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+ <body><div class="head">
+ <p>
+
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img width="72" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" alt="W3C"></a>
+
+ </p>
+ <h1 class="title" id="title">PROV-XML: The PROV XML Schema</h1>
+
+ <h2 id="w3c-working-draft-12-march-2013"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Working Draft 12 March 2013</h2>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>This version:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-xml-20130312/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-xml-20130312/</a></dd>
+ <dt>Latest published version:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-xml/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-xml/</a></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/xml/prov-xml.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/xml/prov-xml.html</a></dd>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <dt>Previous version:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/NOTE-prov-xml-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/NOTE-prov-xml-20121211/</a> <a href="diff.html">(color-coded diff)</a></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Editors:</dt>
+ <dd><span>(In alphabetical order)</span></dd>
+<dd><span>Hook Hua</span>, Invited Expert</dd>
+<dd><span>Curt Tilmes</span>, National Aeronautics and Space Administration</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://tw.rpi.edu/web/person/StephanZednik">Stephan Zednik</a>, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Author:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/">Luc Moreau</a>, University of Southampton</dd>
+
+
+ </dl>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <p class="copyright">
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> ©
+ 2012-2013
+
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup>
+ (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>,
+ <a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>,
+ <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>, <a href="http://ev.buaa.edu.cn/">Beihang</a>), All Rights Reserved.
+ <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>,
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.
+ </p>
+
+
+ <hr>
+</div>
+
+<section id="abstract" class="introductory"><h2>Abstract</h2>
+<p>
+Provenance is information about entities, activities, and people involved in producing a piece of data or thing, which can be used to form assessments about its quality, reliability or trustworthiness. PROV-DM is the conceptual data model that forms a basis for the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> provenance (PROV) family of specifications. It defines a concepts for expressing provenance information enabling interchange. This document introduces an XML schema for the PROV data model (PROV-DM), allowing instances of the PROV data model to be serialized in XML.
+</p>
+<p>The <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20130312/">PROV Document Overview</a> describes the overall state of PROV, and should be read before other PROV documents.</p>
+</section><section id="sotd" class="introductory"><h2>Status of This Document</h2>
+
+
+
+ <p>
+ <em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other
+ documents may supersede this document. A list of current <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> publications and the latest revision
+ of this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> technical reports
+ index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em>
+ </p>
+
+<h4 id="prov-family-of-documents">PROV Family of Documents</h4>
+This document is part of the PROV family of documents, a set of documents defining various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
+interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. These documents are listed below. Please consult the [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">PROV-OVERVIEW</a></cite>] for a guide to reading these documents.
+<ul>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-overview-20130312/">PROV-OVERVIEW</a> (To be published as Note), an overview of the PROV family of documents [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">PROV-OVERVIEW</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-primer-20130312/">PROV-PRIMER</a> (To be published as Note), a primer for the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-PRIMER">PROV-PRIMER</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/">PROV-O</a> (Proposed Recommendation), the PROV ontology, an OWL2 ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/">PROV-DM</a> (Proposed Recommendation), the PROV data model for provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/">PROV-N</a> (Proposed Recommendation), a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-constraints-20130312/">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a> (Proposed Recommendation), a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-xml-20130312/">PROV-XML</a> (To be published as Note), an XML schema for the PROV data model (this document);</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-aq-20130312/">PROV-AQ</a> (To be published as Note), the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>]; </li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dictionary-20130312/">PROV-DICTIONARY</a> (To be published as Note) introduces a specific type of collection, consisting of key-entity pairs [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DICTIONARY">PROV-DICTIONARY</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dc-20130312/">PROV-DC</a> (To be published as Note) provides a mapping between PROV and Dublic Core Terms [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DC">PROV-DC</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-sem-20130312/">PROV-SEM</a> (To be published as Note), a declarative specification in terms of first-order logic of the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-SEM">PROV-SEM</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-links-20130312/">PROV-LINKS</a> (To be published as Note) introduces a mechanism to link across bundles [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-LINKS">PROV-LINKS</a></cite>].</li>
+</ul>
+
+ <p>
+ This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/">Provenance Working Group</a> as a Working Draft.
+
+
+ If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to
+ <a href="mailto:public-prov-comments@w3.org">public-prov-comments@w3.org</a>
+ (<a href="mailto:public-prov-comments-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>,
+ <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/">archives</a>).
+
+
+
+
+ All comments are welcome.
+
+
+ </p><p>
+ Publication as a Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Membership.
+ This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at
+ any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.
+ </p>
+
+
+ <p>
+
+ This document was produced by a group operating under the
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent Policy</a>.
+
+ The group does not expect this document to become a <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Recommendation.
+
+
+ <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent disclosures</a>
+
+ made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for
+ disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the
+ information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section
+ 6 of the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent Policy</a>.
+
+
+ </p>
+
+
+
+
+</section><section id="toc"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#introduction" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-namespace" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.1 </span>PROV Namespace</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#conventions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.2 </span>Conventions</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#schema-design" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>XML Schema Design</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#schema-modularization" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1 </span>Schema Modularization</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#design-pattern" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2 </span><i>Salami Slice</i> Design Pattern</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#elements-vs-attributes" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Elements vs. Attributes</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#type-conventions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.4 </span>Type Conventions</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#naming-conventions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.5 </span>Naming Conventions</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#schema-components" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>PROV XML Schema</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#component1" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1 </span>Component 1: Entities and Activities</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Entity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.1 </span>Entity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Activity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.2 </span>Activity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Generation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.3 </span>Generation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Usage" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.4 </span>Usage</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Communication" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.5 </span>Communication</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Start" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.6 </span>Start</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-End" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.7 </span>End</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Invalidation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.8 </span>Invalidation</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component2" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2 </span>Component 2: Derivations</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Derivation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.1 </span>Derivation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Revision" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.2 </span>Revision</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Quotation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.3 </span>Quotation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Primary-Source" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.4 </span>Primary Source</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component3" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3 </span>Component 3: Agents, Responsibility, and Influence</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Agent" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.1 </span>Agent</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Person" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.1.1 </span>Person</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Organization" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.1.2 </span>Organization</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-SoftwareAgent" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.1.3 </span>Software Agent</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Attribution" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.2 </span>Attribution</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Association" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.3 </span>Association</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Plan" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.3.1 </span>Plan</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Delegation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.4 </span>Delegation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Influence" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.5 </span>Influence</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component4" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.4 </span>Component 4: Bundles</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Bundle" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.4.1 </span>Bundle</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-BundleConstructor" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.4.2 </span>Bundle Constructor</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component5" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.5 </span>Component 5: Alternate Entities</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Specialization" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.5.1 </span>Specialization</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Alternate" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.5.2 </span>Alternate</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component6" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.6 </span>Component 6: Collections</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Collection" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.6.1 </span>Collection</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-EmptyCollection" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.6.1.1 </span>Empty Collection</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Membership" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.6.2 </span>Membership</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#further-elements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7 </span>Further Elements of PROV</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#attribute-Identifier" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.1 </span>Identifier</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#attribute-Reference" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.2 </span>Reference</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#attributes" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.3 </span>Attributes</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#element-Label" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.3.1 </span>Label</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#element-Location" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.3.2 </span>Location</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#element-Role" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.3.3 </span>Role</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#element-Type" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.3.4 </span>Type</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#element-Value" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.3.5 </span>Value</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#type-value" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.4 </span>Value</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#structural-elements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.8 </span>Structural Elements of PROV-XML</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.8.1 </span>Document</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#media-type" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span>Media Type</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-xml-schema" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A. </span>XML Schema</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-schema" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A.1 </span>prov.xsd</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-core-schema" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A.2 </span>prov-core.xsd</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#extension-schemas" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A.3 </span>Extension Schemas</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#changelog" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B. </span>Change Log</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#changelog-last" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B.1 </span>Changes since last version</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C. </span>Acknowledgements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">D. </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">D.1 </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></section> <!-- end abstract -->
+
+ <!-- end sotd -->
+
+<section id="introduction">
+<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</h2>
+
+<p>
+For the purpose of this specification, <dfn id="dfn-provenance" class="internalDFN">provenance</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-provenance"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is defined as a record that describes the people, institutions, entities, and activities involved in producing, influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a thing. In particular, the provenance of information is crucial in deciding whether information is to be trusted, how it should be integrated with other diverse information sources, and how to give credit to its originators when reusing it. In an open and inclusive environment such as the Web, where users find information that is often contradictory or questionable, provenance can help those users to make trust judgements.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The PROV data model, PROV-DM, presents a generic data model for provenance that allows domain and application specific representations of provenance to be translated into such a data model and <em>interchanged</em> between systems. Thus, heterogeneous systems can export their native provenance into such a core data model, and applications that need to make sense of provenance can then import it,
+process it, and reason over it.</p>
+
+<p>
+The PROV data model distinguishes <em>core structures</em> from <em>extended structures</em>: core structures form the essence of provenance information, and are commonly found in various domain-specific vocabularies that deal with provenance or similar kinds of information [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-Mappings">Mappings</a></cite>]. Extended structures enhance and refine core structures with more expressive capabilities to cater for more advanced uses of provenance. The PROV data model, comprising both core and extended structures, is a domain-agnostic model, but with clear extensibility points allowing further domain-specific and application-specific extensions to be defined.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The PROV data model has a modular design and is structured according to six components covering various facets of provenance:</p>
+<ul>
+<li> component 1: entities and activities, and the time at which they were created, used, or ended;
+</li><li> component 2: derivations of entities from others;
+</li><li> component 3: agents bearing responsibility for entities that were generated and activities that happened;
+</li><li> component 4: bundles, a mechanism to support provenance of provenance;
+</li><li> component 5: properties to link entities that refer to a same thing;
+</li><li> component 6: collections forming a logical structure for its members.
+</li></ul>
+
+<p>
+This specification goal is to provide a succinct definition of the XML form of PROV-DM, thus, we refer the reader to the PROV-DM to provide overall justification and context to the definitions presented here.
+</p>
+
+<section id="prov-namespace">
+<h3><span class="secno">1.1 </span>PROV Namespace</h3>
+<p>The PROV namespace is <span class="name">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</span>.</p>
+<p> All the concepts, reserved names and attributes introduced in this specification belong to the PROV namespace.</p>
+</section> <!-- end prov-namespace -->
+
+<section id="conventions">
+<h3><span class="secno">1.2 </span>Conventions</h3>
+
+<p>The key words "<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">MUST</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST NOT">MUST NOT</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="REQUIRED">REQUIRED</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="SHALL">SHALL</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="SHALL
+ NOT">SHALL
+ NOT</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="SHOULD">SHOULD</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="SHOULD NOT">SHOULD NOT</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="RECOMMENDED">RECOMMENDED</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="MAY">MAY</em>", and
+ "<em class="rfc2119" title="OPTIONAL">OPTIONAL</em>" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
+ [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC2119">RFC2119</a></cite>].</p>
+</section> <!-- end conventions -->
+
+</section> <!-- end introduction -->
+
+<section id="schema-design">
+<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">2. </span>XML Schema Design</h2>
+
+<p>Several general design principles and patterns were used in the construction of the PROV XML Schema.</p>
+
+<section id="schema-modularization">
+<h3><span class="secno">2.1 </span>Schema Modularization</h3>
+<p>The PROV-XML schema have been modularized so that extension elements defined in Working Group Notes can be defined in separate schemas. Elements corresponding to terms defined in the PROV-DM are defined in the <b>prov-core.xsd</b> schema and elements corresponding to terms defined in notes are defined in extension schemas (e.g. <b>prov-dictionary.xsd</b>, <b>prov-links.xsd</b>). The default schema, <b>prov.xsd</b>, imports <b>prov-core.xsd</b> and all extension schemas developed by the Working Group. With this modeling all PROV elements, even those defined in Notes, are defined from the default schema. If the user wishes to leverage a schema that does not include extension elements the user can use schemaLocation to directly reference <b>prov-core.xsd</b>.</p>
+<p>The default schema - <b>prov.xsd</b></p>
+<pre><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ elementFormDefault="qualified"
+ attributeFormDefault="unqualified">
+
+ <xs:include schemaLocation="prov-core.xsd"/>
+ <xs:include schemaLocation="extensions/prov-dictionary.xsd"/>
+ <xs:include schemaLocation="extensions/prov-links.xsd"/>
+
+</xs:schema>
+</pre>
+<p>Extension schemas import the <b>prov-core.xsd</b> schema and make use of a substitution group on the <code>prov:internalElement</code> to add extension-defined elements to the list of valid PROV elements in a bundle or document.</p>
+<p>The <b>prov-links.xsd</b> extension schema.</p>
+<pre><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#" xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ elementFormDefault="qualified">
+
+ <xs:include schemaLocation="../prov-core.xsd" />
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Mention">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="specificEntity" type="prov:IDRef" />
+ <xs:element name="generalEntity" type="prov:IDRef" />
+ <xs:element name="bundle" type="prov:IDRef" />
+ </xs:sequence>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:element name="mentionOf" type="prov:Mention" substitutionGroup="prov:internalElement" />
+
+</xs:schema>
+</pre>
+<p>All schemas developed by the PROV WG utilize the PROV namespace.</p>
+</section> <!-- end schema-modularization -->
+
+<section id="design-pattern">
+<h3><span class="secno">2.2 </span><i>Salami Slice</i> Design Pattern</h3>
+<p>The general design pattern for the XML schema has been called <i>Salami Slice Design</i> (cite?). With this design, the individual components are each defined at the top level as separate elements with distinct types. This allows the types to be easily reusable for domain specific extensions.</p>
+<p>The <code>prov:document</code> element has been defined to act as a convenient root element for a PROV-XML document, but it's use as the root element is not required. The schema follows the Salami Slice pattern to ensure PROV XML elements can be integrated with mixed-schema XML documents which require a different document root.</p>
+</section> <!-- end design-pattern -->
+
+<section id="elements-vs-attributes">
+<h3><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Elements vs. Attributes</h3>
+
+<p>The general PROV-N syntax patterns for expressing provenance
+concepts are:
+</p>
+
+<pre class="codeexample">thing(id, elem1, elem2, ..., [attr1=val1, attr2=val2])
+concept(id; elem1, elem2, ... [attr1=val2, attr2=val2])
+</pre>
+
+<p>In both cases (required id or optional id), the PROV-N id is treated as an XML attribute (<code>prov:id</code>), the PROV-N "elements" are treated as XML elements, always with the same required order (position) as the PROV-DM/PROV-N description, and optional PROV-N "attributes", if allowed, always follow and are also represented by XML elements. As in PROV-N, the attributes can be specified multiple times, but unlike PROV-N the attributes have a fixed (alphabetical) order. The PROV-N "attribute" elements are always defined at the end of the encompassing sequence after all PROV-N "elements". Elements defined in namespaces other than the PROV namespace may be included in a element after all PROV elements.</p>
+
+<p>Wherever an "id" is referenced from a later concept, the id is
+referenced as a prov:ref attribute of the element within the concept.
+</p>
+
+<p>This transformation technique yields a general XML pattern:
+</p>
+
+<pre class="codeexample"><prov:thing prov:id="id">
+ <prov:elem1 />
+ <prov:elem2 />
+ ...
+ <ex:attr1>val1</ex:attr1>
+ <ex:attr2>val2</ex:attr2>
+ ...
+</prov:thing>
+</pre>
+<p>Most of the concepts described below follow this general pattern.</p>
+</section> <!-- end elements-vs-attributes -->
+
+<section id="type-conventions">
+<h3><span class="secno">2.4 </span>Type Conventions</h3>
+<p>The PROV-DM states that type information is described using a the prov:type PROV attribute with and may occur multiple times for a given entity, activity, agent, or relation.</p>
+<p>PROV-XML uses the element <code>prov:type</code> to represent the prov:type PROV attribute. This element can be use to represent both PROV and non-PROV type information. The following examples shows type information encoded using the <code>prov:type</code> element.</p>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 1</span>: type information using prov:type PROV attribute</div><pre class="example" ignore=""><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:tr="http://example.com/ns/tr#">
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">prov:Plan</prov:type>
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">ex:Workflow</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+<p>PROV-XML defines complexTypes to match the PROV defined type values. These types provide a more native XML representation of PROV types. The following example is considered equivalent to the previous example because the element <code>prov:plan</code> has type <code>prov:Plan</code>.</p>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 2</span>: type information using schema defined types</div><pre class="example" ignore=""><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:tr="http://example.com/ns/tr#">
+
+ <prov:plan prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">ex:Workflow</prov:type>
+ </prov:plan>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+<p>Because the <code>prov:Plan</code> complexType is defined as an extension of the complexType <code>prov:Entity</code>, the following example using <code>xsi:type</code> is valid and considered equivalent to the two previous examples. The attribute <code>xsi:type</code> tells an XML parser the complexType of the element. The value of <code>xsi:type</code> must be a complexType derived from the default element type.</p>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 3</span>: type information using xsi:type</div><pre class="example" ignore=""><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:tr="http://example.com/ns/tr#">
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215" xsi:type="prov:Plan">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">ex:Workflow</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+
+<p>The <code>prov:type</code> element is the only mechanism to explicitly declare multiple types for an instance or declare types that are not derived from the default element type. The <code>prov:type</code> element can be used in conjunction with schema-defined PROV types (see examples 2 and 3).</p>
+</section>
+
+<section id="naming-conventions">
+<h3><span class="secno">2.5 </span>Naming Conventions</h3>
+<p>Element names are aligned with [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>] record names (e.g. <code>prov:wasGeneratedBy</code>, <code>prov:actedOnBehalfOf</code>) and record parameter roles (e.g. <code>prov:delegate</code>, <code>prov:responsible</code> on a Delegation). Elements are named in camelCase which also conforms with [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>] naming conventions.</p>
+<p>ComplexType names are aligned with [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] type names (e.g. <code>prov:Generation</code>, <code>prov:Delegation</code>). ComplexTypes are named in PascalCase which conforms to [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] naming conventions and differentiates complexTypes from elements in the schema.</p>
+</section> <!-- end naming-conventions -->
+
+</section> <!-- end schema-design -->
+
+<section id="schema-components">
+<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">3. </span>PROV XML Schema</h2>
+
+<p>Provenance concepts, expressed as PROV-DM types and relations, are organized according to six components that are defined in this section.</p>
+
+<div id="prov-dm-components-ul">
+<ul>
+<li><b>Component 1: entities and activities.</b> The first component consists of entities, activities, and concepts linking them, such as generation, usage, start, end. The first component is the only one comprising time-related concepts. </li>
+<li><b>Component 2: derivations.</b> The second component is formed with derivations and derivation subtypes.</li>
+<li><b>Component 3: agents, responsibility, and influence.</b> The third component consists of agents and concepts ascribing responsibility to agents.</li>
+<li><b>Component 4: bundles.</b> The fourth component is concerned with bundles, a mechanism to support provenance of provenance.</li>
+<li><b>Component 5: alternate.</b> The fifth component consists of relations linking entities referring to the same thing. </li>
+<li><b>Component 6: collections.</b> The sixth component is about collections. </li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<span class="figure" id="fig-agents-responsibility"><span class="figure" id="fig-figure-1-prov-dm-components-informative" style="max-width: 95%; ">
+<img usemap="#componentMap" src="images/dm/components-dependencies.png" alt="PROV-DM Components" style="max-width: 90%; ">
+<map id="componentMap">
+<area title="agents/responsibility" href="#component3" coords="0,0,67,268" alt="agents/responsibility" shape="rect">
+<area title="agents/responsibility" href="#component3" coords="67,0,134,201" alt="agents/responsibility" shape="rect">
+<area title="agents/responsibility" href="#component3" coords="134,0,201,67" alt="agents/responsibility" shape="rect">
+<area title="derivations" href="#component2" coords="201,0,268,201" alt="derivations" shape="rect">
+<area title="derivations" href="#component2" coords="134,67,201,201" alt="derivations" shape="rect">
+<area title="alternate" href="#component5" coords="335,0,402,201" alt="alternate" shape="rect">
+<area title="collections" href="#component6" coords="402,0,469,201" alt="collections" shape="rect">
+<area title="activities/entities" href="#component1" coords="67,201,469,268" alt="activities/entities" shape="rect">
+<area title="bundles" href="#component4" coords="268,0,402,201" alt="bundles" shape="rect">
+</map>
+<br>
+<span class="figcaption" id="prov-dm-components">Figure 1<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#prov-dm-components"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> PROV-DM Components (Informative)</span>
+</span><figcaption>Fig. <span class="figno">1</span> <span class="fig-title">agents/responsibility</span></figcaption></span>
+</div>
+
+<p><a href="#prov-schema-mapping">Table 1</a> is a mapping of PROV-DM types and relations in PROV-XML schema XML types and elements.</p>
+
+<div id="prov-schema-mapping-div" style="text-align: center;">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="prov-schema-mapping"><span>Table 1<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#prov-schema-mapping"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> </span><span>Table 1<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#prov-schema-mapping"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> </span>PROV-DM Types and Relations to XML Schema Mapping</caption>
+<tbody><tr>
+<td><a><b>Type or Relation Name</b></a></td>
+<td><b>XML Schema ComplexType</b></td>
+<td><b>XML Schema Referencing Element</b></td>
+<td><b>Component</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+<tr class="component1-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-entity">Entity</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Entity</td>
+ <td>prov:entity</td>
+ <td rowspan="8"><a href="#component1">Component 1: Entities/Activities</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component1-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-activity">Activity</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Activity</td>
+ <td>prov:activity</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component1-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-generation">Generation</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Generation</td>
+ <td>prov:wasGeneratedBy</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component1-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-usage">Usage</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Usage</td>
+ <td>prov:used</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component1-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-communication">Communication</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Communication</td>
+ <td>prov:wasInformedBy</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component1-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-start">Start</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Start</td>
+ <td>prov:wasStartedBy</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component1-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-end">End</a></td>
+ <td>prov:End</td>
+ <td>prov:wasEndedBy</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component1-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-invalidation">Invalidation</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Invalidation</td>
+ <td>prov:wasInvalidatedBy</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td colspan="3" style="border-width: 0px; "></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component2-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-derivation">Derivation</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Derivation</td>
+ <td>prov:wasDerivedFrom</td>
+ <td rowspan="4"><a href="#component2">Component 2: Derivations</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component2-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-revision">Revision</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Revision</td>
+ <td>prov:wasRevisionOf</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component2-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-quotation">Quotation</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Quotation</td>
+ <td>prov:wasQuotedFrom</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component2-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-primary-source">Primary Source</a></td>
+ <td>prov:PrimarySource</td>
+ <td>prov:hadPrimarySource</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td colspan="3" style="border-width: 0px; "></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component3-color" style="border-collapse: collapse; ">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-agent">Agent</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Agent</td>
+ <td>prov:agent</td>
+ <td rowspan="9"><a href="#component3">Component 3: Agents, Responsibility, Influence</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component3-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-attribution">Attribution</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Attribution</td>
+ <td>prov:wasAttributedTo</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component3-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-association">Association</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Association</td>
+ <td>prov:wasAssociatedWith</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component3-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-delegation">Delegation</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Delegation</td>
+ <td>prov:actedOnBehalfOf</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component3-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-plan">Plan</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Plan</td>
+ <td>prov:plan</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component3-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-person">Person</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Person</td>
+ <td>prov:person</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component3-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-organization">Organization</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Organization</td>
+ <td>prov:organization</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component3-color">
+ <td><a class="essential">Software Agent</a></td>
+ <td>prov:SoftwareAgent</td>
+ <td>prov:softwareAgent</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component3-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-influence">Influence</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Influence</td>
+ <td>prov:wasInfluencedBy</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td colspan="3" style="border-width: 0px; "></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component4-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-bundle">Bundle</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Bundle</td>
+ <td>prov:bundle</td>
+ <td rowspan="2"><a href="#component5">Component 4: Bundles</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component4-color">
+ <td><a class="essential">Bundle Constructor</a></td>
+ <td>prov:BundleConstructor</td>
+ <td>prov:bundleContent</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td colspan="3" style="border-width: 0px; "></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component5-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-alternate">Alternate</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Alternate</td>
+ <td>prov:alternateOf</td>
+ <td rowspan="3"><a href="#component4">Component 5: Alternate</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component5-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-specialization">Specialization</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Specialization</td>
+ <td>prov:specializationOf</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td colspan="3" style="border-width: 0px; "></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component6-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-collection">Collection</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Collection</td>
+ <td>prov:collection</td>
+ <td rowspan="3"><a href="#component6">Component 6: Collections</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component6-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-empty-collection">Empty Collection</a></td>
+ <td>prov:EmptyCollection</td>
+ <td>prov:emptyCollection</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component6-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-membership">Membership</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Membership</td>
+ <td>prov:hadMember</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+<p>In the rest of the section, each type is defined, in English initially, followed by its XML schema definition and some example.</p>
+
+<section id="component1">
+<h3><span class="secno">3.1 </span>Component 1: Entities and Activities</h3>
+
+<p>The first component of PROV-DM is concerned with <a title="entity">entities</a> and <a title="activity">activities</a>, and their inter-relations: <a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>, <a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a>, <a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a>, <a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a>, and <a href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN">Communication</a>. </p>
+
+<section id="term-Entity">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.1 </span>Entity</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> An <span class="dfn">entity</span> is a physical, digital, conceptual, or other kind of thing with some fixed aspects; entities may be real or imaginary. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType name="Entity">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:value" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>The element <code>prov:entity</code> is used to reference a prov:Entity from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:entity" schematype="prov:Entity"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="entity" type="prov:Entity"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 4</span>: prov:entity</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:tr="http://example.com/ns/tr#">
+
+ <b><prov:entity prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">document</prov:type>
+ <ex:version>2</ex:version>
+ </prov:entity></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end term-Entity -->
+
+<section id="term-Activity">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.2 </span>Activity</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> An <span class="dfn">activity</span> is something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with entities; it may include consuming, processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, or generating entities. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType name="Activity">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="startTime" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="endTime" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>The element <code>prov:activity</code> is used to reference a prov:Activity from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:activity" schematype="prov:Activity"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="activity" type="prov:Activity"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 5</span>: prov:activity</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#">
+
+ <b><prov:activity prov:id="a1">
+ <prov:startTime>2011-11-16T16:05:00</prov:startTime>
+ <prov:endTime>2011-11-16T16:06:00</prov:endTime>
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">ex:edit</prov:type>
+ <ex:host>server.example.org</ex:host>
+ </prov:activity></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end term-Activity -->
+
+<section id="term-Generation">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.3 </span>Generation</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> <span class="dfn">Generation</span> is the completion of production of a new entity by an activity. This entity did not exist before generation and becomes available for usage after this generation. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType name="Generation">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="entity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>The element <code>prov:wasGeneratedBy</code> is used to reference a prov:Generation from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:wasGeneratedBy" schematype="prov:Generation"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasGeneratedBy" type="prov:Generation"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 6</span>: prov:wasGeneratedBy</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#">
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="e1"/>
+
+ <prov:activity prov:id="a1"/>
+
+ <b><prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="e1"/>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="a1"/>
+ <prov:time>2001-10-26T21:32:52</prov:time>
+ <ex:port>p1</ex:port>
+ </prov:wasGeneratedBy></b>
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="e2"/>
+
+ <b><prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="e2"/>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="a1"/>
+ <prov:time>2001-10-26T10:00:00</prov:time>
+ <ex:port>p2</ex:port>
+ </prov:wasGeneratedBy></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end term-Generation -->
+
+<section id="term-Usage">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.4 </span>Usage</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> <span class="dfn">Usage</span> is the beginning of utilizing an entity by an activity. Before usage, the activity had not begun to utilize this entity and could not have been affected by the entity. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType name="Usage">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="entity" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+<xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>The element <code>prov:used</code> is used to reference a prov:Usage from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:used" schematype="prov:Usage"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="used" type="prov:Usage"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 7</span>: prov:used</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#">
+
+ <prov:activity prov:id="a1"/>
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="e1"/>
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="e2"/>
+
+ <b><prov:used>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="a1"/>
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="e1"/>
+ <prov:time≶2011-11-16T16:00:00</prov:time>
+ <ex:parameter>p1</ex:parameter>
+ </prov:used></b>
+
+ <b><prov:used>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="a1"/>
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="e2"/>
+ <prov:time>2011-11-16T16:00:01</prov:time>
+ <ex:parameter>p2</ex:parameter>
+ </prov:used></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end term-Usage -->
+
+<section id="term-Communication">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.5 </span>Communication</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> <span class="dfn">Communication</span> is the exchange of some unspecified entity by two activities, one activity using some entity generated by the other. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType name="Communication">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="informed" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="informant" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>The element <code>prov:wasInformedBy</code> is used to reference a prov:Communication from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:wasInformedBy" schematype="prov:Communication"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasInformedBy" type="prov:Communication"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 8</span>: prov:wasInformedBy</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#">
+
+ <prov:activity prov:id="a1">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">traffic regulations enforcing<prov:type>
+ </prov:activity>
+
+ <prov:activity prov:id="a2">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">fine paying, check writing, and mailing</prov:type>
+ </prov:activity>
+
+ <b><prov:wasInformedBy>
+ <prov:informed prov:ref="a2"/>
+ <prov:informant prov:ref="a1"/>
+ </prov:wasInformedBy></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end term-Communication -->
+
+<section id="term-Start">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.6 </span>Start</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> <span class="dfn">Start</span> is when an activity is deemed to have been started by an entity, known as <span class="dfn">trigger</span>. The activity did not exist before its start. Any usage, generation, or invalidation involving an activity follows the activity's start. A start may refer to a trigger entity that set off the activity, or to an activity, known as <span class="dfn">starter</span>, that generated the trigger. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType name="Start">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="trigger" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="starter" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>The element <code>prov:wasStartedBy</code> is used to reference a prov:Start from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:wasStartedBy" schematype="prov:Start"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasStartedBy" type="prov:Start"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 9</span>: prov:wasStartedBy</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#">
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="e1">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">email message</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <prov:activity prov:id="a1">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">Discuss</prov:type>
+ </prov:activity>
+
+ <b><prov:wasStartedBy>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="a1"/>
+ <prov:trigger prov:ref="e1"/>
+ <prov:time>2011-11-16T16:05:00</prov:time>
+ </prov:wasStartedBy></b>
+
+ <prov:used>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="a1"/>
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="e1"/>
+ </prov:used>
+
+ <prov:activity prov:id="a0">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">Write</prov:type>
+ </prov:activity>
+
+ <prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="e1"/>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="a0"/>
+ </prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+
+ <b><prov:wasStartedBy>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="a1"/>
+ <prov:trigger prov:ref="e1"/>
+ <prov:starter prov:ref="a0"/>
+ <prov:time>2011-11-16T16:05:00</prov:time>
+ </prov:wasStartedBy></b>
+
+ <b><prov:wasStartedBy>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="a1"/>
+ <prov:starter prov:ref="a0"/>
+ <prov:time>2011-11-16T16:05:00</prov:time>
+ </prov:wasStartedBy></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end term-Start -->
+
+<section id="term-End">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.7 </span>End</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> <span class="dfn">End</span> is when an activity is deemed to have been ended by an entity, known as <span class="dfn">trigger</span>. The activity no longer exists after its end. Any usage, generation, or invalidation involving an activity precedes the activity's end. An end may refer to a trigger entity that terminated the activity, or to an activity, known as <span class="dfn">ender</span> that generated the trigger. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType name="End">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="trigger" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="ender" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>The element <code>prov:wasEndedBy</code> is used to reference a prov:End from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:wasEndedBy" schematype="prov:End"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasEndedBy" type="prov:End"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 10</span>: prov:wasEndedBy</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#">
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="e1">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">approval document</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <prov:activity prov:id="a1">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">Editing</prov:type>
+ </prov:activity>
+
+ <b><prov:wasEndedBy>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="a1"/>
+ <prov:trigger prov:ref="e1"/>
+ </prov:wasEndedBy></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end term-End -->
+
+<section id="term-Invalidation">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.8 </span>Invalidation</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> <span class="dfn">Invalidation</span> is the start of the destruction, cessation, or expiry of an existing entity by an activity. The entity is no longer available for use (or further invalidation) after invalidation. Any generation or usage of an entity precedes its invalidation.</span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType name="Invalidation">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="entity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>The element <code>prov:wasInvalidatedBy</code> is used to reference a prov:Invalidation from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:wasInvalidatedBy" schematype="prov:Invalidation"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasInvalidatedBy" type="prov:Invalidation"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 11</span>: prov:wasInvalidatedBy</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:bbc="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/">
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="ex:The-Painter"/>
+
+ <prov:agent prov:id="ex:Picasso"/>
+
+ <prov:wasAttributedTo>
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="ex:The-Painter" />
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Picasso" />
+ </prov:wasAttributedTo>
+
+ <prov:activity prov:id="ex:crash"/>
+
+ <b><prov:wasInvalidatedBy>
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="ex:The-Painter"/>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:crash"/>
+ <prov:time>1998-09-03T01:31:00</prov:time>
+ <ex:circumstances>plane accident</ex:circumstances>
+ </prov:wasInvalidatedBy></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end term-Invalidation -->
+
+</section> <!-- end component1 -->
+
+<section id="component2">
+<h3><span class="secno">3.2 </span>Component 2: Derivations</h3>
+
+<p>The second component of PROV-DM is concerned with: <a title="derivation">derivations</a> of <a title="entity">entities</a> from other entities and derivation subtypes WasRevisionOf (<a href="#concept-revision" class="internalDFN">Revision</a>), WasQuotedFrom (<a href="#concept-quotation" class="internalDFN">Quotation</a>), and HasPrimarySource (<a href="#concept-primary-source" class="internalDFN">Primary Source</a>).</p>
+
+<section id="term-Derivation">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.2.1 </span>Derivation</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> A <span class="dfn">derivation</span> is a transformation of an entity into another, an update of an entity resulting in a new one, or the construction of a new entity based on a pre-existing entity.</span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType name="Derivation">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="generatedEntity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="usedEntity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="generation" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="usage" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>The element <code>prov:wasDerivedFrom</code> is used to reference a prov:Derivation from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:wasDerivedFrom" schematype="prov:Derivation"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasDerivedFrom" type="prov:Derivation"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 12</span>: prov:wasDerivedFrom</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#">
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="e1"/>
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="e2"/>
+
+ <b><prov:wasDerivedFrom>
+ <prov:generatedEntity prov:ref="e2"/>
+ <prov:usedEntity prov:ref="e1"/>
+ </prov:wasDerivedFrom></b>
+
+ <b><prov:wasDerivedFrom>
+ <prov:generatedEntity prov:ref="e2"/>
+ <prov:usedEntity prov:ref="e1"/>
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">physical transform</prov:type>
+ </prov:wasDerivedFrom></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end term-Derivation -->
+
+<section id="term-Revision">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.2.2 </span>Revision</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> A <span class="dfn">revision</span> is a derivation for which the resulting entity is a revised version of some original. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType name="Revision">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Derivation">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>The element <code>prov:wasRevisionOf</code> is used to reference a prov:Revision from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:wasRevisionOf" schematype="prov:Revision"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasRevisionOf" type="prov:Revision"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 13</span>: prov:wasRevisionOf</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:rec54="http://www.w3.org/2001/02pd/rec54#"
+ xmlns:tr="http://example.com/ns/tr#">
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">rec54:WD</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">rec54:WD</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <b><prov:wasRevisionOf>
+ <prov:generatedEntity prov:ref="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215"/>
+ <prov:usedEntity prov:ref="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018"/>
+ </prov:wasRevisionOf></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end term-Revision -->
+
+<section id="term-Quotation">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.2.3 </span>Quotation</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> A <span class="dfn">quotation</span> is the repeat of (some or all of) an entity, such as text or image, by someone who may or may not be its original author. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType name="Quotation">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Derivation">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>The element <code>prov:wasQuotedFrom</code> is used to reference a prov:Quotation from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:wasQuotedFrom" schematype="prov:Quotation"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasQuotedFrom" type="prov:Quotation"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 14</span>: prov:wasQuotedFrom</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:wp="http://thinklinks.wordpress.com/2012/03/07/"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:dm="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#">
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="wp:thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop"/>
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="dm:bl-dagstuhl"/>
+
+ <prov:person prov:id="ex:Luc"/>
+
+ <prov:person prov:id="ex:Paul"/>
+
+ <b><prov:wasQuotedFrom>
+ <prov:generatedEntity prov:ref="dm:gl-dagstuhl"/>
+ <prov:usedEntity prov:ref="wp:thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop"/>
+ </prov:wasQuotedFrom></b>
+
+ <prov:wasAttributedTo>
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="dm:bl-dagstuhl"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Luc"/>
+ </prov:wasAttributedTo>
+
+ <prov:wasAttributedTo>
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="wp:thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Paul"/>
+ </prov:wasAttributedTo>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end term-Quotation -->
+
+<section id="term-Primary-Source">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.2.4 </span>Primary Source</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> A <span class="dfn">primary source</span> for a topic refers to something produced by some agent with direct experience and knowledge about the topic, at the time of the topic's study, without benefit from hindsight. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType name="PrimarySource">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Derivation">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>The element <code>prov:hadPrimarySource</code> is used to reference a prov:PrimarySource from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:hadPrimarySource" schematype="prov:PrimarySource"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="hadPrimarySource" type="prov:PrimarySource"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 15</span>: prov:hadPrimarySource</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#">
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="ex:la-campagne-de-Russie-1812-1813">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">map</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="ex:revue-d-Histoire-de-la-Pharmacie-t-XVIII">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">journal</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <b><prov:hadPrimarySource>
+ <prov:generatedEntity prov:ref="ex:la-campagne-de-Russie-1812-1813"/>
+ <prov:usedEntity prov:ref="ex:revue-d-Histoire-de-la-Pharmacie-t-XVIII"/>
+ </prov:hadPrimarySource></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end term-Primary-Source -->
+
+</section> <!-- end component2 -->
+
+<section id="component3">
+<h3><span class="secno">3.3 </span>Component 3: Agents, Responsibility, and Influence</h3>
+
+<p>The third component of PROV-DM is concerned with <a title="agent">agents</a> and the relations WasAttributedTo
+(<a href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">Attribution</a>), WasAssociatedWith (<a href="#concept-association" class="internalDFN">Association</a>), ActedOnBehalfOf (<a href="#concept-delegation" class="internalDFN">Delegation</a>), relating agents to entities, activities, and agents, respectively.</p>
+
+<section id="term-Agent">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.3.1 </span>Agent</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> An <span class="dfn">agent</span> is something that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place, for the existence of an entity, or for another agent's activity. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType name="Agent">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>The element <code>prov:agent</code> is used to reference a prov:Agent from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:agent" schematype="prov:Agent"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="agent" type="prov:Agent"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 16</span>: prov:agent</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#">
+
+ <b><prov:agent prov:id="e1">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">prov:Person</prov:type>
+ <ex:name>Alice</ex:name>
+ <ex:employee>1234</ex:employee>
+ </prov:agent></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+
+<section id="term-Person">
+<h5><span class="secno">3.3.1.1 </span>Person</h5>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> Agents of type <span class="dfn">Person</span> are people. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType name="Person">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Agent">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>The element <code>prov:person</code> is used to reference a prov:Person from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:person" schematype="prov:Person"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="person" type="prov:Person"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 17</span>: prov:person</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#">
+
+ <b><prov:person prov:id="ex:Paolo" /></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end term-Person -->
+
+<section id="term-Organization">
+<h5><span class="secno">3.3.1.2 </span>Organization</h5>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> Agents of type <span class="dfn">Organization</span> are social or legal institutions such as companies, societies, etc. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType name="Organization">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Agent">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>The element <code>prov:organization</code> is used to reference a prov:Organization from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:organization" schematype="prov:Organization"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="organization" type="prov:Organization"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 18</span>: prov:organization</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#">
+
+ <b><prov:organization prov:id="w3:Consortium" /></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end term-Organization -->
+
+<section id="term-SoftwareAgent">
+<h5><span class="secno">3.3.1.3 </span>Software Agent</h5>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> A <span class="dfn">SoftwareAgent</span> is running software. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType name="SoftwareAgent">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Agent">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>The element <code>prov:softwareAgent</code> is used to reference a prov:SoftwareAgent from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:softwareAgent" schematype="prov:SoftwareAgent"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="softwareAgent" type="prov:SoftwareAgent"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 19</span>: prov:softwareAgent</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#">
+
+ <b><prov:softwareAgent prov:id="ag" /></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end term-SoftwareAgent -->
+
+</section> <!-- end term-Agent -->
+
+<section id="term-Attribution">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.3.2 </span>Attribution</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> <span class="dfn">Attribution</span> is the ascribing of an entity to an agent. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType name="Attribution">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="entity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="agent" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>The element <code>prov:wasAttributedTo</code> is used to reference a prov:Attribution from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:wasAttributedTo" schematype="prov:Attribution"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasAttributedTo" type="prov:Attribution"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 20</span>: prov:wasAttributedTo</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:tr="http://example.com/ns/tr#"
+ xmlns:rec54="http://example.com/ns/rec54#">
+
+ <prov:agent prov:id="ex:Paolo">
+ <prov:typexsi:type="xsd:QName">prov:Person</prov:type>
+ </prov:agent>
+
+ <prov:agent prov:id="ex:Simon">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">prov:Person</prov:type>
+ </prov:agent>
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">rec54:WD</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <b><prov:wasAttributedTo>
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="rec54:WD"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Paolo"/>
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">editorship</prov:type>
+ </prov:wasAttributedTo></b>
+
+ <b><prov:wasAttributedTo>
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="rec54:WD"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Simon"/>
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">authorship</prov:type>
+ </prov:wasAttributedTo></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end term-Attribution -->
+
+<section id="term-Association">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.3.3 </span>Association</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> An activity <span class="dfn">association</span> is an assignment of responsibility to an agent for an activity, indicating that the agent had a role in the activity. It further allows for a plan to be specified, which is the plan intended by the agent to achieve some goals in the context of this activity. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType name="Association">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="agent" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="plan" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>The element <code>prov:wasAssociatedWith</code> is used to reference a prov:Association from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:wasAssociatedWith" schematype="prov:Association"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasAssociatedWith" type="prov:Association"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 21</span>: prov:wasAssociatedWith</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#">
+
+ <prov:activity prov:id="a">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">workflow execution</prov:type>
+ </prov:activity>
+
+ <prov:agent prov:id="ag1">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">operator</prov:type>
+ </prov:agent>
+
+ <prov:agent prov:id="ag2">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">designator</prov:type>
+ </prov:agent>
+
+ <b><prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="a"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ag1"/>
+ <prov:role xsi:type="xsd:QName">loggedInUser</prov:role>
+ <ex:how>webapp</ex:how>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith></b>
+
+ <b><prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="a"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ag2"/>
+ <prov:plan prov:ref="ex:wf"/>
+ <prov:role xsi:type="xsd:QName">designer</prov:role>
+ <ex:content>project1</ex:content>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith></b>
+
+ <prov:plan prov:id="ex:wf">
+ <ex:label>Workflow 1</ex:label>
+ <prov:location xsi:type="xsd:anyURI">http://example.org/workflow1.bpel</prov:location>
+ </prov:plan>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+
+<section id="term-Plan">
+<h5><span class="secno">3.3.3.1 </span>Plan</h5>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> A <span class="dfn">plan</span> is an entity that represents a set of actions or steps intended by one or more agents to achieve some goals. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType name="Plan">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Entity">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>The element <code>prov:plan</code> is used to reference a prov:Plan from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:plan" schematype="prov:Plan"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="plan" type="prov:Plan"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 22</span>: prov:plan</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#">
+
+ <prov:activity prov:id="a">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">workflow execution</prov:type>
+ </prov:activity>
+
+ <prov:agent prov:id="ag1">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">operator</prov:type>
+ </prov:agent>
+
+ <prov:agent prov:id="ag2">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">designator</prov:type>
+ </prov:agent>
+
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="a"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ag1"/>
+ <prov:role xsi:type="xsd:QName">loggedInUser</prov:role>
+ <ex:how>webapp</ex:how>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="a"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ag2"/>
+ <prov:plan prov:ref="ex:wf"/>
+ <prov:role xsi:type="xsd:QName">designer</prov:role>
+ <ex:content>project1</ex:content>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+
+ <b><prov:plan prov:id="ex:wf">
+ <ex:label>Workflow 1</ex:label>
+ <prov:location xsi:type="xsd:anyURI">http://example.org/workflow1.bpel</prov:location>
+ </prov:plan></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end term-Plan -->
+</section> <!-- end term-Association -->
+
+<section id="term-Delegation">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.3.4 </span>Delegation</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> <span class="dfn">Delegation</span> is the assignment of authority and responsibility to an agent (by itself or by another agent) to carry out a specific activity as a delegate or representative, while the agent it acts on behalf of retains some responsibility for the outcome of the delegated work. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType name="Delegation">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="delegate" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="responsible" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>The element <code>prov:actedOnBehalfOf</code> is used to reference a prov:Delegation from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:actedOnBehalfOf" schematype="prov:Delegation"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="actedOnBehalfOf" type="prov:Delegation"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 23</span>: prov:actedOnBehalfOf</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#">
+
+ <prov:activity prov:id="a">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">workflow</prov:type>
+ </prov:activity>
+
+ <prov:agent prov:id="ag1">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">programmer</prov:type>
+ </prov:agent>
+
+ <prov:agent prov:id="ag2">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">researcher</prov:type>
+ </prov:agent>
+
+ <prov:agent prov:id="ag3">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">funder</prov:type>
+ </prov:agent>
+
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="a"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ag1"/>
+ <prov:role xsi:type="xsd:QName">loggedInUser</prov:role>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="a"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ag2"/>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="a"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ag3"/>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+
+ <b><prov:actedOnBehalfOf>
+ <prov:delegate prov:ref="ag1"/>
+ <prov:responsible prov:ref="ag2"/>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="a"/>
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">line-management</prov:type>
+ </prov:actedOnBehalfOf></b>
+
+ <b><prov:actedOnBehalfOf>
+ <prov:delegate prov:ref="ag2"/>
+ <prov:responsible prov:ref="ag3"/>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="a"/>
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">contract</prov:type>
+ </prov:actedOnBehalfOf></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end term-Delegation -->
+
+<section id="term-Influence">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.3.5 </span>Influence</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> <span class="dfn">Influence</span> is the capacity of an entity, activity, or agent to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of another by means of usage, start, end, generation, invalidation, communication, derivation, attribution, association, or delegation. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType name="Influence">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="influencee" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="influencer" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>The element <code>prov:wasInfluencedBy</code> is used to reference a prov:Influence from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:wasInfluencedBy" schematype="prov:Influence"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasInfluencedBy" type="prov:Influence"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 24</span>: prov:wasInfluencedBy</div><pre class="example" id="example_38"><prov:document
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:tr="http://example.com/ns/tr#"
+ xmlns:w3="http://w3.org/">
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215"/>
+
+ <prov:agent prov:id="w3:Consortium"/>
+
+ <b><prov:wasInfluencedBy>
+ <prov:influencee prov:ref="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215"/>
+ <prov:influencer prov:ref="w3:Consortium"/>
+ </prov:wasInfluencedBy></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end term-Influence -->
+
+</section> <!-- end component3 -->
+
+<section id="component4">
+<h3><span class="secno">3.4 </span>Component 4: Bundles</h3>
+<p>The fourth component is concerned with bundles, a mechanism to support provenance of provenance.</p>
+<section id="term-Bundle">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.4.1 </span>Bundle</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> A <span class="dfn">bundle</span> is a named set of provenance descriptions, and is itself an entity, so allowing provenance of provenance to be expressed. </span>
+<p>A <code>prov:Bundle</code> identifies a set of provenance descriptions, and is an extension of <code>prov:Entity</code>, so allowing provenance of provenance to be expressed by referencing the associated entity. The content of a bundle, i.e. its provenance records, can be represented by the <code>prov:BundleConstructor</code> complexType and can be specified with the <code>prov:bundleContent</code> element, its <code>prov:id</code> corresponds to the bundle entity.</p>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType name="Bundle">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Entity">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>The element <code>prov:bundle</code> is used to reference a prov:Bundle from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:bundle" schematype="prov:Bundle"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="bundle" type="prov:Bundle"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 25</span>: prov:bundle</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:bob="http://example.com/ns/bob#"
+ xmlns:alice="http://example.com/ns/alice#"
+ xmlns:agg="http://example.com/ns/agg#">
+
+ <b><prov:bundle prov:id="ex:bundle1">
+ <ex:version>1</ex:version>
+ </prov:bundle></b>
+
+ <prov:bundleContent prov:id="ex:bundle1">
+ <prov:entity prov:id="ex:report1"/>
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="ex:report2">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">report</prov:type>
+ <ex:version>2</ex:version>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="ex:report2"/>
+ <prov:time>2012-05-25T11:00:01</prov:time>
+ </prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+
+ <prov:wasDerivedFrom>
+ <prov:generatedEntity prov:ref="ex:report2"/>
+ <prov:usedEntity prov:ref="ex:report1"/>
+ </prov:wasDerivedFrom>
+ </prov:bundleContent>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end term-Bundle -->
+
+<section id="term-BundleConstructor">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.4.2 </span>Bundle Constructor</h4>
+<p>The <code>prov:BundleConstructor</code> complexType is used to define a named set of provenance statements. The Bundle Constructor type supports the <code>prov:id</code> attribute.</p>
+<p>The bundle entity associated with a bundle constructor set must have the same <code>prov:id</code> as the bundle constructor set.</p>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType name="BundleConstructor">
+ <xs:sequence maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:group ref="prov:documentElements"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>The element <code>prov:bundleContent</code> is used to reference a set of nested provenance statements from within a prov:Document.</p>
+<p>Although <code>prov:bundleContent</code> can only be expressed at the <code>prov:document</code> level, the corresponding bundle entities may be specified at from either the <code>prov:document</code> or any <code>prov:bundleContent</code>, if at all.</p>
+<pre><xs:complexType name="Document">
+ <xs:sequence maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:group ref="prov:documentElements" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="bundleContent" type="prov:BundleConstructor" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" />
+ </xs:sequence>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 26</span>: prov:bundleContent</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:bob="http://example.com/ns/bob#"
+ xmlns:alice="http://example.com/ns/alice#"
+ xmlns:agg="http://example.com/ns/agg#">
+
+ <prov:bundle prov:id="ex:bundle1">
+ <ex:version>1</ex:version>
+ </prov:bundle>
+
+ <b><prov:bundleContent prov:id="ex:bundle1">
+ <prov:entity prov:id="ex:report1"/>
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="ex:report2">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">report</prov:type>
+ <ex:version>2</ex:version>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="ex:report2"/>
+ <prov:time>2012-05-25T11:00:01</prov:time>
+ </prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+
+ <prov:wasDerivedFrom>
+ <prov:generatedEntity prov:ref="ex:report2"/>
+ <prov:usedEntity prov:ref="ex:report1"/>
+ </prov:wasDerivedFrom>
+ </prov:bundleContent></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end term-BundleConstructor -->
+</section> <!-- end component4 -->
+
+<section id="component5">
+<h3><span class="secno">3.5 </span>Component 5: Alternate Entities</h3>
+<p>The fifth component of PROV-DM is concerned with
+relations SpecializationOf (<a>specialization</a>) and AlternateOf (<a>alternate</a>) between entities.</p>
+
+<section id="term-Specialization">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.5.1 </span>Specialization</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> An entity that is a <span class="dfn">specialization</span> of another shares all aspects of the latter, and additionally presents more specific aspects of the same thing as the latter. In particular, the lifetime of the entity being specialized contains that of any specialization. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType name="Specialization">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="specificEntity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="generalEntity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>The element <code>prov:specializationOf</code> is used to reference a prov:Specialization from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:specializationOf" schematype="prov:Specialization"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="specializationOf" type="prov:Specialization"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 27</span>: prov:specializationOf</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:bbc="http://www.bbc.co.uk/">
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="ex:bbcNews2012-03-23"/>
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="bbc:news"/>
+
+ <b><prov:specializationOf>
+ <prov:specificEntity prov:ref="ex:bbcNews2012-03-23"/>
+ <prov:generalEntity prov:ref="bbc:news"/>
+ </prov:specializationOf></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end term-Specialization -->
+
+<section id="term-Alternate">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.5.2 </span>Alternate</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> Two <span class="dfn">alternate</span> entities present aspects of the same thing. These aspects may be the same or different, and the alternate entities may or may not overlap in time. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType name="Alternate">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="alternate1" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="alternate2" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>The element <code>prov:alternateOf</code> is used to reference a prov:Alternate from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:alternateOf" schematype="prov:Alternate"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="alternateOf" type="prov:Alternate"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 28</span>: prov:alternateOf</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:bbc="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news"
+ xmlns:bbcmobile="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/mobile">
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="bbc:science-environment-17526723">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">a news item for desktop</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="bbcmobile:science-environment-17526723">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">a news item for mobile devices</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <b><prov:alternateOf>
+ <prov:alternate1 prov:ref="bbcmobile:science-environment-17526723"/>
+ <prov:alternate2 prov:ref="bbc:science-environment-17526723"/>
+ </prov:alternateOf></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end term-Alternate -->
+
+</section> <!-- end component5 -->
+
+
+<section id="component6">
+<h3><span class="secno">3.6 </span>Component 6: Collections</h3>
+<p>The sixth component of PROV-DM is concerned with the notion of collections.
+A collection is an entity that has some members. The members are themselves entities, and therefore their provenance can be expressed. Some applications need to be able to express the provenance of the collection itself: e.g. who maintains the collection (attribution), which members it contains as it evolves, and how it was assembled. The purpose of Component 6 is to define the types and relations that are useful to express the provenance of collections. </p>
+
+<section id="term-Collection">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.6.1 </span>Collection</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> A <span class="dfn">collection</span> is an entity that provides a structure to some constituents that must themselves be entities. These constituents are said to be <span class="dfn">member</span> of the collections. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType name="Collection">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Entity">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>The element <code>prov:collection</code> is used to reference a prov:Collection from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:collection" schematype="prov:Collection"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="collection" type="prov:Collection"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 29</span>: prov:collection</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#">
+
+ <b><prov:collection prov:id="c1" /></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+
+<section id="term-EmptyCollection">
+<h5><span class="secno">3.6.1.1 </span>Empty Collection</h5>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> An <span class="dfn">empty collection</span> is a collection without members. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType name="EmptyCollection">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Collection">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>The element <code>prov:emptyCollection</code> is used to reference a prov:EmptyCollection from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:emptyCollection" schematype="prov:EmptyCollection"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="emptyCollection" type="prov:EmptyCollection"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 30</span>: prov:emptyCollection</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:bbc="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news"
+ xmlns:bbcmobile="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/mobile">
+
+ <b><prov:emptyCollection prov:id="c0"/></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end term-EmptyCollection -->
+</section> <!-- end term-Collection -->
+
+<section id="term-Membership">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.6.2 </span>Membership</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> <span class="dfn">Membership</span> is the belonging of an entity to a collection. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType name="Membership">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="collection" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="entity" type="prov:IDRef" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>The element <code>prov:hadMember</code> is used to reference a prov:Membership from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:hadMember" schematype="prov:Membership"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="hadMember" type="prov:Membership"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 31</span>: prov:hadMember</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#">
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="e0"/>
+ <prov:entity prov:id="e1"/>
+ <prov:entity prov:id="e2"/>
+
+ <prov:collection prov:id="c"/>
+
+ <b><prov:hadMember>
+ <prov:collection prov:ref="c"/>
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="e0"/>
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="e1"/>
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="e2"/>
+ </prov:hadMember></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end term-Membership -->
+
+</section> <!-- end component6 -->
+
+<section id="further-elements">
+<h3><span class="secno">3.7 </span>Further Elements of PROV</h3>
+
+<p>This section introduces further elements of PROV.</p>
+
+<section id="attribute-Identifier">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.7.1 </span>Identifier</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"></span>
+<p>The identifier attribute is used to identify instances of PROV types or relations.</p>
+<pre class="schema-attribute" attribute="prov:id" schematype="xs:QName"><xs:attribute xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="id" type="xs:QName"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 32</span>: prov:id</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:tr="http://example.com/ns/tr#">
+
+ <prov:entity <b>prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215"</b>>
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:Qname">document</prov:type>
+ <ex:version>2</ex:version>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end attribute-Identifier -->
+
+<section id="attribute-Reference">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.7.2 </span>Reference</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"></span>
+<p>A reference-by-id to a PROV entity, activity, agent, or relation.</p>
+<pre class="schema-attribute" attribute="prov:ref" schematype="xs:QName"><xs:attribute ref="prov:ref" use="required" />
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 33</span>: prov:ref</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#">
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="e1"/>
+
+ <prov:activity prov:id="a1"/>
+
+ <prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+ <prov:entity <b>prov:ref="e1"</b>/>
+ <prov:activity <b>prov:ref="a1"</b>/>
+ <prov:time>2001-10-26T21:32:52</prov:time>
+ <ex:port>p1</ex:port>
+ </prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end attribute-Reference -->
+
+<section id="attributes">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.7.3 </span>Attributes</h4>
+<p>The PROV-DM defined PROV attributes are represented in XML as elements.</p>
+
+<section id="element-Label">
+<h5><span class="secno">3.7.3.1 </span>Label</h5>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> The attribute <span class="dfn"><span class="name">prov:label</span></span> provides a human-readable representation of an instance of a PROV-DM type or relation. </span>
+<p>The element <code>prov:label</code> is used to represent a PROV attribute and has type prov:InternationalizedString.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="prov-attribute" element="prov:label" schematype="prov:InternationalizedString"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="label" type="prov:InternationalizedString"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 34</span>: prov:label</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#">
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="ex:e1">
+ <b><prov:label>This is a human-readable label</prov:label></b>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="ex:car01">
+ <b><prov:label xml:lang="fr">Voiture 01</prov:label>
+ <prov:label xml:lang="en">Car 01</prov:label></b>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end element-Label -->
+
+<section id="element-Location">
+<h5><span class="secno">3.7.3.2 </span>Location</h5>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> A <span class="dfn">location</span> can be an identifiable geographic place (ISO 19112), but it can also be a non-geographic place such as a directory, row, or column. </span>
+<p>The element <code>prov:location</code> is used to represent a PROV attribute and has type xs:anySimpleType.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="prov-attribute" element="prov:location" schematype="xs:anySimpleType"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="location" type="xs:anySimpleType"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 35</span>: prov:location</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#">
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="ex:MonaLisa">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">StillImage</prov:type>
+ <b><prov:location xsi:type="xsd:string">Le Louvre, Paris</prov:location></b>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="ex:cell">
+ <b><prov:location xsi:type="xsd:string">(5,5)</prov:location></b>
+ <prov:value xsi:type="xsd:integer">10</prov:value>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end element-Location -->
+
+<section id="element-Role">
+<h5><span class="secno">3.7.3.3 </span>Role</h5>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> A <span class="dfn">role</span> is the function of an entity or agent with respect to an activity, in the context of a <a title="Usage" href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">usage</a>, <a title="Generation" href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">generation</a>, <a title="Invalidation" href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">invalidation</a>, <a title="Association" href="#concept-association" class="internalDFN">association</a>, <a title="Start" href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">start</a>, and <a title="End" href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">end</a>. </span>
+<p>The element <code>prov:role</code> is used to represent a PROV attribute and has type xs:anySimpleType.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="prov-attribute" element="prov:role" schematype="xs:anySimpleType"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="role" type="xs:anySimpleType"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 36</span>: prov:role</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#">
+
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="a"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ag1"/>
+ <b><prov:role xsi:type="xsd:QName">loggedInUser</prov:role></b>
+ <ex:how>webapp</ex:how>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="a"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ag2"/>
+ <prov:plan prov:ref="ex:wf"/>
+ <b><prov:role xsi:type="xsd:QName">designer</prov:role></b>
+ <ex:content>project1</ex:content>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end element-Role -->
+
+<section id="element-Type">
+<h5><span class="secno">3.7.3.4 </span>Type</h5>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> The attribute <span class="dfn"><span class="name">prov:type</span></span> provides further typing information for any construct with an optional set of attribute-value pairs. </span>
+<p>The element <code>prov:type</code> is used to represent a PROV attribute and has type xs:anySimpleType.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="prov-attribute" element="prov:type" schematype="xs:anySimpleType"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="type" type="xs:anySimpleType"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 37</span>: prov:type</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:tr="http://example.com/ns/tr#">
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215">
+ <b><prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">document</prov:type></b>
+ <ex:version>2</ex:version>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <prov:agent prov:id="e1">
+ <b><prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">prov:Person</prov:type></b>
+ <ex:name>Alice</ex:name>
+ <ex:employee>1234</ex:employee>
+ </prov:agent>
+
+ <prov:activity prov:id="a1">
+ <prov:startTime>2011-11-16T16:05:00</prov:startTime>
+ <prov:endTime>2011-11-16T16:06:00</prov:endTime>
+ <b><prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">ex:edit</prov:type></b>
+ <ex:host>server.example.org</ex:host>
+ </prov:activity>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end element-Type -->
+
+<section id="element-Value">
+<h5><span class="secno">3.7.3.5 </span>Value</h5>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> The attribute <span class="dfn"><span class="name">prov:value</span></span> provides a value that is a direct representation of an entity as a PROV-DM <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a>. </span>
+<p>The element <code>prov:value</code> is used to represent a PROV attribute and has type xs:anySimpleType.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="prov-attribute" element="prov:value" schematype="xs:anySimpleType"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="value" type="xs:anySimpleType"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 38</span>: prov:value</div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#">
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="ex:in">
+ <b><prov:value xsi:type="xsd:string">abcd</prov:value></b>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="ex:out">
+ <b><prov:value xsi:type="xsd:integer">4</prov:value></b>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end element-Value -->
+
+</section> <!-- end attributes -->
+
+<section id="type-value">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.7.4 </span>Value</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> A <span class="dfn">value</span> is a constant such as a string, number, time, qualified name, IRI, and encoded binary data, whose interpretation is outside the scope of PROV. </span>
+<p>Relations defined by the PROV-DM to have type Value have type <code>xs:anySimpleType</code> in PROV-XML unless otherwise specified.</p>
+</section> <!-- end type-Value -->
+
+</section> <!-- end further-elements -->
+
+<section id="structural-elements">
+<h3><span class="secno">3.8 </span>Structural Elements of PROV-XML</h3>
+
+<section id="term-Document">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.8.1 </span>Document</h4>
+<p>The root element of all PROV-XML documents is <code>prov:document</code> which has type <code>prov:Document</code>.</p>
+<p>Similar to a <code>prov:BundleConstructor</code>, the <code>prov:Document</code> complexType is used to define a set of provenance statements.</p>
+<p>Unlike the <code>prov:BundleConstructor</code>, a <code>prov:Document</code>
+</p><ul>
+<li>may contain <code>prov:bundle</code> elements (but not other <code>prov:document</code> elements)</li>
+<li>does not support the prov:id attribute.</li>
+</ul>
+<p></p>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType name="Document">
+ <xs:sequence maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:group ref="prov:documentElements" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="bundleContent" type="prov:BundleConstructor" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" />
+ </xs:sequence>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+
+<p>The element <code>prov:document</code> may only be used as the root element of a a PROV-XML document.</p>
+<p>The element <code>prov:document</code> is used to reference a prov:Document from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</p><p>Element defintion in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:document" schematype="prov:Document" ignore=""><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="document" type="prov:Document"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 39</span>: prov:document</div><pre class="example"><b><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"></b>
+
+ <!-- prov statements go here -->
+
+<b></prov:document></b></pre></div>
+</section> <!-- end term-Document-->
+
+</section> <!-- end structural-elements -->
+
+</section> <!-- end schema-components -->
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<!-- end sec. 5 -->
+
+
+<section id="media-type">
+<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">4. </span>Media Type</h2>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt>Contact:</dt>
+ <dd>Ivan Herman</dd>
+ <dt>See also:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/2002/06/registering-mediatype">How to Register a Media Type for a <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Specification</a></dd>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/tag/2002/0129-mime">Internet Media Type registration, consistency of use</a><br>TAG Finding 3 June 2002 (Revised 4 September 2002)</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>The Internet Media Type / MIME type for PROV-XML is "<code style="color: black">application/provenance+xml</code>".</p>
+
+<p>It is recommended that PROV-XML files have the extension "<code style="color: black">.provx</code>" (all lowercase) on all platforms.</p>
+
+<p>It is recommended that PROV-XML files stored on Macintosh HFS file systems be given a file type of <code style="color: black">TEXT</code>.</p>
+
+<p>The information that follows has been <!--<a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/2012Nov/0317.html">-->submitted to the IESG<!--</a>--> for review, approval, and registration with IANA.</p>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt>Type name:</dt>
+ <dd>application</dd>
+ <dt>Subtype name:</dt>
+ <dd>provenance+xml</dd>
+ <dt>Required parameters:</dt>
+ <dd>none</dd>
+ <dt>Optional parameters:</dt>
+ <dd>Same as charset parameter of application/xml as specified in RFC3023 (Section 3.2).</dd>
+ <dt>Encoding considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>Same as encoding considerations of application/xml as specified in RFC 3023 (Section 3.2).</dd>
+ <dt>Security considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>PROV-XML is an XML language for describing the provenance of things; applications may evaluate given data to dereference URIs, invoking the security considerations of the scheme for that URI. Note in particular, the privacy issues in [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3023">RFC3023</a></cite>] section 10 for HTTP URIs. Data obtained from an inaccurate or malicious data source may lead to inaccurate or misleading conclusions, as well as the dereferencing of unintended URIs. Care must be taken to align the trust in consulted resources with the sensitivity of the intended use of the data.</dd>
+ <dd>PROV-XML can express data which is presented to the user, for example, by means of label attributes. Application rendering strings retrieved from untrusted PROV-N documents must ensure that malignant strings may not be used to mislead the reader. The security considerations in the media type registration for XML ([<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3023">RFC3023</a></cite>] section 10) provide additional guidance around the expression of arbitrary data and markup.</dd>
+ <dd>PROV-XML is a language for describing the provenance of things, and therefore a PROV-XML document is metadata for other resources. Untrusted PROV-XML documents may mislead its consumers by indicating that a third-party resource has a reputable lineage, when it has not. Provenance of PROV-XML document should be sought. </dd>
+ <dd>PROV-XML uses QNames mappable to IRIs as term identifiers. Applications interpreting data expressed in PROV-XML should address the security issues of
+ <a class="norm" href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt">Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs)</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3987">RFC3987</a></cite>] Section 8, as well as
+ <a class="norm" href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3986">RFC3986</a></cite>] Section 7.</dd>
+ <dd>Multiple IRIs may have the same appearance. Characters in different scripts may look similar (a Cyrillic "о" may appear similar to a Latin "o"). A character followed by combining characters may have the same visual representation as another character (LATIN SMALL LETTER E followed by COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT has the same visual representation as LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE). Any person or application that is writing or interpreting data in PROV-N must take care to use the IRI that matches the intended semantics, and avoid IRIs that make look similar. Further information about matching of similar characters can be found in <a class="inform" href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/">Unicode Security Considerations</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-UNISEC">UNISEC</a></cite>] and <a class="norm" href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt">Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs)</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3987">RFC3987</a></cite>] Section 8.</dd>
+ <dt>Interoperability considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>There are no known interoperability issues.</dd>
+ <dt>Published specification:</dt>
+ <dd>PROV-XML: The PROV XML Schema, Hua, Tilmes, Zednik (eds), Moreau <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-xml/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-xml/</a>, 2013.</dd>
+ <dt>Applications which use this media type:</dt>
+ <dd>It may be used by any application for publishing provenance information. This format is designed to be an XML form of provenance.</dd>
+ <dt>Fragment identifier considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>N/A</dd>
+ <dt>Additional Information:</dt>
+ <span style="text-indent:2em;">
+ <dt>Magic number(s):</dt>
+ <dd>PROV-XML documents are XML documents and thus may have initial strings similar to any XML document.</dd>
+ <dt>File extension(s):</dt>
+ <dd>.provx</dd>
+ <dt>Macintosh file type code(s):</dt>
+ <dd>"TEXT"</dd>
+ </span>
+ <dt>Person & email address to contact for further information:</dt>
+ <dd>Ivan Herman, ivan@w3.org</dd>
+ <dt>Intended usage:</dt>
+ <dd>COMMON</dd>
+ <dt>Restrictions on usage:</dt>
+ <dd>none</dd>
+ <dt>Author:</dt>
+ <dd>The PROV-XML specification is the product of the World Wide Web Consortium's Provenance Working Group.</dd>
+ <dt>Change controller:</dt>
+ <dd>The <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>, and the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Provenance Working Group, have change control over this specification.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+</section> <!-- end media-type -->
+
+
+
+
+
+<!-- Should this be folded or hid in some way until the user asks to see it? -->
+<section class="appendix" id="prov-xml-schema">
+<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">A. </span>XML Schema</h2>
+
+<section id="prov-schema">
+<h3><span class="secno">A.1 </span>prov.xsd</h3>
+<pre class="prov-schema"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ elementFormDefault="qualified"
+ attributeFormDefault="unqualified">
+
+ <xs:include schemaLocation="prov-core.xsd"/>
+ <xs:include schemaLocation="extensions/prov-dictionary.xsd"/>
+ <xs:include schemaLocation="extensions/prov-links.xsd"/>
+
+</xs:schema>
+</pre>
+</section> <!-- end prov-schema -->
+
+<section id="prov-core-schema">
+<h3><span class="secno">A.2 </span>prov-core.xsd</h3>
+<pre class="prov-core-schema"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:cu="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/datatypes/"
+ xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"
+ elementFormDefault="qualified"
+ attributeFormDefault="unqualified">
+
+
+
+ <xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/datatypes/" />
+ <xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"
+ schemaLocation="http://www.w3.org/2001/xml.xsd"/>
+
+ <!-- Component 1 -->
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Entity">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:value" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Activity">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="startTime" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="endTime" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Generation">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="entity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Usage">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="entity" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Communication">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="informed" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="informant" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Start">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="trigger" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="starter" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="End">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="trigger" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="ender" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Invalidation">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="entity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <!-- Component 2 -->
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Derivation">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="generatedEntity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="usedEntity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="generation" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="usage" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Revision">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Derivation">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Quotation">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Derivation">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="PrimarySource">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Derivation">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <!-- Component 3 -->
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Agent">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Person">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Agent">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Organization">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Agent">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="SoftwareAgent">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Agent">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Attribution">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="entity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="agent" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Association">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="agent" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="plan" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Delegation">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="delegate" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="responsible" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Influence">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="influencee" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="influencer" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <!-- Component 4 -->
+
+ <!-- Is there a way to have this still extend prov:Entity? -->
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Bundle">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Entity">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="BundleConstructor">
+ <xs:sequence maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:group ref="prov:documentElements"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <!-- Component 5 -->
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Specialization">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="specificEntity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="generalEntity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Alternate">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="alternate1" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="alternate2" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <!-- Component 6 -->
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Collection">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Entity">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="EmptyCollection">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Collection">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Membership">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="collection" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="entity" type="prov:IDRef" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Plan">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Entity">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="InternationalizedString">
+ <xs:simpleContent>
+ <xs:extension base="xs:string">
+ <xs:attribute ref="xml:lang" use="optional"/>
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:simpleContent>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+
+ <!--
+ Typed literals are encoded by means
+ of xsi:type that represent the prov:datatype.
+ -->
+
+ <xs:element name="label" type="prov:InternationalizedString"/>
+ <xs:element name="role" type="xs:anySimpleType"/>
+ <xs:element name="type" type="xs:anySimpleType"/>
+ <xs:element name="location" type="xs:anySimpleType"/>
+ <xs:element name="value" type="xs:anySimpleType"/>
+
+ <xs:attribute name="id" type="xs:QName"/>
+ <xs:attribute name="ref" type="xs:QName"/>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="IDRef">
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:ref" use="required" />
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <!--
+ top-level definition of elements following the salami slice XSD design pattern
+ to encourage integration within existing non-prov XML documents.
+ -->
+
+ <!-- Component 1 elements -->
+
+ <xs:element name="entity" type="prov:Entity"/>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:Activity"/>
+ <xs:element name="wasGeneratedBy" type="prov:Generation"/>
+ <xs:element name="used" type="prov:Usage"/>
+ <xs:element name="wasInformedBy" type="prov:Communication"/>
+ <xs:element name="wasStartedBy" type="prov:Start"/>
+ <xs:element name="wasEndedBy" type="prov:End"/>
+ <xs:element name="wasInvalidatedBy" type="prov:Invalidation"/>
+
+ <!-- Component 2 elements -->
+
+ <xs:element name="wasDerivedFrom" type="prov:Derivation"/>
+ <xs:element name="wasRevisionOf" type="prov:Revision"/>
+ <xs:element name="wasQuotedFrom" type="prov:Quotation"/>
+ <xs:element name="hadPrimarySource" type="prov:PrimarySource"/>
+
+ <!-- Component 3 elements -->
+
+ <xs:element name="agent" type="prov:Agent"/>
+ <xs:element name="person" type="prov:Person"/>
+ <xs:element name="organization" type="prov:Organization"/>
+ <xs:element name="softwareAgent" type="prov:SoftwareAgent"/>
+ <xs:element name="wasAttributedTo" type="prov:Attribution"/>
+ <xs:element name="wasAssociatedWith" type="prov:Association"/>
+ <xs:element name="actedOnBehalfOf" type="prov:Delegation"/>
+ <xs:element name="wasInfluencedBy" type="prov:Influence"/>
+
+ <!-- Component 5 elements -->
+
+ <xs:element name="bundle" type="prov:Bundle"/>
+ <xs:element name="specializationOf" type="prov:Specialization"/>
+ <xs:element name="alternateOf" type="prov:Alternate"/>
+
+ <!-- Component 6 elements -->
+
+ <xs:element name="hadMember" type="prov:Membership"/>
+ <xs:element name="collection" type="prov:Collection"/>
+ <xs:element name="emptyCollection" type="prov:EmptyCollection"/>
+
+ <!-- Component 7 elements -->
+
+ <xs:element name="plan" type="prov:Plan"/>
+
+ <!-- document elements -->
+
+ <xs:group name="documentElements">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:entity" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:activity" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:wasGeneratedBy" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:used" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:wasInformedBy" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:wasStartedBy" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:wasEndedBy" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:wasInvalidatedBy" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:wasDerivedFrom" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:wasRevisionOf" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:wasQuotedFrom" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:hadPrimarySource" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:agent" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:person" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:organization" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:softwareAgent" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:wasAttributedTo" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:wasAssociatedWith" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:actedOnBehalfOf" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:wasInfluencedBy" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:bundle" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:specializationOf" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:alternateOf" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:collection" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:emptyCollection" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:hadMember" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:plan" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:internalElement" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" />
+ </xs:sequence>
+ </xs:group>
+
+ <xs:element name="document" type="prov:Document" />
+ <xs:complexType name="Document">
+ <xs:sequence maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:group ref="prov:documentElements" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="bundleContent" type="prov:BundleConstructor" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" />
+ </xs:sequence>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+
+ <!-- abstract element used by extensions -->
+
+ <xs:element name="internalElement" abstract="true" />
+
+</xs:schema>
+</pre>
+</section> <!-- end prov-core-schema -->
+
+<section id="extension-schemas">
+<h3><span class="secno">A.3 </span>Extension Schemas</h3>
+<p>Extension schemas are schemas in the PROV Namespace that define additional PROV elements not from the PROV-DM. Workgroup Notes provide extension schemas to define their Note-introduced PROV elements. Extension schemas must import (using <code>xs:include</code>) the <b>prov-core.xsd</b> schema and make use of a substitution group on the <code>prov:internalElement</code> to add extension defined elements to the list of valid PROV elements in a bundle or document.</p>
+<p>Here is an example from the <b>prov-links.xsd</b> extension schema.</p>
+<pre title="prov-links.xsd"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#" xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ elementFormDefault="qualified">
+
+ <xs:include schemaLocation="../prov-core.xsd" />
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Mention">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="specificEntity" type="prov:IDRef" />
+ <xs:element name="generalEntity" type="prov:IDRef" />
+ <xs:element name="bundle" type="prov:IDRef" />
+ </xs:sequence>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:element name="mentionOf" type="prov:Mention" substitutionGroup="prov:internalElement" />
+
+</xs:schema>
+</pre>
+</section> <!-- end extension-schemas -->
+</section> <!-- end prov-xml-schema -->
+
+<section class="appendix" id="changelog">
+<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">B. </span>Change Log</h2>
+
+<section id="changelog-last">
+<h3><span class="secno">B.1 </span>Changes since last version</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>Added Change Log section</li>
+<li> Changed the status of this document section: added new documents to the PROV Family of Document, and removed the how to read section, referring instead to PROV-OVERVIEW.</li>
+<li>Changed all URLs to PROV documents.</li>
+<li>Removed Review notes.</li>
+<li>Updated table 1 with XML Schema Referencing Element column.</li>
+<li>Added Type Conventions and Schema Modularization sections to XML Schema Design section.</li>
+<li>Updated Bundle section to reflect changes in schema design.</li>
+<li>Updated inline schema and schema examples to reflect updates to schema design.</li>
+<li>Updated text that appears before schema snippets and examples in PROV XML Schema subsections.</li>
+<li>Added extension schema example to appendix.</li>
+<li>Removed Macintosh HFS file type paragraph from Media Type section.</li>
+<li>Made all references informative instead of normative since PROV-XML is a note.</li>
+</ul>
+</section> <!-- end changelog-last -->
+</section> <!-- end changelog -->
+
+<section class="appendix" id="acknowledgements">
+<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">C. </span>Acknowledgements</h2>
+
+This document has been produced by the PROV Working Group, and its
+contents reflect extensive discussion within the Working Group as a
+whole. The editors extend special thanks to Luc Moreau (University of
+Southampton), Paul Groth (Vrije Universiteit) and James Cheney
+(University of Edinburgh) for their thorough reviews.
+
+<p>
+Members of the PROV Working Group at the time of publication of this document were:
+
+Ilkay Altintas (Invited expert),
+Reza B'Far (Oracle Corporation),
+Khalid Belhajjame (University of Manchester),
+James Cheney (University of Edinburgh, School of Informatics),
+Sam Coppens (IBBT),
+David Corsar (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science),
+Stephen Cresswell (The National Archives),
+Tom De Nies (IBBT),
+Helena Deus (DERI Galway at the National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland),
+Simon Dobson (Invited expert),
+Martin Doerr (Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas(FORTH)),
+Kai Eckert (Invited expert),
+Jean-Pierre EVAIN (European Broadcasting Union, EBU-UER),
+James Frew (Invited expert),
+Irini Fundulaki (Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas(FORTH)),
+Daniel Garijo (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid),
+Yolanda Gil (Invited expert),
+Ryan Golden (Oracle Corporation),
+Paul Groth (Vrije Universiteit),
+Olaf Hartig (Invited expert),
+David Hau (National Cancer Institute, NCI),
+Sandro Hawke (<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>/<abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr>),
+Jörn Hees (German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) Gmbh),
+Ivan Herman, (<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>/<abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr>),
+Ralph Hodgson (TopQuadrant),
+Hook Hua (Invited expert),
+Trung Dong Huynh (University of Southampton),
+Graham Klyne (University of Oxford),
+Michael Lang (Revelytix, Inc.),
+Timothy Lebo (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+James McCusker (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Deborah McGuinness (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Simon Miles (Invited expert),
+Paolo Missier (School of Computing Science, Newcastle university),
+Luc Moreau (University of Southampton),
+James Myers (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Vinh Nguyen (Wright State University),
+Edoardo Pignotti (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science),
+Paulo da Silva Pinheiro (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Carl Reed (Open Geospatial Consortium),
+Adam Retter (Invited Expert),
+Christine Runnegar (Invited expert),
+Satya Sahoo (Invited expert),
+David Schaengold (Revelytix, Inc.),
+Daniel Schutzer (FSTC, Financial Services Technology Consortium),
+Yogesh Simmhan (Invited expert),
+Stian Soiland-Reyes (University of Manchester),
+Eric Stephan (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory),
+Linda Stewart (The National Archives),
+Ed Summers (Library of Congress),
+Maria Theodoridou (Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas(FORTH)),
+Ted Thibodeau (OpenLink Software Inc.),
+Curt Tilmes (National Aeronautics and Space Administration),
+Craig Trim (IBM Corporation),
+Stephan Zednik (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Jun Zhao (University of Oxford),
+Yuting Zhao (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science).
+</p>
+</section> <!-- end acknowledgements -->
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="references" class="appendix"><!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">D. </span>References</h2><section id="informative-references"><h3><span class="secno">D.1 </span>Informative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-Mappings">[Mappings]</dt><dd>Satya Sahoo and Paul Groth and Olaf Hartig and Simon Miles and Sam Coppens and James Myers and Yolanda Gil and Luc Moreau and Jun Zhao and Michael Panzer and Daniel Garijo <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/prov/wiki/Provenance_Vocabulary_Mappings"><cite>Provenance Vocabulary Mappings</cite></a>. August 2010 URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/prov/wiki/Provenance_Vocabulary_Mappings">http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/prov/wiki/Provenance_Vocabulary_Mappings</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-AQ">[PROV-AQ]</dt><dd>Graham Klyne; Paul Groth; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-aq-20130312/"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-aq-20130312/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-aq-20130312/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]</dt><dd>James Cheney; Paolo Missier; Luc Moreau; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-constraints-20130312/"><cite>Constraints of the PROV Data Model</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, W3C Proposed Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-constraints-20130312/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-constraints-20130312/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-DC">[PROV-DC]</dt><dd>Daniel Garijo; Kai Eckert; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dc-20130312/"><cite>Dublin Core to PROV Mapping</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dc-20130312/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dc-20130312/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-DICTIONARY">[PROV-DICTIONARY]</dt><dd>Tom De Nies; Sam Coppens; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dictionary-20130312/"><cite>PROV Dictionary</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dictionary-20130312/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dictionary-20130312/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-DM">[PROV-DM]</dt><dd>Luc Moreau; Paolo Missier; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/"><cite>PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, W3C Proposed Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-LINKS">[PROV-LINKS]</dt><dd>Luc Moreau; Timothy Lebo; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-links-20130312/"><cite>Linking Across Provenance Bundles</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-links-20130312/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-links-20130312/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-N">[PROV-N]</dt><dd>Luc Moreau; Paolo Missier; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/"><cite>PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, W3C Proposed Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-O">[PROV-O]</dt><dd>Timothy Lebo; Satya Sahoo; Deborah McGuinness; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/"><cite>PROV-O: The PROV Ontology</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, W3C Proposed Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">[PROV-OVERVIEW]</dt><dd>Paul Groth; Luc Moreau; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-overview-20130312/"><cite>PROV-OVERVIEW: An Overview of the PROV Family of Documents</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-overview-20130312/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-overview-20130312/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-PRIMER">[PROV-PRIMER]</dt><dd>Yolanda Gil; Simon Miles; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-primer-20130312/"><cite>PROV Model Primer</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-primer-20130312/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-primer-20130312/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-SEM">[PROV-SEM]</dt><dd>James Cheney; ed. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-sem-20130312"><cite>Semantics of the PROV Data Model</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-sem-20130312">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-sem-20130312</a>.
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC2119">[RFC2119]</dt><dd>S. Bradner. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><cite>Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.</cite></a> March 1997. Internet RFC 2119. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC3023">[RFC3023]</dt><dd>M. Murata; S. St.Laurent; D. Kohn. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt"><cite>XML Media Types</cite></a>. January 2001. RFC 3023. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC3986">[RFC3986]</dt><dd>T. Berners-Lee; R. Fielding; L. Masinter. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"><cite>Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax</cite></a>. January 2005. RFC 3986. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC3987">[RFC3987]</dt><dd>M. Dürst; M. Suignard. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><cite>Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs)</cite></a>. January 2005. RFC 3987. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-UNISEC">[UNISEC]</dt><dd> Mark Davis; Michel Suignard. <a href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/"><cite>Unicode Security Considerations<cite></cite></cite></a>. 4 August 2010. URL: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/">http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/</a>
+</dd></dl></section></section></body></html>
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+++ b/xml/releases/WD-prov-xml-20130312/diff.html Mon Mar 04 08:47:35 2013 -0500
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+
+</span>
+</style><link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-WD"></head>
+ <body><div class="head">
+ <p>
+
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img width="72" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" alt="W3C"></a>
+
+ </p>
+ <h1 class="title" id="title">PROV-XML: The PROV XML Schema</h1>
+
+ <h2 id="w3c-working-draft-12-march-2013"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Working Draft <span class="delete">11 December 2012</span><span class="insert">12 March 2013</span></h2>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>This version:</dt>
+ <dd><span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-xml-20130312/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-xml-20130312/</span></a></dd>
+ <dt>Latest published version:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-xml/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-xml/</a></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/xml/prov-xml.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/xml/prov-xml.html</a></dd>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <dt><span class="insert">Previous version:</span></dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/NOTE-prov-xml-20121211/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/NOTE-prov-xml-20121211/</span></a> <a href="diff.html"><span class="insert">(color-coded diff)</span></a></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Editors:</dt>
+ <dd><span>(In alphabetical order)</span></dd>
+<dd><span>Hook Hua</span>, <span class="delete">Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology</span><span class="insert">Invited Expert</span></dd>
+<dd><span>Curt Tilmes</span>, National Aeronautics and Space Administration</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://tw.rpi.edu/web/person/StephanZednik">Stephan Zednik</a>, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</dd>
+
+
+
+ <dt>Author:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/">Luc Moreau</a>, University of Southampton</dd>
+
+
+
+ </dl>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <p class="copyright">
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> ©<span class="delete"> 2012-2012 </span><span class="insert">
+ 2012-2013
+
+ </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup>
+ (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>,
+ <a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>,
+ <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a><span class="insert">, </span><a href="http://ev.buaa.edu.cn/"><span class="insert">Beihang</span></a>), All Rights Reserved.
+ <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>,
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.
+ </p>
+
+
+ <hr>
+</div>
+
+<section id="abstract" class="introductory"><h2>Abstract</h2>
+<p>
+Provenance is information about entities, activities, and people involved in producing a piece of data or thing, which can be used to form assessments about its quality, reliability or trustworthiness. PROV-DM is the conceptual data model that forms a basis for the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> provenance (PROV) family of specifications. It defines a concepts for expressing provenance information enabling interchange. This document introduces an XML schema for the PROV data model (PROV-DM), allowing instances of the PROV data model to be serialized in XML.
+</p>
+<p>The <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20130312/">PROV Document Overview</a> describes the overall state of PROV, and should be read before other PROV documents.</p>
+</section><section id="sotd" class="introductory"><h2>Status of This Document</h2>
+
+
+
+ <p>
+ <em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other
+ documents may supersede this document. A list of current <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> publications and the latest revision
+ of this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> technical reports
+ index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em>
+ </p>
+
+
+<h4 id="prov-family-of-documents">PROV Family of Documents</h4>
+This document is part of the PROV family of documents, a set of documents defining various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
+interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. These documents <span class="delete">are:
+</span>
+ <span class="delete">PROV-OVERVIEW</span><span class="delete"> (To be published as Note), an overview of</span><span class="insert">are listed below. Please consult</span> the<span class="delete"> PROV family of documents</span> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW"><span class="insert">PROV-OVERVIEW</span></a></cite><span class="insert">] for a guide to reading these documents.
+</span><ul>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-overview-20130312/"><span class="insert">PROV-OVERVIEW</span></a><span class="insert"> (To be published as Note), an overview of the PROV family of documents [</span><cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">PROV-OVERVIEW</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-primer-20130312/">PROV-PRIMER</a> (To be published as Note), a primer for the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-PRIMER">PROV-PRIMER</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/">PROV-O</a> <span class="delete">(Candidate</span><span class="insert">(Proposed</span> Recommendation), the PROV ontology, an OWL2 ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/">PROV-DM</a> <span class="delete">(Candidate</span><span class="insert">(Proposed</span> Recommendation), the PROV data model for provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/">PROV-N</a> <span class="delete">(Candidate</span><span class="insert">(Proposed</span> Recommendation), a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-constraints-20130312/">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a> <span class="delete">(Candidate</span><span class="insert">(Proposed</span> Recommendation), a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <span class="delete">PROV-AQ</span><span class="delete"> (To be published as Note), the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [</span><span class="delete">PROV-AQ</span><span class="delete">]; </span>
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-xml-20130312/">PROV-XML</a> (To be published as Note), an XML schema for the PROV data model (this <span class="delete">document).</span><span class="insert">document);</span></li>
+
+
+<span class="delete">How to read</span>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-aq-20130312/"><span class="insert">PROV-AQ</span></a><span class="insert"> (To be published as Note),</span> the <span class="delete">PROV Family of Documents</span>
+
+<span class="insert">mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance </span>[<cite><span class="delete">PROV-OVERVIEW</span><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-AQ"><span class="insert">PROV-AQ</span></a></cite><span class="delete">] overviews the PROV family</span><span class="insert">]; </span></li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dictionary-20130312/"><span class="insert">PROV-DICTIONARY</span></a><span class="insert"> (To be published as Note) introduces a specific type</span> of <span class="delete">documents. </span>
+<span class="delete">The primer</span><span class="insert">collection, consisting of key-entity pairs</span> [<cite><span class="delete">PROV-PRIMER</span><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DICTIONARY"><span class="insert">PROV-DICTIONARY</span></a></cite><span class="delete">] is the entry point to</span><span class="insert">];</span></li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dc-20130312/"><span class="insert">PROV-DC</span></a><span class="insert"> (To be published as Note) provides a mapping between</span> PROV <span class="delete">offering an introduction to the provenance model.</span>
+<span class="delete">The Linked Data </span>and <span class="delete">Semantic Web community should focus on</span><span class="insert">Dublic Core Terms</span> [<cite><span class="delete">PROV-O</span><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DC"><span class="insert">PROV-DC</span></a></cite><span class="delete">] defining</span><span class="insert">];</span></li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-sem-20130312/"><span class="insert">PROV-SEM</span></a><span class="insert"> (To be published as Note), a declarative specification in terms of first-order logic of the</span> PROV <span class="delete">classes and properties specified in an OWL2 ontology. For further details, PROV-DM and</span><span class="insert">data model</span> [<cite><span class="delete">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</span><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-SEM"><span class="insert">PROV-SEM</span></a></cite><span class="delete">] specify the constraints applicable</span><span class="insert">];</span></li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-links-20130312/"><span class="insert">PROV-LINKS</span></a><span class="insert"> (To be published as Note) introduces a mechanism</span> to <span class="delete">the data model, and its interpretation. </span>
+<span class="delete">The XML community should focus on</span><span class="insert">link across bundles</span> [<cite><span class="delete">PROV-XML</span><span class="delete">] defining an XML schema for PROV. Further details can also be found in PROV-DM and [</span><span class="delete">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</span><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-LINKS"><span class="insert">PROV-LINKS</span></a></cite>].</li>
+<span class="delete">Developers seeking to retrieve or publish provenance should focus on [</span><span class="delete">PROV-AQ</span><span class="delete">].</span>
+<span class="delete">Readers seeking to implement other PROV serializations
+should focus on PROV-DM and [</span><span class="delete">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</span><span class="delete">]. [</span><span class="delete">PROV-O</span><span class="delete">], [</span><span class="delete">PROV-N</span><span class="delete">], and [</span><span class="delete">PROV-XML</span><span class="delete">] offer examples of mapping to RDF, text, and XML, respectively.</span>
+</ul>
+
+
+ <p>
+ This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/">Provenance Working Group</a> as a <span class="delete">First Public </span>Working Draft.
+
+
+ If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to
+ <a href="mailto:public-prov-comments@w3.org">public-prov-comments@w3.org</a>
+ (<a href="mailto:public-prov-comments-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>,
+ <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/">archives</a>).
+
+
+
+
+ All <span class="delete">feedback is</span><span class="insert">comments are</span> welcome.
+
+
+ </p><p>
+ Publication as a Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Membership.
+ This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at
+ any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.
+ </p>
+
+
+ <p>
+
+ This document was produced by a group operating under the
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent Policy</a>.
+
+ The group does not expect this document to become a <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Recommendation.
+
+
+ <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent disclosures</a>
+
+ made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for
+ disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the
+ information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section
+ 6 of the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent Policy</a>.
+
+
+ </p>
+
+
+
+
+</section><section id="toc"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#introduction" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-namespace" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.1 </span>PROV Namespace</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#conventions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.2 </span>Conventions</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#schema-design" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>XML Schema Design</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#schema-modularization" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">2.1 </span></span><span class="insert">Schema Modularization</span></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#design-pattern" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">2.2 </span></span><i><span class="insert">Salami Slice</span></i><span class="insert"> Design Pattern</span></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#elements-vs-attributes" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">2.3 </span></span><span class="insert">Elements vs. Attributes</span></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#type-conventions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">2.4 </span></span><span class="insert">Type Conventions</span></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#naming-conventions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">2.5 </span></span><span class="insert">Naming Conventions</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#schema-components" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>PROV XML Schema</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#component1" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1 </span>Component 1: Entities and Activities</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Entity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.1 </span>Entity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Activity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.2 </span>Activity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Generation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.3 </span>Generation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Usage" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.4 </span>Usage</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Communication" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.5 </span>Communication</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Start" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.6 </span>Start</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-End" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.7 </span>End</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Invalidation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.8 </span>Invalidation</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component2" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2 </span>Component 2: Derivations</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Derivation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.1 </span>Derivation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Revision" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.2 </span>Revision</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Quotation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.3 </span>Quotation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Primary-Source" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.4 </span>Primary Source</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component3" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3 </span>Component 3: Agents, Responsibility, and Influence</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Agent" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.1 </span>Agent</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Person" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">3.3.1.1 </span></span><span class="insert">Person</span></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Organization" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">3.3.1.2 </span></span><span class="insert">Organization</span></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-SoftwareAgent" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">3.3.1.3 </span></span><span class="insert">Software Agent</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Attribution" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.2 </span>Attribution</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Association" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.3 </span>Association</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Plan" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">3.3.3.1 </span></span><span class="insert">Plan</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Delegation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.4 </span>Delegation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Influence" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.5 </span>Influence</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component4" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.4 </span>Component 4: Bundles</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Bundle" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.4.1 </span>Bundle</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-BundleConstructor" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">3.4.2 </span></span><span class="insert">Bundle Constructor</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component5" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.5 </span>Component 5: Alternate Entities</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Specialization" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.5.1 </span>Specialization</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Alternate" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.5.2 </span>Alternate</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component6" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.6 </span>Component 6: Collections</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Collection" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.6.1 </span>Collection</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-EmptyCollection" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">3.6.1.1 </span></span><span class="insert">Empty Collection</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Membership" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.6.2 </span>Membership</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#further-elements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7 </span>Further Elements of PROV</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#attribute-Identifier" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.1 </span>Identifier</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#attribute-Reference" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">3.7.2 </span></span><span class="insert">Reference</span></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#attributes" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">3.7.2</span><span class="insert">3.7.3</span> </span>Attributes</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#element-Label" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">3.7.2.1</span><span class="insert">3.7.3.1</span> </span>Label</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#element-Location" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">3.7.2.2</span><span class="insert">3.7.3.2</span> </span>Location</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#element-Role" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">3.7.2.3</span><span class="insert">3.7.3.3</span> </span>Role</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#element-Type" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">3.7.2.4</span><span class="insert">3.7.3.4</span> </span>Type</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#element-Value" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">3.7.2.5</span><span class="insert">3.7.3.5</span> </span>Value</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#type-value" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">3.7.3</span><span class="insert">3.7.4</span> </span>Value</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#structural-elements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">3.8 </span></span><span class="insert">Structural Elements of PROV-XML</span></a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">3.8.1 </span></span><span class="insert">Document</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#media-type" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span>Media Type</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-xml-schema" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A. </span><span class="delete">Full </span>XML Schema</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-schema" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">A.1 </span></span><span class="insert">prov.xsd</span></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-core-schema" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">A.2 </span></span><span class="insert">prov-core.xsd</span></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#extension-schemas" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">A.3 </span></span><span class="insert">Extension Schemas</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#changelog" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">B. </span></span><span class="insert">Change Log</span></a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#changelog-last" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">B.1 </span></span><span class="insert">Changes since last version</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">B.</span><span class="insert">C.</span> </span>Acknowledgements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">C.</span><span class="insert">D.</span> </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><span class="delete">C.1 </span><span class="delete">Normative references</span><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">C.2</span><span class="insert">D.1</span> </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="introduction">
+<h2><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</h2>
+
+<p>
+For the purpose of this specification, <dfn id="dfn-provenance" class="internalDFN">provenance</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-provenance"><span class="diamond"><span class="insert"> ◊</span></span></a></sup> is defined as a record that describes the people, institutions, entities, and activities involved in producing, influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a thing. In particular, the provenance of information is crucial in deciding whether information is to be trusted, how it should be integrated with other diverse information sources, and how to give credit to its originators when reusing it. In an open and inclusive environment such as the Web, where users find information that is often contradictory or questionable, provenance can help those users to make trust judgements.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The PROV data model, PROV-DM, presents a generic data model for provenance that allows domain and application specific representations of provenance to be translated into such a data model and <em>interchanged</em> between systems. Thus, heterogeneous systems can export their native provenance into such a core data model, and applications that need to make sense of provenance can then import it,
+process it, and reason over it.</p>
+
+<p>
+The PROV data model distinguishes <em>core structures</em> from <em>extended structures</em>: core structures form the essence of provenance information, and are commonly found in various domain-specific vocabularies that deal with provenance or similar kinds of information [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-Mappings">Mappings</a></cite>]. Extended structures enhance and refine core structures with more expressive capabilities to cater for more advanced uses of provenance. The PROV data model, comprising both core and extended structures, is a domain-agnostic model, but with clear extensibility points allowing further domain-specific and application-specific extensions to be defined.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The PROV data model has a modular design and is structured according to six components covering various facets of provenance:</p>
+<ul>
+<li> component 1: entities and activities, and the time at which they were created, used, or ended;
+</li><li> component 2: derivations of entities from others;
+</li><li> component 3: agents bearing responsibility for entities that were generated and activities that happened;
+</li><li> component 4: bundles, a mechanism to support provenance of provenance;
+</li><li> component 5: properties to link entities that refer to a same thing;
+</li><li> component 6: collections forming a logical structure for its members.
+</li></ul>
+
+<p>
+This specification goal is to provide a succinct definition of the XML form of PROV-DM, thus, we refer the reader to the PROV-DM to provide overall justification and context to the definitions presented here.
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="prov-namespace">
+<h3><span class="secno">1.1 </span>PROV Namespace</h3>
+<p>The PROV namespace is <span class="name">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</span>.</p>
+<p> All the concepts, reserved names and attributes introduced in this specification belong to the PROV namespace.</p>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="conventions">
+<h3><span class="secno">1.2 </span>Conventions</h3>
+
+<p>The key words <span class="delete">"</span><span class="delete">must</span><span class="insert">"</span><em class="rfc2119" title="MUST"><span class="insert">MUST</span></em><span class="delete">", "</span><span class="delete">must not</span><span class="insert">", "</span><em class="rfc2119" title="MUST NOT"><span class="insert">MUST NOT</span></em><span class="delete">", "</span><span class="delete">required</span><span class="insert">", "</span><em class="rfc2119" title="REQUIRED"><span class="insert">REQUIRED</span></em><span class="delete">", "</span><span class="delete">shall</span><span class="insert">", "</span><em class="rfc2119" title="SHALL"><span class="insert">SHALL</span></em><span class="delete">", "</span><span class="delete">shall</span><span class="insert">", "</span><em class="rfc2119" title="SHALL
+ NOT"><span class="insert">SHALL</span>
+ <span class="delete">not</span><span class="insert">NOT</span></em><span class="delete">", "</span><span class="delete">should</span><span class="insert">", "</span><em class="rfc2119" title="SHOULD"><span class="insert">SHOULD</span></em><span class="delete">", "</span><span class="delete">should not</span><span class="insert">", "</span><em class="rfc2119" title="SHOULD NOT"><span class="insert">SHOULD NOT</span></em><span class="delete">", "</span><span class="delete">recommended</span><span class="insert">", "</span><em class="rfc2119" title="RECOMMENDED"><span class="insert">RECOMMENDED</span></em><span class="delete">",</span><span class="insert">",</span> <span class="delete">"</span><span class="delete">may</span><span class="insert">"</span><em class="rfc2119" title="MAY"><span class="insert">MAY</span></em><span class="delete">",</span><span class="insert">",</span> and
+ <span class="delete">"</span><span class="delete">optional</span><span class="insert">"</span><em class="rfc2119" title="OPTIONAL"><span class="insert">OPTIONAL</span></em><span class="delete">"</span><span class="insert">"</span> in this document are to be interpreted as described in
+ [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC2119">RFC2119</a></cite>].</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="schema-design">
+<h2><span class="secno">2. </span>XML Schema Design</h2>
+
+<p>Several general design principles and patterns were used in the
+ construction of the PROV XML Schema.
+</p>
+
+<section id="schema-modularization">
+<h3><span class="secno"><span class="insert">2.1 </span></span><span class="insert">Schema Modularization</span></h3>
+<p><span class="insert">The PROV-XML schema have been modularized so that extension elements defined in Working Group Notes can be defined in separate schemas. Elements corresponding to terms defined in the PROV-DM are defined in the </span><b><span class="insert">prov-core.xsd</span></b><span class="insert"> schema and elements corresponding to terms defined in notes are defined in extension schemas (e.g. </span><b><span class="insert">prov-dictionary.xsd</span></b><span class="insert">, </span><b><span class="insert">prov-links.xsd</span></b><span class="insert">). The default schema, </span><b><span class="insert">prov.xsd</span></b><span class="insert">, imports </span><b><span class="insert">prov-core.xsd</span></b><span class="insert"> and all extension schemas developed by the Working Group. With this modeling all PROV elements, even those defined in Notes, are defined from the default schema. If the user wishes to leverage a schema that does not include extension elements the user can use schemaLocation to directly reference </span><b><span class="insert">prov-core.xsd</span></b><span class="insert">.</span></p>
+<p><span class="insert">The default schema - </span><b><span class="insert">prov.xsd</span></b></p>
+<pre><span class="insert"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ elementFormDefault="qualified"
+ attributeFormDefault="unqualified">
+
+ <xs:include schemaLocation="prov-core.xsd"/>
+ <xs:include schemaLocation="extensions/prov-dictionary.xsd"/>
+ <xs:include schemaLocation="extensions/prov-links.xsd"/>
+
+</xs:schema>
+</span></pre>
+<p><span class="insert">Extension schemas import the </span><b><span class="insert">prov-core.xsd</span></b><span class="insert"> schema and make use of a substitution group on the </span><code><span class="insert">prov:internalElement</span></code><span class="insert"> to add extension-defined elements to the list of valid PROV elements in a bundle or document.</span></p>
+<p><span class="insert">The </span><b><span class="insert">prov-links.xsd</span></b><span class="insert"> extension schema.</span></p>
+<pre><span class="insert"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#" xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ elementFormDefault="qualified">
+
+ <xs:include schemaLocation="../prov-core.xsd" />
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Mention">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="specificEntity" type="prov:IDRef" />
+ <xs:element name="generalEntity" type="prov:IDRef" />
+ <xs:element name="bundle" type="prov:IDRef" />
+ </xs:sequence>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:element name="mentionOf" type="prov:Mention" substitutionGroup="prov:internalElement" />
+
+</xs:schema>
+</span></pre>
+<p><span class="insert">All schemas developed by the PROV WG utilize the PROV namespace.</span></p>
+</section>
+
+<section id="design-pattern">
+<h3><span class="secno"><span class="insert">2.2 </span></span><i>Salami Slice</i> Design Pattern</h3>
+
+
+<p>The general design pattern for the XML schema has been
+ called <i>Salami Slice Design</i> (cite?). With this design, the
+ individual components are each defined at the top level as separate
+ elements with distinct types. This allows the types to be easily
+ reusable for domain specific extensions.
+</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="insert">The </span><code><span class="insert">prov:document</span></code><span class="insert"> element has been defined to act as a convenient root element for a PROV-XML document, but it's use as the root element is not required. The schema follows the Salami Slice pattern to ensure PROV XML elements can be integrated with mixed-schema XML documents which require a different document root.</span></p>
+</section>
+
+<section id="elements-vs-attributes">
+<h3><span class="secno"><span class="insert">2.3 </span></span>Elements vs. Attributes</h3>
+
+<p>The general PROV-N syntax patterns for expressing provenance
+concepts are:
+</p>
+
+<pre class="codeexample">thing(id, elem1, elem2, ..., [attr1=val1, attr2=val2])
+concept(id; elem1, elem2, ... [attr1=val2, attr2=val2])
+</pre>
+
+<p>In both cases (required id or optional id), the PROV-N id is
+ treated as an XML <span class="delete">attribute,</span><span class="insert">attribute (</span><code><span class="insert">prov:id</span></code><span class="insert">),</span> the PROV-N <span class="delete">"elements"</span><span class="insert">"elements"</span> are treated as XML
+ elements, always with the same required order (position) as the
+ PROV-DM/PROV-N description, and optional PROV-N <span class="delete">"attributes",</span><span class="insert">"attributes",</span> if
+ allowed, always follow and are also represented by XML elements. As
+ in PROV-N, the attributes can be specified multiple times, <span class="delete">and</span><span class="insert">but unlike PROV-N the attributes have a fixed (alphabetical) order. The PROV-N "attribute" elements are always defined at the end of the encompassing sequence after all PROV-N "elements". Elements defined</span> in <span class="delete">any
+order, as long as they are</span><span class="insert">namespaces other than the PROV namespace may be included in a element after</span> all <span class="delete">at the end of the encompassing element.
+</span><span class="insert">PROV elements.</span></p>
+
+<p>Wherever an <span class="delete">"id"</span><span class="insert">"id"</span> is referenced from a later concept, the id is
+referenced as a prov:ref attribute of the element within the concept.
+</p>
+
+<p>This transformation technique yields a general XML pattern:
+</p>
+
+<pre class="codeexample"><prov:thing <span class="delete">prov:id="id"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="id"></span>
+ <prov:elem1 />
+ <prov:elem2 />
+ ...
+ <span class="delete"><prov:attr1>val1</prov:attr1>
+ <prov:attr2>val2</prov:attr2></span><span class="insert"><ex:attr1>val1</ex:attr1>
+ <ex:attr2>val2</ex:attr2></span>
+ ...
+</prov:thing>
+</pre>
+
+
+<p>Most of the concepts described below follow this general pattern.
+</p>
+</section>
+
+<section id="type-conventions">
+<h3><span class="secno"><span class="insert">2.4 </span></span><span class="insert">Type Conventions</span></h3>
+<p><span class="insert">The PROV-DM states that type information is described using a the prov:type PROV attribute with and may occur multiple times for a given entity, activity, agent, or relation.</span></p>
+<p><span class="insert">PROV-XML uses the element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:type</span></code><span class="insert"> to represent the prov:type PROV attribute. This element can be use to represent both PROV and non-PROV type information. The following examples shows type information encoded using the </span><code><span class="insert">prov:type</span></code><span class="insert"> element.</span></p>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 1</span></span><span class="insert">: type information using prov:type PROV attribute</span></div><pre class="example" ignore=""><span class="insert"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:tr="http://example.com/ns/tr#">
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">prov:Plan</prov:type>
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">ex:Workflow</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity></span>
+
+<span class="insert"></prov:document></span></pre></div>
+<p><span class="delete">REVIEW QUESTION:</span><span class="insert">PROV-XML defines complexTypes to match the PROV defined type values. These types provide a more native XML representation of PROV types. The following example is considered equivalent to the previous example because the element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:plan</span></code><span class="insert"> has type </span><code><span class="insert">prov:Plan</span></code><span class="insert">.</span></p>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 2</span></span><span class="insert">: type information using schema defined types</span></div><pre class="example" ignore=""><span class="insert"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:tr="http://example.com/ns/tr#">
+
+ <prov:plan prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">ex:Workflow</prov:type>
+ </prov:plan>
+
+</prov:document></span></pre></div>
+<p><span class="delete">Is this ordering</span><span class="insert">Because the </span><code><span class="insert">prov:Plan</span></code><span class="insert"> complexType is defined as an extension</span> of <span class="delete">elements/attributes reasonable/satisfactory?</span><span class="insert">the complexType </span><code><span class="insert">prov:Entity</span></code><span class="insert">, the following example using </span><code><span class="insert">xsi:type</span></code><span class="insert"> is valid and considered equivalent to the two previous examples. The attribute </span><code><span class="insert">xsi:type</span></code><span class="insert"> tells an XML parser the complexType of the element. The value of </span><code><span class="insert">xsi:type</span></code><span class="insert"> must be a complexType derived from the default element type.</span></p>
+<span class="delete">Would it be better to loosen the ordering requirement allowing any mix
+of elements/attributes, or to tighten the ordering requirement,
+requiring all "prov:" namespace attributes to precede all non-"prov:"
+namespace attributes when expressed as XML elements?
+</span>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 3</span></span><span class="insert">: type information using xsi:type</span></div><pre class="example" ignore=""><span class="insert"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:tr="http://example.com/ns/tr#">
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215" xsi:type="prov:Plan">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">ex:Workflow</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity></span>
+
+
+<span class="delete">REVIEW QUESTION:</span><span class="insert"></prov:document></span></pre></div>
+
+<p>The <span class="delete">current design has mirrored</span><code><span class="insert">prov:type</span></code><span class="insert"> element is</span> the <span class="insert">only mechanism to explicitly declare multiple types for an instance or declare types that are not derived from the default element type. The </span><code><span class="insert">prov:type</span></code><span class="insert"> element can be used in conjunction with schema-defined PROV types (see examples 2 and 3).</span></p>
+</section>
+
+<section id="naming-conventions">
+<h3><span class="secno"><span class="insert">2.5 </span></span><span class="insert">Naming Conventions</span></h3>
+<p><span class="insert">Element names are aligned with [</span><cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-N"><span class="insert">PROV-N</span></a></cite><span class="insert">] record names (e.g. </span><code><span class="insert">prov:wasGeneratedBy</span></code><span class="insert">, </span><code><span class="insert">prov:actedOnBehalfOf</span></code><span class="insert">) and record parameter roles (e.g. </span><code><span class="insert">prov:delegate</span></code><span class="insert">, </span><code><span class="insert">prov:responsible</span></code><span class="insert"> on a Delegation). Elements are named in camelCase which also conforms with [</span><cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-N"><span class="insert">PROV-N</span></a></cite><span class="insert">] </span>naming <span class="insert">conventions.</span></p>
+<p><span class="insert">ComplexType names are aligned with [</span><cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM"><span class="insert">PROV-DM</span></a></cite><span class="insert">] type names (e.g. </span><code><span class="insert">prov:Generation</span></code><span class="insert">, </span><code><span class="insert">prov:Delegation</span></code><span class="insert">). ComplexTypes are named in PascalCase which conforms to [</span><cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM"><span class="insert">PROV-DM</span></a></cite><span class="insert">] naming conventions and differentiates complexTypes </span>from <span class="delete">PROV-N. This often
+involves reliance on</span><span class="insert">elements in</span> the <span class="delete">"prov:type" attribute to distinguish some
+relations. In order to simplify the overall expression of those
+concepts in XML, we are considering adding additional explicitly named
+top level elements rather than requiring "prov:type".
+</span><span class="insert">schema.</span></p>
+
+<span class="delete">For example, a Quotation is currently expressed in PROV-N as a type
+of Derivation like this:</span>
+<span class="delete">
+wasDerivedFrom(a, b, [prov:type='prov:Quotation'])
+</span>
+
+<span class="delete">which is transformed to:</span>
+
+<span class="delete">
+<prov:wasDerivedFrom></span><span class="delete">
+ <prov:generatedEntity prov:ref="a"/></span><span class="delete">
+ <prov:usedEntity prov:ref="b"/></span><span class="delete">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">prov:Quotation</prov:type></span><span class="delete">
+</prov:wasDerivedFrom>
+</span>
+
+<span class="delete">This proposal would replace that with an explicit "Quotation" element:
+</span>
+
+<span class="delete">
+<prov:Quotation></span><span class="delete">
+ <prov:generatedEntity prov:ref="a"/></span><span class="delete">
+ <prov:usedEntity prov:ref="b"/></span><span class="delete">
+</prov:Quotation>
+</span>
+
+<span class="delete">Other "typed" concepts and relations would be handled similarly.
+</span>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="schema-components">
+<h2><span class="secno">3. </span>PROV XML Schema</h2>
+
+<p>Provenance concepts, expressed as PROV-DM types and relations, are organized according to six components that are defined in this section.</p>
+
+<div id="prov-dm-components-ul">
+<ul>
+<li><b>Component 1: entities and activities.</b> The first component consists of entities, activities, and concepts linking them, such as generation, usage, start, end. The first component is the only one comprising time-related concepts. </li>
+<li><b>Component 2: derivations.</b> The second component is formed with derivations and derivation subtypes.</li>
+<li><b>Component 3: agents, responsibility, and influence.</b> The third component consists of agents and concepts ascribing responsibility to agents.</li>
+<li><b>Component 4: bundles.</b> The fourth component is concerned with bundles, a mechanism to support provenance of provenance.</li>
+<li><b>Component 5: alternate.</b> The fifth component consists of relations linking entities referring to the same thing. </li>
+<li><b>Component 6: collections.</b> The sixth component is about collections. </li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<span class="figure" id="fig-agents-responsibility"><span class="figure" id="fig-figure-1-prov-dm-components-informative" style="max-width: 95%; ">
+<img usemap="#componentMap" src="images/dm/components-dependencies.png" alt="PROV-DM Components" style="max-width: 90%; ">
+<map id="componentMap">
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<area title="agents/responsibility" href="#component3" coords="0,0,67,268" alt="agents/responsibility" shape="rect">
+<area title="agents/responsibility" href="#component3" coords="67,0,134,201" alt="agents/responsibility" shape="rect">
+<area title="agents/responsibility" href="#component3" coords="134,0,201,67" alt="agents/responsibility" shape="rect">
+<area title="derivations" href="#component2" coords="201,0,268,201" alt="derivations" shape="rect">
+<area title="derivations" href="#component2" coords="134,67,201,201" alt="derivations" shape="rect">
+<area title="alternate" href="#component5" coords="335,0,402,201" alt="alternate" shape="rect">
+<area title="collections" href="#component6" coords="402,0,469,201" alt="collections" shape="rect">
+<area title="activities/entities" href="#component1" coords="67,201,469,268" alt="activities/entities" shape="rect">
+<area title="bundles" href="#component4" coords="268,0,402,201" alt="bundles" shape="rect">
+</map>
+<br>
+<span class="figcaption" id="prov-dm-components">Figure 1<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#prov-dm-components"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> PROV-DM Components (Informative)</span>
+</span><figcaption><span class="insert">Fig. </span><span class="figno"><span class="insert">1</span></span> <span class="fig-title"><span class="insert">agents/responsibility</span></span></figcaption></span>
+</div>
+
+<p><a href="#prov-schema-mapping">Table 1</a> is a mapping of PROV-DM types and relations in PROV-XML schema XML types and elements.</p>
+
+<div id="prov-schema-mapping-div" style="text-align: center;">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="prov-schema-mapping"><span>Table 1<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#prov-schema-mapping"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> </span><span><span class="insert">Table 1</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#prov-schema-mapping"><span class="diamond"><span class="insert"> ◊:</span></span></a></sup> </span>PROV-DM Types and Relations to XML Schema Mapping</caption>
+<tbody><tr>
+<td><a><b>Type or Relation Name</b></a></td>
+<td><b>XML Schema ComplexType<span class="delete"> or usage</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class="insert">XML Schema Referencing Element</span></b></td>
+<td><b>Component</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+<tr class="component1-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-entity">Entity</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Entity</td>
+ <td><span class="insert">prov:entity</span></td>
+ <td rowspan="8"><a href="#component1">Component 1: Entities/Activities</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component1-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-activity">Activity</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Activity
+
+
+ <span class="delete">Generation</span></td>
+ <td><span class="delete">prov:Generation</span><span class="insert">prov:activity</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component1-color">
+ <span class="delete">Usage</span><td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-generation"><span class="insert">Generation</span></a></td>
+ <td><span class="delete">prov:Usage</span>
+
+
+ <span class="delete">Communication</span><span class="insert">prov:Generation</span></td>
+ <td><span class="delete">prov:Communication</span><span class="insert">prov:wasGeneratedBy</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component1-color">
+ <td><span class="delete">Start</span><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-usage"><span class="insert">Usage</span></a></td>
+ <td><span class="delete">prov:Start</span><span class="insert">prov:Usage</span></td>
+ <td><span class="insert">prov:used</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component1-color">
+ <td><span class="delete">End</span><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-communication"><span class="insert">Communication</span></a></td>
+ <td><span class="delete">prov:End</span><span class="insert">prov:Communication</span></td>
+ <td><span class="insert">prov:wasInformedBy</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component1-color">
+ <td><span class="delete">Invalidation</span><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-start"><span class="insert">Start</span></a></td>
+ <td><span class="insert">prov:Start</span></td>
+ <td><span class="insert">prov:wasStartedBy</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component1-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-end"><span class="insert">End</span></a></td>
+ <td><span class="insert">prov:End</span></td>
+ <td><span class="insert">prov:wasEndedBy</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component1-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-invalidation"><span class="insert">Invalidation</span></a></td>
+ <td>prov:Invalidation</td>
+ <td><span class="insert">prov:wasInvalidatedBy</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td colspan="3" style="border-width: 0px; "></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component2-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-derivation">Derivation</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Derivation</td>
+ <td><span class="insert">prov:wasDerivedFrom</span></td>
+ <td rowspan="4"><a href="#component2">Component 2: Derivations</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component2-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-revision">Revision</a></td>
+ <td><span class="delete">use <prov:type>prov:Revision</prov:type> in Derivation</span>
+
+
+ <span class="delete">Quotation</span><span class="insert">prov:Revision</span></td>
+ <td><span class="delete">use <prov:type>prov:Quotation</prov:type> in Derivation</span><span class="insert">prov:wasRevisionOf</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component2-color">
+ <span class="delete">Primary Source</span><td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-quotation"><span class="insert">Quotation</span></a></td>
+ <td><span class="delete">use <prov:type>prov:PrimarySource</prov:type> in Derivation</span><span class="insert">prov:Quotation</span></td>
+ <td><span class="insert">prov:wasQuotedFrom</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component2-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-primary-source"><span class="insert">Primary Source</span></a></td>
+ <td><span class="insert">prov:PrimarySource</span></td>
+ <td><span class="insert">prov:hadPrimarySource</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td colspan="3" style="border-width: 0px; "></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component3-color" style="border-collapse: collapse; ">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-agent">Agent</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Agent</td>
+ <td><span class="insert">prov:agent</span></td>
+ <td rowspan="9"><a href="#component3">Component 3: Agents, Responsibility, Influence</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component3-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-attribution">Attribution</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Attribution
+
+
+ <span class="delete">Association</span></td>
+ <td><span class="delete">prov:Association</span><span class="insert">prov:wasAttributedTo</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component3-color">
+ <span class="delete">Delegation</span><td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-association"><span class="insert">Association</span></a></td>
+ <td><span class="delete">prov:Delegation</span>
+
+
+ <span class="delete">Plan</span><span class="insert">prov:Association</span></td>
+ <td><span class="delete">use <prov:type>prov:Plan</prov:type> in Entity</span><span class="insert">prov:wasAssociatedWith</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component3-color">
+ <span class="delete">Person</span><td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-delegation"><span class="insert">Delegation</span></a></td>
+ <td><span class="delete">use <prov:type>prov:Person</prov:type> in Agent</span>
+
+
+ <span class="delete">Organization</span><span class="insert">prov:Delegation</span></td>
+ <td><span class="delete">use <prov:type>prov:Organization</prov:type> in Agent</span><span class="insert">prov:actedOnBehalfOf</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component3-color">
+ <span class="delete">SoftwareAgent</span><td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-plan"><span class="insert">Plan</span></a></td>
+ <td><span class="delete">use <prov:type>prov:SoftwareAgent</prov:type> in Agent</span><span class="insert">prov:Plan</span></td>
+ <td><span class="insert">prov:plan</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component3-color">
+ <td><span class="delete">Influence</span><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-person"><span class="insert">Person</span></a></td>
+ <td><span class="insert">prov:Person</span></td>
+ <td><span class="insert">prov:person</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component3-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-organization"><span class="insert">Organization</span></a></td>
+ <td><span class="insert">prov:Organization</span></td>
+ <td><span class="insert">prov:organization</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component3-color">
+ <td><a class="essential"><span class="insert">Software Agent</span></a></td>
+ <td><span class="insert">prov:SoftwareAgent</span></td>
+ <td><span class="insert">prov:softwareAgent</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component3-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-influence"><span class="insert">Influence</span></a></td>
+ <td>prov:Influence</td>
+ <td><span class="insert">prov:wasInfluencedBy</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td colspan="3" style="border-width: 0px; "></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component4-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-bundle">Bundle<span class="delete"> constructor</span></a></td>
+ <td><span class="delete">???</span><span class="insert">prov:Bundle</span></td>
+ <td><span class="insert">prov:bundle</span></td>
+ <td rowspan="2"><a href="#component5">Component 4: Bundles</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component4-color">
+ <td><a class="essential">Bundle <span class="delete">type</span><span class="insert">Constructor</span></a></td>
+ <td><span class="delete">use <prov:type>prov:Bundle</prov:type> in Entity</span><span class="insert">prov:BundleConstructor</span></td>
+ <td><span class="insert">prov:bundleContent</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td colspan="3" style="border-width: 0px; "></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component5-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-alternate">Alternate</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Alternate</td>
+ <td><span class="insert">prov:alternateOf</span></td>
+ <td rowspan="3"><a href="#component4">Component 5: Alternate</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component5-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-specialization">Specialization</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Specialization</td>
+ <td><span class="insert">prov:specializationOf</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td colspan="3" style="border-width: 0px; "></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component6-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-collection">Collection</a></td>
+ <td><span class="delete">use <prov:type>prov:Collection</prov:type> in Entity</span><span class="insert">prov:Collection</span></td>
+ <td><span class="insert">prov:collection</span></td>
+ <td rowspan="3"><a href="#component6">Component 6: Collections</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component6-color">
+ <span class="delete">EmptyCollection</span><td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-empty-collection"><span class="insert">Empty Collection</span></a></td>
+ <td><span class="delete">use <prov:type>prov:EmptyCollection</prov:type> in Entity</span><span class="insert">prov:EmptyCollection</span></td>
+ <td><span class="insert">prov:emptyCollection</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="component6-color">
+ <td><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#concept-membership">Membership</a></td>
+ <td>prov:Membership</td>
+ <td><span class="insert">prov:hadMember</span></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+<span class="delete">This mapping table is still under discussion and it's structure is subject to change.</span>
+
+
+
+
+
+<p>In the rest of the section, each type is defined, in English initially, followed by its XML schema definition and some example.</p>
+
+<section id="component1">
+<h3><span class="secno">3.1 </span>Component 1: Entities and Activities</h3>
+
+<p>The first component of PROV-DM is concerned with <a title="entity">entities</a> and <a title="activity">activities</a>, and their inter-relations: <a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>, <a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a>, <a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a>, <a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a>, and <a href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN">Communication</a>. </p>
+
+<section id="term-Entity">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.1 </span>Entity</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> An <span class="dfn">entity</span> is a physical, digital, conceptual, or other kind of thing with some fixed aspects; entities may be real or imaginary. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType <span class="delete">xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="Entity"></span><span class="insert">name="Entity"></span>
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <span class="delete"><xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:value"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type"/>
+ </span><span class="insert"><!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:value" minOccurs="0"/>
+ </span><xs:any <span class="delete">namespace="##other"/>
+ </xs:choice></span><span class="insert">namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute <span class="delete">ref="prov:id"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:id"/></span>
+</xs:complexType>
+
+</pre>
+<p><span class="delete">Usage</span><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:entity</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to reference a prov:Entity from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion</span> in <span class="delete">XML:</span><span class="insert">XML Schema:</span></p><span class="delete"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="entity" type="prov:Entity"/></span><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:entity" schematype="prov:Entity"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="entity" type="prov:Entity"/></span>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 4</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:entity</span></div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:tr="http://example.com/ns/tr#"></span><span class="insert">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:tr="http://example.com/ns/tr#"></span>
+
+ <b><prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215"></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">document</prov:type></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">document</prov:type></span>
+ <ex:version>2</ex:version>
+ </prov:entity></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Activity">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.2 </span>Activity</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> An <span class="dfn">activity</span> is something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with entities; it may include consuming, processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, or generating entities. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType <span class="delete">xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="Activity"></span><span class="insert">name="Activity"></span>
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">name="startTime" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/></span><span class="insert">name="startTime" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/></span>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">name="endTime" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/></span><span class="insert">name="endTime" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes --></span>
+ <span class="delete"><xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type"/>
+ </span><span class="insert"><xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </span><xs:any <span class="delete">namespace="##other"/>
+ </xs:choice></span><span class="insert">namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute <span class="delete">ref="prov:id"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:id"/></span>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p><span class="delete">Usage</span><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:activity</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to reference a prov:Activity from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion</span> in <span class="delete">XML:</span><span class="insert">XML Schema:</span></p><span class="delete"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="activity" type="prov:Activity"/></span><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:activity" schematype="prov:Activity"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="activity" type="prov:Activity"/></span>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 5</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:activity</span></div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"></span><span class="insert">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"></span>
+
+ <b><prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:id="a1"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="a1"></span>
+ <prov:startTime>2011-11-16T16:05:00</prov:startTime>
+ <prov:endTime>2011-11-16T16:06:00</prov:endTime>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">ex:edit</prov:type></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">ex:edit</prov:type></span>
+ <ex:host>server.example.org</ex:host>
+ </prov:activity></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Generation">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.3 </span>Generation</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> <span class="dfn">Generation</span> is the completion of production of a new entity by an activity. This entity did not exist before generation and becomes available for usage after this generation. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType <span class="delete">xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="Generation"></span><span class="insert">name="Generation"></span>
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">name="entity" type="prov:EntityRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:ActivityRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type"/>
+ </span><span class="insert">name="entity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </span><xs:any <span class="delete">namespace="##other"/>
+ </xs:choice></span><span class="insert">namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute <span class="delete">ref="prov:id"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:id"/></span>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p><span class="delete">Usage</span><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:wasGeneratedBy</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to reference a prov:Generation from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion</span> in <span class="delete">XML:</span><span class="insert">XML Schema:</span></p><span class="delete"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasGeneratedBy" type="prov:Generation"/></span><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:wasGeneratedBy" schematype="prov:Generation"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasGeneratedBy" type="prov:Generation"/></span>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 6</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:wasGeneratedBy</span></div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"></span><span class="insert">xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"></span>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="e1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:id="e1"/></span>
+
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:id="a1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:id="a1"/></span>
+
+ <b><prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:ref="e1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="e1"/></span>
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:ref="a1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="a1"/></span>
+ <prov:time>2001-10-26T21:32:52</prov:time>
+ <ex:port>p1</ex:port>
+ </prov:wasGeneratedBy></b>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="e2"/></span><span class="insert">prov:id="e2"/></span>
+
+ <b><prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:ref="e2"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="e2"/></span>
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:ref="a1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="a1"/></span>
+ <prov:time>2001-10-26T10:00:00</prov:time>
+ <ex:port>p2</ex:port>
+ </prov:wasGeneratedBy></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Usage">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.4 </span>Usage</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> <span class="dfn">Usage</span> is the beginning of utilizing an entity by an activity. Before usage, the activity had not begun to utilize this entity and could not have been affected by the entity. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType <span class="delete">xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="Usage"></span><span class="insert">name="Usage"></span>
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">name="activity" type="prov:ActivityRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="entity" type="prov:EntityRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type"/>
+ </span><span class="insert">name="activity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="entity" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </span><xs:any <span class="delete">namespace="##other"/>
+ </xs:choice></span><span class="insert">namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ </xs:sequence>
+
+<xs:attribute <span class="delete">ref="prov:id"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:id"/></span>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p><span class="delete">Usage</span><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:used</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to reference a prov:Usage from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion</span> in <span class="delete">XML:</span><span class="insert">XML Schema:</span></p><span class="delete"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="used" type="prov:Usage"/></span><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:used" schematype="prov:Usage"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="used" type="prov:Usage"/></span>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 7</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:used</span></div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"></span><span class="insert">xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"></span>
+
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:id="a1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:id="a1"/></span>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="e1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:id="e1"/></span>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="e2"/></span><span class="insert">prov:id="e2"/></span>
+
+ <b><prov:used>
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:ref="a1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="a1"/></span>
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:ref="e1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="e1"/></span>
+ <prov:time≶2011-11-16T16:00:00</prov:time>
+ <ex:parameter>p1</ex:parameter>
+ </prov:used></b>
+
+ <b><prov:used>
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:ref="a1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="a1"/></span>
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:ref="e2"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="e2"/></span>
+ <prov:time>2011-11-16T16:00:01</prov:time>
+ <ex:parameter>p2</ex:parameter>
+ </prov:used></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Communication">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.5 </span>Communication</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> <span class="dfn">Communication</span> is the exchange of some unspecified entity by two activities, one activity using some entity generated by the other. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType <span class="delete">xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="Communication"></span><span class="insert">name="Communication"></span>
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">name="informed" type="prov:ActivityRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="informant" type="prov:ActivityRef"/>
+ <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type"/>
+ </span><span class="insert">name="informed" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="informant" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </span><xs:any <span class="delete">namespace="##other"/>
+ </xs:choice></span><span class="insert">namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute <span class="delete">ref="prov:id"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:id"/></span>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p><span class="delete">Usage</span><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:wasInformedBy</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to reference a prov:Communication from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion</span> in <span class="delete">XML:</span><span class="insert">XML Schema:</span></p><span class="delete"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasInformedBy" type="prov:Communication"/></span><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:wasInformedBy" schematype="prov:Communication"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasInformedBy" type="prov:Communication"/></span>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 8</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:wasInformedBy</span></div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"></span><span class="insert">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"></span>
+
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:id="a1"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="a1"></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:string">traffic</span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:string">traffic</span> regulations enforcing<prov:type>
+ </prov:activity>
+
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:id="a2"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="a2"></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:string">fine</span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:string">fine</span> paying, check writing, and mailing</prov:type>
+ </prov:activity>
+
+ <b><prov:wasInformedBy>
+ <prov:informed <span class="delete">prov:ref="a2"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="a2"/></span>
+ <prov:informant <span class="delete">prov:ref="a1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="a1"/></span>
+ </prov:wasInformedBy></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Start">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.6 </span>Start</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> <span class="dfn">Start</span> is when an activity is deemed to have been started by an entity, known as <span class="dfn">trigger</span>. The activity did not exist before its start. Any usage, generation, or invalidation involving an activity follows the activity's start. A start may refer to a trigger entity that set off the activity, or to an activity, known as <span class="dfn">starter</span>, that generated the trigger. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType <span class="delete">xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="Start"></span><span class="insert">name="Start"></span>
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">name="activity" type="prov:ActivityRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="trigger" type="prov:EntityRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="starter" type="prov:ActivityRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type"/>
+ </span><span class="insert">name="activity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="trigger" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="starter" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </span><xs:any <span class="delete">namespace="##other"/>
+ </xs:choice></span><span class="insert">namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute <span class="delete">ref="prov:id"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:id"/></span>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p><span class="delete">Usage</span><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:wasStartedBy</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to reference a prov:Start from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion</span> in <span class="delete">XML:</span><span class="insert">XML Schema:</span></p><span class="delete"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasStartedBy" type="prov:Start"/></span><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:wasStartedBy" schematype="prov:Start"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasStartedBy" type="prov:Start"/></span>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 9</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:wasStartedBy</span></div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"></span><span class="insert">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"></span>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="e1"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="e1"></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:string">email</span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:string">email</span> message</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:id="a1"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="a1"></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">Discuss</prov:type></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">Discuss</prov:type></span>
+ </prov:activity>
+
+ <b><prov:wasStartedBy>
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:ref="a1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="a1"/></span>
+ <prov:trigger <span class="delete">prov:ref="e1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="e1"/></span>
+ <prov:time>2011-11-16T16:05:00</prov:time>
+ </prov:wasStartedBy></b>
+
+ <prov:used>
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:ref="a1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="a1"/></span>
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:ref="e1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="e1"/></span>
+ </prov:used>
+
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:id="a0"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="a0"></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">Write</prov:type></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">Write</prov:type></span>
+ </prov:activity>
+
+ <prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:ref="e1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="e1"/></span>
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:ref="a0"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="a0"/></span>
+ </prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+
+ <b><prov:wasStartedBy>
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:ref="a1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="a1"/></span>
+ <prov:trigger <span class="delete">prov:ref="e1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="e1"/></span>
+ <prov:starter <span class="delete">prov:ref="a0"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="a0"/></span>
+ <prov:time>2011-11-16T16:05:00</prov:time>
+ </prov:wasStartedBy></b>
+
+ <b><prov:wasStartedBy>
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:ref="a1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="a1"/></span>
+ <prov:starter <span class="delete">prov:ref="a0"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="a0"/></span>
+ <prov:time>2011-11-16T16:05:00</prov:time>
+ </prov:wasStartedBy></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-End">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.7 </span>End</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> <span class="dfn">End</span> is when an activity is deemed to have been ended by an entity, known as <span class="dfn">trigger</span>. The activity no longer exists after its end. Any usage, generation, or invalidation involving an activity precedes the activity's end. An end may refer to a trigger entity that terminated the activity, or to an activity, known as <span class="dfn">ender</span> that generated the trigger. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType <span class="delete">xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="End"></span><span class="insert">name="End"></span>
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">name="activity" type="prov:ActivityRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="trigger" type="prov:EntityRef"</span><span class="insert">name="activity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="trigger" type="prov:IDRef"</span> <span class="delete">minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="ender" type="prov:ActivityRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type"/>
+ </span><span class="insert">minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="ender" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </span><xs:any <span class="delete">namespace="##other"/>
+ </xs:choice></span><span class="insert">namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute <span class="delete">ref="prov:id"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:id"/></span>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p><span class="delete">Usage</span><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:wasEndedBy</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to reference a prov:End from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion</span> in <span class="delete">XML:</span><span class="insert">XML Schema:</span></p><span class="delete"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasEndedBy" ype="prov:End"/></span><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:wasEndedBy" schematype="prov:End"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasEndedBy" type="prov:End"/></span>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 10</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:wasEndedBy</span></div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"></span><span class="insert">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"></span>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="e1"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="e1"></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:string">approval</span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:string">approval</span> document</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:id="a1"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="a1"></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">Editing</prov:type></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">Editing</prov:type></span>
+ </prov:activity>
+
+ <b><prov:wasEndedBy>
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:ref="a1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="a1"/></span>
+ <prov:trigger <span class="delete">prov:ref="e1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="e1"/></span>
+ </prov:wasEndedBy></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Invalidation">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.8 </span>Invalidation</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> <span class="dfn">Invalidation</span> is the start of the destruction, cessation, or expiry of an existing entity by an activity. The entity is no longer available for use (or further invalidation) after invalidation. Any generation or usage of an entity precedes its invalidation.</span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType <span class="delete">xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="Invalidation"></span><span class="insert">name="Invalidation"></span>
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">name="entity" type="prov:EntityRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:ActivityRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type"/>
+ </span><span class="insert">name="entity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </span><xs:any <span class="delete">namespace="##other"/>
+ </xs:choice></span><span class="insert">namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute <span class="delete">ref="prov:id"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:id"/></span>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p><span class="delete">Usage</span><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:wasInvalidatedBy</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to reference a prov:Invalidation from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion</span> in <span class="delete">XML:</span><span class="insert">XML Schema:</span></p><span class="delete"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasInvalidatedBy" type="prov:Invalidation"/></span><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:wasInvalidatedBy" schematype="prov:Invalidation"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasInvalidatedBy" type="prov:Invalidation"/></span>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 11</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:wasInvalidatedBy</span></div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:bbc="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/"></span><span class="insert">xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:bbc="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/"></span>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="ex:The-Painter"/></span><span class="insert">prov:id="ex:The-Painter"/></span>
+
+ <prov:agent <span class="delete">prov:id="ex:Picasso"/></span><span class="insert">prov:id="ex:Picasso"/></span>
+
+ <prov:wasAttributedTo>
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:ref="ex:The-Painter"</span><span class="insert">prov:ref="ex:The-Painter"</span> />
+ <prov:agent <span class="delete">prov:ref="ex:Picasso"</span><span class="insert">prov:ref="ex:Picasso"</span> />
+ </prov:wasAttributedTo>
+
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:id="ex:crash"/></span><span class="insert">prov:id="ex:crash"/></span>
+
+ <b><prov:wasInvalidatedBy>
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:ref="ex:The-Painter"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="ex:The-Painter"/></span>
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:ref="ex:crash"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="ex:crash"/></span>
+ <prov:time>1998-09-03T01:31:00</prov:time>
+ <ex:circumstances>plane accident</ex:circumstances>
+ </prov:wasInvalidatedBy></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="component2">
+<h3><span class="secno">3.2 </span>Component 2: Derivations</h3>
+
+<p>The second component of PROV-DM is concerned with: <a title="derivation">derivations</a> of <a title="entity">entities</a> from other entities and derivation subtypes WasRevisionOf (<a href="#concept-revision" class="internalDFN">Revision</a>), WasQuotedFrom (<a href="#concept-quotation" class="internalDFN">Quotation</a>), and HasPrimarySource (<a href="#concept-primary-source" class="internalDFN">Primary Source</a>).</p>
+
+<section id="term-Derivation">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.2.1 </span>Derivation</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> A <span class="dfn">derivation</span> is a transformation of an entity into another, an update of an entity resulting in a new one, or the construction of a new entity based on a pre-existing entity.</span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType <span class="delete">xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="Derivation"></span><span class="insert">name="Derivation"></span>
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">name="generatedEntity" type="prov:EntityRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="usedEntity" type="prov:EntityRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:ActivityRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="generation" type="prov:GenerationRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="usage" type="prov:UsageRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type"/>
+ </span><span class="insert">name="generatedEntity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="usedEntity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="generation" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="usage" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </span><xs:any <span class="delete">namespace="##other"/>
+ </xs:choice></span><span class="insert">namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute <span class="delete">ref="prov:id"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:id"/></span>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p><span class="delete">Usage</span><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:wasDerivedFrom</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to reference a prov:Derivation from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion</span> in <span class="delete">XML:</span><span class="insert">XML Schema:</span></p><span class="delete"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasDerivedFrom" type="prov:Derivation"/></span><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:wasDerivedFrom" schematype="prov:Derivation"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasDerivedFrom" type="prov:Derivation"/></span>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 12</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:wasDerivedFrom</span></div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"></span><span class="insert">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"></span>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="e1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:id="e1"/></span>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="e2"/></span><span class="insert">prov:id="e2"/></span>
+
+ <b><prov:wasDerivedFrom>
+ <prov:generatedEntity <span class="delete">prov:ref="e2"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="e2"/></span>
+ <prov:usedEntity <span class="delete">prov:ref="e1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="e1"/></span>
+ </prov:wasDerivedFrom></b>
+
+ <b><prov:wasDerivedFrom>
+ <prov:generatedEntity <span class="delete">prov:ref="e2"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="e2"/></span>
+ <prov:usedEntity <span class="delete">prov:ref="e1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="e1"/></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:string">physical</span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:string">physical</span> transform</prov:type>
+ </prov:wasDerivedFrom></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Revision">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.2.2 </span>Revision</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> A <span class="dfn">revision</span> is a derivation for which the resulting entity is a revised version of some original. </span>
+<p><span class="insert">Type definition in XML Schema:</span></p><pre class="schema-type"><span class="insert"><xs:complexType name="Revision">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Derivation">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+</xs:complexType>
+</span></pre>
+<p><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:wasRevisionOf</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to reference a prov:Revision from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion in XML Schema:</span></p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:wasRevisionOf" schematype="prov:Revision"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasRevisionOf" type="prov:Revision"/>
+</span></pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 13</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:wasRevisionOf</span></div>
+<span class="delete">To specialize a Derivation relationship as a Revision relationship, include a </span><span class="delete">prov:type</span><span class="delete"> with the value "prov:Revision".</span>
+<pre class="example"><prov:document
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:rec54="http://www.w3.org/2001/02pd/rec54#"
+ xmlns:tr="http://example.com/ns/tr#"></span><span class="insert">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:rec54="http://www.w3.org/2001/02pd/rec54#"
+ xmlns:tr="http://example.com/ns/tr#"></span>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215"></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">rec54:WD</prov:type></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">rec54:WD</prov:type></span>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018"></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">rec54:WD</prov:type></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">rec54:WD</prov:type></span>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <span class="delete"><prov:wasDerivedFrom></span><b><span class="insert"><prov:wasRevisionOf></span>
+ <prov:generatedEntity <span class="delete">prov:ref="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215"/></span>
+ <prov:usedEntity <span class="delete">prov:ref="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018"/>
+ </span><span class="delete"><prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">prov:Revision</prov:type></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018"/>
+ </prov:wasRevisionOf></span></b><span class="delete">
+ </prov:wasDerivedFrom></span>
+
+</prov:document></pre>
+
+<span class="delete">The modeling of Revision is currently under discussion and is subject to change.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Quotation">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.2.3 </span>Quotation</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> A <span class="dfn">quotation</span> is the repeat of (some or all of) an entity, such as text or image, by someone who may or may not be its original author. </span>
+<p><span class="insert">Type definition in XML Schema:</span></p><pre class="schema-type"><span class="insert"><xs:complexType name="Quotation">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Derivation">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+</xs:complexType>
+</span></pre>
+<p><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:wasQuotedFrom</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to reference a prov:Quotation from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion in XML Schema:</span></p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:wasQuotedFrom" schematype="prov:Quotation"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasQuotedFrom" type="prov:Quotation"/>
+</span></pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 14</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:wasQuotedFrom</span></div>
+<span class="delete">To specialize a Derivation relationship as a Quotation relationship, include a </span><span class="delete">prov:type</span><span class="delete"> with the value "prov:Quotation".</span>
+<pre class="example"><prov:document
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:wp="http://thinklinks.wordpress.com/2012/03/07/"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:dm="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#"></span><span class="insert">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:wp="http://thinklinks.wordpress.com/2012/03/07/"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:dm="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#"></span>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="wp:thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop"/></span><span class="insert">prov:id="wp:thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop"/></span>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="dm:bl-dagstuhl"/></span><span class="insert">prov:id="dm:bl-dagstuhl"/></span>
+
+ <span class="delete"><prov:agent prov:id="ex:Luc"/></span><span class="insert"><prov:person prov:id="ex:Luc"/></span>
+
+ <span class="delete"><prov:agent prov:id="ex:Paul"/></span><span class="insert"><prov:person prov:id="ex:Paul"/></span>
+
+ <span class="delete"><prov:wasDerivedFrom></span><b><span class="insert"><prov:wasQuotedFrom></span>
+ <prov:generatedEntity <span class="delete">prov:ref="dm:gl-dagstuhl"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="dm:gl-dagstuhl"/></span>
+ <prov:usedEntity <span class="delete">prov:ref="wp:thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop"/>
+ </span><span class="delete"><prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">prov:Quotation</prov:type></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="wp:thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop"/>
+ </prov:wasQuotedFrom></span></b><span class="delete">
+ </prov:wasDerivedFrom></span>
+
+ <prov:wasAttributedTo>
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:ref="dm:bl-dagstuhl"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="dm:bl-dagstuhl"/></span>
+ <prov:agent <span class="delete">prov:ref="ex:Luc"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="ex:Luc"/></span>
+ </prov:wasAttributedTo>
+
+ <prov:wasAttributedTo>
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:ref="wp:thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="wp:thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop"/></span>
+ <prov:agent <span class="delete">prov:ref="ex:Paul"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="ex:Paul"/></span>
+ </prov:wasAttributedTo>
+
+</prov:document></pre>
+
+<span class="delete">The modeling of Quotation is currently under discussion and is subject to change.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Primary-Source">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.2.4 </span>Primary Source</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> A <span class="dfn">primary source</span> for a topic refers to something produced by some agent with direct experience and knowledge about the topic, at the time of the topic's study, without benefit from hindsight. </span>
+<p><span class="insert">Type definition in XML Schema:</span></p><pre class="schema-type"><span class="insert"><xs:complexType name="PrimarySource">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Derivation">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+</xs:complexType>
+</span></pre>
+<p><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:hadPrimarySource</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to reference a prov:PrimarySource from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion in XML Schema:</span></p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:hadPrimarySource" schematype="prov:PrimarySource"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="hadPrimarySource" type="prov:PrimarySource"/>
+</span></pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 15</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:hadPrimarySource</span></div>
+<span class="delete">To specialize a Derivation relationship as a Primary Source relationship, include a </span><span class="delete">prov:type</span><span class="delete"> with the value "prov:PrimarySource".</span>
+<pre class="example"><prov:document
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"></span><span class="insert">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"></span>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="ex:la-campagne-de-Russie-1812-1813"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="ex:la-campagne-de-Russie-1812-1813"></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">map</prov:type></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">map</prov:type></span>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="ex:revue-d-Histoire-de-la-Pharmacie-t-XVIII"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="ex:revue-d-Histoire-de-la-Pharmacie-t-XVIII"></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">journal</prov:type></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">journal</prov:type></span>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <span class="delete"><prov:wasDerivedFrom></span><b><span class="insert"><prov:hadPrimarySource></span>
+ <prov:generatedEntity <span class="delete">prov:ref="ex:la-campagne-de-Russie-1812-1813"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="ex:la-campagne-de-Russie-1812-1813"/></span>
+ <prov:usedEntity <span class="delete">prov:ref="ex:revue-d-Histoire-de-la-Pharmacie-t-XVIII"/>
+ </span><span class="delete"><prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">prov:PrimarySource</prov:type></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="ex:revue-d-Histoire-de-la-Pharmacie-t-XVIII"/>
+ </prov:hadPrimarySource></span></b><span class="delete">
+ </prov:wasDerivedFrom></span>
+
+</prov:document></pre>
+
+<span class="delete">The modeling of PrimarySource is currently under discussion and is subject to change.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="component3">
+<h3><span class="secno">3.3 </span>Component 3: Agents, Responsibility, and Influence</h3>
+
+<p>The third component of PROV-DM is concerned with <a title="agent">agents</a> and the relations WasAttributedTo
+(<a href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">Attribution</a>), WasAssociatedWith (<a href="#concept-association" class="internalDFN">Association</a>), ActedOnBehalfOf (<a href="#concept-delegation" class="internalDFN">Delegation</a>), relating agents to entities, activities, and agents, respectively.</p>
+
+<section id="term-Agent">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.3.1 </span>Agent</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> An <span class="dfn">agent</span> is something that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place, for the existence of an entity, or for another agent's activity. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType <span class="delete">xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="Agent"></span><span class="insert">name="Agent"></span>
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <span class="delete"><xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type"/>
+ </span><span class="insert"><!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </span><xs:any <span class="delete">namespace="##other"/>
+ </xs:choice></span><span class="insert">namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute <span class="delete">ref="prov:id"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:id"/></span>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p><span class="delete">Usage</span><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:agent</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to reference a prov:Agent from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion</span> in <span class="delete">XML:</span><span class="insert">XML Schema:</span></p><span class="delete"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="agent" type="prov:Agent"/></span><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:agent" schematype="prov:Agent"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="agent" type="prov:Agent"/></span>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 16</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:agent</span></div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"></span><span class="insert">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"></span>
+
+ <b><prov:agent <span class="delete">prov:id="e1"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="e1"></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">prov:Person</prov:type></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">prov:Person</prov:type></span>
+ <ex:name>Alice</ex:name>
+ <ex:employee>1234</ex:employee>
+ </prov:agent></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="term-Person">
+<h5><span class="secno"><span class="delete">3.3.2 </span><span class="delete">Attribution</span>
+<span class="insert">3.3.1.1 </span></span><span class="insert">Person</span></h5>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> <span class="delete">Attribution</span><span class="delete"> is the ascribing</span><span class="insert">Agents</span> of <span class="delete">an entity to an agent. </span><span class="insert">type </span><span class="dfn"><span class="insert">Person</span></span><span class="insert"> are people. </span></span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType <span class="delete">xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="Attribution">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="entity" type="prov:EntityRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="agent" type="prov:AgentRef"/>
+ <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other"/>
+ </xs:choice>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/></span><span class="insert">name="Person">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Agent">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent></span>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p><span class="delete">Usage</span><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:person</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to reference a prov:Person from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion</span> in <span class="delete">XML:</span><span class="insert">XML Schema:</span></p><span class="delete"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasAttributedTo" type="prov:Attribution"/></span><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:person" schematype="prov:Person"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="person" type="prov:Person"/></span>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 17</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:person</span></div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:tr="http://example.com/ns/tr#"
+ xmlns:rec54="http://example.com/ns/rec54#"></span><span class="insert">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#">
+
+ </span><b><span class="insert"><prov:person prov:id="ex:Paolo" /></span></b><span class="insert">
+
+</prov:document></span></pre></div>
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Organization">
+<h5><span class="secno"><span class="insert">3.3.1.2 </span></span><span class="insert">Organization</span></h5>
+<span class="glossary-ref"><span class="insert"> Agents of type </span><span class="dfn"><span class="insert">Organization</span></span><span class="insert"> are social or legal institutions such as companies, societies, etc. </span></span>
+<p><span class="insert">Type definition in XML Schema:</span></p><pre class="schema-type"><span class="insert"><xs:complexType name="Organization">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Agent">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+</xs:complexType>
+</span></pre>
+<p><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:organization</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to reference a prov:Organization from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion in XML Schema:</span></p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:organization" schematype="prov:Organization"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="organization" type="prov:Organization"/>
+</span></pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 18</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:organization</span></div><pre class="example"><span class="insert"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#">
+
+ </span><b><span class="insert"><prov:organization prov:id="w3:Consortium" /></span></b><span class="insert">
+
+</prov:document></span></pre></div>
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-SoftwareAgent">
+<h5><span class="secno"><span class="insert">3.3.1.3 </span></span><span class="insert">Software Agent</span></h5>
+<span class="glossary-ref"><span class="insert"> A </span><span class="dfn"><span class="insert">SoftwareAgent</span></span><span class="insert"> is running software. </span></span>
+<p><span class="insert">Type definition in XML Schema:</span></p><pre class="schema-type"><span class="insert"><xs:complexType name="SoftwareAgent">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Agent">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+</xs:complexType>
+</span></pre>
+<p><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:softwareAgent</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to reference a prov:SoftwareAgent from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion in XML Schema:</span></p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:softwareAgent" schematype="prov:SoftwareAgent"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="softwareAgent" type="prov:SoftwareAgent"/>
+</span></pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 19</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:softwareAgent</span></div><pre class="example"><span class="insert"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#">
+
+ </span><b><span class="insert"><prov:softwareAgent prov:id="ag" /></span></b><span class="insert">
+
+</prov:document></span></pre></div>
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Attribution">
+<h4><span class="secno"><span class="insert">3.3.2 </span></span><span class="insert">Attribution</span></h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> <span class="dfn"><span class="insert">Attribution</span></span><span class="insert"> is the ascribing of an entity to an agent. </span></span>
+<p><span class="insert">Type definition in XML Schema:</span></p><pre class="schema-type"><span class="insert"><xs:complexType name="Attribution">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="entity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="agent" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+</xs:complexType>
+</span></pre>
+<p><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:wasAttributedTo</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to reference a prov:Attribution from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion in XML Schema:</span></p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:wasAttributedTo" schematype="prov:Attribution"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasAttributedTo" type="prov:Attribution"/>
+</span></pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 20</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:wasAttributedTo</span></div><pre class="example"><span class="insert"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:tr="http://example.com/ns/tr#"
+ xmlns:rec54="http://example.com/ns/rec54#"></span>
+
+ <prov:agent <span class="delete">prov:id="ex:Paolo">
+ <prov:typexsi:type="xsd:QName">prov:Person</prov:type></span><span class="insert">prov:id="ex:Paolo">
+ <prov:typexsi:type="xsd:QName">prov:Person</prov:type></span>
+ </prov:agent>
+
+ <prov:agent <span class="delete">prov:id="ex:Simon"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="ex:Simon"></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">prov:Person</prov:type></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">prov:Person</prov:type></span>
+ </prov:agent>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215"></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">rec54:WD</prov:type></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">rec54:WD</prov:type></span>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <b><prov:wasAttributedTo>
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:ref="rec54:WD"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="rec54:WD"/></span>
+ <prov:agent <span class="delete">prov:ref="ex:Paolo"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="ex:Paolo"/></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">editorship</prov:type></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">editorship</prov:type></span>
+ </prov:wasAttributedTo></b>
+
+ <b><prov:wasAttributedTo>
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:ref="rec54:WD"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="rec54:WD"/></span>
+ <prov:agent <span class="delete">prov:ref="ex:Simon"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="ex:Simon"/></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">authorship</prov:type></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">authorship</prov:type></span>
+ </prov:wasAttributedTo></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Association">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.3.3 </span>Association</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> An activity <span class="dfn">association</span> is an assignment of responsibility to an agent for an activity, indicating that the agent had a role in the activity. It further allows for a plan to be specified, which is the plan intended by the agent to achieve some goals in the context of this activity. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType <span class="delete">xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="Association"></span><span class="insert">name="Association"></span>
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">name="activity" type="prov:ActivityRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="agent" type="prov:AgentRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="plan" type="prov:EntityRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type"/>
+ </span><span class="insert">name="activity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="agent" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="plan" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </span><xs:any <span class="delete">namespace="##other"/>
+ </xs:choice></span><span class="insert">namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute <span class="delete">ref="prov:id"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:id"/></span>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p><span class="delete">Usage</span><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:wasAssociatedWith</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to reference a prov:Association from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion</span> in <span class="delete">XML:</span><span class="insert">XML Schema:</span></p><span class="delete"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasAssociatedWith" type="prov:Association"/></span><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:wasAssociatedWith" schematype="prov:Association"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasAssociatedWith" type="prov:Association"/></span>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 21</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:wasAssociatedWith</span></div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"></span><span class="insert">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"></span>
+
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:id="a"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="a"></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:string">workflow</span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:string">workflow</span> execution</prov:type>
+ </prov:activity>
+
+ <prov:agent <span class="delete">prov:id="ag1"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="ag1"></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">operator</prov:type></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">operator</prov:type></span>
+ </prov:agent>
+
+ <prov:agent <span class="delete">prov:id="ag2"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="ag2"></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">designator</prov:type></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">designator</prov:type></span>
+ </prov:agent>
+
+ <b><prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:ref="a"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="a"/></span>
+ <prov:agent <span class="delete">prov:ref="ag1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="ag1"/></span>
+ <prov:role <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">loggedInUser</prov:role></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">loggedInUser</prov:role></span>
+ <ex:how>webapp</ex:how>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith></b>
+
+ <b><prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:ref="a"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="a"/></span>
+ <prov:agent <span class="delete">prov:ref="ag2"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="ag2"/></span>
+ <prov:plan <span class="delete">prov:ref="ex:wf"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="ex:wf"/></span>
+ <prov:role <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">designer</prov:role></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">designer</prov:role></span>
+ <ex:content>project1</ex:content>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith></b>
+
+ <span class="delete"><prov:entity prov:id="ex:wf">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">prov:Plan</prov:type></span><span class="insert"><prov:plan prov:id="ex:wf"></span>
+ <ex:label>Workflow 1</ex:label>
+ <prov:location <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:anyURI">http://example.org/workflow1.bpel</prov:location>
+ </prov:entity></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:anyURI">http://example.org/workflow1.bpel</prov:location>
+ </prov:plan></span>
+
+</prov:document></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="term-Plan">
+<h5><span class="secno"><span class="delete">3.3.4 </span><span class="delete">Delegation</span>
+<span class="insert">3.3.3.1 </span></span><span class="insert">Plan</span></h5>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> <span class="delete">Delegation</span><span class="insert">A </span><span class="dfn"><span class="insert">plan</span></span> is <span class="delete">the assignment</span><span class="insert">an entity that represents a set</span> of <span class="delete">authority and responsibility</span><span class="insert">actions or steps intended by one or more agents</span> to <span class="delete">an agent (by itself or by another agent)</span><span class="insert">achieve some goals.</span> <span class="delete">to carry out a specific activity as a delegate or representative, while the agent it acts on behalf of retains some responsibility for the outcome of the delegated work. </span></span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType <span class="delete">xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="Delegation"></span><span class="insert">name="Plan">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Entity">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+</xs:complexType>
+</span></pre>
+<p><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:plan</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to reference a prov:Plan from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion in XML Schema:</span></p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:plan" schematype="prov:Plan"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="plan" type="prov:Plan"/>
+</span></pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 22</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:plan</span></div><pre class="example"><span class="insert"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#">
+
+ <prov:activity prov:id="a">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:string">workflow execution</prov:type>
+ </prov:activity>
+
+ <prov:agent prov:id="ag1">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">operator</prov:type>
+ </prov:agent>
+
+ <prov:agent prov:id="ag2">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">designator</prov:type>
+ </prov:agent>
+
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="a"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ag1"/>
+ <prov:role xsi:type="xsd:QName">loggedInUser</prov:role>
+ <ex:how>webapp</ex:how>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="a"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ag2"/>
+ <prov:plan prov:ref="ex:wf"/>
+ <prov:role xsi:type="xsd:QName">designer</prov:role>
+ <ex:content>project1</ex:content>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+
+ </span><b><span class="insert"><prov:plan prov:id="ex:wf">
+ <ex:label>Workflow 1</ex:label>
+ <prov:location xsi:type="xsd:anyURI">http://example.org/workflow1.bpel</prov:location>
+ </prov:plan></span></b><span class="insert">
+
+</prov:document></span></pre></div>
+</section>
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Delegation">
+<h4><span class="secno"><span class="insert">3.3.4 </span></span><span class="insert">Delegation</span></h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> <span class="dfn"><span class="insert">Delegation</span></span><span class="insert"> is the assignment of authority and responsibility to an agent (by itself or by another agent) to carry out a specific activity as a delegate or representative, while the agent it acts on behalf of retains some responsibility for the outcome of the delegated work. </span></span>
+<p><span class="insert">Type definition in XML Schema:</span></p><pre class="schema-type"><span class="insert"><xs:complexType name="Delegation"></span>
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">name="delegate" type="prov:AgentRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="responsible" type="prov:AgentRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:ActivityRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type"/>
+ </span><span class="insert">name="delegate" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="responsible" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </span><xs:any <span class="delete">namespace="##other"/>
+ </xs:choice></span><span class="insert">namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute <span class="delete">ref="prov:id"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:id"/></span>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p><span class="delete">Usage</span><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:actedOnBehalfOf</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to reference a prov:Delegation from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion</span> in <span class="delete">XML:</span><span class="insert">XML Schema:</span></p><span class="delete"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="actedOnBehalfOf" type="prov:Delegation"/></span><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:actedOnBehalfOf" schematype="prov:Delegation"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="actedOnBehalfOf" type="prov:Delegation"/></span>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 23</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:actedOnBehalfOf</span></div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"></span><span class="insert">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"></span>
+
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:id="a"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="a"></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">workflow</prov:type></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">workflow</prov:type></span>
+ </prov:activity>
+
+ <prov:agent <span class="delete">prov:id="ag1"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="ag1"></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">programmer</prov:type></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">programmer</prov:type></span>
+ </prov:agent>
+
+ <prov:agent <span class="delete">prov:id="ag2"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="ag2"></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">researcher</prov:type></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">researcher</prov:type></span>
+ </prov:agent>
+
+ <prov:agent <span class="delete">prov:id="ag3"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="ag3"></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">funder</prov:type></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">funder</prov:type></span>
+ </prov:agent>
+
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:ref="a"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="a"/></span>
+ <prov:agent <span class="delete">prov:ref="ag1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="ag1"/></span>
+ <prov:role <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">loggedInUser</prov:role></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">loggedInUser</prov:role></span>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:ref="a"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="a"/></span>
+ <prov:agent <span class="delete">prov:ref="ag2"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="ag2"/></span>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:ref="a"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="a"/></span>
+ <prov:agent <span class="delete">prov:ref="ag3"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="ag3"/></span>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+
+ <b><prov:actedOnBehalfOf>
+ <prov:delegate <span class="delete">prov:ref="ag1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="ag1"/></span>
+ <prov:responsible <span class="delete">prov:ref="ag2"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="ag2"/></span>
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:ref="a"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="a"/></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">line-management</prov:type></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">line-management</prov:type></span>
+ </prov:actedOnBehalfOf></b>
+
+ <b><prov:actedOnBehalfOf>
+ <prov:delegate <span class="delete">prov:ref="ag2"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="ag2"/></span>
+ <prov:responsible <span class="delete">prov:ref="ag3"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="ag3"/></span>
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:ref="a"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="a"/></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">contract</prov:type></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">contract</prov:type></span>
+ </prov:actedOnBehalfOf></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Influence">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.3.5 </span>Influence</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> <span class="dfn">Influence</span> is the capacity of an entity, activity, or agent to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of another by means of usage, start, end, generation, invalidation, communication, derivation, attribution, association, or delegation. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType <span class="delete">xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="Influence"></span><span class="insert">name="Influence"></span>
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">name="influencee" type="prov:AnyRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="influencer" type="prov:AnyRef"/>
+ <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type"/>
+ </span><span class="insert">name="influencee" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="influencer" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </span><xs:any <span class="delete">namespace="##other"/>
+ </xs:choice></span><span class="insert">namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute <span class="delete">ref="prov:id"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:id"/></span>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p><span class="delete">Usage</span><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:wasInfluencedBy</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to reference a prov:Influence from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion</span> in <span class="delete">XML:</span><span class="insert">XML Schema:</span></p><span class="delete"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasInfluencedBy" type="prov:Influence"/></span><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:wasInfluencedBy" schematype="prov:Influence"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="wasInfluencedBy" type="prov:Influence"/></span>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 24</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:wasInfluencedBy</span></div><pre class="example" id="example_38"><prov:document
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:tr="http://example.com/ns/tr#"
+ xmlns:w3="http://w3.org/"></span><span class="insert">xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:tr="http://example.com/ns/tr#"
+ xmlns:w3="http://w3.org/"></span>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215"/></span><span class="insert">prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215"/></span>
+
+ <prov:agent <span class="delete">prov:id="w3:Consortium"/></span><span class="insert">prov:id="w3:Consortium"/></span>
+
+ <b><prov:wasInfluencedBy>
+ <prov:influencee <span class="delete">prov:ref="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215"/></span>
+ <prov:influencer <span class="delete">prov:ref="w3:Consortium"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="w3:Consortium"/></span>
+ </prov:wasInfluencedBy></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="component4">
+<h3><span class="secno">3.4 </span>Component 4: Bundles</h3>
+<p>The fourth component is concerned with bundles, a mechanism to support provenance of provenance.</p>
+
+
+<span class="delete">Content in this section is still under discussion and may be subject to change.</span>
+
+
+
+<section id="term-Bundle">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.4.1 </span>Bundle</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> A <span class="dfn">bundle</span> is a named set of provenance descriptions, and is itself an entity, so allowing provenance of provenance to be expressed. </span>
+<p>A <span class="delete">Bundle</span><code><span class="insert">prov:Bundle</span></code><span class="insert"> identifies a set of provenance descriptions, and</span> is an <span class="delete">entity that</span><span class="insert">extension of </span><code><span class="insert">prov:Entity</span></code><span class="insert">, so allowing provenance of provenance to be expressed by referencing the associated entity. The content of a bundle, i.e. its provenance records,</span> can <span class="delete">contain nested provenance statements.</span><span class="insert">be represented by the </span><code><span class="insert">prov:BundleConstructor</span></code><span class="insert"> complexType and can be specified with the </span><code><span class="insert">prov:bundleContent</span></code><span class="insert"> element, its </span><code><span class="insert">prov:id</span></code><span class="insert"> corresponds to the bundle entity.</span></p>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType <span class="delete">xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="Bundle">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:group ref="prov:documentElements"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/></span><span class="insert">name="Bundle">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Entity">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent></span>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p><span class="delete">To specialize an Entity as</span><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:bundle</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to reference</span> a <span class="delete">Bundle, include</span><span class="insert">prov:Bundle from within</span> a <span class="delete">prov:type</span><span class="delete"> with the value "prov:Bundle". The bundle element with nested provenance statements is declared separately from the bundle's entity.</span><span class="insert">prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</span></p>
+<p><span class="delete">Usage</span><span class="insert">Element defintion</span> in <span class="delete">XML:</span><span class="insert">XML Schema:</span></p><span class="delete"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="document" type="prov:Document" />
+<xs:complexType xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="Document">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:group ref="prov:documentElements"/>
+ <xs:element name="bundle" type="prov:Bundle"/>
+ </xs:choice>
+ </xs:sequence>
+</xs:complexType></span><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:bundle" schematype="prov:Bundle"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="bundle" type="prov:Bundle"/></span>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 25</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:bundle</span></div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:bob="http://example.com/ns/bob#"
+ xmlns:alice="http://example.com/ns/alice#"
+ xmlns:agg="http://example.com/ns/agg#">
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="ex:report1">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">report</prov:type>
+ <ex:version>1</ex:version>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="ex:report2">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">report</prov:type>
+ <ex:version>2</ex:version>
+ </prov:entity></span><span class="insert">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:bob="http://example.com/ns/bob#"
+ xmlns:alice="http://example.com/ns/alice#"
+ xmlns:agg="http://example.com/ns/agg#"></span>
+
+ <b><prov:bundle <span class="delete">prov:id="bob:bundle1"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="ex:bundle1">
+ <ex:version>1</ex:version>
+ </prov:bundle></span></b><span class="insert">
+
+ <prov:bundleContent prov:id="ex:bundle1"></span>
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="ex:report1"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="ex:report1"/>
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="ex:report2"></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">report</prov:type></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">report</prov:type></span>
+ <span class="delete"><ex:version>1</ex:version></span><span class="insert"><ex:version>2</ex:version></span>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:ref="ex:report1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="ex:report2"/></span>
+ <span class="delete"><prov:time>2012-05-24T10:00:01</prov:time></span><span class="insert"><prov:time>2012-05-25T11:00:01</prov:time></span>
+ </prov:wasGeneratedBy><span class="insert">
+
+ <prov:wasDerivedFrom>
+ <prov:generatedEntity prov:ref="ex:report2"/>
+ <prov:usedEntity prov:ref="ex:report1"/>
+ </prov:wasDerivedFrom>
+ </prov:bundleContent>
+
+</prov:document></span></pre></div>
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-BundleConstructor">
+<h4><span class="secno"><span class="insert">3.4.2 </span></span><span class="insert">Bundle Constructor</span></h4>
+<p><span class="insert">The </span><code><span class="insert">prov:BundleConstructor</span></code><span class="insert"> complexType is used to define a named set of provenance statements. The Bundle Constructor type supports the </span><code><span class="insert">prov:id</span></code><span class="insert"> attribute.</span></p>
+<p><span class="insert">The bundle entity associated with a bundle constructor set must have the same </span><code><span class="insert">prov:id</span></code><span class="insert"> as the bundle constructor set.</span></p>
+<p><span class="insert">Type definition in XML Schema:</span></p><pre class="schema-type"><span class="insert"><xs:complexType name="BundleConstructor">
+ <xs:sequence maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:group ref="prov:documentElements"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+</xs:complexType>
+</span></pre>
+<p><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:bundleContent</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to reference a set of nested provenance statements from within a prov:Document.</span></p>
+<p><span class="insert">Although </span><code><span class="insert">prov:bundleContent</span></code><span class="insert"> can only be expressed at the </span><code><span class="insert">prov:document</span></code><span class="insert"> level, the corresponding bundle entities may be specified at from either the </span><code><span class="insert">prov:document</span></code><span class="insert"> or any </span><code><span class="insert">prov:bundleContent</span></code><span class="insert">, if at all.</span></p>
+<pre><span class="insert"><xs:complexType name="Document">
+ <xs:sequence maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:group ref="prov:documentElements" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="bundleContent" type="prov:BundleConstructor" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" />
+ </xs:sequence>
+</xs:complexType>
+</span></pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 26</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:bundleContent</span></div><pre class="example"><span class="insert"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:bob="http://example.com/ns/bob#"
+ xmlns:alice="http://example.com/ns/alice#"
+ xmlns:agg="http://example.com/ns/agg#">
+
+ <prov:bundle prov:id="ex:bundle1">
+ <ex:version>1</ex:version></span>
+ </prov:bundle>
+
+
+
+ <b><span class="delete"><prov:bundle prov:id="alice:bundle2"></span><span class="insert"><prov:bundleContent prov:id="ex:bundle1"></span>
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="ex:report1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:id="ex:report1"/></span>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="ex:report2"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="ex:report2"></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">report</prov:type></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">report</prov:type></span>
+ <ex:version>2</ex:version>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:ref="ex:report2"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="ex:report2"/></span>
+ <prov:time>2012-05-25T11:00:01</prov:time>
+ </prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+
+ <prov:wasDerivedFrom>
+ <prov:generatedEntity <span class="delete">prov:ref="ex:report2"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="ex:report2"/></span>
+ <prov:usedEntity <span class="delete">prov:ref="ex:report1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="ex:report1"/></span>
+ </prov:wasDerivedFrom>
+ <span class="delete"></prov:bundle></span><span class="insert"></prov:bundleContent></span></b><span class="delete">b>
+
+ </span><span class="delete"><prov:entity prov:id="bob:bundle1">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">prov:Bundle</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity></span><span class="delete">
+
+ <prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="bob:bundle1"/>
+ <prov:time>2012-05-24T10:30:00</prov:time>
+ </prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+
+ <prov:wasAttributedTo>
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="bob:bundle1"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Bob"/>
+ </prov:wasAttributedTo>
+
+ </span><span class="delete"><prov:entity prov:id="alice:bundle2">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">prov:Bundle</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity></span><span class="delete">
+
+ <prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="alice:bundle2"/>
+ <prov:time>2012-05-25T11:15:00</prov:time>
+ </prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+
+ <prov:wasAttributedTo>
+ <prov:entity prov:ref="alice:bundle2"/>
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Alice"/>
+ </prov:wasAttributedTo></span>
+
+</prov:document></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+</section>
+
+<section id="component5">
+<h3><span class="secno">3.5 </span>Component 5: Alternate Entities</h3>
+<p>The fifth component of PROV-DM is concerned with
+relations SpecializationOf (<a>specialization</a>) and AlternateOf (<a>alternate</a>) between entities.</p>
+
+<section id="term-Specialization">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.5.1 </span>Specialization</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> An entity that is a <span class="dfn">specialization</span> of another shares all aspects of the latter, and additionally presents more specific aspects of the same thing as the latter. In particular, the lifetime of the entity being specialized contains that of any specialization. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType <span class="delete">xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="Specialization"></span><span class="insert">name="Specialization"></span>
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">name="specificEntity" type="prov:EntityRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="generalEntity" type="prov:EntityRef"/></span><span class="insert">name="specificEntity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="generalEntity" type="prov:IDRef"/></span>
+ </xs:sequence>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p><span class="delete">Usage</span><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:specializationOf</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to reference a prov:Specialization from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion</span> in <span class="delete">XML:</span><span class="insert">XML Schema:</span></p><span class="delete"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="specializationOf" type="prov:Specialization"/></span><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:specializationOf" schematype="prov:Specialization"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="specializationOf" type="prov:Specialization"/></span>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 27</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:specializationOf</span></div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:bbc="http://www.bbc.co.uk/"></span><span class="insert">xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:bbc="http://www.bbc.co.uk/"></span>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="ex:bbcNews2012-03-23"/></span><span class="insert">prov:id="ex:bbcNews2012-03-23"/></span>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="bbc:news"/></span><span class="insert">prov:id="bbc:news"/></span>
+
+ <b><prov:specializationOf>
+ <prov:specificEntity <span class="delete">prov:ref="ex:bbcNews2012-03-23"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="ex:bbcNews2012-03-23"/></span>
+ <prov:generalEntity <span class="delete">prov:ref="bbc:news"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="bbc:news"/></span>
+ </prov:specializationOf></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Alternate">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.5.2 </span>Alternate</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> Two <span class="dfn">alternate</span> entities present aspects of the same thing. These aspects may be the same or different, and the alternate entities may or may not overlap in time. </span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType <span class="delete">xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="Alternate"></span><span class="insert">name="Alternate"></span>
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">name="alternate1" type="prov:EntityRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="alternate2" type="prov:EntityRef"/></span><span class="insert">name="alternate1" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="alternate2" type="prov:IDRef"/></span>
+ </xs:sequence>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p><span class="delete">Usage</span><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:alternateOf</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to reference a prov:Alternate from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion</span> in <span class="delete">XML:</span><span class="insert">XML Schema:</span></p><span class="delete"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="alternateOf" type="prov:Alternate"/></span><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:alternateOf" schematype="prov:Alternate"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="alternateOf" type="prov:Alternate"/></span>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 28</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:alternateOf</span></div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:bbc="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news"
+ xmlns:bbcmobile="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/mobile"></span><span class="insert">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:bbc="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news"
+ xmlns:bbcmobile="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/mobile"></span>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="bbc:science-environment-17526723"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="bbc:science-environment-17526723"></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:string">a</span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:string">a</span> news item for desktop</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="bbcmobile:science-environment-17526723"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="bbcmobile:science-environment-17526723"></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:string">a</span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:string">a</span> news item for mobile devices</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <b><prov:alternateOf>
+ <prov:alternate1 <span class="delete">prov:ref="bbcmobile:science-environment-17526723"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="bbcmobile:science-environment-17526723"/></span>
+ <prov:alternate2 <span class="delete">prov:ref="bbc:science-environment-17526723"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="bbc:science-environment-17526723"/></span>
+ </prov:alternateOf></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="component6">
+<h3><span class="secno">3.6 </span>Component 6: Collections</h3>
+<p>The sixth component of PROV-DM is concerned with the notion of collections.
+A collection is an entity that has some members. The members are themselves entities, and therefore their provenance can be expressed. Some applications need to be able to express the provenance of the collection itself: e.g. who maintains the collection (attribution), which members it contains as it evolves, and how it was assembled. The purpose of Component 6 is to define the types and relations that are useful to express the provenance of collections. </p>
+
+<section id="term-Collection">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.6.1 </span>Collection</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> A <span class="dfn">collection</span> is an entity that provides a structure to some constituents that must themselves be entities. These constituents are said to be <span class="dfn">member</span> of the collections. </span>
+<p><span class="insert">Type definition in XML Schema:</span></p><pre class="schema-type"><span class="insert"><xs:complexType name="Collection">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Entity">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+</xs:complexType>
+</span></pre>
+<p><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:collection</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to reference a prov:Collection from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion in XML Schema:</span></p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:collection" schematype="prov:Collection"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="collection" type="prov:Collection"/>
+</span></pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 29</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:collection</span></div>
+<span class="delete">To specialize an Entity as a Collection, include a </span><span class="delete">prov:type</span><span class="delete"> with the value "prov:Collection".</span>
+<span class="delete">An EmptyCollection is asserted with the </span><span class="delete">prov:type</span><span class="delete"> "prov:EmptyCollection" and denotes a Collection with no members.</span>
+<pre class="example"><prov:document
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"></span><span class="insert">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"></span>
+
+ <span class="delete"><!-- c0 is an empty collection -->
+ </span><b><span class="delete"><prov:entity prov:id="c0">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">prov:EmptyCollection</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity></span><span class="delete">
+
+ <!-- c1 is a collection, with unknown content -->
+ </span><span class="delete"><prov:entity prov:id="c1">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">prov:Collection</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity></span><span class="insert"><prov:collection prov:id="c1" /></span></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre>
+
+<span class="delete">The modeling of</span></div>
+
+<section id="term-EmptyCollection">
+<h5><span class="secno"><span class="insert">3.6.1.1 </span></span><span class="insert">Empty</span> Collection</h5>
+<span class="glossary-ref"><span class="insert"> An </span><span class="dfn"><span class="insert">empty collection</span></span> is <span class="delete">currently under discussion and is subject to change.</span>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">3.6.2 </span><span class="delete">Membership</span>
+ <span class="delete">Membership</span><span class="delete"> is the belonging of an entity</span><span class="insert">a collection without members.</span> <span class="delete">to a collection. </span></span>
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType <span class="delete">xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="Membership">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="collection" type="prov:EntityRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="entity" type="prov:EntityRef" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence></span><span class="insert">name="EmptyCollection">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Collection">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent></span>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p><span class="delete">Usage</span><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:emptyCollection</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to reference a prov:EmptyCollection from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion</span> in <span class="delete">XML:</span><span class="insert">XML Schema:</span></p><span class="delete"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="hadMember" type="prov:Membership"/></span><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:emptyCollection" schematype="prov:EmptyCollection"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="emptyCollection" type="prov:EmptyCollection"/></span>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 30</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:emptyCollection</span></div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"></span><span class="insert">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:bbc="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news"
+ xmlns:bbcmobile="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/mobile">
+
+ </span><b><span class="insert"><prov:emptyCollection prov:id="c0"/></span></b><span class="insert">
+
+</prov:document></span></pre></div>
+</section>
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Membership">
+<h4><span class="secno"><span class="insert">3.6.2 </span></span><span class="insert">Membership</span></h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> <span class="dfn"><span class="insert">Membership</span></span><span class="insert"> is the belonging of an entity to a collection. </span></span>
+<p><span class="insert">Type definition in XML Schema:</span></p><pre class="schema-type"><span class="insert"><xs:complexType name="Membership">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="collection" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="entity" type="prov:IDRef" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+</xs:complexType>
+</span></pre>
+<p><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:hadMember</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to reference a prov:Membership from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion in XML Schema:</span></p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:hadMember" schematype="prov:Membership"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="hadMember" type="prov:Membership"/>
+</span></pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 31</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:hadMember</span></div><pre class="example"><span class="insert"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"></span>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="e0"/></span><span class="insert">prov:id="e0"/></span>
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="e1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:id="e1"/></span>
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="e2"/></span><span class="insert">prov:id="e2"/></span>
+
+ <span class="delete"><prov:entity prov:id="c">
+ <prov:type xsi:type="xsd:QName">prov:Collection</prov:type>
+ </prov:entity></span><span class="insert"><prov:collection prov:id="c"/></span>
+
+ <b><prov:hadMember>
+ <prov:collection <span class="delete">prov:ref="c"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="c"/></span>
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:ref="e0"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="e0"/></span>
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:ref="e1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="e1"/></span>
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:ref="e2"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="e2"/></span>
+ </prov:hadMember></b>
+
+</prov:document></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="further-elements">
+<h3><span class="secno">3.7 </span>Further Elements of PROV</h3>
+
+<p>This section introduces further elements of PROV.</p>
+
+<section id="attribute-Identifier">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.7.1 </span>Identifier</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"></span>
+<p>The identifier attribute is used to identify instances of PROV types or relations.</p>
+<span class="delete">Usage in XML:</span><pre class="schema-attribute" attribute="prov:id" schematype="xs:QName"><xs:attribute <span class="delete">xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="id" type="xs:QName"/></span><span class="insert">xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="id" type="xs:QName"/></span>
+</pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 32</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:id</span></div><pre class="example"><prov:document
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"</span><span class="insert">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"</span>
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:tr="http://example.com/ns/tr#"></span><span class="insert">xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:tr="http://example.com/ns/tr#"></span>
+
+ <prov:entity <b><span class="delete">prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215"</span><span class="insert">prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215"</span></b>>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:Qname">document</prov:type></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:Qname">document</prov:type></span>
+ <ex:version>2</ex:version>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+</prov:document></pre>
+
+<span class="delete">REVIEW QUESTION:</span>
+<span class="delete">The Identifier type is currently still under discussion. We intend to use an identifier type that makes sense for XML conventions and current XML tooling. The PROV-XML group is currently seeking feedback on recommended type ranges for the id attribute.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="attribute-Reference">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.7.2 </span><span class="insert">Reference</span></h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"></span>
+<p><span class="insert">A reference-by-id to a PROV entity, activity, agent, or relation.</span></p>
+<pre class="schema-attribute" attribute="prov:ref" schematype="xs:QName"><span class="insert"><xs:attribute ref="prov:ref" use="required" />
+</span></pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 33</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:ref</span></div><pre class="example"><span class="insert"><prov:document
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#">
+
+ <prov:entity prov:id="e1"/>
+
+ <prov:activity prov:id="a1"/>
+
+ <prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+ <prov:entity </span><b><span class="insert">prov:ref="e1"</span></b><span class="insert">/>
+ <prov:activity </span><b><span class="insert">prov:ref="a1"</span></b><span class="insert">/>
+ <prov:time>2001-10-26T21:32:52</prov:time>
+ <ex:port>p1</ex:port>
+ </prov:wasGeneratedBy>
+
+</prov:document></span></pre></div>
+</section>
+
+<section id="attributes">
+<h4><span class="secno"><span class="insert">3.7.3 </span></span>Attributes</h4>
+<p>The PROV-DM defined PROV attributes are represented in XML as elements.</p>
+
+<section id="element-Label">
+<h5><span class="secno"><span class="delete">3.7.2.1</span><span class="insert">3.7.3.1</span> </span>Label</h5>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> The attribute <span class="dfn"><span class="name">prov:label</span></span> provides a human-readable representation of an instance of a PROV-DM type or relation. </span>
+<p><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:label</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to represent a PROV attribute and has type prov:InternationalizedString.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion in XML Schema:</span></p><pre class="prov-attribute" element="prov:label" schematype="prov:InternationalizedString"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="label" type="prov:InternationalizedString"/>
+</span></pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 34</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:label</span></div>
+<span class="delete">Usage in XML:</span><span class="delete"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="label" type="prov:InternationalizedString"/>
+</span>
+<pre class="example"><prov:document
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"</span><span class="insert">xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"</span>
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"></span><span class="insert">xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"></span>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="ex:e1"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="ex:e1"></span>
+ <b><prov:label>This is a human-readable label</prov:label></b>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="ex:car01"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="ex:car01"></span>
+ <b><prov:label <span class="delete">xml:lang="fr">Voiture</span><span class="insert">xml:lang="fr">Voiture</span> 01</prov:label>
+ <prov:label <span class="delete">xml:lang="en">Car</span><span class="insert">xml:lang="en">Car</span> 01</prov:label></b>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+</prov:document></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="element-Location">
+<h5><span class="secno"><span class="delete">3.7.2.2</span><span class="insert">3.7.3.2</span> </span>Location</h5>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> A <span class="dfn">location</span> can be an identifiable geographic place (ISO 19112), but it can also be a non-geographic place such as a directory, row, or column. </span>
+<p><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:location</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to represent a PROV attribute and has type xs:anySimpleType.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion in XML Schema:</span></p><pre class="prov-attribute" element="prov:location" schematype="xs:anySimpleType"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="location" type="xs:anySimpleType"/>
+</span></pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 35</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:location</span></div>
+<span class="delete">Usage in XML:</span><span class="delete"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="location" type="xs:anySimpleType"/>
+</span>
+<pre class="example"><prov:document
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"></span><span class="insert">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"></span>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="ex:MonaLisa"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="ex:MonaLisa"></span>
+ <prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">StillImage</prov:type></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">StillImage</prov:type></span>
+ <b><prov:location <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:string">Le</span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:string">Le</span> Louvre, Paris</prov:location></b>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="ex:cell"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="ex:cell"></span>
+ <b><prov:location <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:string">(5,5)</prov:location></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:string">(5,5)</prov:location></span></b>
+ <prov:value <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:integer">10</prov:value></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:integer">10</prov:value></span>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+</prov:document></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="element-Role">
+<h5><span class="secno"><span class="delete">3.7.2.3</span><span class="insert">3.7.3.3</span> </span>Role</h5>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> A <span class="dfn">role</span> is the function of an entity or agent with respect to an activity, in the context of a <a title="Usage" href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">usage</a>, <a title="Generation" href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">generation</a>, <a title="Invalidation" href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">invalidation</a>, <a title="Association" href="#concept-association" class="internalDFN">association</a>, <a title="Start" href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">start</a>, and <a title="End" href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">end</a>. </span>
+<p><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:role</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to represent a PROV attribute and has type xs:anySimpleType.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion in XML Schema:</span></p><pre class="prov-attribute" element="prov:role" schematype="xs:anySimpleType"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="role" type="xs:anySimpleType"/>
+</span></pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 36</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:role</span></div>
+<span class="delete">Usage in XML:</span><span class="delete"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="role" type="xs:anySimpleType"/>
+</span>
+<pre class="example"><prov:document
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"></span><span class="insert">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"></span>
+
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:ref="a"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="a"/></span>
+ <prov:agent <span class="delete">prov:ref="ag1"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="ag1"/></span>
+ <b><prov:role <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">loggedInUser</prov:role></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">loggedInUser</prov:role></span></b>
+ <ex:how>webapp</ex:how>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:ref="a"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="a"/></span>
+ <prov:agent <span class="delete">prov:ref="ag2"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="ag2"/></span>
+ <prov:plan <span class="delete">prov:ref="ex:wf"/></span><span class="insert">prov:ref="ex:wf"/></span>
+ <b><prov:role <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">designer</prov:role></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">designer</prov:role></span></b>
+ <ex:content>project1</ex:content>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+
+</prov:document></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="element-Type">
+<h5><span class="secno"><span class="delete">3.7.2.4</span><span class="insert">3.7.3.4</span> </span>Type</h5>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> The attribute <span class="dfn"><span class="name">prov:type</span></span> provides further typing information for any construct with an optional set of attribute-value pairs. </span>
+<p><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:type</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to represent a PROV attribute and has type xs:anySimpleType.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion in XML Schema:</span></p><pre class="prov-attribute" element="prov:type" schematype="xs:anySimpleType"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="type" type="xs:anySimpleType"/>
+</span></pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 37</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:type</span></div>
+<span class="delete">Usage in XML:</span><span class="delete"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="type" type="xs:anySimpleType"/>
+</span>
+<pre class="example"><prov:document
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:tr="http://example.com/ns/tr#"></span><span class="insert">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:tr="http://example.com/ns/tr#"></span>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215"></span>
+ <b><prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">document</prov:type></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">document</prov:type></span></b>
+ <ex:version>2</ex:version>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <prov:agent <span class="delete">prov:id="e1"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="e1"></span>
+ <b><prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">prov:Person</prov:type></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">prov:Person</prov:type></span></b>
+ <ex:name>Alice</ex:name>
+ <ex:employee>1234</ex:employee>
+ </prov:agent>
+
+ <prov:activity <span class="delete">prov:id="a1"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="a1"></span>
+ <prov:startTime>2011-11-16T16:05:00</prov:startTime>
+ <prov:endTime>2011-11-16T16:06:00</prov:endTime>
+ <b><prov:type <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:QName">ex:edit</prov:type></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:QName">ex:edit</prov:type></span></b>
+ <ex:host>server.example.org</ex:host>
+ </prov:activity>
+
+</prov:document></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="element-Value">
+<h5><span class="secno"><span class="delete">3.7.2.5</span><span class="insert">3.7.3.5</span> </span>Value</h5>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> The attribute <span class="dfn"><span class="name">prov:value</span></span> provides a value that is a direct representation of an entity as a PROV-DM <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a>. </span>
+<p><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:value</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to represent a PROV attribute and has type xs:anySimpleType.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion in XML Schema:</span></p><pre class="prov-attribute" element="prov:value" schematype="xs:anySimpleType"><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="value" type="xs:anySimpleType"/>
+</span></pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 38</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:value</span></div>
+<span class="delete">Usage in XML:</span><span class="delete"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="value" type="xs:anySimpleType"/>
+</span>
+<pre class="example"><prov:document
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"></span><span class="insert">xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"></span>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="ex:in"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="ex:in"></span>
+ <b><prov:value <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:string">abcd</prov:value></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:string">abcd</prov:value></span></b>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+ <prov:entity <span class="delete">prov:id="ex:out"></span><span class="insert">prov:id="ex:out"></span>
+ <b><prov:value <span class="delete">xsi:type="xsd:integer">4</prov:value></span><span class="insert">xsi:type="xsd:integer">4</prov:value></span></b>
+ </prov:entity>
+
+</prov:document></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="type-value">
+<h4><span class="secno"><span class="delete">3.7.3</span><span class="insert">3.7.4</span> </span>Value</h4>
+<span class="glossary-ref"> A <span class="dfn">value</span> is a constant such as a string, number, time, qualified name, IRI, and encoded binary data, whose interpretation is outside the scope of PROV. </span>
+<p>Relations defined by the PROV-DM to have type Value have type <code>xs:anySimpleType</code> in PROV-XML unless otherwise specified.</p>
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="structural-elements">
+<h3><span class="secno"><span class="insert">3.8 </span></span><span class="insert">Structural Elements of PROV-XML</span></h3>
+
+<section id="term-Document">
+<h4><span class="secno"><span class="insert">3.8.1 </span></span><span class="insert">Document</span></h4>
+<p><span class="insert">The root element of all PROV-XML documents is </span><code><span class="insert">prov:document</span></code><span class="insert"> which has type </span><code><span class="insert">prov:Document</span></code><span class="insert">.</span></p>
+<p><span class="insert">Similar to a </span><code><span class="insert">prov:BundleConstructor</span></code><span class="insert">, the </span><code><span class="insert">prov:Document</span></code><span class="insert"> complexType is used to define a set of provenance statements.</span></p>
+<p><span class="insert">Unlike the </span><code><span class="insert">prov:BundleConstructor</span></code><span class="insert">, a </span><code><span class="insert">prov:Document</span></code>
+</p><ul>
+<li><span class="insert">may contain </span><code><span class="insert">prov:bundle</span></code><span class="insert"> elements (but not other </span><code><span class="insert">prov:document</span></code><span class="insert"> elements)</span></li>
+<li><span class="insert">does not support the prov:id attribute.</span></li>
+</ul>
+<p></p>
+<p><span class="insert">Type definition in XML Schema:</span></p><pre class="schema-type"><span class="insert"><xs:complexType name="Document">
+ <xs:sequence maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:group ref="prov:documentElements" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="bundleContent" type="prov:BundleConstructor" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" />
+ </xs:sequence>
+</xs:complexType>
+</span></pre>
+
+<p><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:document</span></code><span class="insert"> may only be used as the root element of a a PROV-XML document.</span></p>
+<p><span class="insert">The element </span><code><span class="insert">prov:document</span></code><span class="insert"> is used to reference a prov:Document from within a prov:Document or prov:BundleConstructor.</span></p><p><span class="insert">Element defintion in XML Schema:</span></p><pre class="schema-element" element="prov:document" schematype="prov:Document" ignore=""><span class="insert"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="document" type="prov:Document"/>
+</span></pre>
+<div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span><span class="insert">Example 39</span></span><span class="insert">: prov:document</span></div>
+
+
+
+<pre class="example"><b><span class="insert"><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"></span></b><span class="insert">
+
+ <!-- prov statements go here -->
+
+</span><b><span class="insert"></prov:document></span></b></pre></div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="media-type">
+<h2><span class="secno">4. </span>Media Type</h2>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt><span class="insert">Contact:</span></dt>
+ <dd><span class="insert">Ivan Herman</span></dd>
+ <dt><span class="insert">See also:</span></dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/2002/06/registering-mediatype"><span class="insert">How to Register a Media Type for a </span><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium"><span class="insert">W3C</span></abbr><span class="insert"> Specification</span></a></dd>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/tag/2002/0129-mime"><span class="insert">Internet Media Type registration, consistency of use</span></a><br><span class="insert">TAG Finding 3 June 2002 (Revised 4 September 2002)</span></dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>
+The <span class="delete">internet media</span><span class="insert">Internet Media Type / MIME</span> type <span class="delete">/ MIME type </span>for PROV-XML is <span class="delete">"</span><span class="insert">"</span><code style="color: black">application/provenance+xml</code><span class="delete">".
+</span><span class="insert">".</span></p>
+
+
+<p><span class="delete">MIME type may not be registered yet.</span>
+
+
+
+It is recommended that PROV-XML files have the extension <span class="delete">"</span><span class="insert">"</span><code style="color: black">.provx</code><span class="delete">"</span><span class="insert">"</span> (all lowercase) on all platforms.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+It is recommended that PROV-XML files stored on <span class="delete">Machintosh</span><span class="insert">Macintosh</span> HFS file systems be given a file type of <span class="delete">"</span><code style="color: black"><span class="delete">provx</span><span class="insert">TEXT</span></code><span class="delete">" (all lowercase).
+</span><span class="insert">.</span></p>
+
+
+<p><span class="delete">REVIEW QUESTION:</span><span class="insert">The information that follows has been submitted to the IESG for review, approval, and registration with IANA.</span></p>
+<span class="delete">
+Can Machintosh</span>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt><span class="insert">Type name:</span></dt>
+ <dd><span class="insert">application</span></dd>
+ <dt><span class="insert">Subtype name:</span></dt>
+ <dd><span class="insert">provenance+xml</span></dd>
+ <dt><span class="insert">Required parameters:</span></dt>
+ <dd><span class="insert">none</span></dd>
+ <dt><span class="insert">Optional parameters:</span></dt>
+ <dd><span class="insert">Same as charset parameter of application/xml as specified in RFC3023 (Section 3.2).</span></dd>
+ <dt><span class="insert">Encoding considerations:</span></dt>
+ <dd><span class="insert">Same as encoding considerations of application/xml as specified in RFC 3023 (Section 3.2).</span></dd>
+ <dt><span class="insert">Security considerations:</span></dt>
+ <dd><span class="insert">PROV-XML is an XML language for describing the provenance of things; applications may evaluate given data to dereference URIs, invoking the security considerations of the scheme for that URI. Note in particular, the privacy issues in [</span><cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3023"><span class="insert">RFC3023</span></a></cite><span class="insert">] section 10 for HTTP URIs. Data obtained from an inaccurate or malicious data source may lead to inaccurate or misleading conclusions, as well as the dereferencing of unintended URIs. Care must be taken to align the trust in consulted resources with the sensitivity of the intended use of the data.</span></dd>
+ <dd><span class="insert">PROV-XML can express data which is presented to the user, for example, by means of label attributes. Application rendering strings retrieved from untrusted PROV-N documents must ensure that malignant strings may not be used to mislead the reader. The security considerations in the media type registration for XML ([</span><cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3023"><span class="insert">RFC3023</span></a></cite><span class="insert">] section 10) provide additional guidance around the expression of arbitrary data and markup.</span></dd>
+ <dd><span class="insert">PROV-XML is a language for describing the provenance of things, and therefore a PROV-XML document is metadata for other resources. Untrusted PROV-XML documents may mislead its consumers by indicating that a third-party resource has a reputable lineage, when it has not. Provenance of PROV-XML document should be sought. </span></dd>
+ <dd><span class="insert">PROV-XML uses QNames mappable to IRIs as term identifiers. Applications interpreting data expressed in PROV-XML should address the security issues of
+ </span><a class="norm" href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><span class="insert">Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs)</span></a><span class="insert"> [</span><cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3987"><span class="insert">RFC3987</span></a></cite><span class="insert">] Section 8, as well as
+ </span><a class="norm" href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"><span class="insert">Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax</span></a><span class="insert"> [</span><cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3986"><span class="insert">RFC3986</span></a></cite><span class="insert">] Section 7.</span></dd>
+ <dd><span class="insert">Multiple IRIs may have the same appearance. Characters in different scripts may look similar (a Cyrillic "о" may appear similar to a Latin "o"). A character followed by combining characters may have the same visual representation as another character (LATIN SMALL LETTER E followed by COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT has the same visual representation as LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE). Any person or application that is writing or interpreting data in PROV-N must take care to use the IRI that matches the intended semantics, and avoid IRIs that make look similar. Further information about matching of similar characters can be found in </span><a class="inform" href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/"><span class="insert">Unicode Security Considerations</span></a><span class="insert"> [</span><cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-UNISEC"><span class="insert">UNISEC</span></a></cite><span class="insert">] and </span><a class="norm" href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><span class="insert">Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs)</span></a><span class="insert"> [</span><cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3987"><span class="insert">RFC3987</span></a></cite><span class="insert">] Section 8.</span></dd>
+ <dt><span class="insert">Interoperability considerations:</span></dt>
+ <dd><span class="insert">There are no known interoperability issues.</span></dd>
+ <dt><span class="insert">Published specification:</span></dt>
+ <dd><span class="insert">PROV-XML: The PROV XML Schema, Hua, Tilmes, Zednik (eds), Moreau </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-xml/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-xml/</span></a><span class="insert">, 2013.</span></dd>
+ <dt><span class="insert">Applications which use this media type:</span></dt>
+ <dd><span class="insert">It may be used by any application for publishing provenance information. This format is designed to be an XML form of provenance.</span></dd>
+ <dt><span class="insert">Fragment identifier considerations:</span></dt>
+ <dd><span class="insert">N/A</span></dd>
+ <dt><span class="insert">Additional Information:</span></dt>
+ <span style="text-indent:2em;">
+ <dt><span class="insert">Magic number(s):</span></dt>
+ <dd><span class="insert">PROV-XML documents are XML documents and thus may have initial strings similar to any XML document.</span></dd>
+ <dt><span class="insert">File extension(s):</span></dt>
+ <dd><span class="insert">.provx</span></dd>
+ <dt><span class="insert">Macintosh</span> file <span class="delete">types</span><span class="insert">type code(s):</span></dt>
+ <dd><span class="insert">"TEXT"</span></dd>
+ </span>
+ <dt><span class="insert">Person & email address to contact for further information:</span></dt>
+ <dd><span class="insert">Ivan Herman, ivan@w3.org</span></dd>
+ <dt><span class="insert">Intended usage:</span></dt>
+ <dd><span class="insert">COMMON</span></dd>
+ <dt><span class="insert">Restrictions on usage:</span></dt>
+ <dd><span class="insert">none</span></dd>
+ <dt><span class="insert">Author:</span></dt>
+ <dd><span class="insert">The PROV-XML specification is the product of the World Wide Web Consortium's Provenance Working Group.</span></dd>
+ <dt><span class="insert">Change controller:</span></dt>
+ <dd><span class="insert">The </span><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium"><span class="insert">W3C</span></abbr><span class="insert">, and the </span><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium"><span class="insert">W3C</span></abbr><span class="insert"> Provenance Working Group,</span> have <span class="delete">5 characters?
+</span>
+<span class="insert">change control over this specification.</span></dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<section class="appendix" id="prov-xml-schema">
+<h2><span class="secno">A. </span><span class="delete">Full </span>XML Schema</h2>
+
+
+<section id="prov-schema">
+<h3><span class="secno"><span class="insert">A.1 </span></span><span class="insert">prov.xsd</span></h3>
+<pre class="prov-schema"><?xml <span class="delete">version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?></span><span class="insert">version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ elementFormDefault="qualified"
+ attributeFormDefault="unqualified">
+
+ <xs:include schemaLocation="prov-core.xsd"/>
+ <xs:include schemaLocation="extensions/prov-dictionary.xsd"/>
+ <xs:include schemaLocation="extensions/prov-links.xsd"/></span>
+
+<span class="insert"></xs:schema>
+</span></pre>
+</section>
+
+<section id="prov-core-schema">
+<h3><span class="secno"><span class="insert">A.2 </span></span><span class="insert">prov-core.xsd</span></h3>
+<pre class="prov-core-schema"><span class="insert"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+</span><xs:schema <span class="delete">targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"</span><span class="insert">targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"</span>
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"</span><span class="insert">xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"</span>
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"</span><span class="insert">xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"</span>
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:cu="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/datatypes/"</span><span class="insert">xmlns:cu="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/datatypes/"</span>
+ <span class="delete">xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"</span><span class="insert">xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"</span>
+ <span class="delete">elementFormDefault="qualified"</span><span class="insert">elementFormDefault="qualified"</span>
+ <span class="delete">attributeFormDefault="unqualified"></span><span class="insert">attributeFormDefault="unqualified"></span>
+
+
+
+ <xs:import <span class="delete">namespace="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/datatypes/"</span><span class="insert">namespace="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/datatypes/"</span> />
+ <xs:import <span class="delete">namespace="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"</span><span class="insert">namespace="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"</span>
+ <span class="delete">schemaLocation="http://www.w3.org/2001/xml.xsd"/></span><span class="insert">schemaLocation="http://www.w3.org/2001/xml.xsd"/></span>
+
+ <!-- Component 1<span class="insert"> -->
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Entity">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:value" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Activity">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="startTime" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="endTime" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Generation">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="entity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Usage">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="entity" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Communication">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="informed" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="informant" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Start">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="trigger" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="starter" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="End">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="trigger" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="ender" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Invalidation">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="entity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <!-- Component 2 -->
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Derivation">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="generatedEntity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="usedEntity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="generation" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="usage" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Revision">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Derivation">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Quotation">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Derivation">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="PrimarySource">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Derivation">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <!-- Component 3 -->
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Agent">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Person">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Agent">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Organization">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Agent">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="SoftwareAgent">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Agent">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Attribution">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="entity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="agent" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Association">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="agent" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="plan" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Delegation">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="delegate" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="responsible" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:IDRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Influence">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="influencee" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="influencer" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <!-- prov attributes -->
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <!-- Component 4 -->
+
+ <!-- Is there a way to have this still extend prov:Entity?</span> -->
+
+ <xs:complexType <span class="delete">name="Entity"></span><span class="insert">name="Bundle">
+ <xs:complexContent>
+ <xs:extension base="prov:Entity">
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="BundleConstructor">
+ <xs:sequence maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:group ref="prov:documentElements"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <!-- Component 5 -->
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Specialization"></span>
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <span class="delete"><xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:value"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other"/></span><span class="insert"><xs:element name="specificEntity" type="prov:IDRef"/></span>
+ <span class="delete"></xs:choice></span><span class="insert"><xs:element name="generalEntity" type="prov:IDRef"/></span>
+ </xs:sequence><span class="delete">
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Activity">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="startTime" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="endTime" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other"/>
+ </xs:choice>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/></span>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType <span class="delete">name="Generation"></span><span class="insert">name="Alternate"></span>
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">name="entity" type="prov:EntityRef"/></span><span class="insert">name="alternate1" type="prov:IDRef"/></span>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">name="activity" type="prov:ActivityRef" minOccurs="0"/></span><span class="insert">name="alternate2" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <!-- Component 6 -->
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Collection">
+ <xs:complexContent></span>
+ <span class="delete"><xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/></span><span class="insert"><xs:extension base="prov:Entity"></span>
+ <span class="delete"><xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other"/>
+ </xs:choice>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/></span><span class="insert"></xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent></span>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType <span class="delete">name="Usage">
+ <xs:sequence></span><span class="insert">name="EmptyCollection">
+ <xs:complexContent></span>
+ <span class="delete"><xs:element name="activity" type="prov:ActivityRef"/></span><span class="insert"><xs:extension base="prov:Collection"></span>
+ <span class="delete"><xs:element name="entity" type="prov:EntityRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other"/>
+ </xs:choice>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/></span><span class="insert"></xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent></span>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType <span class="delete">name="Communication"></span><span class="insert">name="Membership"></span>
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">name="informed" type="prov:ActivityRef"/></span><span class="insert">name="collection" type="prov:IDRef"/></span>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">name="informant" type="prov:ActivityRef"/>
+ <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other"/>
+ </xs:choice></span><span class="insert">name="entity" type="prov:IDRef" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ </xs:sequence><span class="delete">
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/></span>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType <span class="delete">name="Start">
+ <xs:sequence></span><span class="insert">name="Plan">
+ <xs:complexContent></span>
+ <span class="delete"><xs:element name="activity" type="prov:ActivityRef"/></span><span class="insert"><xs:extension base="prov:Entity"></span>
+ <span class="delete"><xs:element name="trigger" type="prov:EntityRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="starter" type="prov:ActivityRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other"/>
+ </xs:choice>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/></span><span class="insert"></xs:extension>
+ </xs:complexContent></span>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType <span class="delete">name="End">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:ActivityRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="trigger" type="prov:EntityRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="ender" type="prov:ActivityRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other"/>
+ </xs:choice>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Invalidation">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="entity" type="prov:EntityRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:ActivityRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="time" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other"/>
+ </xs:choice>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <!-- Component 2 -->
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Derivation">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="generatedEntity" type="prov:EntityRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="usedEntity" type="prov:EntityRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:ActivityRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="generation" type="prov:GenerationRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="usage" type="prov:UsageRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other"/>
+ </xs:choice>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <!-- Component 3 -->
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Agent">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:element ref="prov:location"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other"/>
+ </xs:choice>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Attribution">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="entity" type="prov:EntityRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="agent" type="prov:AgentRef"/>
+ <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other"/>
+ </xs:choice>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Association">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:ActivityRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="agent" type="prov:AgentRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="plan" type="prov:EntityRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:element ref="prov:role"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other"/>
+ </xs:choice>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Delegation">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="delegate" type="prov:AgentRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="responsible" type="prov:AgentRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="activity" type="prov:ActivityRef" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other"/>
+ </xs:choice>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Influence">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="influencee" type="prov:AnyRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="influencer" type="prov:AnyRef"/>
+ <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:element ref="prov:label"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:type"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other"/>
+ </xs:choice>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <!-- Component 4 -->
+
+ <!-- Component 5 -->
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Specialization">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="specificEntity" type="prov:EntityRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="generalEntity" type="prov:EntityRef"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Alternate">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="alternate1" type="prov:EntityRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="alternate2" type="prov:EntityRef"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <!-- Component 6 -->
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Membership">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="collection" type="prov:EntityRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="entity" type="prov:EntityRef" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="InternationalizedString"></span><span class="insert">name="InternationalizedString"></span>
+ <xs:simpleContent>
+ <xs:extension <span class="delete">base="xs:string"></span><span class="insert">base="xs:string"></span>
+ <xs:attribute <span class="delete">ref="xml:lang" use="optional"/></span><span class="insert">ref="xml:lang" use="optional"/></span>
+ </xs:extension>
+ </xs:simpleContent>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+
+ <!--
+
+ Typed literals are encoded by means
+
+ of xsi:type that represent the prov:datatype.
+
+
+ --><span class="delete">
+
+ <xs:element name="label" type="prov:InternationalizedString"/>
+ <xs:element name="role" type="xs:anySimpleType"/>
+ <xs:element name="type" type="xs:anySimpleType"/>
+ <xs:element name="location" type="xs:anySimpleType"/>
+ <xs:element name="value" type="xs:anySimpleType"/>
+
+ <!-- See comment in preamble.
+ These should be prov:QualifiedName
+ but instead are xsd:QName for tools to process them --></span><span class="insert">
+
+ <xs:element name="label" type="prov:InternationalizedString"/>
+ <xs:element name="role" type="xs:anySimpleType"/>
+ <xs:element name="type" type="xs:anySimpleType"/>
+ <xs:element name="location" type="xs:anySimpleType"/>
+ <xs:element name="value" type="xs:anySimpleType"/></span>
+
+ <xs:attribute <span class="delete">name="id" type="xs:QName"/></span><span class="insert">name="id" type="xs:QName"/></span>
+ <xs:attribute <span class="delete">name="ref" type="xs:QName"/></span><span class="insert">name="ref" type="xs:QName"/></span>
+
+ <xs:complexType <span class="delete">name="ActivityRef"></span><span class="insert">name="IDRef"></span>
+ <xs:attribute <span class="delete">ref="prov:ref" use="required"</span><span class="insert">ref="prov:ref" use="required"</span> /><span class="delete">
+ </xs:complexType>
+ <xs:complexType name="EntityRef">
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:ref" use="required"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+ <xs:complexType name="AgentRef">
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:ref" use="required"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+ <xs:complexType name="UsageRef">
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:ref" use="required"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+ <xs:complexType name="GenerationRef">
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:ref" use="required"/>
+ </xs:complexType>
+ <xs:complexType name="AnyRef">
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:ref" use="required"/></span>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <!--
+ top-level definition of elements following the salami slice XSD design pattern
+ to encourage integration within existing non-prov XML documents.
+ -->
+
+ <!-- Component 1 elements -->
+
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">name="entity"</span><span class="insert">name="entity"</span> <span class="delete">type="prov:Entity"/>
+ <xs:element name="activity"</span><span class="insert">type="prov:Entity"/>
+ <xs:element name="activity"</span> <span class="delete">type="prov:Activity"/>
+ <xs:element name="wasGeneratedBy"</span><span class="insert">type="prov:Activity"/>
+ <xs:element name="wasGeneratedBy"</span> <span class="delete">type="prov:Generation"/>
+ <xs:element name="used"</span><span class="insert">type="prov:Generation"/>
+ <xs:element name="used"</span> <span class="delete">type="prov:Usage"/>
+ <xs:element name="wasInformedBy"</span><span class="insert">type="prov:Usage"/>
+ <xs:element name="wasInformedBy"</span> <span class="delete">type="prov:Communication"/>
+ <xs:element name="wasStartedBy"</span><span class="insert">type="prov:Communication"/>
+ <xs:element name="wasStartedBy"</span> <span class="delete">type="prov:Start"/>
+ <xs:element name="wasEndedBy"</span><span class="insert">type="prov:Start"/>
+ <xs:element name="wasEndedBy"</span> <span class="delete">type="prov:End"/>
+ <xs:element name="wasInvalidatedBy"</span><span class="insert">type="prov:End"/>
+ <xs:element name="wasInvalidatedBy"</span> <span class="delete">type="prov:Invalidation"/></span><span class="insert">type="prov:Invalidation"/></span>
+
+ <!-- Component 2 elements -->
+
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">name="wasDerivedFrom"</span><span class="insert">name="wasDerivedFrom"</span> <span class="delete">type="prov:Derivation"/></span><span class="insert">type="prov:Derivation"/>
+ <xs:element name="wasRevisionOf" type="prov:Revision"/>
+ <xs:element name="wasQuotedFrom" type="prov:Quotation"/>
+ <xs:element name="hadPrimarySource" type="prov:PrimarySource"/></span>
+
+ <!-- Component 3 elements -->
+
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">name="agent"</span><span class="insert">name="agent"</span> <span class="delete">type="prov:Agent"/>
+ <xs:element name="wasAttributedTo"</span><span class="insert">type="prov:Agent"/>
+ <xs:element name="person" type="prov:Person"/>
+ <xs:element name="organization" type="prov:Organization"/>
+ <xs:element name="softwareAgent" type="prov:SoftwareAgent"/>
+ <xs:element name="wasAttributedTo"</span> <span class="delete">type="prov:Attribution"/>
+ <xs:element name="wasAssociatedWith"</span><span class="insert">type="prov:Attribution"/>
+ <xs:element name="wasAssociatedWith"</span> <span class="delete">type="prov:Association"/>
+ <xs:element name="actedOnBehalfOf"</span><span class="insert">type="prov:Association"/>
+ <xs:element name="actedOnBehalfOf"</span> <span class="delete">type="prov:Delegation"/>
+ <xs:element name="wasInfluencedBy"</span><span class="insert">type="prov:Delegation"/>
+ <xs:element name="wasInfluencedBy"</span> <span class="delete">type="prov:Influence"/></span><span class="insert">type="prov:Influence"/>
+
+ <!-- Component 5 elements -->
+
+ <xs:element name="bundle" type="prov:Bundle"/>
+ <xs:element name="specializationOf" type="prov:Specialization"/>
+ <xs:element name="alternateOf" type="prov:Alternate"/></span>
+
+ <!-- Component <span class="delete">5</span><span class="insert">6</span> elements -->
+
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">name="specializationOf" type="prov:Specialization"/>
+ <xs:element name="alternateOf" type="prov:Alternate"/></span><span class="insert">name="hadMember" type="prov:Membership"/>
+ <xs:element name="collection" type="prov:Collection"/>
+ <xs:element name="emptyCollection" type="prov:EmptyCollection"/></span>
+
+ <!-- Component <span class="delete">6</span><span class="insert">7</span> elements -->
+
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">name="hadMember" type="prov:Membership"/></span><span class="insert">name="plan" type="prov:Plan"/>
+
+ <!-- document elements --></span>
+
+ <xs:group <span class="delete">name="documentElements"></span><span class="insert">name="documentElements"></span>
+ <xs:sequence><span class="delete">
+ <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"></span>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">ref="prov:entity"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:entity" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">ref="prov:activity"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:activity" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">ref="prov:wasGeneratedBy"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:wasGeneratedBy" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">ref="prov:used"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:used" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">ref="prov:wasInformedBy"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:wasInformedBy" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">ref="prov:wasStartedBy"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:wasStartedBy" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">ref="prov:wasEndedBy"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:wasEndedBy" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">ref="prov:wasInvalidatedBy"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:wasInvalidatedBy" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">ref="prov:wasDerivedFrom"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:wasDerivedFrom" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">ref="prov:agent"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:wasRevisionOf" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">ref="prov:wasAttributedTo"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:wasQuotedFrom" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">ref="prov:wasAssociatedWith"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:hadPrimarySource" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">ref="prov:actedOnBehalfOf"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:agent" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">ref="prov:wasInfluencedBy"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:person" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">ref="prov:specializationOf"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:organization" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">ref="prov:alternateOf"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:softwareAgent" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></span>
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">ref="prov:hadMember"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other"/>
+ </xs:choice></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:wasAttributedTo" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:wasAssociatedWith" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:actedOnBehalfOf" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:wasInfluencedBy" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:bundle" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:specializationOf" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:alternateOf" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:collection" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:emptyCollection" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:hadMember" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:plan" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+ <xs:element ref="prov:internalElement" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /></span>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ </xs:group>
+
+ <xs:element <span class="delete">name="document" type="prov:Document"</span><span class="insert">name="document" type="prov:Document"</span> />
+ <xs:complexType <span class="delete">name="Document">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xs:group ref="prov:documentElements"/>
+ <xs:element name="bundle" type="prov:Bundle"/>
+ </xs:choice>
+ </xs:sequence>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Bundle">
+ <xs:sequence></span><span class="insert">name="Document">
+ <xs:sequence maxOccurs="unbounded"></span>
+ <xs:group <span class="delete">ref="prov:documentElements"/></span><span class="insert">ref="prov:documentElements" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:element name="bundleContent" type="prov:BundleConstructor" minOccurs="0"/>
+ <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" /></span>
+ </xs:sequence><span class="delete">
+ <xs:attribute ref="prov:id"/></span>
+ </xs:complexType><span class="insert">
+
+
+ <!-- abstract element used by extensions -->
+
+ <xs:element name="internalElement" abstract="true" /></span>
+
+</xs:schema>
+</pre>
+</section>
+
+<section id="extension-schemas">
+<h3><span class="secno"><span class="insert">A.3 </span></span><span class="insert">Extension Schemas</span></h3>
+<p><span class="insert">Extension schemas are schemas in the PROV Namespace that define additional PROV elements not from the PROV-DM. Workgroup Notes provide extension schemas to define their Note-introduced PROV elements. Extension schemas must import (using </span><code><span class="insert">xs:include</span></code><span class="insert">) the </span><b><span class="insert">prov-core.xsd</span></b><span class="insert"> schema and make use of a substitution group on the </span><code><span class="insert">prov:internalElement</span></code><span class="insert"> to add extension defined elements to the list of valid PROV elements in a bundle or document.</span></p>
+<p><span class="insert">Here is an example from the </span><b><span class="insert">prov-links.xsd</span></b><span class="insert"> extension schema.</span></p>
+<pre title="prov-links.xsd"><span class="insert"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#" xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ elementFormDefault="qualified">
+
+ <xs:include schemaLocation="../prov-core.xsd" />
+
+ <xs:complexType name="Mention"></span>
+ <span class="insert"><xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="specificEntity" type="prov:IDRef" />
+ <xs:element name="generalEntity" type="prov:IDRef" />
+ <xs:element name="bundle" type="prov:IDRef" />
+ </xs:sequence>
+ </xs:complexType>
+
+ <xs:element name="mentionOf" type="prov:Mention" substitutionGroup="prov:internalElement" />
+
+</xs:schema>
+</span></pre>
+
+</section>
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+<section class="appendix" id="changelog">
+<h2><span class="secno">B. </span><span class="insert">Change Log</span></h2>
+
+<section id="changelog-last">
+<h3><span class="secno"><span class="insert">B.1 </span></span><span class="insert">Changes since last version</span></h3>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="insert">Added Change Log section</span></li>
+<li><span class="insert"> Changed the status of this document section: added new documents to the PROV Family of Document, and removed the how to read section, referring instead to PROV-OVERVIEW.</span></li>
+<li><span class="insert">Changed all URLs to PROV documents.</span></li>
+<li><span class="insert">Removed Review notes.</span></li>
+<li><span class="insert">Updated table 1 with XML Schema Referencing Element column.</span></li>
+<li><span class="insert">Added Type Conventions and Schema Modularization sections to XML Schema Design section.</span></li>
+<li><span class="insert">Updated Bundle section to reflect changes in schema design.</span></li>
+<li><span class="insert">Updated inline schema and schema examples to reflect updates to schema design.</span></li>
+<li><span class="insert">Updated text that appears before schema snippets and examples in PROV XML Schema subsections.</span></li>
+<li><span class="insert">Added extension schema example to appendix.</span></li>
+<li><span class="insert">Removed Macintosh HFS file type paragraph from Media Type section.</span></li>
+<li><span class="insert">Made all references informative instead of normative since PROV-XML is a note.</span></li>
+</ul>
+</section>
+</section>
+
+<section class="appendix" id="acknowledgements">
+<h2><span class="secno"><span class="insert">C.</span> </span>Acknowledgements</h2>
+
+This document has been produced by the PROV Working Group, and its
+contents reflect extensive discussion within the Working Group as a
+whole. The editors extend special thanks to Luc Moreau (University of
+Southampton), Paul Groth (Vrije Universiteit) and James Cheney
+(University of Edinburgh) for their thorough reviews.
+
+
+
+<p>
+Members of the PROV Working Group at the time of publication of this document were:
+
+Ilkay Altintas (Invited expert),
+Reza B'Far (Oracle Corporation),
+Khalid Belhajjame (University of Manchester),
+James Cheney (University of Edinburgh, School of Informatics),
+Sam Coppens (IBBT),
+David Corsar (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science),
+Stephen Cresswell (The National Archives),
+Tom De Nies (IBBT),
+Helena Deus (DERI Galway at the National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland),
+Simon Dobson (Invited expert),
+Martin Doerr (Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas(FORTH)),
+Kai Eckert (Invited expert),
+Jean-Pierre EVAIN (European Broadcasting Union, EBU-UER),
+James Frew (Invited expert),
+Irini Fundulaki (Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas(FORTH)),
+Daniel Garijo (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid),
+Yolanda Gil (Invited expert),
+Ryan Golden (Oracle Corporation),
+Paul Groth (Vrije Universiteit),
+Olaf Hartig (Invited expert),
+David Hau (National Cancer Institute, NCI),
+Sandro Hawke (<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>/<abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr>),
+Jörn Hees (German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) Gmbh),
+Ivan Herman, (<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>/<abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr>),
+Ralph Hodgson (TopQuadrant),
+Hook Hua (Invited expert),
+Trung Dong Huynh (University of Southampton),
+Graham Klyne (University of Oxford),
+Michael Lang (Revelytix, Inc.),
+Timothy Lebo (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+James McCusker (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Deborah McGuinness (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Simon Miles (Invited expert),
+Paolo Missier (School of Computing Science, Newcastle university),
+Luc Moreau (University of Southampton),
+James Myers (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Vinh Nguyen (Wright State University),
+Edoardo Pignotti (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science),
+Paulo da Silva Pinheiro (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Carl Reed (Open Geospatial Consortium),
+Adam Retter (Invited Expert),
+Christine Runnegar (Invited expert),
+Satya Sahoo (Invited expert),
+David Schaengold (Revelytix, Inc.),
+Daniel Schutzer (FSTC, Financial Services Technology Consortium),
+Yogesh Simmhan (Invited expert),
+Stian Soiland-Reyes (University of Manchester),
+Eric Stephan (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory),
+Linda Stewart (The National Archives),
+Ed Summers (Library of Congress),
+Maria Theodoridou (Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas(FORTH)),
+Ted Thibodeau (OpenLink Software Inc.),
+Curt Tilmes (National Aeronautics and Space Administration),
+Craig Trim (IBM Corporation),
+Stephan Zednik (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Jun Zhao (University of Oxford),
+Yuting Zhao (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science).
+
+</p>
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="references" class="appendix"><h2><span class="secno"><span class="delete">C.</span><span class="insert">D.</span> </span>References</h2><section id="informative-references"><h3><span class="secno"><span class="delete">C.1 </span><span class="delete">Normative references</span><span class="delete">[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]</span><span class="delete">James Cheney; Paolo Missier; Luc Moreau; eds. </span><span class="delete">Constraints of the PROV Data Model</span><span class="delete">. 11 December 2012, W3C Candidate Recommendation. URL: </span><span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/</span>
+<span class="delete">[PROV-N]</span><span class="delete">Luc Moreau; Paolo Missier; eds. </span><span class="delete">PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</span><span class="delete">. 11 December 2012, W3C Candidate Recommendation. URL: </span><span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/</span>
+<span class="delete">[PROV-O]</span><span class="delete">Timothy Lebo; Satya Sahoo; Deborah McGuinness; eds. </span><span class="delete">PROV-O: The PROV Ontology</span><span class="delete">. 11 December 2012, W3C Candidate Recommendation. URL: </span><span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/</span>
+<span class="delete">[RFC2119]</span><span class="delete">S. Bradner. </span><span class="delete">Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.</span><span class="delete"> March 1997. Internet RFC 2119. URL: </span><span class="delete">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</span>
+<span class="delete">C.2</span><span class="insert">D.1</span> </span>Informative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-Mappings">[Mappings]</dt><dd>Satya Sahoo and Paul Groth and Olaf Hartig and Simon Miles and Sam Coppens and James Myers and Yolanda Gil and Luc Moreau and Jun Zhao and Michael Panzer and Daniel Garijo <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/prov/wiki/Provenance_Vocabulary_Mappings"><cite>Provenance Vocabulary Mappings</cite></a>. August 2010 URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/prov/wiki/Provenance_Vocabulary_Mappings">http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/prov/wiki/Provenance_Vocabulary_Mappings</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-AQ">[PROV-AQ]</dt><dd>Graham Klyne; Paul Groth; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-aq-20130312/"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. <span class="delete">19 June 2012,</span><span class="insert">12 March 2013,</span> Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-aq-20130312/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-aq-20130312/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS"><span class="insert">[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]</span></dt><dd><span class="insert">James Cheney; Paolo Missier; Luc Moreau; eds. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-constraints-20130312/"><cite><span class="insert">Constraints of the PROV Data Model</span></cite></a><span class="insert">. 12 March 2013, W3C Proposed Recommendation. URL: </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-constraints-20130312/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-constraints-20130312/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-DC"><span class="insert">[PROV-DC]</span></dt><dd><span class="insert">Daniel Garijo; Kai Eckert; eds. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dc-20130312/"><cite><span class="insert">Dublin Core to PROV Mapping</span></cite></a><span class="insert">. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dc-20130312/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dc-20130312/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-DICTIONARY"><span class="insert">[PROV-DICTIONARY]</span></dt><dd><span class="insert">Tom De Nies; Sam Coppens; eds. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dictionary-20130312/"><cite><span class="insert">PROV Dictionary</span></cite></a><span class="insert">. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dictionary-20130312/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dictionary-20130312/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-DM">[PROV-DM]</dt><dd>Luc Moreau; Paolo Missier; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/"><cite>PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</cite></a>. <span class="delete">11 December 2012,</span><span class="insert">12 March 2013,</span> W3C <span class="delete">Candidate</span><span class="insert">Proposed</span> Recommendation. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-LINKS"><span class="insert">[PROV-LINKS]</span></dt><dd><span class="insert">Luc Moreau; Timothy Lebo; eds. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-links-20130312/"><cite><span class="insert">Linking Across Provenance Bundles</span></cite></a><span class="insert">. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-links-20130312/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-links-20130312/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-N"><span class="insert">[PROV-N]</span></dt><dd><span class="insert">Luc Moreau; Paolo Missier; eds. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/"><cite><span class="insert">PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</span></cite></a><span class="insert">. 12 March 2013, W3C Proposed Recommendation. URL: </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-O"><span class="insert">[PROV-O]</span></dt><dd><span class="insert">Timothy Lebo; Satya Sahoo; Deborah McGuinness; eds. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/"><cite><span class="insert">PROV-O: The PROV Ontology</span></cite></a><span class="insert">. 12 March 2013, W3C Proposed Recommendation. URL: </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">[PROV-OVERVIEW]</dt><dd>Paul Groth; Luc Moreau; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-overview-20130312/"><cite>PROV-OVERVIEW: An Overview of the PROV Family of Documents</cite></a>. <span class="delete">11 December 2012,</span><span class="insert">12 March 2013,</span> Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-overview-20130312/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-overview-20130312/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-PRIMER">[PROV-PRIMER]</dt><dd>Yolanda Gil; Simon Miles; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-primer-20130312/"><cite>PROV Model Primer</cite></a>. <span class="delete">11 December 2012,</span><span class="insert">12 March 2013,</span> Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-primer-20130312/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-primer-20130312/</span></a>
+</dd><span class="delete">[PROV-XML]</span><dt id="bib-PROV-SEM"><span class="insert">[PROV-SEM]</span></dt><dd><span class="delete">Hook Hua; Curt Tilmes; Stephan Zednik; eds. </span><span class="insert">James Cheney; ed. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-sem-20130312"><cite><span class="delete">PROV-XML: The</span><span class="insert">Semantics of the</span> PROV <span class="insert">Data Model</span></cite></a><span class="insert">. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-sem-20130312"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-sem-20130312</span></a><span class="insert">.
+</span></dd><dt id="bib-RFC2119"><span class="insert">[RFC2119]</span></dt><dd><span class="insert">S. Bradner. </span><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><cite><span class="insert">Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.</span></cite></a><span class="insert"> March 1997. Internet RFC 2119. URL: </span><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><span class="insert">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC3023"><span class="insert">[RFC3023]</span></dt><dd><span class="insert">M. Murata; S. St.Laurent; D. Kohn. </span><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt"><cite>XML <span class="delete">Schema</span><span class="insert">Media Types</span></cite></a>. <span class="delete">11 December 2012, Working Draft.</span><span class="insert">January 2001. RFC 3023.</span> URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/</span><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt"><span class="insert">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC3986"><span class="insert">[RFC3986]</span></dt><dd><span class="insert">T. Berners-Lee; R. Fielding; L. Masinter. </span><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"><cite><span class="insert">Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax</span></cite></a><span class="insert">. January 2005. RFC 3986. URL: </span><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"><span class="insert">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC3987"><span class="insert">[RFC3987]</span></dt><dd><span class="insert">M. Dürst; M. Suignard. </span><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><cite><span class="insert">Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs)</span></cite></a><span class="insert">. January 2005. RFC 3987. URL: </span><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><span class="insert">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-UNISEC"><span class="insert">[UNISEC]</span></dt><dd><span class="insert"> Mark Davis; Michel Suignard. </span><a href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/"><cite><span class="insert">Unicode Security Considerations</span><cite></cite></cite></a><span class="insert">. 4 August 2010. URL: </span><a href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/"><span class="insert">http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/</span></a>
+</dd></dl></section></section></body></html>