constraint' id='actedOnBehalfOf-ordering'>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(ag2,ag1)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,ag1,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,ag2,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">inv</span>.
+
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+</section> <!--event-ordering-constraints-->
+
+</section> <!-- constraints -->
+
+<section id="collection-constraints">
+<h2>Collection Constraints</h2>
+<div class="note">
+ Work on collections and on these constraints is deferred until after
+ the next working draft, so this section may not be stable.
+ </div>
+
+<p>Membership is a convenience notation, since it can be expressed in terms of an insertion into some collection. The membership definition is formalized by constraint <a href="#membership-as-insertion">membership-as-insertion</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='definition' id='membership-as-insertion'>
+ <span class="name">memberOf(c, {(k1, v1), ...})</span> holds
+<span class='conditional'>IF AND ONLY IF</span> there exists a collection <span class="name">c0</span>, such that
+<span class="name">derivedByInsertionFrom(c, c0, {(k1, v1), ...})</span>.
+</div>
+
+<p>A collection may be obtained by insertion or removal, or said to satisfy the membership relation.
+To provide an interpretation of collections, PROV-DM
+ restricts one collection to be involved in a single derivation by insertion or removal, or to one membership relation.
+PROV-DM does not provide an interpretation for statements that consist of two (or more) insertion, removal, membership relations that result in the same collection.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>The following constraint ensures unique derivation.</p>
+
+
+<div class='note'> The following constraint is unclear.</div>
+<div class='constraint' id='collection-unique-derivation'>
+A collection MUST NOT be derived through multiple insertions, removal,
+ or membership relations.
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+Consider the following statements about three collections.
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+entity(c1, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
+entity(c2, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
+entity(c3, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
+
+
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c3, c1, {("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)})
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c3, c2, {("k3", e3)})
+</pre>
+<p>There is no interpretation for such statements since <span class="name">c3</span> is derived multiple times by insertion.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>As a particular case, collection <span class="name">c</span> is derived multiple times from the same <span class="name">c1</span>. </p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+derivedByInsertionFrom(id1, c, c1, {("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)})
+derivedByInsertionFrom(id2, c, c1, {("k3", e3), ("k4", e4)})
+</pre>
+<p>The interpretation of such statements is also unspecified. </p>
+<p>To describe the insertion of the 4 key-entity pairs, one would instead write:</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+derivedByInsertionFrom(id1, c, c1, {("k1", e1), ("k2", e2), ("k3", e3), ("k4", e4)})
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+The same is true for any combination of insertions, removals, and membership relations:
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following statements</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c, c1, {("k1", e1)})
+derivedByRemovalFrom(c, c2, {"k2"})
+</pre>
+have no interpretation.
+Nor have the following:
+<pre class="codeexample">
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c, c1, {("k1", e1)})
+memberOf(c, {"k2"}).
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<section id="collection-branching">
+<h4>Collection branching</h4>
+
+It is allowed to have multiple derivations from a single root collection, as long as the resulting entities are distinct, as shown in the following example.
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(c0, [prov:type="prov:EmptyCollection" %% xsd:QName]) // c0 is an empty collection
+entity(c1, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
+entity(c2, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
+entity(c3, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
+entity(e1)
+entity(e2)
+entity(e3)
+
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c0, {("k1", e1)})
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c2, c0, {("k2", e2)})
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c3, c1, {("k3", e3)})
+</pre>
+From this set of statements, we conclude:
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ c1 = { ("k1", e1) }
+ c2 = { ("k2", e2) }
+ c3 = { ("k1", e1), ("k3", e3)}
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="collections-and-derivation">
+
+
+<h4>Collections and Weaker Derivation Relation</h4>
+
+<p>The state of a collection is only known to the extent that a chain
+of derivations starting from an empty collection can be found. Since a
+set of statements regarding a collection's evolution may be
+incomplete, so is the reconstructed state obtained by querying those
+statements. In general, all statements reflect partial knowledge regarding a sequence of data transformation events. In the particular case of collection evolution, in which some of the state changes may have been missed, the more generic derivation relation should be used to signal that some updates may have occurred, which cannot be expressed as insertions or removals. The following example illustrates this.</p>
+
+
+
+ <div class="anexample">
+In the example, the state of <span class="name">c2</span> is only partially known because the collection is constructed from partially known other collections.
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+entity(c0, [prov:type="prov:EmptyCollection" %% xsd:QName]) // c0 is an empty collection
+entity(c1, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
+entity(c2, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
+entity(c3, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
+entity(e1)
+entity(e2)
+
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c0, {("k1", e1)})
+wasDerivedFrom(c2, c1)
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c3, c2, {("k2", e2)})
+ </pre>
+From this set of statements, we conclude:
+<ul>
+<li> <span class="name">c1 = { ("k1", e1) }</span>
+<li> <span class="name">c2</span> is somehow derived from <span class="name">c1</span>, but the precise sequence of updates is unknown
+<li> <span class="name">c3</span> includes <span class="name">("k2", e2)</span> but the earlier "gap" leaves uncertainty regarding <span class="name">("k1", e1)</span> (it may have been removed) or any other pair that may have been added as part of the derivation activities.
+</ul>
+ </div>
+
+</section>
+
+
+<div class='note'>
+ Do the insertion/removal derivation steps imply wasDerivedFrom,
+ wasVersionOf, alternateOf?
+ </div>
+
+</section> <!-- collection-constraints -->
+
+<section id="account-constraints">
+<h2>Account Constraints</h2>
+
+<div class="note">
+Work on accounts has been deferred until after the next working draft,
+so this section is very unstable
+</div>
+
+<p>PROV-DM allows for multiple descriptions of entities (and in general any identifiable object) to be expressed. </p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example-two-entities-one-id">
+<p>Let us consider two statements about the same entity, which we have taken from two different contexts. A working draft published by the <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>:</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+</pre>
+The second version of a document edited by some authors:
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
+</pre>
+<p>Both statements are about the same entity identified by
+<span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>, but they contain different attributes, describing the situation or partial state of the these entities according to the context in which they occur.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>Two different statements about the same entity cannot co-exist in a PROV instance
+ as formalized in <a href="#entity-unique">entity-unique</a>.</p>
+
+<!-- Moved to uniqueness constraints section
+<div class='constraint' id='entity-unique'>
+<p>Given an entity identifier <span class="name">e</span>, there is at most one statement
+<span class="name">entity(e,attrs)</span> occurring in a given
+ account, where <span class="name">attrs</span> is some set of
+ attribute-values. Other statements concerning the same entity can exist in different accounts.</p>
+
+<p>This constraint similarly applies to all other types and relations,
+ with explicit identity.</p>
+</div>
+-->
+
+
+
+<p>In some cases, there may be a requirement for two different
+ statements concerning the same entity to be included in the same account. To satisfy the constraint <a href="#entity-unique">entity-unique</a>, we can adopt a different identifier for one of them, and relate the two statements with the <span class="name">alternateOf</span> relation. </p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="merge-with-rename">
+<p>We now reconsider the same two statements of a same entity, but we change the identifier for one of them:</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+entity(ex:alternate-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
+alternateOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex:alternate-20111215)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class='note'>
+ Since we are not specifying ways to take the union of two accounts,
+ we may drop this discussion
+ </div>
+<p> Taking the union of two accounts is another account,
+formed by the union of the statements they respectively contain. We note that the resulting union may or may not invalidate some constraints:
+<ul>
+<li> Two entity statements with the same identifier but different sets of attributes exist in each original PROV instance may invalidate <a href="#entity-unique">entity-unique</a> in the union, unless some form of statement merging or renaming (as per <a href="#merge-with-rename">Example</a>) occurs.
+<li> Structurally well-formed
+accounts are not
+closed under union because the
+constraint <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a> may no
+longer be satisfied in the resulting union. </li>
+</ul>
+<p>How to reconcile such accounts is beyond the scope of this specification.</p>
+
+
+<div class="note">
+ Material transplanted from old structural well-formedness constraints section.
+
+ This example isn't very clear, since the sub-workflow-ness isn't
+ represented in the data. According to what was written above, we
+ should conclude that a0 and a2 are equal!
+ </div>
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+In the following statements, a workflow execution <span class="name">a0</span> consists of two sub-workflow executions <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>.
+Sub-workflow execution <span class="name">a2</span> generates entity <span class="name">e</span>, so does <span class="name">a0</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(a0, [prov:type="workflow execution"])
+activity(a1, [prov:type="workflow execution"])
+activity(a2, [prov:type="workflow execution"])
+wasInformedBy(a2,a1)
+
+wasGeneratedBy(e,a0)
+wasGeneratedBy(e,a2)
+</pre>
+<p>So, we have two different <a title="generation">generations</a> for entity <span class="name">e</span>. Such an example is permitted in PROV-DM if the two activities denoted by <span class="name">a0</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> are a single thing happening in the world
+but described from different perspectives.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>While this example is permitted in PROV-DM, it does not make the inter-relation between activities explicit, and it mixes statements expressed from different perspectives together.
+While this may acceptable in some specific applications, it becomes challenging for inter-operability. Indeed, PROV-DM does not offer any relation describing the structure of activities.
+ Such instances are said not to be structurally well-formed.</p>
+
+<p>Structurally well-formed provenance can be obtained by partitioning the generations into different accounts. This makes it clear that these generations provide alternative
+descriptions of the same real-world generation event, rather than describing two distinct generation events for the same entity. When accounts are used, the example can be encoded as follows.</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The same example is now revisited, with the following statements that are structurally well-formed. Two accounts are introduced, and there is a single generation for entity <span
+class="name">e</span> per account.</p>
+
+<p>In a first account, entitled "summary", we find:</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(a0,t1,t2,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
+wasGeneratedBy(e,a0,-)
+</pre>
+<p>In a second account, entitled "detail", we find:</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(a1,t1,t3,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
+activity(a2,t3,t2,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
+wasInformedBy(a2,a1)
+wasGeneratedBy(e,a2,-)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>Structurally well-formed provenance satisfies some constraints, which force the structure of statements to be exposed by means of accounts. With these constraints satisfied, further
+inferences can be made about structurally well-formed statements.
+The uniqueness of generations in accounts is formulated as follows.
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+</section> <!-- account-constraints-->
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ <section id='rationale' class="informative">
+<h2>Rationale for inferences and constraints</h2>
+
+<div class="note"> This section collects all of the explanatory
+ material that I was not certain how to interpret as an unambiguous
+ inference or constraint. Some of these observations may need to be folded
+ into the explanatory text in respective sections (for example for
+ events,
+ accounts or collections).
+
+ Editing is also needed to decrease redundancy.
+ </div>
+
+ <section id='section-attributes'>
+<h4>Entities and Attributes</h4>
+
+<p>When we talk about things in the world in natural language and even when we assign identifiers, we are often imprecise in ways that make it difficult to clearly and unambiguously report
+provenance: a resource with a URL may be understood as referring to a report available at that URL, the version of the report available there today, the report independent of where it is
+hosted over time, etc.
+However, to write precise descriptions of the provenance of things
+that change over time, we need ways of disambiguating which versions
+of things we are talking about.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+To describe the provenance of things that can change over
+time, PROV-DM uses the concept of <i>entities</i> with fixed
+attributes. From a provenance viewpoint, it is important to identify
+a partial state of something, i.e. something with some aspects that
+have been fixed, so that it becomes possible to express its provenance
+(i.e. what caused the thing with these specific aspects). An entity
+encompasses a part of a thing's history during which some of the
+attributes are fixed. An entity can thus be thought of as a part of a
+thing with some associated partial state.
+Attributes in PROV-DM are used to fix certain aspects of entities.</p>
+
+
+<p>
+An <dfn>entity</dfn> is a thing one wants to provide provenance for
+and whose situation in the world is described by some fixed
+attributes. An entity has a <dfn
+id="dfn-characterization-interval">characterization interval</dfn>,
+or <dfn id="lifetime">lifetime</dfn>,
+defined as the period
+between its <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a>
+and its <a title="entity invalidation event">invalidation event</a>.
+An entity's attributes are established when the entity is
+created and describe the entity's situation and (partial) state
+during an entity's lifetime.</p>
+
+<p>
+A different entity (perhaps representing a different user or
+system perspective) may fix other aspects of the same thing, and its provenance
+may be different. Different entities that are aspects of the same
+thing are called <em>alternate</em>, and the PROV-DM relations of
+specialization and alternate can be used to link such entities.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="a-report-example">
+Different users may take different perspectives on a resource with
+a URL. A provenance record might use one (or more) different
+ entities to talk about different perspectives, such as:
+<ul>
+<li>a report available at a URL: fixes the nature of the thing, i.e. a document, and its location; </li>
+<li>the version of the report available there today: fixes its version number, contents, and its date;</li>
+<li>the report independent of where it is hosted and of its content over time: fixes the nature of the thing as a conceptual artifact.</li></ul>
+The provenance of these three entities may differ, and may be along the following lines:
+<ul>
+<li>the provenance of a report available at a URL may include: the act of publishing it and making it available at a given location, possibly under some license and access control;</li>
+<li>the provenance of the version of the report available there today may include: the authorship of the specific content, and reference to imported content;</li>
+<li>the provenance of the report independent of where it is hosted over time may include: the motivation for writing the report, the overall methodology for producing it, and the broad team
+involved in it.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>We do not assume that any entity is a better or worse description of
+reality than any other. That is, we do not assume an absolute ground truth with
+respect to which we can judge correctness or completeness of
+descriptions. In fact, it is possible to describe the processing that occurred for the report to be commissioned, for
+individual versions to be created, for those versions to be published at the given URL, etc., each via a different entity with attribute-value pairs that fix some aspects of the report appropriately.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Besides entities, a variety of other PROV-DM objects have
+attributes, including activity, generation, usage, start, end,
+communication, attribution, association, responsibility, and
+derivation. Each object has an associated duration interval (which may
+be a single time point), and attribute-value pairs for a given object
+are expected to be descriptions that hold for the object's duration.
+</p>
+<p>
+However, the attributes of entities have special meaning because they
+are considered to be fixed aspects
+of underlying, changing things. This motivates constraints on
+<span class="name">alternateOf</span> and <span class="name">specializationOf</span> relating the attribute values of
+different entities.
+</p>
+<div class="note">
+ TODO:
+Constraints on alternateOf/specializationOf for this?
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="note">
+TODO: Further discussion of entities moved from the old "Definitional
+ constraints" section. Should merge with the surrounding
+ discussion to avoid repetition.
+ </div>
+<p>
+An <dfn>entity</dfn> is a thing one wants to provide provenance for
+and whose situation in the world is described by some attribute-value
+pairs. An entity's attribute-value pairs are established as part of
+the entity statement and their values remain unchanged for the
+lifetime of the entity. An entity's attribute-value pairs are expected
+to describe the entity's situation and (partial) state during an
+entity's <a title="characterization interval">characterization interval</a>.</p>
+
+<p>If an entity's situation or state changes, this may result in its statement being invalid, because one or more attribute-value pairs no longer hold. In that case, from the PROV viewpoint, there exists a new entity, which needs to be given a distinct identifier, and associated with the attribute-value pairs that reflect its new situation or state.</p>
+
+
+
+Further considerations:
+<ul>
+<li>In order to describe the provenance of something during an interval over which
+ relevant attributes of the thing are not fixed, it is required to
+ create multiple entities, each with its own identifier, <a
+ title="characterization interval">characterization interval</a>, and
+ fixed attributes, and express
+ dependencies between the various entities using events.
+ For example, if we want to describe the provenance of several
+ versions of a document, involving attributes such as authorship that
+ change over time, we need different entities for the versions linked
+ by appropriate generation, usage, revision, and invalidation events.
+</li>
+
+<li>There is no assumption that the set of attributes is complete, nor
+that the attributes are independent or orthogonal of each other.</li>
+<li>There is no assumption that the attributes of an entity uniquely
+identify it. Two different entities that are aspects of different
+things can have the same attributes.</li>
+<li>A <a title="characterization interval">characterization interval</a> may collapse into a single instant.</li>
+</ul>
+
+</section>
+
+<section>
+<h3>Activities</h3>
+
+<div class="note">
+ TODO: Further discussion of activities moved from old "Definitional
+ constraints and inferences" section. Edit to avoid repeating information.
+</div>
+
+
+<p>An activity is delimited by its <a title="activity start event">start</a> and its <a title="activity end event">end</a> events; hence, it occurs over
+an interval delimited by two <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous
+events</a>. However, an activity record need not mention start or end time information, because they may not be known.
+An activity's attribute-value pairs are expected to describe the activity's situation during its interval, i.e. an interval between two instantaneous events, namely its <a title="activity start event">start</a> event and its <a title="activity end event">end</a> event.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>Further considerations:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>An activity is not an entity.
+Indeed, an entity exists in full at
+any point in its lifetime, persists during this
+interval, and preserves the characteristics that makes it
+identifiable. In contrast, an activity is something that occurs, happens,
+unfolds, or develops through time, but is typically not identifiable by
+the characteristics it exhibits at any point during its duration.
+This distinction is similar to the distinction between
+'continuant' and 'occurrent' in logic [[Logic]].</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+ <section id="representation-term-assertion-inference">
+<h3>Description, Assertion, and Inference</h3>
+
+<p>
+PROV-DM is a provenance data model designed to express <em>descriptions</em> of the world.
+</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+A file at some point during its lifecycle, which includes multiple edits by multiple people, can be described by its type, its location in the file system, a creator, and content.
+</div>
+
+
+<p>The data model is designed to capture activities that happened in the past, as opposed to activities
+that may or will happen.
+However, this distinction is not formally enforced.
+Therefore, PROV-DM descriptions are intended to be interpreted as what
+has happened, as opposed to what may or will happen.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>
+This specification does not prescribe the means by which descriptions can be arrived at; for example, descriptions can be composed on the basis of observations, reasoning, or any other means.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+Sometimes, inferences about the world can be made from descriptions
+conformant to the PROV-DM data model. This
+specification defines some such inferences, allowing new descriptions
+to be inferred from existing ones. Hence, descriptions of the world
+can result either from direct assertion or from inference
+by application of inference rules defined by this specification.
+</p>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <section id='section-event-time'>
+<h4>Events and Time</h4>
+
+
+
+
+<p>Time is critical in the context of provenance, since it can help corroborate provenance claims. For instance, if an entity is claimed to be obtained by transforming another, then the
+latter must have existed before the former. If it is not the case, then there is something wrong with such a provenance claim. </p>
+
+<p> Although time is critical, we should also recognize that
+provenance can be used in many different contexts within individual
+systems and across the Web. Different systems may use different clocks
+which may not be precisely synchronized, so when provenance records
+are combined by different systems, we may not be able to align the
+times involved to a single global timeline. Hence, PROV-DM is
+designed to minimize assumptions about time. </p>
+
+
+
+<p>Hence, to talk about the constraints on valid PROV-DM data, we
+refer to <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a> that correspond to interactions
+between activities and entities.
+The term "event" is commonly used in process algebra with a similar meaning. For instance, in CSP [[CSP]], events represent communications or interactions; they are assumed to be atomic and
+instantaneous.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="event-ordering">
+<h4>Event Ordering</h4>
+
+
+
+<div class="note">
+ The following paragraphs are unclear and need to be revised, to
+ address review concerns: if
+ we aren't saying anything about how events and time relate, and time
+ is the only concrete information about event ordering in PROV-DM,
+ then how can implementations check that event ordering constraints
+ are satisfied?
+ </div>
+<p> How the <a>precedes</a> partial order is implemented in practice is beyond the scope
+of this specification. This specification only assumes that
+each <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> can be mapped to an instant in some form of
+timeline. The actual mapping is not in scope of this
+specification. Likewise, whether this timeline is formed of a single
+global timeline or whether it consists of multiple Lamport-style
+clocks is also beyond this specification. The <a>follows</a> and
+<a>precedes</a> orderings of events should be consistent with the
+ordering of their associated times
+over these timelines.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>This specification defines <i>event ordering constraints</i>
+between <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a> associated with
+provenance descriptions. PROV-DM data MUST satisfy such constraints. </p>
+
+<p>PROV-DM also allows for time observations to be inserted in
+specific statements, for each recognized <a
+ title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> introduced in this
+specification. The presence of a time observation for a given <a
+ title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> fixes the mapping of this <a
+ title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> to the timeline. It can also
+help with the verification of associated ordering constraints (though,
+again, this verification is outside the scope of this specification).
+</p>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="types-of-events">
+<h4>Types of Events</h4>
+<p>Five kinds of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a> are used
+for the PROV-DM data model. The <strong>activity start</strong> and
+<strong>activity end</strong> events delimit the beginning and the end
+of activities, respectively. The <strong>entity usage</strong>,
+<strong>entity generation</strong>, and <strong>entity
+invalidation</strong> events apply to entities, and the generation and
+invalidation events delimit the <a title="characterization interval">characterization interval</a> of
+an entity. More specifically:
+
+</p>
+
+<p>An <dfn id="dfn-start-event">activity start event</dfn> is the <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the instant an activity starts.</p>
+
+<p>An <dfn id="dfn-end-event">activity end event</dfn> is the <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the instant an activity ends.</p>
+
+<p>An <dfn id="dfn-usage-event">entity usage event</dfn> is the <a
+title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the first instant of
+an entity's consumption timespan by an activity. Before this instant
+the entity had not begun to be used by the activity.</p>
+
+<p>An <dfn id="dfn-generation-event">entity generation event</dfn> is the <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the final instant of an entity's creation timespan, after which
+it is available for use. The entity did not exist before this event.</p>
+
+<p>An <dfn id="dfn-invalidation-event">entity invalidation event</dfn>
+is the <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that
+marks the initial instant of the destruction, invalidation, or
+cessation of an entity, after which the entity is no longer available
+for use. The entity no longer exists after this event.</p>
+
+</section>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+ <section id="account-section">
+ <h3>Account</h3>
+
+<div class="note">
+ Some of this discussion may belong in the account constraint section
+ as motivation, or as formal constraints/inferences. In particular,
+ the MUST, MAY, SHOULD statements should be clarified and put into
+ the normative section.
+ </div>
+
+<p>It is common for multiple provenance records to co-exist. For
+instance, when emailing a file, there could be a provenance record
+kept by the mail client, and another by the mail server. Such
+provenance records may provide different explanations about something
+happening in the world, because they are created by different parties
+or observed by different witnesses. A given party could also create
+multiple provenance records about an execution, to capture different
+levels of details, targeted at different end-users: the programmer of
+an experiment may be interested in a detailed log of execution, while
+the scientists may focus more on the scientific-level description.
+Given that multiple provenance records can co-exist, it is important
+to have details about their origin, who they are attributed to, how
+they were generated, etc. In other words, an important requirement is
+to be able to express the provenance of provenance. </p>
+
+<div class="note">
+ See ISSUE-343.
+ </div>
+<p>
+ <span class="glossary" id="glossary-account">
+An <dfn>account</dfn> is an entity that contains an instance, or set
+ of PROV statements.
+</span> PROV-DM does not provide an actual mechanism for creating accounts, i.e. for bundling up provenance descriptions and naming them. Accounts MUST satisfy some properties:
+<ul>
+<li>An account is a bundle of provenance descriptions whose content MAY change over time.</li>
+<li>If an account's set of statements changes over time, it SHOULD increase monotonically with time. </li>
+<li>A given description of e.g. an entity in a given account, in terms of its identifier and attribute-value pairs, does not change over time. </li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class='note'>
+The last point is important. It indicates that within an account:
+<ul>
+<li>It is always possible to add new provenance statements, e.g. stating that a given entity was used by an activity, or derived from another. This is very much an open world assumption.
+<li>It is not permitted to add new attributes to a given entity (a
+ form of closed world assumption from the attributes point of view),
+ though it is always permitted to create a new statement describing
+ an entity, which is a "copy" of the original statement extended with novel attributes (cf Example <a href="#merge-with-rename">merge-with-rename</a>).
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+There is no construct in PROV-DM to create such bundles of
+statements. Instead, it is assumed that some mechanism, outside
+PROV-DM can create them. However, from a provenance viewpoint, such
+accounts are things whose provenance we may want to describe. In order to be able to do so, we need to see accounts as entities, whose origin can be described using PROV-DM vocabulary. Thus, PROV-DM introduces the reserved type <span class="name">Account</span>.
+</p>
+
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<section class="appendix">
+ <h2>Acknowledgements</h2>
+ <p>
+ WG membership to be listed here.
+ </p>
+ </section>
+
+<section class="glossary">
+ <h2>Glossary</h2>
+ <ul>
+ <li> <dfn>anti-symmetric</dfn>: A relation R over X is <a>anti-symmetric</a> if
+ for any elements x, y of X, if x R y and y R x then x = y.
+ Alternatively, for a strict partial order anti-symmetry usually
+ means that for any elements x, y of X, it is impossible that
+ both x R
+ y and y R x hold.</li>
+ <li> <dfn>reflexive</dfn>: A relation R over X is <a>reflexive</a> if
+ for any element x of X, we have x R x.</li>
+ <li> <dfn>symmetric</dfn>: A relation R over X is <a>symmetric</a> if
+ for any elements x, y of X, if x R y then y R x.</li>
+ <li> <dfn>transitive</dfn>: A relation R over X is <a>transitive</a> if
+ for any elements x, y, z of X, if x R y and y R z then x R z.</li>
+
+
+ </ul>
+ </section>
+
+
+ </body></html>
+
+<!-- LocalWords: px DM RL RDF AQ SEM SOTD Definitional wasInformedBy attrs ag
+ -->
+<!-- LocalWords: wasGeneratedBy wasStartedBy gAttr sAttr wasAttributedTo attr
+ -->
+<!-- LocalWords: wasAssociatedWith dAttrs gAttrs wasDerivedFrom uAttrs eAttrs
+ -->
+<!-- LocalWords: wasRevisionOf specializationOf wasQuotedFrom Traceability WD
+ -->
+<!-- LocalWords: tracedTo aAttr actedOnBehalfOf rAttr traceability TODO xsd
+ -->
+<!-- LocalWords: alternateOf wasEndedBy Lamport's timeline subfigure memberOf
+ -->
+<!-- LocalWords: wasStartedByAgent wasAttributedWith derivedByInsertionFrom
+ -->
+<!-- LocalWords: QName derivedByRemovalFrom EmptyCollection wasVersionOf dm
+ -->
+<!-- LocalWords: RecsWD formedness workflow ness operability CSP versa hyp YY
+ -->
+<!-- LocalWords: disambiguating lifecycle conformant minimalistic Lamport fo
+ -->
+<!-- LocalWords: reflexivity antisymmetry timelines timespan WG concl inv
+ -->
+<!-- LocalWords: continuant occurrent modalities toyota womanInRedDress
+ -->
+<!-- LocalWords: customerInChairAt manWithGlasses customerInChair irreflexive
+ -->
+<!-- LocalWords: wasStartedByActivity antisymmetric wasInvalidatedBy
+ -->
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/wd6-prov-dm.html Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,2812 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html
+>
+
+<html><head>
+ <title>PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</title>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
+ <!--
+ === NOTA BENE ===
+ For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
+ out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
+ -->
+<!-- PM -->
+ <style type="text/css">
+ .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
+ </style>
+
+ <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" class="remove"></script>
+
+ <script src="glossary.js" class="remove"></script>
+
+ <script class="remove">
+ function updateGlossaryRefs() {
+ $('.glossary-ref').each(function(index) {
+ var ref=$(this).attr('data-ref');
+ var span=$(this).attr('data-withspan')
+ $(this).removeAttr('data-withspan');
+ $(this).removeAttr('data-ref');
+
+ $('#'+ref+'.glossary').contents().clone().appendTo($(this));
+// $(this).attr("prov:hadOriginalSource",glossary_hg);
+ if (span) {
+ $(this).children('dfn').replaceWith(function(){return $('<span>').addClass('dfn').append($(this).contents())});
+ }
+ });
+ }
+ $(document).ready(function(){
+ // if glossary is in a string:
+ $('#glossary_div').html(glossary_string)
+ updateGlossaryRefs();
+ });
+
+ </script>
+
+ <script class="remove">
+ var addExtraReferences = function() {
+ for (var k in extraReferences)
+ berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
+ };
+ var extraReferences = {
+ "CLOCK":
+ "Lamport, L. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
+ "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
+ "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
+ "CSP":
+ "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
+ "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
+ "Logic":
+ "W. E. Johnson"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
+ "1924. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
+ "PROV-SEM":
+ "James Cheney "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Work in progress. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
+
+ "PROV-PRIMER":
+ "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-O":
+ "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-CONSTRAINTS":
+ "James Cheney, Paolo Missier, and Luc Moreau (eds.) "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/\"><cite>Constraints of the PROV Data Model</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-N":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.)"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\"><cite>PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-AQ":
+ "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
+ };
+ var respecConfig = {
+ // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
+ specStatus: "ED",
+
+ // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
+ shortName: "prov-dm",
+
+ // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
+ // formal title, define it here
+ subtitle : "working towards WD6",
+
+
+ // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
+// publishDate: "2012-05-03",
+
+ // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
+ // the start date here:
+ copyrightStart: "2011",
+
+ // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
+ // and its maturity status
+ previousPublishDate: "2012-05-03",
+ previousMaturity: "WD",
+
+ // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
+ edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html",
+
+ // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
+ // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
+
+ // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
+ // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
+ extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "./extra-dm.css"],
+
+ // editors, add as many as you like
+ // only "name" is required
+ editors: [
+ { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
+ company: "University of Southampton" },
+ { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
+ company: "Newcastle University" },
+ ],
+
+ // authors, add as many as you like.
+ // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
+ // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
+
+ authors: [
+ { name: "Khalid Belhajjame", url: "http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Khalid_Belhajjame",
+ company: "University of Manchester" },
+ { name: "Reza B'Far",
+ company: "Oracle Corporation" },
+ { name: "Stephen Cresswell",
+ company: "legislation.gov.uk"},
+ { name: "Yolanda Gil",
+ company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.isi.edu/~gil/"},
+ { name: "Paul Groth", url: "http://www.few.vu.nl/~pgroth/",
+ company: "VU University of Amsterdam" },
+ { name: "Graham Klyne",
+ company: "University of Oxford" },
+ { name: "Jim McCusker", url: "http://tw.rpi.edu/web/person/JamesMcCusker",
+ company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute" },
+ { name: "Simon Miles",
+ company: "Invited Expert", url:"http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/simonm/" },
+ { name: "James Myers", url:"http://www.rpi.edu/research/ccni/",
+ company: "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute"},
+ { name: "Satya Sahoo", url:"http://cci.case.edu/cci/index.php/Satya_Sahoo",
+ company: "Case Western Reserve University" },
+ { name: "Curt Tilmes",
+ company: "National Aeronautics and Space Administration" },
+ ],
+
+ // name of the WG
+ wg: "Provenance Working Group",
+
+ // URI of the public WG page
+ wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
+
+ // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
+ wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
+
+ // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
+ // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
+ // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
+ // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
+ // Team Contact.
+ wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
+
+ // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
+ preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
+ };
+ </script>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+
+ <section id="abstract">
+<p>
+PROV-DM, the PROV data model, is a data model for provenance that describes
+the entities, people and activities involved in
+producing a piece of data or thing.
+PROV-DM is structured in six components, dealing with:
+(1) entities and activities, and the time at which they were created, used, or ended;
+(2) agents bearing responsibility for entities that were generated and activities that happened;
+(3) derivations of entities from entities;
+(4) properties to link entities that refer to the same thing;
+(5) collections forming a logical structure for its members;
+(6) a simple annotation mechanism.
+</p>
+
+<p>This document introduces the provenance concepts found in
+PROV and defines PROV-DM types and
+relations. PROV data model is domain-agnostic, but is equipped with
+extensibility points allowing domain-specific information to be included. </p>
+
+<p>Two further documents complete the specification of PROV-DM.
+First, a companion document specifies the set of constraints that
+provenance descriptions should follow. Second,
+a separate document describes a provenance notation for expressing
+instances of provenance for human consumption; this notation is used in examples in
+this document. </p>
+
+ </section>
+
+<section id="sotd">
+<h4>PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
+This document is part of the PROV family of specifications, a set of specifications defining various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
+interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. The specifications are:
+<ul>
+<li> PROV-DM, the PROV data model for provenance (this document);</li>
+<li> PROV-CONSTRAINTS, a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model;</li>
+<li> PROV-N, a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption;</li>
+<li> PROV-O, the PROV ontology, an OWL-RL ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF;</li>
+<li> PROV-AQ, the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance; </li>
+<li> PROV-PRIMER, a primer for the PROV data model;</li>
+<li> PROV-SEM, a formal semantics for the PROV data model;</li>
+<li> PROV-XML, an XML schema for the PROV data model.</li>
+</ul>
+<h4>How to read the PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>The primer is the entry point to PROV offering an introduction to the provenance model.</li>
+<li>The Linked Data and Semantic Web community should focus on PROV-O defining PROV classes and properties specified in an OWL-RL ontology. For further details, PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS specify the constraints applicable to the data model, and its interpretation. PROV-SEM provides a mathematical semantics.</li>
+<li>The XML community should focus on PROV-XML defining an XML schema for PROV. Further details can also be found in PROV-DM, PROV-CONSTRAINTS, and PROV-SEM.</li>
+<li>Developers seeking to retrieve or publish provenance should focus on PROV-AQ.</li>
+<li>Readers seeking to implement other PROV serializations
+should focus on PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS. PROV-O, PROV-N, PROV-XML offer examples of mapping to RDF, text, and XML, respectively.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<h4>Fourth Public Working Draft</h4>
+<p>This is the fourth public release of the PROV-DM document. Following feedback, the Working Group has decided to reorganize this document substantially, separating the data model from its contraints and the notation used to illustrate it. The PROV-DM release is synchronized with the release of the PROV-O, PROV-PRIMER, PROV-N, and PROV-CONSTRAINTS documents. We are now clarifying the entry path to the PROV family of specifications.</p>
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+<!-- <div class="buttonpanel">
+<form action="#"><p>
+<input id="hide-asn" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','withAsn','none');set_display_by_class('span','withAsn','none'); set_display_by_id('hide-asn','none'); set_display_by_id('show-asn','');" type="button"
+value="Hide ASN" />
+<input id="show-asn" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','withAsn',''); set_display_by_class('span','withAsn',''); set_display_by_id('hide-asn',''); set_display_by_id('show-asn','none');" style="display: none"
+type="button" value="Show ASN" />
+</p>
+</form>
+</div>
+-->
+
+
+
+
+
+ <section id="introduction">
+ <h2>Introduction<br>
+</h2>
+
+<p>
+For the purpose of this specification, <dfn>provenance</dfn> is defined as a record that describes the people,
+institutions, entities, and activities involved in producing,
+influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a thing.
+In particular, the provenance of information is crucial in deciding
+whether information is to be trusted, how it should be integrated with
+other diverse information sources, and how to give credit to its
+originators when reusing it. In an open and inclusive environment
+such as the Web, where users find information that is often contradictory or
+questionable, provenance can help those users to make trust judgements.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+We
+consider a core data model for provenance that allows domain and application specific representations of provenance to be translated into such a data model and <em>interchanged</em> between systems.
+Thus, heterogeneous systems can export their native provenance into such a core data model, and applications that need to make sense of provenance in heterogeneous systems can then import it,
+process it, and reason over it.</p>
+
+<p>A set of specifications, referred to as the PROV family of specifications, define the various aspects
+that are necessary to achieve this vision in an interoperable
+way:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>A data model for provenance, which is presented in three documents:
+<ul>
+<li> PROV-DM (part I): the provenance data model, informally described (this document);
+<li> PROV-CONSTRAINTS (part II): constraints underpinning the data model [[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]];
+<li> PROV-N (part III): a notation to express instances of that data model for human consumption [[PROV-N]];
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>PROV-O: the PROV ontology, an OWL-RL ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF [[PROV-O]];</li>
+<li>PROV-AQ: the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [[PROV-AQ]];</li>
+<li>PROV-PRIMER: a primer for the PROV approach [[PROV-PRIMER]];</li>
+<li>PROV-SEM: semantics of the PROV-DM data model [[PROV-SEM]];</li>
+<li>PROV-XML: an XML schema for the PROV data model.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<p>
+The PROV data model is a domain-agnostic model, but with clear extensibility points allowing further domain-specific and
+application-specific extensions to be defined.
+The PROV data model is structured according to six components covering various aspects of provenance:</p>
+<ul>
+<li> component 1: entities and activities, and the time at which they were created, used, or ended;
+<li> component 2: agents bearing responsibility for entities that were generated and activities that happened;
+<li> component 3: derivations of entities from others;
+<li> component 4: properties to link entities that refer to a same thing;
+<li> component 5: collections forming a logical structure for its members;
+<li> component 6: a simple annotation mechanism.
+</ul>
+
+
+<p>This specification presents the key concepts of the PROV Data Model, and
+provenance types and relations, without specific concern for how they are applied.
+With these, it becomes possible to write useful provenance descriptions, and publish or embed them along side the data they relate to. </p>
+
+<p>However, if something about which provenance is expressed is subject to change, then it is challenging to express its provenance precisely (e.g. the data from which a daily weather report is derived changes from day to day).
+ To address this challenge, a <em>refinement</em> is proposed to enrich simple provenance, with extra descriptions that help qualify the specific subject of provenance and provenance itself, with attributes and temporal information, intended to satisfy a comprehensive set of constraints. These aspects are covered in the companion specification [[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]].
+</p>
+
+
+<section id="structure-of-this-document">
+<h3>Structure of this Document</h3>
+
+<p><a href="#starting-points">Section 2</a> provides starting points for the PROV Data Model, listing a set of types and relations, which allows users to make initial provenance descriptions.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#prov-dm-example">Section 3</a> illustrates how the PROV data model can be used
+to express the provenance of a report published on the Web.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#data-model-components">Section 4</a> provides the definitions of PROV concepts, structured according to six components.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#extensibility-section">Section 5</a> summarizes PROV-DM extensibility points.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#valid-provenance">Section 6</a> introduces the idea that constraints can be applied to the PROV data model to refine provenance descriptions; these are covered in the companion specification [[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]].</p>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="conventions">
+<h3>Notational Conventions</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
+ NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
+ "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
+ [[!RFC2119]].</p>
+
+
+<p>
+The following namespaces prefixes are used throughout this document.
+
+<div style="text-align: left;">
+<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="namespace-table">Table 1: Prefix and Namespaces used in this specification</caption>
+<tr><td><a><b>prefix</b></a></td><td><b>namespace uri</b></td> <td><b>definition</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>prov</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</td><td>The PROV namespace (see Section <a href="#term-NamespaceDeclaration">4.7.1</a>)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>xsd</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema#</td><td>XML Schema Namespace [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]]</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>rdf</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#</td><td>The RDF namespace [[!RDF-CONCEPTS]]</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>(others)</a></td><td>(various)</td><td>All other namespace prefixes are used in examples only. <br/> In particular, URIs starting with "http://example.com" represent<br/> some application-dependent URI [[!URI]]</td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id='starting-points'>
+<h1>PROV Starting Points</h1>
+
+<p>
+This section introduces provenance concepts with informal descriptions and illustrative
+examples. Since PROV-DM is a conceptual data
+model, Section 2.5 maps the concepts to various types and relations,
+which are illustrated graphically in
+a simplified UML diagram in <a href="#prov-dm-overview">Figure 1</a>. Section 2.6
+then summarizes the PROV notation allowing instances of PROV-DM to be
+written down.
+</p>
+
+<form action="#"><p>
+<input id="hide-examples" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','conceptexample','none'); set_display_by_id('hide-examples','none'); set_display_by_id('show-examples','');" type="button"
+value="Hide Concept Examples" />
+<input id="show-examples" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','conceptexample',''); set_display_by_id('hide-examples',''); set_display_by_id('show-examples','none');" style="display: none"
+type="button" value="Show Concept Examples" />
+</p>
+</form>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <section id='section-entity-activity'>
+<h2>Entity and Activity</h2>
+
+
+<p>Things we want to describe the provenance of are called <em>entities</em> in PROV. The term "things" encompasses a broad diversity of notions, including digital objects such as a file or web page,
+physical things such as a building or a printed book, or a car as well as abstract concepts and ideas. </p>
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-entity" data-withspan="true">
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="conceptexample" id="entity-example">
+<p>An entity may be the document at URI <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17526723">http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17526723</a>, a file in a file system, a car, or an idea.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-activity" data-withspan="true"></span> Activities that operate on digital entities may for example move, copy, or duplicate them.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="conceptexample" id="activity-example">
+<p>An activity may be the publishing of a document on the Web, sending a twitter message, extracting metadata embedded in a file, driving a car from Boston to Cambridge, assembling a data set based on a set of measurements, performing a statistical analysis over a data set, sorting news items according to some criteria, running a SPARQL query over a triple store, or editing a file.</p>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+ <section id="section-generation-usage-derivation">
+<h2>Generation, Usage, Derivation</h2>
+
+<p>Activities and entities are associated with each other in two different ways: activities utilize entities and activities produce entities. The act of utilizing or producing an entity may have a duration.
+ The term 'generation' refers to the completion of the act of producing; likewise, the term 'usage' refers to the beginning of the act of utilizing entities. Thus, we define the following notions of generation and usage. </p>
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-generation" data-withspan="true">
+</div>
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-usage" data-withspan="true">
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="conceptexample" id="generation-example">
+<p>Examples of generation are the completed creation of a file by a
+program, the completed creation of a linked data set, and the completed
+publication of a new version of a document.
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="conceptexample" id="usage-example">
+<p>Usage examples include a procedure beginning to consume an argument, a service starting to read a value on a port, a program beginning to read a configuration
+file, or the point at which an ingredient, such as eggs, is being added in a baking activity. Usage may entirely consume an entity (e.g. eggs are no longer available after being added to
+the mix); in contrast, the same entity may be used multiple times, possibly by different activities (e.g. a file on a file system can be read indefinitely).
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Activities utilize entities and producer entities. In some cases, utilizing an entity influences the creation of another in some way. This notion is captured by derivations, defined as follows.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-derivation" data-withspan="true"></span>
+
+
+
+<div class="conceptexample" id="derivation-example">
+<p>Examples of derivation include the transformation of a relational table into a
+linked data set, the transformation of a canvas into a painting, the transportation of a work of art from London to New York, and a physical transformation such as the melting of ice into water.</p>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="section-agents-attribution-association-responsibility">
+<h2>Agents, Attribution, Association, and Responsibility</h2>
+
+<p>The motivation for introducing agents in the model is to express the agent's responsibility for activities that happened and entities that were generated. </p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-agent" data-withspan="true">
+</span> An agent MAY be a particular type of entity. This means that the model can be
+ used to express provenance of the agents themselves.
+</p>
+
+
+<!--
+<p>
+The definition of agent intentionally stays away from using concepts such as enabling, causing, initiating, triggering, affecting, etc, because many entities also enable, cause, initiate, and affect in some way
+the activities. (Concepts such as triggers are themselves defined later in relations between entities and activities.) So the notion of having some degree of responsibility is really what makes an agent.</p>
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="conceptexample" id="agent-example">
+<p>
+Software for checking the use of grammar in a document may be defined as an agent of a document preparation activity, and at the same time one can describe its provenance, including for instance the vendor and the version history.
+A site selling books on the Web, the services involved in the processing of orders, and the companies hosting them are also agents.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Agents may adopt sets of actions or steps to achieve their goals. This is captured by the notion of plan. </p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-plan" data-withspan="true">
+</span>
+There exist no
+prescriptive requirement on the nature of plans, their representation, the
+actions or steps they consist of, or their intended goals. Since plans may evolve over time,
+it may become necessary to track their provenance, so plans themselves are
+entities. Representing the plan explicitly in the provenance can be useful for various tasks: for example, to
+validate the execution as represented in the provenance record, to
+manage expectation failures, or to provide explanations.</p>
+
+<div class="conceptexample" id="plan-example">
+<p>
+A plan can be a blog post tutorial for how to set up a web server, a list of instructions for a micro-processor execution, a cook's written recipe for a chocolate cake, or a workflow for a scientific experiment.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<p>Agents can be related to entities, activities, and other agents.</p>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-attribution" data-withspan="true"></div>
+
+<div class="conceptexample" id="attribution-example">
+<p>A blog post can be attributed to an author, a mobile phone to its manufacturer.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+Agents are defined as having some kind of responsibility for activities. In some
+cases, those activities reflect the execution of a plan that was
+designed in advance to guide the execution. Thus,
+a plan may also be linked to an activity. </p>
+
+<!-- <div class="note">Proposal: remove the above para as it repeats from 2.3. Proposed text: "the <em>activity association</em> relation provides a way to indicate that an agent is responsible for an activity, possibly with an associated plan."[PM]</div> -->
+
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-activityAssociation" data-withspan="true"></span>
+</p>
+
+<div class="conceptexample" id="association-example">
+<p>Examples of association between an activity and an agent are:
+<ul>
+<li>creation of a web page under the guidance of a designer;</li>
+<li>various forms of participation in a panel discussion, including audience member, panelist, or panel chair;</li>
+<li>a public event, sponsored by a company, and hosted by a museum;</li>
+<li>an XSLT transform launched by a user based on an XSL style sheet (a plan).</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-responsibility" data-withspan="true">
+</span> The nature of this relation is intended to be broad, including delegation or contractual relation. </p>
+
+<!--<div class="note">Propose to rephrase as follows: <br/>
+A relation between two agents, denoted <dfn title="concept-responsibilityChain">actedOnBehalfOf</dfn> indicates that
+ that a "subordinate" agent acted on behalf of a "responsible" agent, in the context of an activity. The nature of this relation is intended to be broad, including delegation or a contractual relation.
+ When this relation is used transitively, i.e., one agent acts on behalf of another, who also acts on behalf of another, etc., these relations form a <dfn title="concept-responsibilityChain">responsibility chain</dfn>.
+</div>-->
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="conceptexample" id="responsibility-example">
+<p>A student publishing a web page describing an academic
+department could result in both the student and the department being
+agents associated with the activity, and it may not matter which
+student published a web page but it matters a lot that the department
+told the student to put up the web page.
+</p>
+</div>
+</section>
+
+<section id="section-types-entities-agents">
+<h2>Further Entities: Collections and Accounts</h2>
+
+<p>There are two further types of entities, collections and accounts, which are now introduced. </p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-collection" data-withspan="true"></span> This concept allows for the provenance of the collection itself to be expressed in addition to that of the members. Many different types of collections exist, such as a <em>set</em>, <em>dictionaries</em>, or <em>lists</em>, all of which involve a membership relationship between the constituents and the collection. </p>
+
+<div class="conceptexample" id="collection-example">
+<p>
+An example of collection is an archive of documents. Each document has its own provenance, but the archive itself also has some provenance: who maintained it, which documents it contained at which point in time, how it was assembled, etc.
+</div>
+
+
+<!-- alternative names: provenance record, bundle -->
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-account" data-withspan="true">
+</span>Making an account an entity allows for provenance of provenance to be expressed.
+
+<div class="conceptexample" id="account-example">
+<p>
+For users to decide whether they can place their trust in
+a resource, they may want to analyze the resource's provenance, but also determine
+who its provenance is attributed to, and when it was
+generated. In other words, users need to be able to determine the provenance of provenance.
+Hence, provenance is also
+regarded as an entity (of type Account), by which provenance of provenance can then be
+expressed.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+ <section id="section-UML">
+<h2>Simplified Overview Diagram</h2>
+
+<p>So far, we have introduced a series of concepts underpinning provenance. PROV-DM is a conceptual data model consisting of types and relations between these. <a href="#overview-types-and-relations">Table 2</a> shows how provenance concepts can be mapped to types and relations in PROV-DM: the first column lists concepts introduced in this section, the second column indicates whether a concept maps to a type or a relation, whereas the third column contains the corresponding name. Names of relations have a verbal form in the past tense to express what happened in the past, as opposed to what may or will happen.
+</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: left;">
+<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="overview-types-and-relations">Table 2: Mapping of Provenance concepts to types and relations</caption>
+<tr><td><a><b>PROV Concepts</b></a></td><td><b>PROV-DM types or relations</b></td><td><b>Name</b></td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a>Entity</a></td><td rowspan="3">PROV-DM Types</td><td><a title="dfn-Entity">entity</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>Activity</a></td><td><a title="dfn-Activity">activity</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>Agent</a></td><td><a title="dfn-agent">agent</a></td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a>Generation</a></td><td rowspan="6">PROV-DM Relations</td><td><a title="wasGeneratedBy">wasGeneratedBy</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>Usage</a></td><td><a title="used">used</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>Attribution</a></td><td><a title="wasAttributedTo">wasAttributedTo</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>Association</a></td><td><a title="wasAssociatedWith">wasAssociatedWith</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>Responsibility</a></td><td><a title="actedOnBehalfOf">actedOnBehalfOf</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>Derivation</a></td><td><a title="wasDerivedFrom">wasDerivedFrom</a></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<p><a href="#prov-dm-overview">Figure 1</a> illustrates the three types (entity, activity, and agent) and how they relate to each other. At this stage, all relations are shown to be binary. Definitions of <a href="#data-model-components">Section 4</a> reveal that some relations, while involving two primary elements, are n-ary. </p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center; ">
+ <figure style="max-width: 70%; " >
+ <img src="images/OverviewDiagram.png" alt="Simplified Overview of PROV-DM" style="max-width: 70%; " />
+<figcaption id="prov-dm-overview">Figure 1: Simplified Overview of PROV-DM</figcaption>
+ </figure>
+</div>
+
+<p><a href="#prov-dm-overview">Figure 1</a> is not intended to be complete: it only illustrates types and relations introduced in this section (<a href="#starting-points">Section 2</a>), exploited in the example discussed in <a href="#prov-dm-example">Section 3</a>, and explained in detail in <a href="#data-model-components">Section 4</a>.
+Names of relations depicted in <a href="#prov-dm-overview">Figure 1</a>
+are listed in
+the third column of <a href="#overview-types-and-relations">Table 2</a>. These names are part of a textual notation to write instances of the PROV data model, which we introduce in the next section. </p>
+
+<!--
+<div class="note">
+ TODO: short text required to explain the overview diagram
+<p>I have the impression that the diagram presented in Section 2.5 would
+ > be more useful if placed at the beginning of Section 2 [KB]
+</div>
+-->
+</section>
+<section id="prov-n">
+<h2>PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</h2>
+
+
+<p>To illustrate the application of PROV concepts to a concrete example (see <a href="#prov-dm-example">Section 3</a>) and to provide examples of concepts (see <a href="#data-model-components">Section 4</a>),
+we introduce PROV-N, a notation for writing instances of the PROV data model. For full details, the reader is referred to the companion specification [[PROV-N]].
+PROV-N is a notation aimed at human consumption, with the following characteristics:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>PROV-N expressions adopt a <em>functional notation</em> consisting
+of a name and a list of arguments in parentheses.</li>
+
+<li>The interpretation of PROV-N arguments is defined according to their <em>position</em> in the list of arguments. This convention allows for a compact notation. </li>
+
+<li>
+PROV-N <em>optional arguments</em> need not be specified:
+the general rule for optional arguments is that, if none of them are used in the expression, then they are simply omitted, resulting in a simpler expression. However, it may be the case that only some of the optional arguments need to be specified. Because the position of the arguments in the expression matters, in this case an additional marker must be used to indicate that a particular term is not available. The syntactic marker <span class="name">-</span> is used for this purpose.
+</li>
+
+<li>Most expressions
+include an identifier
+and a set of attribute-value pairs; both are optional unless otherwise specified. By convention, the identifier occurs in the <em>first position</em>, and the the set of attribute-value pairs in the <em>last position</em>.
+Consistent with the convention on arguments, the marker <span class="name">-</span> can be used when the identifier is not available, or can be omitted altogether with no ambiguity arising.
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+An activity with identifier <span class="name">a1</span> and an attribute <span class="name">type</span> with value <span class="name">createFile</span>.
+<pre class="codeexample" >
+activity(a1, [prov:type="createFile"])
+</pre>
+Two entities with identifiers <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>.
+<pre class="codeexample" >
+entity(e1)
+entity(e2)
+</pre>
+The activity <span class="name">a1</span> used <span class="name">e1</span>, and <span class="name">e2</span> was generated by <span class="name">a1</span>.
+<pre class="codeexample" >
+used(a1,e1)
+wasGeneratedBy(e2,a1)
+</pre>
+The same description, but with an explicit identifier <span class="name">u1</span> for the usage, and the syntactic marker <span class="name">-</span> to mark the absence of identifier in the generation.
+<pre class="codeexample" >
+used(u1,a1,e1)
+wasGeneratedBy(-,e2,a1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="prov-dm-example">
+<h2>Illustration of PROV-DM by an Example</h2>
+
+<p><a href="#starting-points">Section 2</a> has introduced some provenance concepts, and how they are expressed as types or relations in the PROV data model. The purpose of this section is to put these concepts into practice in order to express the provenance of some document published on the Web.
+With this realistic example, PROV concepts are composed together, and a graphical illustration shows a provenance description forming a directed graph, rooted at the entity we want to explain the provenance of, and pointing to the entities, activities, and agents it depended on. This example also shows that, sometimes, multiple provenance descriptions about the same entity can co-exist, which then justifies the need for provenance of provenance.</p>
+
+
+<p>In this example, we consider one of the many documents published by the World Wide Web Consortium, and describe its provenance.
+Specifically, we consider the document identified by
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215</a>. Its provenance can be expressed from several perspectives: first, provenance can take the authors' viewpoint; second, it can be concerned with the W3C process. Then, attribution of these two provenance descriptions is provided.</p>
+
+
+<section id="section-example-one">
+<h3>The Authors View</h3>
+
+
+<p style="font-style:italic; " ><b>Description:</b> A document
+is edited by some editor, using contributions from various
+contributors.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<p>In this perspective, provenance of the document
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215</a> is concerned with the editing activity as perceived by authors. This kind of information could be used by authors in their CV or in a narrative about this document. </p>
+
+
+
+
+<p>We paraphrase some PROV-DM descriptions, express them with the PROV-N notation, and then depict them with a graphical illustration (see <a href="#prov-a-document1">Figure 1</a>).
+Full details of the provenance record can be found <a href="examples/w3c-publication3.pn">here</a>.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>There was a document <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span>, which from the author's perspective was a document in its second version.
+<pre>
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>There was an editing activity.
+<pre>
+activity(ex:edit1,[prov:type="edit"])
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>The document was generated by the editing activity: this was a <a title="concept-generation">Generation</a>.
+<pre>
+wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+
+<li>There were some agents.
+<pre>
+agent(ex:Paolo, [ prov:type="Person" ])
+agent(ex:Simon, [ prov:type="Person" ])
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>Agents were assigned various responsibilities in the editing activity: contributor and editor.
+<pre>
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Paolo, -, [ prov:role="editor" ])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Simon, -, [ prov:role="contributor" ])
+</pre>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+Provenance descriptions can be <em>illustrated</em> graphically. The illustration is not intended to represent all the details of the model, but it is intended to show the essence of a set of
+provenance descriptions. Therefore, it should not be seen as an alternate notation for expressing provenance.</p>
+
+<p>The graphical illustration takes the form of a graph. Entities, activities and agents are represented as nodes, with oval, rectangular, and pentagonal shapes, respectively. Usage,
+Generation, Derivation, and Association are represented as directed edges.</p>
+
+<p>Entities are laid out according to the ordering of their generation. We endeavor to show time progressing from left to right. This means that edges for Usage, Generation,
+Derivation, Association typically point leftwards</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center; ">
+ <figure>
+ <img src="images/w3-publication3.png" alt="Provenance of a Document (1)" style="max-width: 98%; "/>
+<figcaption id="prov-a-document1">Figure 2: Provenance of a Document (1)</figcaption>
+ </figure>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="section-example-two">
+<h3>The Process View</h3>
+
+
+<p style="font-style:italic; " ><b>Description:</b> The World Wide Web
+Consortium publishes documents according to its publication
+policy. Working drafts are published regularly to reflect the work
+accomplished by working groups. Every publication of a working draft
+must be preceded by a "publication request" to the Webmaster. The
+very first version of a document must also be preceded by a
+"transition request" to be approved by the W3C director. All working
+drafts are made available at a unique URI. In this scenario, we consider two successive versions of a given document, the policy according to which they were published, and the associated requests.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+We describe the kind of provenance record that the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium">WWW Consortium</a> could keep for auditors to check that due processes are followed. All entities involved in this example are Web resources, with well defined URIs (some of which refer archived email messages, available to W3C Members).</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li> Two versions of a document were involved: <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> (second working draft) and <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span> (first working draft);</li>
+<li> Both <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> and <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span> were published by the WWW Consortium (<span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium">w3:Consortium</a></span>); </li>
+<li> The publication activity for <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> was <span class="name">ex:act2</span>;</li>
+<li> The publication activity for <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span> was <span class="name">ex:act1</span>;
+</li>
+
+<li> The document <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> was derived from <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span>;</li>
+
+<li> The publication activity <span class="name">ex:act1</span> used a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq">publication request</a> (<span class="name"><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/2011Oct/0141">email:2011Oct/0141</a></span>) and a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#transreq">transition request</a> (<span class="name"><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/chairs/2011OctDec/0004">chairs:2011OctDec/0004</a></span>);</li>
+<li> The publication activity <span class="name">ex:act2</span> used a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq">publication request</a> (<span class="name"><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/2011Dec/0111">email:2011Dec/0111</a></span>);</li>
+<li> Documents were published according to the process rules (<span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#rec-advance">process:rec-advance</a></span>), a plan in PROV-DM terminology.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+We now paraphrase some PROV descriptions, and express them with the PROV-N notation, and then depict them with a graphical illustration (see <a href="#prov-a-document2">Figure 2</a>). Full details of the provenance record can be found <a href="examples/w3c-publication1.pn">here</a>.
+
+<ul>
+<li>There was a document, a working draft on the recommendation track (<a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#RecsWD">process:RecsWD</a>), which is an entity so that we can describe its provenance. Similar descriptions exist for all entities.
+<pre>
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="process:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+</pre>
+</li>
+<li>There was a publication activity.
+<pre>
+activity(ex:act2,[prov:type="publish"])
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>The document was generated by the publication activity: this was a <a title="concept-Generation">Generation</a>.
+<pre>
+wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:act2, -)
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+
+<li>The second draft of the document was derived from the first draft: this was a <a title="concept-Derivation">Derivation</a>.
+<pre>
+wasDerivedFrom(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018)
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>The activity required a publication request: this was a <a title="concept-Usage">Usage</a>.
+<pre>
+used(ex:act2, email:2011Dec/0111, -)
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>The activity was associated with the Consortium agent, and proceeded according to its publication policy: this is an <a title="concept-activityAssociation">Activity Association</a>.
+<pre>
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:act2, w3:Consortium, process:rec-advance)
+</pre>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+ <figure>
+ <img src="images/w3-publication1.png" alt="Provenance of a Document (2)" style="max-width: 90%; "/>
+<figcaption id="prov-a-document2">Figure 3: Provenance of a Document (2)</figcaption>
+ </figure>
+</div>
+
+
+<p> This simple example has shown a variety of PROV concepts, such as Entity, Agent, Activity, Usage, Generation, Derivation, and Association. In this example, it happens that all entities were already Web resources, with readily available URIs, which we used. We note that some of the resources are public, whereas others have restricted access: provenance statements only make use of their identifiers. If identifiers do not pre-exist, e.g. for activities, then they can be generated, for instance <span class="name">ex:act2</span>, occurring in the namespace identified by prefix <span class="name">ex</span>. We note that the URI scheme developed by W3C is particularly suited for expressing provenance of these documents, since each URI denotes a specific version of a document. It then becomes easy to relate the various versions with PROV-DM relations. We note that an Association is a ternary relation (represented by a multi-edge labeled wasAssociatedWith) from an activity to an agent and a plan.</p>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="section-example-c">
+<h3>Attribution of Provenance</h3>
+
+<p>The two previous sections provide two different perspectives on the provenance of a document By design, the PROV approach allows for the provenance of a subject to be provided by multiple sources. For users to decide whether they can place their trust in the document, they may want to analyze its provenance, but also determine
+who the provenance is attributed to, and when it was
+generated, etc. In other words, we need to be able to express the provenance of provenance.</p>
+
+<p>No new mechanism is required to support this requirement. PROV-DM makes the assumption that provenance statements have been bundled up, and named, by some mechanism outside the scope of PROV-DM. For instance, in this case, provenance statements were put in a file and exposed on the Web, respectively at <a href="examples/w3c-publication1.pn">ex:w3c-publication1.pn</a> and <a href="examples/w3c-publication3.pn">ex:w3c-publication3.pn</a>. To express their respective provenance, these resources must be seen as entities, and all the constructs of PROV-DM are now available to characterize their provenance. In the example below, <span class="name">ex:w3c-publication1.pn</span> is attributed to the agent <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>, whereas <span class="name">ex:w3c-publication3.pn</span> to <span class="name">ex:Simon</span>.
+
+<pre>
+entity(ex:w3c-publication1.pn, [prov:type="prov:Account" %% xsd:QName ])
+wasAttributedTo(ex:w3c-publication1.pn, w3:Consortium)
+
+entity(ex:w3c-publication3.pn, [prov:type="prov:Account" %% xsd:QName ])
+wasAttributedTo(ex:w3c-publication3.pn, ex:Simon)
+</pre>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="data-model-components">
+
+<h2>PROV-DM Types and Relations</h2>
+
+<p>Provenance concepts, expressed as PROV-DM types and relations, are structured according to six components that are introduced in this section.
+Components and their dependencies are illustrated in <a href="#prov-dm-components">Figure 4</a>. A component that relies on concepts defined in another also sits above it in this figure.
+PROV-DM consists of the following components.</p>
+
+<div id="prov-dm-components-ul">
+<ul>
+<li><b>Component 1: entities and activities.</b> The first component consists of entities, activities, and concepts linking them, such as generation, usage, start, end. The first component is the only one comprising time-related concepts. </li>
+<li><b>Component 2: agents and responsibility.</b> The second component consists of agents and concepts ascribing responsibility to agents.</li>
+<li><b>Component 3: derivations.</b> The third component is formed with derivations and derivation subtypes.</li>
+<li><b>Component 4: alternate.</b> The fourth component consists of relations linking entities referring to the same thing. </li>
+<li><b>Component 5: collections.</b> The fifth component is about collections and concepts capturing their transformation, such as insertion and removal. </li>
+<li><b>Component 6: annotations.</b> The sixth component is concerned with annotations to PROV-DM instances.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure style="max-width: 90%; ">
+<img usemap="#componentMap" src="images/components.png" alt="PROV-DM Components" style="max-width: 90%; " />
+<map id="componentMap" name="componentMap">
+<area title="collections" href="#component5" coords="220,0,440,70" alt="collections" shape="rect"/>
+<area title="alternate" href="#component4" coords="450,0,510,140" alt="alternate" shape="rect"/>
+<area title="annotations" href="#component6" coords="530,0,590,220" alt="annotations" shape="rect"/>
+<area title="activities/entities" href="#component1" coords="80,150,510,220" alt="activities/entities" shape="rect"/>
+<area title="derivations" href="#component3" coords="80,0,210,70" alt="derivations" shape="rect"/>
+<area title="agents/responsibility" href="#component2" coords="0,0,70,220" alt="agents/responsibility" shape="rect"/>
+</map>
+<figcaption id="prov-dm-components">Figure 4: PROV-DM Components</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+While not all PROV-DM relations are binary, they all involve two primary elements. Hence, <a href="#relations-at-a-glance">Table 3</a> indexes all relations according to their two primary elements. The table adopts the same color scheme as <a href="#prov-dm-components">Figure 4</a>, allowing components to be readily identified.
+Note that for simplicity, this table does not include collection-oriented relations.
+</p>
+
+<div id="relations-at-a-glance-div" style="text-align: center;">
+<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="relations-at-a-glance">Table 3: PROV-DM Relations At a Glance</caption>
+<tr><td></td><td>Entity</td><td>Activity</td><td>Agent</td><td>Note</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Entity</td><td><div class="component3-color"><a>wasDerivedFrom</a><br><a>wasRevisionOf</a><br><a>wasQuotedFrom</a><br><a>hadOriginalSource</a></div><div class="component4-color"><a>alternateOf</a><br><a>specializationOf</a></div></td><td class="component1-color"><a
+title="wasGeneratedBy">wasGeneratedBy</a><br><a
+title="wasInvalidatedBy">wasInvalidatedBy</a></td><td class="component2-color"><a>wasAttributedTo</a></td><td class="component6-color"><a>hasAnnotation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Activity</td><td><div class="component1-color"><a>used</a><br><a>wasStartedBy</a><br><a>wasEndedBy</a></div></td><td class="component1-color"><a>wasStartedByActivity</a><br><a>wasInformedBy</a></td><td class="component2-color"><a>wasAssociatedWith</a></td><td class="component6-color"><a>hasAnnotation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Agent</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td class="component2-color"><a>actedOnBehalfOf</a></td><td class="component6-color"><a>hasAnnotation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Note</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td class="component6-color"><a>hasAnnotation</a></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<p><a href="#prov-dm-types-and-relations">Table 4</a> is a complete index of all the types and relations of PROV-DM, color-coded according to the component they belong to. In the first column, concept names link to their informal definition, whereas, in the second column, representations link to the information used to represent the concept.</p>
+
+
+<div id="prov-dm-types-and-relations-fig" style="text-align: left;">
+<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="prov-dm-types-and-relations">Table 4: PROV-DM Types and Relations</caption>
+<tr><td><a><b>Type or Relation Name</b></a></td><td><b>Representation in the PROV-N notation</b></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>Entity</a></td><td><a title="dfn-Entity">entity(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>Activity</a></td><td><a title="dfn-Activity">activity(id, st, et, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>Generation</a></td><td><a title="wasGeneratedBy">wasGeneratedBy(id,e,a,t,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>Usage</a></td><td><a title="used">used(id,a,e,t,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>Start</a></td><td><a title="wasStartedBy">wasStartedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>End</a></td><td><a title="wasEndedBy">wasEndedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>Invalidation</a></td><td><a title="wasInvalidatedBy">wasInvalidatedBy(id,e,a,t,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>Communication</a></td><td><a title="wasInformedBy">wasInformedBy(id,a2,a1,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>Start by Activity</a></td><td><a title="wasStartedByActivity">wasStartedByActivity(id, a2, a1, attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component2-color"><td><a>Agent</a></td><td><a title="dfn-agent">agent(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component2-color"><td><a>Attribution</a></td><td><a title="wasAttributedTo">wasAttributedTo(id,e,ag,attr)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component2-color"><td><a>Association</a></td><td><a title="wasAssociatedWith">wasAssociatedWith(id,a,ag,pl,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component2-color"><td><a>Responsibility</a></td><td><a title="actedOnBehalfOf">actedOnBehalfOf(id,ag2,ag1,a,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td><a>Derivation</a></td><td><a title="wasDerivedFrom">wasDerivedFrom(id, e2, e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td><a>Revision</a></td><td><a title="wasRevisionOf">wasRevisionOf(id,e2,e1,ag,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td><a>Quotation</a></td><td><a title="wasQuotedFrom">wasQuotedFrom(id,e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td><a>Original Source</a></td><td><a title="hadOriginalSource">hadOriginalSource(id,e2,e1,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td><a>Trace</a></td><td><a title="tracedTo">tracedTo(id,e2,e1,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component4-color"><td><a>Alternate</a></td><td><a title="alternateOf">alternateOf(alt1, alt2)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component4-color"><td><a>Specialization</a></td><td><a title="specializationOf">specializationOf(sub, super)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component5-color"><td><a>Collection</a></td><td><a>Collection</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component5-color"><td><a>Dictionary</a></td><td><a>Dictionary</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component5-color"><td><a>Insertion</a></td><td><a title="derivedByInsertionFrom">derivedByInsertionFrom(id, c2, c1, {(key_1, e_1), ..., (key_n, e_n)}, attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component5-color"><td><a>Removal</a></td><td><a title="derivedByRemovalFrom">derivedByRemovalFrom(id, c2, c1, {key_1, ... key_n}, attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component5-color"><td><a>Membership</a></td><td><a title="memberOf">memberOf(c, {(key_1, e_1), ..., (key_n, e_n)})</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component6-color"><td><a>Note</a></td><td><a title="dfn-note">note(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component6-color"><td><a>Annotation</a></td><td><a title="hasAnnotation">hasAnnotation(r,n)</a></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+In the rest of the section, each type and relation is defined informally,
+ followed by a summary of the information used to represent the concept, and
+ illustrated with PROV-N examples.</p>
+
+
+<section id="component1">
+<h3>Component 1: Entities and Activities</h3>
+
+<p>The first component of PROV-DM is concerned with <a title="entity">entities</a> and <a title="activity">activities</a>, and their interrelations: <a>Usage</a>, <a>Generation</a>, <a>Start</a>, <a>End</a>, <a>Invalidation</a>, <a>Communication</a>, and <a>Start by Activity</a>. <a href="#figure-component1">Figure 5</a> uses UML to depict the first component, with two classes and binary associations between them. Associations are not just binary: indeed, <a>Usage</a>, <a>Generation</a>, <a>Start</a>, <a>End</a> also include <em>time</em> attributes.
+</p>
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<img src="images/Entities-Activities.png" alt="entities and activities"/>
+<figcaption id="figure-component1">Figure 5: Entities and Activities Component Overview</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <section id="term-Entity">
+
+<h4>Entity</h4>
+
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-entity"></div>
+
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-entity">An <dfn title="dfn-Entity" id="dfn-entity">entity</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-entity">entity(id, [attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-N, </span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="entity.id">id</span>: an identifier for an entity; </li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="entity.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs ((<span class="name">attr1</span>, <span class="name">val1</span>), ...) representing additional information about this entity.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following expression</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
+</pre>
+states the existence of an entity, denoted by identifier <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>, with type <span class="name">document</span> and version number <span class="name">2</span>. The attribute <span class="name">ex:version</span> is application specific, whereas the attribute <span
+class="name">type</span> (see <a href="#term-attribute-type">Section 4.7.4.4</a>) is reserved in the <a title="prov-namespace">PROV namespace</a>.
+<!--The following expression</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
+entity(e0, [ prov:type="File", ex:path="/shared/crime.txt", ex:creator="Alice" ])
+</pre>
+states the existence of an entity, denoted by identifier <span class="name">e0</span>, with type <span class="name">File</span> and path <span class="name">/shared/crime.txt</span> in the
+file system, and creator alice. The attributes <span class="name">path</span> and <span class="name">creator</span> are application specific, whereas the attribute <span
+class="name">type</span> is reserved in the PROV namespace.-->
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="term-Activity">
+
+<h3>Activity</h3>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-activity"></div>
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-activity"> An <dfn title="dfn-Activity" id="dfn-activity">activity</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-activity">activity(id, st, et, [attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="activity.id">id</span>: an identifier for an activity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="activity.startTime">startTime</span>: an OPTIONAL time (<span class="name">st</span>) for the start of the activity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="activity.endTime">endTime</span>: an OPTIONAL time (<span class="name">et</span>) for the end of the activity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="activity.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs ((<span class="name">attr1</span>, <span class="name">val1</span>), ...) representing additional information about this activity.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following expression</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(a1,2011-11-16T16:05:00,2011-11-16T16:06:00,
+ [ex:host="server.example.org",prov:type="ex:edit" %% xsd:QName])
+</pre>
+<p>states the existence of an activity with identifier <span class="name">a1</span>, start time <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:05:00</span>, and end time <span
+class="name">2011-11-16T16:06:00</span>, running on host <span class="name">server.example.org</span>, and of type <span class="name">edit</span>. The attribute <span class="name">host</span> is application specific (declared in some namespace with prefix <span class="name">ex</span>). The attribute <span
+class="name">type</span> is a reserved attribute of PROV-DM, allowing for sub-typing to be expressed (see <a href="#term-attribute-type">Section 4.7.4.4</a>).</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>Further considerations:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>An activity is not an entity. This distinction is similar to the distinction between
+'continuant' and 'occurrent' in logic [[Logic]].
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Generation">
+<h4>Generation</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-generation"></div>
+
+<p>
+<div class="attributes" id="attributes-generation"><dfn title="wasGeneratedBy">Generation</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasGeneratedBy(id,e,a,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="generation.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for a generation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="generation.entity">entity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e</span>) for a created entity; </li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="generation.activity">activity</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) for the activity that creates the entity;</li>
+
+<li><span class='attribute' id="generation.time">time</span>: an OPTIONAL "generation time" (<span class="name">t</span>), the time at which the entity was completely created;</li>
+
+<li><span class='attribute' id="generation.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this generation.</li>
+</ul></div>
+<p>While each of <span class='attribute'>activity</span>, <span class='attribute'>time</span>, and <span class='attribute'>attributes</span> is OPTIONAL, at least one of them MUST be present.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class='anexample'>
+<p>
+The following expressions</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ wasGeneratedBy(e1,a1, 2001-10-26T21:32:52, [ex:port="p1"])
+ wasGeneratedBy(e2,a1, 2001-10-26T10:00:00, [ex:port="p2"])
+</pre>
+<p>state the existence of two generations (with respective times <span class="name">2001-10-26T21:32:52</span> and <span
+class="name">2001-10-26T10:00:00</span>), at which new entities, identified by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, are created by an
+activity, identified by <span class="name">a1</span>.
+The first one is available on port <span class="name">p1</span>, whereas the other is available on port <span class="name">p2</span>. The semantics of <span class="name">port</span> are application specific.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class='anexample'>
+<p>
+In some cases, we may want to record the time at which an entity was generated without having to specify the activity that generated it. To support this requirement, the activity element in generation is optional. Hence, the following expression indicates the time at which an entity is generated, without naming the activity that did it.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ wasGeneratedBy(e,-,2001-10-26T21:32:52)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="term-Usage">
+<h3>Usage</h3>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-usage"></div>
+
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-usage"><dfn title="used">Usage</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">used(id,a,e,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="usage.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for a usage;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="usage.activity">activity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) for the consuming activity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="usage.entity">entity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e</span>) for the consumed entity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="usage.time">time</span>: an OPTIONAL "usage time" (<span class="name">t</span>), the time at which the entity started to be used;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="usage.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this usage.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+<p>
+A reference to a given entity MAY appear in multiple usages that share
+ a given activity identifier.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class='anexample'>
+<p>The following usages</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ used(a1,e1,2011-11-16T16:00:00,[ex:parameter="p1"])
+ used(a1,e2,2011-11-16T16:00:01,[ex:parameter="p2"])
+</pre>
+<p>state that the activity identified by <span class="name">a1</span> used two entities identified by <span
+class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, at times <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> and <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:01</span>, respectively; the first
+one was found as the value of parameter <span class="name">p1</span>, whereas the second was found as value of parameter <span class="name">p2</span>. The semantics of <span
+class="name">parameter</span> is application specific.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="term-Start">
+<h4>Start</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-start"></div>
+
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-start">An activity <dfn title="wasStartedBy">start</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasStartedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="start.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the activity start;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="start.activity">activity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) for the started activity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="start.trigger">trigger</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier (<span class="name">e</span>) for the entity triggering the activity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="start.time">time</span>: the OPTIONAL time (<span class="name">t</span>) at which the activity was started; </li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="start.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this activity start.
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following example contains the description of an activity <span class="name">a1</span> (a discussion), which was started at a specific time, and was triggered by an email message <span class="name">e1</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(e1,[prov:type="email message"])
+activity(a1,[prov:type="Discuss"])
+wasStartedBy(a1,e1,2011-11-16T16:05:00)
+</pre>
+Furthermore, if the message is also an input to the activity, this can be described as follows:
+<pre class="codeexample">
+used(a1,e1,-)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+In the following example, a race is started by a bang, and responsibility for this trigger is attributed to an agent
+ <span class="name">ex:Bob</span>.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(ex:foot_race)
+wasStartedBy(ex:foot_race,ex:bang,2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00)
+entity(ex:bang)
+agent(ex:Bob)
+wasAttributedTo(ex:bang,ex:Bob)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>The relations wasStartedBy and used are orthogonal, and thus need to be expressed independently, according to the situation being described.</p>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-End">
+<h4>End</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-end"></div>
+
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-end">An activity <dfn title="wasEndedBy">end</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasEndedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="end.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the activity end;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="end.activity">activity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) for the ended activity;
+<li><span class='attribute' id="end.trigger">trigger</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier (<span class="name">e</span>) for the entity triggering the activity ending;
+<li><span class='attribute' id="end.time">time</span>: the OPTIONAL time (<span class="name">t</span>) at which the activity was ended; </li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="end.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this activity end.
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following example is a description of an activity <span class="name">a1</span> (editing) that was ended following an approval document <span class="name">e1</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(e1,[prov:type="approval document"])
+activity(a1,[prov:type="Editing"])
+wasEndedBy(a1,e1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Invalidation">
+<h4>Invalidation</h4>
+
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-invalidation"></div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+Entities have a duration. Generation marks the beginning of an entity. An entity's lifetime can end for different reasons:</p>
+<ul>
+<li> an entity was destroyed: e.g. a painting was destroyed by fire; a Web page is taken out of a site;
+<li> an entity was consumed: e.g. Bob ate all his soup, Alice ran out of gas when driving to work;
+<li> an entity expires: e.g. a "buy one beer, get one free" offer is valid during happy hour (7-8pm);
+<li> an entity is time limited: e.g. the BBC news site on April 3rd, 2012;
+<li> an entity attribute is changing: e.g. the traffic light changed from green to red.
+</ul>
+<p>In the first two cases, the entity has physically disappeared after its termination: there is no more soup, or painting. In the last two cases, there may be an "offer voucher" that still exists, but it is no longer valid; likewise, on April 4th, the BBC news site still exists but it is not the same entity as BBC news Web site on April 3rd; or the traffic light became red and therefore is regarded as a different entity to the green light.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="attributes" id="attributes-invalidation"><dfn title="wasInvalidatedBy">Invalidation</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasInvalidatedBy(id,e,a,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for a invalidation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>entity</span>: an identifier for the invalidated entity; </li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>activity</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the activity that invalidated the entity;</li>
+
+<li><span class='attribute'>time</span>: an OPTIONAL "invalidation time", the time at which the entity began to be invalidated;</li>
+
+<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this invalidation.</li>
+</ul></div>
+<p>While each of <span class='attribute'>activity</span>, <span class='attribute'>time</span>, and <span class='attribute'>attributes</span> is OPTIONAL, at least one of them MUST be present.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-invalidation1">
+<p>
+The Painter, a Picasso painting, is known to have been destroyed in a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_artworks#20th_century">plane accident</a>.
+
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(ex:The-Painter)
+agent(ex:Picasso)
+wasAttributedTo(ex:The-Painter, ex:Picasso)
+activity(ex:crash)
+wasInvalidatedBy(ex:The-Painter, ex:crash, 1998-09-02, [ex:circumstances="plane accident"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-invalidation2">
+<p>
+The BBC news home page on 2012-04-03 <span class="name">ex:bbcNews2012-04-03</span>
+contained a reference to a given news item
+ <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-17595024">bbc:news/uk-17595024</a>,
+but the BBC news home page on the next day did not.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(ex:bbcNews2012-04-03)
+memberOf(ex:bbcNews2012-04-03,{("item1", bbc:news/uk-17595024)})
+wasGeneratedBy (ex:bbcNews2012-04-03,-,2012-04-03T00:00:01)
+wasInvalidatedBy(ex:bbcNews2012-04-03,-,2012-04-03T23:59:59)
+</pre>
+We refer to example <a href="#anexample-specialization">anexample-specialization</a> for further descriptions of the BBC Web site, and to Section <a>Membership</a> for a description of the relation <a>memberOf</a>.
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-invalidation3">
+<p>
+In this example, the "buy one beer, get one free" offer expired at the end of the happy hour.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour)
+wasAttributedTo(proprietor)
+wasInvalidatedBy(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour,
+ -,2012-03-10T18:00:00)
+</pre>
+<p>In contrast, in the following descriptions, Bob redeemed the offer 45 minutes before it expired, and got two beers.
+</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour)
+wasAttributedTo(proprietor)
+activity(redeemOffer)
+entity(twoBeers)
+
+wasAssociatedWith(redeemOffer,bob)
+used(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour,
+ redeemOffer, 2012-03-10T17:15:00)
+wasInvalidatedBy(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour,
+ redeemOffer, 2012-03-10T17:15:00)
+wasGeneratedBy(twoBeers,redeemOffer)
+</pre>
+<p>We see that the offer was both used to be converted into <span class="name">twoBeers</span> and invalidated by the <span class="name">redeemOffer</span> activity: in other words, the combined usage and invalidation indicate consumption of the offer.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="term-wasInformedBy">
+<h3>Communication</h3>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-communication"></div>
+
+
+<p>A communication implies that activity <span class="name">a2</span> is dependent on another <span class="name">a1</span>, by way of some unspecified entity that is generated by <span class="name">a1</span> and used by <span class="name">a2</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-wasInformedBy">
+A <dfn title="wasInformedBy">communication</dfn><span class="withPn">, written as
+<span class="pnExpression">wasInformedBy(id,a2,a1,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="wasInformedBy.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="wasInformedBy.informed">informed</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">a2</span>) of the informed activity;
+<li><span class='attribute' id="wasInformedBy.informant">informant</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">a1</span>) of the informant activity;
+<li><span class='attribute' id="wasInformedBy.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this communication.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+Consider two activities <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>, the former performed by a government agency, and the latter by a driver caught speeding.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(a1, [prov:type="traffic regulations enforcing"])
+activity(a2, [prov:type="fine paying, check writing, and mailing"])
+wasInformedBy(a2,a1)
+</pre>
+The last line indicates that some implicit entity was generated by <span class="name">a1</span> and used by <span class="name">a2</span>; this entity may be a traffic ticket that had a notice of fine, amount, and payment mailing details.
+</div>
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-wasStartedByActivity">
+<h3>Start by Activity</h3>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-startByActivity"></div>
+
+
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-startByActivity">
+A <dfn title="wasStartedByActivity">start by activity</dfn><span class="withPn">, written as
+<span class="pnExpression">wasStartedByActivity(id, a2, a1, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="startByActivity.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier of the relation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="startByActivity.started">started</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">a2</span>) of the started activity;
+<li><span class='attribute' id="startByActivity.starter">starter</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">a1</span>) of the activity that started the other;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="startByActivity.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this start by activity.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+Suppose activities <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> are computer processes that are executed on different hosts, and that <span class="name">a1</span> started <span class="name">a2</span>. This can be expressed as in the following fragment:</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(a1,t1,t2,[ex:host="server1.example.org",prov:type="workflow"])
+activity(a2,t3,t4,[ex:host="server2.example.org",prov:type="subworkflow"])
+wasStartedByActivity(a2,a1)
+</pre>
+It is assumed that the activities <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> are of type "workflow" and "subworkflow", respectively; the latter was started by the former.
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="component2">
+<h3>Component 2: Agents and Responsibility</h3>
+
+<p>The second component of PROV-DM is concerned with <a title="agent">agents</a> and the notions of
+<a>Attribution</a>, <a>Association</a>, <a>Responsibility</a>, relating agents to entities, activities, and agents, respectively.
+Figure <a href="#figure-component2">figure-component2</a> depicts the second component with four classes (Entity, Activity, Agent, and Plan) and associations between them. UML association classes are used to express n-ary relations.
+</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<img src="images/Agents-Responsibility.png" alt="agents and responsibilities"/>
+<figcaption id="figure-component2">Figure 6: Agents and Responsibilities Component Overview</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+<section id="term-Agent">
+<h3>Agent</h3>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-agent"></div>
+
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-agent">An <dfn title="dfn-agent" id="dfn-agent">agent</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-agent">agent(id, [attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="agent.id">id</span>: an identifier for an agent;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="agent.attributes">attributes</span>: a set of attribute-value pairs ((<span class="name">attr1</span>, <span class="name">val1</span>), ...) representing additional information about this agent.
+</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+
+<p>
+
+It is useful to define some basic categories of agents from an interoperability perspective.
+There are three types of agents that are common across most anticipated domains of use; It is acknowledged that these types do not cover all kinds of agent. </p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="name">SoftwareAgent</span>
+<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-software-agent"></div>
+
+<p></li>
+
+<li><span class="name">Organization</span>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-organization"></div>
+
+<p></li>
+
+<li><span class="name">Person</span>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-person"></div></li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following expression is about an agent identified by <span class="name">e1</span>, which is a person, named Alice, with employee number 1234.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+agent(e1, [ex:employee="1234", ex:name="Alice", prov:type="prov:Person" %% xsd:QName])
+</pre>
+<p>It is optional to specify the type of an agent. When present, it is expressed using the <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute.</p>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-attribution">
+<h3>Attribution</h3>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-attribution"></div>
+
+<p>When an entity <span class="name">e</span> is attributed to agent <span class="name">ag</span>, entity <span class="name">e</span> was generated by some unspecified activity that in turn was associated to agent <span class="name">ag</span>. Thus, this relation is useful when the activity is not known, or irrelevant.</p>
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-attribution">An <dfn title="wasAttributedTo">attribution</dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasAttributedTo(id,e,ag,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="attribution.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the relation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="attribution.entity">entity</span>: an entity identifier (<span class="name">e</span>);</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="attribution.agent">agent</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">ag</span>) of the agent whom the entity is ascribed to;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="attribution.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this attribution.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-attribution">
+<p>
+Revisiting the example of <a href="#section-example-one">Section 3.1</a>,
+we can ascribe <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> to some agents without an explicit activity. The reserved attribute <span class="name">role</span> (see <a href="#term-attribute-role">Section 4.7.4.3</a>) allows for role of the agent in the attribution to be specified.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+agent(ex:Paolo, [ prov:type="Person" ])
+agent(ex:Simon, [ prov:type="Person" ])
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="process:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+wasAttributedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:Paolo, [prov:role="editor"])
+wasAttributedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:Simon, [prov:role="contributor"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</section> <!-- end attribution -->
+
+
+<section id="term-ActivityAssociation">
+<h4>Association</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-activityAssociation"></div>
+
+<p></p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-plan"></div>
+
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-activity-association">An <dfn title="wasAssociatedWith">activity association</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasAssociatedWith(id,a,ag,pl,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="association.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the association between an activity and an agent;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="association.activity">activity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) for the activity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="association.agent">agent</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier (<span class="name">ag</span>) for the agent associated with the activity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="association.plan">plan</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier (<span class="name">pl</span>) for the plan adopted by the agent in the context of this activity;
+<li><span class='attribute' id="association.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this association of this activity with this agent.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-wasAssociateWith">
+<p>In the following example, a designer and an operator agents are associated with an activity. The designer's goals are achieved by a workflow <span class="name">ex:wf</span>, described as an an entity of type <span class="name"><a>plan</a></span>. </p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(ex:a, [prov:type="workflow execution"])
+agent(ex:ag1, [prov:type="operator"])
+agent(ex:ag2, [prov:type="designer"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a, ex:ag1, -, [prov:role="loggedInUser", ex:how="webapp"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a, ex:ag2, ex:wf,[prov:role="designer", ex:context="project1"])
+entity(ex:wf, [prov:type="prov:Plan" %% xsd:QName, ex:label="Workflow 1",
+ ex:url="http://example.org/workflow1.bpel" %% xsd:anyURI])
+</pre>
+Since the workflow <span class="name">ex:wf</span> is itself an entity, its provenance can also be expressed in PROV-DM: it can be generated by some activity and derived from other entities,
+for instance.
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-wasAssociateWith-2">
+<p>In some cases, one wants to indicate a plan was followed, without having to specify which agent was involved.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(ex:a,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a,-,ex:wf)
+entity(ex:wf,[prov:type="prov:Plan"%% xsd:QName, ex:label="Workflow 1",
+ ex:url="http://example.org/workflow1.bpel" %% xsd:anyURI])
+</pre>
+In this case, it is assumed that an agent exists, but it has not been specified.
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section> <!-- end wasAssociatedWith -->
+
+<section id="term-responsibility">
+
+<h4>Responsibility</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-responsibility"></div>
+
+<p>PROV offers a mild version of responsibility
+in the form of a relation to represent when an agent acted on another
+agent's behalf. So for example someone running a mail program,
+the program and the person are both
+agents of the activity; furthermore, the mail software
+agent is running on the person's behalf. In another example, the
+student acted on behalf of his supervisor, who acted on behalf of the
+department chair, who acted on behalf of the university; all those
+agents are responsible in some way for the activity that took place but
+we do not say explicitly who bears responsibility and to what
+degree. </p>
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="attributes" id="attributes-responsibility">
+A <dfn title="actedOnBehalfOf">responsibility</dfn> link<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">actedOnBehalfOf(id,ag2,ag1,a,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="responsibility.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the responsibility link between subordinate and responsible;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="responsibility.subordinate">subordinate</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">ag2</span>) for the agent associated with an activity, acting on behalf of the responsible
+agent;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="responsibility.responsible">responsible</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">ag1</span>) for the agent, on behalf of which the subordinate agent acted;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="responsibility.activity">activity</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) of an activity for which the responsibility link holds;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="responsibility.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this responsibility link.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following fragment describes three agents: a programmer, a researcher, and a funder. The programmer and researcher are associated with a workflow activity. The programmer acts on behalf
+of the researcher (delegation) encoding the commands specified by the researcher; the researcher acts on behalf of the funder, who has a contractual agreement with the researcher. The terms
+'delegation' and 'contact' used in this example are domain specific.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(a,[prov:type="workflow"])
+agent(ag1,[prov:type="programmer"])
+agent(ag2,[prov:type="researcher"])
+agent(ag3,[prov:type="funder"])
+wasAssociatedWith(a,ag1,[prov:role="loggedInUser"])
+wasAssociatedWith(a,ag2)
+wasAssociatedWith(a,ag3)
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag1,ag2,a,[prov:type="delegation"])
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag2,ag3,a,[prov:type="contract"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<!-- too strong, move to part 2.
+<p>Further considerations:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>If an activity is not specified, then the subordinate agent is considered to act on behalf of
+the responsible agent, in all the activities the subordinate agent is associated with.
+</li>
+</ul>
+-->
+</section>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="component3">
+<h3>Component 3: Derivations</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>The third component of PROV-DM is concerned with <a title="derivation">derivations</a> of <a title="entity">entities</a> from others, and derivation subtypes <a>Revision</a>, <a>Quotation</a>, <a>Original Source</a>, and <a>Trace</a>.
+Figure <a href="#figure-component3">figure-component3</a> depicts the third component with three classes (Entity, Activity, and Agent) and associations between them. UML association classes express n-ary relations.
+</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<img src="images/Derivation.png" alt="derivation"/>
+<figcaption id="figure-component3">Figure 7: Derivation Component Overview</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+<section id="Derivation-Relation">
+<h4>Derivation</h4>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-derivation"></div>
+
+
+
+
+<p>According to <a href="#starting-points">Section 2</a>, for an entity to be transformed from, created from, or resulting from an update to another, there must be some
+underpinning activities performing the necessary actions resulting in such a derivation.
+A derivation can be described at various levels of precision. In its simplest form, derivation relates two entities. Optionally, attributes can be added to represent further information about the derivation. If the derivation is the result of a single known activity, then this activity can also be optionally expressed. To provide a completely accurate description of the derivation, the generation and usage of the generated and used entities, respectively, can be provided. Optional information such as activity, generation, and usage can be linked to derivations to aid analysis of provenance and to facilitate provenance-based reproducibility. </p>
+
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-derivation">A <dfn title="wasDerivedFrom">derivation</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-wasDerivedFrom">wasDerivedFrom(id, e2, e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="derivation.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for a derivation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="derivation.generatedEntity">generatedEntity</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">ee</span>) of the entity generated by the derivation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="derivation.usedEntity">usedEntity</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">e1</span>) of the entity used by the derivation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="derivation.activity">activity</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) for the activity using and generating the above entities;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="derivation.generation">generation</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier (<span class="name">g2</span>) for the generation involving the generated entity and activity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="derivation.usage">usage</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier (<span class="name">u1</span>) for the usage involving the used entity and activity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="derivation.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this derivation.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following descriptions are about derivations between <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span>, but no information is provided as to the identity of the activity (and usage and generation) underpinning the derivation. In the second line, a type attribute is also provided.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, [prov:type="physical transform"])
+</pre>
+<p>The following description expresses that activity <span class="name">a</span>,
+using the entity <span class="name">e1</span> according to usage <span class="name">u1</span>,
+ derived the
+entity <span class="name">e2</span> and generated it according to generation
+ <span class="name">g2</span>. It is followed by descriptions for generation <span class="name">g2</span> and usage <span class="name">u1</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+wasGeneratedBy(g2, e2, a, -)
+used(u1, a, e1, -)
+</pre>
+<p>With such a comprehensive description of derivation, a program that analyzes provenance can identify the activity underpinning the derivation, it can identify how the original entity <span class="name">e1</span> was used by the activity (e.g. for instance, which argument it was passed as, if the activity is the result of a function invocation), and which output the derived entity <span class="name">e2</span> was obtained from (say, for a function returning multiple results).</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Revision">
+<h3>Revision</h3>
+
+<p><span class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-revision"></span></p>
+
+<p> Deciding whether something is made available as a revision of something else usually involves an agent who takes responsibility for approving that the former is a due variant of the latter.
+ The agent who is responsible for the revision may optionally be specified.
+ Revision is a particular case of <a>derivation</a> of an entity into its revised version.</p>
+
+<p> A <dfn title="wasRevisionOf">revision</dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasRevisionOf(id,e2,e1,ag,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="revision.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the relation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="revision.newer">newer</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">e2</span>) of the revised entity;
+<li><span class='attribute' id="revision.older">older</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">e1</span>) of the older entity;
+<li><span class='attribute' id="revision.responsibility">responsibility</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier (<span class="name">ag</span>) for the agent who approved the newer entity as a variant of the older;
+<li><span class='attribute' id="revision.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this relation.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-revision">
+<p>
+Revisiting the example of <a href="#section-example-two">Section 3.2</a>,
+we can now state that the report
+ <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is a revision of
+ the report <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</span>, approved by
+agent <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="process:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, [ prov:type="process:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+wasRevisionOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, w3:Consortium)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+</section> <!-- end revision -->
+
+<section id="term-quotation">
+<h3>Quotation</h3>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-quotation"></span>
+</p>
+
+<p>Quotation
+ is a particular case of <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> in which entity <span class="name">e2</span> is derived from an original entity <span class="name">e1</span> by copying, or "quoting", some or all of it.
+ A <dfn title="wasQuotedFrom">quotation</dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasQuotedFrom(id,e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="quotation.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the relation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="quotation.quote">quote</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e2</span>) for the entity that represents the quote (the partial copy);
+<li><span class='attribute' id="quotation.original">original</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e1</span>) for the original entity being quoted;
+<li><span class='attribute' id="quotation.quoterAgent">quoterAgent</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier (<span class="name">ag2</span>) for the agent who performs the quote;
+<li><span class='attribute' id="quotation.originalAgent">originalAgent</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier (<span class="name">ag1</span>) for the agent to whom the original entity is attributed;
+<li><span class='attribute' id="quotation.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this relation.</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-quotation">
+<p>
+The following paragraph is a quote from one of <a href="http://thinklinks.wordpress.com/2012/03/07/thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/">the author's blogs</a>.
+<blockquote id="bl-dagstuhl"><em>
+"During the workshop, it became clear to me that the consensus based models (which are often graphical in nature) can not only be formalized but also be directly connected to these database focused formalizations. I just needed to get over the differences in syntax. This could imply that we could have nice way to trace provenance across systems and through databases and be able to understand the mathematical properties of this interconnection."</em>
+</blockquote>
+<p>If <a href="http://thinklinks.wordpress.com/2012/03/07/thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/"><span class="name">wp:thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/</span></a> denotes the original blog by agent <span class="name">ex:Paul</span>, and
+ <a href="#bl-dagstuhl"><span class="name">dm:bl-dagstuhl</span></a> denotes the above paragraph, then the following descriptions express that the above paragraph is copied by agent <span class="name">ex:Luc</span> from a part of the blog, attributed to the agent <span class="name">ex:Paul</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(wp:thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/)
+agent(ex:Luc)
+agent(ex:Paul)
+wasQuotedFrom(dm:bl-dagstuhl,wp:thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/,ex:Luc,ex:Paul)
+</pre>
+
+</div>
+
+
+</section> <!-- end quotation -->
+
+
+<section id="term-original-source">
+<h3>Original Source</h3>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-original-source"></span>
+</p>
+
+<p>An <dfn>original source</dfn> relation is a particular case of <a>derivation</a>
+that aims to give
+credit to the source that originated some information. It is recognized that it may be
+hard to determine which entity constitutes an original source. This definition is inspired by
+<span class="name">original-source</span> as defined in
+<a href="http://googlenewsblog.blogspot.com/2010/11/credit-where-credit-is-due.html">http://googlenewsblog.blogspot.com/2010/11/credit-where-credit-is-due.html</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p> An <dfn title="hadOriginalSource">original source</dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">hadOriginalSource(id,e2,e1,attrs)</span>,</span> has:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="originalSource.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the relation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="originalSource.derived">derived</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e2</span>) for the derived entity; </li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="originalSource.source">source</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e1</span>) for the original source entity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="originalSource.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this relation.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+Let us consider the concept introduced in the current section, identified as <a href="#concept-original-source"><span class="name">dm:concept-original-source</span></a>, and
+the Google page <a href="http://googlenewsblog.blogspot.com/2010/11/credit-where-credit-is-due.html"><span class="name">go:credit-where-credit-is-due.html</span></a>, where the notion original-source was originally described (to the knowledge of the authors).
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(dm:concept-original-source)
+entity(go:credit-where-credit-is-due.html)
+hadOriginalSource(dm:concept-original-source,go:credit-where-credit-is-due.html)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section> <!-- end original source -->
+
+<section id="term-trace">
+<h3>Trace</h3>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-trace"></span>
+</p>
+
+
+<p> A trace relation between two entities <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span> is a generic dependency of <span class="name">e2</span>
+on <span class="name">e1</span> that indicates either that <span class="name">e1</span> may have been necessary for <span class="name">e2</span> to be created, or that <span class="name">e1</span> bears
+some responsibility for <span class="name">e2</span>'s existence.
+
+
+<p>A <dfn title="tracedTo">Trace</dfn> relation <span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">tracedTo(id,e2,e1,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="trace.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="trace.entity">entity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e2</span>) for an entity;
+<li><span class='attribute' id="trace.ancestor">ancestor</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e1</span>) for an ancestor entity that the former depends on;
+<li><span class='attribute' id="trace.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this relation.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>We note that the ancestor is allowed to be an agent since agents are entities. </p>
+
+<p>
+<a>Derivation</a> and <a>attribution</a> are particular cases of trace.
+</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>We refer to the example of <a href="#section-example-two">Section 3.1</a>, and specifically to <a href="#prov-a-document2">Figure 3</a>. We can see that there is a path from
+<span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> to
+<span class="name">w3:Consortium</span> and to
+<span class="name">process:rec-advance</span>. This is expressed as follows.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ tracedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,w3:Consortium)
+ tracedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,process:rec-advance)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="component4">
+<h3>Component 4: Alternate Entities</h3>
+
+
+<p>The fourth component of PROV-DM is concerned with
+relations <a>specialization</a> and <a>alternate</a> between entities.
+Figure <a href="#figure-component4">figure-component4</a> depicts
+the fourth component with a single class and two associations.
+</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<img src="images/Alternates.png" alt="alternates"/>
+<figcaption id="figure-component4">Figure 8: Alternates Component Overview</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>Wherever two people describe the provenance of a same thing,
+one cannot expect them to coordinate and agree on the identifiers to use to denote that thing.</p>
+<div class="anexample" id="entity-example1">
+<p>User Alice writes an article. In its provenance, she wishes to refer to the precise version of the article with a date-specific URI, as she might edit the article later. Alternatively, user Bob refers to the article in general, independently of its variants over time.</p>
+</div>
+<p>
+To allow for identifiers to be chosen freely and independently by each user, the PROV data model introduces relations
+that allow entities to be linked together.
+The following two relations are introduced for expressing specialized or alternate entities. </p>
+
+
+<section id="term-specialization">
+
+<h4>Specialization</h4>
+
+
+<span class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-specialization"></span>
+
+
+<p>
+Examples of constraints include a time period, an abstraction, and a context associated with the entity.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="attributes" id="attributes-specialization">A <dfn title="specializationOf">specialization</dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">specializationOf(sub, super)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="specialization.specializedEntity">specializedEntity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">sub</span>) of the specialized entity;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="specialization.generalEntity">generalEntity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">super</span>) of the entity that is being specialized.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-specialization">
+<p>
+The BBC news home page on 2012-03-23 <span class="name">ex:bbcNews2012-03-23</span>
+is a specialization of the BBC news page in general
+ <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/">bbc:news/</a>. This can be expressed as follows.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+specializationOf(ex:bbcNews2012-03-23, bbc:news/)
+</pre>
+We have created a new qualified name, <span class="name">ex:bbcNews2012-03-23</span>, in the namespace <span class="name">ex</span>, to identify the specific page carrying this day's news, which would otherwise be the generic <span class="name">bbc:news/</span> page.
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<!--
+<p>To promote take up of these relations, it is not specified whether they are transitive or symmetric. We anticipate that applications will specialize these relations according to their needs. </p>
+-->
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-alternate">
+
+<h4>Alternate</h4>
+
+
+<span class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-alternate"></span>
+
+
+
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-alternate">An <dfn title="alternateOf">alternate</dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">alternateOf(e1, e2)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="alternate.alternate1">alternate1</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e1</span>) of the first of the two entities;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="alternate.alternate2">alternate2</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e2</span>) of the second of the two entities.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-alternate">
+<p>
+A given news item on the BBC News site
+ <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17526723">bbc:news/science-environment-17526723</a> for desktop
+is an alternate of a
+ <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/mobile/science-environment-17526723">bbc:news/mobile/science-environment-17526723</a> for mobile devices.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(bbc:news/science-environment-17526723, [ prov:type="a news item for desktop"])
+entity(bbc:news/mobile/science-environment-17526723, [ prov:type="a news item for mobile devices"])
+alternateOf(bbc:news/science-environment-17526723, bbc:news/mobile/science-environment-17526723)
+</pre>
+<p>They are both specialization of an (unspecified) entity. </p>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-alternate2">
+<p>
+Considering again the two versions of the technical report <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> (second working draft) and <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span> (first working draft). They are alternate of each other.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018)
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215)
+alternateOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018,tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215)
+</pre>
+<p>They are both specialization of the page <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="component5">
+<h3>Component 5: Collections</h3>
+
+<p>The fifth component of PROV-DM is concerned with the notion of collections.
+A collection is an entity that has some members. The members are themselves entities, and therefore their provenance can be expressed. Some applications need to be able to express the provenance of the collection itself: e.g. who maintains the collection, which members it contains as it evolves, and how it was assembled. The purpose of Component 5 is to define the types and relations that are useful to express the provenance of collections. In PROV, the concept of Collection is implemented by means of dictionaries, which we introduce in this section. </p>
+
+<p>Figure <a href="#figure-component5">figure-component5</a> depicts
+the fifth component with four new classes and three associations.
+</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<img src="images/Dictionaries.png" alt="dictionaries"/>
+<figcaption id="figure-component5">Figure 9: Collections Component Overview</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>The intent of these relations and types is to express the <em>history of changes that occurred to a collection</em>.
+Changes to collections are about the insertion of entities in collections and the removal of members from collections.
+Indirectly, such history provides a way to reconstruct the contents of a collection.</p>
+
+<section id="term-collection">
+<h3>Collection</h3>
+
+<span class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-collection"></span>
+
+<p>In PROV, the concept of Collection is provided as an extensibility point for other kinds of collections. Collections are implemented by means of dictionaries, which are introduced next. </p>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-dictinonary">
+<h3>Dictionary</h3>
+
+
+<p>PROV-DM defines a specific type of collection: a dictionary, specified as follows.</p>
+
+
+<span class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-dictionary"></span>
+
+<p>Conceptually, a dictionary has a logical structure consisting of key-entity pairs. This structure is often referred to as a <em>map</em>, and is a generic indexing mechanism that can abstract commonly used data structures, including associative lists (also known as "dictionaries" in some programming languages), relational tables, ordered lists, and more. The specification of such specialized structures in terms of key-value pairs is out of the scope of this document.</p>
+
+<p>A given dictionary forms a given structure for its members. A different structure (obtained either by insertion or removal of members) constitutes a different dictionary. Hence,
+ for the purpose of provenance, a dictionary entity is viewed as a snapshot of a structure. Insertion and removal operations result in new snapshots, each snapshot forming an identifiable dictionary entity.</p>
+
+
+<p>PROV-DM defines the following types related to dictionaries:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li> <span class="name">prov:Dictionary</span> denotes an entity of type dictionary, i.e. an entity that can participate in relations amongst dictionaries;
+
+ <li><span class="name">prov:EmptyDictionary</span> denotes an empty dictionary.
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+
+<!--
+In addition, the attribute <span class="name">prov:content</span> is introduced to allow the explicit specification of the dictionary's content. The example below illustrates the syntax.
+-->
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(d0, [prov:type="prov:EmptyDictionary" %% xsd:QName]) // d0 is an empty dictionary
+entity(d1, [prov:type="prov:Dictionary" %% xsd:QName]) // d1 is a dictionary, with unknown content
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+</section> <!-- end of dictionary-types -->
+
+
+<section id="term-dictionary-insertion">
+<h3>Insertion</h3>
+
+<span class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-insertion"></span>
+
+
+
+
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-derivedByInsertionFrom">
+<p>An <dfn title="derivedByInsertionFrom">Insertion</dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">derivedByInsertionFrom(id, d2, d1, {(key_1, e_1), ..., (key_n, e_n)}, attrs)</span>,</span> has:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="derivedByInsertionFrom.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="derivedByInsertionFrom.after">after</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">d2</span>) for the dictionary <em>after</em> insertion; </li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="derivedByInsertionFrom.before">before</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">d1</span>) for the dictionary <em>before</em> insertion;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="derivedByInsertionFrom.key-entity-set">key-entity-set</span>: the inserted key-entity pairs <span class="name">(key_1, e_1)</span>, ..., <span class="name">(key_n, e_n)</span> in which each <span class="name">key_i</span> is a <a>value</a>, and <span class="name">e_i</span> is an identifier for the entity that has been inserted with the key;
+ each <span class="name">key_i</span> is expected to be unique for the key-entity-set;
+</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="derivedByInsertionFrom.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this relation.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+An Insertion relation <span class="name">derivedByInsertionFrom(id, d2, d1, {(key_1, e_1), ..., (key_n, e_n)})</span> states that <span class="name">d2</span> is the state of the dictionary
+following the insertion of pairs <span class="name">(key_1, e_1)</span>, ..., <span class="name">(key_n, e_n)</span> into dictionary <span class="name">d1</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(d0, [prov:type="prov:EmptyDictionary" %% xsd:QName]) // d0 is an empty dictionary
+entity(e1)
+entity(e2)
+entity(e3)
+entity(d1, [prov:type="prov:Dictionary" %% xsd:QName])
+entity(d2, [prov:type="prov:Dictionary" %% xsd:QName])
+
+derivedByInsertionFrom(d1, d0, {("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)})
+derivedByInsertionFrom(d2, d1, {("k3", e3)})
+</pre>
+From this set of descriptions, we conclude:
+<ul>
+<li> <span class="name">d0</span> is the set <span class="name">{ }</span>
+<li> <span class="name">d1</span> is the set <span class="name">{ ("k1", e1), ("k2", e2) }</span>
+<li> <span class="name">d2</span> is the set <span class="name">{ ("k1", e1), ("k2", e2), ("k3", e3) }</span>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<p>Insertion provides an "update semantics" for the keys that are already present in a dictionary,
+since a new pair replaces an existing pair with the same key in the new dictionary. This is illustrated by the following example.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(d0, [prov:type="prov:EmptyDictionary" %% xsd:QName]) // d0 is an empty dictionary
+entity(e1)
+entity(e2)
+entity(e3)
+entity(d1, [prov:type="prov:Dictionary" %% xsd:QName])
+entity(d2, [prov:type="prov:Dictionary" %% xsd:QName])
+
+derivedByInsertionFrom(d1, d0, {("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)})
+derivedByInsertionFrom(d2, d1, {("k1", e3)})
+</pre>
+ This is a case of <em>update</em> of <span class="name">e1</span> to <span class="name">e3</span> for the same key, <span class="name">"k1"</span>. <br/>
+ From this set of descriptions, we conclude:
+<ul>
+<li> <span class="name">d0</span> is the set <span class="name">{ }</span>
+<li> <span class="name">d1</span> is the set <span class="name">{ ("k1", e1), ("k2", e2) }</span>
+<li> <span class="name">d2</span> is the set <span class="name">{ ("k1", e3), ("k2", e2) }</span>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+</section> <!-- insertion -->
+
+
+<section id="term-dictionary-removal">
+<h3>Removal</h3>
+
+<span class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-removal"></span>
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="attributes" id="attributes-derivedByRemovalFrom">
+<p> A <dfn title="derivedByRemovalFrom">Removal</dfn> relation, written <span class="pnExpression">derivedByRemovalFrom(id, d2, d1, {key_1, ... key_n}, attrs)</span>, has:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="derivedByRemovalFrom.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="derivedByRemovalFrom.after">after</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">d2</span>) for the dictionary <em>after</em> the deletion; </li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="derivedByRemovalFrom.before">before</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">d1</span>) for the dictionary <em>before</em> the deletion;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="derivedByRemovalFrom.key-set">key-set</span>: a set of deleted keys <span class="name">key_1</span>, ..., <span class="name">key_n</span>, for which each <span class="name">key_i</span> is a <a>value</a>;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="derivedByRemovalFrom.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this relation.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<p>A Removal relation <span class="name">derivedByRemovalFrom(id, d2,d1, {key_1, ..., key_n})</span> states that <span class="name">d2</span> is the state of the dictionary following the removal of the set of pairs corresponding to keys <span class="name">key_1...key_n</span> from <span class="name">d1</span>.
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(d0, [prov:type="prov:EmptyDictionary"]) // d0 is an empty dictionary
+entity(e1)
+entity(e2)
+entity(e3)
+entity(d1, [prov:type="prov:Dictionary"])
+entity(d2, [prov:type="prov:Dictionary"])
+
+derivedByInsertionFrom(d1, d0, {("k1", e1), ("k2",e2)})
+derivedByInsertionFrom(d2, d1, {("k3", e3)})
+derivedByRemovalFrom(d3, d2, {"k1", "k3"})
+</pre>
+From this set of descriptions, we conclude:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="name">d0</span> is the set <span class="name">{ }</span>
+<li><span class="name">d1</span> is the set <span class="name">{ ("k1", e1), ("k2", e2) }</span>
+<li><span class="name">d2</span> is the set <span class="name">{ ("k1", e1), ("k2", e2), ("k3", e3) }</span>
+<li><span class="name">d3</span> is the set <span class="name">{ ("k2", e2) }</span>
+</ul>
+
+
+</div>
+
+</section> <!-- removal -->
+
+
+<section id="term-dictionary-membership">
+<h3>Membership</h3>
+
+
+<span class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-membership"></span>
+
+<p>
+The insertion and removal relations make insertions and removals explicit as part of the history of a dictionary. This, however, requires explicit mention of the state of the dictionary prior to each operation. The membership relation removes this needs, allowing the state of a dictionary <span class="name">c</span> to be expressed without having to introduce a prior state.</p>
+
+<p>
+<div class="attributes" id="attributes-memberOf">
+ A <dfn title="memberOf">membership</dfn> relation, written <span class="pnExpression">memberOf(id, c, {(key_1, e_1), ..., (key_n, e_n)}, cplt, attrs)</span>, has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="memberOf.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="memberOf.after">after</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">c</span>) for the dictionary whose members are asserted; </li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="memberOf.key-entity-set">key-entity-set</span>: a set of key-entity pairs <span class="name">(key_1, e_1)</span>, ..., <span class="name">(key_n, e_n)</span> that are members of the dictionary;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="memberOf.complete">complete</span>: an OPTIONAL boolean
+<a title="value">Value</a> (<span class="name">cplt</span>); if true, it indicates that no other member belongs to the dictionary; if false, it indicates that other members belong to the dictionary; if unspecified, other members MAY belong to the dictionary.
+<li><span class='attribute' id="memberOf.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this relation.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<p>The description <span class="name">memberOf(c, {(key_1, e_1), ..., (key_n, e_n)})</span> states that <span class="name">c</span> is known to include <span class="name">(key_1, e_1)</span>, ..., <span class="name">(key_n, e_n)}</span>, without having to introduce a previous state. </p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(d1, [prov:type="prov:Dictionary" %% xsd:QName]) // d1 is a dictionary, with unknown content
+entity(d2, [prov:type="prov:Dictionary" %% xsd:QName]) // d2 is a dictionary, with unknown content
+
+entity(e1)
+entity(e2)
+
+memberOf(d1, {("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)} )
+memberOf(d2, {("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)}, true)
+
+entity(e3)
+entity(d3, [prov:type="prov:Dictionary" %% xsd:QName])
+
+derivedByInsertionFrom(d3, d1, {("k3", e3)})
+</pre>
+From these descriptions, we conclude:
+<ul>
+<li> <span class="name">d1</span> has the following pairs as members: <span class="name">("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)</span>, and may contain others.
+<li> <span class="name">d2</span> exactly has the following pairs as members: <span class="name">("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)</span>, and does not contain any other.
+<li> <span class="name">d3</span> has the following pairs as members: <span class="name">("k1", e1), ("k2", e2), ("k3", v3)</span>, and may contain others.
+</ul>
+<p> Thus, the states of <span class="name">d1</span> and <span class="name">d3</span> are only partially known.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- To go to part 2
+
+
+ Note that the following one cannot have at the same time an empty dictionary and membership relations for it, i.e., the following example is invalid:
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ <span class="name"> entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyDictionary"])</span>
+ memberOf(c, {("k1", e1), ("k2", v2)} )
+ </pre>
+
+
+-->
+
+</section> <!-- Membership -->
+
+
+
+<p>Further considerations: </p>
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>The state of a dictionary (i.e., the set of key-entity pairs it contains) at a given point in a sequence of operations is never stated explicitly. Rather, it can be obtained by querying the chain of derivations involving insertions and removals. Entity type <span class="name">emptyDictionary</span> can be used in this context as it marks the start of a sequence of dictionary operations.</li>
+
+
+<li>The representation of a dictionary through these relations makes no assumption regarding the underlying data structure used to store and manage dictionaries. In particular, no assumptions are needed regarding the mutability of a data structure that is subject to updates. Entities, however, are immutable and this applies to those entities that represent dictionaries. This is reflected in the constraints listed in [[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]]. </li>
+</ul>
+
+
+</section> <!-- end dictionaries-->
+
+
+<section id="component6">
+<h3>Component 6: Annotations</h3>
+
+<p>The sixth component of PROV-DM is concerned with <a title="note">notes</a> and <a title="annotation">annotations</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>As provenance descriptions are exchanged between systems, it may be useful for a third party to add extra information to what they are describing. For instance, a "trust service" may add value-judgements about the
+trustworthiness of some of the entities or agents occurring in provenance records it is given access to. Likewise, an interactive visualization component may want to enrich an existing set of provenance descriptions with information helping reproduce their
+visual representation. To help with interoperability, PROV-DM introduces a simple annotation mechanism allowing anything that is identifiable to be associated with notes.
+For this, a type and and a relation are introduced.</p>
+
+
+<p>The annotation mechanism (with note and annotation) forms a key aspect of the extensibility mechanism of PROV-DM (see <a
+href="#extensibility-section">extensibility section</a>).</p>
+ <section id="term-note">
+
+<h4>Note</h4>
+
+<span class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-note"></span>
+
+
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-note">A <dfn title="dfn-note" id="dfn-note">note</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">note(id, [attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="note.id">id</span>: an identifier for a note;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="note.attributes">attributes</span>: a set of attribute-value pairs ((<span class="name">attr1</span>, <span class="name">val1</span>), ...) representing application-specific information.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-note1">
+<p>
+The following note consists of a set of application-specific attribute-value pairs, intended
+to help the rendering of the pre-existing entity it is associated with, by
+specifying its color and its position on the screen.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+note(ex:n1,[draw:color="blue", draw:screenX=20, draw:screenY=30])
+hasAnnotation(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex:n1)
+</pre>
+<p>The note is linked to the entity <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>, with
+relation <a title="annotation">hasAnnotation</a>
+discussed in <a href="#term-annotation">Section 4.6.2</a>.
+The note's identifier is declared in the namespace denoted by prefix <span class="name">ex</span> to illustrate that the rendering application may differ from the application involving entity <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>. The prefix <span class="name">draw</span> also denotes an application specific namespace.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-note2">
+<p>In contrast, a reputation service may enrich an existing provenance record with notes providing reputation ratings about agents. In the following fragment, both agents <span class="name">ex2:Simon</span> and <span class="name">ex2:Paolo</span> are rated "excellent".</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+note(ex3:n2,[trust:reputation="excellent"])
+hasAnnotation(ex2:Simon,ex3:n2)
+hasAnnotation(ex2:Paolo,ex3:n2)
+</pre>
+<p>The note's identifier is declared in a separate namespace denoted by prefix <span class="name">ex3</span>. The prefix <span class="name">trust</span> also denotes an application specific namespace.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+ </section>
+
+<section id="term-annotation">
+<h4>Annotation</h4>
+
+
+
+<span class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-annotation"></span>
+
+<p>Multiple notes can
+be associated with a given identified object; symmetrically, multiple objects can be associated with a given note. Since notes have identifiers, they can also be
+annotated. </p>
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-annotation">An <dfn title="hasAnnotation">annotation relation</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">hasAnnotation(r,n)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="annotation.id">something</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">r</span>) of something being annotated;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="annotation.note">note</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">n</span>) of a note.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following expressions</p>
+<pre class="codexample">
+entity(e1,[prov:type="document"])
+entity(e2,[prov:type="document"])
+activity(a,t1,t2)
+used(u1,a,e1,[ex:file="stdin"])
+wasGeneratedBy(e2, a, [ex:file="stdout"])
+
+note(n1,[ex:icon="doc.png"])
+hasAnnotation(e1,n1)
+hasAnnotation(e2,n1)
+
+note(n2,[ex:style="dotted"])
+hasAnnotation(u1,n2)
+</pre>
+<p>describe two documents (attribute-value pair: <span class="name">prov:type="document"</span>) identified by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span
+class="name">e2</span>, and their annotation with a note indicating that the icon (an application specific way of rendering provenance) is <span class="name">doc.png</span>. The example also
+includes an activity, its usage of the first entity, and its generation of the second entity. The <a title="dfn-usage">usage</a> is annotated with a style (an application specific way
+of rendering this edge graphically). To be able to express this annotation, the usage was provided with an identifier <span class="name">u1</span>, which was then referred to in <span
+class="name">hasAnnotation(u1,n2)</span>.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+<section id="second-class-elements">
+<h3>Further Elements of PROV-DM</h3>
+
+This section introduces further elements of PROV-DM.
+
+<section id="term-NamespaceDeclaration">
+<h3>Namespace Declaration</h3>
+
+<p>A PROV-DM <dfn id="dfn-namespace">namespace</dfn> is identified by an IRI [[!IRI]]. In PROV-DM, attributes, identifiers, and values with <a title="qualified name">qualified names</a> as data type can be placed in a namespace using the mechanisms described in this specification. </p>
+
+
+<p>A <dfn id="dfn-namespaceDeclaration">namespace declaration</dfn> consists of a binding between a prefix and a namespace. Every qualified name with this prefix in the scope of this
+declaration refers to this namespace.
+A <dfn id="dfn-defaultNamespaceDeclaration">default namespace declaration</dfn> consists of a namespace. Every un-prefixed qualified name in the scope of this default namespace declaration
+refers to this namespace.</p>
+
+<p>The <dfn title="prov-namespace">PROV namespace</dfn> is identified by the URI <span class="name">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</span>.</p>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-qualified-name">
+<h4>Qualified Name</h4>
+
+
+<span class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-qualifiedName"></span>
+
+<p>PROV-DM stipulates that a qualified name can be mapped into an IRI
+ by concatenating the IRI associated with the prefix and the local part.</p>
+
+<p>A qualified name's prefix is OPTIONAL. If a prefix occurs in a
+ qualified name, it refers to a <a>namespace</a> declared in a namespace declaration. In the absence of prefix, the qualified name
+ refers to the <a title="default namespace declaration">default namespace</a>.</p>
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="term-identifier">
+<h4>Identifier</h4>
+
+<p>
+An <dfn id="dfn-identifier">identifier</dfn> is a <a>qualified
+ name</a>.
+</p>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-attribute">
+<h4>Attribute</h4>
+
+<p>An <dfn title="dfn-attribute" id="dfn-attribute">attribute</dfn> is a <a>qualified name</a>.
+
+
+<p>The PROV data model introduces a pre-defined set of attributes in the <a title="prov-namespace">PROV namespace</a>, which we define below.
+This specification does not provide any interpretation for any attribute declared in any other namespace.</p>
+
+<div id="attributes-at-a-glance-div" style="text-align: left;">
+<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="attributes-at-a-glance">Table 5: PROV-DM Attributes At a Glance</caption>
+<tr><td><b>Attribute</b></td><td><b>value</b></td><td><b>Section</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td>prov:label</td><td>xsd:string</td><td>Section <a href="#term-attribute-label">4.7.4.1</a> </td></tr>
+<tr><td>prov:location</td><td><a title="value">Value</a></td><td>Section <a href="#term-attribute-location">4.7.4.2</a> </td></tr>
+<tr><td>prov:role</td><td><a title="value">Value</a></td><td>Section <a href="#term-attribute-role">4.7.4.3</a> </td></tr>
+<tr><td>prov:type</td><td><a title="value">Value</a></td><td>Section <a href="#term-attribute-type">4.7.4.4</a> </td></tr>
+<tr><td>prov:value</td><td><a title="value">Value</a></td><td>Section <a href="#term-attribute-value">4.7.4.5</a> </td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="term-attribute-label">
+<h4>prov:label</h4>
+
+<p> The attribute <dfn title="dfn-label"><span class="name">prov:label</span></dfn> provides a human-readable representation of a PROV-DM element or relation. The value associated with the attribute <span class="name">prov:label</span> MUST be a string.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following entity is provided with a label attribute.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ entity(ex:e1, [prov:label="This is a label"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="term-attribute-location">
+<h4>prov:location</h4>
+
+<p>A <dfn title="dfn-Location">location</dfn> can be an identifiable geographic place (ISO 19112), but it can also be a non-geographic place such as a directory, row, or column. As such, there are numerous ways in which location can be expressed, such as by a coordinate,
+address, landmark, and so forth. This document does not specify how to concretely express locations, but instead provide a mechanism to introduce locations, by means of a reserved attribute. </p>
+
+
+<p>
+The attribute <span class="name">prov:location</span> is an OPTIONAL attribute of entity, activity, usage, and generation. The value associated with the attribute <span class="name">prov:location</span> MUST be a PROV-DM <a title="value">Value</a>, expected to denote a location.
+</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following expression describes entity Mona Lisa, a painting, with a location attribute. </p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ entity(ex:MonaLisa, [prov:location="Le Louvres, Paris", prov:type="StillImage"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="term-attribute-role">
+<h4>prov:role</h4>
+
+<p>The attribute <dfn title="dfn-role"><span class="name">prov:role</span></dfn> denotes the function of an entity with respect to an activity, in the context of a <a>usage</a>, <a>generation</a>,
+ <a>association</a>, <a>start</a>, and <a>end</a>. The attribute <span class="name">prov:role</span> is allowed to occur multiple times in a list of attribute-value pairs. The value associated with a <span
+class="name">prov:role</span> attribute MUST be a PROV-DM <a title="value">Value</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following activity is associated with an agent acting as the operator. </p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ wasAssociatedWith(a, ag, [prov:role="operator"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-attribute-type">
+<h4>prov:type</h4>
+
+<p>The attribute <dfn title="dfn-type"><span class="name">prov:type</span></dfn> provides further typing information for an element or relation. PROV-DM liberally
+defines a type as a category of things having common characteristics. PROV-DM is agnostic about the representation of types, and only states that
+the value associated with a <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute MUST be a PROV-DM <a title="value">Value.</a> The attribute <span class="name">prov:type</span>
+is allowed to occur multiple times.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following describes an agent of type software agent.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ agent(ag, [prov:type="prov:SoftwareAgent" %% xsd:QName])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>The following types are pre-defined in PROV, and are valid values for the <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute.</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="name">prov:Plan</span></li>
+
+<li><span class="name">prov:Account</span></li>
+
+<li><span class="name">prov:SoftwareAgent</span></li>
+
+<li><span class="name">prov:Organization</span></li>
+
+<li><span class="name">prov:Person</span></li>
+
+<li><span class="name">prov:Collection</span></li>
+
+<li><span class="name">prov:Dictionary</span></li>
+
+<li><span class="name">prov:EmptyDictionary</span></li>
+
+</ul>
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="term-attribute-value">
+<h4>prov:value</h4>
+
+<p>The attribute <dfn title="dfn-value"><span class="name">prov:value</span></dfn> provides a <a title="value">Value</a> associated with an entity.</p>
+
+
+<p>The attribute <span class="name">prov:value</span> is an OPTIONAL attribute of entity. The value associated with the attribute <span class="name">prov:value</span> MUST be a PROV-DM <a title="value">Value</a>. The attribute <span class="name">prov:value</span> MAY occur at most once in a set of attribute-value pairs.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following example illustrates the provenance of the number <span class="name">4</span> obtained by an activity that computed the length of an input string <span class="name">"abcd"</span>.
+The input and the output are expressed as entities <span class="name">ex:in</span> and <span class="name">ex:out</span>, respectively. They each have a <span class="name">prov:value</span> attribute associated with the corresponding value.
+</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(ex:in, [prov:value="abcd"])
+entity(ex:out, [prov:value=4])
+activity(ex:len, [prov:type="string-length"])
+used(ex:len,ex:in)
+wasGeneratedBy(ex:out,ex:len)
+wasDerivedFrom(ex:out,ex:in)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="note">Should we also have prov:encoding?</div>
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-value">
+<h4>Value</h4>
+
+<p>
+By means of attribute-value pairs, the PROV data model can refer to <dfn title="value">values</dfn> such as strings, numbers, time, qualified names, and IRIs.
+The interpretation of such values is outside the scope of PROV-DM.</p>
+<p>Each kind of such values is called a <em>datatype</em>. The datatypes are taken from
+the set of XML Schema Datatypes, version 1.1 [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]] and the RDF specification [[!RDF-CONCEPTS]]. The normative definitions of these datatypes are provided by the respective specifications.
+Each datatype is identified by its XML <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#QName">xsd:QName</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+</p>
+
+<p>We note that PROV-DM <dfn title="dfn-time">time instants</dfn> are defined according to xsd:dateTime [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]].</p>
+
+
+
+<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="prov-dm-data-types">Table 6: PROV-DM Data Types</caption>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#decimal">xsd:decimal</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#double">xsd:double</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#dateTime">xsd:dateTime</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#integer">xsd:integer</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#float">xsd:float</a></td><td></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#nonNegativeInteger">xsd:nonNegativeInteger</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#string">xsd:string</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#section-XMLLiteral">rdf:XMLLiteral</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#nonPositiveInteger">xsd:nonPositiveInteger</a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#normalizedString">xsd:normalizedString</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#positiveInteger">xsd:positiveInteger</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#token">xsd:token</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#negativeInteger">xsd:negativeInteger</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#language">xsd:language</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#long">xsd:long</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#Name">xsd:Name</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#int">xsd:int</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#NCName">xsd:NCName</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#short">xsd:short</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#NMTOKEN">xsd:NMTOKEN</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#byte">xsd:byte</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#boolean">xsd:boolean</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedLong">xsd:unsignedLong</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#hexBinary">xsd:hexBinary</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedInt">xsd:unsignedInt</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#base64Binary">xsd:base64Binary</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedShort">xsd:unsignedShort</a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#anyURI">xsd:anyURI</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedByte">xsd:unsignedByte</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#QName">xsd:QName</a></td><td></td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-value">
+<p>
+The following examples respectively are the string "abc", the integer number 1, and the IRI "http://example.org/foo".
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ "abc"
+ 1
+ "http://example.org/foo" %% xsd:anyURI
+</pre>
+<p>The following example shows a value of type <span class="name">xsd:QName</span> (see
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-2-20041028/#QName">QName</a> [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]]).
+The prefix <span class="name">ex</span> MUST be bound to a <a>namespace</a> declared in a <a>namespace declaration</a>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ "ex:value" %% xsd:QName
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-time">
+<p>
+In the following example, the generation time of entity <span class="name">e1</span> is expressed according to
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#dateTime">xsd:dateTime</a> [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]].</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ wasGeneratedBy(e1,a1, 2001-10-26T21:32:52)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="note">
+We need to check that we are including all xsd types that are the latest versions of XML Schema/RDF.
+</div>
+</section>
+</section>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+<!-- end sec. 5 -->
+
+ <section id="extensibility-section">
+<h2>PROV-DM Extensibility Points</h2>
+
+
+<p>The PROV data model provides extensibility points that allow designers to specialize it to specific applications or domains. We summarize these extensibility points here:
+
+<ul>
+<li> Attribute-value lists occur in all types and relations of the data model. Applications designers are free to introduce further application-specific attributes. Attributes for a given application can be distinguished by qualifying them with a prefix denoting a namespace
+declared in a namespace declaration.
+
+<p>The <a title="prov-namespace">PROV namespace</a> declares a set of reserved attributes catering for extensibility: <a href="#term-attribute-type"><span class="name">prov:type</span></a>, <a href="#term-attribute-role"><span class="name">prov:role</span></a>, <a href="#term-attribute-location"><span
+class="name">prov:location</span></a>.</li>
+
+<li>Sub-types and sub-relations can be expressed by means of the reserved attribute
+<a href="#term-attribute-type"><span class="name">prov:type</span></a>.
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-sub-relation">
+<p>
+In the following example, <span class="name">e2</span> is a translation of <span class="name">e1</span>,
+expressed as a sub-type of derivation.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1, [prov:type="ex:Translation" %% xsd:QName])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-sub-type">
+<p>
+In the following example, <span class="name">e</span> is described as a Car, a type of entity.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ entity(e, [prov:type="ex:Car" %% xsd:QName])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</li>
+
+
+
+
+
+<li>New namespaces and associated prefixes can be declared, allowing attributes and names to be qualified. </li>
+
+<li>Notes allow arbitrary metadata to be associated with anything identifiable in PROV-DM. Notes consist of attribute-value pairs. Attributes are qualified by a
+namespace.</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>The PROV data model is designed to be application and technology independent, but specializations of PROV-DM are welcome and encouraged. To ensure interoperability, specializations of
+the PROV data model that exploit the extensibility points summarized in this section MUST preserve the semantics specified in this document and in [[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]]. </p>
+
+
+
+ </section>
+
+
+
+<section id="valid-provenance">
+<h4>Creating Valid Provenance</h4>
+
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>This specification defines PROV-DM, a data model that allows
+descriptions of the people, institutions, entities, and activities,
+involved in producing, influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a
+thing to be expressed. However, with this data model, it is also possible to compose
+descriptions that would not make sense: for instance, one could
+express that an entity was used before it was generated, or that the
+activity that generated an entity began its existence after the entity
+generation. A set of constraints have been defined for PROV-DM and
+can be found in a companion specification [[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]].
+They SHOULD be used by developers to compose provenance descriptions that are valid, and
+by implementers of reasoning engines aiming to check whether provenance descriptions have problems. </li>
+
+
+
+<li>
+<p> The example of <a href="#prov-dm-example">section 3</a> contains identifiers such as <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span>, which denotes a specific version of a technical report. On the other hand, a URI such as <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a> denotes the latest version of a document. One needs to ensure that provenance descriptions for the latter resource remain valid as the resource state changes. </p>
+
+<p>To this end, PROV-DM allows asserters to describe "<em>partial states</em>" of entities by means of attributes and associated values. Some further constraints apply to the use of these attributes, since the values associated with them are expected to remain unchanged for some period of time. The constraints associated to attributes allow provenance descriptions to be refined, they can also be found in the companion specification [[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]].</p>
+
+
+</li>
+
+
+<li>
+<p>The idea of bundling provenance descriptions is crucial to the PROV approach. Indeed, it allows multiple provenance perspectives to be provided for a given entity. It is also the mechanism by which provenance of provenance can be expressed. Such a named bundle is referred to as an <dfn>account</dfn> and is regarded as an <a title="concept-account">Account</a> so that its provenance can be expressed. The notion of account is specified in the companion specification [[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]], as well as the constraints that <dfn>structurally well-formed</dfn> descriptions SHOULD satisfy.</p>
+</li>
+
+
+</ul>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<div id="glossary_div" class="remove">
+<!-- glossary loaded from glossary.js will be hooked up here,
+ class remove, will remove this element from the final output.
+-->
+</div>
+
+<section class="appendix">
+ <h2>Acknowledgements</h2>
+ <p>
+ WG membership to be listed here.
+ </p>
+ </section>
+
+ </body>
+</html>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/wd6-prov-n.html Tue May 01 07:43:09 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,2022 @@
+ <!DOCTYPE html>
+
+<html><head>
+ <title>PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</title>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
+ <!--
+ === NOTA BENE ===
+ For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
+ out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
+ -->
+<!-- PM -->
+ <style type="text/css">
+ .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
+ </style>
+
+ <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" class="remove"></script>
+ <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" class="remove"></script>
+
+ <script class="remove">
+ function updateGlossaryRefs() {
+ $('.glossary-ref').each(function(index) {
+ var ref=$(this).attr('ref');
+ $('#'+ref+'.glossary').contents().clone().appendTo($(this));
+ $(this).children('dfn').replaceWith(function(){return $('<span>').addClass('dfn').append($(this).contents())});
+ });
+ }
+ $(document).ready(updateGlossaryRefs);
+ function glossary_include(doc, content) {
+ window.setTimeout(updateGlossaryRefs, 1000);
+ return content;
+ }
+ </script>
+
+ <script class="remove">
+ var addExtraReferences = function() {
+ for (var k in extraReferences)
+ berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
+ };
+ var extraReferences = {
+ "CLOCK":
+ "Lamport, L. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
+ "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
+ "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
+ "CSP":
+ "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
+ "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
+ "Logic":
+ "W. E. Johnson"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
+ "1924. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
+
+
+
+ "PROV-RDF":
+ "James Cheney"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF\"><cite>PROV-RDF Mapping </cite></a>"+
+ "2012, Working in Progress. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF</a>",
+
+ "PROV-XML":
+ "James Cheney"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvXML\"><cite>PROV-XML Mapping </cite></a>"+
+ "2012, Working in Progress. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvXML\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvXML</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-DM":
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Reza B'Far, Stephen Cresswell, Yolanda Gil, Paul Groth, Graham Klyne, Jim McCusker, Simon Miles, James Myers, Satya Sahoo, and Curt Tilmes"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</cite></a>. "+
+ "2012, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-CONSTRAINTS":
+ "James Cheney, Paolo Missier, and Luc Moreau (eds.)"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/\"><cite>Constraints of the Prov Data Model</cite></a>. "+
+ "2012, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/</a>",
+
+
+ "PROV-SEM":
+ "James Cheney "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Work in progress. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
+
+ "PROV-PRIMER":
+ "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-O":
+ "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
+
+ "PROV-AQ":
+ "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
+ "2011, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
+ };
+ var respecConfig = {
+ // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
+ specStatus: "ED",
+
+ // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
+ shortName: "prov-n",
+
+ // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
+ // formal title, define it here
+ // subtitle : "About-to-be-frozen WD4 (for internal release)",
+ subtitle : "towards second working draft",
+
+ // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
+// publishDate: "2012-05-03",
+
+ // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
+ // the start date here:
+ // copyrightStart: "2011",
+
+ // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
+ // and its maturity status
+ previousPublishDate: "2012-05-03",
+ previousMaturity: "WD",
+
+ // if there a publicly available Editor's Draft, this is the link
+ edDraftURI: "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html",
+
+ // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
+ // lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
+
+ // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
+ // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
+ extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "./extra.css"],
+
+ // editors, add as many as you like
+ // only "name" is required
+ editors: [
+ { name: "Luc Moreau", url: "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/",
+ company: "University of Southampton" },
+ { name: "Paolo Missier", url: "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier",
+ company: "Newcastle University" },
+ ],
+
+ // authors, add as many as you like.
+ // This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
+ // only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
+
+// authors: [
+// { name: "TBD" },
+// ],
+
+
+ // name of the WG
+ wg: "Provenance Working Group",
+
+ // URI of the public WG page
+ wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/",
+
+ // name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
+ wgPublicList: "public-prov-wg",
+
+ // URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
+ // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
+ // This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
+ // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
+ // Team Contact.
+ wgPatentURI: "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
+
+ // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
+ preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
+ };
+ </script>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+
+ <section id="abstract">
+<p>
+PROV-DM, the PROV data model, is a data model for provenance that describes
+the entities, people and activities involved in
+producing a piece of data or thing.
+PROV-DM is structured in six components, dealing with:
+(1) entities and activities, and the time at which they were created, used, or ended;
+(2) agents bearing responsibility for entities that were generated and activities that happened;
+(3) derivations of entities from entities;
+(4) properties to link entities that refer to the same thing;
+(5) collections forming a logical structure for its members;
+(6) a simple annotation mechanism.
+<p>
+<p>To provide examples of the PROV data model, the PROV notation (PROV-N) is introduced: aimed at human consumption, PROV-N allows serializations of PROV
+instances to be created in a compact manner. PROV-N facilitates the
+mapping of the PROV data model to concrete syntax, and is used as the basis for a
+formal semantics of PROV. The purpose of this document is to define the PROV-N notation.
+</p>
+ </section>
+
+<section id="sotd">
+<h4>PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
+This document is part of the PROV family of specifications, a set of specifications defining various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
+interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. The specifications are:
+<ul>
+<li> PROV-DM, the PROV data model for provenance;</li>
+<li> PROV-CONSTRAINTS, a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model;</li>
+<li> PROV-N, a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption (this document);</li>
+<li> PROV-O, the PROV ontology, an OWL-RL ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF;</li>
+<li> PROV-AQ, the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance; </li>
+<li> PROV-PRIMER, a primer for the PROV data model;</li>
+<li> PROV-SEM, a formal semantics for the PROV data model;</li>
+<li> PROV-XML, an XML schema for the PROV data model.</li>
+</ul>
+<h4>How to read the PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>The primer is the entry point to PROV offering an introduction to the provenance model.</li>
+<li>The Linked Data and Semantic Web community should focus on PROV-O defining PROV classes and properties specified in an OWL-RL ontology. For further details, PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS specify the constraints applicable to the data model, and its interpretation. PROV-SEM provides a mathematical semantics.</li>
+<li>The XML community should focus on PROV-XML defining an XML schema for PROV. Further details can also be found in PROV-DM, PROV-CONSTRAINTS, and PROV-SEM.</li>
+<li>Developers seeking to retrieve or publish provenance should focus on PROV-AQ.</li>
+<li>Readers seeking to implement other PROV serializations
+should focus on PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS. PROV-O, PROV-N, PROV-XML offer examples of mapping to RDF, text, and XML, respectively.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<h4>First Public Working Draft</h4>
+ <p>This is the first public release of the PROV-N
+document. Following feedback, the Working Group has decided to
+reorganize the PROV-DM document substantially, separating the data model,
+from its constraints, and the notation used to illustrate it. The
+PROV-N release is synchronized with the release of the PROV-DM, PROV-O,
+PROV-PRIMER, and PROV-CONSTRAINTS documents.
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="introduction">
+<h2>Introduction</h2>
+
+<p> Provenance is defined as a record that describes the people,
+institutions, entities, and activities, involved in producing,
+influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a thing in the world. Two
+companion specifications respectively define PROV-DM, a data model for
+provenance, allowing provenance descriptions to be expressed [[PROV-DM]] and a set of constraints that provenance descriptions are expected to satisfy [[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]].
+</p>
+
+<section id="purpose">
+<h2>Purpose of this Document and target audience</h2>
+
+A key goal of PROV is the specification of a machine-processable data model for provenance. However, communicating provenance between humans is also important when teaching, illustrating, formalizing, and discussing provenance-related issues.
+
+<!-- As such, representations of PROV-DM are available in RDF and XML. -->
+
+With these two requirements in mind, this document introduces PROV-N, a syntax notation designed to write instances of the PROV data model according to the following design principles:
+<ul>
+<li>Technology independence. PROV-N provides a simple syntax that can be mapped to several technologies.
+
+<li>Human readability. PROV-N follows a functional syntax style that is meant to be easily human-readable so it can be used in illustrative examples, such as those presented in the PROV documents suite;
+
+<li>Formality. PROV-N is defined through a formal grammar amenable to be used with parser generators.
+
+ </ul>
+
+PROV-N has several known uses:
+<ul>
+<li> It is the notation used in the examples found in [[PROV-DM]], as well as in the definition of PROV constraints [[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]]; </li>
+<li> It is a source language for the encoding of PROV data model instances into a variety of target languages, including amongst others RDF [[PROV-RDF]] and XML [[PROV-XML]]; </li>
+<li> It provides the basis for a formal semantics of the PROV data model [[PROV-SEM]], in which an interpretation is given to each element of the PROV-N language.
+</ul>
+
+<p>This document introduces the PROV-N grammar along with examples of its usage.</p>
+<p>Its target audience is twofold:
+<ul>
+<li>Developers of provenance management applications, as well as implementors of new PROV data model encodings, and thus in particular of PROV-N parsers. These readers may be interested in the entire structure of the grammar, starting from the top level nonterminal <a href="#ExpressionContainer">container</a>.</li>
+<li>Readers of the [[PROV-DM]] and of [[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]] documents, who are interested in the details of the formal language underpinning the notation used in the examples and in the definition of the constraints. Those readers may find the <a href="#grammar-notation">expression</a> nonterminal a useful entry point into the grammar.</li>
+</ul>
+
+</section>
+
+ <section id="structure-of-this-document">
+<h3>Structure of this Document</h3>
+
+<p>This document defines a grammar using the Extended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF) notation. Its productions correspond to PROV data model types and relations.
+</p>
+It is structured as follows.
+
+<p><a href="#general-conventions">Section 2</a> provides the design rationale for the PROV Notation.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#grammar-notation">Section 3</a> defines the notation for the Extended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF) grammar used in this specification.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#prov-n-expressions">Section 4</a> presents the grammar of all expressions of the language grouped according to the PROV data model components.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#ExpressionContainer">Section 5</a> defines the grammar of containers, a house-keeping construct of PROV-N capable of packaging up PROV-N expressions and namespace declarations.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#account">Section 6</a> defines the grammar of accounts.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#media-type">Section 7</a> defines media type for the PROV-N notation.</p>
+
+
+ </section>
+
+
+<section id="prov-dm-namespace">
+ <h3>Notational Conventions</h3>
+
+<!--
+<p>The PROV namespace is <span class="name">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</span> with prefix <span class="name">prov:</span>.</p>
+
+<p> All the elements, predicates, reserved names and attributes introduced in this specification belong to the PROV namespace.</p>
+</section>
+
+<section id="conventions">
+<h3>Conventions</h3>
+
+-->
+
+<p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
+ NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
+ "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
+ [[!RFC2119]].</p>
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+The following namespaces prefixes are used throughout this document.
+
+<div style="text-align: left;">
+<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="namespace-table">Table 1: Prefix and Namespaces used in this specification</caption>
+<tr><td><a><bf>prefix</bf></a></td><td><bf>namespace uri</bf></td> <td><bf>definition</bf></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>prov</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</td><td>The PROV namespace (see Section <a href="#expression-NamespaceDeclaration">4.7.1</a>)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>xsd</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema#</td><td>XML Schema Namespace [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]]</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>rdf</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#</td><td>The RDF namespace [[!RDF-CONCEPTS]]</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>(others)</a></td><td>(various)</td><td>All other namespace prefixes are used in examples only. <br/> In particular, URIs starting with "http://example.com" represent<br/> some application-dependent URI [[!URI]]</td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="general-conventions">
+<h3>General grammar considerations</h3>
+
+<section id="functional-syntax">
+<h3>Functional-style Syntax</h3>
+
+<p> PROV-N adopts a functional-style syntax consisting of a predicate name and an ordered list of terms.
+All PROV data model relations involve two primary elements, the <em>subject</em> and the <em>object</em>, in this order. Furthermore, some expressions also admit additional elements that further characterize it.
+<div class="anexample">
+The following expression should be read as "<span class="name">e2</span> was derived from <span class="name">e1</span>". Here <span class="name">e2</span> is the subject, and <span class="name">e1</span> is the object.
+<pre class="codeexample" >
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1)
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+In the following expressions, the optional activity <span class="name">a</span> along with the generation and usage identifiers, and timestamps have been added to further qualify the derivation:
+<pre class="codeexample" >
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+activity(a2, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, 2011-11-16T16:00:01)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="grammar-notation">
+<h3>EBNF Grammar</h3>
+
+<p>The grammar is specified using the Extended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF) notation.</p>
+<div class="grammar">
+ Each production rule (or <dfn>production</dfn>, for short) in the grammar defines one non-terminal symbol <span class="nonterminal">E</span>, in the following form:</p>
+
+<span class="nonterminal">E</span> ::= <em>term</em>
+
+<p>Within the term on the right-hand side of a rule, the following terms are used to match strings of one or more characters:
+<ul>
+<li>
+<span class="nonterminal">E</span>: matches term satisfying rule for symbol E.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<span class="name">abc</span>: matches the literal string inside the single quotes.
+</li>
+
+
+<li>
+<span class="optional"><em>term</em></span>: optional <em>term</em>, matches <em>term</em> or nothing.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<span class="plus"><em>term</em></span>: matches one or more occurrences of <em>term</em>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<span class="star"><em>term</em></span>: matches zero or more occurrences of <em>term</em>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<span class="choice"><em>term</em> | <em>term</em></span>: matches one of the two <em>terms</em>.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+The grammar is centered on nonterminals for various types of <span class="nonterminal">expression</span>. The main production is introduced here below as it reflects the rationale for the design of the entire grammar. Note that parser developers may use the top level <a href="#ExpressionContainer">container</a> nonterminal as a starting point instead.
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<table style="background: white; border=0; ">
+<tr><td><span class="nonterminal">expression</span> <br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>
+</td><td> ::=<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/></td><td>
+<!-- Component 1-->
+<span class="nonterminal">entityExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">activityExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">generationExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">usageExpression</span>
+<br/>
+ | <span class="nonterminal">startExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">endExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">invalidationExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">communicationExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">startByActivityExpression</span>
+<br/>
+<!-- Component 2-->
+ | <span class="nonterminal">agentExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">attributionExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">associationExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">responsibilityExpression</span>
+<br/>
+<!-- Component 3-->
+ | <span class="nonterminal">derivationExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">revisionExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">quotationExpression</span> <br/>
+ | <span class="nonterminal">hadOriginalSourceExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">traceExpression</span>
+<br/>
+<!-- Component 4-->
+ | <span class="nonterminal">alternateExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">specializationExpression</span>
+<br/>
+<!-- Component 5 TODO-->
+<!-- Component 6-->
+ | <span class="nonterminal">noteExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">annotationExpression</span>
+<br/>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+Each expression non-terminal <span class="nonterminal">expression</span>, i.e., <span class="nonterminal">entityExpression</span>, <span class="nonterminal">activityExpression</span> etc., corresponds to one element (entity, activity, etc.) of the PROV data model.
+<p>A PROV-N document consists of a collection of <a title="expression">expressions</a>, wrapped in an <a>expression container</a> with some namespace declarations, such that the text for an element matches the corresponding <span class="nonterminal">expression</span> production of the grammar.
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="prov-n-optionals">
+<h3>Optional terms in expressions</h3>
+
+Some terms in an expression may be optional. For example:
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample" >
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1)
+</pre>
+In a derivation expression, the activity, generation, and usage are optional terms. They are specified in the first derivation, but not in the second.
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample" >
+activity(a2, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, 2011-11-16T16:00:01)
+activity(a1)
+</pre>
+The start and end times for Activity <span class="name">a1</span> are optional. They are specified in the first expression, but not in the second.
+</div>
+
+<p>The general rule for optionals is that, if <em>none</em> of the optionals are used in the expression, then they are simply omitted, resulting in a simpler expression as in the examples above.</p>
+However, it may be the case that only some of the optional terms are omitted. Because the position of the terms in the expression matters, an additional marker must be used to indicate that a particular term is not available. The symbol <span class="name">-</span> is used for this purpose.
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>In the first expression below, all optionals are specified. However in the second, only the last one is specified, forcing the use of the marker for the missing terms. In the last, no marker is necessary because all <em>remaining</em> optionals after <span class="name">a</span> are missing.
+
+<pre class="codeexample" >
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, -, -, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a)
+</pre>
+</div>
+Note that the more succinct form is just shorthand for a complete expression with all the markers specified:
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample" >
+activity(a1)
+activity(a1, -, -)
+</pre>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="prov-n-standard-terms">
+<h3>Identifiers and attributes</h3>
+
+<p>Most expressions defined in the grammar include the use of two terms: an identifier for the predicate, and a set of attribute-value pairs, delimited by square brackets. Both are optional (unless specified otherwise). By convention, the identifier is the first term in any expression, and the set of attribute-value pairs is the last. </p>
+Consistent with the convention on optional terms, the '<span class="name">-</span>' marker can be used when the identifier is not available. Additionally, the grammar rules are defined in such a way that the optional identifier can be omitted altogether with no ambiguity arising.
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>Derivation has an optional identifier. In the first expression, the identifier is not available. It is explicit in the second, and marked by a <span class="name">-</span> in the third.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample" >
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1)
+wasDerivedFrom(d, e2, e1)
+wasDerivedFrom(-, e2, e1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+A distinction is made between expressions with no attributes, and expressions that include an empty list of attributes.
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The first activity does not have any attributes. The second has an empty list of attributes. The third activity has two attributes.
+<pre class="codeexample" >
+activity(ex:a10)
+activity(ex:a10, [])
+activity(ex:a10, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="prov-n-expressions">
+<h2>PROV-N Productions per Component</h2>
+
+This section introduces grammar productions for each expression, followed by small examples illustrating the use of expressions in PROV-N. Strings conforming to the grammar are valid expressions in the PROV-N language.<p/>
+
+<section id="component1">
+<h3>Component 1: Entities and Activities</h3>
+
+<section id="expression-Entity">
+<h4>Entity</h4>
+
+<div class="withPn">
+<p>
+
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">entityExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">entity</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span><br/><br/>
+<!-- -->
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span> ::=
+<span class="optional"><span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="name">[</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">]</span>
+</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">attribute-values</span> ::=
+<span class="nonterminal">attribute-value</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">attribute-value</span> <span class="name">,</span> <span class="nonterminal">attribute-values</span>
+<br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">attribute-value</span> ::=
+<span class="nonterminal">attribute</span>
+<span class="name">=</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">Literal</span>
+<br/>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document" ])
+</pre>
+ Here <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is the optional entity identifier, and <span class="name">[ prov:type="document" ]</span> groups the optional attributes with their values.
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+<!-- entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version=2 ]) -->
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215)
+</pre>
+Here the optional attributes are not used.
+</div>
+
+
+
+</section>
+<section id="expression-Activity">
+<h4>Activity</h4>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">activityExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">activity</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+<span class="optional"><span class="name">,</span>
+(<span class="nonterminal">time</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="name">,</span>
+(<span class="nonterminal">time</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(ex:a10, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, 2011-11-16T16:00:01, [prov:type="createFile"])
+</pre>
+<p>Here <span class="name">ex:a10</span> is the optional activity identifier, <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> and <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:01</span> are the optional start and end times for the activity, and <span class="name">[prov:type="createFile"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+activity(ex:a10)
+activity(ex:a10, -, -)
+activity(ex:a10, -, -, [prov:type="edit"])
+activity(ex:a10, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+activity(ex:a10, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, -)
+activity(ex:a10, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, -, [prov:type="createFile"])
+activity(ex:a10, [prov:type="edit"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+<section id="expression-Generation">
+<h4>Generation</h4>
+
+
+<div class="withPn">
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">generationExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+( <span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="name">,</span> ( <span class="nonterminal">time</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span><br/>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasGeneratedBy(ex:g1, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:fct="save"])
+</pre>
+<p> Here <span class="name">ex:g1</span> is the optional generation identifier, <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is the identifier of the entity being generated,
+ <span class="name">ex:edit1</span> is the optional identifier of the generating activity, <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> is the optional generation time, and <span class="name"> [ex:fct="save"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
+wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasGeneratedBy(e2, a1, -, [ex:fct="save"])
+wasGeneratedBy(e2, -, -, [ex:fct="save"])
+wasGeneratedBy(ex:g1, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
+wasGeneratedBy(-, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>Even though the production <span class="nonterminal">generationExpression</span> allows for expressions <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2, -, -)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(-, e2, -, -)</span>, these expressions are not valid in PROV-N, since
+at least one of <span class='attribute'>activity</span>, <span class='attribute'>time</span>, or <span class='attribute'>attributes</span> MUST be present.</p>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="expression-Usage">
+<h4>Usage</h4>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">usageExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">used</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span> ( <span class="nonterminal">time</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span><br/>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+
+<pre class="codeexample">
+used(ex:u1, ex:act2, ar3:0111, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:fct="load"])
+ </pre>
+<p> Here <span class="name">ex:u1</span> is the optional usage identifier, <span class="name">ex:act2</span> is the identifier of the using activity,
+ <span class="name">ar3:0111</span> is the identifier of the entity being used,
+ <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> is the optional usage time, and <span class="name"> [ex:fct="load"]</span> are optional attributes.</p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+used(ex:act2, ar3:0111, -)
+used(ex:act2, ar3:0111, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+used(a1,e1, -, [ex:fct="load"])
+used(ex:u1, ex:act2, ar3:0111, -)
+used(-, ex:act2, ar3:0111, -)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+<section id="expression-Start">
+<h4>Start</h4>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">startExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+( <span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="name">,</span> ( <span class="nonterminal">time</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+wasStartedBy(s, ex:act2, ar3:0111, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:param="a"])
+ </pre>
+ <p>Here <span class="name">s</span> is the optional start identifier, <span class="name">ex:act2</span> is the identifier of the starting activity,
+ <span class="name">ar3:0111</span> is the identifier of the entity that triggered the activity start,
+ <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> is the optional usage time, and <span class="name"> [ex:param="a"]</span> are optional attributes.</p>
+ The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+wasStartedBy(ex:act2, ar3:0111, -)
+wasStartedBy(ex:act2, ar3:0111, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasStartedBy(ex:act2, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasStartedBy(ex:act2, -, -)
+wasStartedBy(ex:act2, -, -, [ex:param="a"])
+wasStartedBy(s, ex:act2, ar3:0111, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasStartedBy(-, ex:act2, ar3:0111, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p><strong>Note:</strong> Even though the production <span class="nonterminal">startExpression</span> allows for expressions <span class="name">wasStartedBy(e2, -, -)</span> and <span class="name">wasStartedBy(-, e2, -, -)</span>, these expressions are not valid in PROV-N,
+since
+at least one of <span class='attribute'>trigger</span>, <span class='attribute'>time</span>, or <span class='attribute'>attributes</span> MUST be present.</p>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="expression-End">
+<h4>End</h4>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">endExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">wasEndedBy</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+( <span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="name">,</span> ( <span class="nonterminal">time</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+wasEndedBy(s, ex:act2, ex:trigger, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:param="a"])
+ </pre>
+<p> Here <span class="name">s</span> is the optional start identifier, <span class="name">ex:act2</span> is the identifier of the ending activity,
+ <span class="name">ex:trigger</span> is the identifier of the entity that triggered the activity end,
+ <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> is the optional usage time, and <span class="name"> [ex:param="a"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasEndedBy(ex:act2, ex:trigger, -)
+wasEndedBy(ex:act2, ex:trigger, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasEndedBy(ex:act2, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasEndedBy(ex:act2, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:param="a"])
+wasEndedBy(e,ex:act2, -, -)
+wasEndedBy(e, ex:act2, ex:trigger, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasEndedBy(-, ex:act2, ex:trigger, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p><strong>Note:</strong>Even though the production <span class="nonterminal">endExpression</span> allows for expressions <span class="name">wasEndedBy(e2, -, -)</span> and <span class="name">wasEndedBy(-, e2, -, -)</span>, these expressions are not valid in PROV-N,
+since
+at least one of <span class='attribute'>trigger</span>, <span class='attribute'>time</span>, and <span class='attribute'>attributes</span> MUST be present.</p>
+</section>
+
+<section id="expression-Invalidation">
+<h4>Invalidation</h4>
+
+
+<div class="withPn">
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">invalidationExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+( <span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="name">,</span> ( <span class="nonterminal">time</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span><br/>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasInvalidatedBy(ex:i1, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:fct="save"])
+</pre>
+<p> Here <span class="name">ex:i1</span> is the optional invalidation identifier, <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is the identifier of the entity being invalidated,
+ <span class="name">ex:edit1</span> is the optional identifier of the invalidating activity, <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> is the optional invalidation time, and <span class="name"> [ex:fct="save"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasInvalidatedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
+wasInvalidatedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasInvalidatedBy(e2, a1, -, [ex:fct="save"])
+wasInvalidatedBy(e2, -, -, [ex:fct="save"])
+wasInvalidatedBy(ex:i1, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
+wasInvalidatedBy(-, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>Even though the production <span class="nonterminal">invalidationExpression</span> allows for expressions <span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(e2, -, -)</span> and <span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(-, e2, -, -)</span>, these expressions are not valid in PROV-N, since
+at least one of <span class='attribute'>activity</span>, <span class='attribute'>time</span>, or <span class='attribute'>attributes</span> MUST be present.</p>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="expression-wasInformedBy">
+<h4>Communication</h4>
+
+<div class="grammar">
+<span class="nonterminal">communicationExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">wasInformedBy</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasInformedBy(ex:inf1, ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+</pre>
+<p> Here <span class="name">ex:inf1</span> is the optional communication identifier, <span class="name">ex:a1</span> is the identifier of the informed activity,
+ <span class="name">ex:a2</span> is the identifier of the informant activity,
+and <span class="name">[ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasInformedBy(ex:a1, ex:a2)
+wasInformedBy(ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+wasInformedBy(i, ex:a1, ex:a2)
+wasInformedBy(i, ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+wasInformedBy(-, ex:a1, ex:a2)
+wasInformedBy(-, ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+</section>
+
+<section id="expression-startByActivity">
+<h4>Start by Activity</h4>
+
+<div class="grammar">
+<span class="nonterminal">startByActivityExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">wasStartedByActivity</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+<br>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasStartedByActivity(s,ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+ </pre>
+<p> Here <span class="name">s</span> is the optional start-by-activity identifier, <span class="name">ex:a1</span> is the identifier of the starting activity,
+ <span class="name">ex:a2</span> is the identifier of the activity that started <span class="name">ex:a1</span>,
+and <span class="name"> [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+wasStartedByActivity(ex:a1, ex:a2)
+wasStartedByActivity(ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+wasStartedByActivity(s,ex:a1, ex:a2)
+wasStartedByActivity(-,ex:a1, ex:a2)
+wasStartedByActivity(-,ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+</section>
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="component2">
+<h3>Component 2: Agents and Responsibility</h3>
+<section id="expression-Agent">
+<h4>Agent</h4>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">agentExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">agent</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+agent(ag4, [ prov:type="prov:Person", ex:name="David" ])
+</pre>
+<p>Here <span class="name">ag</span> is the agent identifier, and
+ <span class="name">[ prov:type="prov:Person", ex:name="David" ]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+In the next example, the optional attributes are omitted.
+
+<pre class="codeexample">
+agent(ag4)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+<section id="expression-attribution">
+<h4>Attribution</h4>
+
+<div class="grammar">
+<span class="nonterminal">attributionExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">wasAttributedTo</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasAttributedTo(id, e, ag, [ex:license="cc:attributionURL" %% "xsd:QName"])
+ </pre>
+<p> Here <span class="name">id</span> is the optional attribution identifier, <span class="name">e</span> is an entity identifier,
+ <span class="name">ag</span> is the identifier of the agent to whom the entity is abscribed,
+and <span class="name">[ex:license="cc:attributionURL" %% "xsd:QName"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasAttributedTo(e, ag)
+wasAttributedTo(e, ag, [ex:license="cc:attributionURL" %% "xsd:QName"])
+wasAttributedTo(-, e, ag, [ex:license="cc:attributionURL" %% "xsd:QName"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</section> <!-- end attribution -->
+
+
+<section id="expression-Association">
+<h4>Association</h4>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">associationExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">wasAssociatedWith</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+( <span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="name">,</span>
+( <span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:agas, ex:a1, ex:ag1, ex:e1, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+ </pre>
+
+<p> Here <span class="name">ex:agas</span> is the optional attribution identifier,
+ <span class="name">ex:a1</span> is an activity identifier,
+ <span class="name">ex:ag1</span> is the optional identifier of the agent associated to the activity,
+ <span class="name">ex:e1</span> is the optional identifier of the plan used by the agent in the context of the activity,
+ and <span class="name"> [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+
+
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a1, -, ex:e1)
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a1, ex:ag1, -)
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a1, ex:ag1, ex:e1)
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a1, ex:ag1, ex:e1, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+wasAssociatedWith(a, ex:a1, -, ex:e1)
+wasAssociatedWith(-, ex:a1, -, ex:e1)
+wasAssociatedWith(-, ex:a1, ex:ag1, -)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p><strong>Note:</strong>The production <span class="nonterminal">associationExpression</span> allows for expressions <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a, -, -)</span> and <span class="name">wasAssociatiedWith(-, a, -, -)</span>. However, these expressions are not valid in PROV-N,
+because at least one of <span class='attribute'>agent</span> or <span class='attribute'>plan</span> MUST be present.</p>
+
+</section>
+<section id="expression-responsibility">
+<h4>Responsibility</h4>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">responsibilityExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+( <span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+actedOnBehalfOf(act1, ag1, ag2, a, [prov:type="contract"])
+ </pre>
+<p> Here <span class="name">act1</span> is the optional attribution identifier,
+ <span class="name">ag1</span> is the identifier for the subordinate agent,
+ <span class="name">ag2</span> is the identifier of the responsible agent,
+ <span class="name">a</span> is the optional identifier of the activity for which the responsibility link holds,
+ and <span class="name"> [prov:type="contract"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+
+<pre class="codeexample">
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag1, ag2, -)
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag1, ag2, a)
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag1, ag2, -, [prov:type="delegation"])
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag2, ag3, a, [prov:type="contract"])
+actedOnBehalfOf(r, ag2, ag3, a, [prov:type="contract"])
+actedOnBehalfOf(-, ag1, ag2, -)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+</section>
+<section id="component3">
+<h3>Component 3: Derivations</h3>
+<section id="Derivation-Relation">
+<h4>Derivation</h4>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">derivationExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">wasDerivedFrom</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="optional">
+<span class="name">,</span>
+( <span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="name">,</span>
+( <span class="nonterminal">gIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="name">,</span>
+( <span class="nonterminal">uIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+wasDerivedFrom(d, e2, e1, a, g2, u1, [prov:comment="a righteous derivation"])
+ </pre>
+<p> Here
+ <span class="name">d</span> is the optional derivation identifier,
+ <span class="name">e2</span> is the identifier for the entity being derived,
+ <span class="name">e1</span> is the identifier of the entity from which <span class="name">e2</span> is derived,
+ <span class="name">a</span> is the optional identifier of the activity which used/generated the entities,
+ <span class="name">g2</span> is the optional identifier of the generation,
+ <span class="name">u1</span> is the optional identifier of the usage,
+ and <span class="name">[prov:comment="a righteous derivation"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, -, g2, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, -, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, -)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, -, -)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, -, -, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, -, -, -)
+wasDerivedFrom(d, e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(-, e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+<section id="expression-Revision">
+<h4>Revision</h4>
+
+<div class="grammar">
+<span class="nonterminal">revisionExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">wasRevisionOf</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+( <span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+wasRevisionOf(rev1, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, w3:Consortium, [prov:comment="??"] )
+ </pre>
+<p> Here
+ <span class="name">rev1</span> is the optional revision identifier,
+ <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is the identifier of the revised entity,
+ <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</span> is the identifier of the original entity,
+ <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span> is the optional identifier of the agent involved in the revision,
+ and <span class="name"> [prov:comment="??"] )</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+wasRevisionOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, -)
+wasRevisionOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, w3:Consortium)
+wasRevisionOf(id,tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, w3:Consortium)
+wasRevisionOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, -)
+wasRevisionOf(id,tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, -)
+wasRevisionOf(-,tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, -)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section> <!-- end revision -->
+<section id="expression-quotation">
+<h4>Quotation</h4>
+
+<div class="grammar">
+<span class="nonterminal">quotationExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">wasQuotedFrom</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="optional">
+<span class="name">,</span>
+( <span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="name">,</span>
+( <span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+wasQuotedFrom(quoteId1, ex:blockQuote,ex:blog,ex:Luc,ex:Paul,[])
+ </pre>
+<p> Here
+ <span class="name">quoteId1</span> is the optional revision identifier,
+ <span class="name">ex:blockQuote</span> is the identifier of the entity that represents the quote (the partial copy)
+ <span class="name">ex:blog</span> is the identifier of the original entity being quoted,
+ <span class="name">ex:Luc</span> is the optional identifier of the agent who performs the quoting,
+ <span class="name">ex:Paul</span> is the optional identifier of the agent to whom the original entity is attributed,
+ and <span class="name">[]</span> is the (empty) optional set of attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+wasQuotedFrom(ex:blockQuote,ex:blog)
+wasQuotedFrom(ex:blockQuote,ex:blog,ex:Luc,ex:Paul)
+wasQuotedFrom(ex:blockQuote,ex:blog,-,ex:Paul)
+wasQuotedFrom(ex:blockQuote,ex:blog,ex:Luc,ex:Paul,[])
+wasQuotedFrom(ex:blockQuote,ex:blog, -, -)
+wasQuotedFrom(id,ex:blockQuote,ex:blog,ex:Luc,ex:Paul)
+wasQuotedFrom(-,ex:blockQuote,ex:blog,ex:Luc,-)
+
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</section> <!-- end quotation -->
+
+
+<section id="expression-original-source">
+<h4>Original Source</h4>
+
+<div class="grammar">
+<span class="nonterminal">originalSourceExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">hadOriginalSource</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+hadOriginalSource(src1, ex:e1, ex:e2,[ex:param="a"])
+ </pre>
+<p> Here
+ <span class="name">src1</span> is the optional original source identifier,
+ <span class="name">ex:e1</span> is the identifier of the derived entity,
+ <span class="name">ex:e2</span> is the identifier of the original source entity,
+ and <span class="name">[ex:param="a"]</span> is the optional set of attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+hadOriginalSource(ex:e1, ex:e2)
+hadOriginalSource(ex:e1, ex:e2,[ex:param="a"])
+hadOriginalSource(-,ex:e1, ex:e2,[ex:param="a"])
+hadOriginalSource(-,ex:e1, ex:e2)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</section> <!-- end original source -->
+<section id="expression-trace">
+<h4>Trace</h4>
+
+<div class="grammar">
+<span class="nonterminal">traceExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">tracedTo</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+tracedTo(id,e2,e1,[ex:param="a"])
+ </pre>
+<p> Here
+ <span class="name">id</span> is the optional trace identifier,
+ <span class="name">e2</span> is an entity identifier,
+ <span class="name">e1</span> is the identifier for an ancestor entity that <span class="name">e2</span> depends on,
+ and <span class="name">[ex:param="a"]</span> is the optional set of attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+tracedTo(e2,e1)
+tracedTo(e2,e1,[ex:param="a"])
+tracedTo(-,e2,e1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+</section>
+<section id="component4">
+<h3>Component 4: Alternate Entities</h3>
+<section id="expression-alternate">
+<h4>Alternate</h4>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+ <span class="nonterminal">alternateExpression</span> ::=
+ <span class="name">alternateOf</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+alternateOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex:alternate-20111215)
+</pre>
+ Here <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is alternate for <span class="name">ex:alternate-20111215</span>.
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+<section id="expression-specialization">
+<h4>Specialization</h4>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+ <span class="nonterminal">specializationExpression</span> ::=
+ <span class="name">specializationOf</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+specializationOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,tr:prov-dm)
+</pre>
+ Here <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is a specialization of <span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span>.
+</div>
+
+</section>
+</section>
+
+<section id="component5">
+<h3>Component 5: Collections</h3>
+
+<div class="note">Grammar for collections MAY under go minor syntactic changes since it has not been implemented yet.</div>
+
+In the productions in this section, nonterminals <span class="nonterminal">keyValuePairs</span> and <span class="nonterminal">keySet</span> are defined as follows.
+
+<div class="grammar">
+<span class="nonterminal">keyValuePairs</span> ::=
+<span class="name">(</span>
+ <span class="nonterminal">literal</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eidentifier</span>
+ <span class="name">)</span>
+|
+<span class="name">(</span>
+ <span class="nonterminal">literal</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eidentifier</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">keyValuePairs</span>
+</div>
+
+ <div class="grammar">
+<span class="nonterminal">keySet</span> ::=
+ <span class="nonterminal">literal</span>
+|
+ <span class="nonterminal">literal</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">keySet</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<section id="expression-collection-insertion">
+<h3>Insertion</h3>
+
+<div class="grammar">
+ <span class="nonterminal">derivationByInsertionFromExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">derivedByInsertionFrom</span>
+ <span class="name">(</span>
+ <span class="optional"><span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span></span>
+<span class="nonterminal">cIdentifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">cIdentifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span>
+ <span class="name">{</span>
+ <span class="nonterminal">keyValuePairs</span>
+ <span class="name">}</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+ <span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+ derivedByInsertionFrom(id, c1, c, {("k1", v1), ("k2", v2)}, [])
+ </pre>
+<p> Here
+ <span class="name">id</span> is the optional insertion identifier,
+ <span class="name">c1</span> is the identifier for the collection after the insertion,
+ <span class="name">c</span> is the identifier for the collection before the insertion,
+ <span class="name"> {("k1", v1), ("k2", v2)}</span> is the set of key-value pairs that have been inserted in
+ <span class="name">c</span>,
+ and <span class="name">[]</span> is the optional (empty) set of attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+ derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c, {("k1", v1), ("k2", v2)})
+ derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c, {("k1", v1)})
+ derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c, {("k1", v1), ("k2", v2)}, [])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="expression-collection-removal">
+<h3>Removal</h3>
+
+<div class="grammar">
+ <span class="nonterminal">derivationByRemovalFromExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">derivedByRemovalFrom</span>
+ <span class="name">(</span>
+ <span class="optional"><span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span></span>
+<span class="nonterminal">cIdentifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">cIdentifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span>
+ <span class="name">{</span>
+ <span class="nonterminal">keySet</span>
+ <span class="name">}</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+ <span class="name">)</span>
+ <br>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+ derivedByRemovalFrom(id, c3, c, {"k1", "k3"}, [])
+ </pre>
+<p> Here
+ <span class="name">id</span> is the optional removal identifier,
+ <span class="name">c1</span> is the identifier for the collection after the removal,
+ <span class="name">c</span> is the identifier for the collection before the removal,
+ <span class="name"> {("k1", v1), ("k2", v2)}</span> is the set of key-value pairs that have been removed from
+ <span class="name">c</span>,
+ and <span class="name">[]</span> is the optional (empty) set of attributes. </p>
+ The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+ derivedByRemovalFrom(c3, c1, {"k1", "k3"})
+ derivedByRemovalFrom(c3, c1, {"k1"})
+ derivedByRemovalFrom(c3, c1, {"k1", "k3"}, [])
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="expression-collection-membership">
+<h3>Membership</h3>
+
+<div class="grammar">
+ <span class="nonterminal">membershipExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">isMemberOf</span>
+ <span class="name">(</span>
+ <span class="optional"><span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span></span>
+<span class="nonterminal">cIdentifier</span>
+ <span class="name">,</span>
+ <span class="name">{</span>
+ <span class="nonterminal">keyValuePairs</span>
+ <span class="name">}</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+ <span class="name">)</span>
+ <br>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+ memberOf(mid, c, {("k4", v4), ("k5", v5)}, [])
+ </pre>
+<p> Here
+ <span class="name">mid</span> is the optional membership identifier,
+ <span class="name">c</span> is the identifier for the collection whose membership is stated,
+ <span class="name"> {("k4", v4), ("k5", v5)}</span> is the set of key-value pairs that are members of
+ <span class="name">c</span>,
+ and <span class="name">[]</span> is the optional (empty) set of attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+ memberOf(c3, {("k4", v4), ("k5", v5)})
+ memberOf(c3, {("k4", v4)})
+ memberOf(c3, {("k4", v4), ("k5", v5)},[])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+
+</section> <!-- end collections-->
+<section id="component6">
+<h3>Component 6: Annotations</h3>
+ <section id="expression-note">
+<h4>Note</h4>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">noteExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">note</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+note(ann1,[ex:color="blue", ex:screenX=20, ex:screenY=30])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+ </section>
+
+<section id="expression-annotation">
+<h4>Annotation</h4>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">annotationExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">hasAnnotation</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">nIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">
+hasAnnotation(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex2:n1)
+</pre>
+ Here
+ <span class="name">ex2:n1</span> is the identifier for a note of the entity identified by
+ <span class="name">(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>.
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<!--
+<section id="second-class-elements">
+<section id="expression-NamespaceDeclaration">
+</section>
+<section id="expression-identifier">
+</section>
+<section id="expression-attribute">
+<section id="expression-attribute-role">
+</section>
+<section id="expression-attribute-type">
+</section>
+<section id="expression-attribute-label">
+</section>
+<section id="expression-attribute-location">
+</section>
+</section>
+<section id="expression-value">
+</section>
+</section>
+
+-->
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="subexpressions">
+<h3>Further Expressions</h3>
+
+This section defines further expressions of PROV-N.
+
+
+<section id="expression-NamespaceDeclaration">
+<h3>Namespace Declaration</h3>
+
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclarations</span> ::=
+ | <span class="group"><span class="nonterminal">defaultNamespaceDeclaration</span> | <span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclaration</span></span> <span class="star"> <span
+class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclaration</span></span><br>
+<span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclaration</span> ::=
+<span class="name">prefix</span> <span class="nonterminal">prefix</span> <span class="nonterminal">IRI</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">defaultNamespaceDeclaration</span> ::=
+ <span class="name">default</span> <span class="nonterminal">IRI</span> <br/>
+</div>
+
+<p>In PROV-N, the following prefixes are reserved:
+<ul>
+<li> <span class="name">prov</span> denotes the PROV namespace with URI <span class="name">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</span></li>
+<li> <span class="name">xsd</span> denotes the XML Schema namespace with URI <span class="name">http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#</span>.
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p>A PROV-N document MUST NOT redeclare prefixes <span class="name">prov</span> and <span class="name">xsd</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-namespace">
+<p>The following example declares three namespaces, one default, and two with explicit prefixes <span class="name">ex1</span> and <span class="name">ex2</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+container
+ default <http://example.org/0/>
+ prefix ex1 <http://example.org/1/>
+ prefix ex2 <http://example.org/2/>
+...
+end
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="expression-identifier">
+<h4>Identifier</h4>
+
+<p>
+A <dfn id="dfn-qualifiedName">qualified name</dfn> is a name subject to <a>namespace</a> interpretation. It consists of a <a>namespace</a>, denoted by an optional prefix, and a local name.
+The PROV data model stipulates that a qualified name can be mapped into an IRI
+ by concatenating the IRI associated with the prefix and the local part.
+<p>A qualified name's prefix is OPTIONAL. If a prefix occurs in a
+ qualified name, it refers to a <a>namespace</a> declared in a namespace declaration. In the absence of prefix, the qualified name
+ refers to the <a title="default namespace declaration">default namespace</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">qualifiedName</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote an entity)</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote an activity)</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote an agent)</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">gIdentifier</span>::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote a generation)</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">uIdentifier</span>::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote a usage)</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">nIdentifier</span>::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote a note)</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">cIdentifier</span>::= <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote a collection)</em><br/>
+<br/>
+<br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">qualifiedName</span> ::=
+<span class="optional">
+<span class="nonterminal">prefix</span> <span class="name">:</span>
+</span> <span class="nonterminal">localPart</span> | <span class="name">:</span> <span class="nonterminal">localPart</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">prefix</span> ::= <em>a name without colon compatible with the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/#NT-NCName">NC_NAME</a> production [[!XML-NAMES]]</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">localPart</span> ::= <em>a name compatible with the
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdfa-core/#P_reference">reference</a> production [[!RDFA-CORE]]</em>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>A PROV qualified name has a more permissive syntax then XML's <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/#NT-QName">QName</a> [[!XML-NAMES]] since it allows any syntax for its local part provided that the concatenation with the namespace results in a valid IRI [[!IRI]]. </p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-qualified-name">
+<p>Examples of articles on the BBC Web site seen as entities.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+container
+ prefix bbc <http://www.bbc.co.uk/>
+ prefix bbcNews <http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/>
+
+ entity(bbc:) // bbc site itself
+ entity(bbc:news/) // bbc news
+ entity(bbc:news/world-asia-17507976) // a given news article
+
+ entity(bbcNews:) // an alternative way of referring to the bbc news site
+
+end
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-qualified-name2">
+<p>Examples of entities with declared and default namespace.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+container
+ default <http://example.org/2/>
+ prefix ex <http://example.org/1/>
+
+ entity(ex:a) // corresponds to IRI http://example.org/1/a
+ entity(ex:a/) // corresponds to IRI http://example.org/1/a/
+ entity(ex:a/b) // corresponds to IRI http://example.org/1/a/b
+ entity(b) // corresponds to IRI http://example.org/2/b
+ entity(ex:1234) // corresponds to IRI http://example.org/2/1234
+ entity(4567) // corresponds to IRI http://example.org/2/4567
+end
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p><b>Note:</b>The productions for <span class="nonterminal">qualifiedName</span> and <span class="nonterminal">prefix</span> are conflicting. In the context of a <span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclaration</span>, a parser should give precedence to the production for <span class="nonterminal">prefix</span>.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="note">We need to explicitly disallow '<span class="name">-</span>' as first and only character of local part. Instead, it should be encoded as <span class="name">pct-encoded</span> [[!RFC3987]].
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="expression-attribute">
+<h4>Attribute</h4>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">attribute</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">qualifiedName</span><br/>
+</div>
+
+<p>The reserved attributes in the PROV namespace are the following.</p>
+
+<ol>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:label</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:location</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:role</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:type</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:value</span>
+</ol>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="expression-literal">
+<h4>Literal</h4>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">Literal</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">typedLiteral</span> | <span class="nonterminal">convenienceNotation</span> <br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">typedLiteral</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">quotedString</span> <span class="name">%%</span> <span class="nonterminal">datatype</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">datatype</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">qualifiedName</span> <em> listed in Table <a href="#permitted-datatypes">permitted-datatypes</a></em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">convenienceNotation</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">stringLiteral</span> | <span class="nonterminal">intLiteral</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">stringLiteral</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">quotedString</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">quotedString</span> ::= <em>a finite sequence of characters in which " (#x22) and \ (#x5C) occur only in pairs of the form \" (#x5C, #x22) and \\ (#x5C,
+#x5C), enclosed in a pair of " (#x22) characters</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">intLiteral</span> ::= <em>a finite-length non-empty sequence of decimal digits (#x30-#x39) with an optional leading negative sign (-)</em>
+</div>
+
+<p>The non terminals <span class="nonterminal">stringLiteral</span> and
+<span class="nonterminal">intLiteral</span>
+are syntactic sugar for quoted strings with datatype <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#string"><span class="name">xsd:string</span></a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#int"><span class="name">xsd:int</span></a>, respectively.
+</p>
+
+<p> In particular, a Literal may be an IRI-typed string (with datatype <span class="name">xsd:anyURI</span>); such IRI has no specific interpretation in the context of PROV.</p>
+
+<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="permitted-datatypes">Permitted datatypes in literals</caption>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#decimal">xsd:decimal</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#double">xsd:double</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#dateTime">xsd:dateTime</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#integer">xsd:integer</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#float">xsd:float</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#nonNegativeInteger">xsd:nonNegativeInteger</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#string">xsd:string</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#section-XMLLiteral">rdf:XMLLiteral</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#nonPositiveInteger">xsd:nonPositiveInteger</a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#normalizedString">xsd:normalizedString</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#positiveInteger">xsd:positiveInteger</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#token">xsd:token</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#negativeInteger">xsd:negativeInteger</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#language">xsd:language</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#long">xsd:long</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#Name">xsd:Name</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#int">xsd:int</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#NCName">xsd:NCName</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#short">xsd:short</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#NMTOKEN">xsd:NMTOKEN</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#byte">xsd:byte</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#boolean">xsd:boolean</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedLong">xsd:unsignedLong</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#hexBinary">xsd:hexBinary</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedInt">xsd:unsignedInt</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#base64Binary">xsd:base64Binary</a></td><td></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedShort">xsd:unsignedShort</a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#anyURI">xsd:anyURI</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedByte">xsd:unsignedByte</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#anyURI">xsd:QName</a></td><td></td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p><b>Note:</b>The productions for <span class="nonterminal">qualifiedName</span> and <span class="nonterminal">intLiteral</span> are conflicting. In the context of a <span class="nonterminal">Literal</span>, a parser should give precedence to the production for <span class="nonterminal">intLiteral</span>.
+</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+Wouldn't it be useful to introduce a literal for a qualified name?
+Currenlty, we have to write:
+<pre>
+prov:type="ex:Programmer" %% xsd:QName
+</pre>
+to indicate that ex:Programmer should be interpreted as qualified name (QName).
+Instead, we could have a notation such as
+<pre>
+prov:type='ex:Programmer'
+</pre>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<section id="expression-types">
+<h4>Reserved Type Values</h4>
+
+<p>The reserved type values in the PROV namespace are the following.</p>
+
+<ol>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:Account</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:SoftwareAgent</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:Person</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:Organization</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:Plan</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:Collection</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:EmptyCollection</span>
+</ol>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-types">
+<p>The entity <span class="name">ag</span> is a person (type: <span class="name">prov:Person</span>), whereas the entity
+<span class="name">pl</span> is a plan (type: <span class="name">prov:Plan</span>).</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+agent(ag,[prov:type="prov:Person" %% xsd:QName])
+entity(pl,[prov:type="prov:Plan" %% xsd:QName])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="expression-Time">
+<h4>Time Values</h4>
+
+<p><dfn id="dfn-time">Time instants</dfn> are defined according to xsd:dateTime [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]].</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-time">
+
+<p>The third argument in the following usage expression is a time instance, namely 4pm on 2011-11-16.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+used(ex:act2, ar3:0111, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="ExpressionContainer">
+<h4>Expression Container</h4>
+
+<p>An <dfn>expression container</dfn> is a house-keeping construct of PROV-N capable of packaging up PROV-N <a title="expression">expressions</a> and namespace declarations. An expression container forms a self-contained package of provenance descriptions for the purpose of <em>exchanging</em> them. An expression container may be used
+ to package up PROV-N <a title="record">expressions</a> in response to a request for the provenance of something ([[PROV-AQ]]).</p>
+
+<p> Given its status of house keeping construct for the purpose of exchanging provenance expressions, an expression container is not defined as a PROV-N expression (<a href="#grammar-notation">production <span class="nonterminal">expression</span></a>).</p>
+
+
+<p>An expression container, written <span class="name">container decls exprs endContainer</span> in PROV-N, contains:
+<ul>
+<li><em>namespaceDeclarations</em>: a set <span class="name">decls</span> of namespace declarations, declaring namespaces and associated prefixes, which can be used in <a
+title="attribute">attributes</a> and <a title="identifier">identifiers</a> occurring inside <span class="name">exprs</span>;</li>
+<li><em>expressions</em>: a non-empty set of expressions <span class="name">exprs</span>.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>An expression container's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">expressionContainer</span> production.</p>
+
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">expressionContainer</span> ::=
+<span class="name">container</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclarations</span>
+<span class="plus"> <span class="nonterminal">expression</span> </span>
+<span class="name">endContainer</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following container contains expressions related to the provenance of entity
+<span class="name">e2</span>.
+</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+container
+ prefix ex <http://example.org/>
+
+ entity(e2, [ prov:type="File", ex:path="/shared/crime.txt", ex:creator="Alice",
+ ex:content="There was a lot of crime in London last month."])
+ activity(a1, 2011-11-16T16:05:00, -,[prov:type="edit"])
+ wasGeneratedBy(e2, a1, -, [ex:fct="save"])
+ wasAssociatedWith(a1, ag2, -, [prov:role="author"])
+ agent(ag2, [ prov:type="prov:Person" %% xsd:QName, ex:name="Bob" ])
+
+endContainer
+</pre>
+<p>This container could for instance be returned as the result of a query to a provenance store for the provenance of entity <span class="name">e2</span> [[PROV-AQ]].
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="account">
+<h3>Account</h3>
+
+<p>The PROV data model has introduced a notion of account by which a set of provenance descriptions can be bundled up and named. The PROV data model <em>assumes</em> the existence of mechanisms to implement accounts, but such mechanisms remain outside its scope. It is suggested that specific serializations may offer solutions to name bundles of descriptions. </p>
+
+<p>Given that the primary motivation for PROV-N is to provide a notation aimed at human consumption, it is therefore appropriate to introduce a notation for accounts, which would include an account name and a bundle of expressions.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>An account, written <span class="name">account(id, exprs)</span> in PROV-N, contains:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>id</em>: an identifier that identifies this account;</li>
+<li><em>expressions</em>: a set <span class="name">exprs</span> of expressions;</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>In PROV-N, an account's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">accountExpression</span> production of the grammar.</p>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">accountExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">account</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+<span class="plus">
+<span class="nonterminal">expression</span> </span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>It is also useful to package up one or more account expressions in an expression container, for interchange purpose. Hence, <span class="nonterminal">expressionContainer</span> is revised as follows. </p>
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">expressionContainer</span> ::=
+<span class="name">container</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclarations</span>
+<span class="plus"> <span class="nonterminal">expression</span> </span>
+<span class="name">endContainer</span> <br/>
+| <span class="name">container</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">namespaceDeclarations</span>
+<span class="plus"> <span class="nonterminal">accountExpression</span> </span>
+<span class="name">endContainer</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following container </p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+container
+ prefix ex <http://example.org/>
+
+ account(ex:acc1,...)
+ account(ex:acc2,...)
+endContainer
+</pre>
+<p> illustrates how two accounts with identifiers <span class="name">ex:acc1</span> and <span class="name">ex:acc2</span> can be returned in a PROV-N serialization of the provenance of
+something.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following container </p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+container
+ prefix ex <http://example.org/>
+ ...
+
+ account(ex:acc1,
+ entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+ entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+ ...
+ wasAssociatedWith(ex:pub2, w3:Consortium, pr:rec-advance))
+
+ account(ex:acc2,
+ entity(ex:acc1, [prov:type="prov:Account" %% xsd:QName ])
+ wasAttributedTo(ex1:acc1, w3:Consortium))
+
+endContainer
+</pre>
+<p> illustrates a first account, with identifier <span class="name">ex:acc1</span>, containing expressions describing the provenance of the technical report <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>, and a second account <span class="name">ex:acc2</span>, describing the provenance of the first. In account <span class="name">ex:acc2</span>, <span class="name">ex:acc1</span> is the identifier of an entity of type <span class="name">prov:Account</span>.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="media-type">
+<h3>Media Type</h3>
+
+<p>
+The media type of PROV-N is <span class="name">text/prov-n</span>. The content encoding of PROV-N content is UTF-8.
+</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+<p>
+See <a href="http://www.w3.org/2002/06/registering-mediatype">http://www.w3.org/2002/06/registering-mediatype</a> for Register an Internet Media Type for a W3C Spec.</p>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+
+<div id="glossary_div" class="remove">
+<!-- glossary loaded from glossary.js will be hooked up here,
+ class remove, will remove this element from the final output.
+-->
+</div>
+
+<section class="appendix">
+ <h2>Acknowledgements</h2>
+ <p>
+ WG membership to be listed here.
+ </p>
+ </section>
+
+
+ </body></html>
