--- a/model/releases/CR-prov-dm-20121211/Overview.html Wed Nov 21 00:31:39 2012 +0000
+++ b/model/releases/CR-prov-dm-20121211/Overview.html Wed Nov 21 00:38:01 2012 +0000
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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<title>PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</title>
@@ -43,7 +43,9 @@
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- <link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-CR" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" charset="utf-8"></head>
- <body style="display: inherit; "><div class="head"><p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img width="72" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" alt="W3C"></a></p><h1 class="title" id="title">PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</h1><h2 id="w3c-candidate-recommendation-11-december-2012"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Candidate Recommendation 11 December 2012</h2><dl><dt>This version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/</a></dd><dt>Latest published version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a></dd><dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt><dd><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html</a></dd><dt>Previous version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-dm-20120724/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-dm-20120724/</a> (<a href="diff.html">color-coded diffs</a>)</dd><dt>Editors:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/">Luc Moreau</a>, University of Southampton</dd>
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+ <body><div class="head">
+ <p>
+
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img width="72" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" alt="W3C"></a>
+
+ </p>
+ <h1 class="title" id="title">PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</h1>
+
+ <h2 id="w3c-candidate-recommendation-11-december-2012"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Candidate Recommendation 11 December 2012</h2>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>This version:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/</a></dd>
+ <dt>Latest published version:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html</a></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Test suite:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/testcases/constraints/process.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/testcases/constraints/process.html</a></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Implementation report:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/reports/prov-implementations.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/reports/prov-implementations.html</a></dd>
+
+
+
+ <dt>Previous version:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-dm-20120724/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-dm-20120724/</a> <a href="diff.html">(colored-coded diff)</a></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Editors:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/">Luc Moreau</a>, University of Southampton</dd>
<dd><a href="http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier">Paolo Missier</a>, Newcastle University</dd>
-<dt>Contributors:</dt><dd><a href="http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Khalid_Belhajjame">Khalid Belhajjame</a>, University of Manchester</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Contributors:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Khalid_Belhajjame">Khalid Belhajjame</a>, University of Manchester</dd>
<dd><span>Reza B'Far</span>, Oracle Corporation</dd>
<dd><a href="http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jcheney/">James Cheney</a>, University of Edinburgh</dd>
<dd><span>Sam Coppens</span>, IBBT - Ghent University</dd>
@@ -1044,14 +1220,37 @@
<dd><a href="http://www.rpi.edu/research/ccni/">James Myers</a>, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</dd>
<dd><a href="http://cci.case.edu/cci/index.php/Satya_Sahoo">Satya Sahoo</a>, Case Western Reserve University</dd>
<dd><span>Curt Tilmes</span>, National Aeronautics and Space Administration</dd>
-</dl><p class="copyright"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> © 2011-2012 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym></a><sup>®</sup> (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.</p><hr></div>
-
- <div id="abstract" class="introductory section"><h2>Abstract</h2>
+
+
+ </dl>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <p class="copyright">
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> ©
+ 2011-2012
+
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup>
+ (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>,
+ <a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>,
+ <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved.
+ <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>,
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.
+ </p>
+
+
+ <hr>
+</div>
+
+ <section id="abstract" class="introductory"><h2>Abstract</h2>
<p>
Provenance is information about entities, activities, and people
involved in producing a piece of data or thing, which can be used
to form assessments about its quality, reliability or trustworthiness.
-PROV-DM is the conceptual data model that forms a basis for the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>
+PROV-DM is the conceptual data model that forms a basis for the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>
provenance (PROV) family of specifications.
PROV-DM distinguishes core structures, forming the essence of provenance information, from
extended structures catering for more specific uses of provenance.
@@ -1078,19 +1277,29 @@
<p>The PROV Document Overview describes the overall state of PROV, and should be read before other PROV documents.</p>
- </div><div id="sotd" class="introductory section"><h2>Status of This Document</h2><p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> technical reports index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em></p>
+ </section><section id="sotd" class="introductory"><h2>Status of This Document</h2>
+
+
+
+ <p>
+ <em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other
+ documents may supersede this document. A list of current <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> publications and the latest revision
+ of this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> technical reports
+ index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em>
+ </p>
+
<h4 id="prov-family-of-documents">PROV Family of Documents</h4>
This document is part of the PROV family of documents, a set of documents defining various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. These documents are:
<ul>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/">PROV-OVERVIEW</a> (Note), an overview of the PROV family of documents [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">PROV-OVERVIEW</a></cite>];</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/">PROV-PRIMER</a> (Note), a primer for the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-PRIMER">PROV-PRIMER</a></cite>];</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/">PROV-O</a> (Recommendation), the PROV ontology, an OWL2 ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/">PROV-OVERVIEW</a> (Note), an overview of the PROV family of documents [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">PROV-OVERVIEW</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/">PROV-PRIMER</a> (Note), a primer for the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-PRIMER">PROV-PRIMER</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/">PROV-O</a> (Recommendation), the PROV ontology, an OWL2 ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>];</li>
<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/">PROV-DM</a> (Recommendation), the PROV data model for provenance (this document);</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/">PROV-N</a> (Recommendation), a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>];</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a> (Recommendation), a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>];</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/">PROV-AQ</a> (Note), the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>]; </li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/">PROV-XML</a> (Note), an XML schema for the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>].</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/">PROV-N</a> (Recommendation), a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a> (Recommendation), a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/">PROV-AQ</a> (Note), the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>]; </li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/">PROV-XML</a> (Note), an XML schema for the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>].</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="how-to-read-the-prov-family-of-documentation">How to read the PROV Family of Documentation</h4>
@@ -1101,16 +1310,65 @@
<li>Readers seeking to implement other PROV serializations
should focus on PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS. PROV-O and PROV-N offer examples of mapping to RDF and text, respectively.</li>
</ul>
-<p>This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/">Provenance Working Group</a> as a Candidate Recommendation. This document is intended to become a <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation. If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to <a href="mailto:public-prov-comments@w3.org">public-prov-comments@w3.org</a> (<a href="mailto:public-prov-comments-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>, <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/">archives</a>). <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> publishes a Candidate Recommendation to indicate that the document is believed to be stable and to encourage implementation by the developer community. This Candidate Recommendation is expected to advance to Proposed Recommendation no earlier than 31 January 2013. All feedback is welcome.</p><p>Publication as a Candidate Recommendation does not imply endorsement by the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.</p><p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>. <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>.</p></div><div id="toc" class="section"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#introduction" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction<br>
-</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#compliance-with-this-document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.1 </span>Compliance with this Document</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#structure-of-this-document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.2 </span>Structure of this Document</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#conventions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.3 </span>Notational Conventions</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#namespaces" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.4 </span>Namespaces</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-overview" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>PROV Overview</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#core-structures" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1 </span>PROV Core Structures</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-entity-activity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.1 </span>Entity and Activity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-derivation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.2 </span>Derivation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-agents-attribution-association-delegation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.3 </span>Agents and Responsibility</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-extended-structures" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2 </span>PROV Extended Structures</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-extended-mechanisms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.1 </span>Mechanisms to Define Extended Structures</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-extended-approach-subtyping" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.1.1 </span>Subtyping</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-extended-approach-expanded-relation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.1.2 </span>Expanded Relations</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-extended-approach-optional-identification" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.1.3 </span>Optional Identification</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-extended-approach-further-relations" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.1.4 </span>Further Relations</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-provenance-of-provnance" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.2 </span>Provenance of Provenance</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-collections" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.3 </span>Collections</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-overview-components" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Modular Organization</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-notation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>The Provenance Notation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-dm-example" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span>Illustration of PROV-DM by an Example</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-example-one" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.1 </span>Example: The Authors View</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-example-two" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.2 </span>Example: The Process View</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-example-c" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3 </span>Example: Attribution of Provenance</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#data-model-components" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5. </span>PROV-DM Types and Relations</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#component1" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1 </span>Component 1: Entities and Activities</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-entity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.1 </span>Entity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Activity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.2 </span>Activity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Generation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.3 </span>Generation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Usage" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.4 </span>Usage</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Communication" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.5 </span>Communication</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Start" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.6 </span>Start</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-End" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.7 </span>End</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Invalidation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.8 </span>Invalidation</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component2" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2 </span>Component 2: Derivations</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Derivation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2.1 </span>Derivation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-revision" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2.2 </span>Revision</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-quotation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2.3 </span>Quotation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-primary-source" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2.4 </span>Primary Source</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component3" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3 </span>Component 3: Agents, Responsibility, and Influence</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-agent" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.1 </span>Agent</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribution" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.2 </span>Attribution</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Association" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.3 </span>Association</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-delegation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.4 </span>Delegation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-influence" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.5 </span>Influence</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component4" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4 </span>Component 4: Bundles</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-bundle" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4.1 </span>Bundle constructor</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-bundle-entity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4.2 </span>Bundle Type</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component5" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.5 </span>Component 5: Alternate Entities</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-specialization" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.5.1 </span>Specialization</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-alternate" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.5.2 </span>Alternate</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component6" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.6 </span>Component 6: Collections</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-collection" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.6.1 </span>Collection</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-membership" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.6.2 </span>Membership</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#second-class-elements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7 </span>Further Elements of PROV-DM</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-identifier" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.1 </span>Identifier</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2 </span>Attribute</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-label" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2.1 </span>prov:label</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-location" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2.2 </span>prov:location</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-role" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2.3 </span>prov:role</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-type" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2.4 </span>prov:type</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-value" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2.5 </span>prov:value</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-value" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.3 </span>Value</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-NamespaceDeclaration" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.4 </span>Namespace Declaration</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-qualified-name" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.5 </span>Qualified Name</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#extensibility-section" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">6. </span>PROV-DM Extensibility Points</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#valid-provenance" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">7. </span>Creating Valid Provenance</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#cross-references-to-prov-o-and-prov-n" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A. </span>Cross-References to PROV-O and PROV-N</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#changes-since-last-version" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B. </span>Changes since last version</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C. </span>Acknowledgements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">D. </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">D.1 </span>Normative references</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">D.2 </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- <div id="introduction" class="section">
+
+ <p>
+ This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/">Provenance Working Group</a> as a Candidate Recommendation.
+
+ This document is intended to become a <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Recommendation.
+
+ If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to
+ <a href="mailto:public-prov-comments@w3.org">public-prov-comments@w3.org</a>
+ (<a href="mailto:public-prov-comments-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>,
+ <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/">archives</a>).
+
+
+ <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> publishes a Candidate Recommendation to indicate that the document is believed
+ to be stable and to encourage implementation by the developer community. This
+ Candidate Recommendation is expected to advance to Proposed Recommendation no earlier than
+ 31 January 2013.
+
+ All feedback is welcome.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>
+ Publication as a Candidate Recommendation does not imply endorsement by the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Membership.
+ This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at
+ any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.
+ </p>
+
+
+ <p>
+
+ This document was produced by a group operating under the
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent Policy</a>.
+
+
+
+
+ <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent disclosures</a>
+
+ made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for
+ disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the
+ information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section
+ 6 of the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent Policy</a>.
+
+
+ </p>
+
+
+
+
+</section><section id="toc"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#introduction" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction<br>
+</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#compliance-with-this-document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.1 </span>Compliance with this Document</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#structure-of-this-document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.2 </span>Structure of this Document</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#conventions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.3 </span>Notational Conventions</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#namespaces" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.4 </span>Namespaces</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-overview" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>PROV Overview</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#core-structures" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1 </span>PROV Core Structures</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-entity-activity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.1 </span>Entity and Activity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-derivation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.2 </span>Derivation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-agents-attribution-association-delegation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.3 </span>Agents and Responsibility</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-extended-structures" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2 </span>PROV Extended Structures</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-extended-mechanisms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.1 </span>Mechanisms to Define Extended Structures</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-extended-approach-subtyping" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.1.1 </span>Subtyping</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-extended-approach-expanded-relation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.1.2 </span>Expanded Relations</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-extended-approach-optional-identification" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.1.3 </span>Optional Identification</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-extended-approach-further-relations" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.1.4 </span>Further Relations</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-provenance-of-provnance" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.2 </span>Provenance of Provenance</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-collections" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.3 </span>Collections</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-overview-components" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Modular Organization</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-notation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>The Provenance Notation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-dm-example" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span>Illustration of PROV-DM by an Example</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-example-one" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.1 </span>Example: The Authors View</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-example-two" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.2 </span>Example: The Process View</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-example-c" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3 </span>Example: Attribution of Provenance</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#data-model-components" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5. </span>PROV-DM Types and Relations</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#component1" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1 </span>Component 1: Entities and Activities</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-entity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.1 </span>Entity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Activity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.2 </span>Activity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Generation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.3 </span>Generation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Usage" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.4 </span>Usage</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Communication" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.5 </span>Communication</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Start" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.6 </span>Start</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-End" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.7 </span>End</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Invalidation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.8 </span>Invalidation</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component2" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2 </span>Component 2: Derivations</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Derivation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2.1 </span>Derivation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-revision" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2.2 </span>Revision</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-quotation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2.3 </span>Quotation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-primary-source" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2.4 </span>Primary Source</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component3" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3 </span>Component 3: Agents, Responsibility, and Influence</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-agent" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.1 </span>Agent</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribution" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.2 </span>Attribution</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Association" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.3 </span>Association</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-delegation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.4 </span>Delegation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-influence" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.5 </span>Influence</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component4" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4 </span>Component 4: Bundles</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-bundle" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4.1 </span>Bundle constructor</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-bundle-entity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4.2 </span>Bundle Type</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component5" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.5 </span>Component 5: Alternate Entities</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-specialization" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.5.1 </span>Specialization</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-alternate" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.5.2 </span>Alternate</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component6" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.6 </span>Component 6: Collections</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-collection" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.6.1 </span>Collection</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-membership" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.6.2 </span>Membership</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#second-class-elements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7 </span>Further Elements of PROV-DM</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-identifier" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.1 </span>Identifier</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2 </span>Attribute</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-label" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2.1 </span>prov:label</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-location" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2.2 </span>prov:location</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-role" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2.3 </span>prov:role</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-type" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2.4 </span>prov:type</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-value" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2.5 </span>prov:value</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-value" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.3 </span>Value</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-NamespaceDeclaration" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.4 </span>Namespace Declaration</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-qualified-name" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.5 </span>Qualified Name</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#extensibility-section" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">6. </span>PROV-DM Extensibility Points</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#valid-provenance" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">7. </span>Creating Valid Provenance</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#cross-references-to-prov-o-and-prov-n" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A. </span>Cross-References to PROV-O and PROV-N</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#changes-since-last-version" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B. </span>Changes since last version</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C. </span>Acknowledgements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">D. </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">D.1 </span>Normative references</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">D.2 </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ <section id="introduction">
<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction<br>
</h2>
@@ -1139,7 +1397,7 @@
<em>extended structures</em>: core structures form the essence of
provenance information, and are commonly found in various
domain-specific vocabularies that deal
-with provenance or similar kinds of information [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-Mappings">Mappings</a></cite>].
+with provenance or similar kinds of information [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-Mappings">Mappings</a></cite>].
Extended structures enhance and refine core
structures with more expressive capabilities to cater for more
advanced uses of provenance.
@@ -1166,14 +1424,14 @@
<p>However, if something about which provenance is expressed is subject to change, then it is challenging to express its provenance precisely (e.g. the data from which a daily weather report is derived changes from day to day).
This is addressed in a companion
- specification [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>] by proposing formal constraints on
+ specification [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>] by proposing formal constraints on
the way that provenance is related to the things it
describes (such as the use of attributes, temporal information and
specialization of entities), and additional conclusions that are valid
to infer.
</p>
-<div id="compliance-with-this-document" class="section">
+<section id="compliance-with-this-document">
<h3><span class="secno">1.1 </span>Compliance with this Document</h3>
@@ -1188,10 +1446,10 @@
<li> All figures (including UML diagrams) are informative. </li>
<li> Text in boxes labeled "Example" is informative.
</li></ul>
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="informative section" id="structure-of-this-document">
+</section>
+
+
+<section class="informative" id="structure-of-this-document">
<h3><span class="secno">1.2 </span>Structure of this Document</h3><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
<p><a href="#section-prov-overview">Section 2</a> provides an overview of the PROV data model, distinguishing a core set of types and relations, commonly found in provenance, from extended structures catering for more specific uses. It also introduces a modular organization of the data model in components. </p>
@@ -1209,12 +1467,12 @@
<p><a href="#extensibility-section">Section 6</a> summarizes PROV-DM extensibility points.</p>
-<p><a href="#valid-provenance">Section 7</a> introduces the idea that constraints can be applied to the PROV data model to validate provenance; these are covered in the companion specification [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>].</p>
-
-
-</div>
-
-<div id="conventions" class="section">
+<p><a href="#valid-provenance">Section 7</a> introduces the idea that constraints can be applied to the PROV data model to validate provenance; these are covered in the companion specification [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>].</p>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="conventions">
<h3><span class="secno">1.3 </span>Notational Conventions</h3>
@@ -1223,17 +1481,17 @@
not">shall
not</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="should">should</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="should not">should not</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="recommended">recommended</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em>", and
"<em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em>" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
- [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC2119">RFC2119</a></cite>].</p>
+ [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC2119">RFC2119</a></cite>].</p>
<p>
Examples throughout this document use the PROV-N Provenance
- Notation, briefly introduced in <a href="#prov-notation">Section 3</a> and specified fully in a separate document [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>].</p>
-
-
-
-</div>
-
-<div class="informative section" id="namespaces">
+ Notation, briefly introduced in <a href="#prov-notation">Section 3</a> and specified fully in a separate document [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>].</p>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section class="informative" id="namespaces">
<h3><span class="secno">1.4 </span>Namespaces</h3><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
<p>
@@ -1244,20 +1502,20 @@
<caption id="namespace-table"><span>Table 1<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#namespace-table"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> </span>Prefix and Namespaces used in this specification</caption> <!-- Table 1-->
<tbody><tr><td><a><b>prefix</b></a></td><td><b>namespace IRI</b></td> <td><b>definition</b></td></tr>
<tr><td><a>prov</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</td><td>The PROV namespace (see <a class="section-ref" href="#term-NamespaceDeclaration"><span>Section 5.7.4</span></a>)</td></tr>
-<tr><td><a>xsd</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema#</td><td>XML Schema Namespace [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">XMLSCHEMA11-2</a></cite>]</td></tr>
-<tr><td><a>rdf</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#</td><td>The RDF namespace [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">RDF-CONCEPTS</a></cite>]</td></tr>
-<tr><td><a>(others)</a></td><td>(various)</td><td>All other namespace prefixes are used in examples only. <br> In particular, IRIs starting with "http://example.com" represent<br> some application-dependent IRI [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-IRI">IRI</a></cite>]</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>xsd</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema#</td><td>XML Schema Namespace [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">XMLSCHEMA11-2</a></cite>]</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>rdf</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#</td><td>The RDF namespace [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">RDF-CONCEPTS</a></cite>]</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>(others)</a></td><td>(various)</td><td>All other namespace prefixes are used in examples only. <br> In particular, IRIs starting with "http://example.com" represent<br> some application-dependent IRI [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-IRI">IRI</a></cite>]</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-
-
-<div class="informative section" id="section-prov-overview">
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section class="informative" id="section-prov-overview">
<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">2. </span>PROV Overview</h2><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
<p>This section introduces provenance concepts with informal explanations and illustrative
@@ -1265,8 +1523,8 @@
</p>
-<div id="core-structures" class="section">
-<h3><span class="secno">2.1 </span>PROV Core Structures</h3>
+<section id="core-structures">
+<h3><span class="secno">2.1 </span>PROV Core Structures</h3><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
<p>At its core, provenance describes the use and production of
<em>entities</em> by <em>activities</em>, which may be
@@ -1274,7 +1532,7 @@
various ways by <em>agents</em>. These core types and their relationships
are illustrated
by
-the UML diagram of <a href="#prov-core-structures-top">Figure 1</a>.</p>
+the UML diagram of <a href="#prov-core-structures-top" class="fig-ref">Figure 1</a>.</p>
<div style="text-align: center; ">
@@ -1300,16 +1558,16 @@
<caption id="overview-types-and-relations"><span>Table 2<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#overview-types-and-relations"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> </span>Mapping of PROV core concepts to types and relations</caption> <!-- Table 2 -->
<tbody><tr><td><a><b>PROV Concepts</b></a></td><td><b>PROV-DM types or relations</b></td><td><b>Name</b></td><td><b>Overview</b></td></tr>
<tr>
-<td><a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td><td rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;">PROV-DM Types</td><td><a title="dfn-Entity" href="#dfn-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-entity-activity"><span>Section 2.1.1</span></a></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a></td><td><a title="dfn-Activity" href="#dfn-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-entity-activity"><span>Section 2.1.1</span></a></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a></td><td><a title="dfn-agent" href="#dfn-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-agents-attribution-association-delegation"><span>Section 2.1.3</span></a></td></tr>
+<td><a>Entity</a></td><td rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;">PROV-DM Types</td><td><a title="dfn-Entity" href="#dfn-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-entity-activity"><span>Section 2.1.1</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>Activity</a></td><td><a title="dfn-Activity" href="#dfn-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-entity-activity"><span>Section 2.1.1</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>Agent</a></td><td><a title="dfn-agent" href="#dfn-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-agents-attribution-association-delegation"><span>Section 2.1.3</span></a></td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a></td><td rowspan="7" style="text-align: center;">PROV-DM Relations</td><td><a title="wasGeneratedBy" href="#dfn-wasgeneratedby" class="internalDFN">WasGeneratedBy</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-entity-activity"><span>Section 2.1.1</span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td><a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a></td><td><a title="used" href="#dfn-used" class="internalDFN">Used</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-entity-activity"><span>Section 2.1.1</span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td><a href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN">Communication</a></td><td><a title="wasInformedBy" href="#dfn-wasinformedby" class="internalDFN">WasInformedBy</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-entity-activity"><span>Section 2.1.1</span></a></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">Derivation</a></td><td><a title="wasDerivedFrom" href="#dfn-wasderivedfrom" class="internalDFN">WasDerivedFrom</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-derivation"><span>Section 2.1.2</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>Derivation</a></td><td><a title="wasDerivedFrom" href="#dfn-wasderivedfrom" class="internalDFN">WasDerivedFrom</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-derivation"><span>Section 2.1.2</span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td><a href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">Attribution</a></td><td><a title="wasAttributedTo" href="#dfn-wasattributedto" class="internalDFN">WasAttributedTo</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-agents-attribution-association-delegation"><span>Section 2.1.3</span></a></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">Association</a></td><td><a title="wasAssociatedWith" href="#dfn-wasassociatedwith" class="internalDFN">WasAssociatedWith</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-agents-attribution-association-delegation"><span>Section 2.1.3</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>Association</a></td><td><a title="wasAssociatedWith" href="#dfn-wasassociatedwith" class="internalDFN">WasAssociatedWith</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-agents-attribution-association-delegation"><span>Section 2.1.3</span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td><a href="#concept-delegation" class="internalDFN">Delegation</a></td><td><a title="actedOnBehalfOf" href="#dfn-actedonbehalfof" class="internalDFN">ActedOnBehalfOf</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-agents-attribution-association-delegation"><span>Section 2.1.3</span></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
@@ -1331,8 +1589,8 @@
- <div id="section-entity-activity" class="section">
-<h4><span class="secno">2.1.1 </span>Entity and Activity</h4>
+ <section id="section-entity-activity">
+<h4><span class="secno">2.1.1 </span>Entity and Activity</h4><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
<p>In PROV, things we want to describe the provenance of are called <em>entities</em> and have some fixed aspects. The term "things" encompasses a broad diversity of notions, including digital objects such as a file or web page,
@@ -1441,9 +1699,9 @@
-</div>
-
- <div id="section-derivation" class="section">
+</section>
+
+ <section id="section-derivation">
<h4><span class="secno">2.1.2 </span>Derivation</h4>
@@ -1488,11 +1746,11 @@
derivation to hold between entities, it is not sufficient; some
form of influence occurring during the activities involved is also needed.
</p>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<div id="section-agents-attribution-association-delegation" class="section">
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="section-agents-attribution-association-delegation">
<h4><span class="secno">2.1.3 </span>Agents and Responsibility</h4>
<p>For many purposes, a key consideration
@@ -1570,12 +1828,12 @@
told the student to put up the web page.
</p>
</div>
-</div>
-
-
-</div>
-
-<div id="section-extended-structures" class="section">
+</section>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="section-extended-structures">
<h3><span class="secno">2.2 </span>PROV Extended Structures</h3>
<p>While the core of PROV focuses on essential provenance structures commonly found in provenance descriptions, extended structures
@@ -1585,7 +1843,7 @@
-<div id="section-prov-extended-mechanisms" class="section">
+<section id="section-prov-extended-mechanisms">
<h4><span class="secno">2.2.1 </span>Mechanisms to Define Extended Structures</h4>
<p>Extended structures are defined by a variety of mechanisms
@@ -1593,8 +1851,8 @@
identification, and new relations.</p>
-<div id="section-prov-extended-approach-subtyping" class="section">
-<h5><span class="secno">2.2.1.1 </span>Subtyping</h5>
+<section id="section-prov-extended-approach-subtyping">
+<h5><span class="secno">2.2.1.1 </span>Subtyping</h5><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
<p>Subtyping can be applied to core types. For example, a software agent is special kind of agent, defined as follows.</p>
@@ -1607,9 +1865,9 @@
<p><span class="glossary-ref"> A <span class="dfn">revision</span> is a derivation for which the resulting entity is a revised version of some original. </span></p>
-</div>
-
-<div id="section-prov-extended-approach-expanded-relation" class="section">
+</section>
+
+<section id="section-prov-extended-approach-expanded-relation">
<h5><span class="secno">2.2.1.2 </span>Expanded Relations</h5>
<p><a class="section-ref" href="#core-structures"><span>Section 2.1</span></a> shows that seven concepts are mapped to binary relations in the core of PROV. However, some advanced uses of these concepts cannot be captured by a binary relation, but require relations to be expanded to n-ary relations.</p>
@@ -1651,10 +1909,10 @@
an XSLT transform (an activity) launched by a user (an agent) based on an XSL style sheet (a plan).
</p></div>
-</div>
-
-
-<div id="section-prov-extended-approach-optional-identification" class="section">
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="section-prov-extended-approach-optional-identification">
<h5><span class="secno">2.2.1.3 </span>Optional Identification</h5>
<p>Some concepts exhibit both a core use, expressed as
@@ -1672,22 +1930,22 @@
</p></div>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<div id="section-prov-extended-approach-further-relations" class="section">
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="section-prov-extended-approach-further-relations">
<h5><span class="secno">2.2.1.4 </span>Further Relations</h5>
<p>Finally, PROV supports further relations that are not subtypes or expanded versions of existing relations (such as <a href="#concept-specialization" class="internalDFN">specialization</a>, <a href="#concept-alternate" class="internalDFN">alternate</a>).</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<div id="section-provenance-of-provnance" class="section">
+</section>
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="section-provenance-of-provnance">
<h4><span class="secno">2.2.2 </span>Provenance of Provenance</h4>
@@ -1712,9 +1970,9 @@
In a decision making situation, decision makers may be presented with the same piece of knowledge, issued by multiple sources. In order to validate this piece of knowledge, decision makers can consider its provenance, but also the provenance of its provenance, which may help determine whether it can be trusted.
</p>
</div>
-</div>
-
-<div id="section-collections" class="section">
+</section>
+
+<section id="section-collections">
<h4><span class="secno">2.2.3 </span>Collections</h4>
<p>
@@ -1727,15 +1985,15 @@
</p></div>
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-</div>
-
-<div id="section-overview-components" class="section">
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="section-overview-components">
<h3><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Modular Organization</h3>
<p>Besides the separation between core and extended structures, PROV-DM
@@ -1758,17 +2016,17 @@
</tbody></table>
</div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="informative section" id="prov-notation">
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section class="informative" id="prov-notation">
<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">3. </span>The Provenance Notation</h2><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
<p>To illustrate the application of PROV concepts to a concrete example (see <a href="#prov-dm-example">Section 4</a>) and to provide examples of concepts (see <a href="#data-model-components">Section 5</a>),
-we introduce PROV-N, a notation for writing instances of the PROV data model. For full details and for a normative reference, the reader is referred to the companion specification [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>].
+we introduce PROV-N, a notation for writing instances of the PROV data model. For full details and for a normative reference, the reader is referred to the companion specification [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>].
PROV-N is a notation aimed at human consumption, with the following characteristics:</p>
<ul>
<li>PROV-N expressions adopt a <em>functional notation</em> consisting
@@ -1813,10 +2071,10 @@
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="informative section" id="prov-dm-example">
+</section>
+
+
+<section class="informative" id="prov-dm-example">
<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">4. </span>Illustration of PROV-DM by an Example</h2><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
<p><a href="#section-prov-overview">Section 2</a> has introduced some provenance concepts, and how they are expressed as types or relations in the PROV data model. The purpose of this section is to put these concepts into practice in order to express the provenance of some document published on the Web.
@@ -1825,11 +2083,11 @@
<p>In this example, we consider one of the many documents published by the World Wide Web Consortium, and describe its provenance.
Specifically, we consider the document identified by
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215</a>. Its provenance can be expressed from several perspectives: first, provenance can take the authors' viewpoint; second, it can be concerned with the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> process. Then, attribution of these two provenance descriptions is provided.</p>
-
-
-<div id="section-example-one" class="section">
-<h3><span class="secno">4.1 </span>Example: The Authors View</h3>
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215</a>. Its provenance can be expressed from several perspectives: first, provenance can take the authors' viewpoint; second, it can be concerned with the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> process. Then, attribution of these two provenance descriptions is provided.</p>
+
+
+<section id="section-example-one">
+<h3><span class="secno">4.1 </span>Example: The Authors View</h3><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
<p style="font-style:italic; "><b>Description:</b> A document
@@ -1845,7 +2103,7 @@
-<p>We paraphrase some PROV descriptions, express them with the PROV-N notation, and depict them with a graphical illustration (see <a href="#prov-a-document1-top">Figure 2</a>).
+<p>We paraphrase some PROV descriptions, express them with the PROV-N notation, and depict them with a graphical illustration (see <a href="#prov-a-document1-top" class="fig-ref">Figure 2</a>).
Full details of the provenance record can be found <a href="examples/w3c-publication1.provn">here</a>.</p>
<div style="text-align: center; ">
@@ -1888,7 +2146,7 @@
<p>
Provenance descriptions can be <em>illustrated</em> graphically. The illustration is not intended to represent all the details of the model, but it is intended to show the essence of a set of
-provenance descriptions [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-LAYOUT">PROV-LAYOUT</a></cite>]. Therefore, it should not be seen as an alternate notation for expressing provenance.</p>
+provenance descriptions [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-LAYOUT">PROV-LAYOUT</a></cite>]. Therefore, it should not be seen as an alternate notation for expressing provenance.</p>
<p>The graphical illustration takes the form of a graph. Entities, activities and agents are represented as nodes, with oval, rectangular, and pentagonal shapes, respectively. Usage,
Generation, Derivation, and Association are represented as directed edges.</p>
@@ -1898,9 +2156,9 @@
-</div>
-
-<div id="section-example-two" class="section">
+</section>
+
+<section id="section-example-two">
<h3><span class="secno">4.2 </span>Example: The Process View</h3>
@@ -1910,12 +2168,12 @@
accomplished by working groups. Every publication of a working draft
must be preceded by a "publication request" to the Webmaster. The
very first version of a document must also be preceded by a
-"transition request" to be approved by the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> director. All working
+"transition request" to be approved by the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> director. All working
drafts are made available at a unique IRI. In this scenario, we consider two successive versions of a given document, the policy according to which they were published, and the associated requests.
</p>
<p>
-We describe the kind of provenance record that the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium">WWW Consortium</a> could keep for auditors to check that due processes are followed. All entities involved in this example are Web resources, with well-defined IRIs (some of which refer archived email messages, available to <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Members).</p>
+We describe the kind of provenance record that the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium">WWW Consortium</a> could keep for auditors to check that due processes are followed. All entities involved in this example are Web resources, with well-defined IRIs (some of which refer archived email messages, available to <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Members).</p>
<ul>
<li> Two versions of a document were involved: <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> (second working draft) and <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span> (first working draft);</li>
@@ -1932,7 +2190,7 @@
</ul>
<p>
-We now paraphrase some PROV descriptions, and express them with the PROV-N notation, and depict them with a graphical illustration (see <a href="#prov-a-document2-top">Figure 3</a>). Full details of the provenance record can be found <a href="examples/w3c-publication2.provn">here</a>.
+We now paraphrase some PROV descriptions, and express them with the PROV-N notation, and depict them with a graphical illustration (see <a href="#prov-a-document2-top" class="fig-ref">Figure 3</a>). Full details of the provenance record can be found <a href="examples/w3c-publication2.provn">here</a>.
</p><div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="figure" id="prov-a-document2-top">
@@ -1982,13 +2240,13 @@
-<p> This simple example has shown a variety of PROV concepts, such as Entity, Agent, Activity, Usage, Generation, Derivation, and Association. In this example, it happens that all entities were already Web resources, with readily available IRIs, which we used. We note that some of the resources are public, whereas others have restricted access: provenance statements only make use of their identifiers. If identifiers do not pre-exist, e.g. for activities, then they can be generated, for instance <span class="name">ex:act2</span>, occurring in the namespace identified by prefix <span class="name">ex</span>. We note that the IRI scheme developed by <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> is particularly suited for expressing provenance of these documents, since each IRI denotes a specific version of a document. It then becomes easy to relate the various versions with PROV relations. We note that an Association is a ternary relation (represented by a multi-edge labeled wasAssociatedWith) from an activity to an agent and a plan.</p>
-
-
-</div>
-
-
-<div id="section-example-c" class="section">
+<p> This simple example has shown a variety of PROV concepts, such as Entity, Agent, Activity, Usage, Generation, Derivation, and Association. In this example, it happens that all entities were already Web resources, with readily available IRIs, which we used. We note that some of the resources are public, whereas others have restricted access: provenance statements only make use of their identifiers. If identifiers do not pre-exist, e.g. for activities, then they can be generated, for instance <span class="name">ex:act2</span>, occurring in the namespace identified by prefix <span class="name">ex</span>. We note that the IRI scheme developed by <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> is particularly suited for expressing provenance of these documents, since each IRI denotes a specific version of a document. It then becomes easy to relate the various versions with PROV relations. We note that an Association is a ternary relation (represented by a multi-edge labeled wasAssociatedWith) from an activity to an agent and a plan.</p>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="section-example-c">
<h3><span class="secno">4.3 </span>Example: Attribution of Provenance</h3>
<p>The two previous sections offer two different perspectives on the provenance of a document. PROV allows for multiple sources to provide the provenance of a subject. For users to decide whether they can place their trust in the document, they may want to analyze its provenance, but also determine who the provenance is attributed to, and when it was
@@ -2026,12 +2284,12 @@
wasAttributedTo(ex:process-view, w3:Consortium)
</pre>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-
-<div id="data-model-components" class="section">
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="data-model-components">
<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">5. </span>PROV-DM Types and Relations</h2>
@@ -2053,7 +2311,7 @@
<div style="text-align: center;">
-<span class="figure" style="max-width: 95%; ">
+<span class="figure" id="fig-figure-4-prov-dm-components-informative" style="max-width: 95%; ">
<img usemap="#componentMap" src="images/dm/components-dependencies.png" alt="PROV-DM Components" style="max-width: 90%; ">
<map id="componentMap" name="componentMap">
<area title="agents/responsibility" href="#component3" coords="0,0,67,268" alt="agents/responsibility" shape="rect">
@@ -2083,9 +2341,9 @@
<caption id="relations-at-a-glance"><span>Table 4<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#relations-at-a-glance"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> </span>PROV-DM Relations At a Glance</caption> <!-- Table 4 -->
<tbody><tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td colspan="6">Object</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td colspan="2">Entity</td><td colspan="2">Activity</td><td colspan="2">Agent</td></tr>
-<tr><td rowspan="3">Subject</td><td>Entity</td><td colspan="2"><div class="component2-color"><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasderivedfrom">WasDerivedFrom</a><br><a href="#concept-revision" class="internalDFN">Revision</a><br><a href="#concept-quotation" class="internalDFN">Quotation</a><br><a>PrimarySource</a></div><div class="component5-color"><a href="#dfn-alternateof" class="internalDFN">AlternateOf</a><br><a href="#dfn-specializationof" class="internalDFN">SpecializationOf</a></div><div class="component6-color"><a href="#dfn-hadmember" class="internalDFN">HadMember</a></div></td><td class="component1-color"><a class="essential internalDFN" title="wasGeneratedBy" href="#dfn-wasgeneratedby">WasGeneratedBy</a><br><a title="wasInvalidatedBy" href="#dfn-wasinvalidatedby" class="internalDFN">WasInvalidatedBy</a></td><td class="component1-color" style="font-style: italic; "><a title="role" href="#concept-role" class="internalDFN">R</a><br><a title="time" href="#dfn-time" class="internalDFN">T</a><br><a title="location" href="#concept-location" class="internalDFN">L</a><br></td><td class="component3-color" colspan="2"><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasattributedto">WasAttributedTo</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td>Activity</td><td class="component1-color"><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-used">Used</a><br><a href="#dfn-wasstartedby" class="internalDFN">WasStartedBy</a><br><a href="#dfn-wasendedby" class="internalDFN">WasEndedBy</a></td><td class="component1-color" style="font-style: italic; "><a title="role" href="#concept-role" class="internalDFN">R</a><br><a title="time" href="#dfn-time" class="internalDFN">T</a><br><a title="location" href="#concept-location" class="internalDFN">L</a><br></td><td colspan="2" class="component1-color"><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasinformedby">WasInformedBy</a></td><td class="component3-color"><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasassociatedwith">WasAssociatedWith</a></td><td class="component3-color" style="font-style: italic; "><a title="role" href="#concept-role" class="internalDFN">R</a><br></td></tr>
-<tr><td>Agent</td><td colspan="2">—</td><td colspan="2">—</td><td class="component3-color" colspan="2"><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-actedonbehalfof">ActedOnBehalfOf</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td rowspan="3">Subject</td><td>Entity</td><td colspan="2"><div class="component2-color"><a class="essential">WasDerivedFrom</a><br><a>Revision</a><br><a>Quotation</a><br><a>PrimarySource</a></div><div class="component5-color"><a>AlternateOf</a><br><a>SpecializationOf</a></div><div class="component6-color"><a>HadMember</a></div></td><td class="component1-color"><a class="essential internalDFN" title="wasGeneratedBy" href="#dfn-wasgeneratedby">WasGeneratedBy</a><br><a title="wasInvalidatedBy" href="#dfn-wasinvalidatedby" class="internalDFN">WasInvalidatedBy</a></td><td class="component1-color" style="font-style: italic; "><a title="role" href="#concept-role" class="internalDFN">R</a><br><a title="time" href="#dfn-time" class="internalDFN">T</a><br><a title="location" href="#concept-location" class="internalDFN">L</a><br></td><td class="component3-color" colspan="2"><a class="essential">WasAttributedTo</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Activity</td><td class="component1-color"><a class="essential">Used</a><br><a>WasStartedBy</a><br><a>WasEndedBy</a></td><td class="component1-color" style="font-style: italic; "><a title="role" href="#concept-role" class="internalDFN">R</a><br><a title="time" href="#dfn-time" class="internalDFN">T</a><br><a title="location" href="#concept-location" class="internalDFN">L</a><br></td><td colspan="2" class="component1-color"><a class="essential">WasInformedBy</a></td><td class="component3-color"><a class="essential">WasAssociatedWith</a></td><td class="component3-color" style="font-style: italic; "><a title="role" href="#concept-role" class="internalDFN">R</a><br></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Agent</td><td colspan="2">—</td><td colspan="2">—</td><td class="component3-color" colspan="2"><a class="essential">ActedOnBehalfOf</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
@@ -2108,9 +2366,9 @@
<caption id="secondary-elements-relations-at-a-glance"><span>Table 5<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#secondary-elements-relations-at-a-glance"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> </span>Secondary optional elements in PROV-DM Relations</caption> <!-- Table 4 -->
<tbody><tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td colspan="3">Secondary Object</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td>Entity</td><td>Activity</td><td>Agent</td></tr>
-<tr><td rowspan="3">Subject</td><td>Entity</td><td>—</td><td class="component2-color"><a href="#dfn-wasderivedfrom" class="internalDFN">WasDerivedFrom</a> (<a href="#derivation.activity">activity</a>)</td><td>—</td></tr>
-<tr><td>Activity</td><td class="component3-color"><a href="#dfn-wasassociatedwith" class="internalDFN">WasAssociatedWith</a> (<a href="#association.plan">plan</a>)</td><td class="component1-color"><a href="#dfn-wasstartedby" class="internalDFN">WasStartedBy</a> (<a href="#start.starter">starter</a>)<br><a href="#dfn-wasendedby" class="internalDFN">WasEndedBy</a> (<a href="#end.ender">ender</a>)</td><td>—</td></tr>
-<tr><td>Agent</td><td>—</td><td class="component3-color"><a href="#dfn-actedonbehalfof" class="internalDFN">ActedOnBehalfOf</a> (<a href="#delegation.activity">activity</a>)</td><td>—</td></tr>
+<tr><td rowspan="3">Subject</td><td>Entity</td><td>—</td><td class="component2-color"><a>WasDerivedFrom</a> (<a href="#derivation.activity">activity</a>)</td><td>—</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Activity</td><td class="component3-color"><a>WasAssociatedWith</a> (<a href="#association.plan">plan</a>)</td><td class="component1-color"><a>WasStartedBy</a> (<a href="#start.starter">starter</a>)<br><a>WasEndedBy</a> (<a href="#end.ender">ender</a>)</td><td>—</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Agent</td><td>—</td><td class="component3-color"><a>ActedOnBehalfOf</a> (<a href="#delegation.activity">activity</a>)</td><td>—</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
@@ -2124,8 +2382,8 @@
<tbody><tr><td><a><b>Type or Relation Name</b></a></td><td><b>Representation in the PROV-N notation</b></td><td><b>Component</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-<tr class="component1-color"><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td><td><a title="dfn-Entity" class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-entity">entity(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a></td><td rowspan="8"><a href="#component1">Component 1: Entities/Activities</a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component1-color"><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a></td><td><a title="dfn-Activity" class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-activity">activity(id, st, et, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td class="essential"><a>Entity</a></td><td><a title="dfn-Entity" class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-entity">entity(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a></td><td rowspan="8"><a href="#component1">Component 1: Entities/Activities</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td class="essential"><a>Activity</a></td><td><a title="dfn-Activity" class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-activity">activity(id, st, et, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a></td></tr>
<tr class="component1-color"><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a></td><td><a title="wasGeneratedBy" href="#dfn-wasgeneratedby" class="internalDFN"><span class="essential">wasGeneratedBy(</span>id;<span class="essential">e,a</span>,t,attrs<span class="essential">)</span></a></td></tr>
<tr class="component1-color"><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a></td><td><a title="used" href="#dfn-used" class="internalDFN"><span class="essential">used(</span>id;<span class="essential">a,e</span>,t,attrs<span class="essential">)</span></a></td></tr>
<tr class="component1-color"><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN">Communication</a></td><td><a title="wasInformedBy" href="#dfn-wasinformedby" class="internalDFN"><span class="essential">wasInformedBy(</span>id;<span class="essential">a2,a1</span>,attrs<span class="essential">)</span></a></td></tr>
@@ -2135,19 +2393,19 @@
<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-<tr class="component2-color"><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">Derivation</a></td><td><a title="wasDerivedFrom" href="#dfn-wasderivedfrom" class="internalDFN"><span class="essential">wasDerivedFrom(</span>id; <span class="essential">e2, e1</span>, a, g2, u1, attrs<span class="essential">)</span></a></td><td rowspan="4"><a href="#component2">Component 2: Derivations</a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component2-color"><td class="provType"><a href="#concept-revision" class="internalDFN">Revision</a></td><td><a title="dfn-revision">... prov:type='prov:Revision' ...</a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component2-color"><td class="provType"><a href="#concept-quotation" class="internalDFN">Quotation</a></td><td><a title="dfn-quotation">... prov:type='prov:Quotation' ...</a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component2-color"><td class="provType"><a href="#concept-primary-source" class="internalDFN">Primary Source</a></td><td><a title="dfn-primary-source">... prov:type='prov:PrimarySource' ...</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component2-color"><td class="essential"><a>Derivation</a></td><td><a title="wasDerivedFrom" href="#dfn-wasderivedfrom" class="internalDFN"><span class="essential">wasDerivedFrom(</span>id; <span class="essential">e2, e1</span>, a, g2, u1, attrs<span class="essential">)</span></a></td><td rowspan="4"><a href="#component2">Component 2: Derivations</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component2-color"><td class="provType"><a>Revision</a></td><td><a title="dfn-revision">... prov:type='prov:Revision' ...</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component2-color"><td class="provType"><a>Quotation</a></td><td><a title="dfn-quotation">... prov:type='prov:Quotation' ...</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component2-color"><td class="provType"><a>Primary Source</a></td><td><a title="dfn-primary-source">... prov:type='prov:PrimarySource' ...</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-<tr class="component3-color" style="border-collapse: collapse; "><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a></td><td><a title="dfn-agent" class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-agent">agent(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a></td><td rowspan="9"><a href="#component3">Component 3: Agents, Responsibility, Influence</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color" style="border-collapse: collapse; "><td class="essential"><a>Agent</a></td><td><a title="dfn-agent" class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-agent">agent(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a></td><td rowspan="9"><a href="#component3">Component 3: Agents, Responsibility, Influence</a></td></tr>
<tr class="component3-color"><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">Attribution</a></td><td><a title="wasAttributedTo" href="#dfn-wasattributedto" class="internalDFN"><span class="essential">wasAttributedTo(</span>id;<span class="essential">e,ag</span>,attr<span class="essential">)</span></a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component3-color"><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">Association</a></td><td><a title="wasAssociatedWith" href="#dfn-wasassociatedwith" class="internalDFN"><span class="essential">wasAssociatedWith(</span>id;<span class="essential">a,ag</span>,pl,attrs<span class="essential">)</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td class="essential"><a>Association</a></td><td><a title="wasAssociatedWith" href="#dfn-wasassociatedwith" class="internalDFN"><span class="essential">wasAssociatedWith(</span>id;<span class="essential">a,ag</span>,pl,attrs<span class="essential">)</span></a></td></tr>
<tr class="component3-color"><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-delegation" class="internalDFN">Delegation</a></td><td><a title="actedOnBehalfOf" href="#dfn-actedonbehalfof" class="internalDFN"><span class="essential">actedOnBehalfOf(</span>id;<span class="essential">ag2,ag1</span>,a,attrs<span class="essential">)</span></a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component3-color"><td class="provType"><a href="#concept-plan" class="internalDFN">Plan</a></td><td><a title="plan" href="#concept-plan" class="internalDFN">... prov:type='prov:Plan' ...</a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component3-color"><td class="provType"><a href="#concept-person" class="internalDFN">Person</a></td><td><a title="person" href="#concept-person" class="internalDFN">... prov:type='prov:Person' ...</a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component3-color"><td class="provType"><a href="#concept-organization" class="internalDFN">Organization</a></td><td><a title="organization" href="#concept-organization" class="internalDFN">... prov:type='prov:Organization' ...</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td class="provType"><a>Plan</a></td><td><a title="plan" href="#concept-plan" class="internalDFN">... prov:type='prov:Plan' ...</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td class="provType"><a>Person</a></td><td><a title="person" href="#concept-person" class="internalDFN">... prov:type='prov:Person' ...</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td class="provType"><a href="#concept-organization" class="internalDFN">Organization</a></td><td><a title="organization">... prov:type='prov:Organization' ...</a></td></tr>
<tr class="component3-color"><td class="provType"><a title="software-agent" href="#concept-software-agent" class="internalDFN">SoftwareAgent</a></td><td><a title="software-agent" href="#concept-software-agent" class="internalDFN">... prov:type='prov:SoftwareAgent' ...</a></td></tr>
<tr class="component3-color"><td><a href="#concept-influence" class="internalDFN">Influence</a></td><td><a title="wasInfluencedBy" href="#dfn-wasinfluencedby" class="internalDFN">wasInfluencedBy(id;e2,e1,attrs)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
@@ -2158,12 +2416,12 @@
<tr class="component4-color"><td class="provType"><a title="bundle" href="#concept-bundle" class="internalDFN">Bundle type</a></td><td><a title="bundle" href="#concept-bundle" class="internalDFN">... prov:type='prov:Bundle' ...</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-<tr class="component5-color"><td><a href="#concept-alternate" class="internalDFN">Alternate</a></td><td><a title="alternateOf" href="#dfn-alternateof" class="internalDFN">alternateOf(alt1, alt2)</a></td><td rowspan="2"><a href="#component5">Component 5: Alternate</a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component5-color"><td><a href="#concept-specialization" class="internalDFN">Specialization</a></td><td><a title="specializationOf" href="#dfn-specializationof" class="internalDFN">specializationOf(infra, supra)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component5-color"><td><a>Alternate</a></td><td><a title="alternateOf" href="#dfn-alternateof" class="internalDFN">alternateOf(alt1, alt2)</a></td><td rowspan="2"><a href="#component5">Component 5: Alternate</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component5-color"><td><a>Specialization</a></td><td><a title="specializationOf" href="#dfn-specializationof" class="internalDFN">specializationOf(infra, supra)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-<tr class="component6-color"><td class="provType"><a href="#concept-collection" class="internalDFN">Collection</a></td><td><a title="collection" href="#concept-collection" class="internalDFN">... prov:type='prov:Collection' ...</a></td><td rowspan="3"><a href="#component6">Component 6: Collections</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component6-color"><td class="provType"><a>Collection</a></td><td><a title="collection" href="#concept-collection" class="internalDFN">... prov:type='prov:Collection' ...</a></td><td rowspan="3"><a href="#component6">Component 6: Collections</a></td></tr>
<tr class="component6-color"><td class="provType"><a title="empty collection" href="#concept-empty-collection" class="internalDFN">EmptyCollection</a></td><td><a title="empty collection" href="#concept-empty-collection" class="internalDFN">... prov:type='prov:EmptyCollection' ...</a></td></tr>
<tr class="component6-color"><td><a href="#concept-membership" class="internalDFN">Membership</a></td><td><a title="hadMember" href="#dfn-hadmember" class="internalDFN">hadMember(c,e)</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
@@ -2175,15 +2433,15 @@
illustrated with PROV-N examples.</p>
-<div id="component1" class="section">
+<section id="component1">
<h3><span class="secno">5.1 </span>Component 1: Entities and Activities</h3>
<p>The first component of PROV-DM is concerned with <a title="entity" href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">entities</a> and <a title="activity" href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">activities</a>, and their interrelations: Used (<a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>), WasGeneratedBy (<a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a>), WasStartedBy (<a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a>), WasEndedBy (<a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a>), WasInvalidatedBy (<a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</a>), and WasInformedBy (<a href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN">Communication</a>). <a href="#figure-component1">Figure 5</a> uses UML to depict the first component.
-Core structures are displayed in the yellow area, consisting of two classes (<a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a>, <a href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a>) and three binary associations between them: Used (<a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>), WasGeneratedBy (<a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a>), and WasInformedBy (<a href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN">Communication</a>). The rest of the figure displays extended structures, including UML association classes (see [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-UML">UML</a></cite>], section 7.3.4, p. 42), represented in gray, to express expanded n-ary relations for Used (<a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>), WasGeneratedBy (<a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a>), WasInvalidatedBy (<a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</a>), WasStartedBy (<a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a>), WasEndedBy (<a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a>). The figure also makes explicit associations with <em>time</em> for these concepts (time being marked with the primitive stereotype). When not specified, cardinality is assumed to be 0..*.
+Core structures are displayed in the yellow area, consisting of two classes (<a>Entity</a>, <a>Activity</a>) and three binary associations between them: Used (<a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>), WasGeneratedBy (<a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a>), and WasInformedBy (<a href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN">Communication</a>). The rest of the figure displays extended structures, including UML association classes (see [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-UML">UML</a></cite>], section 7.3.4, p. 42), represented in gray, to express expanded n-ary relations for Used (<a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>), WasGeneratedBy (<a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a>), WasInvalidatedBy (<a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</a>), WasStartedBy (<a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a>), WasEndedBy (<a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a>). The figure also makes explicit associations with <em>time</em> for these concepts (time being marked with the primitive stereotype). When not specified, cardinality is assumed to be 0..*.
</p>
<div style="text-align: center;">
-<span class="figure" style="max-width: 95%; ">
+<span class="figure" id="fig-figure-5-entities-and-activities-component-overview-informative" style="max-width: 95%; ">
<img src="uml/component1.png" alt="entities and activities"><br>
<span class="figcaption" id="figure-component1">Figure 5<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#figure-component1"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> Entities and Activities Component Overview (Informative)</span> <!-- Figure 5 -->
</span>
@@ -2193,7 +2451,7 @@
- <div id="term-entity" class="section">
+ <section id="term-entity">
<h4><span class="secno">5.1.1 </span>Entity</h4>
@@ -2218,9 +2476,9 @@
- </div>
-
- <div id="term-Activity" class="section">
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="term-Activity">
<h4><span class="secno">5.1.2 </span>Activity</h4>
@@ -2248,14 +2506,14 @@
<p>Further considerations:</p>
<ul>
<li>An activity is not an entity. This distinction is similar to the distinction between
-'continuant' and 'occurrent' in logic [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-Logic">Logic</a></cite>].
+'continuant' and 'occurrent' in logic [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-Logic">Logic</a></cite>].
</li>
</ul>
-</div>
-
-<div id="term-Generation" class="section">
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Generation">
<h4><span class="secno">5.1.3 </span>Generation</h4>
<div class="glossary-ref"> <dfn id="concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-generation"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is the completion of production of a new entity by an activity. This entity did not exist before generation and becomes available for usage after this generation. </div>
@@ -2301,10 +2559,10 @@
</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<div id="term-Usage" class="section">
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="term-Usage">
<h4><span class="secno">5.1.4 </span>Usage</h4>
<p><span class="glossary-ref"> <dfn id="concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-usage"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is the beginning of utilizing an entity by an activity. Before usage, the activity had not begun to utilize this entity and could not have been affected by the entity. </span> (Note: This definition is formulated for a given usage; it is permitted for an activity to have used a same entity multiple times.)</p>
@@ -2343,9 +2601,9 @@
-</div>
-
-<div id="term-Communication" class="section">
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Communication">
<h4><span class="secno">5.1.5 </span>Communication</h4>
<div class="glossary-ref"> <dfn id="concept-communication" class="internalDFN">Communication</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-communication"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is the exchange of some unspecified entity by two activities, one activity using some entity generated by the other. </div>
@@ -2378,9 +2636,9 @@
</pre>
The last line indicates that some implicit entity was generated by <span class="name">a1</span> and used by <span class="name">a2</span>; this entity may be a traffic ticket that had a notice of fine, amount, and payment mailing details.
</div>
-</div>
-
-<div id="term-Start" class="section">
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Start">
<h4><span class="secno">5.1.6 </span>Start</h4>
<div class="glossary-ref"> <dfn id="concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-start"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is when an activity is deemed to have been started by an entity, known as <dfn id="concept-start-trigger" class="internalDFN">trigger</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-start-trigger"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>. The activity did not exist before its start. Any usage, generation, or invalidation involving an activity follows the activity's start. A start may refer to a trigger entity that set off the activity, or to an activity, known as <dfn id="concept-start-starter" class="internalDFN">starter</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-start-starter"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>, that generated the trigger. </div>
@@ -2455,9 +2713,9 @@
<p>The relations wasStartedBy and used are orthogonal, and thus need to be expressed independently, according to the situation being described.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div id="term-End" class="section">
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-End">
<h4><span class="secno">5.1.7 </span>End</h4>
<div class="glossary-ref"> <dfn id="concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-end"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is when an activity is deemed to have been ended by an entity, known as <dfn id="concept-end-trigger" class="internalDFN">trigger</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-end-trigger"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>. The activity no longer exists after its end. Any usage, generation, or invalidation involving an activity precedes the activity's end. An end may refer to a trigger entity that terminated the activity, or to an activity, known as <dfn id="concept-end-ender" class="internalDFN">ender</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-end-ender"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> that generated the trigger. </div>
@@ -2487,9 +2745,9 @@
wasEndedBy(a1, e1)
</pre>
</div>
-</div>
-
-<div id="term-Invalidation" class="section">
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Invalidation">
<h4><span class="secno">5.1.8 </span>Invalidation</h4>
@@ -2588,38 +2846,38 @@
</div>
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-</div>
-
-
-<div id="component2" class="section">
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="component2">
<h3><span class="secno">5.2 </span>Component 2: Derivations</h3>
-<p>The second component of PROV-DM is concerned with: <a title="derivation" href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">derivations</a> of <a title="entity" href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">entities</a> from other entities and derivation subtypes WasRevisionOf (<a href="#concept-revision" class="internalDFN">Revision</a>), WasQuotedFrom (<a href="#concept-quotation" class="internalDFN">Quotation</a>), and HasPrimarySource (<a href="#concept-primary-source" class="internalDFN">Primary Source</a>).
+<p>The second component of PROV-DM is concerned with: <a title="derivation" href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">derivations</a> of <a title="entity" href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">entities</a> from other entities and derivation subtypes WasRevisionOf (<a>Revision</a>), WasQuotedFrom (<a>Quotation</a>), and HasPrimarySource (<a>Primary Source</a>).
<a href="#figure-component2">Figure 6</a> depicts the third component
with PROV core structures in the yellow area, including two classes
-(<a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a>, <a href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a>) and binary association WasDerivedFrom
-(<a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">Derivation</a>). PROV extended structures are found outside this
+(<a>Entity</a>, <a>Activity</a>) and binary association WasDerivedFrom
+(<a>Derivation</a>). PROV extended structures are found outside this
area. UML association classes express expanded n-ary relations.
The subclasses are marked by the UML stereotype "prov:type" to indicate that the corresponding types are valid values for the attribute <a href="#term-attribute-type">prov:type</a>.
</p>
<div style="text-align: center;">
-<span class="figure" style="max-width: 95%; ">
+<span class="figure" id="fig-figure-6-derivation-component-overview-informative" style="max-width: 95%; ">
<img src="uml/component2.png" alt="derivation"><br>
<span class="figcaption" id="figure-component2">Figure 6<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#figure-component2"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> Derivation Component Overview (Informative)</span> <!-- Figure 6 -->
</span>
</div>
-<div id="term-Derivation" class="section">
+<section id="term-Derivation">
<h4><span class="secno">5.2.1 </span>Derivation</h4>
@@ -2670,9 +2928,9 @@
-</div>
-
-<div id="term-revision" class="section">
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-revision">
<h4><span class="secno">5.2.2 </span>Revision</h4>
<p><span class="glossary-ref"> A <dfn id="concept-revision" class="internalDFN">revision</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-revision"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is a derivation for which the resulting entity is a revised version of some original. </span></p>
@@ -2705,9 +2963,9 @@
-</div> <!-- end revision -->
-
-<div id="term-quotation" class="section">
+</section> <!-- end revision -->
+
+<section id="term-quotation">
<h4><span class="secno">5.2.3 </span>Quotation</h4>
<p>
@@ -2745,10 +3003,10 @@
</div>
-</div> <!-- end quotation -->
-
-
-<div id="term-primary-source" class="section">
+</section> <!-- end quotation -->
+
+
+<section id="term-primary-source">
<h4><span class="secno">5.2.4 </span>Primary Source</h4>
<p>
@@ -2795,38 +3053,38 @@
-</div> <!-- end primary source -->
-
-
-</div>
-
-<div id="component3" class="section">
+</section> <!-- end primary source -->
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="component3">
<h3><span class="secno">5.3 </span>Component 3: Agents, Responsibility, and Influence</h3>
<p>The third component of PROV-DM, depicted in <a href="#figure-component3">Figure 7</a>, is concerned with <a title="agent" href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">agents</a> and the relations WasAttributedTo
-(<a href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">Attribution</a>), WasAssociatedWith (<a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">Association</a>), ActedOnBehalfOf (<a href="#concept-delegation" class="internalDFN">Delegation</a>), relating agents to entities, activities, and agents, respectively.
- Core structures are displayed in the yellow area and include three classes and three binary associations. Outside the yellow area, extended structures comprise UML association classes to express expanded n-ary relations, and subclasses <a href="#concept-plan" class="internalDFN">Plan</a>, <a href="#concept-person" class="internalDFN">Person</a>, <a title="software-agent" href="#concept-software-agent" class="internalDFN">SofwareAgent</a>, and <a href="#concept-organization" class="internalDFN">Organization</a>. The subclasses are marked by the UML stereotype "prov:type" to indicate that that these are valid values for the attribute <a href="#term-attribute-type">prov:type</a>.
+(<a href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">Attribution</a>), WasAssociatedWith (<a>Association</a>), ActedOnBehalfOf (<a href="#concept-delegation" class="internalDFN">Delegation</a>), relating agents to entities, activities, and agents, respectively.
+ Core structures are displayed in the yellow area and include three classes and three binary associations. Outside the yellow area, extended structures comprise UML association classes to express expanded n-ary relations, and subclasses <a>Plan</a>, <a>Person</a>, <a title="software-agent" href="#concept-software-agent" class="internalDFN">SofwareAgent</a>, and <a href="#concept-organization" class="internalDFN">Organization</a>. The subclasses are marked by the UML stereotype "prov:type" to indicate that that these are valid values for the attribute <a href="#term-attribute-type">prov:type</a>.
</p>
<div style="text-align: center;">
-<span class="figure" style="max-width: 95%; ">
+<span class="figure" id="fig-figure-7-agents-and-responsibility-overview-informative" style="max-width: 95%; ">
<img src="uml/component3.png" alt="agents and responsibilities"><br>
<span class="figcaption" id="figure-component3">Figure 7<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#figure-component3"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> Agents and Responsibility Overview (Informative)</span> <!-- Figure 7 -->
</span>
</div>
-<p>Component 3 further defines a general notion of <a href="#concept-influence" class="internalDFN">influence</a>, a relation implied by all relations defined so far. <a href="#figure-component3b">Figure 8</a> displays one new association class, generalizing previously introduced associations.</p>
+<p>Component 3 further defines a general notion of <a>influence</a>, a relation implied by all relations defined so far. <a href="#figure-component3b">Figure 8</a> displays one new association class, generalizing previously introduced associations.</p>
<div style="text-align: center;">
-<span class="figure" style="max-width: 95%; ">
+<span class="figure" id="fig-figure-8-influence-overview-informative" style="max-width: 95%; ">
<img src="uml/Component3b.png" alt="Influence Overview"><br>
<span class="figcaption" id="figure-component3b">Figure 8<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#figure-component3b"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> Influence Overview (Informative)</span> <!-- Figure 8 -->
</span>
</div>
-<div id="term-agent" class="section">
+<section id="term-agent">
<h4><span class="secno">5.3.1 </span>Agent</h4>
<div class="glossary-ref"> An <dfn id="concept-agent" class="internalDFN">agent</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-agent"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is something that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place, for the existence of an entity, or for another agent's activity. </div>
@@ -2875,9 +3133,9 @@
<p>It is optional to specify the type of an agent. When present, it is expressed using the <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute.</p>
</div>
-</div>
-
-<div id="term-attribution" class="section">
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-attribution">
<h4><span class="secno">5.3.2 </span>Attribution</h4>
<div class="glossary-ref"> <dfn id="concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">Attribution</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-attribution"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is the ascribing of an entity to an agent. </div>
@@ -2906,10 +3164,10 @@
</pre>
</div>
-</div> <!-- end attribution -->
-
-
-<div id="term-Association" class="section">
+</section> <!-- end attribution -->
+
+
+<section id="term-Association">
<h4><span class="secno">5.3.3 </span>Association</h4>
<div class="glossary-ref"> An activity <dfn id="concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">association</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-activityAssociation"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is an assignment of responsibility to an agent for an activity, indicating that the agent had a role in the activity. It further allows for a plan to be specified, which is the plan intended by the agent to achieve some goals in the context of this activity. </div>
@@ -2962,9 +3220,9 @@
-</div> <!-- end wasAssociatedWith -->
-
-<div id="term-delegation" class="section">
+</section> <!-- end wasAssociatedWith -->
+
+<section id="term-delegation">
<h4><span class="secno">5.3.4 </span>Delegation</h4>
@@ -3016,9 +3274,9 @@
</li>
</ul>
-->
-</div>
-
-<div id="term-influence" class="section">
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-influence">
<h4><span class="secno">5.3.5 </span>Influence</h4>
<p>
@@ -3041,14 +3299,14 @@
</ul></div>
<p>
-<a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>, <a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">start</a>, <a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">end</a>, <a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">generation</a>, <a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">invalidation</a>, <a href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN">communication</a>, <a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">derivation</a>, <a href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">attribution</a>, <a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">association</a>, and <a href="#concept-delegation" class="internalDFN">delegation</a> are also <a href="#concept-influence" class="internalDFN">influence</a>. It is <em class="rfc2119" title="recommended">recommended</em> to adopt these more specific relations when writing provenance descriptions. It is anticipated that the <a href="#concept-influence" class="internalDFN">Influence</a> relation may be useful to express queries over provenance information.
+<a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>, <a>start</a>, <a>end</a>, <a>generation</a>, <a>invalidation</a>, <a>communication</a>, <a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">derivation</a>, <a>attribution</a>, <a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">association</a>, and <a>delegation</a> are also <a>influence</a>. It is <em class="rfc2119" title="recommended">recommended</em> to adopt these more specific relations when writing provenance descriptions. It is anticipated that the <a href="#concept-influence" class="internalDFN">Influence</a> relation may be useful to express queries over provenance information.
</p>
<div id="mapping-relations-to-influence-table_text" style="text-align: left;">
The following table establishes the correspondence between
the attributes <a class="attribute" href="#influence.influencee">influencee</a> and <a class="attribute" href="#influence.influencer">influencer</a>, and attributes of
-<a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">usage</a>, <a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">start</a>, <a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">end</a>, <a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">generation</a>, <a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">invalidation</a>, <a href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN">communication</a>, <a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">derivation</a>, <a href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">attribution</a>, <a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">association</a>, and <a href="#concept-delegation" class="internalDFN">delegation</a>.
+<a>usage</a>, <a>start</a>, <a>end</a>, <a>generation</a>, <a>invalidation</a>, <a>communication</a>, <a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">derivation</a>, <a>attribution</a>, <a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">association</a>, and <a>delegation</a>.
<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<caption id="mapping-relations-to-influence-table"><span>Table 7<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#mapping-relations-to-influence-table"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> </span>Mapping Relations to Influence</caption> <!-- Table 7-->
@@ -3064,20 +3322,20 @@
<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-<tr class="component2-color"><td><a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">Derivation</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#derivation.generatedEntity">generatedEntity</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#derivation.usedEntity">usedEntity</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component2-color"><td><a>Derivation</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#derivation.generatedEntity">generatedEntity</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#derivation.usedEntity">usedEntity</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
<tr class="component3-color"><td><a href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">Attribution</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#attribution.entity">entity</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#attribution.agent">agent</a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component3-color"><td><a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">Association</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#association.activity">activity</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#association.agent">agent</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td><a>Association</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#association.activity">activity</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#association.agent">agent</a></td></tr>
<tr class="component3-color"><td><a href="#concept-delegation" class="internalDFN">Delegation</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#delegation.delegate">delegate</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#delegation.responsible">responsible</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="anexample" id="influence-example"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 39<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#influence-example"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
-<p>We refer to the example of <a class="section-ref" href="#section-example-two"><span>Section 4.2</span></a>, and specifically to <a href="#prov-a-document2-top">Figure 3</a>.
+<p>We refer to the example of <a class="section-ref" href="#section-example-two"><span>Section 4.2</span></a>, and specifically to <a href="#prov-a-document2-top" class="fig-ref">Figure 3</a>.
We could have expressed that the influence of
<span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>
on <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>.
@@ -3091,23 +3349,23 @@
-</div>
-
-
-</div>
-
-
-
-<div id="component4" class="section">
+</section>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="component4">
<h3><span class="secno">5.4 </span>Component 4: Bundles</h3>
<p>The fourth component of PROV-DM is concerned with bundles, a mechanism to support provenance of provenance.
-<a href="#figure-component4">Figure 9</a> depicts a UML class diagram for the fourth component. It comprises a <a href="#concept-bundle" class="internalDFN">Bundle</a> class defined as a subclass of <a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a>.
+<a href="#figure-component4">Figure 9</a> depicts a UML class diagram for the fourth component. It comprises a <a>Bundle</a> class defined as a subclass of <a>Entity</a>.
</p>
<div style="text-align: center;">
-<span class="figure" style="max-width: 95%; ">
+<span class="figure" id="fig-figure-9-bundle-component-overview-informative" style="max-width: 95%; ">
<img src="uml/component4.png" alt="bundles"><br>
<span class="figcaption" id="figure-component4">Figure 9<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#figure-component4"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> Bundle Component Overview (Informative)</span>
@@ -3116,7 +3374,7 @@
-<div id="term-bundle" class="section">
+<section id="term-bundle">
<h4><span class="secno">5.4.1 </span>Bundle constructor</h4>
@@ -3141,13 +3399,13 @@
</div>
<p>There may be other kinds of bundles not directly expressible by this constructor, such as provenance descriptions handwritten on a letter or a whiteboard, etc. Whatever the means by which bundles are expressed, all can be described, as in the following section.</p>
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-<div id="term-bundle-entity" class="section">
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="term-bundle-entity">
<h4><span class="secno">5.4.2 </span>Bundle Type</h4>
@@ -3242,13 +3500,13 @@
</p></div>
-</div>
-
-
-</div>
-
-
-<div id="component5" class="section">
+</section>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="component5">
<h3><span class="secno">5.5 </span>Component 5: Alternate Entities</h3>
@@ -3260,7 +3518,7 @@
<div style="text-align: center;">
-<span class="figure" style="max-width: 95%; ">
+<span class="figure" id="fig-figure-10-alternates-component-overview-informative" style="max-width: 95%; ">
<img src="uml/component5.png" alt="alternates"><br>
<span class="figcaption" id="figure-component5">Figure 10<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#figure-component5"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> Alternates Component Overview (Informative)</span>
</span>
@@ -3276,7 +3534,7 @@
that allow entities to be linked together. They are defined as follows. </p>
-<div id="term-specialization" class="section">
+<section id="term-specialization">
<h4><span class="secno">5.5.1 </span>Specialization</h4>
@@ -3320,9 +3578,9 @@
-</div>
-
-<div id="term-alternate" class="section">
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-alternate">
<h4><span class="secno">5.5.2 </span>Alternate</h4>
@@ -3377,12 +3635,12 @@
<p>They are both specialization of the page <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>.</p>
</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<div id="component6" class="section">
+</section>
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="component6">
<h3><span class="secno">5.6 </span>Component 6: Collections</h3>
<p>The sixth component of PROV-DM is concerned with the notion of collections.
@@ -3394,14 +3652,14 @@
<div style="text-align: center;">
-<span class="figure" style="max-width: 95%; ">
+<span class="figure" id="fig-figure-11-collections-component-overview-informative" style="max-width: 95%; ">
<img src="uml/component6.png" alt="collection"><br>
<span class="figcaption" id="figure-component6">Figure 11<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#figure-component6"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> Collections Component Overview (Informative)</span>
</span>
</div>
-<div id="term-collection" class="section">
+<section id="term-collection">
<h4><span class="secno">5.6.1 </span>Collection</h4>
<span class="glossary-ref"> A <dfn id="concept-collection" class="internalDFN">collection</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-collection"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is an entity that provides a structure to some constituents that must themselves be entities. These constituents are said to be <dfn id="dfn-member-of" class="internalDFN">member of</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-member-of"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> the collections. </span>
@@ -3425,9 +3683,9 @@
</div>
-</div>
-
-<div id="term-membership" class="section">
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-membership">
<h4><span class="secno">5.6.2 </span>Membership</h4>
<p>A <strong>membership</strong> relation is defined, to allow stating the members of a Collection. </p>
@@ -3462,18 +3720,18 @@
</div>
-</div>
+</section>
-</div> <!-- end collections-->
-
-
-
-
-
-<div id="second-class-elements" class="section">
+</section> <!-- end collections-->
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="second-class-elements">
<h3><span class="secno">5.7 </span>Further Elements of PROV-DM</h3>
This section introduces further elements of PROV-DM.
@@ -3481,7 +3739,7 @@
-<div id="term-identifier" class="section">
+<section id="term-identifier">
<h4><span class="secno">5.7.1 </span>Identifier</h4>
<p>
@@ -3489,13 +3747,13 @@
name</a>.
</p>
-<p><a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a>, <a href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a>, and <a href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a> have a mandatory identifier. Two entities (resp. activities, agents) are equal if they have the same identifier.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a>, <a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>, <a href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN">Communication</a>, <a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a>, <a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a>, <a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</a>, <a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">Derivation</a>, <a href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">Attribution</a>, <a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">Association</a>, <a href="#concept-delegation" class="internalDFN">Delegation</a>, <a href="#concept-influence" class="internalDFN">Influence</a> have an optional identifier. Two generations (resp. usages, communications, etc.) are equal if they have the same identifier.
-
-</p></div>
-
-<div id="term-attribute" class="section">
+<p><a>Entity</a>, <a>Activity</a>, and <a>Agent</a> have a mandatory identifier. Two entities (resp. activities, agents) are equal if they have the same identifier.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a>, <a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>, <a href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN">Communication</a>, <a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a>, <a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a>, <a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</a>, <a>Derivation</a>, <a href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">Attribution</a>, <a>Association</a>, <a href="#concept-delegation" class="internalDFN">Delegation</a>, <a href="#concept-influence" class="internalDFN">Influence</a> have an optional identifier. Two generations (resp. usages, communications, etc.) are equal if they have the same identifier.
+
+</p></section>
+
+<section id="term-attribute">
<h4><span class="secno">5.7.2 </span>Attribute</h4>
<p>An <dfn title="dfn-attribute" id="dfn-attribute" class="internalDFN">attribute</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-attribute"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is a <a href="#concept-qualifiedName" class="internalDFN">qualified name</a>.
@@ -3509,11 +3767,11 @@
<caption id="attributes-at-a-glance"><span>Table 8<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#attributes-at-a-glance"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> </span>PROV-DM Attributes At a Glance</caption> <!-- Table 8 -->
<tbody><tr><td><b>Attribute</b></td><td><b>Allowed In</b></td><td><b>value</b></td><td><b>Section</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a title="label" href="#concept-label" class="internalDFN">prov:label</a></td><td><em>any construct</em></td><td>A <a href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a> of type <a class="section-ref" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-2/#string">xsd:string</a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-attribute-label"><span>Section 5.7.2.1</span></a> </td></tr>
-<tr><td><a title="location" href="#concept-location" class="internalDFN">prov:location</a></td><td><a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a>, <a href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a>, <a href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a>, <a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>, <a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a>, <a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</a>, <a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a>, and <a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a></td><td>A <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-attribute-location"><span>Section 5.7.2.2</span></a> </td></tr>
-<tr><td><a title="role" href="#concept-role" class="internalDFN">prov:role</a></td><td><a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>, <a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a>, <a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</a>, <a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">Association</a>, <a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a>, and <a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a></td><td>A <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-attribute-role"><span>Section 5.7.2.3</span></a> </td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="label" href="#concept-label" class="internalDFN">prov:label</a></td><td><em>any construct</em></td><td>A <a>Value</a> of type <a class="section-ref" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-2/#string">xsd:string</a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-attribute-label"><span>Section 5.7.2.1</span></a> </td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="location" href="#concept-location" class="internalDFN">prov:location</a></td><td><a>Entity</a>, <a>Activity</a>, <a>Agent</a>, <a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>, <a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a>, <a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</a>, <a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a>, and <a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a></td><td>A <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-attribute-location"><span>Section 5.7.2.2</span></a> </td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="role" href="#concept-role" class="internalDFN">prov:role</a></td><td><a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>, <a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a>, <a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</a>, <a>Association</a>, <a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a>, and <a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a></td><td>A <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-attribute-role"><span>Section 5.7.2.3</span></a> </td></tr>
<tr><td><a title="type" href="#concept-type" class="internalDFN">prov:type</a></td><td><em>any construct</em></td><td>A <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-attribute-type"><span>Section 5.7.2.4</span></a> </td></tr>
-<tr><td><a title="value-attribute" href="#concept-value-attribute" class="internalDFN">prov:value</a></td><td><a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td><td>A <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-attribute-value"><span>Section 5.7.2.5</span></a> </td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="value-attribute" href="#concept-value-attribute" class="internalDFN">prov:value</a></td><td><a>Entity</a></td><td>A <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-attribute-value"><span>Section 5.7.2.5</span></a> </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
@@ -3521,7 +3779,7 @@
-<div id="term-attribute-label" class="section">
+<section id="term-attribute-label">
<h5><span class="secno">5.7.2.1 </span>prov:label</h5>
@@ -3538,10 +3796,10 @@
<pre class="codeexample"> entity(ex:car01, [ prov:label="Voiture 01"@fr, prov:label="Car 01"@en ])
</pre>
</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<div id="term-attribute-location" class="section">
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="term-attribute-location">
<h5><span class="secno">5.7.2.2 </span>prov:location</h5>
<p><span class="glossary-ref"> A <dfn id="concept-location" title="location" class="internalDFN">location</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-location"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> can be an identifiable geographic place (ISO 19112), but it can also be a non-geographic place such as a directory, row, or column. </span>
@@ -3550,7 +3808,7 @@
<p>
-The attribute <span class="name">prov:location</span> is an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> attribute of <a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a>, <a href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a>, <a href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a>, <a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>, <a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a>, <a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</a>, <a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a>, and <a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a>. The value associated with the attribute <span class="name">prov:location</span> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be a PROV-DM <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a>, expected to denote a location.
+The attribute <span class="name">prov:location</span> is an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> attribute of <a>Entity</a>, <a>Activity</a>, <a>Agent</a>, <a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>, <a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a>, <a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</a>, <a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a>, and <a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a>. The value associated with the attribute <span class="name">prov:location</span> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be a PROV-DM <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a>, expected to denote a location.
</p>
<p>While the attribute <span class="name">prov:location</span> is allowed for several PROV concepts, it may not make sense to use it in some cases. For example, an activity that describes the relocation of an entity will have start and end locations, as well as every place in between those points.</p>
@@ -3563,15 +3821,15 @@
<pre class="codeexample"> entity(ex:cell, [ prov:location="(5,5)", prov:value="10" %% xsd:integer ])
</pre>
</div>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<div id="term-attribute-role" class="section">
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="term-attribute-role">
<h5><span class="secno">5.7.2.3 </span>prov:role</h5>
-<p><span class="glossary-ref"> A <dfn id="concept-role" class="internalDFN">role</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-role"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is the function of an entity or agent with respect to an activity, in the context of a <a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">usage</a>, <a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">generation</a>, <a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">invalidation</a>, <a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">association</a>, <a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">start</a>, and <a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">end</a>. </span></p>
+<p><span class="glossary-ref"> A <dfn id="concept-role" class="internalDFN">role</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-role"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is the function of an entity or agent with respect to an activity, in the context of a <a>usage</a>, <a>generation</a>, <a>invalidation</a>, <a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">association</a>, <a>start</a>, and <a>end</a>. </span></p>
<p>
The attribute <span class="name">prov:role</span> is allowed to occur multiple times in a list of attribute-value pairs. The value associated with a <span class="name">prov:role</span> attribute <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be a PROV-DM <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a>.</p>
@@ -3584,9 +3842,9 @@
<pre class="codeexample">used(ex:div01, ex:cell, [ prov:role="divisor" ])
</pre>
</div>
-</div>
-
-<div id="term-attribute-type" class="section">
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-attribute-type">
<h5><span class="secno">5.7.2.4 </span>prov:type</h5>
<p><span class="glossary-ref"> The attribute <dfn id="concept-type" title="type" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:type</span></dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-type"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> provides further typing information for any construct with an optional set of attribute-value pairs. </span></p>
@@ -3610,22 +3868,22 @@
<caption id="prov-dm-predefined-types"><span>Table 9<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#prov-dm-predefined-types"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> </span>PROV-DM Predefined Types</caption> <!-- Table 9 -->
<tbody><tr><td><b>Type</b></td><td><b>Specification</b></td><td><b>Core concept</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a title="bundle" href="#concept-bundle" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:Bundle</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-bundle"><span>Section 5.4.1</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a title="collection" href="#concept-collection" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:Collection</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-collection"><span>Section 5.6.1</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a title="empty collection" href="#concept-empty-collection" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:EmptyCollection</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-collection"><span>Section 5.6.1</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a title="organization" href="#concept-organization" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:Organization</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-agent"><span>Section 5.3.1</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a title="person" href="#concept-person" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:Person</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-agent"><span>Section 5.3.1</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a title="plan" href="#concept-plan" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:Plan</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-entity"><span>Section 5.1.1</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a title="primary source" href="#concept-primary-source" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:PrimarySource</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-primary-source"><span>Section 5.2.4</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">Derivation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a title="Quotation" href="#concept-quotation" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:Quotation</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-quotation"><span>Section 5.2.3</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">Derivation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a title="Revision" href="#concept-revision" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:Revision</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-revision"><span>Section 5.2.2</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">Derivation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a title="software-agent" href="#concept-software-agent" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:SoftwareAgent</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-agent"><span>Section 5.3.1</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="bundle" href="#concept-bundle" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:Bundle</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-bundle"><span>Section 5.4.1</span></a></td><td><a>Entity</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="collection" href="#concept-collection" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:Collection</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-collection"><span>Section 5.6.1</span></a></td><td><a>Entity</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="empty collection" href="#concept-empty-collection" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:EmptyCollection</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-collection"><span>Section 5.6.1</span></a></td><td><a>Entity</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="organization"><span class="name">prov:Organization</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-agent"><span>Section 5.3.1</span></a></td><td><a>Agent</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="person" href="#concept-person" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:Person</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-agent"><span>Section 5.3.1</span></a></td><td><a>Agent</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="plan" href="#concept-plan" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:Plan</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-entity"><span>Section 5.1.1</span></a></td><td><a>Entity</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="primary source" href="#concept-primary-source" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:PrimarySource</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-primary-source"><span>Section 5.2.4</span></a></td><td><a>Derivation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="Quotation"><span class="name">prov:Quotation</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-quotation"><span>Section 5.2.3</span></a></td><td><a>Derivation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="Revision"><span class="name">prov:Revision</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-revision"><span>Section 5.2.2</span></a></td><td><a>Derivation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="software-agent" href="#concept-software-agent" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:SoftwareAgent</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-agent"><span>Section 5.3.1</span></a></td><td><a>Agent</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
-</div>
-
-
-<div id="term-attribute-value" class="section">
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="term-attribute-value">
<h5><span class="secno">5.7.2.5 </span>prov:value</h5>
<p><span class="glossary-ref"> The attribute <dfn id="concept-value-attribute" title="value-attribute" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:value</span></dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-value-attribute"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> provides a value that is a direct representation of an entity as a PROV-DM <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a>. </span></p>
@@ -3669,13 +3927,13 @@
</div>
-</div>
-
-
-
-</div>
-
-<div id="term-value" class="section">
+</section>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-value">
<h4><span class="secno">5.7.3 </span>Value</h4>
<p><span class="glossary-ref"> A <dfn id="concept-value" title="value" class="internalDFN">value</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-value"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is a constant such as a string, number, time, qualified name, IRI, and encoded binary data, whose interpretation is outside the scope of PROV. </span> Values can occur in attribute-value pairs. </p>
@@ -3683,8 +3941,8 @@
<p>Each kind of such values is called a <em>datatype</em>.
Use of the following data types is <em class="rfc2119" title="recommended">recommended</em>. </p>
<ul>
-<li> The RDF-compatible [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">RDF-CONCEPTS</a></cite>] types, including those taken from
-the set of XML Schema Datatypes [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">XMLSCHEMA11-2</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> The RDF-compatible [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">RDF-CONCEPTS</a></cite>] types, including those taken from
+the set of XML Schema Datatypes [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">XMLSCHEMA11-2</a></cite>];</li>
<li> Qualified names introduced in this specification.</li>
</ul>
<p>
@@ -3693,19 +3951,19 @@
-<p id="conformance-to-rdf-datatypes"><b>Conformance to RDF Datatypes</b> As of the publication of this document, RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-CONCEPTS11">RDF-CONCEPTS11</a></cite>] is not yet a <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation (see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/">http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/</a> for the latest version).
-Both the PROV Working Group and the RDF Working Group are confident that there will be only minor changes before it becomes a <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation. In order to take advantage of the anticipated corrections and new features sooner, while also providing stability in case the specification does not advance as expected, conformance to PROV as it relates to RDF Datatypes is defined as follows:</p>
+<p id="conformance-to-rdf-datatypes"><b>Conformance to RDF Datatypes</b> As of the publication of this document, RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF-CONCEPTS11">RDF-CONCEPTS11</a></cite>] is not yet a <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Recommendation (see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/">http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/</a> for the latest version).
+Both the PROV Working Group and the RDF Working Group are confident that there will be only minor changes before it becomes a <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Recommendation. In order to take advantage of the anticipated corrections and new features sooner, while also providing stability in case the specification does not advance as expected, conformance to PROV as it relates to RDF Datatypes is defined as follows:</p>
<ul>
-<li>If RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax becomes a <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation, all references in PROV to
+<li>If RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax becomes a <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Recommendation, all references in PROV to
RDF Concepts and Abstract Syntax will be normative references to the 1.1 Recommendation.
</li><li>Until that time, references in PROV to RDF Concepts and Abstract Syntax features operate as follows:
<ul>
-<li> If RDF 1.0 defines the features, then the reference is normative to the 1.0 definition [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">RDF-CONCEPTS</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> If RDF 1.0 defines the features, then the reference is normative to the 1.0 definition [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">RDF-CONCEPTS</a></cite>];</li>
<li>otherwise, the feature is optional in PROV and the reference is informative only.</li>
</ul>
</li></ul>
-<p>This "change in normative reference" is effective as of the publication of RDF 1.1 as a <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation. However, <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> expects to publish a new edition of PROV once RDF 1.1 becomes a Recommendation to update the reference explicitly.</p>
+<p>This "change in normative reference" is effective as of the publication of RDF 1.1 as a <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Recommendation. However, <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> expects to publish a new edition of PROV once RDF 1.1 becomes a Recommendation to update the reference explicitly.</p>
@@ -3720,7 +3978,7 @@
"http://example.org/foo" %% xsd:anyURI
</pre>
<p>The following example shows a value of type <span class="name">prov:QUALIFIED_NAME</span> (see
-<span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">prov:QUALIFIED_NAME</a></span> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>]).
+<span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">prov:QUALIFIED_NAME</a></span> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>]).
The prefix <span class="name">ex</span> must be bound to a <a href="#dfn-namespace" class="internalDFN">namespace</a> declared in a <a href="#dfn-namespaceDeclaration" class="internalDFN">namespace declaration</a>.</p>
<pre class="codeexample">
"ex:value" %% prov:QUALIFIED_NAME
@@ -3731,24 +3989,24 @@
</pre>
</div>
-<p>We note that PROV <dfn title="time" id="dfn-time" class="internalDFN">time instants</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-time"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> are defined according to xsd:dateTime [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">XMLSCHEMA11-2</a></cite>].</p>
+<p>We note that PROV <dfn title="time" id="dfn-time" class="internalDFN">time instants</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-time"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> are defined according to xsd:dateTime [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">XMLSCHEMA11-2</a></cite>].</p>
<div class="anexample" id="anexample-time"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 55<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-time"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
<p>
In the following example, the generation time of entity <span class="name">e1</span> is expressed according to
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-2/#dateTime">xsd:dateTime</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">XMLSCHEMA11-2</a></cite>].</p>
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-2/#dateTime">xsd:dateTime</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">XMLSCHEMA11-2</a></cite>].</p>
<pre class="codeexample">
wasGeneratedBy(e1,a1, 2001-10-26T21:32:52)
</pre>
</div>
-</div>
-
-<div id="term-NamespaceDeclaration" class="section">
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-NamespaceDeclaration">
<h4><span class="secno">5.7.4 </span>Namespace Declaration</h4>
-<p>A <dfn id="dfn-namespace" class="internalDFN">namespace</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-namespace"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is identified by an IRI [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-IRI">IRI</a></cite>]. In PROV-DM, attributes, identifiers, and values with <a title="qualified name" href="#concept-qualifiedName" class="internalDFN">qualified names</a> as data type can be placed in a namespace using the mechanisms described in this specification. </p>
+<p>A <dfn id="dfn-namespace" class="internalDFN">namespace</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-namespace"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is identified by an IRI [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-IRI">IRI</a></cite>]. In PROV-DM, attributes, identifiers, and values with <a title="qualified name" href="#concept-qualifiedName" class="internalDFN">qualified names</a> as data type can be placed in a namespace using the mechanisms described in this specification. </p>
<p>A <dfn id="dfn-namespaceDeclaration" class="internalDFN">namespace declaration</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-namespaceDeclaration"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> consists of a binding between a prefix and a namespace. Every qualified name with this prefix in the scope of this
@@ -3759,9 +4017,9 @@
<p>The <dfn title="prov-namespace" id="dfn-prov-namespace" class="internalDFN">PROV namespace</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-prov-namespace"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is identified by the IRI <a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</a>.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div id="term-qualified-name" class="section">
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-qualified-name">
<h4><span class="secno">5.7.5 </span>Qualified Name</h4>
@@ -3774,18 +4032,18 @@
qualified name, it refers to a <a href="#dfn-namespace" class="internalDFN">namespace</a> declared in a namespace declaration. In the absence of prefix, the qualified name
refers to the <a title="default namespace declaration" href="#dfn-defaultNamespaceDeclaration" class="internalDFN">default namespace</a>.</p>
-</div>
-
-</div>
+</section>
+
+</section>
-</div>
+</section>
<!-- end sec. 5 -->
- <div id="extensibility-section" class="section">
+ <section id="extensibility-section">
<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">6. </span>PROV-DM Extensibility Points</h2>
@@ -3846,15 +4104,15 @@
</ul>
<p>The PROV data model is designed to be application and technology independent, but implementers are welcome and encouraged to specialize PROV-DM to specific domains and applications. To ensure interoperability, specializations of
-the PROV data model that exploit the extensibility points summarized in this section must preserve the semantics specified in this document and in [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>]. </p>
-
-
-
- </div>
-
-
-
-<div id="valid-provenance" class="section">
+the PROV data model that exploit the extensibility points summarized in this section must preserve the semantics specified in this document and in [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>]. </p>
+
+
+
+ </section>
+
+
+
+<section id="valid-provenance">
<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">7. </span>Creating Valid Provenance</h2>
@@ -3868,7 +4126,7 @@
express that an entity was used before it was generated, or that the
activity that generated an entity started after the entity
generation. A set of constraints have been defined for PROV and
-can be found in a companion specification [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>].
+can be found in a companion specification [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>].
They <em class="rfc2119" title="should">should</em> be used by developers to compose provenance descriptions that are valid, and
by implementers of reasoning engines aiming to check whether provenance descriptions have problems. </li>
@@ -3877,7 +4135,7 @@
<li>
<p> The example of <a href="#prov-dm-example">section 3</a> contains identifiers such as <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span>, which denotes a specific version of a technical report. On the other hand, an IRI such as <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a> denotes the latest version of a document. One needs to ensure that provenance descriptions for the latter resource remain valid as the resource state changes. </p>
-<p>To this end, PROV allows asserters to describe "<em>partial states</em>" of entities by means of attributes and associated values. Some further constraints apply to the use of these attributes, since the values associated with them are expected to remain unchanged for some period of time. The constraints associated to attributes allow provenance descriptions to be refined, they can also be found in the companion specification [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>].</p>
+<p>To this end, PROV allows asserters to describe "<em>partial states</em>" of entities by means of attributes and associated values. Some further constraints apply to the use of these attributes, since the values associated with them are expected to remain unchanged for some period of time. The constraints associated to attributes allow provenance descriptions to be refined, they can also be found in the companion specification [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>].</p>
</li>
@@ -3887,15 +4145,15 @@
</ul>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<div class="appendix section" id="cross-references-to-prov-o-and-prov-n">
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section class="appendix" id="cross-references-to-prov-o-and-prov-n">
<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">A. </span>Cross-References to PROV-O and PROV-N</h2>
<p>PROV-DM is a conceptual data model which can be serialized in various ways.
-The following table contains the PROV-O classes and properties, as described in [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>], and PROV-N productions, as described in [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>] that correspond to PROV-DM concepts.</p>
+The following table contains the PROV-O classes and properties, as described in [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>], and PROV-N productions, as described in [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>] that correspond to PROV-DM concepts.</p>
<div id="prov-dm-to-prov-o-and-prov-n-fig" style="text-align: left;">
<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
@@ -3904,13 +4162,13 @@
<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
<tr class="component1-color">
-<td><a title="Entity" href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td>
+<td><a title="Entity">Entity</a></td>
<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Entity">Entity</a></td>
<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-entityExpression">entityExpression</a></code>
</td><td rowspan="8"><a href="#component1">Component 1:<br> Entities/Activities</a></td></tr>
<tr class="component1-color">
-<td><a title="Activity" href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a></td>
+<td><a title="Activity">Activity</a></td>
<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Entity">Activity</a></td>
<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-activityExpression">activityExpression</a></code></td>
</tr>
@@ -3956,25 +4214,25 @@
<tr class="component2-color">
-<td><a title="Derivation" href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">Derivation</a></td>
+<td><a title="Derivation">Derivation</a></td>
<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasDerivedFrom">wasDerivedFrom</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Derivation">Derivation</a></td>
<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-derivationExpression">derivationExpression</a></code></td>
<td rowspan="4"><a href="#component2">Component 2:<br> Derivations</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="component2-color">
-<td class="provType"><a title="Revision" href="#concept-revision" class="internalDFN">Revision</a></td>
+<td class="provType"><a title="Revision">Revision</a></td>
<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasRevisionOf">wasRevisionOf</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Revision">Revision</a></td>
<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Revision">Revision</a></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="component2-color">
-<td class="provType"><a title="Quotation" href="#concept-quotation" class="internalDFN">Quotation</a></td>
+<td class="provType"><a title="Quotation">Quotation</a></td>
<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasQuotedFrom">wasQuotedFrom</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Quotation">Quotation</a></td>
<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Quotation">Quotation</a></code></td>
</tr>
-<tr class="component2-color"><td class="provType"><a title="Primary Source" href="#concept-primary-source" class="internalDFN">Primary Source</a></td>
+<tr class="component2-color"><td class="provType"><a title="Primary Source">Primary Source</a></td>
<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#hadPrimarySource">hadPrimarySource</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Source">Source</a></td>
<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Primary-Source">PrimarySource</a></code></td>
</tr>
@@ -3984,7 +4242,7 @@
<tr class="component3-color" style="border-collapse: collapse; ">
-<td><a title="Agent" href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a></td>
+<td><a title="Agent">Agent</a></td>
<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Agent">Agent</a></td>
<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-agentExpression">agentExpression</a></code></td>
<td rowspan="9"><a href="#component3">Component 3: <br>Agents, Responsibility, <br>Influence</a></td>
@@ -3997,7 +4255,7 @@
</tr>
<tr class="component3-color">
-<td><a title="Association" href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">Association</a></td>
+<td><a title="Association">Association</a></td>
<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasAssociatedWith">wasAssociatedWith</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Association">Association</a></td>
<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-associationExpression">associationExpression</a></code></td>
</tr>
@@ -4009,13 +4267,13 @@
</tr>
<tr class="component3-color">
-<td><a title="Plan" href="#concept-plan" class="internalDFN">Plan</a></td>
+<td><a title="Plan">Plan</a></td>
<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Plan">Plan</a></td>
<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Plan">Plan</a></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="component3-color">
-<td><a title="Person" href="#concept-person" class="internalDFN">Person</a></td>
+<td><a title="Person">Person</a></td>
<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Person">Person</a></td>
<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Person">Person</a></code></td>
</tr>
@@ -4059,14 +4317,14 @@
</tr>
<tr class="component5-color">
-<td><a title="Alternate" href="#concept-alternate" class="internalDFN">Alternate</a></td>
+<td><a title="Alternate">Alternate</a></td>
<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#alternateOf">alternateOf</a></td>
<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-alternateExpression">alternateExpression</a></code></td>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="#component4">Component 5: <br> Alternate</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="component5-color">
-<td><a title="Specialization" href="#concept-specialization" class="internalDFN">Specialization</a></td>
+<td><a title="Specialization">Specialization</a></td>
<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#specializationOf">specializationOf</a></td>
<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-specializationExpression">specializationExpression</a></code></td>
</tr>
@@ -4075,14 +4333,14 @@
</tr>
<tr class="component6-color">
-<td><a title="Collection" href="#concept-collection" class="internalDFN">Collection</a></td>
+<td><a title="Collection">Collection</a></td>
<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Collection">Collection</a></td>
<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Collection">Collection</a></code></td>
<td rowspan="3"><a href="#component6">Component 6: <br> Collections</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="component6-color">
-<td><a title="Empty Collection" href="#concept-empty-collection" class="internalDFN">EmptyCollection</a></td>
+<td><a title="Empty Collection">EmptyCollection</a></td>
<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#EmptyCollection">EmptyCollection</a></td>
<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-EmptyCollection">EmptyCollection</a></code></td>
</tr>
@@ -4094,9 +4352,9 @@
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="appendix section" id="changes-since-last-version">
+</section>
+
+<section class="appendix" id="changes-since-last-version">
<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">B. </span>Changes since last version</h2>
<p> Please see the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ResponsesToPublicComments">Responses to Public Comments on the Last Call Working Draft</a> for more details about the justification of these changes.</p>
@@ -4134,14 +4392,14 @@
</li><li> Moved feature at risk, Mention, to note document (prov-mention).
</li></ul>
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="appendix section" id="acknowledgements">
+</section>
+
+
+<section class="appendix" id="acknowledgements">
<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">C. </span>Acknowledgements</h2>
<p>
-This document has been produced by the PROV Working Group, and its contents reflect extensive discussion within the Working Group as a whole. The editors extend special thanks to Sandro Hawke (<acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>/<acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym>) and Ivan Herman (<acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>/<acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym>), W3C contacts for the PROV Working Group.
+This document has been produced by the PROV Working Group, and its contents reflect extensive discussion within the Working Group as a whole. The editors extend special thanks to Sandro Hawke (<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>/<abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr>) and Ivan Herman (<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>/<abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr>), <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> contacts for the PROV Working Group.
</p>
<p>
@@ -4160,8 +4418,6 @@
Antoine Zimmermann.
</p>
-
-
<p>
Members of the PROV Working Group at the time of publication of this document were:
@@ -4186,9 +4442,9 @@
Paul Groth (Vrije Universiteit),
Olaf Hartig (Invited expert),
David Hau (National Cancer Institute, NCI),
-Sandro Hawke (<acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>/<acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym>),
+Sandro Hawke (<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>/<abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr>),
Jörn Hees (German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) Gmbh),
-Ivan Herman, (<acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>/<acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym>),
+Ivan Herman, (<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>/<abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr>),
Ralph Hodgson (TopQuadrant),
Hook Hua (Invited expert),
Trung Dong Huynh (University of Southampton),
@@ -4223,27 +4479,25 @@
Jun Zhao (University of Oxford),
Yuting Zhao (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science).
</p>
- </div>
+ </section>
-
-
-<div id="references" class="appendix section"><!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">D. </span>References</h2><div id="normative-references" class="section"><h3><span class="secno">D.1 </span>Normative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-IRI">[IRI]</dt><dd>M. Duerst, M. Suignard. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><cite>Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRI).</cite></a> January 2005. Internet RFC 3987. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]</dt><dd>James Cheney, Paolo Missier, and Luc Moreau, eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/"><cite>Constraints of the PROV Data Model</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, Candidate Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/</a>.
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-N">[PROV-N]</dt><dd>Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier, eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/"><cite>PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, Candidate Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/</a>.
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-O">[PROV-O]</dt><dd>Timothy Lebo, Satya Sahoo, and Deborah McGuinness, eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, Candidate Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/</a>.
+<div id="GOOGLE_INPUT_CHEXT_FLAG" style="display: none; "></div><section id="references" class="appendix"><!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">D. </span>References</h2><section id="normative-references"><h3><span class="secno">D.1 </span>Normative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-IRI">[IRI]</dt><dd>M. Duerst, M. Suignard. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><cite>Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRI).</cite></a> January 2005. Internet RFC 3987. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]</dt><dd>James Cheney; Paolo Missier; Luc Moreau; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/"><cite>Constraints of the PROV Data Model</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, W3C Candidate Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-N">[PROV-N]</dt><dd>Luc Moreau; Paolo Missier; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/"><cite>PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, W3C Candidate Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-O">[PROV-O]</dt><dd>Timothy Lebo; Satya Sahoo; Deborah McGuinness; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, W3C Candidate Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">[RDF-CONCEPTS]</dt><dd>Graham Klyne; Jeremy J. Carroll. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210"><cite>Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax.</cite></a> 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210">http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-RFC2119">[RFC2119]</dt><dd>S. Bradner. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><cite>Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.</cite></a> March 1997. Internet RFC 2119. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-UML">[UML]</dt><dd>Object Management Group <a href="http://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.0/Superstructure/PDF/"><cite>Unified Modeling Language: Superstructure</cite></a>. version 2.0, 2005 URL: <a href="http://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.0/Superstructure/PDF/">http://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.0/Superstructure/PDF/</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">[XMLSCHEMA11-2]</dt><dd>Henry S. Thompson; et al. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/"><cite>W3C XML Schema Definition Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 2: Datatypes.</cite></a> 5 April 2012. W3C Recommendation URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/</a>
-</dd></dl></div><div id="informative-references" class="section"><h3><span class="secno">D.2 </span>Informative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-Logic">[Logic]</dt><dd>W. E. Johnson <a href="http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>.1924. URL: <a href="http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-Mappings">[Mappings]</dt><dd>Satya Sahoo and Paul Groth and Olaf Hartig and Simon Miles and Sam Coppens and James Myers and Yolanda Gil and Luc Moreau and Jun Zhao and Michael Panzer and Daniel Garijo <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/prov/wiki/Provenance_Vocabulary_Mappings"><cite>Provenance Vocabulary Mappings</cite></a>. August 2010 URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/prov/wiki/Provenance_Vocabulary_Mappings">http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/prov/wiki/Provenance_Vocabulary_Mappings</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-AQ">[PROV-AQ]</dt><dd>Graham Klyne and Paul Groth, eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. 19 June 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/</a>.
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-LAYOUT">[PROV-LAYOUT]</dt><dd>W3C PROV Working Group. <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/Diagrams"><cite>PROV Graph Layout Conventions</cite></a>. 2012. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/Diagrams">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/Diagrams</a>.
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">[PROV-OVERVIEW]</dt><dd>AUTHORS TBD. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/"><cite>PROV-OVERVIEW: The PROV Family of Documents</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/</a>.
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-PRIMER">[PROV-PRIMER]</dt><dd>Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles, eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. 12 December 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/</a>.
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-XML">[PROV-XML]</dt><dd>Hook Hua, Curt Tilmes, and Stephan Zednik, eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/"><cite>PROV-XML: The PROV XML Schema</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/</a>.
-</dd><dt id="bib-RDF-CONCEPTS11">[RDF-CONCEPTS11]</dt><dd>Richard Cyganiak and David Wood (eds.) RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/"><cite>RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax</cite></a>. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/">http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/</a>
-</dd></dl></div></div></body></html>
+</dd></dl></section><section id="informative-references"><h3><span class="secno">D.2 </span>Informative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-Logic">[Logic]</dt><dd>W. E. Johnson. <a href="http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>.1924. URL: <a href="http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-Mappings">[Mappings]</dt><dd>Satya Sahoo; Paul Groth; Olaf Hartig; Simon Miles; Sam Coppens; James Myers; Yolanda Gil; Luc Moreau; Jun Zhao; Michael Panzer; Daniel Garijo <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/prov/wiki/Provenance_Vocabulary_Mappings"><cite>Provenance Vocabulary Mappings</cite></a>. August 2010 URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/prov/wiki/Provenance_Vocabulary_Mappings">http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/prov/wiki/Provenance_Vocabulary_Mappings</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-AQ">[PROV-AQ]</dt><dd>Graham Klyne; Paul Groth; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. 19 June 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-LAYOUT">[PROV-LAYOUT]</dt><dd>W3C PROV Working Group. <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/Diagrams"><cite>PROV Graph Layout Conventions</cite></a>. 2012. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/Diagrams">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/Diagrams</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">[PROV-OVERVIEW]</dt><dd>Editors TBD. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/"><cite>PROV-OVERVIEW: The PROV Family of Documents</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-PRIMER">[PROV-PRIMER]</dt><dd>Yolanda Gil; Simon Miles; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-XML">[PROV-XML]</dt><dd>Hook Hua; Curt Tilmes; Stephan Zednik; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/"><cite>PROV-XML: The PROV XML Schema</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-RDF-CONCEPTS11">[RDF-CONCEPTS11]</dt><dd>Richard Cyganiak; David Wood; eds. RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/"><cite>RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax</cite></a>. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/">http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-UML">[UML]</dt><dd>Object Management Group <a href="http://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.0/Superstructure/PDF/"><cite>Unified Modeling Language: Superstructure</cite></a>. version 2.0, 2005 URL: <a href="http://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.0/Superstructure/PDF/">http://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.0/Superstructure/PDF/</a>
+</dd></dl></section></section></body></html>
--- a/model/releases/CR-prov-n-20121211/Overview.html Wed Nov 21 00:31:39 2012 +0000
+++ b/model/releases/CR-prov-n-20121211/Overview.html Wed Nov 21 00:38:01 2012 +0000
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN' 'http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd'>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
<head>
<title>PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</title>
@@ -30,12 +30,15 @@
border-style: solid;
border-color: gray;
}
+
</style>
+<!-- <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script> -->
+
@@ -90,10 +93,11 @@
text-decoration: none;
}
-code {
+/* code {
color: #ff4500;
}
+*/
/* --- WEB IDL --- */
pre.idl {
@@ -984,7 +988,7 @@
code {
- color: black;
+ color: black !important;
}
.ruleTitle {
@@ -1036,20 +1040,193 @@
</style>
- <link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-CR" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" charset="utf-8"></head>
-
- <body style="display: inherit; "><div class="head"><p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img width="72" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" alt="W3C"></a></p><h1 class="title" id="title">PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</h1><h2 id="w3c-candidate-recommendation-11-december-2012"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Candidate Recommendation 11 December 2012</h2><dl><dt>This version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/</a></dd><dt>Latest published version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a></dd><dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt><dd><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html</a></dd><dt>Previous version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/</a></dd><dt>Editors:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/">Luc Moreau</a>, University of Southampton</dd>
+ <style>/*****************************************************************
+ * ReSpec 3 CSS
+ * Robin Berjon - http://berjon.com/
+ *****************************************************************/
+
+/* --- INLINES --- */
+em.rfc2119 {
+ text-transform: lowercase;
+ font-variant: small-caps;
+ font-style: normal;
+ color: #900;
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+
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+ text-decoration: none;
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+ font-style: normal;
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+ol.algorithm li:before { font-weight: bold; counter-increment: numsection; content: counters(numsection, ".") ") "; }
+
+/* --- TOC --- */
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+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+a .secno, a .figno {
+ color: #000;
+}
+
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+ list-style: none outside none;
+}
+
+.caption {
+ margin-top: 0.5em;
+ font-style: italic;
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+ margin-top: 0;
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+}
+
+.section dl.attrs dd, .section dl.eldef dd {
+ margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+</style><link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-CR"><!--[if lt IE 9]><script src='http://www.w3.org/2008/site/js/html5shiv.js'></script><![endif]--></head>
+
+ <body><div class="head">
+ <p>
+
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img width="72" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" alt="W3C"></a>
+
+ </p>
+ <h1 class="title" id="title">PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</h1>
+
+ <h2 id="w3c-candidate-recommendation-11-december-2012"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Candidate Recommendation 11 December 2012</h2>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>This version:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/</a></dd>
+ <dt>Latest published version:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html</a></dd>
+
+
+
+ <dt>Implementation report:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/reports/prov-implementations.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/reports/prov-implementations.html</a></dd>
+
+
+
+ <dt>Previous version:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/</a> <a href="diff-n.html">(colored-coded diff)</a></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Editors:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/">Luc Moreau</a>, University of Southampton</dd>
<dd><a href="http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier">Paolo Missier</a>, Newcastle University</dd>
-<dt>Contributors:</dt><dd><a href="http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jcheney/">James Cheney</a>, University of Edinburgh</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Contributors:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jcheney/">James Cheney</a>, University of Edinburgh</dd>
<dd><a href="http://soiland-reyes.com/stian/">Stian Soiland-Reyes</a>, University of Manchester</dd>
-</dl><p class="copyright"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> © 2012 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym></a><sup>®</sup> (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.</p><hr></div>
- <div id="abstract" class="introductory section"><h2>Abstract</h2>
+
+
+ </dl>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <p class="copyright">
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> ©
+ 2012
+
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup>
+ (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>,
+ <a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>,
+ <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved.
+ <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>,
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.
+ </p>
+
+
+ <hr>
+</div>
+ <section id="abstract" class="introductory"><h2>Abstract</h2>
<p>
Provenance is information about entities, activities, and people
involved in producing a piece of data or thing, which can be used
to form assessments about its quality, reliability or trustworthiness.
-PROV-DM is the conceptual data model that forms a basis for the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>
+PROV-DM is the conceptual data model that forms a basis for the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>
provenance (PROV) family of specifications.
PROV-DM distinguishes core structures, forming the essence of provenance information, from
extended structures catering for more specific uses of provenance.
@@ -1066,19 +1243,29 @@
mapping of the PROV data model to concrete syntax, and is used as the basis for a
formal semantics of PROV. The purpose of this document is to define the PROV-N notation.
</p>
- </div><div id="sotd" class="introductory section"><h2>Status of This Document</h2><p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> technical reports index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em></p>
+ </section><section id="sotd" class="introductory"><h2>Status of This Document</h2>
+
+
+
+ <p>
+ <em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other
+ documents may supersede this document. A list of current <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> publications and the latest revision
+ of this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> technical reports
+ index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em>
+ </p>
+
<h4 id="prov-family-of-documents">PROV Family of Documents</h4>
This document is part of the PROV family of documents, a set of documents defining various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. These documents are:
<ul>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/">PROV-OVERVIEW</a> (Note), an overview of the PROV family of documents [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">PROV-OVERVIEW</a></cite>];</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/">PROV-PRIMER</a> (Note), a primer for the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-PRIMER">PROV-PRIMER</a></cite>];</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/">PROV-O</a> (Recommendation), the PROV ontology, an OWL2 ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>];</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/">PROV-DM</a> (Recommendation), the PROV data model for provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/">PROV-OVERVIEW</a> (Note), an overview of the PROV family of documents [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">PROV-OVERVIEW</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/">PROV-PRIMER</a> (Note), a primer for the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-PRIMER">PROV-PRIMER</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/">PROV-O</a> (Recommendation), the PROV ontology, an OWL2 ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/">PROV-DM</a> (Recommendation), the PROV data model for provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>];</li>
<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/">PROV-N</a> (Recommendation), a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption (this document);</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a> (Recommendation), a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>];</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/">PROV-AQ</a> (Note), the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>]; </li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/">PROV-XML</a> (Note), an XML schema for the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>].</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a> (Recommendation), a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/">PROV-AQ</a> (Note), the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>]; </li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/">PROV-XML</a> (Note), an XML schema for the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>].</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="how-to-read-the-prov-family-of-specifications">How to read the PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
@@ -1090,26 +1277,75 @@
<li>Readers seeking to implement other PROV serializations
should focus on PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS. PROV-O and PROV-N offer examples of mapping to RDF and text, respectively.</li>
</ul>
-<p>This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/">Provenance Working Group</a> as a Candidate Recommendation. This document is intended to become a <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation. If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to <a href="mailto:public-prov-comments@w3.org">public-prov-comments@w3.org</a> (<a href="mailto:public-prov-comments-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>, <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/">archives</a>). <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> publishes a Candidate Recommendation to indicate that the document is believed to be stable and to encourage implementation by the developer community. This Candidate Recommendation is expected to advance to Proposed Recommendation no earlier than 31 January 2013. All feedback is welcome.</p><p>Publication as a Candidate Recommendation does not imply endorsement by the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.</p><p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>. <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>.</p></div><div id="toc" class="section"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#introduction" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#purpose" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.1 </span>Purpose of this Document and Target Audience</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#compliance-with-this-document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.2 </span>Compliance with this Document</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#structure-of-this-document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.3 </span>Structure of this Document</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#notational-conventions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.4 </span>Notational Conventions</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#general-conventions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>General grammar considerations</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#functional-syntax" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1 </span>Functional-style Syntax</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#grammar-notation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2 </span>EBNF Grammar</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#main-productions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Main Productions</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-n-optionals" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.4 </span>Optional terms in expressions</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-n-standard-terms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.5 </span>Identifiers and attributes</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#comments" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.6 </span>Comments</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-n-expressions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>PROV-N Productions per Component</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#component1" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1 </span>Component 1: Entities and Activities</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Entity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.1 </span>Entity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Activity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.2 </span>Activity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Generation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.3 </span>Generation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Usage" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.4 </span>Usage</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-wasInformedBy" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.5 </span>Communication</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Start" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.6 </span>Start</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-End" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.7 </span>End</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Invalidation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.8 </span>Invalidation</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component2" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2 </span>Component 2: Derivations</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#Derivation-Relation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.1 </span>Derivation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Revision" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.2 </span>Revision</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-quotation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.3 </span>Quotation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-primary-source" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.4 </span>Primary Source</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component3" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3 </span>Component 3: Agents, Responsibility, and Influence</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Agent" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.1 </span>Agent</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-attribution" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.2 </span>Attribution</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Association" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.3 </span>Association</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-delegation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.4 </span>Delegation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-influence" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.5 </span>Influence</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component4" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.4 </span>Component 4: Bundles</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-bundle-constructor" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.4.1 </span>Bundle Constructor</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-bundle-type" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.4.2 </span>Bundle Type</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component5" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.5 </span>Component 5: Alternate Entities</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-alternate" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.5.1 </span>Alternate</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-specialization" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.5.2 </span>Specialization</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component6" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.6 </span>Component 6: Collections</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-collection" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.6.1 </span>Collection</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-collection-membership" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.6.2 </span>Membership</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#subexpressions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7 </span>Further Expressions</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-identifier" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.1 </span>Identifier</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-attribute" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.2 </span>Attribute</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-literal" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.3 </span>Literal</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-types" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.3.1 </span>Reserved Type Values</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Time" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.3.2 </span>Time Values</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-NamespaceDeclaration" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.4 </span>Namespace Declaration</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#semantic-rules-summary" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.5 </span>Summary of additional semantic rules</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span>Document</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#extensibility" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5. </span>Extensibility</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#media-type" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">6. </span>Media Type</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#changes-since-last-version" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A. </span>Changes since last version</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B. </span>Acknowledgements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C. </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C.1 </span>Normative references</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C.2 </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<div id="introduction" class="section">
+
+ <p>
+ This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/">Provenance Working Group</a> as a Candidate Recommendation.
+
+ This document is intended to become a <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Recommendation.
+
+ If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to
+ <a href="mailto:public-prov-comments@w3.org">public-prov-comments@w3.org</a>
+ (<a href="mailto:public-prov-comments-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>,
+ <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/">archives</a>).
+
+
+ <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> publishes a Candidate Recommendation to indicate that the document is believed
+ to be stable and to encourage implementation by the developer community. This
+ Candidate Recommendation is expected to advance to Proposed Recommendation no earlier than
+ 31 January 2013.
+
+ All feedback is welcome.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>
+ Publication as a Candidate Recommendation does not imply endorsement by the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Membership.
+ This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at
+ any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.
+ </p>
+
+
+ <p>
+
+ This document was produced by a group operating under the
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent Policy</a>.
+
+
+
+
+ <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent disclosures</a>
+
+ made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for
+ disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the
+ information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section
+ 6 of the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent Policy</a>.
+
+
+ </p>
+
+
+
+
+</section><section id="toc"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#introduction" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#purpose" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.1 </span>Purpose of this Document and Target Audience</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#compliance-with-this-document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.2 </span>Compliance with this Document</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#structure-of-this-document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.3 </span>Structure of this Document</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#notational-conventions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.4 </span>Notational Conventions</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#general-conventions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>General grammar considerations</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#functional-syntax" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1 </span>Functional-style Syntax</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#grammar-notation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2 </span>EBNF Grammar</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#main-productions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Main Productions</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-n-optionals" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.4 </span>Optional terms in expressions</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-n-standard-terms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.5 </span>Identifiers and attributes</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#comments" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.6 </span>Comments</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-n-expressions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>PROV-N Productions per Component</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#component1" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1 </span>Component 1: Entities and Activities</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Entity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.1 </span>Entity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Activity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.2 </span>Activity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Generation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.3 </span>Generation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Usage" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.4 </span>Usage</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-wasInformedBy" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.5 </span>Communication</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Start" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.6 </span>Start</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-End" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.7 </span>End</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Invalidation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.8 </span>Invalidation</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component2" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2 </span>Component 2: Derivations</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#Derivation-Relation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.1 </span>Derivation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Revision" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.2 </span>Revision</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-quotation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.3 </span>Quotation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-primary-source" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.4 </span>Primary Source</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component3" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3 </span>Component 3: Agents, Responsibility, and Influence</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Agent" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.1 </span>Agent</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-attribution" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.2 </span>Attribution</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Association" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.3 </span>Association</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-delegation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.4 </span>Delegation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-influence" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.5 </span>Influence</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component4" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.4 </span>Component 4: Bundles</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-bundle-constructor" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.4.1 </span>Bundle Constructor</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-bundle-type" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.4.2 </span>Bundle Type</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component5" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.5 </span>Component 5: Alternate Entities</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-alternate" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.5.1 </span>Alternate</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-specialization" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.5.2 </span>Specialization</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component6" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.6 </span>Component 6: Collections</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-collection" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.6.1 </span>Collection</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-collection-membership" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.6.2 </span>Membership</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#subexpressions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7 </span>Further Expressions</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-identifier" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.1 </span>Identifier</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-attribute" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.2 </span>Attribute</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-literal" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.3 </span>Literal</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-types" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.3.1 </span>Reserved Type Values</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Time" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.3.2 </span>Time Values</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-NamespaceDeclaration" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.4 </span>Namespace Declaration</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#semantic-rules-summary" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.5 </span>Summary of additional semantic rules</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span>Document</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#extensibility" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5. </span>Extensibility</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#media-type" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">6. </span>Media Type</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#changes-since-last-version" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A. </span>Changes since last version</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B. </span>Acknowledgements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C. </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C.1 </span>Normative references</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C.2 </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="introduction">
<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</h2>
<p> Provenance is a record that describes the people,
institutions, entities, and activities, involved in producing,
influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a thing in the world. Two
companion specifications respectively define PROV-DM, a data model for
-provenance, allowing provenance descriptions to be expressed [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] and a set of constraints that provenance descriptions are expected to satisfy [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>].
+provenance, allowing provenance descriptions to be expressed [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] and a set of constraints that provenance descriptions are expected to satisfy [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>].
</p>
-<div id="purpose" class="section">
+<section id="purpose">
<h3><span class="secno">1.1 </span>Purpose of this Document and Target Audience</h3>
A key goal of PROV is the specification of a machine-processable data model for provenance. However, communicating provenance between humans is also important when teaching, illustrating, formalizing, and discussing provenance-related issues.
@@ -1128,9 +1364,9 @@
PROV-N has several known uses:
<ul>
-<li> It is the notation used in the examples found in [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>], as well as in the definition of PROV constraints [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>]; </li>
-<li> It is a source language for the encoding of PROV data model instances into a variety of target languages, including amongst others RDF [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-RDF">PROV-RDF</a></cite>] and XML [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>]; </li>
-<li> It provides the basis for a formal semantics of the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-SEM">PROV-SEM</a></cite>], in which an interpretation is given to each element of the PROV-N language.
+<li> It is the notation used in the examples found in [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>], as well as in the definition of PROV constraints [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>]; </li>
+<li> It is a source language for the encoding of PROV data model instances into a variety of target languages, including amongst others RDF [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-RDF">PROV-RDF</a></cite>] and XML [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>]; </li>
+<li> It provides the basis for a formal semantics of the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-SEM">PROV-SEM</a></cite>], in which an interpretation is given to each element of the PROV-N language.
</li></ul>
<p>This document introduces the PROV-N grammar along with examples of its usage.</p>
@@ -1138,12 +1374,12 @@
</p><ul>
<li>Developers of provenance management applications, as well as implementors of new PROV data model encodings, and thus in particular of PROV-N parsers. These readers may be interested in the entire structure of the grammar, starting from the top level nonterminal
<code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-document">document</a></code>.</li>
-<li>Readers of the [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] and of [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>] documents, who are interested in the details of the formal language underpinning the notation used in the examples and in the definition of the constraints. Those readers may find the <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></code> nonterminal a useful entry point into the grammar.</li>
+<li>Readers of the [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] and of [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>] documents, who are interested in the details of the formal language underpinning the notation used in the examples and in the definition of the constraints. Those readers may find the <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></code> nonterminal a useful entry point into the grammar.</li>
</ul>
-</div>
-
-<div id="compliance-with-this-document" class="section">
+</section>
+
+<section id="compliance-with-this-document">
<h3><span class="secno">1.2 </span>Compliance with this Document</h3>
@@ -1156,10 +1392,10 @@
<li> Text in boxes labeled "Example" is informative.
</li><li> Productions (displayed in boxes) are normative, as opposed to the separate <a href="grammar.txt">file</a> grouping all productions for convenience of programmers, which is informative.
</li></ul>
-</div>
-
-
- <div id="structure-of-this-document" class="section">
+</section>
+
+
+ <section id="structure-of-this-document">
<h3><span class="secno">1.3 </span>Structure of this Document</h3>
<p>This document is structured as follows.
@@ -1175,10 +1411,10 @@
<p><a href="#media-type">Section 6</a> defines media type for the PROV-N notation.</p>
- </div>
-
-
-<div id="notational-conventions" class="section">
+ </section>
+
+
+<section id="notational-conventions">
<h3><span class="secno">1.4 </span>Notational Conventions</h3>
<!--
@@ -1196,7 +1432,7 @@
not">shall
not</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="should">should</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="should not">should not</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="recommended">recommended</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em>", and
"<em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em>" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
- [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC2119">RFC2119</a></cite>].</p>
+ [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC2119">RFC2119</a></cite>].</p>
@@ -1209,22 +1445,22 @@
<caption id="namespace-table">Table 1: Prefix and Namespaces used in this specification</caption>
<tbody><tr><td><a><b>prefix</b></a></td><td><b>namespace uri</b></td> <td><b>definition</b></td></tr>
<tr><td><a>prov</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</td><td>The PROV namespace (see Section <a href="#expression-NamespaceDeclaration">3.7.4</a>)</td></tr>
-<tr><td><a>xsd</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema#</td><td>XML Schema Namespace [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">XMLSCHEMA11-2</a></cite>]</td></tr>
-<tr><td><a>(others)</a></td><td>(various)</td><td>All other namespace prefixes are used in examples only. <br> In particular, URIs starting with "http://example.com" represent<br> some application-dependent URI [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-URI">URI</a></cite>]</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>xsd</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema#</td><td>XML Schema Namespace [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">XMLSCHEMA11-2</a></cite>]</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>(others)</a></td><td>(various)</td><td>All other namespace prefixes are used in examples only. <br> In particular, URIs starting with "http://example.com" represent<br> some application-dependent URI [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3986">RFC3986</a></cite>]</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div id="general-conventions" class="section">
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="general-conventions">
<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">2. </span>General grammar considerations</h2>
<p>For convenience, all productions presented in this document have been grouped in a
separate <a href="grammar.txt">file</a>.</p>
-<div id="functional-syntax" class="section">
+<section id="functional-syntax">
<h3><span class="secno">2.1 </span>Functional-style Syntax</h3>
<p> PROV-N adopts a functional-style syntax consisting of a predicate name and an ordered list of terms.</p>
@@ -1259,14 +1495,14 @@
</pre>
</div>
-</div>
-
-<div id="grammar-notation" class="section">
+</section>
+
+<section id="grammar-notation">
<h3><span class="secno">2.2 </span>EBNF Grammar</h3>
<p>The grammar is specified using a subset of the Extended Backus-Naur
Form (EBNF) notation, as defined in Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.1
-[<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XML11">XML11</a></cite>] section <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816/#sec-notation">6
+[<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-XML11">XML11</a></cite>] section <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816/#sec-notation">6
Notation</a>.
</p>
@@ -1333,11 +1569,11 @@
</ul>
-<p>Where suitable, the PROV-N grammar reuses production and terminal names of the SPARQL grammar [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-SPARQL-QUERY">RDF-SPARQL-QUERY</a></cite>].</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div id="main-productions" class="section">
+<p>Where suitable, the PROV-N grammar reuses production and terminal names of the SPARQL grammar [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF-SPARQL-QUERY">RDF-SPARQL-QUERY</a></cite>].</p>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="main-productions">
<h3><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Main Productions</h3>
<p>Two productions are entry points to the grammar.</p>
@@ -1360,10 +1596,10 @@
provides the overall structure of PROV-N descriptions. It is a wrapper for
a set of expressions, such that the text for an element matches the corresponding <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></code> production, and some namespace declarations.</p>
-</div>
-
-
-<div id="prov-n-optionals" class="section">
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="prov-n-optionals">
<h3><span class="secno">2.4 </span>Optional terms in expressions</h3>
Some terms in an expression may be optional. For example:
@@ -1401,9 +1637,9 @@
</div>
-</div>
-
-<div id="prov-n-standard-terms" class="section">
+</section>
+
+<section id="prov-n-standard-terms">
<h3><span class="secno">2.5 </span>Identifiers and attributes</h3>
<p>Almost all expressions defined in the grammar include an identifier (see <a href="#expression-identifier">Section 3.7.1</a> for the full syntax of identifiers). Most expressions
@@ -1431,9 +1667,9 @@
</pre>
</div>
-</div>
-
-<div id="comments" class="section">
+</section>
+
+<section id="comments">
<h3><span class="secno">2.6 </span>Comments</h3>
@@ -1445,19 +1681,19 @@
</li></ul>
<p>Comments are treated as white space.</p>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div id="prov-n-expressions" class="section">
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="prov-n-expressions">
<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">3. </span>PROV-N Productions per Component</h2>
<p>This section introduces grammar productions for each expression, followed by small examples of expressions illustrating the grammar. Strings conforming to the grammar are valid expressions in the PROV-N language.</p>
-<div id="component1" class="section">
+<section id="component1">
<h3><span class="secno">3.1 </span>Component 1: Entities and Activities</h3>
-<div id="expression-Entity" class="section">
+<section id="expression-Entity">
<h4><span class="secno">3.1.1 </span>Entity</h4>
@@ -1495,8 +1731,8 @@
-</div>
-<div id="expression-Activity" class="section">
+</section>
+<section id="expression-Activity">
<h4><span class="secno">3.1.2 </span>Activity</h4>
@@ -1541,8 +1777,8 @@
</div>
-</div>
-<div id="expression-Generation" class="section">
+</section>
+<section id="expression-Generation">
<h4><span class="secno">3.1.3 </span>Generation</h4>
@@ -1599,9 +1835,9 @@
-</div>
-
-<div id="expression-Usage" class="section">
+</section>
+
+<section id="expression-Usage">
<h4><span class="secno">3.1.4 </span>Usage</h4>
<table class="grammar">
@@ -1645,9 +1881,9 @@
-</div>
-
-<div id="expression-wasInformedBy" class="section">
+</section>
+
+<section id="expression-wasInformedBy">
<h4><span class="secno">3.1.5 </span>Communication</h4>
<table class="grammar">
@@ -1685,11 +1921,11 @@
wasInformedBy(i; ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
</pre>
</div>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<div id="expression-Start" class="section">
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="expression-Start">
<h4><span class="secno">3.1.6 </span>Start</h4>
@@ -1738,9 +1974,9 @@
<p>Additional semantic rules (<a href="#semantic-rules-summary">Section 3.7.5</a>) apply to <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-startExpression">startExpression</a></code>.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div id="expression-End" class="section">
+</section>
+
+<section id="expression-End">
<h4><span class="secno">3.1.7 </span>End</h4>
<table class="grammar">
@@ -1790,11 +2026,11 @@
<p>Additional semantic rules (<a href="#semantic-rules-summary">Section 3.7.5</a>) apply to <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-endExpression">endExpression</a></code>.</p>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<div id="expression-Invalidation" class="section">
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="expression-Invalidation">
<h4><span class="secno">3.1.8 </span>Invalidation</h4>
@@ -1842,16 +2078,16 @@
<p>Additional semantic rules (<a href="#semantic-rules-summary">Section 3.7.5</a>) apply to <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-invalidationExpression">invalidationExpression</a></code>.</p>
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-</div>
-
-<div id="component2" class="section">
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="component2">
<h3><span class="secno">3.2 </span>Component 2: Derivations</h3>
-<div id="Derivation-Relation" class="section">
+<section id="Derivation-Relation">
<h4><span class="secno">3.2.1 </span>Derivation</h4>
<table class="grammar">
@@ -1915,8 +2151,8 @@
</pre>
</div>
-</div>
-<div id="expression-Revision" class="section">
+</section>
+<section id="expression-Revision">
<h4><span class="secno">3.2.2 </span>Revision</h4>
<p id="provn-type-Revision">
@@ -1936,8 +2172,8 @@
</p></div>
-</div> <!-- end revision -->
-<div id="expression-quotation" class="section">
+</section> <!-- end revision -->
+<section id="expression-quotation">
<h4><span class="secno">3.2.3 </span>Quotation</h4>
<p id="provn-type-Quotation">
@@ -1957,10 +2193,10 @@
</p></div>
-</div> <!-- end quotation -->
-
-
-<div id="expression-primary-source" class="section">
+</section> <!-- end quotation -->
+
+
+<section id="expression-primary-source">
<h4><span class="secno">3.2.4 </span>Primary Source</h4>
@@ -1978,14 +2214,14 @@
</div>
-</div> <!-- end primary source -->
-
-</div>
-
-
-<div id="component3" class="section">
+</section> <!-- end primary source -->
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="component3">
<h3><span class="secno">3.3 </span>Component 3: Agents, Responsibility, and Influence</h3>
-<div id="expression-Agent" class="section">
+<section id="expression-Agent">
<h4><span class="secno">3.3.1 </span>Agent</h4>
<!--
@@ -2036,8 +2272,8 @@
</div>
-</div>
-<div id="expression-attribution" class="section">
+</section>
+<section id="expression-attribution">
<h4><span class="secno">3.3.2 </span>Attribution</h4>
@@ -2078,10 +2314,10 @@
</pre>
</div>
-</div> <!-- end attribution -->
-
-
-<div id="expression-Association" class="section">
+</section> <!-- end attribution -->
+
+
+<section id="expression-Association">
<h4><span class="secno">3.3.3 </span>Association</h4>
@@ -2155,8 +2391,8 @@
at least one of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.id"><span class='attribute'>id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.agent"><span class='attribute'>agent</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.plan"><span class='attribute'>plan</span></a>, and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.attributes"><span class='attribute'>attributes</span></a> MUST be present.</p>
-->
-</div>
-<div id="expression-delegation" class="section">
+</section>
+<section id="expression-delegation">
<h4><span class="secno">3.3.4 </span>Delegation</h4>
@@ -2209,9 +2445,9 @@
</div>
-</div>
-
-<div id="expression-influence" class="section">
+</section>
+
+<section id="expression-influence">
<h4><span class="secno">3.3.5 </span>Influence</h4>
@@ -2254,14 +2490,14 @@
</pre>
</div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div id="component4" class="section">
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="component4">
<h3><span class="secno">3.4 </span>Component 4: Bundles</h3>
-<div id="expression-bundle-constructor" class="section">
+<section id="expression-bundle-constructor">
<h4><span class="secno">3.4.1 </span>Bundle Constructor</h4>
<table class="grammar">
@@ -2306,9 +2542,9 @@
</div>
-</div>
-
-<div id="expression-bundle-type" class="section">
+</section>
+
+<section id="expression-bundle-type">
<h4><span class="secno">3.4.2 </span>Bundle Type</h4>
<p id="provn-type-Bundle">
@@ -2320,12 +2556,12 @@
<pre class="codeexample"> entity(ex:author-view, [ prov:type='prov:Bundle' ])
</pre>
</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div id="component5" class="section">
+</section>
+</section>
+
+<section id="component5">
<h3><span class="secno">3.5 </span>Component 5: Alternate Entities</h3>
-<div id="expression-alternate" class="section">
+<section id="expression-alternate">
<h4><span class="secno">3.5.1 </span>Alternate</h4>
<!--
@@ -2369,8 +2605,8 @@
</div>
-</div>
-<div id="expression-specialization" class="section">
+</section>
+<section id="expression-specialization">
<h4><span class="secno">3.5.2 </span>Specialization</h4>
@@ -2402,23 +2638,23 @@
Here <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is a specialization of <span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span>.
</div>
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-</div>
-
-
-
-<div id="component6" class="section">
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="component6">
<h3><span class="secno">3.6 </span>Component 6: Collections</h3>
-<div id="expression-collection" class="section">
+<section id="expression-collection">
<h4><span class="secno">3.6.1 </span>Collection</h4>
@@ -2436,10 +2672,10 @@
entity(ex:col2, [ prov:type='prov:EmptyCollection' ])
</pre>
</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<div id="expression-collection-membership" class="section">
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="expression-collection-membership">
<h4><span class="secno">3.6.2 </span>Membership</h4>
@@ -2479,21 +2715,21 @@
</p></div>
-</div>
-
-</div> <!-- end collections-->
-
-
-
-
-
-<div id="subexpressions" class="section">
+</section>
+
+</section> <!-- end collections-->
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="subexpressions">
<h3><span class="secno">3.7 </span>Further Expressions</h3>
This section defines further expressions of PROV-N.
-<div id="expression-identifier" class="section">
+<section id="expression-identifier">
<h4><span class="secno">3.7.1 </span>Identifier</h4>
<p>Various kinds of identifiers are used in productions.</p>
@@ -2543,14 +2779,14 @@
-->
-<p>A PROV-N qualified name (production <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code>) has a more permissive syntax then XML's <code class="content"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/#NT-QName">QName</a></code> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XML-NAMES">XML-NAMES</a></cite>]
-and SPARQL <code class="content"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115/#rPrefixedName">PrefixedName</a></code> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-SPARQL-QUERY">RDF-SPARQL-QUERY</a></cite>].
-A <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code> consists of a prefix and a local part. Prefixes follow the production <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX">PN_PREFIX</a></code> defined by SPARQL [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-SPARQL-QUERY">RDF-SPARQL-QUERY</a></cite>]. Local parts have to be conformant with <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_LOCAL">PN_LOCAL</a></code>, which extends the original SPARQL <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_LOCAL">PN_LOCAL</a></code> definition
+<p>A PROV-N qualified name (production <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code>) has a more permissive syntax then XML's <code class="content"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/#NT-QName">QName</a></code> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-XML-NAMES">XML-NAMES</a></cite>]
+and SPARQL <code class="content"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115/#rPrefixedName">PrefixedName</a></code> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF-SPARQL-QUERY">RDF-SPARQL-QUERY</a></cite>].
+A <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code> consists of a prefix and a local part. Prefixes follow the production <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX">PN_PREFIX</a></code> defined by SPARQL [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF-SPARQL-QUERY">RDF-SPARQL-QUERY</a></cite>]. Local parts have to be conformant with <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_LOCAL">PN_LOCAL</a></code>, which extends the original SPARQL <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_LOCAL">PN_LOCAL</a></code> definition
by allowing further characters (see <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_CHARS_OTHERS">PN_CHARS_OTHERS</a></code>):</p>
<ul>
<li> an extra set of characters commonly encountered in IRIs;
</li><li> %-escaped characters (see <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PERCENT">PERCENT</a></code>) to be interpreted as per
- Section 3.1. Mapping of IRIs to URIs in [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3987">RFC3987</a></cite>];</li>
+ Section 3.1. Mapping of IRIs to URIs in [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3987">RFC3987</a></cite>];</li>
<li> and \-escaped characters (see <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_CHARS_ESC">PN_CHARS_ESC</a></code>).</li>
</ul>
@@ -2572,7 +2808,7 @@
-<p>A PROV-N qualified name <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code> can be mapped to a valid IRI [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-IRI">IRI</a></cite>] by concatenating the namespace denoted its local name <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX">PN_PREFIX</a></code> to the local name <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_LOCAL">PN_LOCAL</a></code>, whose \-escaped characters have been unescaped by dropping the character '\' (backslash).</p>
+<p>A PROV-N qualified name <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code> can be mapped to a valid IRI [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3987">RFC3987</a></cite>] by concatenating the namespace denoted its local name <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX">PN_PREFIX</a></code> to the local name <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_LOCAL">PN_LOCAL</a></code>, whose \-escaped characters have been unescaped by dropping the character '\' (backslash).</p>
<table class="grammar">
@@ -2648,9 +2884,9 @@
</p>
-</div>
-
-<div id="expression-attribute" class="section">
+</section>
+
+<section id="expression-attribute">
<h4><span class="secno">3.7.2 </span>Attribute</h4>
<!--
@@ -2665,7 +2901,7 @@
<p>The reserved attributes in the PROV namespace are the following.
-Their meaning is explained by [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] (see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute">Section 5.7.2: Attribute</a>).
+Their meaning is explained by [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] (see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute">Section 5.7.2: Attribute</a>).
</p>
<ol>
@@ -2677,13 +2913,13 @@
</li></ol>
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-<div id="expression-literal" class="section">
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="expression-literal">
<h4><span class="secno">3.7.3 </span>Literal</h4>
<!--
@@ -2710,7 +2946,7 @@
<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL" name="prod-QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL"></a>[<span class="prodNo">61</span>] </td> <td><<code class="production term">QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL</code>></td> <td> ::= </td> <td><code class="content">"'" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></span> "'"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
</table>
-<p>In production <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-datatype">datatype</a></code>, the <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code> is used to denote a <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-value">PROV data type</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>].
+<p>In production <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-datatype">datatype</a></code>, the <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code> is used to denote a <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-value">PROV data type</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>].
</p><p>The non terminals
@@ -2773,11 +3009,11 @@
-<div id="expression-types" class="section">
+<section id="expression-types">
<h5><span class="secno">3.7.3.1 </span>Reserved Type Values</h5>
<p>The reserved type values in the PROV namespace are the following.
-Their meaning is defined [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] (see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute-type">Section 5.7.2.4: prov:type</a>).
+Their meaning is defined [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] (see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute-type">Section 5.7.2.4: prov:type</a>).
</p>
<ol>
@@ -2802,12 +3038,12 @@
</div>
-</div>
-
-<div id="expression-Time" class="section">
+</section>
+
+<section id="expression-Time">
<h5><span class="secno">3.7.3.2 </span>Time Values</h5>
-<p><dfn id="dfn-time">Time instants</dfn> are defined according to xsd:dateTime [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">XMLSCHEMA11-2</a></cite>].</p>
+<p><dfn id="dfn-time">Time instants</dfn> are defined according to xsd:dateTime [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">XMLSCHEMA11-2</a></cite>].</p>
<table class="grammar">
<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-time" name="prod-time"></a>[<span class="prodNo">44</span>] </td> <td><code class="production prod">time</code></td> <td> ::= </td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-2/#nt-dateTimeRep">DATETIME</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
@@ -2824,16 +3060,16 @@
-</div>
-
-
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-<div id="expression-NamespaceDeclaration" class="section">
+</section>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="expression-NamespaceDeclaration">
<h4><span class="secno">3.7.4 </span>Namespace Declaration</h4>
@@ -2913,22 +3149,22 @@
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-<div id="semantic-rules-summary" class="section">
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="semantic-rules-summary">
<h4><span class="secno">3.7.5 </span>Summary of additional semantic rules</h4>
-<p>Some of the grammar productions allow for expressions that are syntactically correct, and yet according to [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] they are not acceptable, because additional semantic rules are defined for those expressions.
+<p>Some of the grammar productions allow for expressions that are syntactically correct, and yet according to [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] they are not acceptable, because additional semantic rules are defined for those expressions.
The following table provides a summary of such expressions along with examples of syntactically correct but unacceptable forms, and the additional semantic rules.</p>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<caption id="validity-rules-table">Summary of additional semantic rules for grammar productions</caption>
-<tbody><tr><td><a href="#dfn-production" class="internalDFN"><b>Production</b></a></td>
+<tbody><tr><td><a><b>Production</b></a></td>
<td><b>Examples of syntactically correct expressions</b></td>
<td><b>Additional semantic rule</b></td>
</tr>
@@ -2967,22 +3203,22 @@
</tbody></table>
</div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-
-</div> <!-- end sec 3 -->
-
-
-
-
-
-<div id="document" class="section">
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+
+</section> <!-- end sec 3 -->
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="document">
<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">4. </span>Document</h2>
<p>A <dfn id="dfn-document">document</dfn> is a house-keeping construct of PROV-N capable of packaging up PROV-N <a title="expression">expressions</a> and namespace declarations. A document forms a self-contained package of provenance descriptions for the purpose of <em>exchanging</em> them. A document may be used
- to package up PROV-N <a title="record">expressions</a> in response to a request for the provenance of something ([<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>]).</p>
+ to package up PROV-N <a title="record">expressions</a> in response to a request for the provenance of something ([<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>]).</p>
<p> Given its status of house keeping construct for the purpose of exchanging provenance expressions, a document is not defined as a PROV-N expression (production <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></code>).</p>
@@ -3028,15 +3264,15 @@
endDocument
</pre>
-<p>This container could for instance be returned as the result of a query to a provenance store for the provenance of entity <span class="name">e2</span> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>].
+<p>This container could for instance be returned as the result of a query to a provenance store for the provenance of entity <span class="name">e2</span> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>].
</p>
</div>
-</div>
-
-<div id="extensibility" class="section">
+</section>
+
+<section id="extensibility">
<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">5. </span>Extensibility</h2>
<p>The PROV data model is extensible by means of attributes <span class="name">prov:type</span> and <span class="name">prov:role</span> allowing subtyping of expressions. For some applications, novel syntax may also be convenient. Hence, the normative requirements are as follow.</p>
@@ -3085,10 +3321,10 @@
-</div>
-
-
-<div id="media-type" class="section">
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="media-type">
<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">6. </span>Media Type</h2>
<p>
@@ -3100,7 +3336,7 @@
<dt>Contact:</dt>
<dd>Ivan Herman</dd>
<dt>See also:</dt>
- <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/2002/06/registering-mediatype">How to Register a Media Type for a <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Specification</a></dd>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/2002/06/registering-mediatype">How to Register a Media Type for a <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Specification</a></dd>
<dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/tag/2002/0129-mime">Internet Media Type registration, consistency of use</a><br>TAG Finding 3 June 2002 (Revised 4 September 2002)</dd>
</dl>
<p>The Internet Media Type / MIME Type for PROV-N is "text/provenance-notation".</p>
@@ -3118,16 +3354,16 @@
<dd>None</dd>
<dt>Encoding considerations: 8bit</dt>
- <dd>The syntax of PROV-N is expressed over code points in Unicode [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-UNICODE">UNICODE</a></cite>]. The encoding is always UTF-8 [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-UTF-8">UTF-8</a></cite>].</dd>
+ <dd>The syntax of PROV-N is expressed over code points in Unicode [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-UNICODE">UNICODE</a></cite>]. The encoding is always UTF-8 [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-UTF-8">UTF-8</a></cite>].</dd>
<dd>Unicode code points may also be expressed using an \uXXXX (U+0 to U+FFFF) or \UXXXXXXXX syntax (for U+10000 onwards) where X is a hexadecimal digit [0-9A-F]</dd>
<dt>Security considerations:</dt>
- <dd>PROV-N is a general-purpose language for describing the provenance of things; applications may evaluate given data to infer more descriptions or to dereference URIs, invoking the security considerations of the scheme for that URI. Note in particular, the privacy issues in [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3023">RFC3023</a></cite>] section 10 for HTTP URIs. Data obtained from an inaccurate or malicious data source may lead to inaccurate or misleading conclusions, as well as the dereferencing of unintended URIs. Care must be taken to align the trust in consulted resources with the sensitivity of the intended use of the data.</dd>
+ <dd>PROV-N is a general-purpose language for describing the provenance of things; applications may evaluate given data to infer more descriptions or to dereference URIs, invoking the security considerations of the scheme for that URI. Note in particular, the privacy issues in [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3023">RFC3023</a></cite>] section 10 for HTTP URIs. Data obtained from an inaccurate or malicious data source may lead to inaccurate or misleading conclusions, as well as the dereferencing of unintended URIs. Care must be taken to align the trust in consulted resources with the sensitivity of the intended use of the data.</dd>
<dd>PROV-N is used to express the provenance of arbitrary application data; security considerations will vary by domain of use. Security tools and protocols applicable to text (e.g. PGP encryption, MD5 sum validation, password-protected compression) may also be used on PROV-N documents. Security/privacy protocols must be imposed which reflect the sensitivity of the embedded information. </dd>
- <dd>PROV-N can express data which is presented to the user, for example, by means of label attributes. Application rendering strings retrieved from untrusted PROV-N documents must ensure that malignant strings may not be used to mislead the reader. The security considerations in the media type registration for XML ([<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3023">RFC3023</a></cite>] section 10) provide additional guidance around the expression of arbitrary data and markup.</dd>
+ <dd>PROV-N can express data which is presented to the user, for example, by means of label attributes. Application rendering strings retrieved from untrusted PROV-N documents must ensure that malignant strings may not be used to mislead the reader. The security considerations in the media type registration for XML ([<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3023">RFC3023</a></cite>] section 10) provide additional guidance around the expression of arbitrary data and markup.</dd>
<dd>PROV-N is a language for describing the provenance of things, and therefore a PROV-N document is metadata for other resources. Untrusted PROV-N documents may mislead its consumers by indicating that a third-party resource has a reputable lineage, when it has not. Provenance of PROV-N document should be sought. </dd>
<dd>PROV-N uses qualified names mappeable to IRIs as term identifiers. Applications interpreting data expressed in PROV-N should address the security issues of
- <a class="norm" href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt">Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs)</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3987">RFC3987</a></cite>] Section 8, as well as
- <a class="norm" href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3986">RFC3986</a></cite>] Section 7.</dd>
+ <a class="norm" href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt">Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs)</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3987">RFC3987</a></cite>] Section 8, as well as
+ <a class="norm" href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3986">RFC3986</a></cite>] Section 7.</dd>
<dd>Multiple IRIs may have the same appearance. Characters in different scripts may
look similar (a Cyrillic "о" may appear similar to a Latin "o"). A character followed
by combining characters may have the same visual representation as another character
@@ -3137,9 +3373,9 @@
Any person or application that is writing or interpreting data in PROV-N must take care to use the IRI that matches the intended semantics, and avoid IRIs that make look similar.
Further information about matching of similar characters can be found
in <a class="inform" href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/">Unicode Security
-Considerations</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-UNISEC">UNISEC</a></cite>] and
+Considerations</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-UNISEC">UNISEC</a></cite>] and
<a class="norm" href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt">Internationalized Resource
-Identifiers (IRIs)</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3987">RFC3987</a></cite>] Section 8.
+Identifiers (IRIs)</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3987">RFC3987</a></cite>] Section 8.
</dd>
<dt>Interoperability considerations:</dt>
@@ -3165,18 +3401,18 @@
<dt>Restrictions on usage:</dt>
<dd>None</dd>
<dt>Author/Change controller:</dt>
- <dd>The PROV-N specification is the product of the World Wide Web Consortium's PROV Working Group. The <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> has change control over this specification.</dd>
+ <dd>The PROV-N specification is the product of the World Wide Web Consortium's PROV Working Group. The <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> has change control over this specification.</dd>
</dl>
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<div class="appendix informative section" id="changes-since-last-version">
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<section class="appendix informative" id="changes-since-last-version">
<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">A. </span>Changes since last version</h2><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
<p> Please see the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ResponsesToPublicComments">Responses to Public Comments on the Last Call Working Draft</a> for more details about the justification of these changes.</p>
<ul>
@@ -3189,13 +3425,13 @@
</li><li> Moved feature at Risk mention into a separate note.
</li><li> Editorial's pass pre-publication.
</li></ul>
-</div>
-
-<div class="appendix informative section" id="acknowledgements">
+</section>
+
+<section class="appendix informative" id="acknowledgements">
<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">B. </span>Acknowledgements</h2><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
<p>
-This document has been produced by the PROV Working Group, and its contents reflect extensive discussion within the Working Group as a whole. The editors extend special thanks to Sandro Hawke (W3C/MIT) and Ivan Herman (W3C/ERCIM), W3C contacts for the PROV Working Group.
+This document has been produced by the PROV Working Group, and its contents reflect extensive discussion within the Working Group as a whole. The editors extend special thanks to Sandro Hawke (<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>/<abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr>) and Ivan Herman (<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>/<abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr>), <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> contacts for the PROV Working Group.
</p>
<p>
@@ -3238,9 +3474,9 @@
Paul Groth (Vrije Universiteit),
Olaf Hartig (Invited expert),
David Hau (National Cancer Institute, NCI),
-Sandro Hawke (<acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>/<acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym>),
+Sandro Hawke (<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>/<abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr>),
Jörn Hees (German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) Gmbh),
-Ivan Herman, (<acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>/<acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym>),
+Ivan Herman, (<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>/<abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr>),
Ralph Hodgson (TopQuadrant),
Hook Hua (Invited expert),
Trung Dong Huynh (University of Southampton),
@@ -3276,30 +3512,28 @@
Yuting Zhao (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science).
</p>
- </div>
-
-
-
-<div id="references" class="appendix section"><!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">C. </span>References</h2><div id="normative-references" class="section"><h3><span class="secno">C.1 </span>Normative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-IRI">[IRI]</dt><dd>M. Duerst, M. Suignard. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><cite>Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRI).</cite></a> January 2005. Internet RFC 3987. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]</dt><dd>James Cheney, Paolo Missier, and Luc Moreau, eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/"><cite>Constraints of the PROV Data Model</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, Candidate Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/</a>.
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-DM">[PROV-DM]</dt><dd>Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier, eds.<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/"><cite>PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</cite></a>. 12 December 2012, Candidate Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-O">[PROV-O]</dt><dd>Timothy Lebo, Satya Sahoo, and Deborah McGuinness, eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, Candidate Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/</a>.
+ </section>
+
+
+
+<section id="references" class="appendix"><!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">C. </span>References</h2><section id="normative-references"><h3><span class="secno">C.1 </span>Normative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]</dt><dd>James Cheney; Paolo Missier; Luc Moreau; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/"><cite>Constraints of the PROV Data Model</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, W3C Candidate Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-DM">[PROV-DM]</dt><dd>Luc Moreau; Paolo Missier; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/"><cite>PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, W3C Candidate Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-O">[PROV-O]</dt><dd>Timothy Lebo; Satya Sahoo; Deborah McGuinness; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, W3C Candidate Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-RDF-SPARQL-QUERY">[RDF-SPARQL-QUERY]</dt><dd>Andy Seaborne; Eric Prud'hommeaux. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115"><cite>SPARQL Query Language for RDF.</cite></a> 15 January 2008. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115">http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-RFC2119">[RFC2119]</dt><dd>S. Bradner. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><cite>Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.</cite></a> March 1997. Internet RFC 2119. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-RFC3023">[RFC3023]</dt><dd>M. Murata; S. St.Laurent; D. Kohn. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt"><cite>XML Media Types</cite></a> January 2001. Internet RFC 3023. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-RFC3986">[RFC3986]</dt><dd>T. Berners-Lee; R. Fielding; L. Masinter. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"><cite>Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax.</cite></a> January 2005. Internet RFC 3986. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-RFC3987">[RFC3987]</dt><dd>M. Dürst; M. Suignard. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><cite>Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs).</cite></a> January 2005. Internet RFC 3987. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-UNICODE">[UNICODE]</dt><dd>The Unicode Consortium. <a href="http://www.unicode.org/unicode/standard/versions/enumeratedversions.html"><cite>The Unicode Standard.</cite></a>. Defined by: The Unicode Standard, Version 6.2.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2012. ISBN 978-1-936213-07-8) , as updated from time to time by the publication of new versions URL: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/unicode/standard/versions/enumeratedversions.html">http://www.unicode.org/unicode/standard/versions/enumeratedversions.html</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-URI">[URI]</dt><dd>T. Berners-Lee; R. Fielding; L. Masinter. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"><cite>Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): generic syntax.</cite></a> January 2005. Internet RFC 3986. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-UNICODE">[UNICODE]</dt><dd>The Unicode Consortium. <a href="http://www.unicode.org/unicode/standard/versions/enumeratedversions.html"><cite>The Unicode Standard.</cite></a> Defined by: The Unicode Standard, Version 6.2.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2012. ISBN 978-1-936213-07-8) , as updated from time to time by the publication of new versions URL: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/unicode/standard/versions/enumeratedversions.html">http://www.unicode.org/unicode/standard/versions/enumeratedversions.html</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-UTF-8">[UTF-8]</dt><dd>F. Yergeau. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3629.txt"><cite>UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646</cite></a>. IETF RFC 3629. November 2003. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3629.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3629.txt</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-XML-NAMES">[XML-NAMES]</dt><dd>Richard Tobin; et al. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/"><cite>Namespaces in XML 1.0 (Third Edition).</cite></a> 8 December 2009. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-XML11">[XML11]</dt><dd>Eve Maler; et al. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816"><cite>Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.1 (Second Edition).</cite></a> 16 August 2006. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816">http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">[XMLSCHEMA11-2]</dt><dd>Henry S. Thompson; et al. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/"><cite>W3C XML Schema Definition Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 2: Datatypes.</cite></a> 5 April 2012. W3C Recommendation URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/</a>
-</dd></dl></div><div id="informative-references" class="section"><h3><span class="secno">C.2 </span>Informative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-PROV-AQ">[PROV-AQ]</dt><dd>Graham Klyne and Paul Groth, eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. 19 June 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/</a>.
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">[PROV-OVERVIEW]</dt><dd>AUTHORS TBD. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/"><cite>PROV-OVERVIEW: The PROV Family of Documents</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/</a>.
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-PRIMER">[PROV-PRIMER]</dt><dd>Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles, eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. 12 December 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/</a>.
+</dd></dl></section><section id="informative-references"><h3><span class="secno">C.2 </span>Informative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-PROV-AQ">[PROV-AQ]</dt><dd>Graham Klyne; Paul Groth; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. 19 June 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">[PROV-OVERVIEW]</dt><dd>Editors TBD. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/"><cite>PROV-OVERVIEW: The PROV Family of Documents</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-PRIMER">[PROV-PRIMER]</dt><dd>Yolanda Gil; Simon Miles; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-RDF">[PROV-RDF]</dt><dd>James Cheney <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF"><cite>PROV-RDF Mapping </cite></a>2012, Working in Progress. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-SEM">[PROV-SEM]</dt><dd>James Cheney. <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. 2011, Work in progress. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>.
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-XML">[PROV-XML]</dt><dd>Hook Hua, Curt Tilmes, and Stephan Zednik, eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/"><cite>PROV-XML: The PROV XML Schema</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/</a>.
-</dd><dt id="bib-UNISEC">[UNISEC]</dt><dd> Mark Davis and Michel Suignard. <a href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/"><cite>Unicode Security Considerations<cite></cite></cite></a>. 4 August 2010. URL: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/">http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/</a>
-</dd></dl></div></div></body></html>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-SEM">[PROV-SEM]</dt><dd>James Cheney; ed. <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. 2011, Work in progress. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-XML">[PROV-XML]</dt><dd>Hook Hua; Curt Tilmes; Stephan Zednik; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/"><cite>PROV-XML: The PROV XML Schema</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-UNISEC">[UNISEC]</dt><dd> Mark Davis; Michel Suignard. <a href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/"><cite>Unicode Security Considerations<cite></cite></cite></a>. 4 August 2010. URL: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/">http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/</a>
+</dd></dl></section></section></body></html>