| author | Tim L <lebot@rpi.edu> |
| Mon, 26 Nov 2012 16:48:55 -0500 | |
| changeset 5140 | b29bf3374f91 |
| parent 5139 | f6f03617633d |
| child 5141 | 476adfeeacae |
| ontology/releases/CR-prov-o-20121211/Overview.html | ||
| ontology/releases/CR-prov-o-20121211/diagrams/expanded-terms-example-bundlePost.svg | ||
| ontology/releases/CR-prov-o-20121211/diagrams/expanded.svg | ||
| ontology/releases/CR-prov-o-20121211/diagrams/starting-points-example.svg | ||
| ontology/releases/CR-prov-o-20121211/diagrams/starting-points.svg |
--- a/ontology/releases/CR-prov-o-20121211/Overview.html Mon Nov 26 16:45:31 2012 -0500 +++ b/ontology/releases/CR-prov-o-20121211/Overview.html Mon Nov 26 16:48:55 2012 -0500 @@ -797,10 +797,10 @@ } </style><link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-CR" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" charset="utf-8" /></head> - <body style="display: inherit;"><div class="head"><p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img width="72" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" alt="W3C" /></a></p><h1 class="title" id="title">PROV-O: The PROV Ontology</h1><h2 id="w3c-candidate-recommendation-11-december-2012"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Candidate Recommendation 11 December 2012</h2><dl><dt>This version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/</a></dd><dt>Latest published version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a></dd><dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt><dd><a href="https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/ontology/Overview.html">https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/ontology/Overview.html</a></dd><dt>Previous version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/</a></dd><dt>Editors:</dt><dd><a href="http://tw.rpi.edu/instances/TimLebo">Timothy Lebo</a>, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA</dd> + <body style="display: inherit;"><div class="head"><p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img width="72" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" alt="W3C" /></a></p><h1 class="title" id="title">PROV-O: The PROV Ontology</h1><h2 id="w3c-candidate-recommendation-11-december-2012"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Candidate Recommendation 11 December 2012</h2><dl><dt>This version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/</a></dd><dt>Latest published version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a></dd><dt>Previous version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/</a></dd><dt>Editors:</dt><dd><a href="http://tw.rpi.edu/instances/TimLebo">Timothy Lebo</a>, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA</dd> <dd><a href="http://cci.case.edu/cci/index.php/Satya_Sahoo">Satya Sahoo</a>, Case Western Reserve University, USA</dd> <dd><a href="http://tw.rpi.edu/instances/Deborah_L_McGuinness">Deborah McGuinness</a>, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA</dd> -<dt>Contributors:</dt><dd><span>(In alphabetical order)</span></dd> +<dt>Authors:</dt><dd><span>(In alphabetical order)</span></dd> <dd><a href="http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Khalid_Belhajjame">Khalid Belhajjame</a>, University of Manchester, UK</dd> <dd><a href="http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jcheney/">James Cheney</a>, University of Edinburgh, UK</dd> <dd><a href="http://homepages.abdn.ac.uk/dcorsar/pages/">David Corsar</a>, University of Aberdeen, UK</dd> @@ -811,44 +811,54 @@ </dl><p class="copyright"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> © 2011-2012 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym></a><sup>®</sup> (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.</p><hr /></div> <div id="abstract" class="introductory section"><h2>Abstract</h2> - <p>The PROV Ontology (PROV-O) expresses the PROV Data Model using the OWL2 Web Ontology Language (OWL2). It provides a set of classes, properties, and restrictions that can be used to represent and interchange provenance information generated in different systems and under different contexts. + <p>The PROV Ontology (PROV-O) expresses the PROV Data Model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] using the OWL2 Web Ontology Language (OWL2) [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-OWL2-OVERVIEW">OWL2-OVERVIEW</a></cite>]. It provides a set of classes, properties, and restrictions that can be used to represent and interchange provenance information generated in different systems and under different contexts. It can also be specialized to create new classes and properties to model provenance information for different applications and domains. + The <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/">PROV Document Overview</a> describes the overall state of PROV, and should be read before other PROV documents. </p> + <p style="text-align: center;">The namespace for all PROV-O terms is <span class="repeated">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</span>. </p> - <p style="text-align: center;">The OWL encoding of the PROV Ontology is available <a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o.owl">here</a>. + <p style="text-align: center;">The OWL encoding of the PROV Ontology is available <a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o">here</a>. </p> - </div><div id="sotd" class="introductory section"><h2>Status of This Document</h2><p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> technical reports index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em></p> - <h4 id="prov-family-of-documents">PROV Family of Documents</h4> - This document is part of the PROV family of documents, a set of documents defining various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable - interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. These documents are: - <ul> - <li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/">PROV-OVERVIEW</a> (Note), an overview of the PROV family of documents [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">PROV-OVERVIEW</a></cite>];</li> - <li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/">PROV-PRIMER</a> (Note), a primer for the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-PRIMER">PROV-PRIMER</a></cite>];</li> - <li> PROV-O (Recommendation), the PROV ontology, an OWL2 ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF (this document);</li> - <li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/">PROV-DM</a> (Recommendation), the PROV data model for provenance;</li> - <li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/">PROV-N</a> (Recommendation), a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>];</li> - <li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a> (Recommendation), a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>];</li> - <li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/">PROV-AQ</a> (Note), the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>]; </li> - <li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/">PROV-XML</a> (Note), an XML schema for the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>].</li> - - </ul> - <h4 id="how-to-read-the-prov-family-of-documentation">How to read the PROV Family of Documentation</h4> - <ul> - <li>The primer is the entry point to PROV offering an introduction to the provenance model.</li> - <li>The Linked Data and Semantic Web community should focus on PROV-O defining PROV classes and properties specified in an OWL2 ontology. For further details, PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS specify the constraints applicable to the data model, and its interpretation. </li> - <li>Developers seeking to retrieve or publish provenance should focus on PROV-AQ.</li> - <li>Readers seeking to implement other PROV serializations - should focus on PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS. PROV-O and PROV-N offer examples of mapping to RDF and text, respectively.</li> - </ul> - <p>This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/">Provenance Working Group</a> as a Candidate Recommendation. This document is intended to become a <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation. If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to <a href="mailto:public-prov-comments@w3.org">public-prov-comments@w3.org</a> (<a href="mailto:public-prov-comments-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>, <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/">archives</a>). <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> publishes a Candidate Recommendation to indicate that the document is believed to be stable and to encourage implementation by the developer community. This Candidate Recommendation is expected to advance to Proposed Recommendation no earlier than 31 January 2013. All feedback is welcome.</p><p>Publication as a Candidate Recommendation does not imply endorsement by the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.</p><p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>. <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>.</p></div><div id="toc" class="section"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#introduction" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#compliance" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.1 </span>Compliance with this Document</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#notations" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.2 </span>Notational Conventions</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#namespaces" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.3 </span>Namespaces</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-o-at-a-glance" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>PROV-O at a glance</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#description" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>The PROV-O Ontology Description</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#description-starting-point-terms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1 </span>Starting Point Terms</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#description-expanded-terms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2 </span>Expanded Terms</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#description-qualified-terms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3 </span>Qualified Terms</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#cross-reference" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span>Cross reference for PROV-O classes and properties</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#cross-reference-starting-point-terms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.1 </span>Starting Point Terms</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#cross-reference-expanded-terms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.2 </span>Expanded Terms</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#cross-reference-qualified-terms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3 </span>Qualified Terms</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-o-owl-profile" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A. </span>PROV-O OWL Profile</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#names-of-inverse-properties" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B. </span>Names of inverse properties</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#changes-since-wd-prov-o-20120724" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C. </span>Changes since WD-prov-o-20120724</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">D. </span>Acknowledgements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">E. </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">E.1 </span>Normative references</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">E.2 </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></div> + <h4 id="prov-family-of-documents">PROV Family of Documents</h4> + This document is part of the PROV family of documents, a set of documents defining various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable + interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. These documents are: + <ul> + <li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/">PROV-OVERVIEW</a> (To be published as Note), an overview of the PROV family of documents [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">PROV-OVERVIEW</a></cite>];</li> + <li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/">PROV-PRIMER</a> (To be published as Note), a primer for the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-PRIMER">PROV-PRIMER</a></cite>];</li> + <li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/">PROV-O</a> (Candidate Recommendation), the PROV ontology, an OWL2 ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF (this document);</li> + <li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/">PROV-DM</a> (Candidate Recommendation), the PROV data model for provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>];</li> + <li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/">PROV-N</a> (Candidate Recommendation), a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>];</li> + <li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a> (Candidate Recommendation), a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>];</li> + <li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/">PROV-AQ</a> (To be published as Note), the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>]; </li> + <li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/">PROV-XML</a> (To be published as Note), an XML schema for the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>].</li> + + </ul> + <h4 id="how-to-read-the-prov-family-of-documents">How to read the PROV Family of Documents</h4> + <ul> + <li>[<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">PROV-OVERVIEW</a></cite>] overviews the PROV family of documents. </li> + <li>The primer [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-PRIMER">PROV-PRIMER</a></cite>] is the entry point to PROV offering an introduction to the provenance model.</li> + <li>The Linked Data and Semantic Web community should focus on PROV-O defining PROV classes and properties specified in an OWL2 ontology. For further details, [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] and [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>] specify the constraints applicable to the data model, and its interpretation. </li> + <li>The XML community should focus on [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>] defining an XML schema for PROV. Further details can also be found in [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] and [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>].</li> + <li>Developers seeking to retrieve or publish provenance should focus on [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>].</li> + <li>Readers seeking to implement other PROV serializations + should focus on [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] and [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>]. PROV-O, [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>], and [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>] offer examples of mapping to RDF, text, and XML, respectively.</li> + </ul> + + <h4 id="please-comment-by-january-31--2013">Please Comment By January 31, 2013</h4> + + The Provenance Working Group seeks to gather experience from <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvImplementations">implementations</a> in order to increase confidence in the specifications and meet specific <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvCRExitCriteria">exit criteria</a>. This document will remain a Candidate Recommendation until at least 31 January 31, 2013. After that date, when and if the exit criteria are met, the group intends to request <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#RecsPR">Proposed Recommendation</a> status. + + + <p>This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/">Provenance Working Group</a> as a Candidate Recommendation. This document is intended to become a <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation. If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to <a href="mailto:public-prov-comments@w3.org">public-prov-comments@w3.org</a> (<a href="mailto:public-prov-comments-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>, <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/">archives</a>). <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> publishes a Candidate Recommendation to indicate that the document is believed to be stable and to encourage implementation by the developer community. This Candidate Recommendation is expected to advance to Proposed Recommendation no earlier than 31 January 2013. All feedback is welcome.</p><p>Publication as a Candidate Recommendation does not imply endorsement by the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.</p><p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>. <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>.</p></div><div id="toc" class="section"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#introduction" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#compliance" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.1 </span>Compliance with this Document</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#notations" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.2 </span>Notational Conventions</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#namespaces" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.3 </span>Namespaces</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-o-at-a-glance" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>PROV-O at a glance</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#description" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>The PROV-O Ontology Description</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#description-starting-point-terms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1 </span>Starting Point Terms</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#description-expanded-terms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2 </span>Expanded Terms</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#description-qualified-terms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3 </span>Qualified Terms</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#cross-reference" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span>Cross reference for PROV-O classes and properties</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#cross-reference-starting-point-terms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.1 </span>Starting Point Terms</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#cross-reference-expanded-terms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.2 </span>Expanded Terms</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#cross-reference-qualified-terms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3 </span>Qualified Terms</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#owl-profile" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A. </span>PROV-O OWL Profile</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#inverse-names" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B. </span>Names of inverse properties</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#changes-since-wd-prov-o-20120724" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C. </span>Changes since WD-prov-o-20120724</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">D. </span>Acknowledgements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">E. </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">E.1 </span>Normative references</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">E.2 </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></div> - - + + + <div id="introduction" class="section"> @@ -858,12 +868,25 @@ <p>The PROV Ontology (PROV-O) defines the OWL2 Web Ontology Language encoding of the PROV Data Model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>]. This document describes the set of classes, properties, and restrictions that constitute the PROV Ontology. This ontology specification provides the foundation to implement provenance applications in different domains that can represent, exchange, and integrate provenance information generated in different systems and under different contexts. Together with the PROV Access and Query [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>] and PROV Data Model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>], this document forms a framework for provenance information interchange in domain-specific Web-based applications. </p> <p> - PROV-O is lightweight so that it can be adopted in the widest range of applications. With the exception of <a href="#prov-o-owl-profile">five axioms</a>, PROV-O conforms to the OWL-RL profile [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-OWL2-PRIMER">OWL2-PRIMER</a></cite>]. The PROV Ontology classes and properties are defined such that they can not only be used directly to represent provenance information, but also can be specialized for modeling application-specific provenance details in a variety of domains. Thus, the PROV Ontology is expected to be both directly usable in applications as well as serve as a <i>reference model</i> for creating domain-specific provenance ontologies and thereby facilitates interoperable provenance modeling. To demonstrate the use of PROV-O classes and properties, this document uses an example provenance scenario similar to the one introduced in the PROV-Primer [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-PRIMER">PROV-PRIMER</a></cite>]. + PROV-O is a lightweight ontology that can be adopted in a wide range of applications. + With the exception of <a href="#prov-o-owl-profile">five axioms</a>, PROV-O conforms to the OWL-RL profile [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-OWL2-PRIMER">OWL2-PRIMER</a></cite>]. + The PROV Ontology classes and properties are defined such that they can not only be used directly to represent provenance information, + but also can be specialized for modeling application-specific provenance details in a variety of domains. + Thus, the PROV Ontology is expected to be both directly usable in applications as well as serve as a <i>reference model</i> + for creating domain-specific provenance ontologies and thereby facilitates interoperable provenance modeling. + To demonstrate the use of PROV-O classes and properties, this document uses an example provenance scenario similar to the one introduced in the PROV-Primer [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-PRIMER">PROV-PRIMER</a></cite>]. </p> - <p> The PROV Data Model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] introduces a set of concepts to represent provenance information in a variety of application domains. This document maps the PROV Data Model to PROV Ontology using the OWL2 ontology language [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-OWL2-RDF-BASED-SEMANTICS">OWL2-RDF-BASED-SEMANTICS</a></cite>]. + <p> The PROV Data Model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] introduces a set of concepts to represent provenance information in a variety of application domains. This document maps the PROV Data Model to PROV Ontology using the OWL2 ontology language [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-OWL2-OVERVIEW">OWL2-OVERVIEW</a></cite>]. </p> - <p> We briefly introduce some of the OWL2 modeling terms that will be used to describe the PROV Ontology. An OWL2 <i>instance</i> is an individual object in a domain of discourse, for example a person named Alice or a car, and a set of individuals sharing a set of additional characteristics is called a <i>class</i>. Person and Car are examples of classes representing the set of individual persons and cars respectively. The OWL2 object properties are used to link individuals, classes, or create a property hierarchy. For example, the object property "hasOwner" can be used to link car with person. The OWL2 datatype properties are used to link individuals or classes to data values, including XML Schema datatypes [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">XMLSCHEMA11-2</a></cite>]. + <p> We briefly introduce some of the OWL2 modeling terms that will be used to describe the PROV Ontology. + An OWL2 <i>instance</i> is an individual object in a domain of discourse, for example a person named Alice or a car named KITT. + A set of individuals sharing common characteristics constitutes a <i>class</i>. + + Person and Car are examples of classes representing the set of individual persons and cars respectively. + The OWL2 object properties are used to link individuals, classes, or create a property hierarchy. + For example, the object property "hasOwner" can be used to link car with person. + The OWL2 datatype properties are used to link individuals or classes to data values, including XML Schema datatypes [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">XMLSCHEMA11-2</a></cite>]. </p> <div id="compliance" class="section"> @@ -871,8 +894,9 @@ <p>For the purpose of compliance, the normative sections of this document are <a href="#compliance">Section 1.1</a>, <a href="#notations">Section 1.2</a>, - <a href="#description">Section 3</a>, and - <a href="#cross-reference">Section 4</a>. + <a href="#description">Section 3</a>, + <a href="#cross-reference">Section 4</a>, and + <a href="#inverse-names">Appendix B</a> </p> <ul> <li>Information in tables is normative if it appears in a normative section.</li> @@ -889,7 +913,7 @@ <div class="informative section" id="namespaces"> <h3><span class="secno">1.3 </span>Namespaces</h3><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p> - <p>The following namespaces prefixes are used throughout this document. + <p>The following namespace prefixes are used throughout this document. </p><div style="text-align: left;"> <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> @@ -898,15 +922,15 @@ <tbody><tr><td><a><b>prefix</b></a></td><td><b>namespace IRI</b></td> <td><b>definition</b></td></tr> - <tr><td><a>prov</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</td> - <td>The PROV namespace [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>]</td></tr> + <tr><td><a>rdf</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#</td><td>The RDF namespace [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">RDF-CONCEPTS</a></cite>]</td></tr> <tr><td><a>xsd</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema#</td><td>XML Schema Namespace [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">XMLSCHEMA11-2</a></cite>]</td></tr> - <tr><td><a>rdf</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#</td><td>The RDF namespace [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">RDF-CONCEPTS</a></cite>]</td></tr> - <tr><td><a>owl</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#</td><td>The OWL namespace [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-OWL2-OVERVIEW">OWL2-OVERVIEW</a></cite>]</td></tr> + <tr><td><a>prov</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</td> + <td>The PROV namespace [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>]</td></tr> + <tr><td><a>(others)</a></td><td>(various)</td><td>All other namespace prefixes are used in examples only. <br /> In particular, IRIs starting with "http://example.com" represent<br /> some application-dependent IRI [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-IRI">IRI</a></cite>]</td></tr> </tbody></table> @@ -914,10 +938,10 @@ </div> </div> - <div id="prov-o-at-a-glance" class="section"> + <div id="prov-o-at-a-glance" class="informative section"> <!-- OddPage --> -<h2><span class="secno">2. </span>PROV-O at a glance</h2> +<h2><span class="secno">2. </span>PROV-O at a glance</h2><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p> <p>PROV-O users may only need to use parts of the entire ontology, depending on their needs and according to how much detail they want to include in their provenance information. For this, the PROV-O terms (classes and properties) are grouped into three categories to provide an incremental introduction to the ontology: Starting Point terms, Expanded terms, and terms for Qualifying relationships. </p> @@ -1249,24 +1273,30 @@ and during their lifespan can <strong>use</strong> and <strong>generate</strong> a variety of Entities (described with <a href="#used" class="qname">prov:used</a> and <a href="#wasGeneratedBy" class="qname">prov:wasGeneratedBy</a>, respectively). For example, a blog writing activity may use a particular dataset and generate a bar chart. - By applying usage and generation, one can construct provenance chains comprising both Activities and Entities. + By expressing usage and generation, one can construct provenance chains comprising both Activities and Entities. </p> <p>In addition, we can say that an Activity <a href="#wasInformedBy" class="qname">prov:wasInformedBy</a> another Activity to provide some dependency information without explicitly providing the activities' start and end times. A <span class="repeated">prov:wasInformedBy</span> relation between Activities suggests that the informed Activity used an Entity that was generated by the informing - Activity, but the Entity itself is not interesting or is unknown. - So, the <span class="repeated">prov:wasInformedBy</span> property allows the assertion of provenance chains comprising only Activities. + Activity, but the Entity itself is unknown or is not of interest. + So, the <span class="repeated">prov:wasInformedBy</span> property allows the construction of provenance chains comprising only Activities. </p> <p>Provenance chains comprising only Entities can be formed using the <a href="#wasDerivedFrom" class="qname">prov:wasDerivedFrom</a> property. - A derivation is a transformation of one entity into another. For example, if the Activity that created the bar chart is not interesting or is unknown, + A derivation is a transformation of one entity into another. For example, if the Activity that created the bar chart is not known or is not of interest, then we can say that the bar chart <span class="repeated">prov:wasDerivedFrom</span> the dataset. - Arbitrary RDF properties can be used to describe the fixed aspects of an Entity that are interesting to a particular application (for example, + Arbitrary RDF properties can be used to describe the fixed aspects of an Entity that are interesting within a particular application (for example, the file size and format of the dataset, or the aspect ratio of the bar chart). </p> - <p>An Agent can be responsible for an Activity or an Entity, which is described using the properties <a href="#wasAssociatedWith" class="qname">prov:wasAssociatedWith</a> and <a href="#wasAttributedTo" class="qname">prov:wasAttributedTo</a>, respectively. Agents can also be responsible for other Agents' actions. In this case, the Agent that influenced an Activity or Entity <a href="#actedOnBehalfOf" class="qname">prov:actedOnBehalfOf</a> another Agent that also bears some responsibility for the resulting Activity or Entity. + <p>While the properties <span class="repeated">prov:used</span>, <span class="repeated">prov:wasGeneratedBy</span>, + <span class="repeated">prov:wasInformedBy</span>, and <span class="repeated">prov:wasDerivedFrom</span> can be used to construct provenance chains among + Activities and Entities, Agents may also be ascribed responsibility for any Activity or Entity within a provenance chain. + An Agent's responsibility for an Activity or Entity is described using the properties <a href="#wasAssociatedWith" class="qname">prov:wasAssociatedWith</a> and + <a href="#wasAttributedTo" class="qname">prov:wasAttributedTo</a>, respectively. + Agents can also be responsible for other Agents' actions. In this case of delegation, the influencing Agent <a href="#actedOnBehalfOf" class="qname">prov:actedOnBehalfOf</a> + another Agent that also bears responsibility for the influenced Activity or Entity. </p><div id="starting-points-figure" style="text-align: center;" class="figure"> @@ -1277,8 +1307,10 @@ <img src="diagrams/starting-points.svg" style="width: 60%; min-width: 25em; max-width: 60em" alt="PROV-O Starting Point terms" /> <div class="figcaption"><a href="#starting-points-figure">Figure 1</a>. - The three Starting Point classes and the properties that relate them. - The diagrams in this document depict Entities as yellow ovals, Activities as blue rectangles, and Agents as orange pentagons. + The three Starting Point classes and the properties that relate them.<br /> + The diagrams in this document depict Entities as yellow ovals,<br /> + Activities as blue rectangles, and Agents as orange pentagons.<br /> + The responsibility properties are shown in pink. </div> </div> @@ -1287,14 +1319,27 @@ <a href="#narrative-example-simple-1">Example 1</a>: The following PROV-O describes the resources involved when creating a chart about crime statistics. The example uses only Starting Point terms and serves as a basis for elaboration that will be described in subsequent sections. In the example, Derek performs an aggregation of some government crime data, grouping by national regions that are described in a separate dataset by a civil action group. </p> <pre rel="prov:wasQuotedFrom" resource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/tip/ontology/khalid-jun-dropbox/eg16-journalism-simple-without-comments.ttl" class="example">@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . +@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> . -@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix : <http://example.org#> . :bar_chart a prov:Entity; - prov:wasGeneratedBy :illustrationActivity; - prov:wasDerivedFrom :aggregatedByRegions; + prov:wasGeneratedBy :illustrationActivity; + prov:wasDerivedFrom :aggregatedByRegions; + prov:wasAttributedTo :derek; +. + +:derek + a foaf:Person, prov:Agent; + foaf:givenName "Derek"; + foaf:mbox <mailto:derek@example.org>; + prov:actedOnBehalfOf :natonal_newspaper_inc; +. + +:national_newspaper_inc + a foaf:Organization, prov:Agent; + foaf:name "National Newspaper, Inc."; . :illustrationActivity @@ -1306,7 +1351,8 @@ :aggregatedByRegions a prov:Entity; - prov:wasGeneratedBy :aggregationActivity; + prov:wasGeneratedBy :aggregationActivity; + prov:wasAttributedTo :derek; . :aggregationActivity @@ -1322,61 +1368,46 @@ a prov:Entity; prov:wasAttributedTo :government; . +:government a foaf:Organization, prov:Agent . + :nationalRegionsList a prov:Entity; prov:wasAttributedTo :civil_action_group; . - -:aggregatedByRegions prov:wasAttributedTo :derek . -:bar_chart prov:wasAttributedTo :derek . - -:derek - a prov:Agent; - a foaf:Person; - foaf:givenName "Derek"^^xsd:string; - foaf:mbox <mailto:derek@example.org>; - prov:actedOnBehalfOf :natonal_newspaper_inc; -. - -:national_newspaper_inc - a prov:Agent; - a prov:Organization; - foaf:name "National Newspaper, Inc."; -. - -:government a prov:Organization, foaf:Organization . -:civil_action_group a prov:Organization, foaf:Organization .</pre> +:civil_action_group a foaf:Organization, prov:Agent .</pre> </div> - <p>The example states that the agent <code>ex:derek</code> was associated with two - activities: <code>ex:aggregationActivity</code> and <code>ex:illustrationActivity</code>. The - activity <code>ex:aggregationActivity</code> used - the entities <code>ex:crimeData</code> (a crime statistics dataset) and <code>ex:nationalRegionsList</code> (a list of national regions), and - generated a new entity, <code>ex:aggregatedByRegions</code>, that aggregates the statistics in - <code>ex:crimeData</code> according to the regions in <code>ex:nationalRegionsList</code>. - The <code>ex:aggregatedByRegions</code> entity was then used by the <code>ex:illustrationActivity</code> activity, - to generate a new entity <code>ex:chart1</code> that depicts the aggregated statistics. + <p>The example states that the agent <code>:derek</code> was associated with two + activities: <code>:aggregationActivity</code> and <code>:illustrationActivity</code>. The + activity <code>:aggregationActivity</code> used + the entities <code>:crimeData</code> (a crime statistics dataset) and <code>:nationalRegionsList</code> (a list of national regions), and + generated a new entity, <code>:aggregatedByRegions</code> that aggregates the statistics in + <code>:crimeData</code> according to the regions in <code>:nationalRegionsList</code>. + The <code>:aggregatedByRegions</code> entity was then used by the <code>:illustrationActivity</code> activity, + to generate a new entity <code>:bar_chart</code> that depicts the aggregated statistics. </p> - <p> The example also states that the activity <code>ex:illustrationActivity</code> was - informed by the activity <code>ex:aggregationActivity</code>. Indeed, the former used - the entity <code>ex:aggregatedByRegions</code>, which was generated by the latter. + <p> The example also states that the activity <code>:illustrationActivity</code> was + informed by the activity <code>:aggregationActivity</code>. Indeed, the former used + the entity <code>:aggregatedByRegions</code>, which was generated by the latter. </p> - <p> Because the agent <code>ex:derek</code> was associated with the activities - <code>ex:aggregationActivity</code> and <code>ex:illustrationActivity</code>, the entities - generated by these activities, i.e., <code>ex:aggregatedByRegions</code> and <code>ex:chart1</code>, were + <p> Because the agent <code>:derek</code> was associated with the activities + <code>:aggregationActivity</code> and <code>:illustrationActivity</code>, the entities + generated by these activities, i.e., <code>:aggregatedByRegions</code> and <code>:bar_chart</code>, were also attributed to him. </p> - <p>Finally, the example states that the agent <code>ex:derek</code> acted on behalf of the organization <code>ex:national_newspaper_inc</code>. + <p>Finally, the example states that the agent <code>:derek</code> acted on behalf of the organization <code>:national_newspaper_inc</code>. </p> <div id="narrative-example-simple-1-figure" style="text-align: center;" class="figure"> <img src="diagrams/starting-points-example.svg" style="width: 90%; min-width: 25em; max-width: 60em" alt="Illustration of Derek making a bar chart from some aggregated government data." /> <div class="figcaption"><a href="#narrative-example-simple-1-figure">Figure 2</a>. - The three Starting Point classes and the properties that relate them. - The diagrams in this document depict Entities as yellow ovals, Activities as blue rectangles, and Agents as orange pentagons. + A graphical illustration of the PROV-O in <a href="#narrative-example-simple-1">Example 1</a>, + showing how the three Starting Point classes relate.<br /> + The diagrams in this document depict Entities as yellow ovals, Activities as blue rectangles,<br /> + and Agents as orange pentagons. The responsibility properties are shown in pink. </div> </div> @@ -1387,315 +1418,333 @@ <div id="description-expanded-terms" class="section"> <h3><span class="secno">3.2 </span>Expanded Terms</h3> - <p>The terms introduced in this section provide additional ways to describe the provenance among Entities, Activities, and Agents. + <p>The terms introduced in this section provide additional ways to describe the provenance among Entities, Activities, and Agents. The additional terms are illustrated in the following figure and can be separated into five different categories.</p> <div id="expanded-terms-figure" style="text-align: center;" class="figure"> <img src="diagrams/expanded.svg" style="width: 60%; min-width: 25em; max-width: 60em" alt="PROV-O Starting Point terms" /> - <div class="figcaption"><a href="#expanded-terms-figure">Figure 3</a>. The expanded terms build upon those in the Starting Points section. <br /> - The diagrams in this document depict Entities as yellow ovals, Activities as blue rectangles, and Agents as orange pentagons. + <div class="figcaption"><a href="#expanded-terms-figure">Figure 3</a>. + The expanded terms build upon those in the <a href="#description-starting-point-terms">Starting Points section</a>.<br /> + The diagrams in this document depict Entities as yellow ovals, Activities as blue rectangles, and Agents as orange pentagons.<br /> The domain of <a href="#atLocation">prov:atLocation</a> (<span class="repeated">prov:Activity</span> or <span class="repeated">prov:Entity</span> or <span class="repeated">prov:Agent</span> or <span class="repeated">prov:InstantaneousEvent</span>) is not illustrated. </div> </div> - <p>The <strong>first</strong> category extends the <a href="#description-starting-point-terms">Starting Point terms</a> with subclasses, subproperties, and one superproperty.</p> - - <p>Three subclasses of Agent (<a href="#Person" class="qname">prov:Person</a>, <a href="#Organization" class="qname">prov:Organization</a>, and + <p>The <strong>first</strong> category extends the <a href="#description-starting-point-terms">Starting Point terms</a> with subclasses, subproperties, and a superproperty.</p> + + <p>Three subclasses of Agent (<a href="#Person" class="qname">prov:Person</a>, <a href="#Organization" class="qname">prov:Organization</a>, and <a href="#SoftwareAgent" class="qname">prov:SoftwareAgent</a>) and - three subclasses of Entity are provided (<a href="#Collection" class="qname">prov:Collection</a>, <a href="#Bundle" class="qname">prov:Bundle</a>, - and <a href="#Plan" class="qname">prov:Plan</a>). + three subclasses of Entity are provided (<a href="#Collection" class="qname">prov:Collection</a>, <a href="#Bundle" class="qname">prov:Bundle</a>, + and <a href="#Plan" class="qname">prov:Plan</a>). </p> <p> - A <span class="repeated">prov:Collection</span> is an Entity that provides a structure (e.g. set, list, etc.) to some constituents (which are themselves Entities). - The <span class="repeated">prov:Collection</span> class can be used to express the provenance of the collection itself: - e.g. who maintains the collection (attribution), which members it contains as it evolves, and how it was assembled. + A <span class="repeated">prov:Collection</span> is an Entity that provides a structure (e.g. set, list, etc.) to some constituents (which are themselves Entities). + The <span class="repeated">prov:Collection</span> class can be used to express the provenance of the collection itself: + e.g. who maintained the collection, which members it contained as it evolved, and how it was assembled. The <a href="#hadMember" class="qname">prov:hadMember</a> property is used to assert membership in a collection. </p> <div id="description-bundle"> <p> - A <span class="repeated">prov:Bundle</span> is a named set of provenance descriptions, which may itself have provenance. - The named provenance descriptions may be expressed as PROV-O or in some other form. - The subclass of Bundle that contains PROV-O assertions is not provided by PROV-O, since it is more appropriate to do so using other recommendations, - standards, or technologies. In any case, a Bundle of PROV-O assertions is an abstract set of RDF triples, and adding or removing a triple creates a distinct + A <span class="repeated">prov:Bundle</span> is a named set of provenance descriptions, which may itself have provenance. + The named set of provenance descriptions may be expressed as PROV-O or any other form. + The subclass of Bundle that names a set of PROV-O assertions is not provided by PROV-O, since it is more appropriate to do so using other recommendations, + standards, or technologies. In any case, a Bundle of PROV-O assertions is an abstract set of RDF triples, and adding or removing a triple creates a new distinct Bundle of PROV-O assertions. </p> </div> - <p>A <span class="repeated">prov:Plan</span> is an entity that represents a set of actions or steps intended by one or more agents to achieve some goals. + <p>A <span class="repeated">prov:Plan</span> is an entity that represents a set of actions or steps intended by one or more agents to achieve some goals. </p> <p> - More general and more specific properties are also provided by the expanded terms. More generally, the property - <a href="#wasInfluencedBy" class="qname">prov:wasInfluencedBy</a> is a superproperty that relates any influenced Entity, Activity, or Agent to any other - influencing Entity, Activity, or Agent that had an effect on its characteristics. - - More specifically, three subproperties of <span class="repeated">prov:wasDerivedFrom</span> are provided for certain kinds of derivation among Entities: + More general and more specific properties are also provided by the expanded terms. More generally, the property + <a href="#wasInfluencedBy" class="qname">prov:wasInfluencedBy</a> is a superproperty that relates any influenced Entity, Activity, or Agent to any other + influencing Entity, Activity, or Agent that had an effect on its characteristics. + + Three subproperties of <span class="repeated">prov:wasDerivedFrom</span> are also provided for certain kinds of derivation among Entities: <a href="#wasQuotedFrom" class="qname">prov:wasQuotedFrom</a> cites a potentially larger Entity (such as a book, blog, or image) from which a new Entity was created - by repeating some or all of the original, - <a href="#wasRevisionOf" class="qname">prov:wasRevisionOf</a> indicates that the derived Entity contains substantial content from the original Entity - (e.g., two editions of a book), and - <a href="#hadPrimarySource" class="qname">prov:hadPrimarySource</a> cites an older Entity produced by some agent with direct experience and - knowledge about the topic (such as a reading from a sensor, or a journal written during an historical event). + by repeating some or all of the original, + <a href="#wasRevisionOf" class="qname">prov:wasRevisionOf</a> indicates that the derived Entity contains substantial content from the original Entity + (e.g., two editions of a book), and + <a href="#hadPrimarySource" class="qname">prov:hadPrimarySource</a> cites a preceding Entity produced by some agent with direct experience and + knowledge about the topic (such as a reading from a sensor, or a journal written during an historical event). </p> - - <p>The <strong>second</strong> category relates Entities according to their levels of abstraction, where some Entities may present more specific aspects than their more general counterparts. - While <a href="#specializationOf" class="qname">prov:specializationOf</a> links a more specific Entity to a more general one (e.g., today's BBC news home page versus BBC's news home page on any day), <a href="#alternateOf" class="qname">prov:alternateOf</a> links Entities that present aspects of the same thing, but not necessarily the same aspects or at the same time (e.g., the serialization of a document in different formats). + + <p>The <strong>second</strong> category of expanded terms relates Entities according to their levels of abstraction, where some Entities may present more specific aspects than their more general counterparts. + While <a href="#specializationOf" class="qname">prov:specializationOf</a> links a more specific Entity to a more general one (e.g., today's BBC news home page versus BBC's news home page on any day), <a href="#alternateOf" class="qname">prov:alternateOf</a> links Entities that present aspects of the same thing, but not necessarily the same aspects or at the same time (e.g., the serialization of a document in different formats or a backup copy of a computer file). </p> - + <p> - The <strong>third</strong> category allows further description of Entities. The property <a href="#value" class="qname">prov:value</a> holds a literal value for the Entity. For example, the <span class="repeated">prov:value</span> of a quote could be a string of the sentences stated, or the <span class="repeated">prov:value</span> of an Entity involved in a numeric calculation could be the xsd:integer four. - The property <a href="#atLocation" class="qname">prov:atLocation</a> can be used to describe the <a href="#Location" class="qname">prov:Location</a> of any - Entity, Activity, Agent, or <a href="#InstantaneousEvent" class="qname">prov:InstantaneousEvent</a> - (i.e., generation, usage, or invalidation of an entity and the starting or ending of an activity). - The properties used to describe instances of <span class="repeated">prov:Location</span> are outside the scope of PROV-O; + The <strong>third</strong> category of expanded terms allows further description of Entities. The property <a href="#value" class="qname">prov:value</a> + provides a literal value that is a direct representation of an entity. + For example, the <span class="repeated">prov:value</span> of a quote could be a string of the sentences stated, or the <span class="repeated">prov:value</span> of an Entity involved in a numeric calculation could be the xsd:integer four. + The property <a href="#atLocation" class="qname">prov:atLocation</a> can be used to describe the <a href="#Location" class="qname">prov:Location</a> of any + Entity, Activity, Agent, or <a href="#InstantaneousEvent" class="qname">prov:InstantaneousEvent</a> + (i.e., the starting or ending of an activity or the generation, usage, or invalidation of an entity). + The properties used to describe instances of <span class="repeated">prov:Location</span> are outside the scope of PROV-O; reuse of other existing vocabulary is encouraged. </p> - - <p>The <strong>fourth</strong> category describes the lifetime of an Entity beyond being <strong>generated</strong> by an Activity and <strong>used</strong> by other Activities. For example, a painting could not have been displayed before it was painted, and it could not be sold after it was destroyed by fire. - Similar to how Activities have start and end times, an Entity may be bound by points in time for which it was generated or is no longer usable. -The properties <a href="#generatedAtTime" class="qname">prov:generatedAtTime</a> and <a href="#invalidatedAtTime" class="qname">prov:invalidatedAtTime</a> can be used to bound the starting and ending moments of an Entity's existence. The Activities that led to the generation or invalidation of an Entity can be provided using <span class="repeated">prov:wasGeneratedBy</span> and <a href="#wasInvalidatedBy" class="qname">prov:wasInvalidatedBy</a>, respectively. -<a href="#generated" class="qname">prov:generated</a> and <a href="#invalidated" class="qname">prov:invalidated</a> are the inverses of <span class="repeated">prov:wasGeneratedBy</span> and <span class="repeated">prov:wasInvalidatedBy</span>, respectively, and are defined to facilitate Activity-as-subject as well as Entity-as-subject descriptions. + + <p>The <strong>fourth</strong> category of expanded terms describes the lifetime of an Entity beyond being <strong>generated</strong> by an Activity and <strong>used</strong> by other Activities. For example, a painting could not have been displayed before it was painted, and it could not be sold after it was destroyed by fire. + Similar to how Activities have start and end times, an Entity may be bound by points in time for which it was generated or is no longer usable. +The properties <a href="#generatedAtTime" class="qname">prov:generatedAtTime</a> and <a href="#invalidatedAtTime" class="qname">prov:invalidatedAtTime</a> can be used to bound the starting and ending moments of an Entity's existence. The Activities that led to the generation or invalidation of an Entity can be provided using <span class="repeated">prov:wasGeneratedBy</span> and <a href="#wasInvalidatedBy" class="qname">prov:wasInvalidatedBy</a>, respectively. +<a href="#generated" class="qname">prov:generated</a> and <a href="#invalidated" class="qname">prov:invalidated</a> are the inverses of <span class="repeated">prov:wasGeneratedBy</span> and <span class="repeated">prov:wasInvalidatedBy</span>, respectively, and are defined to facilitate Activity-as-subject as well as Entity-as-subject descriptions. + For more about inverses, see the non-normative <a href="#names-of-inverse-properties">Appendix B</a>. </p> - <p>The <strong>fifth</strong> category describes the lifetime of an Activity beyond its start and end times and predecessor Activities. - Activities may also be started or ended by Entities, which are described using the properties <a href="#wasStartedBy" class="qname">prov:wasStartedBy</a> and <a href="#wasEndedBy" class="qname">prov:wasEndedBy</a>, respectively. Since Entities may start or end Activities, and Agents may be Entities, then Agents may also start or end Activities. + <p>The <strong>fifth</strong> category of expanded terms describes the lifetime of an Activity beyond its start and end times and predecessor Activities. + Activities may also be started or ended by Entities, which are described using the properties <a href="#wasStartedBy" class="qname">prov:wasStartedBy</a> + and <a href="#wasEndedBy" class="qname">prov:wasEndedBy</a>, respectively. Since Entities may start or end Activities, and Agents may be Entities, + then Agents may also start or end Activities. </p> <div id="narrative-example-expanded-1" about="#narrative-example-expanded-1" typeof="prov:Entity" class="exampleOuter" xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"> - <p>We illustrate below the use of the expanded terms using the crime file example from the previous section as reference. After his previous actions, Derek then published a post about - his work with the aggregated file. - </p> - <p> - <a href="#narrative-example-expanded-1">Example 2</a>: - </p> - - <pre rel="prov:wasQuotedFrom" resource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/tip/examples/eg-25-extended-crime-file-example/rdf/extended-crime-file-pt1.ttl" class="example">@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . + <p>The following examples illustrate the expanded terms by elaborating the <a href="#narrative-example-simple-1">crime chart example</a> from the previous section. + After aggregating the dataset and creating the chart, Derek published a post to exhibit his work. + </p> + <p> + <a href="#narrative-example-expanded-1">Example 2</a>: + </p> + + <pre rel="prov:wasQuotedFrom" resource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/tip/examples/eg-25-extended-crime-file-example/rdf/extended-crime-file-pt1.ttl" class="example">@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix sioc: <http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#> . @prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> . -@prefix my: <http://example.org/my#> . -@prefix : <http://example.org#> . - - - <> a prov:Bundle, prov:Entity ; - prov:wasAttributedTo :postEditor; - prov:generatedAtTime "2011-07-16T02:52:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime; - :involvedUser :derek. - - :derek - a prov:Person, prov:Agent, foaf:Person; ## Typically prov:Agent will be inferred from prov:Person - foaf:givenName "Derek"^^xsd:string; - foaf:mbox <mailto:derek@example.org>; - prov:actedOnBehalfOf :national_newspaper_inc; - . - - :national_newspaper_inc - a prov:Organization, prov:Agent; ## Typically prov:Agent will be inferred from prov:Organization - foaf:name "National Newspaper, Inc."; - . - - :postEditor - a prov:SoftwareAgent, prov:Agent; ## Typically prov:Agent will be inferred from prov:SoftwareAgent - foaf:name "Post Editor 3000"; - . - - :government a prov:Organization, foaf:Organization . - - :aggregatedByRegions - a prov:Entity; - prov:atLocation <file://Users/aggr.txt>; - . - - :crimeData - a prov:Entity; - prov:wasAttributedTo :government; - . - - :more-crime-happens-in-cities - a prov:Location, sioc:Post, prov:Entity; - sioc:latest_version :post9821v2; - sioc:previous_version :post9821v1; - . - - ## Version 1 of the post - - :post9821v1 - a prov:Entity, sioc:Post; - prov:wasGeneratedBy :publicationActivity1123; - prov:atLocation :more-crime-happens-in-cities; ## PERMALINK to the (latest revision of the) post - my:snapshotContent :postContent0; ## Snapshot with the content of this version - sioc:title "More crime happens in cities"^^xsd:string; - prov:hadPrimarySource :crimeData; ## This version of the post used the file "crimeData" as a primary source. - ## The author stated that he based his post in the aggregatedByRegions file, - ## but the primary source is the file created by the government. - prov:wasAttributedTo :derek; - prov:generatedAtTime "2011-07-16T01:52:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime; - . - - ## Version 2 of the post - - :post9821v2 - a prov:Entity, sioc:Post; - prov:atLocation :more-crime-happens-in-cities; ## PERMALINK to the (latest revision of the) post - my:snapshotContent :postContent1; ## Snapshot with the content of this version - prov:wasRevisionOf :post9821v1; - prov:alternateOf :post9821v1; - prov:wasAttributedTo :derek; - . - - :publicationActivity1123 - a prov:Activity; - prov:startedAtTime "2011-07-16T01:01:01Z"^^xsd:dateTime; - prov:endedAtTime "2011-07-16T01:52:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime; - prov:wasAssociatedWith :derek, - :postEditor; - prov:used :aggregatedByRegions; - prov:generated :post9821v1; - prov:wasStartedBy :derek; - prov:wasEndedBy :derek - .</pre> +@prefix my: <http://www.example.org/vocab#> . +@prefix : <http://www.example.org#> . +@base <http://www.example.com/derek-bundle.ttl> . + +<> + a prov:Bundle, prov:Entity; + prov:wasAttributedTo :postEditor; + prov:generatedAtTime "2011-07-16T02:52:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime; +. + +:derek + a prov:Person, prov:Agent; ## prov:Agent is inferred from prov:Person + foaf:givenName "Derek"; + foaf:mbox <mailto:derek@example.org>; + prov:actedOnBehalfOf :national_newspaper_inc; +. + +:national_newspaper_inc + a prov:Organization, prov:Agent; ## prov:Agent is inferred from prov:Organization + foaf:name "National Newspaper, Inc."; +. + +:postEditor + a prov:SoftwareAgent, prov:Agent; ## prov:Agent is inferred from prov:SoftwareAgent + foaf:name "Post Editor 3000"; +. + +:more-crime-happens-in-cities + a sioc:Post, prov:Entity; + sioc:latest_version :post9821v2; + sioc:previous_version :post9821v1; +. + +## Version 1 of the post + +:post9821v1 + a sioc:Post, prov:Entity; + prov:specializationOf :more-crime-happens-in-cities; ## PERMALINK to the latest revision. + sioc:title "More crime happens in cities"; + prov:value "I was currius..."; ## The text of this version (with a typo). + prov:generatedAtTime "2011-07-16T01:52:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime; + prov:wasGeneratedBy :publicationActivity1123; + prov:wasInfluencedBy :aggregatedByRegions; ## This blog was influenced by Derek's data analysis. + prov:hadPrimarySource :crimeData; ## Derek's blog derives from the crime data originally + ## gathered by the government. + prov:invalidatedAtTime "2011-07-16T02:02:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime; +. + +:publicationActivity1123 + a prov:Activity; + prov:startedAtTime "2011-07-16T01:01:01Z"^^xsd:dateTime; + prov:wasStartedBy :derek; + prov:wasAssociatedWith :postEditor; + prov:generated :post9821v1; + prov:endedAtTime "2011-07-16T01:52:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime; + prov:wasEndedBy :derek; +. + +:aggregatedByRegions + a prov:Entity; + prov:atLocation <file://Users/aggr.txt>; +. +<file://Users/aggr.txt> a prov:Location . + +:crimeData + a prov:Entity; + prov:wasAttributedTo :government; +. +:government + a prov:Organization, prov:Agent; +. + +## Version 2 of the post + +:post9821v2 + a sioc:Post, prov:Entity; + prov:specializationOf :more-crime-happens-in-cities; ## PERMALINK to the latest revision. + prov:value "I was curious..."; ## The text of this version (with fixed typo). + prov:generatedAtTime "2011-07-16T02:02:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime; + prov:wasRevisionOf :post9821v1; + prov:alternateOf :post9821v1; +.</pre> </div> - - <p> - Agent <code>ex:derek</code>, acting again on behalf of the <code>:national_newspaper_inc</code> organization, - published a post about his recent changes to the aggregated file (<code>ex:aggregatedByRegions</code>) using the tool <code>ex:postEditor</code> (which was included in a user action tracking system compliant to PROV). - Since he was the one who started and ended the publishing activity (<code>ex:publicationActivity1123</code>), that information - was recorded as well. The post produced by <code>ex:derek</code> (<code>ex:post9821v1</code>) included a permanent link where the content of the latest version is shown - (<code>ex:more-crime-happens-in-cities</code>) plus a snapshot of the content of the current version (<code>ex:postContent0</code>). Derek also added additional metadata of the post, like the title. + + <p>Agent <code>:derek</code>, acting again on behalf of the <code>:national_newspaper_inc</code> organization, + used the <code>:postEditor</code> tool to publish a post about his recent data analysis <code>:aggregatedByRegions</code>. + The blog editing tool tracked Derek's actions as PROV-O assertions and published them as a Bundle (the current file <code><></code>). + The tool recorded that <code>:derek</code> started and ended the publishing activity (<code>:publicationActivity1123</code>) + that generated the post <code>:post9821v1</code>. The post + included a permanent link where the content of the latest version is available + (<code>:more-crime-happens-in-cities</code>) in addition to a textual snapshot of the current version (using prov:value). + Derek also included additional domain-specific descriptions of the post, such as its title. </p> - <p> - However, shortly after having published the post, Derek detected a typo. He didn't want to record the activity that led to the new version, so he just created a new version and - summarized the changes in a revision of the original post (<code>ex:post9821v2</code>). This revision was also an alternate of the original post, - since they were both forms of the long-standing blog. - Thus, the permalink to the latest version (<code>ex:more-crime-happens-in-cities</code>) remained the same in the new revision, but a different URL was given for its snapshot (<code>ex:postContent1</code>). - </p> + + <p>Shortly after publishing the post, Derek noticed a typographical error in his narrative. + Because the fix would be minimal, he did not record the activity that led to the new version. + Instead, he related the new version (<code>:post9821v2</code>) as a revision of the previous (<code>:post9821v1</code>). + Since both versions of the blog are forms of the long-standing blog permalink <code>:more-crime-happens-in-cities</code>, + the revisions are alternates of one another and each is a <a href="#specializationOf" class="qname">prov:specializationOf</a> of <code>:more-crime-happens-in-cities</code>. + </p> <div id="expanded-example-illustration-1" style="text-align: center;" class="figure"> <img src="diagrams/expanded-terms-example-bundlePost.svg" style="width: 95%; min-width: 25em; max-width: 60em" alt="PROV-O Starting Point terms" /> - <div class="figcaption"><a href="#expanded-example-illustration-1">Figure 4</a>. - An illustration of the PROV-O assertions in <a href="#narrative-example-expanded-1">Example 3</a>, where Derek published two versions of a blog for the National Newspaper, Inc. - The diagrams in this document depict Entities as yellow ovals, Activities as blue rectangles, and Agents as orange pentagons. + <div class="figcaption"><a href="#expanded-example-illustration-1">Figure 4</a>. + An illustration of the PROV-O assertions in <a href="#narrative-example-expanded-1">Example 2</a>, where Derek<br /> + published two versions of a blog for the National Newspaper, Inc.<br /> + The diagrams in this document depict Entities as yellow ovals, Activities as blue rectangles,<br /> + and Agents as orange pentagons. The responsibility properties are shown in pink. </div> </div> - - <div id="narrative-example-expanded-1-a" about="#narrative-example-expanded-1-a" typeof="prov:Entity" class="exampleOuter" xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"> - <p>Shortly after Derek's post publication, Monica adapted the text for a wider audience in a new post (<code>ex:post9822</code>). This version was a specialization of the original post, - and an alternate of the version modified by Derek. Since the provenance produced by the activities of Derek and Monica corresponded to different user views, the system - automatically published it in different <a href="#Bundle" class="qname">prov:Bundles</a>. The system also tagged them as the involved users - with the bundle (so as to be able to locate easily their actions) and added additional metadata, such as the date of creation of the bundle or the creator. - </p> - <p> - <a href="#narrative-example-expanded-1-a">Example 3</a>: + + <div id="narrative-example-expanded-2" about="#narrative-example-expanded-2" typeof="prov:Entity" class="exampleOuter" xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"> + <p>Shortly after Derek published his blog post, Monica adapted the text for a wider audience in a new post (<code>:post9822</code>). + This rewrite is an alternate, abbreviated view of the same topic that Derek wrote about and was created from his original text. + Since the provenance produced by the activities of Derek and Monica corresponded to different user views, the system + automatically published it in a different <a href="#Bundle" class="qname">prov:Bundle</a>. + The tool also asserted provenance about the bundle that it produced (e.g., the date of creation, its creator, and the fact that it Derek's bundle was used). + Because a bundle is a kind of entity, all provenance assertions that can be made about entities can also be made about bundles. + The use of bundles enables the creation of provenance of provenance. + </p> + <p> + <a href="#narrative-example-expanded-2">Example 3</a>: </p> <pre rel="prov:wasQuotedFrom" resource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/tip/examples/eg-25-extended-crime-file-example/rdf/extended-crime-file-pt1_a.ttl" class="example">@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix sioc: <http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#> . @prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> . -@prefix my: <http://example.org#my> . -@prefix : <http://example.org#> . - - - <> a prov:Bundle, prov:Entity ; - prov:wasAttributedTo :postEditor; - prov:generatedAtTime "2011-07-16T20:52:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime; - :involvedUser :monica . - - :monica - a prov:Person, prov:Agent, foaf:Person; - foaf:givenName "Monica"^^xsd:string; - foaf:mbox <mailto:monica@example.org> - . - - ## Rephrasing of the post in a new resource for a different audience - - :post9822 - a prov:Entity, sioc:Post; - prov:atLocation :more-crime-happens-in-cities-for-dummies; ## PERMALINK to the (latest revision of the) post - my:snapshotContent :postContent2; ## Snapshot with the content of this version - prov:alternateOf :post9821v2; ## This post is an alternate of the second version modified by Derek. - prov:specializationOf :more-crime-happens-in-cities; ## This post is an specialization of the post initially created by Derek. - prov:wasInfluencedBy :aggregatedByRegions; ## If the file hadn't existed, Monica would have not written the post. - ## However the file is not what Monica used as primary source for writting the new post, - ## so we can't consider the post to have "been derived from" it. - sioc:title "More crime happens in cities (for dummies)"^^xsd:string; - prov:wasAttributedTo :monica; - .</pre> +@prefix : <http://www.example.org#> . +@base <http://www.example.com/monica-bundle.ttl> . + +<> + a prov:Bundle, prov:Entity; + prov:wasAttributedTo :postEditor; + prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.example.com/derek-bundle.ttl> . + prov:generatedAtTime "2011-07-16T03:03:03Z"^^xsd:dateTime; +. + +:monica + a prov:Person, prov:Agent; + foaf:givenName "Monica"; + foaf:mbox <mailto:monica@example.org>; +. + +## Revised post for a different audience is a new resource. + +:post9822 + a sioc:Post, prov:Entity; + sioc:title "More crime happens in cities (for dummies)"; + prov:wasAttributedTo :monica, + :postEditor; + prov:alternateOf :more-crime-happens-in-cities; ## This post is an alternate of Derek's blog. + prov:value "A quick overview of Derek's..."; ## Snapshot with the content of this version + prov:wasRevisionOf :post9821v2; ## Monica rewrote Derek's version 2 to create hers. +.</pre> </div> - - <div id="narrative-example-expanded-2" about="#narrative-example-expanded-2" typeof="prov:Entity" class="exampleOuter" xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"> - <p>After some time, John wrote his own conclusions quoting the previous two posts: - </p> - <p> - <a href="#narrative-example-expanded-2">Example 4</a>: + + <div id="narrative-example-expanded-3" about="#narrative-example-expanded-3" typeof="prov:Entity" class="exampleOuter" xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"> + <p>After some time, John wrote his own conclusions in his own post (<code>:post19201</code>) quoting the previous two posts. + Each quote that John makes (<code>:quote_from_monica</code> and <code>:quote_from_derek</code>) is a new entity derived from the + previous blogs and is annotated with the time that the quote was taken. + The provenance of John's blog notes that his post is the result of the quotes that he took from Derek and Monica. + The blog post is also derived from Derek's <code>:aggregatedByRegions</code> dataset because John inspected it and found a + concern that he discusses in his blog. All the provenance statements related to John's post are grouped in a new <span class="repeated">prov:Bundle</span>. + </p> + <p> + <a href="#narrative-example-expanded-3">Example 4</a>: </p> <pre rel="prov:wasQuotedFrom" resource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/tip/examples/eg-25-extended-crime-file-example/rdf/extended-crime-file-pt2.ttl" class="example">@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix sioc: <http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#> . @prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> . -@prefix : <http://example.org#> . - - - <> a prov:Bundle, prov:Entity; - prov:wasAttributedTo :postEditor; - prov:generatedAtTime "2012-04-03T13:35:23Z"^^xsd:dateTime; - :involvedUser :john. - . - - :john - a prov:Agent; - . - - # Rows of the post quoting post :post9821v1 - - :quote1 - a prov:Entity; - prov:value "Analysis of the datasets demonstrate that there is more crime"; - prov:wasQuotedFrom :post9821v1. - - # Rows of the post quoting post :post9821v2 - - :quote2 - a prov:Entity; - prov:value "In sumary, there are clearly more crimes in the country"; - prov:wasQuotedFrom :post9821v2. +@prefix : <http://www.example.org#> . +@base <http://www.example.com/john-bundle.ttl> . + +<> + a prov:Bundle, prov:Entity; + prov:wasAttributedTo :postEditor; + prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.example.com/derek-bundle.ttl>, + <http://www.example.com/monica-bundle.ttl>; + prov:generatedAtTime "2012-08-08T08:08:08Z"^^xsd:dateTime; +. + +:publicationActivity1124 + a prov:Activity; + prov:wasAttributedTo :postEditor, + :john; + prov:generated :post19201; +. + +:post19201 + a sioc:Post, prov:Entity; + prov:wasAttributedTo :john; + prov:value "I'm not so sure that..."; + prov:wasDerivedFrom :quote_from_derek, + :quote_from_monica, + :aggregatedByRegions; + prov:wasGeneratedBy :publicationActivity1124; +. + +:john + a prov:Person, prov:Agent; + foaf:name "John"; +. + +:quote_from_derek + a prov:Entity; + prov:value "Analysis of the datasets demonstrates that there is more crime."; + prov:wasQuotedFrom :more-crime-happens-in-cities; + prov:generatedAtTime "2012-08-08T01:01:01Z"^^xsd:dateTime; +. - :publicationActivity1124 - a prov:Activity; - prov:used :quote1, - :quote2, - :aggregatedByRegions; - prov:generated :post19201. +:quote_from_monica + a prov:Entity; + prov:value "In summary, there are clearly more crimes in the country."; + prov:wasQuotedFrom :post9822; + prov:generatedAtTime "2012-08-08T02:02:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime; +.</pre> + </div> + - :post19201 - a prov:Entity, sioc:Post; - prov:wasAttributedTo :john; - prov:wasDerivedFrom :post9821v1, - :post9821v2; - prov:wasGeneratedBy :publicationActivity1124; - prov:hadPrimarySource :aggregatedByRegions; - .</pre> - </div> - - <p> - Agent <code>ex:John</code> also named the URI of the original source (<code>ex:aggregatedByRegions</code>). All the provenance statements related to his post - are grouped in a new <span class="repeated">prov:Bundle</span>. - - Unfortunately, there was a problem in the servers where <code>:post19201</code> was being stored, and all the data related to the post was lost permanently. Thus, the system - invalidated the entity automatically and notified John about the error. - </p> - - <div id="narrative-example-expanded-3" about="#narrative-example-expanded-3" typeof="prov:Entity" class="exampleOuter" xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"> - <p> - <a href="#narrative-example-expanded-3">Example 5</a>: + <div id="narrative-example-expanded-4" about="#narrative-example-expanded-4" typeof="prov:Entity" class="exampleOuter" xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"> + <p>Unfortunately, there was a problem in the servers where <code>:post19201</code> was being stored, and all the data related to the post was lost permanently. + Thus, the system invalidated the entity automatically and notified John about the error. + </p> + <p> + <a href="#narrative-example-expanded-4">Example 5</a>: </p> <pre rel="prov:wasQuotedFrom" resource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/tip/examples/eg-25-extended-crime-file-example/rdf/extended-crime-file-pt4.ttl" class="example">@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @@ -1704,14 +1753,14 @@ @prefix : <http://example.org#> . :post19201 - a prov:Entity, sioc:Post; + a sioc:Post, prov:Entity; prov:invalidatedAtTime "2012-09-02T01:31:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime; prov:wasInvalidatedBy :hard_disk_failure; . :hard_disk_failure a prov:Activity; - prov:wasEndedAt "2012-09-02T01:31:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime; + prov:endedAtTime "2012-09-02T01:31:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime; .</pre> </div> </div> @@ -1721,92 +1770,98 @@ <div id="description-qualified-terms" class="section"> <h3><span class="secno">3.3 </span>Qualified Terms</h3> - <p>The Qualified Terms category is for users who wish to provide further details about the provenance-related influence among - Entities, Activities, and Agents. The terms in this category are the result of + + <p>The Qualified Terms category is the result of applying the <strong>Qualification Pattern</strong> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-LD-Patterns-QR">LD-Patterns-QR</a></cite>] to the simple (unqualified) relations available in the <a href="#prov-starting-point-owl-terms-at-a-glance">Starting Point</a> and <a href="#prov-expanded-owl-terms-at-a-glance">Expanded</a> categories. - The Qualification Pattern consists of restating the unqualified + The terms in this category are for users who wish to provide further details about the provenance-related influence among + Entities, Activities, and Agents. + </p> + + <p>The Qualification Pattern restates an unqualified influence relation by using an intermediate class that represents the influence between two resources. - This new instance, in turn, can be annotated with additional descriptions about the influence relationship between the two resources cited. - The following two tables list the influence relations that can be qualified using the Qualification Pattern, along with the properties used to qualify them. - - For example, the second row of the first table indicates that to elaborate how an <span class="repeated">prov:Activity</span> - <span class="repeated">prov:used</span> a particular <span class="repeated">prov:Entity</span>, one creates an instance of <span class="repeated">prov:Usage</span>. - While the <span class="repeated">prov:Usage</span> cites the influencing entity with the <span class="repeated">prov:entity</span> property, - the influenced <span class="repeated">prov:Activity</span> cites the <span class="repeated">prov:Usage</span> with the property <span class="repeated">prov:qualifiedUsage</span>. - This structure is illustrated in <a href="#qualified-terms-figure">Figure 4a</a> below. - </p> + This new instance, in turn, can be annotated with additional descriptions of the influence that one resource had upon another. + The following two tables list the influence relations that can be qualified using the Qualification Pattern, along with the properties used to qualify them. + + For example, the second row of the first table indicates that to elaborate how an <span class="repeated">prov:Activity</span> + <span class="repeated">prov:used</span> a particular <span class="repeated">prov:Entity</span>, one creates an instance of <span class="repeated">prov:Usage</span> + that indicates the influencing entity with the <span class="repeated">prov:entity</span> property. + Meanwhile, the influenced <span class="repeated">prov:Activity</span> indicates the <span class="repeated">prov:Usage</span> with the property + <span class="repeated">prov:qualifiedUsage</span>. + The resulting structure that qualifies the an Activity's usage of an Entity is illustrated in <a href="#qualified-terms-figure">Figure 4a</a> below. + </p> <div id="qualified-forms-starting-point" style="padding: 10px"> - <p>Seven <a href="#description-starting-point-terms">Starting Point</a> relations that can be further described using the Qualification Pattern. + <p>Seven <a href="#description-starting-point-terms">Starting Point</a> relations can be further described using the Qualification Pattern. + They are listed in the following normative table. </p> <div style="text-align: center"> <table class="qualified-forms"> - <caption><a href="#qualified-forms-starting-point">Table 2</a>: Qualification Property and Influence Class used to qualify a Starting-point Property.</caption> + <caption><a href="#qualified-forms-starting-point">Table 2</a>: Qualification Property and Qualified Influence Class used to qualify a Starting-point Property.</caption> <tbody><tr> <th><span title="Influenced Class">Influenced Class</span></th> <th><span title="Unqualified Influence">Unqualified Influence</span></th> + <th><span title="Influencing Class">Influencing Class</span></th> <th><span title="Qualification Property">Qualification Property</span></th> <th><span title="Qualified Influence">Qualified Influence</span></th> <th><span title="Influencer Property">Influencer Property</span></th> - <th><span title="Influencing Class">Influencing Class</span></th> </tr> <tr> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent" href="#Agent" class="owlclass">prov:Agent</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#actedOnBehalfOf" href="#actedOnBehalfOf" class="owlproperty">prov:actedOnBehalfOf</a></td> + <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent" href="#Agent" class="owlclass">prov:Agent</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedDelegation" href="#qualifiedDelegation" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedDelegation</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Delegation" href="#Delegation" class="owlclass">prov:Delegation</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#agent" href="#agent" class="owlproperty">prov:agent</a></td> - <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent" href="#Agent" class="owlclass">prov:Agent</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#used" href="#used" class="owlproperty">prov:used</a></td> + <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedUsage" href="#qualifiedUsage" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedUsage</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Usage" href="#Usage" class="owlclass">prov:Usage</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity" href="#entity" class="owlproperty">prov:entity</a></td> - <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith" href="#wasAssociatedWith" class="owlproperty">prov:wasAssociatedWith</a></td> + <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent" href="#Agent" class="owlclass">prov:Agent</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation" href="#qualifiedAssociation" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedAssociation</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Association" href="#Association" class="owlclass">prov:Association</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#agent" href="#agent" class="owlproperty">prov:agent</a></td> - <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent" href="#Agent" class="owlclass">prov:Agent</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo" href="#wasAttributedTo" class="owlproperty">prov:wasAttributedTo</a></td> + <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent" href="#Agent" class="owlclass">prov:Agent</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAttribution" href="#qualifiedAttribution" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedAttribution</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Attribution" href="#Attribution" class="owlclass">prov:Attribution</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#agent" href="#agent" class="owlproperty">prov:agent</a></td> - <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent" href="#Agent" class="owlclass">prov:Agent</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom" href="#wasDerivedFrom" class="owlproperty">prov:wasDerivedFrom</a></td> + <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedDerivation" href="#qualifiedDerivation" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedDerivation</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Derivation" href="#Derivation" class="owlclass">prov:Derivation</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity" href="#entity" class="owlproperty">prov:entity</a></td> - <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy" href="#wasGeneratedBy" class="owlproperty">prov:wasGeneratedBy</a></td> + <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedGeneration" href="#qualifiedGeneration" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedGeneration</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Generation" href="#Generation" class="owlclass">prov:Generation</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#activity" href="#activity" class="owlproperty">prov:activity</a></td> - <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasInformedBy" href="#wasInformedBy" class="owlproperty">prov:wasInformedBy</a></td> + <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedCommunication" href="#qualifiedCommunication" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedCommunication</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Communication" href="#Communication" class="owlclass">prov:Communication</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#activity" href="#activity" class="owlproperty">prov:activity</a></td> - <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> @@ -1814,42 +1869,81 @@ </div> <div id="qualified-forms-expanded" style="padding: 10px"> - <p>Six <a href="#description-expanded-terms">Expanded</a> relations that can be further described using the Qualification Pattern. + <p>Seven <a href="#description-expanded-terms">Expanded</a> relations can be further described using the Qualification Pattern. + They are listed in the following normative table. </p> <div style="text-align: center"> <table class="qualified-forms"> - <caption><a href="#qualified-forms-expanded">Table 3</a>: Qualification Property and Influence Class used to qualify an Expanded Property.</caption> + <caption><a href="#qualified-forms-expanded">Table 3</a>: Qualification Property and Qualified Influence Class used to qualify an Expanded Property.</caption> <tbody><tr> <th><span title="Influenced Class">Influenced Class</span></th> <th><span title="Unqualified Influence">Unqualified Influence</span></th> + <th><span title="Influencing Class">Influencing Class</span></th> <th><span title="Qualification Property">Qualification Property</span></th> <th><span title="Qualified Influence">Qualified Influence</span></th> <th><span title="Influencer Property">Influencer Property</span></th> - <th><span title="Influencing Class">Influencing Class</span></th> + </tr> + <tr> + <td style="text-align: center"> + <a title="provEntity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a> or + <a title="provActivity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a> or + <a title="provAgent" href="#Agent" class="owlclass">prov:Agent</a> </td> + <td><a title="provwasInfluencedBy" href="#wasInfluencedBy" class="owlproperty">prov:wasInfluencedBy</a></td> + <td style="text-align: center"> + <a title="provEntity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a> or + <a title="provActivity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a> or + <a title="provAgent" href="#Agent" class="owlclass">prov:Agent</a> </td> + <td><a title="provqualifiedInfluence" href="#qualifiedInfluence" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedInfluence</a></td> + <td><a title="provInfluence" href="#Influence" class="owlclass">prov:Influence</a></td> + <td><a title="provinfluencer" href="#influencer" class="owlproperty">prov:influencer</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a></td> + <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadPrimarySource" href="#hadPrimarySource" class="owlproperty">prov:hadPrimarySource</a></td> + <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a></td> + <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedPrimarySource" href="#qualifiedPrimarySource" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedPrimarySource</a></td> + <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#PrimarySource" href="#PrimarySource" class="owlclass">prov:PrimarySource</a></td> + <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity" href="#entity" class="owlproperty">prov:entity</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasEndedBy" href="#wasEndedBy" class="owlproperty">prov:wasEndedBy</a></td> + <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedEnd" href="#qualifiedEnd" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedEnd</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#End" href="#End" class="owlclass">prov:End</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity" href="#entity" class="owlproperty">prov:entity</a></td> - <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasInvalidatedBy" href="#wasInvalidatedBy" class="owlproperty">prov:wasInvalidatedBy</a></td> + <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedInvalidation" href="#qualifiedInvalidation" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedInvalidation</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Invalidation" href="#Invalidation" class="owlclass">prov:Invalidation</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#activity" href="#activity" class="owlproperty">prov:activity</a></td> - <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a></td> + <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasQuotedFrom" href="#wasQuotedFrom" class="owlproperty">prov:wasQuotedFrom</a></td> + <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a></td> + <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedQuotation" href="#qualifiedQuotation" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedQuotation</a></td> + <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Quotation" href="#Quotation" class="owlclass">prov:Quotation</a></td> + <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity" href="#entity" class="owlproperty">prov:entity</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a></td> + <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasRevisionOf" href="#wasRevisionOf" class="owlproperty">prov:wasRevisionOf</a></td> + <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a></td> + <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedRevision" href="#qualifiedRevision" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedRevision</a></td> + <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Revision" href="#Revision" class="owlclass">prov:Revision</a></td> + <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity" href="#entity" class="owlproperty">prov:entity</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasStartedBy" href="#wasStartedBy" class="owlproperty">prov:wasStartedBy</a></td> + <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedStart" href="#qualifiedStart" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedStart</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Start" href="#Start" class="owlclass">prov:Start</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity" href="#entity" class="owlproperty">prov:entity</a></td> - <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> @@ -1857,18 +1951,19 @@ </div> - <p> - The qualification classes and properties shown in the previous two tables can also be found in the <a href="#cross-reference">cross reference</a> + <p>The qualification classes and properties shown in the previous two tables can also be found in the normative <a href="#cross-reference">cross reference</a> in the next section of this document. All influence classes (e.g. <span class="repeated">prov:Association</span>, <span class="repeated">prov:Usage</span>) are extensions of <a class="qname" href="#Influence">prov:Influence</a> and either <a class="qname" href="#EntityInfluence">prov:EntityInfluence</a>, <a class="qname" href="#ActivityInfluence">prov:ActivityInfluence</a>, or - <a class="qname" href="#AgentInfluence">prov:AgentInfluence</a>, which determine the property to use to cite the influencing resource (either + <a class="qname" href="#AgentInfluence">prov:AgentInfluence</a>, which determine the property used to cite the influencing resource (either <a class="qname" href="#entity">prov:entity</a>, <a class="qname" href="#activity">prov:activity</a>, or - <a class="qname" href="#agent">prov:agent</a>, respectively). + <a class="qname" href="#agent">prov:agent</a>, respectively). + Because <span class="repeated">prov:Influence</span> is a broad relation, its most specific subclasses (e.g. <span class="repeated">prov:Communication</span>, + <span class="repeated">prov:Delegation</span>, <span class="repeated">prov:End</span>, <span class="repeated">prov:Revision</span>, etc.) should be used when applicable. </p><div id="narrative-example-qualified-1" about="#narrative-example-qualified-1" typeof="prov:Entity" class="exampleOuter" xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"> <p> @@ -1886,8 +1981,9 @@ </div> <p>One can find that <a class="qname" href="#wasGeneratedBy">prov:wasGeneratedBy</a> - can be qualified using the qualification property <a class="qname" href="#qualifiedGeneration">prov:qualifiedGeneration</a> - and the class <a class="qname" href="#Generation">prov:Generation</a> (a subclass of <a class="qname" href="#ActivityInfluence">prov:ActivityInfluence</a>). + can be qualified using the qualification property <a class="qname" href="#qualifiedGeneration">prov:qualifiedGeneration</a>, + the class <a class="qname" href="#Generation">prov:Generation</a> (a subclass of <a class="qname" href="#ActivityInfluence">prov:ActivityInfluence</a>), + and the property <a class="qname" href="#activity">prov:activity</a>. From this, the influence relation above can be restated with the <em>qualification pattern</em> as: </p> @@ -1898,16 +1994,16 @@ <pre class="example">:e1 a prov:Entity; prov:wasGeneratedBy :a1; - prov:qualifiedGeneration :e1Gen; # Add the qualification -. - -:a1 a prov:Activity . + prov:qualifiedGeneration :e1Gen; # Add the qualification. +. :e1Gen a prov:Generation; - prov:activity :a1; # Cite the influencing Activity. - ex:foo :bar; # Add additional attributes about the influence relation. -.</pre> + prov:activity :a1; # Cite the influencing Activity. + ex:foo :bar; # Describe the Activity :a1's influence upon the Entity :e1. +. + +:a1 a prov:Activity .</pre> </div> <p> @@ -1931,7 +2027,7 @@ <p>In addition to the previous two tables, <a href="#qualified-terms-figure">Figure 4</a> - illustrates the classes and properties needed to apply the qualification pattern to the thirteen unqualified influence relations. + illustrates the classes and properties needed to apply the qualification pattern to ten of the fourteen qualifiable influence relations. For example, while <a class="qname" href="#qualifiedUsage">prov:qualifiedUsage</a>, <a class="qname" href="#Usage">prov:Usage</a>, and <a class="qname" href="#entity">prov:entity</a> are used to qualify @@ -1939,7 +2035,7 @@ <a class="qname" href="#qualifiedAssociation">prov:qualifiedAssociation</a>, <a class="qname" href="#Association">prov:Association</a>, and <a class="qname" href="#agent">prov:agent</a> are used to qualify <span class="repeated">prov:wasAssociatedWith</span> - relations. This pattern applies to the eleven other influence relations that can be qualified. + relations. This pattern applies to the twelve other influence relations that can be qualified. </p> <p>In subfigure <strong>a</strong> the <span class="repeated">prov:qualifiedUsage</span> property parallels the <span class="repeated">prov:used</span> property and references an instance of @@ -1997,24 +2093,26 @@ </p> <div class="exampleOuter"> <div><b>Qualified Usage</b></div> - <p>The <span class="repeated">prov:qualifiedUsage</span> property parallels the <span class="repeated">prov:used</span> property to provide an additional description to <code>ex:illustrationActivity</code>. The instance of <span class="repeated">prov:Usage</span> cites the data used (<code>ex:aggregatedByRegions</code>) and the time the activity used it (<code>2011-07-14T03:03:03Z</code>). + <p>The <span class="repeated">prov:qualifiedUsage</span> property parallels the <span class="repeated">prov:used</span> property to provide an additional description to <code>:illustrationActivity</code>. The instance of <span class="repeated">prov:Usage</span> cites the data used (<code>:aggregatedByRegions</code>) and the time the activity used it (<code>2011-07-14T03:03:03Z</code>). </p> <pre class="example">@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . @prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> . -@prefix ex: <http://example.org#> . - -ex:illustrationActivity - a prov:Activity; ## (Using Starting Point terms) - prov:used ex:aggregatedByRegions; ## The aggregated data was used to create the chart. -. - -ex:aggregatedByRegions a prov:Entity . - -ex:illustrationActivity - prov:qualifiedUsage [ - a prov:Usage; - prov:entity ex:aggregatedByRegions; ## Qualification: The aggregated data was used - prov:atTime "2011-07-14T03:03:03Z"^^xsd:dateTime; ## at a particular time when creating the chart. +@prefix : <http://example.org#> . + +:illustrationActivity + a prov:Activity; ## Using Starting Point terms, + prov:used :aggregatedByRegions; ## the illustration activity used the aggregated data (to create the bar chart). +. + +:aggregatedByRegions a prov:Entity . + +:illustrationActivity + prov:qualifiedUsage [ ## Qualify how the :illustrationActivity + a prov:Usage; ## used + prov:entity :aggregatedByRegions; ## the Entity :aggregatedByRegions + + prov:atTime "2011-07-14T03:03:03Z"^^xsd:dateTime; ## Qualification: The aggregated data was used + ## at a particular time to create the bar chart.. ]; .</pre> </div> @@ -2027,31 +2125,33 @@ <div class="exampleOuter"> <div><b>Qualified Association</b></div> <p>The <span class="repeated">prov:qualifiedAssociation</span> property parallels the - <span class="repeated">prov:wasAssociatedWith</span> property to provide an additional description about the <code>ex:illustrationActivity</code> that Derek influenced. - The instance of <span class="repeated">prov:Association</span> cites the influencing agent (<code>ex:derek</code>) that followed the instructions (<code>ex:tutorial_blog</code>). - Further, Derek served the role of illustrationist during the activity. + <span class="repeated">prov:wasAssociatedWith</span> property to provide an additional description about the <code>:illustrationActivity</code> that Derek influenced. + The instance of <span class="repeated">prov:Association</span> cites the influencing agent (<code>:derek</code>) that followed the instructions (<code>:tutorial_blog</code>). + Further, Derek served the role of <code>:illustrationist</code> during the activity. </p> <pre class="example">@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> . -@prefix ex: <http://example.org#> . - -ex:illustrationActivity - a prov:Activity; ## (Using Starting Point terms) - prov:wasAssociatedWith ex:derek; ## Derek was responsible for the chart making in some way. -. - -ex:derek a prov:Agent . - -ex:illustrationActivity - prov:qualifiedAssociation [ ## Qualification: What plan (or recipe, instructions) - a prov:Association; ## did Derek follow when creating the graphical chart? - prov:agent ex:derek - prov:hadPlan ex:tutorial_blog; - prov:hadRole ex:illustrationist; +@prefix : <http://example.org#> . + +:illustrationActivity + a prov:Activity; ## Using Starting Point terms, + prov:wasAssociatedWith :derek; ## the illustration activity was associated with Derek in some way. +. + +:derek a prov:Agent . + +:illustrationActivity + prov:qualifiedAssociation [ ## Qualify how the :illustrationActivity + a prov:Association; ## was associated with + prov:agent :derek ## the Agent Derek. + + prov:hadRole :illustrationist; ## Qualification: The role that Derek served. + prov:hadPlan :tutorial_blog; ## Qualification: The plan (or recipe, instructions) + ## that Derek followed when creating the graphical chart. ]; . -ex:tutorial_blog a prov:Plan, prov:Entity . -ex:illustrationist a prov:Role .</pre> +:tutorial_blog a prov:Plan, prov:Entity . +:illustrationist a prov:Role .</pre> </div> </div> @@ -2066,24 +2166,26 @@ </p> <div class="exampleOuter"> <div><b>Qualified Generation</b></div> - <p>The <span class="repeated">prov:qualifiedGeneration</span> property parallels the <span class="repeated">prov:wasGeneratedBy</span> property to provide an additional description to <code>ex:chart1</code>. The instance of <span class="repeated">prov:Generation</span> cites the time (2011-07-14T15:52:14Z) that the activity (<code>ex:illustrationActivity</code>) generated the chart (<code>ex:chart1</code>). + <p>The <span class="repeated">prov:qualifiedGeneration</span> property parallels the <span class="repeated">prov:wasGeneratedBy</span> property to provide an additional description to <code>:bar_chart</code>. The instance of <span class="repeated">prov:Generation</span> cites the time (2011-07-14T15:52:14Z) that the activity (<code>:illustrationActivity</code>) generated the chart (<code>:bar_chart</code>). </p> <pre class="example">@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . @prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> . -@prefix ex: <http://example.org#> . - -ex:chart1 - a prov:Entity; ## (Using Starting Point terms) - prov:wasGeneratedBy ex:illustrationActivity; ## The chart was generated in an illustration activity. -. - -ex:illustrationActivity a prov:Activity . - -ex:chart1 - prov:qualifiedGeneration [ - a prov:Generation; - prov:activity ex:illustrationActivity; ## Qualification: The chart was - prov:atTime "2011-07-14T15:52:14Z"^^xsd:dateTime; ## generated at a particular time. +@prefix : <http://example.org#> . + +:bar_chart + a prov:Entity; ## Using Starting Point terms, + prov:wasGeneratedBy :illustrationActivity; ## the chart was generated in an illustration activity. +. + +:illustrationActivity a prov:Activity . + +:bar_chart + prov:qualifiedGeneration [ ## Qualify how the :bar_chart + a prov:Generation; ## was generated by + prov:activity :illustrationActivity; ## the Activity :illustrationActivity. + + prov:atTime "2011-07-14T15:52:14Z"^^xsd:dateTime; ## Qualification: The Activity generated + ## the bar_chart at a particular time. ]; .</pre> </div> @@ -2095,26 +2197,29 @@ </p> <div class="exampleOuter"> <div><b>Qualified Derivation</b></div> - <p>The <span class="repeated">prov:qualifiedDerivation</span> property parallels the <span class="repeated">prov:wasDerivedFrom</span> property to provide an additional description to <code>ex:chart1</code>. The instance of <span class="repeated">prov:Derivation</span> cites the activity (<code>ex:illustrationActivity</code>) and the Usages and Generations that the activity conduced to create the chart (<code>ex:chart1</code>). - </p> - <pre class="example">@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . + <p>The <span class="repeated">prov:qualifiedDerivation</span> property parallels the <span class="repeated">prov:wasDerivedFrom</span> + property to provide an additional description to <code>:bar_chart</code>. The instance of <span class="repeated">prov:Derivation</span> + cites the activity (<code>:illustrationActivity</code>) and the Usages and Generations that the activity conduced to create the <code>:bar_chart</code>. + </p> + <pre class="example">@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . @prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> . -@prefix ex: <http://example.org#> . - -ex:chart1 - a prov:Entity; ## (Using Starting Point terms) - prov:wasDerivedFrom ex:aggregatedByRegions; ## The chart was derived from the aggregate. -. - -ex:aggregatedByRegions a prov:Entity . - -ex:chart1 - prov:qualifiedDerivation [ - a prov:Derivation; - prov:entity ex:aggregatedByRegions; ## Qualification: additional information about the derivation: - prov:hadUsage ex:usage; ## Which activity derived the aggregate? - prov:hadActivity ex:activity; ## What did the activity use to derive the aggregate? - prov:hadGeneration ex:generation; ## How did the activity generate the derived aggregate? +@prefix : <http://example.org#> . + +:bar_chart + a prov:Entity; ## Using Starting Point terms, + prov:wasDerivedFrom :aggregatedByRegions; ## the chart was derived from the aggregated dataset. +. + +:aggregatedByRegions a prov:Entity . + +:bar_chart + prov:qualifiedDerivation [ ## Qualify + a prov:Derivation; ## how :bar_chart was derived from + prov:entity :aggregatedByRegions; ## the dataset Entity :aggregatedByRegions. + + prov:hadActivity :aggregating_activity; ## Qualification: The activity that derived the :bar_chart. + prov:hadUsage :use_of_aggregatedData; ## Qualification: How the activity used :aggregatedByRegions. + prov:hadGeneration :generation_of_bar_chart; ## Qualification: How the activity generated the :bar_chart. ]; .</pre> </div> @@ -2127,9 +2232,7 @@ - <div id="cross-reference" class="section"> -<!-- class='informative' --> - + <div id="cross-reference" class="normative section"> <!-- prov:tracedTo [ prov:wasGeneratedBy [ a prov:Activity; dcterms:description "python eg-24-prov-o-html-examples.py http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/ontology/ProvenanceOntology.owl" ] ] ] --> @@ -2166,8 +2269,9 @@ </p> <p>Most examples shown in this cross reference are encoded using the Turtle RDF serialization. - When an example requires a <span class="qname repeated">prov:Bundle</span>, it may use the [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-TRIG">TRIG</a></cite>] syntax. - Although this document does not specify how to encode Bundles in RDF, TriG's named graph construct is used only to illustrate the concept. + When it is convenient to do so (e.g., when an example describes a <span class="qname repeated">prov:Bundle</span>), it may use the [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-TRIG">TRIG</a></cite>] syntax. + Although this document does not specify how to encode Bundles in RDF, TriG's named graph construct is used only to illustrate the concept of + creating a named set of PROV assertions. Note that <a href="#compliance">all examples are non-normative</a>. </p> <div id="cross-reference-starting-point-terms" class="section"> @@ -2259,18 +2363,18 @@ <dt></dt> <dd> - <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedEnd" href="#qualifiedEnd">prov:qualifiedEnd</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> - , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#invalidated" href="#invalidated">prov:invalidated</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> + <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#invalidated" href="#invalidated">prov:invalidated</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> + , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasStartedBy" href="#wasStartedBy">prov:wasStartedBy</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedStart" href="#qualifiedStart">prov:qualifiedStart</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> + , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedCommunication" href="#qualifiedCommunication">prov:qualifiedCommunication</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> + , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#startedAtTime" href="#startedAtTime">prov:startedAtTime</a> <sup class="type-dp" title="data property">dp</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation" href="#qualifiedAssociation">prov:qualifiedAssociation</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> + , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasEndedBy" href="#wasEndedBy">prov:wasEndedBy</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasInformedBy" href="#wasInformedBy">prov:wasInformedBy</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> - , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#startedAtTime" href="#startedAtTime">prov:startedAtTime</a> <sup class="type-dp" title="data property">dp</sup> - , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedCommunication" href="#qualifiedCommunication">prov:qualifiedCommunication</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> - , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasEndedBy" href="#wasEndedBy">prov:wasEndedBy</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#generated" href="#generated">prov:generated</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#endedAtTime" href="#endedAtTime">prov:endedAtTime</a> <sup class="type-dp" title="data property">dp</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith" href="#wasAssociatedWith">prov:wasAssociatedWith</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> - , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasStartedBy" href="#wasStartedBy">prov:wasStartedBy</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> + , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedEnd" href="#qualifiedEnd">prov:qualifiedEnd</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedUsage" href="#qualifiedUsage">prov:qualifiedUsage</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#used" href="#used">prov:used</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> </dd> @@ -2281,10 +2385,10 @@ </dd><dt>in range of</dt> <dd> <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasInformedBy" href="#wasInformedBy">prov:wasInformedBy</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> - <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#activity" href="#activity">prov:activity</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> - <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadActivity" href="#hadActivity">prov:hadActivity</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasInvalidatedBy" href="#wasInvalidatedBy">prov:wasInvalidatedBy</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy" href="#wasGeneratedBy">prov:wasGeneratedBy</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> + <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadActivity" href="#hadActivity">prov:hadActivity</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> + <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#activity" href="#activity">prov:activity</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> </dd> <dt>PROV-DM term</dt> @@ -2399,24 +2503,24 @@ <dt></dt> <dd> <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadPrimarySource" href="#hadPrimarySource">prov:hadPrimarySource</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> - , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#alternateOf" href="#alternateOf">prov:alternateOf</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> + , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedQuotation" href="#qualifiedQuotation">prov:qualifiedQuotation</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value" href="#value">prov:value</a> <sup class="type-dp" title="data property">dp</sup> - , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasInvalidatedBy" href="#wasInvalidatedBy">prov:wasInvalidatedBy</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> + , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedGeneration" href="#qualifiedGeneration">prov:qualifiedGeneration</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAttribution" href="#qualifiedAttribution">prov:qualifiedAttribution</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasQuotedFrom" href="#wasQuotedFrom">prov:wasQuotedFrom</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy" href="#wasGeneratedBy">prov:wasGeneratedBy</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> - , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedGeneration" href="#qualifiedGeneration">prov:qualifiedGeneration</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> - , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedQuotation" href="#qualifiedQuotation">prov:qualifiedQuotation</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> + , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#alternateOf" href="#alternateOf">prov:alternateOf</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasRevisionOf" href="#wasRevisionOf">prov:wasRevisionOf</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> + , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasInvalidatedBy" href="#wasInvalidatedBy">prov:wasInvalidatedBy</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#invalidatedAtTime" href="#invalidatedAtTime">prov:invalidatedAtTime</a> <sup class="type-dp" title="data property">dp</sup> + , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedInvalidation" href="#qualifiedInvalidation">prov:qualifiedInvalidation</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedRevision" href="#qualifiedRevision">prov:qualifiedRevision</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> - , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedInvalidation" href="#qualifiedInvalidation">prov:qualifiedInvalidation</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo" href="#wasAttributedTo">prov:wasAttributedTo</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom" href="#wasDerivedFrom">prov:wasDerivedFrom</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedPrimarySource" href="#qualifiedPrimarySource">prov:qualifiedPrimarySource</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedDerivation" href="#qualifiedDerivation">prov:qualifiedDerivation</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> + , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#generatedAtTime" href="#generatedAtTime">prov:generatedAtTime</a> <sup class="type-dp" title="data property">dp</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#specializationOf" href="#specializationOf">prov:specializationOf</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> - , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#generatedAtTime" href="#generatedAtTime">prov:generatedAtTime</a> <sup class="type-dp" title="data property">dp</sup> </dd> <dt></dt> @@ -2426,11 +2530,11 @@ <dd> <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadMember" href="#hadMember">prov:hadMember</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadPrimarySource" href="#hadPrimarySource">prov:hadPrimarySource</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> - <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#alternateOf" href="#alternateOf">prov:alternateOf</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> + <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#invalidated" href="#invalidated">prov:invalidated</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasStartedBy" href="#wasStartedBy">prov:wasStartedBy</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasQuotedFrom" href="#wasQuotedFrom">prov:wasQuotedFrom</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasEndedBy" href="#wasEndedBy">prov:wasEndedBy</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> - <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#invalidated" href="#invalidated">prov:invalidated</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> + <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#alternateOf" href="#alternateOf">prov:alternateOf</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasRevisionOf" href="#wasRevisionOf">prov:wasRevisionOf</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#generated" href="#generated">prov:generated</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom" href="#wasDerivedFrom">prov:wasDerivedFrom</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> @@ -5209,10 +5313,10 @@ </div> <dl class="description"> + <dd class="comment"><p>It is not recommended that the type ActivityInfluence be asserted without also asserting one of its more specific subclasses.</p> + </dd> <dd class="comment"><p>ActivityInfluence provides additional descriptions of an Activity's binary influence upon any other kind of resource. Instances of ActivityInfluence use the prov:activity property to cite the influencing Activity.</p> </dd> - <dd class="comment"><p>It is not recommended that the type ActivityInfluence be asserted without also asserting one of its more specific subclasses.</p> - </dd> <dt>is subclass of</dt> <dd> @@ -5227,13 +5331,13 @@ <dt></dt> <dd> - <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadActivity" href="#hadActivity">prov:hadActivity</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadRole" href="#hadRole">prov:hadRole</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#influencer" href="#influencer">prov:influencer</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> </dd> + <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#influencer" href="#influencer">prov:influencer</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadRole" href="#hadRole">prov:hadRole</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadActivity" href="#hadActivity">prov:hadActivity</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> </dd> <dt>has subclasses</dt> <dd> <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Invalidation" href="#Invalidation" class="owlclass">prov:Invalidation</a> + , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Generation" href="#Generation" class="owlclass">prov:Generation</a> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Communication" href="#Communication" class="owlclass">prov:Communication</a> - , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Generation" href="#Generation" class="owlclass">prov:Generation</a> </dd> </dl> </div> @@ -5294,7 +5398,7 @@ <dt></dt> <dd> - <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadActivity" href="#hadActivity">prov:hadActivity</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadRole" href="#hadRole">prov:hadRole</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#influencer" href="#influencer">prov:influencer</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> </dd> + <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#influencer" href="#influencer">prov:influencer</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadRole" href="#hadRole">prov:hadRole</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadActivity" href="#hadActivity">prov:hadActivity</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> </dd> <dt>has subclasses</dt> <dd> @@ -5561,7 +5665,10 @@ @prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> . @prefix ex: <http://example.com/vocab#> . @prefix : <http://example.com/> . - + +### In this example, Frank (an insurance agent) acts on behalf of his company for performing +### a policy sale + :policySale a prov:Activity; prov:wasAssociatedWith :insuranceAgent_Frank; @@ -5574,6 +5681,7 @@ a prov:Delegation; prov:agent :insuranceCompany_A; ex:rewardScheme "commission"; + prov:hadActivity :policySale ; ]; . </pre> @@ -5651,36 +5759,46 @@ prov:entity :aggregatedByRegions; # Derivations can cite the influencing Activity in doing the derivation. - prov:hadActivity :illustration_activity; + prov:hadActivity :create_the_chart; # They can also cite the Usage and Generation that the Activity # performed to generate :bar_chart. - prov:hadUsage :how_illustration_activity_used_data; - prov:hadGeneration :bar_chart_generation; + prov:hadUsage :data_loading; + prov:hadGeneration :plot_the_chart; ]; . -:illustration_activity +### The process during which the chart was created, from loading the data to the software, to process the data and plot the chart. +### Additional metadata was recorded, like when it started (before the usage), ended (after the generation of the chart) and who was associated with it. + +:create_the_chart a prov:Activity; - prov:wasAttributedTo :derek; -. - -:bar_chart_generation + prov:wasAssociatedWith :derek; + prov:startedAtTime "2012-04-03T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime; + prov:endedAtTime "2012-04-03T00:00:10Z"^^xsd:dateTime; +. + +### The final chart was plotted + +:plot_the_chart a prov:Generation, prov:InstantaneousEvent; prov:atTime "2012-04-03T00:00:01Z"^^xsd:dateTime; . -:how_illustration_activity_used_data +### The data was getting used to create the chart + +:data_loading a prov:Usage; + prov:atTime "2012-04-03T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime; . </pre> </div> <dl class="description"> + <dd class="comment"><p>The more specific forms of prov:Derivation (i.e., prov:Revision, prov:Quotation, prov:PrimarySource) should be asserted if they apply.</p> + </dd> <dd class="comment"><p>An instance of prov:Derivation provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasDerivedFrom relation from some derived prov:Entity to another prov:Entity from which it was derived. For example, :chewed_bubble_gum prov:wasDerivedFrom :unwrapped_bubble_gum; prov:qualifiedDerivation [ a prov:Derivation; prov:entity :unwrapped_bubble_gum; :foo :bar ].</p> </dd> - <dd class="comment"><p>The more specific forms of prov:Derivation (i.e., prov:Revision, prov:Quotation, prov:PrimarySource) should be asserted if they apply.</p> - </dd> <dt>is subclass of</dt> <dd> @@ -5744,21 +5862,30 @@ @prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> . @prefix : <http://example.com/> . -# End can be used to qualify wasEndedBy with time and location information +### End can be used to qualify wasEndedBy with time and location information. +### In this example, an experiment is stopped because an intermediate inconsitent resul. :experiment a prov:Activity; prov:wasEndedBy :inconsistentResult; prov:qualifiedEnd [ a prov:End; - prov:entity :inconsistentResult; - prov:atTime "2011-07-16T01:52:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime; - prov:atLocation :scienceLab_003; + prov:entity :inconsistentResult; + prov:atTime "2011-07-16T01:52:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime; + prov:atLocation :scienceLab_003; + prov:hadActivity :analyse_intermediate_result ; ]; . :inconsistentResult a prov:Entity . -</pre> + +### An implicit process analyzes the intermediate result to confirm its expected consistency + +analyse_intermediate_result + a prov:Activity ; + prov:startedAtTime "2011-07-15T12:52:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime; + prov:endedAtTime "2011-07-16T01:52:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime; +.</pre> </div> <dl class="description"> @@ -5777,7 +5904,7 @@ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadActivity" href="#hadActivity">prov:hadActivity</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> </dd><dt></dt> <dd> - <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atTime" href="#atTime">prov:atTime</a> <sup class="type-dp" title="data property">dp</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity" href="#entity">prov:entity</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> </dd> + <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity" href="#entity">prov:entity</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atTime" href="#atTime">prov:atTime</a> <sup class="type-dp" title="data property">dp</sup> </dd> <dt>in range of</dt> <dd> @@ -5851,14 +5978,14 @@ <dt></dt> <dd> - <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadActivity" href="#hadActivity">prov:hadActivity</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadRole" href="#hadRole">prov:hadRole</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#influencer" href="#influencer">prov:influencer</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> </dd> + <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#influencer" href="#influencer">prov:influencer</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadRole" href="#hadRole">prov:hadRole</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadActivity" href="#hadActivity">prov:hadActivity</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> </dd> <dt>has subclasses</dt> <dd> <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Usage" href="#Usage" class="owlclass">prov:Usage</a> + , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Start" href="#Start" class="owlclass">prov:Start</a> + , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#End" href="#End" class="owlclass">prov:End</a> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Derivation" href="#Derivation" class="owlclass">prov:Derivation</a> - , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#End" href="#End" class="owlclass">prov:End</a> - , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Start" href="#Start" class="owlclass">prov:Start</a> </dd> </dl> </div> @@ -6003,9 +6130,9 @@ <dt></dt> <dd> - <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadActivity" href="#hadActivity">prov:hadActivity</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> + <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#influencer" href="#influencer">prov:influencer</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadRole" href="#hadRole">prov:hadRole</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> - , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#influencer" href="#influencer">prov:influencer</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> + , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadActivity" href="#hadActivity">prov:hadActivity</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> </dd> <dt>in range of</dt> @@ -6085,11 +6212,11 @@ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation" href="#atLocation">prov:atLocation</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadRole" href="#hadRole">prov:hadRole</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> </dd><dt>has subclasses</dt> <dd> - <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Generation" href="#Generation" class="owlclass">prov:Generation</a> + <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Invalidation" href="#Invalidation" class="owlclass">prov:Invalidation</a> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Start" href="#Start" class="owlclass">prov:Start</a> + , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#End" href="#End" class="owlclass">prov:End</a> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Usage" href="#Usage" class="owlclass">prov:Usage</a> - , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#End" href="#End" class="owlclass">prov:End</a> - , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Invalidation" href="#Invalidation" class="owlclass">prov:Invalidation</a> + , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Generation" href="#Generation" class="owlclass">prov:Generation</a> </dd> </dl> </div> @@ -6551,21 +6678,33 @@ @prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> . @prefix : <http://example.com/> . -# Start can be used to qualify wasStartedBy with time and location information. - -:experimenting23 +### Start can be used to qualify wasStartedBy with time and location information. +### In this example, a consistency checking activity is started by the update of a data record. + +:consistency_checking a prov:Activity; - prov:wasStartedBy :researcher; + prov:wasStartedBy :updated_data_record; prov:qualifiedStart [ a prov:Start; - prov:entity :researcher; - prov:atTime "2011-07-06T01:48:36Z"^^xsd:dateTime; - prov:atLocation :scienceLab_003; + prov:entity :updated_data_record; + prov:atTime "2011-07-06T01:48:36Z"^^xsd:dateTime; + prov:atLocation :scienceLab_003; + prov:hadActivity :syntax_checking; ]; . -:researcher a prov:Agent . -</pre> +:updated_data_record a prov:Entity . + +### There is an explicit process of checking the syntax of the updated data record + +:syntax_checking + a prov:Activity ; + prov:startedAtTime "2011-07-06T01:48:36Z"^^xsd:dateTime; + prov:endedAtTime "2011-07-06T02:12:36Z"^^xsd:dateTime; + prov:wasAssociatedWith :syntax_checker ; +. + +:syntax_checker a prov:SoftwareAgent .</pre> </div> <dl class="description"> @@ -6584,7 +6723,7 @@ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadActivity" href="#hadActivity">prov:hadActivity</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> </dd><dt></dt> <dd> - <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atTime" href="#atTime">prov:atTime</a> <sup class="type-dp" title="data property">dp</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity" href="#entity">prov:entity</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> </dd> + <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity" href="#entity">prov:entity</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atTime" href="#atTime">prov:atTime</a> <sup class="type-dp" title="data property">dp</sup> </dd> <dt>in range of</dt> <dd> @@ -6661,7 +6800,7 @@ <dt></dt> <dd> - <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atTime" href="#atTime">prov:atTime</a> <sup class="type-dp" title="data property">dp</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity" href="#entity">prov:entity</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> </dd> + <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity" href="#entity">prov:entity</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> , <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atTime" href="#atTime">prov:atTime</a> <sup class="type-dp" title="data property">dp</sup> </dd> <dt>in range of</dt> <dd> @@ -7252,12 +7391,12 @@ <dd> <ul> <li> - <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Influence" href="#Influence" class="owlclass">prov:Influence</a> - </li> - <li> <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Association" href="#Association" class="owlclass">prov:Association</a> or <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#InstantaneousEvent" href="#InstantaneousEvent" class="owlclass">prov:InstantaneousEvent</a> </li> + <li> + <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Influence" href="#Influence" class="owlclass">prov:Influence</a> + </li> </ul> </dd> @@ -7410,6 +7549,14 @@ </ul> </dd> + <dt>has range</dt> + <dd> + <ul> + <li> + </li> + </ul> + </dd> + <dt>has sub-properties</dt> <dd> <ul> @@ -7737,7 +7884,7 @@ @prefix : <http://example.com/> . :traffic-stop - a prov:Activity; + a prov:Activity; prov:wasAssociatedWith :chauffeur, :traffic-officer-34; prov:qualifiedAssociation [ @@ -7745,14 +7892,14 @@ prov:agent :chauffeur; # The chauffeur was the one violating traffic rules. - ex:hadRole :violator; + prov:hadRole :violator; ]; prov:qualifiedAssociation [ a prov:Association; prov:agent :traffic-officer-34; # The officer was the one enforcing the traffic rules. - ex:hadRole :enforcer; + prov:hadRole :enforcer; ]; . @@ -7764,10 +7911,22 @@ prov:agent :celebrity-in-car; # The celebrity employed the chauffeur during the enforcement. - ex:hadRole :employer; + prov:hadRole :employer; + prov:hadActivity :driving-during-the-year ; ]; . +#The chaffeur was employed for a whole year as a driver +:driving-during-the-year a prov:Activity ; + prov:wasAssociatedWith :chaffeur; + prov:qualifiedAssociation [ + a prov:Association; + prov:hadRole :driver; + ]; + prov:startedAtTime "2011-07-16T01:52:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime; + prov:endedAtTime "2012-07-16T01:52:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime;; +. + :traffic_officer_34 a prov:Person; prov:actedOnBehalfOf :city-of-Paris; @@ -7776,9 +7935,12 @@ prov:agent :city-of-Paris; # The city of Paris employed the officer during the enforcement. - ex:hadRole :employer; + prov:hadRole :employer; + prov:hadActivity :control-city-traffic ; ]; . + +:control-city-traffic a prov:Activity . </pre> </div> @@ -7848,15 +8010,34 @@ @prefix : <http://example.com/> . :bar_chart + a prov:Entity; prov:wasDerivedFrom :aggregatedByRegions; prov:qualifiedDerivation [ a prov:Derivation; prov:entity :aggregatedByRegions; ## More details about the activity underpinning the derivation - prov:hadGeneration :illustration; + prov:hadGeneration :chat_plotting; + prov:hadActivity :chart_creation ; ]; . + +### The process of creating the chart, from loading the data, to process it, and plot it to end users + +:chart_creation + a prov:Activity ; + prov:wasAssociatedWith :derek; + prov:startedAtTime "2011-07-16T01:52:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime; + prov:endedAtTime "2011-07-16T03:00:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime; +. + +#### Now the chart is plotted + +:chat_plotting + a prov:Generation ; + prov:atTime "2011-07-16T03:00:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime; +. + </pre> </div> @@ -7925,21 +8106,29 @@ @prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> . @prefix : <http://example.com/> . -## The end of the experiment might have been triggered by this inconsistent result +### End can be used to qualify wasEndedBy with time and location information :experiment - a prov:Acticity; + a prov:Activity; prov:wasEndedBy :inconsistentResult; prov:qualifiedEnd [ a prov:End; - prov:entity :inconsistentResult; - prov:atTime "2011-07-16T01:52:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime; - prov:atLocation :scienceLab003; + prov:entity :inconsistentResult; + prov:atTime "2011-07-16T01:52:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime; + prov:atLocation :scienceLab_003; + prov:hadActivity :analyse_intermediate_result ; ]; . - -:inconsistentResult a prov:Entity. -</pre> + +:inconsistentResult a prov:Entity . + +### An implicit process of analysing the intermediate result to confirm its expected consistency + +analyse_intermediate_result + a prov:Activity ; + prov:startedAtTime "2011-07-15T12:52:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime; + prov:endedAtTime "2011-07-16T01:52:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime; +.</pre> </div> <div class="description"> @@ -8151,15 +8340,15 @@ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedGeneration" href="#qualifiedGeneration" class="owlclass">prov:qualifiedGeneration</a> </li> <li> - <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedEnd" href="#qualifiedEnd" class="owlclass">prov:qualifiedEnd</a> + <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAttribution" href="#qualifiedAttribution" class="owlclass">prov:qualifiedAttribution</a> + </li> + <li> + <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedInvalidation" href="#qualifiedInvalidation" class="owlclass">prov:qualifiedInvalidation</a> </li> <li> <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedCommunication" href="#qualifiedCommunication" class="owlclass">prov:qualifiedCommunication</a> </li> <li> - <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAttribution" href="#qualifiedAttribution" class="owlclass">prov:qualifiedAttribution</a> - </li> - <li> <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedDelegation" href="#qualifiedDelegation" class="owlclass">prov:qualifiedDelegation</a> </li> <li> @@ -8169,7 +8358,7 @@ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedRevision" href="#qualifiedRevision" class="owlclass">prov:qualifiedRevision</a> </li> <li> - <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedInvalidation" href="#qualifiedInvalidation" class="owlclass">prov:qualifiedInvalidation</a> + <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedEnd" href="#qualifiedEnd" class="owlclass">prov:qualifiedEnd</a> </li> <li> <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedPrimarySource" href="#qualifiedPrimarySource" class="owlclass">prov:qualifiedPrimarySource</a> @@ -8565,21 +8754,32 @@ @prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> . @prefix : <http://example.com/> . -# Start can be used to qualify wasStartedBy with time and location information - -:experiment +# Start can be used to qualify wasStartedBy with time and location information. + +:consistency_checking a prov:Activity; - prov:wasStartedBy :researcher; + prov:wasStartedBy :updated_data_record; prov:qualifiedStart [ a prov:Start; - prov:entity :researcher; - prov:atTime "2011-07-06T01:48:36Z"^^xsd:dateTime; - prov:atLocation :scienceLab_003; + prov:entity :updated_data_record; + prov:atTime "2011-07-06T01:48:36Z"^^xsd:dateTime; + prov:atLocation :scienceLab_003; + prov:hadActivity :syntax_checking; ]; . -:researcher a prov:Agent . -</pre> +:updated_data_record a prov:Entity . + +### There is an explicit process of checking the syntax of the updated data record + +:syntax_checking + a prov:Activity ; + prov:startedAtTime "2011-07-06T01:48:36Z"^^xsd:dateTime; + prov:endedAtTime "2011-07-06T02:12:36Z"^^xsd:dateTime; + prov:wasAssociatedWith :syntax_checker ; +. + +:syntax_checker a prov:SoftwareAgent .</pre> </div> <div class="description"> @@ -8752,7 +8952,7 @@ <div class="description"> <div class="comment "><p>This property has multiple RDFS domains to suit multiple OWL Profiles. See <a href="#prov-o-owl-profile">PROV-O OWL Profile</a>.</p> </div> - <div class="comment "><p>Because prov:wasInfluencedBy is a broad relation, its more specific subproperties (prov:wasInformedBy, prov:actedOnBehalfOf, prov:wasEndedBy, etc.) should be used when applicable.</p> + <div class="comment "><p>Because prov:wasInfluencedBy is a broad relation, its more specific subproperties (e.g. prov:wasInformedBy, prov:actedOnBehalfOf, prov:wasEndedBy, etc.) should be used when applicable.</p> </div> <dl> @@ -8788,10 +8988,13 @@ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#actedOnBehalfOf" href="#actedOnBehalfOf" class="owlclass">prov:actedOnBehalfOf</a> </li> <li> + <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasStartedBy" href="#wasStartedBy" class="owlclass">prov:wasStartedBy</a> + </li> + <li> <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasInvalidatedBy" href="#wasInvalidatedBy" class="owlclass">prov:wasInvalidatedBy</a> </li> <li> - <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasStartedBy" href="#wasStartedBy" class="owlclass">prov:wasStartedBy</a> + <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasInformedBy" href="#wasInformedBy" class="owlclass">prov:wasInformedBy</a> </li> <li> <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo" href="#wasAttributedTo" class="owlclass">prov:wasAttributedTo</a> @@ -8800,9 +9003,6 @@ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasEndedBy" href="#wasEndedBy" class="owlclass">prov:wasEndedBy</a> </li> <li> - <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasInformedBy" href="#wasInformedBy" class="owlclass">prov:wasInformedBy</a> - </li> - <li> <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith" href="#wasAssociatedWith" class="owlclass">prov:wasAssociatedWith</a> </li> <li> @@ -8817,6 +9017,18 @@ </ul> </dd> + <dt>can be qualified with</dt> + <dd> + <ul> + <li> + <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedInfluence" href="#qualifiedInfluence" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedInfluence</a> <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup> + </li> + <li> + <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Influence" href="#Influence" class="owlclass">prov:Influence</a> + </li> + </ul> + </dd> + <dt>PROV-DM term</dt> <dd> <a title="prov-dm" href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/releases/CR-prov-dm-20121211/Overview.html#term-influence">influence</a> </dd> @@ -8847,10 +9059,10 @@ </section --> - <div class="appendix section" id="prov-o-owl-profile"> + <div id="owl-profile" class="appendix informative section"> <!-- OddPage --> -<h2><span class="secno">A. </span>PROV-O OWL Profile</h2> +<h2><span class="secno">A. </span>PROV-O OWL Profile</h2><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p> <p>To encourage widespread adoption, PROV-O's design is intentionally minimal and lightweight. Because the OWL 2 RL profile is aimed at RDF applications that require scalable reasoning without sacrificing too much expressive power [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-OWL2-PRIMER">OWL2-PRIMER</a></cite>], @@ -8959,7 +9171,7 @@ </p> </div> - <div class="appendix section" id="names-of-inverse-properties"> + <div class="appendix section" id="inverse-names"> <!-- OddPage --> <h2><span class="secno">B. </span>Names of inverse properties</h2> @@ -9039,7 +9251,7 @@ </div> <p>The following table lists the recommended inverse names that should be used if a modeler does not want to use the recommended PROV-O property. - For convenience, <a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o-inverses.owl">this file</a> lists the resulting inverse properties. + For convenience, <a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o-inverses">this file</a> lists the resulting inverse properties. </p> @@ -9125,7 +9337,7 @@ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlproperty">prov:Entity</a></td> </tr> <tr> - <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Influence" href="#Influence" class="owlproperty">prov:Influence</a></td> + <td>union</td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadRole" href="#hadRole" class="owlproperty">prov:hadRole</a></td> <td>prov:wasRoleIn</td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Role" href="#Role" class="owlproperty">prov:Role</a></td> @@ -9145,6 +9357,7 @@ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Influence" href="#Influence" class="owlproperty">prov:Influence</a></td> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#influencer" href="#influencer" class="owlproperty">prov:influencer</a></td> <td>prov:hadInfluence</td> + <td>union</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlproperty">prov:Activity</a></td> @@ -9324,10 +9537,10 @@ </div> - <div class="appendix section" id="changes-since-wd-prov-o-20120724"> + <div class="appendix informative section" id="changes-since-wd-prov-o-20120724"> <!-- OddPage --> -<h2><span class="secno">C. </span>Changes since WD-prov-o-20120724</h2> +<h2><span class="secno">C. </span>Changes since WD-prov-o-20120724</h2><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p> <ul> <li>Restated <a href="#hadRole" class="qname">prov:hadRole</a>'s domain to 'Association or InstantaneousEvent' instead of the original that enumerated the subclasses of InstantaneousEvent @@ -9376,13 +9589,15 @@ <li>Corrected Turtle syntax for RL violations in <a href="#prov-o-owl-profile">PROV-O OWL Profile</a> section. They were missing owl:unionOf.</li> <li>Updated attributions for the tools used to produce this document in <a href="#acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a> section.</li> + + <li>Reworked the <a href="#description-expanded-terms">Expanded Terms</a> narrative and examples to better highlight each term.</li> </ul> </div> - <div class="appendix section" id="acknowledgements"> + <div class="appendix informative section" id="acknowledgements"> <!-- OddPage --> -<h2><span class="secno">D. </span>Acknowledgements</h2> +<h2><span class="secno">D. </span>Acknowledgements</h2><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p> <p>This document has been produced by the PROV Working Group, and its contents reflect extensive discussion within the Working Group as a whole. The editors extend special thanks to Sandro Hawke (<acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>/<acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym>) and Ivan Herman (<acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>/<acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym>), <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> contacts for the PROV Working Group.</p> @@ -9480,19 +9695,18 @@ <!-- OddPage --> <h2><span class="secno">E. </span>References</h2><div id="normative-references" class="section"><h3><span class="secno">E.1 </span>Normative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-IRI">[IRI]</dt><dd>M. Duerst, M. Suignard. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><cite>Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRI).</cite></a> January 2005. Internet RFC 3987. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt</a> </dd><dt id="bib-OWL2-OVERVIEW">[OWL2-OVERVIEW]</dt><dd>W3C OWL Working Group. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-overview-20091027/"><cite>OWL 2 Web Ontology Language: Overview.</cite></a> 27 October 2009. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-overview-20091027/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-overview-20091027/</a> -</dd><dt id="bib-OWL2-PRIMER">[OWL2-PRIMER]</dt><dd>Pascal Hitzler; Markus Krötzsch; Bijan Parsia; Peter F. Patel-Schneider; Sebastian Rudolph. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-primer-20091027/"><cite>OWL 2 Web Ontology Language:Primer.</cite></a> 27 October 2009. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-primer-20091027/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-primer-20091027/</a> -</dd><dt id="bib-OWL2-RDF-BASED-SEMANTICS">[OWL2-RDF-BASED-SEMANTICS]</dt><dd>Michael Schneider. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-rdf-based-semantics-20091027/"><cite>OWL 2 Web Ontology Language:RDF-Based Semantics.</cite></a> 27 October 2009. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-rdf-based-semantics-20091027/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-rdf-based-semantics-20091027/</a> </dd><dt id="bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]</dt><dd>James Cheney; Paolo Missier; Luc Moreau; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/"><cite>Constraints of the PROV Data Model</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, W3C Candidate Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/</a> </dd><dt id="bib-PROV-DM">[PROV-DM]</dt><dd>Luc Moreau; Paolo Missier; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/"><cite>PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, W3C Candidate Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/</a> </dd><dt id="bib-PROV-N">[PROV-N]</dt><dd>Luc Moreau; Paolo Missier; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/"><cite>PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, W3C Candidate Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/</a> -</dd><dt id="bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">[RDF-CONCEPTS]</dt><dd>Graham Klyne; Jeremy J. Carroll. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/"><cite>Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax.</cite></a> 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210</a> +</dd><dt id="bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">[RDF-CONCEPTS]</dt><dd>Graham Klyne; Jeremy J. Carroll. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210"><cite>Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax.</cite></a> 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210">http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210</a> </dd><dt id="bib-RFC2119">[RFC2119]</dt><dd>S. Bradner. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><cite>Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.</cite></a> March 1997. Internet RFC 2119. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a> </dd><dt id="bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">[XMLSCHEMA11-2]</dt><dd>Henry S. Thompson; et al. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/"><cite>W3C XML Schema Definition Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 2: Datatypes.</cite></a> 5 April 2012. W3C Recommendation URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/</a> -</dd></dl></div><div id="informative-references" class="section"><h3><span class="secno">E.2 </span>Informative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-LD-Patterns-QR">[LD-Patterns-QR]</dt><dd>Leigh Dodds and Ian Davis <a href="http://patterns.dataincubator.org/book/qualified-relation.html"><cite>Qualified Relation</cite></a>. modified 31 May 2012, accessed 01 June 2012 URL: <a href="http://patterns.dataincubator.org/book/qualified-relation.html">http://patterns.dataincubator.org/book/qualified-relation.html</a> +</dd></dl></div><div id="informative-references" class="section"><h3><span class="secno">E.2 </span>Informative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-LD-Patterns-QR">[LD-Patterns-QR]</dt><dd>Leigh Dodds; Ian Davis. <a href="http://patterns.dataincubator.org/book/qualified-relation.html"><cite>Qualified Relation</cite></a>. modified 31 May 2012, accessed 01 June 2012 URL: <a href="http://patterns.dataincubator.org/book/qualified-relation.html">http://patterns.dataincubator.org/book/qualified-relation.html</a> +</dd><dt id="bib-OWL2-PRIMER">[OWL2-PRIMER]</dt><dd>Pascal Hitzler; Markus Krötzsch; Bijan Parsia; Peter F. Patel-Schneider; Sebastian Rudolph. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-primer-20091027/"><cite>OWL 2 Web Ontology Language:Primer.</cite></a> 27 October 2009. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-primer-20091027/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-primer-20091027/</a> </dd><dt id="bib-PROV-AQ">[PROV-AQ]</dt><dd>Graham Klyne; Paul Groth; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. 19 June 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/</a> -</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">[PROV-OVERVIEW]</dt><dd>Editors TBD. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/"><cite>PROV-OVERVIEW: The PROV Family of Documents</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/</a> -</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-PRIMER">[PROV-PRIMER]</dt><dd>Yolanda Gil; Simon Miles; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/</a> +</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">[PROV-OVERVIEW]</dt><dd>Paul Groth; Luc Moreau; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/"><cite>PROV-OVERVIEW: An Overview of the PROV Family of Documents</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/</a> +</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-PRIMER">[PROV-PRIMER]</dt><dd>Yolanda Gil; Simon Miles; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/"><cite>PROV Model Primer</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/</a> </dd><dt id="bib-PROV-XML">[PROV-XML]</dt><dd>Hook Hua; Curt Tilmes; Stephan Zednik; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/"><cite>PROV-XML: The PROV XML Schema</cite></a>. 11 December 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/</a> -</dd><dt id="bib-RDF-SCHEMA">[RDF-SCHEMA]</dt><dd>Dan Brickley; Ramanathan V. Guha. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-schema-20040210/"><cite>RDF Vocabulary Description Language 1.0: RDF Schema.</cite></a> 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-schema-20040210/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-schema-20040210</a> -</dd><dt id="bib-TRIG">[TRIG]</dt><dd>Chris Bizer and Richard Cyganiak <a href="http://wifo5-03.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/bizer/trig/"><cite>The TriG Syntax</cite></a>. modified 30 July 2007, accessed 05 November 2012 URL: <a href="http://wifo5-03.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/bizer/trig/">http://wifo5-03.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/bizer/trig/</a> +</dd><dt id="bib-RDF-SCHEMA">[RDF-SCHEMA]</dt><dd>Dan Brickley; Ramanathan V. Guha. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-schema-20040210"><cite>RDF Vocabulary Description Language 1.0: RDF Schema.</cite></a> 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-schema-20040210">http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-schema-20040210</a> +</dd><dt id="bib-TRIG">[TRIG]</dt><dd>Chris Bizer; Richard Cyganiak. <a href="http://wifo5-03.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/bizer/trig/"><cite>The TriG Syntax</cite></a>. modified 30 July 2007, accessed 05 November 2012 URL: <a href="http://wifo5-03.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/bizer/trig/">http://wifo5-03.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/bizer/trig/</a> </dd></dl></div></div></body></html>
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