abstract and introduction
authorSatya Sahoo <satya.sahoo@case.edu>
Sun, 18 Sep 2011 15:04:26 -0400
changeset 309 102a1a84bbb4
parent 308 8be7e9ea81f0
child 310 275f1f542016
abstract and introduction
ontology/ProvenanceFormalModel.html
--- a/ontology/ProvenanceFormalModel.html	Fri Sep 16 14:55:10 2011 +0100
+++ b/ontology/ProvenanceFormalModel.html	Sun Sep 18 15:04:26 2011 -0400
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html>
   <head>
-    <title>Provenance Formal Model</title>
+    <title>PROV Formal Model</title>
     <meta http-equiv='Content-Type' content='text/html;charset=utf-8'/>
     <!-- 
       === NOTA BENE ===
@@ -10,12 +10,29 @@
      -->
     <script src='http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js' class='remove'></script>
     <script class='remove'>
+	var addExtraReferences = function() {
+          for (var k in extraReferences)
+              berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
+      };
+      var extraReferences = {
+        "PROV-DM":
+          "Luc Moreau, Paolo Missier"+
+          "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-direct-semantics\"><cite>PROV Conceptual Model</cite></a>. "+
+          "2011, Work in progress. "+
+          "URL: <a href=\"http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/ProvenanceModel.html\">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/ProvenanceModel.html</a>",
+
+		"PROV-PAQ":
+          "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth "+
+          "<a href=\"http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/tip/paq/provenance-access.html\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
+          "2011, Work in progress. "+
+          "URL: <a href=\"http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/tip/paq/provenance-access.html\">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/tip/paq/provenance-access.html</a>",
+ 	  };
       var respecConfig = {
           // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
           specStatus:           "ED",
           
           // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
-          shortName:            "PIL-FormalModel",
+          shortName:            "PROV-FormalModel",
 
           // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
           // formal title, define it here
@@ -75,21 +92,28 @@
           // document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
           // Team Contact.
           wgPatentURI:  "",
+
+		// Add extraReferences to bibliography database
+          preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
       };
     </script>
   </head>
   <body>
     <section id='abstract'>
-<p> This document describes the Provenance Formal Model, which is an encoding of the <a href = "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/ProvenanceModel.html"> provenance conceptual model </a> in the OWL2 Web Ontology Language (<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-primer/">OWL2</a>) and hence the semantics as well the set of inference rules supported by the Provenance Model.</p>
-
-<p><i> This document is for internal discussion and is expected to evolve into the first Public Working Draft of the Formal Model.</i></p>
+<p> The PROV Formal Model (also PROV ontology) encodes the PROV Data Model [[PROV-DM]] in the OWL2 Web Ontology Language (OWL2). The PROV ontology consists of a set of classes, properties, and restrictions that can be used to represent provenance information. The PROV ontology is specialized to create domain-specific provenance ontologies that model the provenance information specific to different applications. The PROV ontology supports a set of entailments based on OWL2 formal semantics and provenance specific inference rules. The PROV ontology is available for download as a separate OWL2 document.</p>
     </section>
     
     <section>
       <h2>Introduction</h2>
       <p>
-        Placeholder text.
+        The PROV ontology defines the normative modeling of the PROV Data Model [[PROV-DM]] using the W3C OWL2 Web Ontology Language. This document specification describing the set of classes, properties, and restrictions that constitute the PROV ontology, which have been introduced in the PROV Data Model [[PROV-DM]]. This ontology specification provides the foundation for implementation of provenance applications in different applications using the PROV ontology for representing, exchanging, integrating provenance information. Together with the PROV Access and Query [[PROV-PAQ]] and PROV Data Model [[PROV-DM]], this document forms a framework for provenance information management in domain-specific applications.
       </p>
+	  <p>
+		The PROV ontology classes and properties are defined such that they can be specialized for modeling application-specific provenance information in a variety of domains. Thus, the PROV ontology is expected to serve as a <i>reference model</i> for domain-specific provenance ontology and thereby facilitate consistent provenance interchange. This document used an example <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/ProvenanceModel.html#a-file-scenario"> provenance scenario </a> introduced in the PROV Data Model [[PROV-DM]] to demonstrate the specialization of PROV ontology. 
+	  </p>
+	  <p>
+		Finally, this document describes the formal semantics of the PROV ontology using the OWL2 formal semantics, [[!OWL2-DIRECT-SEMANTICS]], [[!OWL2-RDF-BASED-SEMANTICS]], and a set of provenance-specific inference rules. This is expected to support provenance implementations to automatically check for consistency of provenance information represented using PROV ontology and explicitly assert implicit provenance knowledge. 
+	  </p>
 	  <p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
 	      NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED",  "MAY", and
 	      "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
@@ -97,7 +121,7 @@
     </section>
     <section>
       <h2>OWL2 Encoding of the Provenance Model</h2>
-      <p>The PIL Conceptual Model document introduces an example <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/ProvenanceModel.html#a-file-scenario"> provenance scenario </a> describing the creation of crime statistics file stored on a shared file system and edited by journalists Alice, Bob, Charles, David, and Edith. The example scenario can be encoded as a <a href = "http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/"> Resource Description Framework (RDF) </a> graph in <a href = "">Figure 1</a>:</p>
+      <p>The PROV Conceptual Model document introduces an example <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/ProvenanceModel.html#a-file-scenario"> provenance scenario </a> describing the creation of crime statistics file stored on a shared file system and edited by journalists Alice, Bob, Charles, David, and Edith. The example scenario can be encoded as a <a href = "http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/"> Resource Description Framework (RDF) </a> graph in <a href = "">Figure 1</a>:</p>
 	<div class='issue'>insert figure 1</div>
       <p><a href = "">Figure 1</a> represents both the Provenance ontology schema and the instance information. For example,
 		<ul>
@@ -156,7 +180,7 @@
 		<div><b>Class Description</b></div>
 	    <p>Entity is defined to be "An Entity represents an identifiable characterized thing." <i>(from the Provenance Conceptual Model)</i></p>
 		<div><b>OWL syntax</b></div>
-		<pre> pil:Entity rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing. 
+		<pre> PROV:Entity rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing. 
 		</pre>
 		<div><b>Example</b></div>
 		<p> Example of instances of class Entity from the <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/ProvenanceModel.html#a-file-scenario"> provenance scenario </a> are files with identifiers <i>e1</i> and <i>e2</i>. The RDF/XML syntax for this asserting that e1 is an instance of Entity is given below.		
@@ -177,7 +201,7 @@
 		<div><b>Class Description</b></div>
 	    <p>ProcessExecution is defined to be "an identifiable activity, which performs a piece of work." <i>(from the Provenance Conceptual Model)</i></p>
 		<div><b>OWL syntax</b></div>
-		<pre>pil:ProcessExecution rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing.</pre>
+		<pre>PROV:ProcessExecution rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing.</pre>
 		<div><b>Example</b></div>
 		<p> Example of instances of class ProcessExecution from the <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/ProvenanceModel.html#a-file-scenario"> provenance scenario </a> are file creation (<i>pe0</i>) and file editing (<i>pe2</i>) . The RDF/XML syntax for this asserting that pe2 is an instance of ProcessExecution is given below.		
 		<div class="exampleOuter">
@@ -193,7 +217,7 @@
 		<div><b>Class Description</b></div>
 	    <p>Agent is defined to be a "characterized entity capable of activity" <i>(from the Provenance Conceptual Model)</i></p>
 		<div><b>OWL syntax</b></div>
-		<pre>pil:Agent rdfs:subClassOf pil:Entity.</pre>
+		<pre>PROV:Agent rdfs:subClassOf PROV:Entity.</pre>
 		<div><b>Example</b></div>
 		<p> Example of instances of class Agent from the <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/ProvenanceModel.html#a-file-scenario"> provenance scenario </a> are <i>Alice</i> and <i>Edith</i>. The RDF/XML syntax for this asserting that Alice is an instance of Agent is given below.		
 		<div class="exampleOuter">
@@ -208,7 +232,7 @@
 	    <div><b>Class Description</b></div>
 	    <p>Time represents temporal information about entities in the Provenance model.</p>
 		<div><b>OWL syntax</b></div>
-	    <pre>pil:Time rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing.</pre>
+	    <pre>PROV:Time rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing.</pre>
 		<div><b>Example</b></div>
 		<p> Example of instances of class Time from the <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/ProvenanceModel.html#a-file-scenario"> provenance scenario </a> are <i>t</i> and <i>t+1</i>. The RDF/XML syntax for this asserting that t+1 is an instance of Time is given below.		
 		<div class="exampleOuter">
@@ -223,7 +247,7 @@
 	    <div><b>Class Description</b></div>
 	    <p>Revision is defined as a modified version of a Entity.</p> 
 		<div><b>OWL syntax</b></div>
-		<pre>pil:Revision rdfs:subClassOf pil:Entity.</pre>
+		<pre>PROV:Revision rdfs:subClassOf PROV:Entity.</pre>
 		<div class='pending'>Revision should be a class not a  property. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/48">ISSUE-48</a>.</div>
 	    </section>
 		<section>
@@ -231,7 +255,7 @@
 	    <div><b>Class Description</b></div>
 	    <p>ProvenanceContainer is defined to be an aggregation of provenance assertions. A provenance container SHOULD have an URI associated with it.</p>
 		<div><b>OWL syntax</b></div>
-		<pre>pil:ProvenanceContainer rdfs:subClassOf pil:Entity.</pre>
+		<pre>PROV:ProvenanceContainer rdfs:subClassOf PROV:Entity.</pre>
 		<div class='pending'>Asserter needs to be defined. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/51">ISSUE-51</a>.</div>
 		<div class='issue'>Scope and Identifiers. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/81">ISSUE-81</a>.</div>
 	    </section>
@@ -240,14 +264,14 @@
 		<div><b>Class Description</b></div>
 	    <p>Location is defined to be "is an identifiable geographic place (ISO 19112)." <i>(from the Provenance Conceptual Model)</i></p>
 	    <div><b>OWL syntax</b></div>
-		<pre>pil:Location rdfs:subClassOf pil:Entity.</pre>
+		<pre>PROV:Location rdfs:subClassOf PROV:Entity.</pre>
 	    </section>
 		<section>
 		<h4>Role</h4>	    
 		<div><b>Class Description</b></div>
 	    <p>Role is defined to be "a function assumed by a Entity or an agent." <i>(from the Provenance Conceptual Model)</i></p>
 		<div><b>OWL syntax</b></div>
-		<pre>pil:Role rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing.</pre>
+		<pre>PROV:Role rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing.</pre>
 		<div><b>Example</b></div>
 		<p> Example of instances of class Role from the <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/ProvenanceModel.html#a-file-scenario"> provenance scenario </a> are <i>author</i> role assumed by Bob and <i>file creator</i> role assumed by Alice. The RDF/XML syntax for this asserting that Bob assumes the role of an author is given below.		
 		<div class="exampleOuter">
@@ -330,13 +354,21 @@
 		<ul>
 		<li>rdfs:subClassOf: The property rdfs:subClassOf is an instance of rdf:Property that is used to state that all the instances of one class are instances of another. [RDFS-Ref]</li>
 		<li>rdfs:subPropertyOf: "A rdfs:subPropertyOf axiom defines that the property is a subproperty of some other property." [OWL-Ref]</li>
-		</ul>	
-      </p>
+		</ul>
+		To illustrate the specialization mechanism, the Provenance Ontology is extended to create an ontology schema for the <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/ProvenanceModel.html#a-file-scenario">provenance scenario</a> describing the creation of the crime statistics file. </p>
+		<section> 
+			<h3>Specialization of Provenance Ontology Classes</h3>
+			<p> The provenance scenario describes 
+			</p>
+		</section>
+		<section> 
+			<h3>Specialization of Provenance Ontology Properties</h3>
+		</section>		
 	</section>
 	<section>
       <h2>Entailments Supported by the Provenance Model</h2>
       <p>
-        This section covers the entailments supported by the Provenance Model, which include the standard RDFS, OWL entailments.
+        This section covers the entailments supported by the Provenance Model, which include the standard RDFS, OWL entailments. ([[!OWL2-DIRECT-SEMANTICS]], [[!OWL2-RDF-BASED-SEMANTICS]])
       </p>
       <h3>Characteristics of Object Properties </h3>
 	  <p>      
@@ -434,10 +466,10 @@
   If a constraint is dropped, please mark it as "defunct" - don't
   delete it!
   </div>
-<ul><li> <a name="PIL:0001" href="#PIL:0001">PIL:0001</a> "From the
+<ul><li> <a name="PROV:0001" href="#PROV:0001">PROV:0001</a> "From the
   assertion of a process execution, one can infer that the start
-  precedes the end of the represented activity." (<a href="../model/ProvenanceModel.html#PIL:0001">link</a>)
-</li><li> <a name="PIL:0002" href="#PIL:0002">PIL:0002</a> "Given a process execution <b>pe</b>, entity <b>e</b>, role <b>r</b>, and optional time <b>t</b>,
+  precedes the end of the represented activity." (<a href="../model/ProvenanceModel.html#PROV:0001">link</a>)
+</li><li> <a name="PROV:0002" href="#PROV:0002">PROV:0002</a> "Given a process execution <b>pe</b>, entity <b>e</b>, role <b>r</b>, and optional time <b>t</b>,
 if the assertion <b>wasGeneratedBy(e,pe,r)</b>
 or <b>wasGeneratedBy(e,pe,r,t)</b> holds, the values of <em>some</em> of <b>e</b>'s
 attributes are determined by the activity denoted by <b>pe</b> and the
@@ -445,69 +477,69 @@
 Only some (possibly none) of the attributes values  may be determined
 since, in an open world, not all used entities may have been
 asserted."
- (<a href="../model/ProvenanceModel.html#PIL:0002">link</a>)
-</li><li><a name="PIL:0003" href="#PIL:0003">PIL:0003</a> "Given an assertion <b>wasGeneratedBy(x,pe,r)</b> or <b>wasGeneratedBy(x,pe,r,t)</b>, one can
+ (<a href="../model/ProvenanceModel.html#PROV:0002">link</a>)
+</li><li><a name="PROV:0003" href="#PROV:0003">PROV:0003</a> "Given an assertion <b>wasGeneratedBy(x,pe,r)</b> or <b>wasGeneratedBy(x,pe,r,t)</b>, one can
 infer that the generation of the thing denoted by <b>x</b> precedes the end
 of <b>pe</b> and follows the beginning of <b>pe</b> "
- (<a href="../model/ProvenanceModel.html#PIL:0003">link</a>)
+ (<a href="../model/ProvenanceModel.html#PROV:0003">link</a>)
 
-</li><li><a name="PIL:0004" href="#PIL:0004">PIL:0004</a> "Use
+</li><li><a name="PROV:0004" href="#PROV:0004">PROV:0004</a> "Use
 represents the consumption of a characterized entity by an activity."
 (Defunct.)
 
-</li><li><a name="PIL:0005" href="#PIL:0005">PIL:0005</a> "Given a process execution <b>pe</b>, entity <b>e</b>, role <b>r</b>, and optional time <b>t</b>, if
+</li><li><a name="PROV:0005" href="#PROV:0005">PROV:0005</a> "Given a process execution <b>pe</b>, entity <b>e</b>, role <b>r</b>, and optional time <b>t</b>, if
  assertion <b>used(pe,e,r)</b> or <b>used(pe,e,r,t)</b> holds, 
-the existence of the value of an attribute of <b>e</b>' is a pre-condition for the activity denoted by <b>pe</b> to terminate."  (<a href="../model/ProvenanceModel.html#PIL:0005">link</a>)
-</li><li><a name="PIL:0006" href="#PIL:0006">PIL:0006</a> "Given a process execution <b>pe</b>, entity <b>e</b>, role <b>r</b>, and optional time <b>t</b>, if
+the existence of the value of an attribute of <b>e</b>' is a pre-condition for the activity denoted by <b>pe</b> to terminate."  (<a href="../model/ProvenanceModel.html#PROV:0005">link</a>)
+</li><li><a name="PROV:0006" href="#PROV:0006">PROV:0006</a> "Given a process execution <b>pe</b>, entity <b>e</b>, role <b>r</b>, and optional time <b>t</b>, if
  assertion <b>used(pe,e,r)</b> or <b>used(pe,e,r,t)</b> holds, one can
 infer that the use of the thing denoted by <b>e</b> precedes the end
 of <b>pe</b> and follows the beginning of <b>pe</b>. Furthermore, we
 can infer that the generation of the thing denoted by <b>e</b> always precedes
-its use."  (<a href="../model/ProvenanceModel.html#PIL:0006">link</a>)
-</li><li> <a name="PIL:0007" href="#PIL:0007">PIL:0007</a> "Given a process execution <b>pe</b>, entities <b>e1</b> and <b>e2</b>, roles <b>r1</b> and <b>r2</b>, if the assertion <b>wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,pe,r2,r1)</b>
+its use."  (<a href="../model/ProvenanceModel.html#PROV:0006">link</a>)
+</li><li> <a name="PROV:0007" href="#PROV:0007">PROV:0007</a> "Given a process execution <b>pe</b>, entities <b>e1</b> and <b>e2</b>, roles <b>r1</b> and <b>r2</b>, if the assertion <b>wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,pe,r2,r1)</b>
 or <b>wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</b> holds, if and only if:
  the values of some attributes
 of <b>e2</b> are partly or fully determined by the values of some
-attributes of <b>e1</b>."  (<a href="../model/ProvenanceModel.html#PIL:0007">link</a>)
-</li><li><a name="PIL:0008" href="#PIL:0008">PIL:0008</a> "Given a process execution <b>pe</b>, entities <b>e1</b> and <b>e2</b>, roles <b>r1</b> and <b>r2</b>, if the assertion <b>wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,pe,r2,r1)</b>
+attributes of <b>e1</b>."  (<a href="../model/ProvenanceModel.html#PROV:0007">link</a>)
+</li><li><a name="PROV:0008" href="#PROV:0008">PROV:0008</a> "Given a process execution <b>pe</b>, entities <b>e1</b> and <b>e2</b>, roles <b>r1</b> and <b>r2</b>, if the assertion <b>wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,pe,r2,r1)</b>
 or <b>wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</b> holds, then
 the use
 of characterized thing denoted by <b>e1</b> precedes the generation of
-the characterized thing denoted by <b>e2</b>."  (<a href="../model/ProvenanceModel.html#PIL:0008">link</a>)
-</li><li><a name="PIL:0009" href="#PIL:0009">PIL:0009</a> "If <b>wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</b> holds, then there exists a process execution <b>pe</b>, and roles <b>r1</b>,<b>r2</b>,
+the characterized thing denoted by <b>e2</b>."  (<a href="../model/ProvenanceModel.html#PROV:0008">link</a>)
+</li><li><a name="PROV:0009" href="#PROV:0009">PROV:0009</a> "If <b>wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</b> holds, then there exists a process execution <b>pe</b>, and roles <b>r1</b>,<b>r2</b>,
 such that:
-  <b>wasGeneratedBy(e2,pe,r2)</b> and <b>used(pe,e1,r1)</b>."  (<a href="../model/ProvenanceModel.html#PIL:0009">link</a>)
-</li><li><a name="PIL:0010" href="#PIL:0010">PIL:0010</a> "If <b>wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,pe,r2,r1)</b> holds, then <b>wasGeneratedBy(e2,pe,r2)</b> and <b>used(pe,e1,r1)</b> also hold." (<a href="../model/ProvenanceModel.html#PIL:0010">link</a>)
-</li><li><a name="PIL:0011" href="#PIL:0011">PIL:0011</a> "Given a process execution <b>pe</b>, entities <b>e1</b> and <b>e2</b>, and role <b>r2</b>,
+  <b>wasGeneratedBy(e2,pe,r2)</b> and <b>used(pe,e1,r1)</b>."  (<a href="../model/ProvenanceModel.html#PROV:0009">link</a>)
+</li><li><a name="PROV:0010" href="#PROV:0010">PROV:0010</a> "If <b>wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,pe,r2,r1)</b> holds, then <b>wasGeneratedBy(e2,pe,r2)</b> and <b>used(pe,e1,r1)</b> also hold." (<a href="../model/ProvenanceModel.html#PROV:0010">link</a>)
+</li><li><a name="PROV:0011" href="#PROV:0011">PROV:0011</a> "Given a process execution <b>pe</b>, entities <b>e1</b> and <b>e2</b>, and role <b>r2</b>,
 if <b>wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</b> and <b>wasGeneratedBy(e2,pe,r2)</b> hold, then there exists a role <b>r1</b>,
-such that <b>used(pe,e1,r1)</b> also holds." (<a href="../model/ProvenanceModel.html#PIL:0011">link</a>)
+such that <b>used(pe,e1,r1)</b> also holds." (<a href="../model/ProvenanceModel.html#PROV:0011">link</a>)
 </li>
-<li><a name="PIL:0012" href="#PIL:0012">PIL:0012</a> "Given two entities <b>e1</b> and <b>e2</b>, if the assertion <b>isEventuallyDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</b>
+<li><a name="PROV:0012" href="#PROV:0012">PROV:0012</a> "Given two entities <b>e1</b> and <b>e2</b>, if the assertion <b>isEventuallyDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</b>
  holds, then:
 generation of the characterized thing denoted by <b>e1</b> precedes the generation of
-the characterized thing denoted by <b>e2</b>." (<a href="../model/ProvenanceModel.html#PIL:0012">link</a>)
+the characterized thing denoted by <b>e2</b>." (<a href="../model/ProvenanceModel.html#PROV:0012">link</a>)
 </li>
-<li><a name="PIL:0013" href="#PIL:0013">PIL:0013</a> "An assertion "wasComplementOf(B,A)" holds over the temporal intersection of A and B, <em>only if</em>: 
+<li><a name="PROV:0013" href="#PROV:0013">PROV:0013</a> "An assertion "wasComplementOf(B,A)" holds over the temporal intersection of A and B, <em>only if</em>: 
 <ol>
 <li> if a mapping can be established from an attribute X of B to an attribute Y of A, then the values of A and B must be consistent with that mapping</em>  </li>
   <li>B has some attribute that A does not have
-</li></ol>" (<a href="../model/ProvenanceModel.html#PIL:0013">link</a>)
+</li></ol>" (<a href="../model/ProvenanceModel.html#PROV:0013">link</a>)
 </li>
-<li><a name="PIL:0014" href="#PIL:0014">PIL:0014</a> "Given a process execution <b>pe</b> and entity <b>e</b>, <b>hadPariticipant(pe,e)</b> holds if and only if:
+<li><a name="PROV:0014" href="#PROV:0014">PROV:0014</a> "Given a process execution <b>pe</b> and entity <b>e</b>, <b>hadPariticipant(pe,e)</b> holds if and only if:
 <ul> 
 <li> <b>used(pe,e)</b> holds, or</li>
 <li> <b>wasControlledBy(pe,e)</b> holds, or</li>
 <li>  <b>wasComplementOf(e1,e)</b> holds for some entities <b>e1</b>, and 
  <b>hadPariticipant(pe,e1)</b>  some process execution <b>pe</b>.</li>
-</ul>" (<a href="../model/ProvenanceModel.html#PIL:0014">link</a>)
+</ul>" (<a href="../model/ProvenanceModel.html#PROV:0014">link</a>)
 </li>
-<li><a name="PIL:XXXX" href="#PIL:XXXX">PIL:XXXX</a> "Template
- for more constraints" (<a href="../model/ProvenanceModel.html#PIL:XXXX">link</a>)
+<li><a name="PROV:XXXX" href="#PROV:XXXX">PROV:XXXX</a> "Template
+ for more constraints" (<a href="../model/ProvenanceModel.html#PROV:XXXX">link</a>)
 </li>
 <li><div class='constraint'>
   <p>
-  <a name="PIL:XXXX">Template for constraints in ConceptualModel</a>
-  [<a href="../ontology/ProvenanceFormalModel.html#PIL:XXXX">PIL:XXXX</a>]
+  <a name="PROV:XXXX">Template for constraints in ConceptualModel</a>
+  [<a href="../ontology/ProvenanceFormalModel.html#PROV:XXXX">PROV:XXXX</a>]
 </p>
   </div>
 <li> Various things involving IVP-of
@@ -518,7 +550,7 @@
     <section class='appendix'>
       <h2>Acknowledgements</h2>
       <p>
-        Many thanks to Robin Berjon for making our lives so much easier with his cool tool.
+        The Provenance Working Group Members.
       </p>
     </section>
   </body>