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merge
authorLuc Moreau <l.moreau@ecs.soton.ac.uk>
Mon, 19 Nov 2012 16:16:15 +0000
changeset 4812 8bc766e31bc6
parent 4811 4c2f271d8212 (current diff)
parent 4810 bd37132cc264 (diff)
child 4814 e309bda4a570
child 4816 67fd4bec71f9
merge 
--- a/model/diff-n.html	Mon Nov 19 16:15:37 2012 +0000
+++ b/model/diff-n.html	Mon Nov 19 16:16:15 2012 +0000
@@ -12,457 +12,9 @@
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+    <style type="text/css">
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       .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
 table.thinborder {
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@@ -483,7 +35,7 @@
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@@ -495,11 +47,14 @@
 
     
 
+    
+
 
     
 
      
-  <style type="text/css">
+
+  <style type="text/css"><span class="insert">
 /*****************************************************************
  * ReSpec CSS
  * Robin Berjon (robin at berjon dot com)
@@ -507,8 +62,8 @@
  *****************************************************************/
 
 
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@@ -548,9 +103,9 @@
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 pre.idl::before {
@@ -964,13 +519,1025 @@
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-</style><link href="./extra.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" charset="utf-8"><link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-ED" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" charset="utf-8"></head> 
-  <body style="display: inherit; "><div class="head"><p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img width="72" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" alt="W3C"></a></p><h1 class="title" id="title">PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</h1><h2 id="subtitle"><a href="diff-n.html"><span class="insert">Diffs</span></a><span class="insert"> since LC Release </span></h2><h2 id="w3c-editor-s-draft-06-november-2012"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> <span class="delete">Working</span><span class="insert">Editor's</span> Draft <span class="delete">24 July</span><span class="insert">06 November</span> 2012</h2><dl><dt>This version:</dt><dd><span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/</span><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html"><span class="insert">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html</span></a></dd><dt>Latest published version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a></dd><dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt><dd><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html</a></dd><dt>Previous version:</dt><dd><span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120503/</span><span class="delete">  (</span><span class="delete">color-coded diffs</span><span class="delete">)</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/</span></a></dd><dt>Editors:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/">Luc Moreau</a>, University of Southampton</dd>
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+
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+/* line numbers (not yet implemented) */
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+/* Internet related */
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+</span><link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-CR" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" charset="utf-8"></head> 
+   
+
+  <body style="display: inherit; "><div class="head"><p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img width="72" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" alt="W3C"></a></p><h1 class="title" id="title">PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</h1><h2 id="w3c-candidate-recommendation-11-december-2012"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> <span class="delete">Working Draft 24 July</span><span class="insert">Candidate Recommendation 11 December</span> 2012</h2><dl><dt>This version:</dt><dd><span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/</span></a></dd><dt>Latest published version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a></dd><dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt><dd><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html</a></dd><dt>Previous version:</dt><dd><span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120503/</span><span class="delete">  (</span><span class="delete">color-coded diffs</span><span class="delete">)</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/</span></a></dd><dt>Editors:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/">Luc Moreau</a>, University of Southampton</dd>
 <dd><a href="http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier">Paolo Missier</a>, Newcastle University</dd>
-<dt><span class="delete">Contributors:</span><span class="insert">Authors:</span></dt><dd><a href="http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jcheney/">James Cheney</a>, University of Edinburgh</dd>
+<dt>Contributors:</dt><dd><a href="http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jcheney/">James Cheney</a>, University of Edinburgh</dd>
 <dd><a href="http://soiland-reyes.com/stian/">Stian Soiland-Reyes</a>, University of Manchester</dd>
 </dl><p class="copyright"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> © 2012 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym></a><sup>®</sup> (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.</p><hr></div> 
 
+     
     <div id="abstract" class="introductory section"><h2>Abstract</h2>
 
 <p>
@@ -995,26 +1562,33 @@
 formal semantics of PROV.  The purpose of this document is to define the PROV-N notation.
 </p>
     </div><div id="sotd" class="introductory section"><h2>Status of This Document</h2><p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> technical reports index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em></p>
-<h4 id="last-call">Last Call</h4>
-<p>
-This is a Last Call Working Draft. The design is not expected to change significantly, going forward, and now is the key time for external review.</p>
-
-<p>This specification identifies one  <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr#cfi">feature at risk</a>: the expression Mention <a href="#expression-mention">(section 3.5.3)</a> might be removed from PROV if implementation experience reveals problems with supporting this construct.</p>
-
-
-
-<h4 id="prov-family-of-specifications">PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
-This document is part of the PROV family of specifications, a set of specifications defining various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
-interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web.  The specifications are:
+<span class="delete">Last Call</span><h4 id="prov-family-of-documents"><span class="insert">PROV Family of Documents</span></h4>
+
+This <span class="insert">document </span>is <span class="insert">part of the PROV family of documents, </span>a <span class="delete">Last Call Working Draft. The design is not expected to change significantly, going forward, and now is the key time for external review.</span>
+
+<span class="delete">This specification identifies one  </span><span class="delete">feature at risk</span><span class="delete">: the expression Mention </span><span class="delete">(section 3.5.3)</span><span class="delete"> might be removed from PROV if implementation experience reveals problems with supporting this construct.</span>
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">PROV Family</span><span class="insert">set</span> of <span class="delete">Specifications</span><span class="delete">
+This document is part of the PROV family of specifications, a set of specifications</span><span class="insert">documents</span> defining various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
+interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web.  <span class="delete">The specifications</span><span class="insert">These documents</span> are:
 <ul>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">PROV-DM</a>, the PROV data model for provenance;</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a>, a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model;</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/">PROV-N</a>, a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption  (this document);</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/">PROV-O</a>, the PROV ontology, an OWL2 ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF;</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/">PROV-AQ</a>, the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance; </li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/">PROV-PRIMER</a>, a primer for the PROV data model.</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/"><span class="insert">PROV-OVERVIEW</span></a><span class="insert"> (Note), an overview of the PROV family of documents [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW"><span class="insert">PROV-OVERVIEW</span></a></cite><span class="insert">];</span></li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/"><span class="insert">PROV-PRIMER</span></a><span class="insert"> (Note), a primer for the PROV data model [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-PRIMER"><span class="insert">PROV-PRIMER</span></a></cite><span class="insert">];</span></li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/"><span class="insert">PROV-O</span></a><span class="insert"> (Recommendation), the PROV ontology, an OWL2 ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-O"><span class="insert">PROV-O</span></a></cite><span class="insert">];</span></li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/">PROV-DM</a><span class="delete">,</span><span class="insert"> (Recommendation),</span> the PROV data model for <span class="delete">provenance;</span><span class="insert">provenance [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM"><span class="insert">PROV-DM</span></a></cite><span class="insert">];</span></li>
+<li> <span class="delete">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</span><span class="delete">, a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model;</span>
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/">PROV-N</a><span class="delete">,</span><span class="insert"> (Recommendation),</span> a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption  (this document);</li>
+<li> <span class="delete">PROV-O</span><span class="delete">,</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/"><span class="insert">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</span></a><span class="insert"> (Recommendation), a set of constraints applying to</span> the PROV <span class="delete">ontology, </span><span class="insert">data model [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS"><span class="insert">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</span></a></cite><span class="insert">];</span></li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/"><span class="insert">PROV-AQ</span></a><span class="insert"> (Note), the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-AQ"><span class="insert">PROV-AQ</span></a></cite><span class="insert">]; </span></li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/"><span class="insert">PROV-XML</span></a><span class="insert"> (Note),  </span>an <span class="delete">OWL2 ontology allowing the mapping of</span><span class="insert">XML schema for the</span> PROV <span class="delete">to RDF;</span><span class="insert">data model [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-XML"><span class="insert">PROV-XML</span></a></cite><span class="insert">].</span></li>
+ <span class="delete">PROV-AQ</span><span class="delete">, the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance; </span>
+ <span class="delete">PROV-PRIMER</span><span class="delete">, a primer for the PROV data model.</span>
 
 </ul>
+
+
 <h4 id="how-to-read-the-prov-family-of-specifications">How to read the PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
 <ul>
 <li>The primer is the entry point to PROV offering an introduction to the provenance model.</li>
@@ -1024,7 +1598,7 @@
 <li>Readers seeking to implement other PROV serializations
 should focus on PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS.  PROV-O and PROV-N offer examples of mapping to RDF and text, respectively.</li>
 </ul>
-<p>This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/">Provenance Working Group</a> as <span class="delete">a Last Call Working</span><span class="insert">an Editor's</span> Draft.<span class="delete"> This document is intended to become a </span><span class="delete">W3C</span><span class="delete"> Recommendation.</span> If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to <a href="mailto:public-prov-comments@w3.org">public-prov-comments@w3.org</a> (<a href="mailto:public-prov-comments-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>, <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/">archives</a>).<span class="delete"> The Last Call period ends 18 September 2012.</span> All feedback is welcome.</p><p>Publication as <span class="delete">a Working</span><span class="insert">an Editor's</span> Draft does not imply endorsement by the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.<span class="delete">This is a Last Call Working Draft and thus the Working Group has determined that this document has satisfied the relevant technical requirements and is sufficiently stable to advance through the Technical Recommendation process.</span></p><p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>. <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>.</p></div><div id="toc" class="section"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#introduction" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#purpose" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.1 </span>Purpose of this Document and Target Audience</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#compliance-with-this-document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">1.2 </span></span><span class="insert">Compliance with this Document</span></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#structure-of-this-document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">1.2</span><span class="insert">1.3</span> </span>Structure of this Document</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#notational-conventions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">1.3</span><span class="insert">1.4</span> </span>Notational Conventions</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#general-conventions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>General grammar considerations</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#functional-syntax" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1 </span>Functional-style Syntax</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#grammar-notation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2 </span>EBNF Grammar</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#main-productions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Main Productions</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-n-optionals" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.4 </span>Optional terms in expressions</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-n-standard-terms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.5 </span>Identifiers and attributes</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#comments" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.6 </span>Comments</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-n-expressions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>PROV-N Productions per Component</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#component1" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1 </span>Component 1: Entities and Activities</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Entity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.1 </span>Entity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Activity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.2 </span>Activity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Generation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.3 </span>Generation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Usage" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.4 </span>Usage</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-wasInformedBy" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.5 </span>Communication</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Start" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.6 </span>Start</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-End" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.7 </span>End</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Invalidation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.8 </span>Invalidation</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component2" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2 </span>Component 2: Derivations</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#Derivation-Relation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.1 </span>Derivation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Revision" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.2 </span>Revision</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-quotation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.3 </span>Quotation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-primary-source" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.4 </span>Primary Source</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component3" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3 </span>Component 3: Agents, Responsibility, and Influence</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Agent" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.1 </span>Agent</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-attribution" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.2 </span>Attribution</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Association" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.3 </span>Association</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-delegation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.4 </span>Delegation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-influence" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.5 </span>Influence</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component4" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.4 </span>Component 4: Bundles</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-bundle-constructor" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.4.1 </span>Bundle Constructor</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-bundle-type" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.4.2 </span>Bundle Type</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component5" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.5 </span>Component 5: Alternate Entities</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-alternate" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.5.1 </span>Alternate</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-specialization" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.5.2 </span>Specialization</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-mention" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.5.3 </span>Mention</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component6" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.6 </span>Component 6: Collections</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-collection" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.6.1 </span>Collection</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-collection-membership" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.6.2 </span>Membership</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#subexpressions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7 </span>Further Expressions</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-identifier" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.1 </span>Identifier</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-attribute" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.2 </span>Attribute</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-literal" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.3 </span>Literal</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-types" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.3.1 </span>Reserved Type Values</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Time" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.3.2 </span>Time Values</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-NamespaceDeclaration" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.4 </span>Namespace Declaration</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#semantic-rules-summary" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.5 </span>Summary of additional semantic rules</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span><span class="delete">Toplevel Bundle</span><span class="insert">Document</span></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#extensibility" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5. </span>Extensibility</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#media-type" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">6. </span>Media Type</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#changes-since-last-version" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">A. </span></span><span class="insert">Changes since last version</span></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">A.</span><span class="insert">B.</span> </span>Acknowledgements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">B.</span><span class="insert">C.</span> </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">B.1</span><span class="insert">C.1</span> </span>Normative references</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">B.2</span><span class="insert">C.2</span> </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></div> 
+<p>This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/">Provenance Working Group</a> as a <span class="delete">Last Call Working Draft.</span><span class="insert">Candidate Recommendation.</span> This document is intended to become a <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation. If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to <a href="mailto:public-prov-comments@w3.org">public-prov-comments@w3.org</a> (<a href="mailto:public-prov-comments-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>, <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/">archives</a>). <span class="delete">The Last Call period ends 18 September 2012.</span><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium"><span class="insert">W3C</span></acronym><span class="insert"> publishes a Candidate Recommendation to indicate that the document is believed to be stable and to encourage implementation by the developer community. This Candidate Recommendation is expected to advance to Proposed Recommendation no earlier than 31 January 2013.</span> All feedback is welcome.</p><p>Publication as a <span class="delete">Working Draft</span><span class="insert">Candidate Recommendation</span> does not imply endorsement by the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.<span class="delete">This is a Last Call Working Draft and thus the Working Group has determined that this document has satisfied the relevant technical requirements and is sufficiently stable to advance through the Technical Recommendation process.</span></p><p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>. <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>.</p></div><div id="toc" class="section"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#introduction" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#purpose" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.1 </span>Purpose of this Document and Target Audience</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#compliance-with-this-document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">1.2 </span></span><span class="insert">Compliance with this Document</span></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#structure-of-this-document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">1.2</span><span class="insert">1.3</span> </span>Structure of this Document</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#notational-conventions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">1.3</span><span class="insert">1.4</span> </span>Notational Conventions</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#general-conventions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>General grammar considerations</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#functional-syntax" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1 </span>Functional-style Syntax</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#grammar-notation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2 </span>EBNF Grammar</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#main-productions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Main Productions</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-n-optionals" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.4 </span>Optional terms in expressions</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-n-standard-terms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.5 </span>Identifiers and attributes</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#comments" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.6 </span>Comments</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-n-expressions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>PROV-N Productions per Component</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#component1" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1 </span>Component 1: Entities and Activities</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Entity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.1 </span>Entity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Activity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.2 </span>Activity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Generation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.3 </span>Generation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Usage" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.4 </span>Usage</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-wasInformedBy" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.5 </span>Communication</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Start" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.6 </span>Start</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-End" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.7 </span>End</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Invalidation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.8 </span>Invalidation</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component2" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2 </span>Component 2: Derivations</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#Derivation-Relation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.1 </span>Derivation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Revision" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.2 </span>Revision</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-quotation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.3 </span>Quotation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-primary-source" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.4 </span>Primary Source</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component3" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3 </span>Component 3: Agents, Responsibility, and Influence</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Agent" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.1 </span>Agent</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-attribution" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.2 </span>Attribution</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Association" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.3 </span>Association</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-delegation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.4 </span>Delegation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-influence" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.5 </span>Influence</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component4" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.4 </span>Component 4: Bundles</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-bundle-constructor" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.4.1 </span>Bundle Constructor</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-bundle-type" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.4.2 </span>Bundle Type</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component5" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.5 </span>Component 5: Alternate Entities</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-alternate" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.5.1 </span>Alternate</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-specialization" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.5.2 </span>Specialization</a></li><span class="delete">3.5.3 </span><span class="delete">Mention</span></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component6" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.6 </span>Component 6: Collections</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-collection" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.6.1 </span>Collection</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-collection-membership" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.6.2 </span>Membership</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#subexpressions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7 </span>Further Expressions</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-identifier" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.1 </span>Identifier</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-attribute" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.2 </span>Attribute</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-literal" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.3 </span>Literal</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-types" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.3.1 </span>Reserved Type Values</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Time" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.3.2 </span>Time Values</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-NamespaceDeclaration" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.4 </span>Namespace Declaration</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#semantic-rules-summary" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.5 </span>Summary of additional semantic rules</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span><span class="delete">Toplevel Bundle</span><span class="insert">Document</span></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#extensibility" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5. </span>Extensibility</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#media-type" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">6. </span>Media Type</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#changes-since-last-version" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">A. </span></span><span class="insert">Changes since last version</span></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">A.</span><span class="insert">B.</span> </span>Acknowledgements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">B.</span><span class="insert">C.</span> </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">B.1</span><span class="insert">C.1</span> </span>Normative references</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">B.2</span><span class="insert">C.2</span> </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></div> 
 
 
 
@@ -1054,7 +1628,7 @@
 <ul>
 <li>Technology independence. PROV-N provides a simple syntax that can be mapped to several technologies.
 
-</li><li>Human readability. PROV-N follows a functional syntax style that is meant to be easily human-readable so it can be used in illustrative examples, such as those presented in the PROV documents suite;
+</li><li>Human readability. PROV-N follows a functional syntax style that is meant to be easily human-readable so it can be used in illustrative examples, such as those presented in the PROV documents <span class="delete">suite;</span><span class="insert">suite</span>
 
 </li><li>Formality. PROV-N is defined through a formal grammar amenable to be used with parser generators.
 
@@ -1276,7 +1850,7 @@
 
 
 </p><table class="grammar">
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-expression" name="prod-expression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">2</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">expression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-entityExpression">entityExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-activityExpression">activityExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-generationExpression">generationExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-usageExpression">usageExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-startExpression">startExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-endExpression">endExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-invalidationExpression">invalidationExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-communicationExpression">communicationExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agentExpression">agentExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-associationExpression">associationExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-attributionExpression">attributionExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-delegationExpression">delegationExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-derivationExpression">derivationExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-influenceExpression">influenceExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-alternateExpression">alternateExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-specializationExpression">specializationExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-mentionExpression">mentionExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-membershipExpression">membershipExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityExpression">extensibilityExpression</a></span> )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-expression" name="prod-expression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">2</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">expression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-entityExpression">entityExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-activityExpression">activityExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-generationExpression">generationExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-usageExpression">usageExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-startExpression">startExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-endExpression">endExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-invalidationExpression">invalidationExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-communicationExpression">communicationExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agentExpression">agentExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-associationExpression">associationExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-attributionExpression">attributionExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-delegationExpression">delegationExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-derivationExpression">derivationExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-influenceExpression">influenceExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-alternateExpression">alternateExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-specializationExpression">specializationExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><span class="delete">mentionExpression</span><span class="delete"> | </span><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-membershipExpression">membershipExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityExpression">extensibilityExpression</a></span> )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
 </table>
 
 
@@ -1306,7 +1880,7 @@
 <pre class="codeexample">activity(a2, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, 2011-11-16T16:00:01)
 activity(a1)
 </pre>
-The start and end times for Activity <span class="name">a1</span> are optional. They are specified in the first expression, but not in the second.
+The start and end times for <span class="delete">Activity </span><span class="delete">a1</span><span class="insert">an activity</span> are optional. They are specified in the first expression, but not in the second.
 </div>
 
 <p>The general rule for optionals is that, if <em>none</em> of the optionals are used in the expression, then they are simply omitted, resulting in a simpler expression as in the examples above.</p>
@@ -1408,10 +1982,10 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Entity maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-entity">Entity</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-entity">Entity</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#entity.id"><span class="attribute" id="entity.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#entity.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="entity.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#entity.id"><span class="attribute" id="entity.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#entity.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="entity.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
 </tbody></table>
 </div>
 
@@ -1447,17 +2021,17 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Activity maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-activity">Activity</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-activity">Activity</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#activity.id"><span class="attribute" id="activity.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#activity.startTime"><span class="attribute" id="activity.startTime">startTime</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#activity.endTime"><span class="attribute" id="activity.endTime">endTime</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-
-
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#activity.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="activity.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#activity.id"><span class="attribute" id="activity.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#activity.startTime"><span class="attribute" id="activity.startTime">startTime</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#activity.endTime"><span class="attribute" id="activity.endTime">endTime</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#activity.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="activity.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
 </tbody></table>
 </div>
 
@@ -1506,15 +2080,15 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Generation maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-wasgeneratedby">Generation</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasgeneratedby">Generation</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#generation.id"><span class="attribute" id="generation.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#generation.entity"><span class="attribute" id="generation.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#generation.activity"><span class="attribute" id="generation.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#generation.time"><span class="attribute" id="generation.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#generation.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="generation.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.id"><span class="attribute" id="generation.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.entity"><span class="attribute" id="generation.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.activity"><span class="attribute" id="generation.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.time"><span class="attribute" id="generation.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="generation.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
 </tbody></table>
 </div>
 
@@ -1560,15 +2134,15 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Usage maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-used">Usage</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-used">Usage</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#usage.id"><span class="attribute" id="usage.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#usage.activity"><span class="attribute" id="usage.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#usage.entity"><span class="attribute" id="usage.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#usage.time"><span class="attribute" id="usage.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#usage.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="usage.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.id"><span class="attribute" id="usage.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.activity"><span class="attribute" id="usage.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.entity"><span class="attribute" id="usage.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.time"><span class="attribute" id="usage.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="usage.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
 </tbody></table>
 </div>
 
@@ -1617,12 +2191,12 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Communication maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-wasinformedby">Communication</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasinformedby">Communication</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#communication.id"><span class="attribute" id="communication.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#communication.informed"><span class="attribute" id="communication.informed">informed</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#communication.informant"><span class="attribute" id="communication.informant">informant</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#communication.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="communication.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#communication.id"><span class="attribute" id="communication.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#communication.informed"><span class="attribute" id="communication.informed">informed</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#communication.informant"><span class="attribute" id="communication.informant">informant</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#communication.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="communication.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
 </tbody></table>
 </div>
 
@@ -1657,17 +2231,17 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Start maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-wasstartedby">Start</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasstartedby">Start</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#start.id"><span class="attribute" id="start.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#start.activity"><span class="attribute" id="start.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#start.trigger"><span class="attribute" id="start.trigger">trigger</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#start.starter"><span class="attribute" id="start.starter">starter</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#start.time"><span class="attribute" id="start.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#start.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="start.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.id"><span class="attribute" id="start.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.activity"><span class="attribute" id="start.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.trigger"><span class="attribute" id="start.trigger">trigger</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.starter"><span class="attribute" id="start.starter">starter</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.time"><span class="attribute" id="start.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="start.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
 </tbody></table>
 </div>
 
@@ -1675,9 +2249,9 @@
 
 <div class="anexample" id="example_16"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_16">Example 16</a></div>
 
-  <pre class="codeexample">wasStartedBy(s; ex:act2, ex:trigger, ex:act1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:param="a"])
+  <pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">wasStartedBy(s;</span><span class="insert">wasStartedBy(start;</span> ex:act2, ex:trigger, ex:act1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:param="a"])
   </pre>
-  <p>Here <span class="name">s</span> is the optional start identifier,  <span class="name">ex:act2</span> is the identifier of the started activity,
+  <p>Here <span class="name"><span class="delete">s</span><span class="insert">start</span></span> is the optional start identifier,  <span class="name">ex:act2</span> is the identifier of the started activity,
   <span class="name">ex:trigger</span> is the optional identifier for the entity that triggered the activity start,
    <span class="name">ex:act1</span> is the optional identifier for the activity that generated the (possibly unspecified) entity   <span class="name">ex:trigger</span>,
  <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> is the optional start time, and <span class="name"> [ex:param="a"]</span> are optional attributes.</p>
@@ -1687,7 +2261,7 @@
 wasStartedBy(ex:act2, -, ex:act1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
 wasStartedBy(ex:act2, -, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
 wasStartedBy(ex:act2, [ex:param="a"])
-wasStartedBy(s; ex:act2, e, ex:act1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+<span class="delete">wasStartedBy(s;</span><span class="insert">wasStartedBy(start;</span> ex:act2, e, ex:act1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
 </pre>
 </div>
 
@@ -1716,29 +2290,29 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM End maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-wasendedby">End</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasendedby">End</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#end.id"><span class="attribute" id="end.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#end.activity"><span class="attribute" id="end.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#end.trigger"><span class="attribute" id="end.trigger">trigger</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#end.ender"><span class="attribute" id="end.ender">ender</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#end.time"><span class="attribute" id="end.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#end.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="end.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.id"><span class="attribute" id="end.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.activity"><span class="attribute" id="end.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.trigger"><span class="attribute" id="end.trigger">trigger</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.ender"><span class="attribute" id="end.ender">ender</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.time"><span class="attribute" id="end.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="end.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
 </tbody></table>
 </div>
 
 
 <div class="anexample" id="example_17"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_17">Example 17</a></div>
 
-    <pre class="codeexample">wasEndedBy(s; ex:act2, ex:trigger,ex:act3,  2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:param="a"])
+    <pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">wasEndedBy(s;</span><span class="insert">wasEndedBy(end;</span> ex:act2, ex:trigger,ex:act3,  2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:param="a"])
   </pre>
-<p>  Here <span class="name">s</span> is the optional start identifier,  
+<p>  Here <span class="name"><span class="delete">s</span><span class="insert">end</span></span> is the optional <span class="delete">start</span><span class="insert">end</span> identifier,  
 <span class="name">ex:act2</span> is the identifier of the ending activity,
   <span class="name">ex:trigger</span> is the identifier of the entity that triggered the activity end,
-  <span class="name">ex:act3</span> is the optional identifier for the activity that generated the (possibly unspecified) entity   <span class="name">e</span>,
+  <span class="name">ex:act3</span> is the optional identifier for the activity that generated the (possibly unspecified) entity   <span class="name"><span class="delete">e</span><span class="insert">ex:trigger</span></span>,
  <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> is the optional usage time, and <span class="name"> [ex:param="a"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
 The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
 
@@ -1747,8 +2321,8 @@
 wasEndedBy(ex:act2, ex:trigger, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
 wasEndedBy(ex:act2, -, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
 wasEndedBy(ex:act2, -, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:param="a"])
-wasEndedBy(e; ex:act2)
-wasEndedBy(e; ex:act2, ex:trigger, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+<span class="delete">wasEndedBy(e;</span><span class="insert">wasEndedBy(end;</span> ex:act2)
+<span class="delete">wasEndedBy(e;</span><span class="insert">wasEndedBy(end;</span> ex:act2, ex:trigger, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
 </pre>
 </div>
 
@@ -1784,23 +2358,23 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Invalidation maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-wasinvalidatedby">Invalidation</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasinvalidatedby">Invalidation</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#invalidation.id"><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#invalidation.entity"><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#invalidation.activity"><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#invalidation.time"><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#invalidation.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.id"><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.entity"><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.activity"><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.time"><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
 </tbody></table>
 </div>
 
 <div class="anexample" id="example_18"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_18">Example 18</a></div>
 
-<pre class="codeexample">wasInvalidatedBy(ex:i1; tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00,  [ex:fct="save"])
+<pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">wasInvalidatedBy(ex:i1;</span><span class="insert">wasInvalidatedBy(ex:inv;</span> tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00,  [ex:fct="save"])
 </pre>
-<p>  Here <span class="name">ex:i1</span> is the optional invalidation identifier, <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is the identifier of the entity being invalidated,
+<p>  Here <span class="name"><span class="delete">ex:i1</span><span class="insert">ex:inv</span></span> is the optional invalidation identifier, <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is the identifier of the entity being invalidated,
   <span class="name">ex:edit1</span> is the optional identifier of the invalidating activity, <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> is the optional invalidation time, and <span class="name"> [ex:fct="save"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
 The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
   
@@ -1808,7 +2382,7 @@
 wasInvalidatedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
 wasInvalidatedBy(e2, a1, -, [ex:fct="save"])     
 wasInvalidatedBy(e2, -, -, [ex:fct="save"])     
-wasInvalidatedBy(ex:i1; tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
+<span class="delete">wasInvalidatedBy(ex:i1;</span><span class="insert">wasInvalidatedBy(ex:inv;</span> tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
 wasInvalidatedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
 </pre>
 </div>
@@ -1851,25 +2425,25 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Derivation maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-wasderivedfrom">Derivation</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasderivedfrom">Derivation</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
 
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#derivation.id"><span class="attribute" id="derivation.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#derivation.generatedEntity"><span class="attribute" id="derivation.generatedEntity">generatedEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#derivation.usedEntity"><span class="attribute" id="derivation.usedEntity">usedEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#derivation.activity"><span class="attribute" id="derivation.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#derivation.generation"><span class="attribute" id="derivation.generation">generation</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-gIdentifierOrMarker">gIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#derivation.usage"><span class="attribute" id="derivation.usage">usage</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-uIdentifierOrMarker">uIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#derivation.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="derivation.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#derivation.id"><span class="attribute" id="derivation.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#derivation.generatedEntity"><span class="attribute" id="derivation.generatedEntity">generatedEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#derivation.usedEntity"><span class="attribute" id="derivation.usedEntity">usedEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#derivation.activity"><span class="attribute" id="derivation.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#derivation.generation"><span class="attribute" id="derivation.generation">generation</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-gIdentifierOrMarker">gIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#derivation.usage"><span class="attribute" id="derivation.usage">usage</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-uIdentifierOrMarker">uIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#derivation.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="derivation.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
 </tbody></table>
 </div>
 
@@ -1960,7 +2534,7 @@
 
 
 <div class="anexample" id="example_22"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_22">Example 22</a></div>
-    <pre class="codeexample">wasDerivedFrom(src1;  ex:e1, ex:e2, ex:act, ex:g, ex:u, 
+    <pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">wasDerivedFrom(src1;</span><span class="insert">wasDerivedFrom(sourceId1;</span>  ex:e1, ex:e2, ex:act, ex:g, ex:u, 
                [ prov:type='prov:PrimarySource' ])
 </pre>
 <p>Here, the derivation is provided with a <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute and value <span class="name">prov:PrimarySource</span>.
@@ -1991,10 +2565,10 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Agent maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-agent">Agent</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-agent">Agent</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#agent.id"><span class="attribute" id="agent.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#agent.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="agent.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#agent.id"><span class="attribute" id="agent.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#agent.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="agent.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
 </tbody></table>
 </div>
 
@@ -2038,14 +2612,14 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Attribution maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-wasattributedto">Attribution</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasattributedto">Attribution</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#attribution.id"><span class="attribute" id="attribution.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#attribution.entity"><span class="attribute" id="attribution.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#attribution.agent"><span class="attribute" id="attribution.agent">agent</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier">agIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#attribution.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="attribution.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#attribution.id"><span class="attribute" id="attribution.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#attribution.entity"><span class="attribute" id="attribution.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#attribution.agent"><span class="attribute" id="attribution.agent">agent</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier">agIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#attribution.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="attribution.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
 </tbody></table>
 </div>
 
@@ -2053,9 +2627,9 @@
 
 <div class="anexample" id="example_24"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_24">Example 24</a></div>
 
-<pre class="codeexample">wasAttributedTo(id; e, ag, [ex:license='cc:attributionURL' ])
+<pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">wasAttributedTo(id;</span><span class="insert">wasAttributedTo(attr;</span> e, ag, [ex:license='cc:attributionURL' ])
   </pre>
-<p>    Here <span class="name">id</span> is the optional attribution identifier,  <span class="name">e</span> is an entity identifier,
+<p>    Here <span class="name"><span class="delete">id</span><span class="insert">attr</span></span> is the optional attribution identifier,  <span class="name">e</span> is an entity identifier,
   <span class="name">ag</span> is the identifier of the agent to whom the entity is abscribed, 
 and <span class="name">[ex:license='cc:attributionURL' ]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
 The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
@@ -2086,19 +2660,19 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Association maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-wasassociatedwith">Association</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasassociatedwith">Association</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
 
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#association.id"><span class="attribute" id="association.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#association.activity"><span class="attribute" id="association.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#association.agent"><span class="attribute" id="association.agent">agent</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifierOrMarker">agIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#association.plan"><span class="attribute" id="association.plan">plan</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#association.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="association.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.id"><span class="attribute" id="association.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.activity"><span class="attribute" id="association.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.agent"><span class="attribute" id="association.agent">agent</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifierOrMarker">agIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.plan"><span class="attribute" id="association.plan">plan</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="association.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
 </tbody></table>
 </div>
 
@@ -2109,10 +2683,10 @@
 
 
 <div class="anexample" id="example_25"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_25">Example 25</a></div>
-<pre class="codeexample">wasAssociatedWith(ex:agas; ex:a1, ex:ag1, ex:e1, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+<pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">wasAssociatedWith(ex:agas;</span><span class="insert">wasAssociatedWith(ex:assoc;</span> ex:a1, ex:ag1, ex:e1, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
   </pre>
 
-<p>  Here <span class="name">ex:agas</span> is the optional attribution identifier,
+<p>  Here <span class="name"><span class="delete">ex:agas</span><span class="insert">ex:assoc</span></span> is the optional attribution identifier,
   <span class="name">ex:a1</span> is an activity identifier,
   <span class="name">ex:ag1</span> is the optional identifier of the agent associated to the activity,
   <span class="name">ex:e1</span> is the optional identifier of the plan used by the agent in the context of the activity,
@@ -2134,44 +2708,86 @@
 
 
 
-</div>
-<div id="expression-delegation" class="section">
-<h4><span class="secno">3.3.4 </span>Delegation</h4>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<table class="grammar">
-
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-delegationExpression" name="prod-delegationExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">21</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">delegationExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"actedOnBehalfOf" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier">agIdentifier</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier">agIdentifier</a></span> ( "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></span> )? <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-
-</table>
-
-<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Delegation maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
-<div style="text-align: left; ">
-<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-actedonbehalfof">Delegation</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
-<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#delegation.id"><span class="attribute" id="delegation.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#delegation.delegate"><span class="attribute" id="delegation.delegate">delegate</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier">agIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#delegation.responsible"><span class="attribute" id="delegation.responsible">responsible</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier">agIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#delegation.activity"><span class="attribute" id="delegation.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#delegation.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="delegation.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
-</tbody></table>
-</div>
+
+
+<span class="delete">3.3.4 </span><span class="delete">Delegation</span>
+
+
+
+
+
+  <span class="delete">[</span><span class="delete">21</span><span class="delete">]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span class="delete">delegationExpression</span> <span class="delete">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span class="delete">"actedOnBehalfOf" "(" </span><span class="delete">optionalIdentifier</span> <span class="delete">agIdentifier</span><span class="delete"> "," </span><span class="delete">agIdentifier</span><span class="delete"> ( "," </span><span class="delete">aIdentifierOrMarker</span><span class="delete"> )? </span><span class="delete">optionalAttributeValuePairs</span><span class="delete"> ")"</span>  
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Delegation maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</span>
+
+
+<span class="delete">Delegation</span><span class="delete">Non-Terminal</span>
+
+
+<span class="delete">id</span><span class="delete">optionalIdentifier</span>
+
+<span class="delete">delegate</span><span class="delete">agIdentifier</span>
+
+<span class="delete">responsible</span><span class="delete">agIdentifier</span>
+
+<span class="delete">activity</span><span class="delete">aIdentifierOrMarker</span>
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">attributes</span><span class="delete">optionalAttributeValuePairs</span>
+
+
+
+
+
 
 
 
 <div class="anexample" id="example_26"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_26">Example 26</a></div>
+<p><span class="insert">The  following expressions illustrates a plan.
+</span></p><pre class="codeexample"><span class="insert">  entity(ex:pl1,   [ prov:type='prov:Plan' ])
+</span></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+<div id="expression-delegation" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno"><span class="insert">3.3.4 </span></span><span class="insert">Delegation</span></h4>
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-delegationExpression" name="prod-delegationExpression"></a><span class="insert">[</span><span class="prodNo"><span class="insert">21</span></span><span class="insert">]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></td> <td><code class="production prod"><span class="insert">delegationExpression</span></code></td> <td><span class="insert">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></td> <td><code class="content"><span class="insert">"actedOnBehalfOf" "(" </span><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier"><span class="insert">optionalIdentifier</span></a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier"><span class="insert">agIdentifier</span></a></span><span class="insert"> "," </span><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier"><span class="insert">agIdentifier</span></a></span><span class="insert"> ( "," </span><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker"><span class="insert">aIdentifierOrMarker</span></a></span><span class="insert"> )? </span><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs"><span class="insert">optionalAttributeValuePairs</span></a></span><span class="insert"> ")"</span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+</table>
+
+<p><span class="insert">The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Delegation maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</span></p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-actedonbehalfof"><span class="insert">Delegation</span></a></b></td><td><b><span class="insert">Non-Terminal</span></b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#delegation.id"><span class="attribute" id="delegation.id"><span class="insert">id</span></span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier"><span class="insert">optionalIdentifier</span></a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#delegation.delegate"><span class="attribute" id="delegation.delegate"><span class="insert">delegate</span></span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier"><span class="insert">agIdentifier</span></a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#delegation.responsible"><span class="attribute" id="delegation.responsible"><span class="insert">responsible</span></span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier"><span class="insert">agIdentifier</span></a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#delegation.activity"><span class="attribute" id="delegation.activity"><span class="insert">activity</span></span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker"><span class="insert">aIdentifierOrMarker</span></a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#delegation.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="delegation.attributes"><span class="insert">attributes</span></span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs"><span class="insert">optionalAttributeValuePairs</span></a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_27"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_27"><span class="insert">Example 27</span></a></div>
 
   <pre class="codeexample">actedOnBehalfOf(del1; ag2, ag1, a, [prov:type="contract"])
   </pre>
@@ -2187,7 +2803,7 @@
 actedOnBehalfOf(ag1, ag2, a)
 actedOnBehalfOf(ag1, ag2, -, [prov:type="delegation"])
 actedOnBehalfOf(ag2, ag3, a, [prov:type="contract"])
-actedOnBehalfOf(r; ag2, ag3, a, [prov:type="contract"])
+<span class="delete">actedOnBehalfOf(r;</span><span class="insert">actedOnBehalfOf(del1;</span> ag2, ag3, a, [prov:type="contract"])
 </pre>
 </div>
 
@@ -2206,25 +2822,25 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Influence maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-wasinfluencedby">Influence</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasinfluencedby">Influence</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
 
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#influence.id"><span class="attribute" id="influence.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#influence.influencee"><span class="attribute" id="influence.influencee">influencee</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#influence.influencer"><span class="attribute" id="influence.influencer">influencer</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#influence.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="influence.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#influence.id"><span class="attribute" id="influence.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#influence.influencee"><span class="attribute" id="influence.influencee">influencee</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#influence.influencer"><span class="attribute" id="influence.influencer">influencer</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#influence.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="influence.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
 </tbody></table>
 </div>
 
 
-<div class="anexample" id="example_27"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_27">Example 27</a></div>
-    <pre class="codeexample">wasInfluencedBy(id;e2,e1,[ex:param="a"])
+<div class="anexample" id="example_28"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_28">Example <span class="delete">27</span><span class="insert">28</span></a></div>
+    <pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">wasInfluencedBy(id;e2,e1,[ex:param="a"])</span><span class="insert">wasInfluencedBy(infl1;e2,e1,[ex:param="a"])</span>
   </pre>
-<p>  Here
-    <span class="name">id</span> is the optional influence identifier,
+<p>  <span class="delete">Here</span><span class="insert">Here,</span>
+    <span class="name"><span class="delete">id</span><span class="insert">infl1</span></span> is the optional influence identifier,
   <span class="name">e2</span> is an entity identifier,
   <span class="name">e1</span> is the identifier for an ancestor entity that   <span class="name">e2</span> is influenced by,
   and <span class="name">[ex:param="a"]</span> is the optional set of attributes. </p>
@@ -2233,7 +2849,7 @@
 
   <pre class="codeexample">wasInfluencedBy(e2,e1)
 wasInfluencedBy(e2,e1,[ex:param="a"])
-wasInfluencedBy(id; e2,e1)
+<span class="delete">wasInfluencedBy(id;</span><span class="insert">wasInfluencedBy(infl1;</span> e2,e1)
 </pre>
 </div>
 
@@ -2251,9 +2867,9 @@
 <tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-bundle" name="prod-bundle"></a>[<span class="prodNo">23</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod"><span class="delete">namedBundle</span><span class="insert">bundle</span></code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"bundle" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span> (<span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclarations">namespaceDeclarations</a></span>)? (<span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></span>)* "endBundle"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
 </table>
 
-<p><span class="delete">Named bundles</span><span class="insert">Bundles</span> cannot be nested because <code><span class="delete">namedBundle</span><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle"><span class="insert">bundle</span></a></code> is not an <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></code>, and therefore cannot <span class="delete">occurs</span><span class="insert">occur</span> inside another <code><span class="delete">namedBundle</span><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle"><span class="insert">bundle</span></a></code>.</p>
-
-<p><span class="delete">Named bundles are self-contained: each</span><span class="insert">Each</span> identifier occuring in a<span class="delete"> named</span> bundle, including the bundle identifier itself, <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be interpreted with respect to the namespace declarations of that <span class="delete">bundle. In other words, for every identifier</span><span class="insert">bundle, or if the identifier's prefix is not declared in the bundle,</span> with <span class="insert">respect to the namespace declaration in the document. </span></p>
+<p><span class="delete">Named bundles</span><span class="insert">Bundles</span> cannot be nested because <span class="insert">a </span><code><span class="delete">namedBundle</span><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle"><span class="insert">bundle</span></a></code> is not an <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></code>, and therefore cannot <span class="delete">occurs</span><span class="insert">occur</span> inside another <code><span class="delete">namedBundle</span><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle"><span class="insert">bundle</span></a></code>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="delete">Named bundles are self-contained: each</span><span class="insert">Each</span> identifier occuring in a<span class="delete"> named</span> bundle, including the bundle identifier itself, <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be interpreted with respect to the namespace declarations of that <span class="delete">bundle. In other words, for every identifier</span><span class="insert">bundle, or if the identifier's prefix is not declared in the bundle,</span> with <span class="insert">respect to the namespace declarations in the document. </span></p>
 
 
 <p><span class="insert">The following table summarizes how each constituent of </span>a <span class="delete">prefix </span><span class="delete">p</span><span class="delete"> within</span><span class="insert">PROV-DM bundle maps to</span> a <span class="delete">named bundle, there </span><span class="delete">must</span><span class="delete"> be a namespace declaration for </span><span class="delete">p</span><span class="delete"> in this named bundled; for every identifier  without prefix, there </span><span class="delete">must</span><span class="delete"> be a default namespace declaration  in this named bundled.</span><span class="insert">PROV-N syntax element.</span></p>
@@ -2261,21 +2877,21 @@
 
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-bundle-constructor"><span class="insert">Bundle</span></a></b></td><td><b><span class="insert">Non-Terminal</span></b></td></tr>
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-bundle-constructor"><span class="insert">Bundle</span></a></b></td><td><b><span class="insert">Non-Terminal</span></b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
 
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#bundle.constructor.id"><span class="attribute" id="bundle.id"><span class="insert">id</span></span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier"><span class="insert">optionalIdentifier</span></a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#bundle.constructor.descriptions"><span class="attribute" id="bundle.descriptions"><span class="insert">descriptions</span></span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression"><span class="insert">expression</span></a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-namespaceDeclaration"><span class="attribute" id="namespaceDeclaration"><span class="insert">namespaceDeclaration</span></span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclarations"><span class="insert">namespaceDeclarations</span></a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#bundle.constructor.id"><span class="attribute" id="bundle.id"><span class="insert">id</span></span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier"><span class="insert">optionalIdentifier</span></a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#bundle.constructor.descriptions"><span class="attribute" id="bundle.descriptions"><span class="insert">descriptions</span></span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression"><span class="insert">expression</span></a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-namespaceDeclaration"><span class="attribute" id="namespaceDeclaration"><span class="insert">namespaceDeclaration</span></span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclarations"><span class="insert">namespaceDeclarations</span></a></code></td></tr>
 
 
 </tbody></table>
 </div>
 
 
-<div class="anexample" id="example_28"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_28">Example 28</a></div>
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-bundle1"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-bundle1">Example <span class="delete">28</span><span class="insert">29</span></a></div>
     <pre class="codeexample">bundle ex:author-view
   prefix ex  &lt;http://example.org/&gt;
   agent(ex:Paolo,   [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
@@ -2298,8 +2914,14 @@
 
 <p id="provn-type-Bundle">
 When described, a Bundle <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be expressed as an
-<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-entityExpression">entityExpression</a></code> with attribute <code>prov:type='prov:Bundle'</code>.</p>
-
+ <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-entityExpression">entityExpression</a></code> with attribute <code>prov:type='prov:Bundle'</code>.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_30"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_30"><span class="insert">Example 30</span></a></div>
+<p><span class="insert">The bundle of
+</span><a href="#anexample-bundle1" class="anexample-ref"><span><span class="insert">Example 29</span></span></a><span class="insert"> can be referred to as an an entity, and its provenance described.</span></p>
+<pre class="codeexample"><span class="insert">  entity(ex:author-view,   [ prov:type='prov:Bundle' ])
+</span></pre>
+</div>
 </div>
 </div>
 
@@ -2320,19 +2942,19 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Alternate maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-alternateof">Alternate</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-alternateof">Alternate</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
 
 
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#alternate.alternate1"><span class="attribute" id="alternate.alternate1">alternate1</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#alternate.alternate2"><span class="attribute" id="alternate.alternate2">alternate2</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#alternate.alternate1"><span class="attribute" id="alternate.alternate1">alternate1</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#alternate.alternate2"><span class="attribute" id="alternate.alternate2">alternate2</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
 
 </tbody></table>
 </div>
 
-<div class="anexample" id="example_29"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_29">Example 29</a></div>
+<div class="anexample" id="example_31"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_31">Example <span class="delete">29</span><span class="insert">31</span></a></div>
 <pre class="codeexample">alternateOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex:alternate-20111215)
 </pre>
   Here  <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is alternate for   <span class="name">ex:alternate-20111215</span>.
@@ -2358,20 +2980,20 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Specialization maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-specializationof">Specialization</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-specializationof">Specialization</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
 
 
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#specialization.specificEntity"><span class="attribute" id="specialization.specificEntity">specificEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#specialization.generalEntity"><span class="attribute" id="specialization.generalEntity">generalEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#specialization.specificEntity"><span class="attribute" id="specialization.specificEntity">specificEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#specialization.generalEntity"><span class="attribute" id="specialization.generalEntity">generalEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
 
 </tbody></table>
 </div>
 
 
-<div class="anexample" id="example_30"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_30">Example 30</a></div>
+<div class="anexample" id="example_32"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_32">Example <span class="delete">30</span><span class="insert">32</span></a></div>
 <pre class="codeexample">specializationOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,tr:prov-dm)
 </pre>
     Here  <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is a specialization of <span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span>.
@@ -2381,53 +3003,61 @@
 
 
 
-<div id="expression-mention" class="section"> 
-<h4><span class="secno">3.5.3 </span>Mention</h4>
-
-<div class="note">
-<p>Note: This feature is "<a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr#cfi">at risk</a>" and may be removed from this specification based on feedback. Please send feedback to public-prov-comments@w3.org.</p>
-
-
-<p>The expression Mention might be removed from PROV if implementation experience reveals problems with supporting this construct.</p>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<table class="grammar">
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-mentionExpression" name="prod-mentionExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">26</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">mentionExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"mentionOf" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bIdentifier">bIdentifier</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-</table>
-
-
-<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Mention maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
-<div style="text-align: left; ">
-<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-mentionof">Mention</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
-<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#mention.specificEntity"><span class="attribute" id="mention.specificEntity">specificEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#mention.generalEntity"><span class="attribute" id="mention.generalEntity">generalEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#mention.bundle"><span class="attribute" id="mention.bundle">bundle</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bIdentifier">bIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-</tbody></table>
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="anexample" id="example_31"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_31">Example 31</a></div>
-<pre class="codeexample">  mention(ex:report1_as_in_b1, ex:report1, ex:b1)   
-</pre>
-<p>  Here
-  <span class="name">ex:report1_as_in_b1</span> is an entity identifier,
-  <span class="name">ex:report1</span> is an entity identifier,
-  <span class="name">ex:b1</span> is the identifier for a bundle
-</p></div>
-
-
-
-</div>
+ 
+<span class="delete">3.5.3 </span><span class="delete">Mention</span>
+
+
+<span class="delete">Note: This feature is "</span><span class="delete">at risk</span><span class="delete">" and may be removed from this specification based on feedback. Please send feedback to public-prov-comments@w3.org.</span>
+
+
+<span class="delete">The expression Mention might be removed from PROV if implementation experience reveals problems with supporting this construct.</span>
+
+
+
+
+
+  <span class="delete">[</span><span class="delete">26</span><span class="delete">]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span class="delete">mentionExpression</span> <span class="delete">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span class="delete">"mentionOf" "(" </span><span class="delete">eIdentifier</span><span class="delete"> "," </span><span class="delete">eIdentifier</span><span class="delete"> "," </span><span class="delete">bIdentifier</span><span class="delete"> ")"</span>  
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Mention maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</span>
+
+
+<span class="delete">Mention</span><span class="delete">Non-Terminal</span>
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">specificEntity</span><span class="delete">eIdentifier</span>
+
+
+<span class="delete">generalEntity</span><span class="delete">eIdentifier</span>
+
+<span class="delete">bundle</span><span class="delete">bIdentifier</span>
+
+
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">Example 31</span>
+<span class="delete">  mention(ex:report1_as_in_b1, ex:report1, ex:b1)   
+</span>
+<span class="delete">  Here
+  </span><span class="delete">ex:report1_as_in_b1</span><span class="delete"> is an entity identifier,
+  </span><span class="delete">ex:report1</span><span class="delete"> is an entity identifier,
+  </span><span class="delete">ex:b1</span><span class="delete"> is the identifier for a bundle
+</span>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
 
 
 
@@ -2449,6 +3079,15 @@
 <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-entityExpression">entityExpression</a></code> with attribute 
 <span id="provn-type-Collection"><code>prov:type='prov:Collection'</code></span>, or
 <span id="provn-type-EmptyCollection"><code>prov:type='prov:EmptyCollection'</code></span>, respectively.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_33"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_33"><span class="insert">Example 33</span></a></div>
+<p><span class="insert">The  following two expressions are about a collection and an empty collection, respectively.
+</span></p><pre class="codeexample"><span class="insert">  entity(ex:col1,   [ prov:type='prov:Collection' ])
+  entity(ex:col2,   [ prov:type='prov:EmptyCollection' ])
+</span></pre>
+</div>
 </div>
 
 
@@ -2458,20 +3097,20 @@
 
 
 <table class="grammar">
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-membershipExpression" name="prod-membershipExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">27</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">membershipExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"hadMember" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-cIdentifier">cIdentifier</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-membershipExpression" name="prod-membershipExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">27</span><span class="insert">26</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">membershipExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"hadMember" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-cIdentifier">cIdentifier</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
 </table>
 
 
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Membership maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-hadmember">Membership</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-hadmember">Membership</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
 
 
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#membership.collection"><span class="attribute" id="membership.collection">collection</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-cIdentifier">cIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#membership.entity"><span class="attribute" id="membership.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#membership.collection"><span class="attribute" id="membership.collection">collection</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-cIdentifier">cIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#membership.entity"><span class="attribute" id="membership.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
 
 
 
@@ -2481,7 +3120,7 @@
 
 
 
-<div class="anexample" id="example_32"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_32">Example 32</a></div>
+<div class="anexample" id="example_34"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_34">Example <span class="delete">32</span><span class="insert">34</span></a></div>
     <pre class="codeexample">   hadMember(c, e1)   // c contained e1
    hadMember(c, e2)   // c contained e2 
   </pre>
@@ -2519,20 +3158,24 @@
 <p>Various kinds of identifiers are used in productions.</p>
 
 <table class="grammar">
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-eIdentifier" name="prod-eIdentifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo">28</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">eIdentifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-aIdentifier" name="prod-aIdentifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo">29</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">aIdentifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-agIdentifier" name="prod-agIdentifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo">30</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">agIdentifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-gIdentifier" name="prod-gIdentifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo">31</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">gIdentifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-uIdentifier" name="prod-uIdentifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo">32</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">uIdentifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-cIdentifier" name="prod-cIdentifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo">33</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">cIdentifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-bIdentifier" name="prod-bIdentifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo">34</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">bIdentifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-eIdentifierOrMarker" name="prod-eIdentifierOrMarker"></a>[<span class="prodNo">35</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">eIdentifierOrMarker</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> | "-" )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-aIdentifierOrMarker" name="prod-aIdentifierOrMarker"></a>[<span class="prodNo">36</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">aIdentifierOrMarker</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></span> | "-" )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-agIdentifierOrMarker" name="prod-agIdentifierOrMarker"></a>[<span class="prodNo">37</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">agIdentifierOrMarker</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier">agIdentifier</a></span> | "-" )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-gIdentifierOrMarker" name="prod-gIdentifierOrMarker"></a>[<span class="prodNo">38</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">gIdentifierOrMarker</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-gIdentifier">gIdentifier</a></span> | "-" )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-uIdentifierOrMarker" name="prod-uIdentifierOrMarker"></a>[<span class="prodNo">39</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">uIdentifierOrMarker</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-uIdentifier">uIdentifier</a></span> | "-" )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-identifier" name="prod-identifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo">40</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">identifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-eIdentifier" name="prod-eIdentifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">28</span><span class="insert">27</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">eIdentifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-aIdentifier" name="prod-aIdentifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">29</span><span class="insert">28</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">aIdentifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-agIdentifier" name="prod-agIdentifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">30</span><span class="insert">29</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">agIdentifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-gIdentifier" name="prod-gIdentifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">31</span><span class="insert">30</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">gIdentifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-uIdentifier" name="prod-uIdentifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">32</span><span class="insert">31</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">uIdentifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-cIdentifier" name="prod-cIdentifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">33</span><span class="insert">32</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">cIdentifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-eIdentifierOrMarker" name="prod-eIdentifierOrMarker"></a><span class="insert">[</span><span class="prodNo"><span class="insert">33</span></span><span class="insert">]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></td> <td><code class="production prod"><span class="insert">eIdentifierOrMarker</span></code></td> <td><span class="insert">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></td> <td><code class="content"><span class="insert">( </span><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier"><span class="insert">eIdentifier</span></a></span><span class="insert"> | "-" )</span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-aIdentifierOrMarker" name="prod-aIdentifierOrMarker"></a>[<span class="prodNo">34</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod"><span class="delete">bIdentifier</span><span class="insert">aIdentifierOrMarker</span></code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="insert">( </span><span class="prod"><span class="delete">identifier</span><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier"><span class="insert">aIdentifier</span></a></span><span class="insert"> | "-" )</span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-agIdentifierOrMarker" name="prod-agIdentifierOrMarker"></a>[<span class="prodNo">35</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod"><span class="delete">eIdentifierOrMarker</span><span class="insert">agIdentifierOrMarker</span></code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><span class="delete">eIdentifier</span><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier"><span class="insert">agIdentifier</span></a></span> | "-" )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-gIdentifierOrMarker" name="prod-gIdentifierOrMarker"></a>[<span class="prodNo">36</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod"><span class="delete">aIdentifierOrMarker</span><span class="insert">gIdentifierOrMarker</span></code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><span class="delete">aIdentifier</span><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-gIdentifier"><span class="insert">gIdentifier</span></a></span> | "-" )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-uIdentifierOrMarker" name="prod-uIdentifierOrMarker"></a>[<span class="prodNo">37</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod"><span class="delete">agIdentifierOrMarker</span><span class="insert">uIdentifierOrMarker</span></code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><span class="delete">agIdentifier</span><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-uIdentifier"><span class="insert">uIdentifier</span></a></span> | "-" )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-identifier" name="prod-identifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo">38<span class="delete">]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span class="delete">gIdentifierOrMarker</span> <span class="delete">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span class="delete">( </span><span class="delete">gIdentifier</span><span class="delete"> | "-" )</span>  
+  <span class="delete">[</span><span class="delete">39</span><span class="delete">]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span class="delete">uIdentifierOrMarker</span> <span class="delete">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span class="delete">( </span><span class="delete">uIdentifier</span><span class="delete"> | "-" )</span>  
+  <span class="delete">[</span><span class="delete">40</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">identifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
 </table>
 
 
@@ -2570,6 +3213,7 @@
 ':' (colon),
 ';' (semi-colon),   
 '"' (double quote),
+  
 '[' (left square bracket),
 ']' (right square bracket) are used by the PROV notation as delimiters, they are not allowed in local parts. 
 Instead, among those characters, those that are permitted in SPARQL
@@ -2581,18 +3225,18 @@
 
  
 <table class="grammar">
-<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-QUALIFIED_NAME" name="prod-QUALIFIED_NAME"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">61</span><span class="insert">54</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">QUALIFIED_NAME</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX">PN_PREFIX</a></span> ":" )? <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_LOCAL">PN_LOCAL</a></span><br> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX">PN_PREFIX</a></span> ":"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-PN_LOCAL" name="prod-PN_LOCAL"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">62</span><span class="insert">55</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">PN_LOCAL</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_CHARS_U">PN_CHARS_U</a></span> | [0-9] | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_CHARS_OTHERS">PN_CHARS_OTHERS</a></span> ) ( ( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_CHARS">PN_CHARS</a></span> | "." | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_CHARS_OTHERS">PN_CHARS_OTHERS</a></span> )* ( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_CHARS">PN_CHARS</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_CHARS_OTHERS">PN_CHARS_OTHERS</a></span> ) )?</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-PN_CHARS_OTHERS" name="prod-PN_CHARS_OTHERS"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">63</span><span class="insert">56</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">PN_CHARS_OTHERS</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"/"<br> | "@"<br> | "~"<br> | "&amp;"<br> | "+"<br> | "*"<br> | "?"<br> | "#"<br> | "$"<br> | "!"<br> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PERCENT">PERCENT</a></span><br> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_CHARS_ESC">PN_CHARS_ESC</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-PN_CHARS_ESC" name="prod-PN_CHARS_ESC"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">64</span><span class="insert">57</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">PN_CHARS_ESC</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"\" ( "=" | "'" | "(" | ")" | "," | "-" | ":" | ";" | "[" | "]" | "." )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-PERCENT" name="prod-PERCENT"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">65</span><span class="insert">58</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">PERCENT</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"%" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-HEX">HEX</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-HEX">HEX</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-HEX" name="prod-HEX"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">66</span><span class="insert">59</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">HEX</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">[0-9]<br> | [A-F]<br> | [a-f]</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-QUALIFIED_NAME" name="prod-QUALIFIED_NAME"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">61</span><span class="insert">52</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">QUALIFIED_NAME</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX">PN_PREFIX</a></span> ":" )? <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_LOCAL">PN_LOCAL</a></span><br> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX">PN_PREFIX</a></span> ":"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-PN_LOCAL" name="prod-PN_LOCAL"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">62</span><span class="insert">53</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">PN_LOCAL</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_CHARS_U">PN_CHARS_U</a></span> | [0-9] | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_CHARS_OTHERS">PN_CHARS_OTHERS</a></span> ) ( ( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_CHARS">PN_CHARS</a></span> | "." | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_CHARS_OTHERS">PN_CHARS_OTHERS</a></span> )* ( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_CHARS">PN_CHARS</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_CHARS_OTHERS">PN_CHARS_OTHERS</a></span> ) )?</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-PN_CHARS_OTHERS" name="prod-PN_CHARS_OTHERS"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">63</span><span class="insert">54</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">PN_CHARS_OTHERS</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"/"<br> | "@"<br> | "~"<br> | "&amp;"<br> | "+"<br> | "*"<br> | "?"<br> | "#"<br> | "$"<br> | "!"<br> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PERCENT">PERCENT</a></span><br> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_CHARS_ESC">PN_CHARS_ESC</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-PN_CHARS_ESC" name="prod-PN_CHARS_ESC"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">64</span><span class="insert">55</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">PN_CHARS_ESC</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"\" ( "=" | "'" | "(" | ")" | "," | "-" | ":" | ";" | "[" | "]" | "." )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-PERCENT" name="prod-PERCENT"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">65</span><span class="insert">56</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">PERCENT</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"%" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-HEX">HEX</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-HEX">HEX</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-HEX" name="prod-HEX"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">66</span><span class="insert">57</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">HEX</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">[0-9]<br> | [A-F]<br> | [a-f]</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
 
 </table>
 
 
 
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-qualified-name"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-qualified-name">Example 33</a></div>
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-qualified-name"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-qualified-name">Example <span class="delete">33</span><span class="insert">35</span></a></div>
 <p>Examples of articles on the BBC Web site seen as  entities.</p>
 <pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">bundle</span><span class="insert">document</span>
   prefix bbc &lt;http://www.bbc.co.uk/&gt;
@@ -2609,7 +3253,7 @@
 </div>
 
 
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-qualified-name2"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-qualified-name2">Example 34</a></div>
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-qualified-name2"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-qualified-name2">Example <span class="delete">34</span><span class="insert">36</span></a></div>
 <p>Examples of entities with declared and default namespace.</p>
 <pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">bundle</span><span class="insert">document</span>
   default &lt;http://example.org/2/&gt;
@@ -2628,7 +3272,7 @@
 </div>
 
 
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-qualified-name3"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-qualified-name3">Example 35</a></div>
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-qualified-name3"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-qualified-name3">Example <span class="delete">35</span><span class="insert">37</span></a></div>
 <p>Examples of \-escaped characters.</p>
 <pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">bundle</span><span class="insert">document</span>
   prefix ex &lt;http://example.org/&gt;
@@ -2661,20 +3305,20 @@
 
 
 <table class="grammar">
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-attribute" name="prod-attribute"></a>[<span class="prodNo">41</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">attribute</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-attribute" name="prod-attribute"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">41</span><span class="insert">39</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">attribute</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
 </table>
 
 
 <p>The  reserved attributes in the PROV namespace are the following.
-Their meaning is explained by [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] (see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#term-attribute">Section 5.7.2: Attribute</a>).
+Their meaning is explained by [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] (see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute">Section 5.7.2: Attribute</a>).
 </p>
 
 <ol>
-<li>  <span class="name">prov:label</span>
-</li><li>  <span class="name">prov:location</span>
-</li><li>  <span class="name">prov:role</span>
-</li><li>  <span class="name">prov:type</span>
-</li><li>  <span class="name">prov:value</span>
+<li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute-label"><span class="name">prov:label</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute-location"><span class="name">prov:location</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute-role"><span class="name">prov:role</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute-type"><span class="name">prov:type</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute-value"><span class="name">prov:value</span></a>
 </li></ol>
 
 
@@ -2690,18 +3334,18 @@
 
 
 <table class="grammar">
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-literal" name="prod-literal"></a>[<span class="prodNo">42</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">literal</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-typedLiteral">typedLiteral</a></span><br> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-convenienceNotation">convenienceNotation</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-typedLiteral" name="prod-typedLiteral"></a>[<span class="prodNo">43</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">typedLiteral</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-STRING_LITERAL">STRING_LITERAL</a></span> "%%" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-datatype">datatype</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-datatype" name="prod-datatype"></a>[<span class="prodNo">44</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">datatype</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-convenienceNotation" name="prod-convenienceNotation"></a>[<span class="prodNo">45</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">convenienceNotation</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-STRING_LITERAL">STRING_LITERAL</a></span> (<span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rLANGTAG">LANGTAG</a></span>)?<br> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-INT_LITERAL">INT_LITERAL</a></span><br> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL">QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-STRING_LITERAL" name="prod-STRING_LITERAL"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">67</span><span class="insert">60</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">STRING_LITERAL</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rSTRING_LITERAL2">STRING_LITERAL2</a></span><br> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rSTRING_LITERAL_LONG2">STRING_LITERAL_LONG2</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-INT_LITERAL" name="prod-INT_LITERAL"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">69</span><span class="insert">62</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">INT_LITERAL</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">("-")? (<span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-DIGIT">DIGIT</a></span>)+</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-DIGIT" name="prod-DIGIT"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">71</span><span class="insert">64</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">DIGIT</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">[0-9]</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL" name="prod-QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">70</span><span class="insert">63</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"'" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></span> "'"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-literal" name="prod-literal"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">42</span><span class="insert">40</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">literal</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-typedLiteral">typedLiteral</a></span><br> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-convenienceNotation">convenienceNotation</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-typedLiteral" name="prod-typedLiteral"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">43</span><span class="insert">41</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">typedLiteral</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-STRING_LITERAL">STRING_LITERAL</a></span> "%%" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-datatype">datatype</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-datatype" name="prod-datatype"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">44</span><span class="insert">42</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">datatype</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-convenienceNotation" name="prod-convenienceNotation"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">45</span><span class="insert">43</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">convenienceNotation</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-STRING_LITERAL">STRING_LITERAL</a></span> (<span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rLANGTAG">LANGTAG</a></span>)?<br> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-INT_LITERAL">INT_LITERAL</a></span><br> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL">QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-STRING_LITERAL" name="prod-STRING_LITERAL"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">67</span><span class="insert">58</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">STRING_LITERAL</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rSTRING_LITERAL2">STRING_LITERAL2</a></span><br> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rSTRING_LITERAL_LONG2">STRING_LITERAL_LONG2</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-INT_LITERAL" name="prod-INT_LITERAL"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">69</span><span class="insert">60</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">INT_LITERAL</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">("-")? (<span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-DIGIT">DIGIT</a></span>)+</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-DIGIT" name="prod-DIGIT"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">71</span><span class="insert">62</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">DIGIT</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">[0-9]</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL" name="prod-QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">70</span><span class="insert">61</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"'" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></span> "'"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
 </table>
 
-<p>In production <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-datatype">datatype</a></code>, the <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code> is used to denote a <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#term-value">PROV data type</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>].
+<p>In production <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-datatype">datatype</a></code>, the <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code> is used to denote a <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-value">PROV data type</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>].
 
 
 </p><p>The non terminals
@@ -2725,7 +3369,7 @@
 <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-INT_LITERAL">INT_LITERAL</a></code>. 
 </p>
 
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-convenience"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-convenience">Example 36</a></div>
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-convenience"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-convenience">Example <span class="delete">36</span><span class="insert">38</span></a></div>
 <p>
 The following examples illustrate convenience notations.</p>
 
@@ -2748,14 +3392,19 @@
 </pre>
 </div>
 
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-value"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-value">Example 37</a></div>
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-value"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-value">Example <span class="delete">37</span><span class="insert">39</span></a></div>
 <p>
 The following examples respectively are the string "abc", the string (in French) "bonjour", the integer number 1, and the IRI "http://example.org/foo".
-</p><pre class="codeexample">  "abc"
+</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">  "abc"
   "bonjour"@fr
   "1" %% xsd:integer
   "http://example.org/foo" %% xsd:anyURI
 </pre>
+<p><span class="insert">The following examples respectively are the floating point number 1.01 and the boolean true.</span></p>
+<pre class="codeexample"><span class="insert">  "1.01" %% xsd:float
+  "true" %% xsd:boolean
+</span></pre>
 </div>
 
 
@@ -2764,23 +3413,23 @@
 <h5><span class="secno">3.7.3.1 </span>Reserved Type Values</h5>
 
 <p>The  reserved type values in the PROV namespace are the following.
-Their meaning is defined [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] (see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#term-attribute-type">Section 5.7.2.4: prov:type</a>).
+Their meaning is defined [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] (see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute-type">Section 5.7.2.4: prov:type</a>).
 </p>
 
 <ol>
-<li>  <span class="name">prov:Bundle</span>
-</li><li>  <span class="name">prov:Collection</span>
-</li><li>  <span class="name">prov:EmptyCollection</span>
-</li><li>  <span class="name">prov:Organization</span>
-</li><li>  <span class="name">prov:Person</span>
-</li><li>  <span class="name">prov:Plan</span>
-</li><li>  <span class="name">prov:PrimarySource</span>
-</li><li>  <span class="name">prov:Quotation</span>
-</li><li>  <span class="name">prov:Revision</span>
-</li><li>  <span class="name">prov:SoftwareAgent</span>
+<li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-bundle-entity"><span class="name">prov:Bundle</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#concept-collection"><span class="name">prov:Collection</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#concept-empty-collection"><span class="name">prov:EmptyCollection</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#concept-organization"><span class="name">prov:Organization</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#concept-person"><span class="name">prov:Person</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#concept-plan"><span class="name">prov:Plan</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-primary-source"><span class="name">prov:PrimarySource</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-quotation"><span class="name">prov:Quotation</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-revision"><span class="name">prov:Revision</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#concept-software-agent"><span class="name">prov:SoftwareAgent</span></a>
 </li></ol>
 
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-types"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-types">Example 38</a></div>
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-types"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-types">Example <span class="delete">38</span><span class="insert">40</span></a></div>
 <p>The agent <span class="name">ag</span> is a person (type: <span class="name">prov:Person</span>), whereas the entity 
 <span class="name">pl</span> is a plan (type: <span class="name">prov:Plan</span>).</p>
 <pre class="codeexample">agent(ag,  [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
@@ -2797,11 +3446,11 @@
 <p><dfn id="dfn-time">Time instants</dfn> are defined according to xsd:dateTime [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">XMLSCHEMA11-2</a></cite>].</p> 
 
 <table class="grammar">
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-time" name="prod-time"></a>[<span class="prodNo">46</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">time</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-2/#nt-dateTimeRep">DATETIME</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-time" name="prod-time"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">46</span><span class="insert">44</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">time</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-2/#nt-dateTimeRep">DATETIME</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
 </table>
 
 
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-time"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-time">Example 39</a></div>
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-time"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-time">Example <span class="delete">39</span><span class="insert">41</span></a></div>
 
 <p>The third argument in the following usage expression is a time instance, namely 4pm on 2011-11-16.</p>
 <pre class="codeexample">used(ex:act2, ar3:0111, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
@@ -2826,10 +3475,10 @@
 
 <table class="grammar">
 
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-namespaceDeclarations" name="prod-namespaceDeclarations"></a>[<span class="prodNo">47</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">namespaceDeclarations</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-defaultNamespaceDeclaration">defaultNamespaceDeclaration</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclaration">namespaceDeclaration</a></span> ) (<span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclaration">namespaceDeclaration</a></span>)*</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-namespaceDeclaration" name="prod-namespaceDeclaration"></a>[<span class="prodNo">48</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">namespaceDeclaration</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"prefix" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX">PN_PREFIX</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespace">namespace</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-defaultNamespaceDeclaration" name="prod-defaultNamespaceDeclaration"></a>[<span class="prodNo">49</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">defaultNamespaceDeclaration</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"default" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rIRI_REF">IRI_REF</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-namespace" name="prod-namespace"></a>[<span class="prodNo">50</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">namespace</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rIRI_REF">IRI_REF</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-namespaceDeclarations" name="prod-namespaceDeclarations"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">47</span><span class="insert">45</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">namespaceDeclarations</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-defaultNamespaceDeclaration">defaultNamespaceDeclaration</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclaration">namespaceDeclaration</a></span> ) (<span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclaration">namespaceDeclaration</a></span>)*</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-namespaceDeclaration" name="prod-namespaceDeclaration"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">48</span><span class="insert">46</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">namespaceDeclaration</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"prefix" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX">PN_PREFIX</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespace">namespace</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-defaultNamespaceDeclaration" name="prod-defaultNamespaceDeclaration"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">49</span><span class="insert">47</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">defaultNamespaceDeclaration</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"default" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rIRI_REF">IRI_REF</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-namespace" name="prod-namespace"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">50</span><span class="insert">48</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">namespace</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rIRI_REF">IRI_REF</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
 
 </table>
 
@@ -2841,7 +3490,7 @@
 <span class="delete">
 the scope of a namespace</span><span class="insert">prefix-namespace</span> declaration directly occurring in a <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle"><span class="delete">toplevel </span>bundle</a></code> is the <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle"><span class="delete">toplevel </span>bundle</a></code> <span class="delete">itself, except and</span><span class="insert">itself.</span></li>
 <li><span class="insert">
-The scope of a prefix-namespace declaration directly occurring in a</span> <code><span class="delete">namedBundle</span><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-document"><span class="insert">document</span></a></code><span class="insert"> is the </span><code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-document"><span class="insert">document</span></a></code><span class="insert"> including the </span><code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle"><span class="insert">bundles</span></a></code> it <span class="delete">may contain.</span><span class="insert">contains but excluding those </span><code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle"><span class="insert">bundles</span></a></code><span class="insert"> that redeclare this prefix-namespace pair.</span></li>
+The scope of a prefix-namespace declaration directly occurring in a</span> <code><span class="delete">namedBundle</span><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-document"><span class="insert">document</span></a></code><span class="insert"> is the </span><code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-document"><span class="insert">document</span></a></code><span class="insert"> including the </span><code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle"><span class="insert">bundles</span></a></code> it <span class="delete">may contain.</span><span class="insert">contains but excluding those </span><code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle"><span class="insert">bundles</span></a></code><span class="insert"> that redeclare this prefix.</span></li>
 </ul>
 
 <p>A set of namespace declarations <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclarations">namespaceDeclarations</a></code> <em class="rfc2119" title="must not">must not</em> re-declare the same prefix.</p>
@@ -2852,7 +3501,7 @@
 
 
 
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-namespace"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-namespace">Example 40</a></div>
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-namespace"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-namespace">Example <span class="delete">40</span><span class="insert">42</span></a></div>
 <p>The following example declares three namespaces, one default, and two with explicit prefixes <span class="name">ex1</span> and <span class="name">ex2</span>.</p>
 <pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">bundle</span><span class="insert">document</span>
   default &lt;http://example.org/0/&gt;
@@ -2864,14 +3513,14 @@
 </div>
 
 
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-namespace-scope"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-namespace-scope">Example 41</a></div>
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-namespace-scope"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-namespace-scope">Example <span class="delete">41</span><span class="insert">43</span></a></div>
 <p>In the following example, a <span class="delete">toplevel bundle</span><span class="insert">document</span> declares a default namespace and the occurrence of
 <code>e001</code> directly occurring in the <span class="delete">toplevel</span><span class="insert">document refers to that namespace.
 A nested</span> bundle <span class="delete">refers to</span><span class="insert">also declares a default namespace, but with a different IRI.
 In</span> that<span class="delete"> namespace.
 A nested named bundle also declares a default namespace, but with a different IRI.
 In that named </span>  bundle, the occurrences of
-<code>e001</code>, including for the bundle name, refer to the latest default namespace.</p>
+<code>e001</code>, including <span class="delete">for </span>the bundle name, refer to the latest default namespace.</p>
 <pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">bundle</span><span class="insert">document</span>
   default &lt;http://example.org/1/&gt;
   entity(e001)                             // IRI: http://example.org/1/e001
@@ -2885,7 +3534,7 @@
 </div>
 
 
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-namespace-scope2"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-namespace-scope2"><span class="insert">Example 42</span></a></div>
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-namespace-scope2"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-namespace-scope2"><span class="insert">Example 44</span></a></div>
 <p><span class="insert">In the following example, a document declares a namespace with prefix </span><code><span class="insert">ex</span></code><span class="insert"> and the occurrence of
 </span><code><span class="insert">ex:e001</span></code><span class="insert"> directly occurring in the document refers to that namespace.
 In a nested bundle, the occurrence of
@@ -2926,34 +3575,34 @@
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
 <tr><td><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-generationExpression">Generation expression</a></td>
     <td><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2, -, -)</span><br><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(-; e2, -, -)</span></td>
-    <td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#generation.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#generation.activity"><span class="attribute">activity</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#generation.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#generation.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present.</td>  
+    <td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.activity"><span class="attribute">activity</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present.</td>  
 </tr>
 <tr><td><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-usageExpression">Usage expression</a></td>
 <td><span class="name">used(a2, -, -)</span><br><span class="name">used(-; a2, -, -)</span></td>
-<td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#usage.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#usage.entity"><span class="attribute">entity</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#usage.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#usage.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present</td>
+<td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.entity"><span class="attribute">entity</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-startExpression">Start expression</a></td>
 <td> <span class="name">wasStartedBy(e2, -, -, -)</span><br><span class="name">wasStartedBy(-; e2, -, -, -)</span></td>
-<td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#start.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#start.trigger"><span class="attribute">trigger</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#start.starter"><span class="attribute">starter</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#start.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#start.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present</td>
+<td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.trigger"><span class="attribute">trigger</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.starter"><span class="attribute">starter</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present</td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr>
 <td><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-endExpression">End expression</a></td>
 <td><span class="name">wasEndedBy(e2, -, -, -)</span><br><span class="name">wasEndedBy(-; e2, -, -, -)</span></td>
-<td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#end.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#end.trigger"><span class="attribute">trigger</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#end.ender"><span class="attribute">ender</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#end.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#end.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present</td>
+<td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.trigger"><span class="attribute">trigger</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.ender"><span class="attribute">ender</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present</td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr>
 <td><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-invalidationExpression">Invalidation expression</a></td>
 <td><span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(e2, -, -)</span>  <br><span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(-; e2, -, -)</span></td>
-<td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#invalidation.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#invalidation.activity"><span class="attribute">activity</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#invalidation.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#invalidation.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present</td>
+<td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.activity"><span class="attribute">activity</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present</td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr>
 <td><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-associationExpression">Association expression</a></td>
 <td><span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a, -, -)</span> <br><span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(-; a, -, -)</span></td>
-<td>At least one of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#association.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#association.agent"><span class="attribute">agent</span></a>,  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#association.plan"><span class="attribute">plan</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#association.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a>  <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present</td>
+<td>At least one of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.agent"><span class="attribute">agent</span></a>,  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.plan"><span class="attribute">plan</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a>  <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present</td>
 </tr>
 
 </tbody></table>
@@ -2989,25 +3638,25 @@
 
 <p>A <span class="delete">toplevel bundle</span><span class="insert">document</span> contains:
 </p><ul>
-<li><em>namespaceDeclarations</em>: a set of namespace declarations <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclarations">namespaceDeclarations</a></code>, declaring namespaces and associated prefixes, which can be used in <a title="attribute">attributes</a> and  <a title="identifier">identifiers</a> occurring inside  <span class="name">exprs</span>;</li>
-<li><em>expressions</em>:  a set of expressions matching <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></code>;</li>
-<li><em><span class="delete">namedBundles</span><span class="insert">bundles</span></em>:  a  set of
+<li><em>namespaceDeclarations</em>: a set of namespace declarations <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclarations">namespaceDeclarations</a></code>, declaring namespaces and associated prefixes, which can be used in <a title="attribute">attributes</a> and  <a title="identifier">identifiers</a> occurring inside  <span class="delete">exprs</span><em><span class="insert">expressions</span></em><span class="insert"> or </span><em><span class="insert">bundles</span></em>;</li>
+<li><em>expressions</em>:  a set of <span class="delete">expressions</span><span class="insert">expressions, each</span> matching <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></code>;</li>
+<li><em><span class="delete">namedBundles</span><span class="insert">bundles</span></em>:  a  set of<span class="insert"> expressions, each matching</span>
 <code><span class="delete">namedBundle</span><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle"><span class="insert">bundle</span></a></code>.</li>
 </ul>
 
 
-<p>Thus, <span class="delete">named </span>bundles <span class="delete">can occur inside a toplevel bundle. 
-Named bundles are self-contained: each identifier occuring in a named bundle, including the named bundle's identifier itself, </span><span class="delete">must</span><span class="delete"> be interpreted with respect to the namespace declarations of that named bundle. In other words, named bundles </span><span class="delete">should</span><span class="delete"> not inherit namespaces declarations from the toplevel bundle.
-</span>
-
-
-
-<span class="delete">Example 42</span>
-<span class="delete">
-The following bundle contains expressions related to the provenance of entity 
-</span><span class="delete">e2</span><span class="delete">.
-</span>
-<span class="delete">bundle
+<p>Thus, <span class="delete">named </span>bundles <span class="delete">can</span><em class="rfc2119" title="may"><span class="insert">may</span></em> occur inside a <span class="delete">toplevel bundle. 
+Named bundles are self-contained: each identifier occuring in a named bundle, including the named bundle's identifier itself, </span><span class="delete">must</span><span class="delete"> be interpreted with respect to the namespace declarations of that named bundle. In</span><span class="insert">document, but do not appear inside</span> other <span class="delete">words, named bundles </span><span class="delete">should</span><span class="delete"> not inherit namespaces declarations from the toplevel bundle.</span><span class="insert">bundles.</span>
+</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_45"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_45">Example <span class="delete">42</span><span class="insert">45</span></a></div>
+<p>
+The following <span class="delete">bundle</span><span class="insert">document</span> contains expressions related to the provenance of entity 
+<span class="name">e2</span>.
+</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">bundle</span><span class="insert">document</span>
   default &lt;http://anotherexample.org/&gt;
   prefix ex &lt;http://example.org/&gt;
 
@@ -3018,64 +3667,10 @@
   wasAssociatedWith(a1, ag2, -, [prov:role="author"])
   agent(ag2, [ prov:type='prov:Person', ex:name="Bob" ])
 
-endBundle
-</span>
-<span class="delete">This container could for instance be returned as the result of a query to a provenance store for the provenance of entity </span><span class="delete">e2</span><span class="delete"> [</span><span class="delete">PROV-AQ</span><span class="delete">].  
-</span>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<span class="delete">5. </span><span class="delete">Extensibility</span>
-
-<span class="delete">The PROV data model is extensible by means of attributes </span><span class="delete">prov:type</span><span class="delete"> and </span><span class="delete">prov:role</span><span class="delete"> allowing subtyping of expressions.  For some applications, novel  syntax may also be convenient. Hence, the normative requirements are as follow.
-</span>
-<span class="delete"> PROV-N compliant parsers </span><span class="delete">must</span><span class="delete"> be able to parse expressions matching the </span><span class="delete">extensibilityExpression</span><span class="delete"> production defined below.
-</span><span class="delete"> As PROV provides no definition for these expressions, PROV compliant implementations 
- </span><em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em> <span class="delete">ignore these expressions.</span>
-<span class="delete"> Extensions to PROV and PROV-N </span><span class="delete">may</span><span class="delete"> specify more specific productions and interpretations for these expressions, which applications </span><span class="delete">may</span><span class="delete"> adopt to follow. </span>
-
-
-
-
-
-  <span class="delete">[</span><span class="delete">51</span><span class="delete">]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span class="delete">extensibilityExpression</span> <span class="delete">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span class="delete">QUALIFIED_NAME</span><span class="delete"> "(" </span><span class="delete">optionalIdentifier</span> <span class="delete">extensibilityArgument</span><span class="delete"> ( "," </span><span class="delete">extensibilityArgument</span><span class="delete"> )* </span><span class="delete">optionalAttributeValuePairs</span><span class="delete"> ")"</span>  
-  <span class="delete">[</span><span class="delete">52</span><span class="delete">]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span class="delete">extensibilityArgument</span> <span class="delete">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span class="delete">( </span><span class="delete">identifierOrMarker</span><span class="delete"> | </span><span class="delete">literal</span><span class="delete"> | </span><span class="delete">time</span><span class="delete"> | </span><span class="delete">extensibilityExpression</span><span class="delete"> | </span><span class="delete">extensibilityTuple</span><span class="delete"> )</span>  
-  <span class="delete">[</span><span class="delete">53</span><span class="delete">]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span class="delete">extensibilityTuple</span> <span class="delete">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span class="delete">"{" </span><span class="delete">extensibilityArgument</span><span class="delete"> ( "," </span><span class="delete">extensibilityArgument</span><span class="delete"> )* "}"</span><span class="delete"> | "(" </span><span class="delete">extensibilityArgument</span><span class="delete"> ( "," </span><span class="delete">extensibilityArgument</span><span class="delete"> )* ")"</span>  
-
-
-
-<span class="delete">Expressions compatible with the
-</span><span class="delete">extensibilityExpression</span><span class="delete"> production follow</span><span class="insert">occur inside</span> a <span class="delete">general form of functional syntax, in which the predicate </span><span class="delete">must</span><span class="delete"> be a
-</span><span class="delete">qualifiedName</span><span class="delete">
-with a non-empty </span><span class="delete">prefix</span><span class="delete">.</span><span class="insert">document, but do not appear inside other bundles.
-</span></p>
-
-
-
-<div class="anexample" id="example_43"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_43">Example 43</a></div>
-<p>
-<span class="insert">The following document contains expressions related to the provenance of entity 
-</span><span class="name"><span class="insert">e2</span></span><span class="insert">.
-</span></p>
-<pre class="codeexample"><span class="insert">document
-  default &lt;http://anotherexample.org/&gt;
-  prefix ex &lt;http://example.org/&gt;
-
-  entity(e2, [ prov:type="File", ex:path="/shared/crime.txt", ex:creator="Alice", 
-               ex:content="There was a lot of crime in London last month."])
-  activity(a1, 2011-11-16T16:05:00, -, [prov:type="edit"])
-  wasGeneratedBy(e2, a1, -, [ex:fct="save"])     
-  wasAssociatedWith(a1, ag2, -, [prov:role="author"])
-  agent(ag2, [ prov:type='prov:Person', ex:name="Bob" ])
-
-endDocument
-</span></pre>
-<p><span class="insert">This container could for instance be returned as the result of a query to a provenance store for the provenance of entity </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">e2</span></span><span class="insert"> [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-AQ"><span class="insert">PROV-AQ</span></a></cite><span class="insert">].  
-</span></p>
+<span class="delete">endBundle</span><span class="insert">endDocument</span>
+</pre>
+<p>This container could for instance be returned as the result of a query to a provenance store for the provenance of entity <span class="name">e2</span> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>].  
+</p>
 </div>
 
 
@@ -3083,42 +3678,46 @@
 </div>
 
 <div id="extensibility" class="section">
-<h2><span class="secno"><span class="insert">5. </span></span><span class="insert">Extensibility</span></h2>
-
-<p><span class="insert">The PROV data model is extensible by means of attributes </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">prov:type</span></span><span class="insert"> and </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">prov:role</span></span><span class="insert"> allowing subtyping of expressions.  For some applications, novel  syntax may also be convenient. Hence, the normative requirements are as follow.</span></p>
+<h2><span class="secno">5. </span>Extensibility</h2>
+
+<p>The PROV data model is extensible by means of attributes <span class="name">prov:type</span> and <span class="name">prov:role</span> allowing subtyping of expressions.  For some applications, novel  syntax may also be convenient. Hence, the normative requirements are as follow.
+</p>
 <ul>
-<li><span class="insert"> PROV-N compliant parsers </span><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><span class="insert">must</span></em><span class="insert"> be able to parse expressions matching the </span><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityExpression"><span class="insert">extensibilityExpression</span></a></code><span class="insert"> production defined below.
-</span></li><li><span class="insert"> As PROV provides no definition for these expressions, PROV compliant implementations 
- </span><em class="rfc2119" title="may"><span class="insert">may</span></em><span class="insert"> ignore these expressions.</span></li>
-<li><span class="insert"> Extensions to PROV and PROV-N </span><em class="rfc2119" title="may"><span class="insert">may</span></em><span class="insert"> specify more specific productions and interpretations for these expressions, which applications </span><em class="rfc2119" title="may"><span class="insert">may</span></em><span class="insert"> adopt to follow. </span></li>
+<li> PROV-N compliant parsers <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be able to parse expressions matching the <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityExpression">extensibilityExpression</a></code> production defined below.
+</li><li> As PROV provides no definition for these expressions, PROV compliant implementations 
+ <em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em> ignore these expressions.</li>
+<li> Extensions to PROV and PROV-N <em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em> specify more specific productions and interpretations for these expressions, which applications <em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em> <span class="delete">adopt</span><span class="insert">elect</span> to follow. </li>
 </ul>
 
 
+
+
+
 <table class="grammar">
 
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-extensibilityExpression" name="prod-extensibilityExpression"></a><span class="insert">[</span><span class="prodNo"><span class="insert">51</span></span><span class="insert">]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></td> <td><code class="production prod"><span class="insert">extensibilityExpression</span></code></td> <td><span class="insert">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME"><span class="insert">QUALIFIED_NAME</span></a></span><span class="insert"> "(" </span><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier"><span class="insert">optionalIdentifier</span></a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityArgument"><span class="insert">extensibilityArgument</span></a></span><span class="insert"> ( "," </span><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityArgument"><span class="insert">extensibilityArgument</span></a></span><span class="insert"> )* </span><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs"><span class="insert">optionalAttributeValuePairs</span></a></span><span class="insert"> ")"</span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-extensibilityArgument" name="prod-extensibilityArgument"></a><span class="insert">[</span><span class="prodNo"><span class="insert">52</span></span><span class="insert">]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></td> <td><code class="production prod"><span class="insert">extensibilityArgument</span></code></td> <td><span class="insert">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></td> <td><code class="content"><span class="insert">( </span><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifierOrMarker"><span class="insert">identifierOrMarker</span></a></span><span class="insert"> | </span><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-literal"><span class="insert">literal</span></a></span><span class="insert"> | </span><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-time"><span class="insert">time</span></a></span><span class="insert"> | </span><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityExpression"><span class="insert">extensibilityExpression</span></a></span><span class="insert"> | </span><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityTuple"><span class="insert">extensibilityTuple</span></a></span><span class="insert"> )</span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-extensibilityTuple" name="prod-extensibilityTuple"></a><span class="insert">[</span><span class="prodNo"><span class="insert">53</span></span><span class="insert">]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></td> <td><code class="production prod"><span class="insert">extensibilityTuple</span></code></td> <td><span class="insert">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></td> <td><code class="content"><span class="insert">"{" </span><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityArgument"><span class="insert">extensibilityArgument</span></a></span><span class="insert"> ( "," </span><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityArgument"><span class="insert">extensibilityArgument</span></a></span><span class="insert"> )* "}"</span><br><span class="insert"> | "(" </span><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityArgument"><span class="insert">extensibilityArgument</span></a></span><span class="insert"> ( "," </span><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityArgument"><span class="insert">extensibilityArgument</span></a></span><span class="insert"> )* ")"</span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-extensibilityExpression" name="prod-extensibilityExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">51</span><span class="insert">49</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">extensibilityExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></span> "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityArgument">extensibilityArgument</a></span> ( "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityArgument">extensibilityArgument</a></span> )* <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-extensibilityArgument" name="prod-extensibilityArgument"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">52</span><span class="insert">50</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">extensibilityArgument</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifierOrMarker">identifierOrMarker</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-literal">literal</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-time">time</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityExpression">extensibilityExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityTuple">extensibilityTuple</a></span> )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-extensibilityTuple" name="prod-extensibilityTuple"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">53</span><span class="insert">51</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">extensibilityTuple</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"{" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityArgument">extensibilityArgument</a></span> ( "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityArgument">extensibilityArgument</a></span> )* "}"<br> | "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityArgument">extensibilityArgument</a></span> ( "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityArgument">extensibilityArgument</a></span> )* ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
 
 </table>
 
-<p><span class="insert">Expressions compatible with the
-</span><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityExpression"><span class="insert">extensibilityExpression</span></a></code><span class="insert"> production follow a general form of functional syntax, in which the predicate </span><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><span class="insert">must</span></em><span class="insert"> be a
-</span><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME"><span class="insert">qualifiedName</span></a></code><span class="insert">
-with a non-empty </span><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX"><span class="insert">prefix</span></a></code><span class="insert">.</span></p>
-
-
-
-<div class="anexample" id="example_44"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_44"><span class="insert">Example 44</span></a></div>
+<p>Expressions compatible with the
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityExpression">extensibilityExpression</a></code> production follow a general form of functional syntax, in which the predicate <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be a
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">qualifiedName</a></code>
+with a non-empty <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX">prefix</a></code>.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_46"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_46">Example <span class="delete">43</span><span class="insert">46</span></a></div>
 <p>
 <a href="#component6">Collections</a> are sets of entities, whose membership can be expressed using the <span class="name">hadMember</span> relation.  The following example shows how one can express membership for <em><span class="insert">dictionaries</span></em><span class="insert">, </span>an <span class="insert">illustrative </span>extension of <span class="delete">Collections, namely</span><span class="insert">Collections consisting of</span> sets of <span class="delete">key-value pairs.</span><span class="insert">key-entity pairs, where a key is a </span><code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-literal"><span class="insert">literal</span></a></code><span class="insert">.</span> The notation is a variation of that used for Collections membership, allowing multiple member elements to be declared, and in which the elements are pairs. The name of the relation is qualified with the extension-specific namespace <span class="name">http://example.org/dictionaries</span>.
 </p>
-<pre class="codeexample">  prefix dictExt &lt;http://example.org/dictionaries&gt;
+<pre class="codeexample">  prefix dictExt <span class="delete">&lt;http://example.org/dictionaries&gt;</span><span class="insert">&lt;http://example.org/dictionaries#&gt;</span>
   dictExt:hadMembers(mId; d, {("k1",e1), ("k2",e2), ("k3",e3)}, []) 
 </pre>
 
 Note that the generic <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityExpression">extensibilityExpression</a></code> production  above allows for alternative notations to be used for expressing membership, if the designers of the extensions so desire. Here is an alternate syntax that is consistent with the productions:
-<pre class="codeexample">  prefix dictExt &lt;http://example.org/dictionaries&gt;
+<pre class="codeexample">  prefix dictExt <span class="delete">&lt;http://example.org/dictionaries&gt;</span><span class="insert">&lt;http://example.org/dictionaries#&gt;</span>
   dictExt:hadMembers(mid; d, dictExt:set(dictExt:pair("k1",e1), 
                                          dictExt:pair("k2",e2), 
                                          dictExt:pair("k3",e3)), 
@@ -3156,7 +3755,7 @@
     <p>The Internet Media Type / MIME Type for PROV-N is "text/provenance-notation".</p> 
     <p>It is recommended that PROV-N files have the extension ".provn" (all lowercase) on all platforms.</p> 
     <p>It is recommended that PROV-N files stored on Macintosh HFS file systems be given a file type of "TEXT".</p> 
-    <p>This information that follows <span class="delete">is being </span><span class="insert">has been </span><a href="TBD">submitted to the IESG</a> for review, approval, and registration with IANA.</p> 
+    <p><span class="delete">This</span><span class="insert">The</span> information that follows <span class="delete">is being </span><span class="insert">has been </span><a href="TBD">submitted to the IESG</a> for review, approval, and registration with IANA.</p> 
     <dl> 
       <dt>Type name:</dt> 
       <dd>text</dd> 
@@ -3196,7 +3795,7 @@
       <dd>There are no known interoperability issues.</dd> 
       <dt>Published specification:</dt> 
       <dd>PROV-N: The Provenance Notation, Moreau, Missier, (eds), Cheney, Soiland-Reyes
-      <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a></dd> 
+      <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a><span class="insert">, 2012.</span></dd> 
       <dt>Applications which use this media type:</dt> 
       <dd><span class="delete">No widely deployed applications are known</span><span class="insert">It may be used by any application for publishing provenance information. This format is designed</span> to <span class="delete">use this media type. It may </span>be <span class="delete">used by some web services and clients consuming their data.</span><span class="insert">a human-readable form of provenance. </span></dd> 
       <dt>Additional information:</dt> 
@@ -3236,7 +3835,8 @@
 </span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/496"><span class="insert">ISSUE-496</span></a><span class="insert">: For each prov-n term, added a cross-reference to corresponding prov-dm term (see table following each production). Rephrased text related to scope of a namespace declaration. Added an informative file with all productions.
 </span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/573"><span class="insert">ISSUE-573</span></a><span class="insert">: Updated Media Type section. 
 </span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/589"><span class="insert">ISSUE-589</span></a><span class="insert">: Updated scoping rule for prefix-namespace declaration. Also refrained from saying bundles are self-contained. 
-
+</span></li><li><span class="insert"> Moved feature at Risk mention into a separate note.
+</span></li><li><span class="insert"> Editorial's pass pre-publication.
 </span></li></ul>
 </div>
 
@@ -3247,6 +3847,24 @@
 This  document has been produced by the PROV Working Group, and its contents reflect extensive discussion within the Working Group as a whole. 
       </p> 
 
+
+ 
+
+<p><span class="insert">
+The editors acknowledge valuable contributions from the following:
+David Booth,
+Robert Freimuth,
+Satrajit Ghosh,
+Ralph Hodgson,
+Renato Iannella,
+Jacek Kopecky,
+James Leigh,
+Jacco van Ossenbruggen,
+Alan Ruttenberg,
+Reza Samavi, and
+Antoine Zimmermann.
+</span></p>
+
 <p>
 Members of the PROV Working Group at the time of publication of this document were:
 
@@ -3314,7 +3932,10 @@
 
  
 <div id="references" class="appendix section"><h2><span class="secno"><span class="delete">B.</span><span class="insert">C.</span> </span>References</h2><div id="normative-references" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><span class="delete">B.1</span><span class="insert">C.1</span> </span>Normative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-IRI">[IRI]</dt><dd>M. Duerst, M. Suignard. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><cite>Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRI).</cite></a> January 2005. Internet RFC 3987. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt</a> 
-</dd><dt id="bib-RDF-SPARQL-QUERY">[RDF-SPARQL-QUERY]</dt><dd>Andy Seaborne; Eric Prud'hommeaux. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115"><cite>SPARQL Query Language for RDF.</cite></a> 15 January 2008. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115">http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115</a> 
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS"><span class="insert">[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]</span></dt><dd><span class="insert">James Cheney, Paolo Missier, and Luc Moreau (eds.), Tom De Nies. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/"><cite><span class="insert">Constraints of the PROV Data Model</span></cite></a><span class="insert">. 2012, Candidate Recommendation. URL: </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/</span></a><span class="insert">.
+</span></dd><dt id="bib-PROV-DM"><span class="insert">[PROV-DM]</span></dt><dd><span class="insert">Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Reza B'Far, James Cheney, Sam Coppens, Stephen Cresswell, Yolanda Gil, Paul Groth, Graham Klyne, Tim Lebo, Jim McCusker, Simon Miles, James Myers, Satya Sahoo, and Curt Tilmes </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/"><cite><span class="insert">PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</span></cite></a><span class="insert">. 2012, Working Draft. URL: </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-O"><span class="insert">[PROV-O]</span></dt><dd><span class="insert">Timothy Lebo, Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, David Corsar, Daniel Garijo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, Stephan Zednik, and Jun Zhao. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/"><cite><span class="insert">Provenance Formal Model</span></cite></a><span class="insert">. 2012, Candidate Recommendation. URL: </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/</span></a><span class="insert">.
+</span></dd><dt id="bib-RDF-SPARQL-QUERY">[RDF-SPARQL-QUERY]</dt><dd>Andy Seaborne; Eric Prud'hommeaux. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115"><cite>SPARQL Query Language for RDF.</cite></a> 15 January 2008. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115">http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115</a> 
 </dd><dt id="bib-RFC2119">[RFC2119]</dt><dd>S. Bradner. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><cite>Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.</cite></a> March 1997. Internet RFC 2119.  URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a> 
 </dd><dt id="bib-RFC3023">[RFC3023]</dt><dd>M. Murata; S. St.Laurent; D. Kohn. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt"><cite>XML Media Types</cite></a> January 2001. Internet RFC 3023. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt</a> 
 </dd><dt id="bib-RFC3986">[RFC3986]</dt><dd>T. Berners-Lee; R. Fielding; L. Masinter. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"><cite>Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax.</cite></a> January 2005. Internet RFC 3986. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt</a> 
@@ -3325,13 +3946,14 @@
 </dd><dt id="bib-XML-NAMES">[XML-NAMES]</dt><dd>Richard Tobin; et al. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/"><cite>Namespaces in XML 1.0 (Third Edition).</cite></a> 8 December 2009. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/</a> 
 </dd><dt id="bib-XML11">[XML11]</dt><dd>Eve Maler; et al. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816"><cite>Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.1 (Second Edition).</cite></a> 16 August 2006. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816">http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816</a> 
 </dd><dt id="bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">[XMLSCHEMA11-2]</dt><dd>Henry S. Thompson; et al. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/"><cite>W3C XML Schema Definition Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 2: Datatypes.</cite></a> 5 April 2012. W3C Recommendation URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/</a> 
-</dd></dl></div><div id="informative-references" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><span class="delete">B.2</span><span class="insert">C.2</span> </span>Informative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-PROV-AQ">[PROV-AQ]</dt><dd>Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. 2011, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]</dt><dd>James Cheney, Paolo Missier, and Luc Moreau (eds.)<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/"><cite>Constraints of the Prov Data Model</cite></a>. 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-DM">[PROV-DM]</dt><dd>Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Reza B'Far, Stephen Cresswell, Yolanda Gil, Paul Groth, Graham Klyne, Jim McCusker, Simon Miles, James Myers, Satya Sahoo, and Curt Tilmes<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/"><cite>PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</cite></a>. 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-RDF">[PROV-RDF]</dt><dd>James Cheney<a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF"><cite>PROV-RDF Mapping </cite></a>2012, Working in Progress. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-SEM">[PROV-SEM]</dt><dd>James Cheney <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. 2011, Work in progress. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-XML">[PROV-XML]</dt><dd>James Cheney <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvXML"><cite>PROV-XML Mapping </cite></a>2012, Working in Progress. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvXML">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvXML</a>
-</dd><span class="delete">[UNICODE5]</span><span class="delete">The Unicode Consortium. </span><span class="delete">The Unicode Standard, Version 5.1.0.</span><span class="delete"> Addison-Wesley. 2007. ISBN 0-321-48091-0. URL: </span><span class="delete">http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode5.1.0/</span> 
-<dt id="bib-UNISEC">[UNISEC]</dt><dd> Mark Davis and Michel Suignard. <a href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/"><cite>Unicode Security Considerations<cite></cite></cite></a>.  4 August 2010. URL: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/">http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/</a>
+</dd></dl></div><div id="informative-references" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><span class="delete">B.2</span><span class="insert">C.2</span> </span>Informative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-PROV-AQ">[PROV-AQ]</dt><dd>Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon <span class="delete">Miles </span><span class="insert">Miles. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. <span class="delete">2011,</span><span class="insert">2012,</span> Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/</span></a><span class="insert">.</span>
+</dd><span class="delete">[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]</span><dt id="bib-PROV-OVERVIEW"><span class="insert">[PROV-OVERVIEW]</span></dt><dd><span class="delete">James Cheney, Paolo Missier, and Luc Moreau (eds.)</span><span class="insert">AUTHORS TBD. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/"><cite><span class="delete">Constraints</span><span class="insert">PROV-OVERVIEW: The PROV Family</span> of <span class="delete">the Prov Data Model</span><span class="insert">Documents</span></cite></a>. 2012, Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/</span></a><span class="insert">.</span>
+</dd><span class="delete">[PROV-DM]</span><dt id="bib-PROV-PRIMER"><span class="insert">[PROV-PRIMER]</span></dt><dd><span class="delete">Luc Moreau</span><span class="insert">Yolanda Gil</span> and <span class="insert">Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, </span>Paolo <span class="delete">Missier (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Reza B'Far, Stephen Cresswell, Yolanda Gil, Paul Groth, Graham Klyne, Jim McCusker, Simon Miles, James Myers, Satya Sahoo,</span><span class="insert">Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes,</span> and <span class="delete">Curt Tilmes</span><span class="insert">Stephan Zednik. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/"><cite><span class="delete">PROV-DM: The PROV Data</span><span class="insert">Prov</span> Model<span class="insert"> Primer</span></cite></a>. 2012, Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/</span></a><span class="insert">.</span>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-RDF">[PROV-RDF]</dt><dd>James Cheney <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF"><cite>PROV-RDF Mapping </cite></a>2012, Working in Progress. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-SEM">[PROV-SEM]</dt><dd>James <span class="delete">Cheney</span><span class="insert">Cheney.</span> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. 2011, Work in progress. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a><span class="insert">.</span>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-XML">[PROV-XML]</dt><dd><span class="delete">James Cheney </span><span class="insert">Hook Hua, Curt Tilmes, and Stephan Zednik (eds.) Luc Moreau. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/"><cite><span class="delete">PROV-XML Mapping </span><span class="insert">PROV-XML: The PROV XML Schema</span></cite></a><span class="insert">. </span>2012, <span class="delete">Working in Progress.</span><span class="insert">Candidate Recommendation.</span> URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvXML</span>
+<span class="delete">[UNICODE5]</span><span class="delete">The Unicode Consortium. </span><span class="delete">The Unicode Standard, Version 5.1.0.</span><span class="delete"> Addison-Wesley. 2007. ISBN 0-321-48091-0. URL: </span><span class="delete">http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode5.1.0/</span> 
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/</span></a><span class="insert">.
+</span></dd><dt id="bib-UNISEC">[UNISEC]</dt><dd> Mark Davis and Michel Suignard. <a href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/"><cite>Unicode Security Considerations<cite></cite></cite></a>.  4 August 2010. URL: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/">http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/</a>
 </dd></dl></div></div></body></html>
 
--- a/model/diff.html	Mon Nov 19 16:15:37 2012 +0000
+++ b/model/diff.html	Mon Nov 19 16:16:15 2012 +0000
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@@ -1033,10 +1040,465 @@
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-  <body style="display: inherit; "><div class="head"><p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img width="72" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" alt="W3C"></a></p><h1 class="title" id="title">PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</h1><h2 id="subtitle"><a href="diff.html"><span class="insert">Changes</span></a><span class="insert"> since LC release</span></h2><h2 id="w3c-editor-s-draft-16-november-2012"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> <span class="delete">Working</span><span class="insert">Editor's</span> Draft <span class="delete">24 July</span><span class="insert">16 November</span> 2012</h2><dl><dt>This version:</dt><dd><span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-dm-20120724/</span><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html"><span class="insert">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html</span></a></dd><dt>Latest published version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a></dd><dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt><dd><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html</a></dd><dt>Previous version:</dt><dd><span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-dm-20120503/</span><span class="delete"> (</span><span class="delete">color-coded diffs</span><span class="delete">)</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-dm-20120724/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-dm-20120724/</span></a></dd><dt>Editors:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/">Luc Moreau</a>, University of Southampton</dd>
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+}
+
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+}
+
+
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+
+  <link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-CR" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" charset="utf-8"></head> 
+  <body style="display: inherit; "><div class="head"><p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img width="72" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" alt="W3C"></a></p><h1 class="title" id="title">PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</h1><h2 id="w3c-candidate-recommendation-11-december-2012"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> <span class="delete">Working Draft 24 July</span><span class="insert">Candidate Recommendation 11 December</span> 2012</h2><dl><dt>This version:</dt><dd><span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-dm-20120724/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/</span></a></dd><dt>Latest published version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a></dd><dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt><dd><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html</a></dd><dt>Previous version:</dt><dd><span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-dm-20120503/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-dm-20120724/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-dm-20120724/</span></a> (<a href="diff.html">color-coded diffs</a>)</dd><dt>Editors:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/">Luc Moreau</a>, University of Southampton</dd>
 <dd><a href="http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier">Paolo Missier</a>, Newcastle University</dd>
-<dt><span class="delete">Contributors:</span><span class="insert">Authors:</span></dt><dd><a href="http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Khalid_Belhajjame">Khalid Belhajjame</a>, University of Manchester</dd>
+<dt>Contributors:</dt><dd><a href="http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Khalid_Belhajjame">Khalid Belhajjame</a>, University of Manchester</dd>
 <dd><span>Reza B'Far</span>, Oracle Corporation</dd>
 <dd><a href="http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jcheney/">James Cheney</a>, University of Edinburgh</dd>
 <dd><span>Sam Coppens</span>, IBBT - Ghent University</dd>
@@ -1097,16 +1559,16 @@
 This document is part of the PROV family of specifications, a </span>set of <span class="delete">specifications</span><span class="insert">documents</span> defining various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
 interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web.  <span class="delete">The specifications</span><span class="insert">These documents</span> are:
 <ul>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-overview/"><span class="insert">PROV-OVERVIEW</span></a><span class="insert"> (Note), an overview of the PROV family of documents [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW"><span class="insert">PROV-OVERVIEW</span></a></cite><span class="insert">];</span></li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/"><span class="insert">PROV-PRIMER</span></a><span class="insert"> (Note), a primer for the PROV data model [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-PRIMER"><span class="insert">PROV-PRIMER</span></a></cite><span class="insert">];</span></li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/"><span class="insert">PROV-O</span></a><span class="insert"> (Recommendation), the PROV ontology, an OWL2 ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-O"><span class="insert">PROV-O</span></a></cite><span class="insert">];</span></li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">PROV-DM</a><span class="delete">,</span><span class="insert"> (Recommendation),</span> the PROV data model for provenance (this document);</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/"><span class="insert">PROV-N</span></a><span class="insert"> (Recommendation), a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-N"><span class="insert">PROV-N</span></a></cite><span class="insert">];</span></li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a><span class="delete">,</span><span class="insert"> (Recommendation),</span> a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/"><span class="insert">PROV-OVERVIEW</span></a><span class="insert"> (Note), an overview of the PROV family of documents [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW"><span class="insert">PROV-OVERVIEW</span></a></cite><span class="insert">];</span></li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/"><span class="insert">PROV-PRIMER</span></a><span class="insert"> (Note), a primer for the PROV data model [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-PRIMER"><span class="insert">PROV-PRIMER</span></a></cite><span class="insert">];</span></li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/"><span class="insert">PROV-O</span></a><span class="insert"> (Recommendation), the PROV ontology, an OWL2 ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-O"><span class="insert">PROV-O</span></a></cite><span class="insert">];</span></li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/">PROV-DM</a><span class="delete">,</span><span class="insert"> (Recommendation),</span> the PROV data model for provenance (this document);</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/"><span class="insert">PROV-N</span></a><span class="insert"> (Recommendation), a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-N"><span class="insert">PROV-N</span></a></cite><span class="insert">];</span></li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a><span class="delete">,</span><span class="insert"> (Recommendation),</span> a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>];</li>
 <li> <span class="delete">PROV-N</span><span class="delete">, a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption [</span><span class="delete">PROV-N</span><span class="delete">];</span>
  <span class="delete">PROV-O</span><span class="delete">, the PROV ontology, an OWL2 ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF [</span><span class="delete">PROV-O</span><span class="delete">];</span>
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/">PROV-AQ</a><span class="delete">,</span><span class="insert"> (Note),</span> the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>]; </li>
-<li> <span class="delete">PROV-PRIMER</span><span class="delete">, a primer</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-xml/"><span class="insert">PROV-XML</span></a><span class="insert"> (Note),  an XML schema</span> for the PROV data model [<cite><span class="delete">PROV-PRIMER</span><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-XML"><span class="insert">PROV-XML</span></a></cite>].</li>
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/">PROV-AQ</a><span class="delete">,</span><span class="insert"> (Note),</span> the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>]; </li>
+<li> <span class="delete">PROV-PRIMER</span><span class="delete">, a primer</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/"><span class="insert">PROV-XML</span></a><span class="insert"> (Note),  an XML schema</span> for the PROV data model [<cite><span class="delete">PROV-PRIMER</span><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-XML"><span class="insert">PROV-XML</span></a></cite>].</li>
 
 
 </ul>
@@ -1118,7 +1580,7 @@
 <li>Readers seeking to implement other PROV serializations
 should focus on PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS.  PROV-O and PROV-N offer examples of mapping to RDF and text, respectively.</li>
 </ul>
-<p>This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/">Provenance Working Group</a> as <span class="delete">a Last Call Working</span><span class="insert">an Editor's</span> Draft.<span class="delete"> This document is intended to become a </span><span class="delete">W3C</span><span class="delete"> Recommendation.</span> If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to <a href="mailto:public-prov-comments@w3.org">public-prov-comments@w3.org</a> (<a href="mailto:public-prov-comments-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>, <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/">archives</a>).<span class="delete"> The Last Call period ends 18 September 2012.</span> All feedback is welcome.</p><p>Publication as <span class="delete">a Working</span><span class="insert">an Editor's</span> Draft does not imply endorsement by the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.<span class="delete">This is a Last Call Working Draft and thus the Working Group has determined that this document has satisfied the relevant technical requirements and is sufficiently stable to advance through the Technical Recommendation process.</span></p><p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>. <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>.</p></div><div id="toc" class="section"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#introduction" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction<br>
+<p>This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/">Provenance Working Group</a> as a <span class="delete">Last Call Working Draft.</span><span class="insert">Candidate Recommendation.</span> This document is intended to become a <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation. If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to <a href="mailto:public-prov-comments@w3.org">public-prov-comments@w3.org</a> (<a href="mailto:public-prov-comments-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>, <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/">archives</a>). <span class="delete">The Last Call period ends 18 September 2012.</span><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium"><span class="insert">W3C</span></acronym><span class="insert"> publishes a Candidate Recommendation to indicate that the document is believed to be stable and to encourage implementation by the developer community. This Candidate Recommendation is expected to advance to Proposed Recommendation no earlier than 01 July 2014.</span> All feedback is welcome.</p><p>Publication as a <span class="delete">Working Draft</span><span class="insert">Candidate Recommendation</span> does not imply endorsement by the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.<span class="delete">This is a Last Call Working Draft and thus the Working Group has determined that this document has satisfied the relevant technical requirements and is sufficiently stable to advance through the Technical Recommendation process.</span></p><p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>. <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>.</p></div><div id="toc" class="section"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#introduction" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction<br>
 </a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#compliance-with-this-document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">1.1 </span></span><span class="insert">Compliance with this Document</span></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#structure-of-this-document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">1.1</span><span class="insert">1.2</span> </span>Structure of this Document</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#conventions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">1.2</span><span class="insert">1.3</span> </span>Notational Conventions</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#namespaces" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">1.3</span><span class="insert">1.4</span> </span>Namespaces</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-overview" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>PROV Overview</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#core-structures" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1 </span>PROV Core Structures</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-entity-activity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.1 </span>Entity and Activity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-derivation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.2 </span>Derivation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-agents-attribution-association-delegation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.3 </span>Agents and Responsibility</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-extended-structures" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2 </span>PROV Extended Structures</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-extended-mechanisms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.1 </span>Mechanisms to Define Extended Structures</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-extended-approach-subtyping" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.1.1 </span>Subtyping</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-extended-approach-expanded-relation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.1.2 </span>Expanded Relations</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-extended-approach-optional-identification" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.1.3 </span>Optional Identification</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-extended-approach-further-relations" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.1.4 </span>Further Relations</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-provenance-of-provnance" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.2 </span>Provenance of Provenance</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-collections" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.3 </span>Collections</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-overview-components" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Modular Organization</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-notation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>The Provenance Notation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-dm-example" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span>Illustration of PROV-DM by an Example</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-example-one" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.1 </span>Example: The Authors View</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-example-two" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.2 </span>Example: The Process View</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-example-c" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3 </span>Example: Attribution of Provenance</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#data-model-components" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5. </span>PROV-DM Types and Relations</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#component1" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1 </span>Component 1: Entities and Activities</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-entity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.1 </span>Entity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Activity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.2 </span>Activity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Generation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.3 </span>Generation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Usage" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.4 </span>Usage</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Communication" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.5 </span>Communication</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Start" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.6 </span>Start</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-End" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.7 </span>End</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Invalidation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.8 </span>Invalidation</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component2" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2 </span>Component 2: Derivations</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Derivation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2.1 </span>Derivation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-revision" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2.2 </span>Revision</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-quotation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2.3 </span>Quotation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-primary-source" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2.4 </span>Primary Source</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component3" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3 </span>Component 3: Agents, Responsibility, and Influence</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-agent" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.1 </span>Agent</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribution" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.2 </span>Attribution</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Association" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.3 </span>Association</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-delegation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.4 </span>Delegation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-influence" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.5 </span>Influence</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component4" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4 </span>Component 4: Bundles</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-bundle" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4.1 </span>Bundle constructor</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-bundle-entity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4.2 </span>Bundle Type</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component5" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.5 </span>Component 5: Alternate Entities</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-specialization" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.5.1 </span>Specialization</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-alternate" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.5.2 </span>Alternate<span class="delete">5.5.3 </span><span class="delete">Mention</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component6" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.6 </span>Component 6: Collections</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-collection" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.6.1 </span>Collection</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-membership" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.6.2 </span>Membership</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#second-class-elements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7 </span>Further Elements of PROV-DM</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-identifier" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.1 </span>Identifier</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2 </span>Attribute</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-label" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2.1 </span>prov:label</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-location" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2.2 </span>prov:location</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-role" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2.3 </span>prov:role</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-type" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2.4 </span>prov:type</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-value" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2.5 </span>prov:value</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-value" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.3 </span>Value</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-NamespaceDeclaration" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.4 </span>Namespace Declaration</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-qualified-name" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.5 </span>Qualified Name</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#extensibility-section" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">6. </span>PROV-DM Extensibility Points</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#valid-provenance" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">7. </span>Creating Valid Provenance</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#cross-references-to-prov-o-and-prov-n" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A. </span>Cross-References to PROV-O and PROV-N</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#changes-since-last-version" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">B. </span></span><span class="insert">Changes since last version</span></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">B.</span><span class="insert">C.</span> </span>Acknowledgements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">C.</span><span class="insert">D.</span> </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">C.1</span><span class="insert">D.1</span> </span>Normative references</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">C.2</span><span class="insert">D.2</span> </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></div> 
 
 
@@ -2199,7 +2661,7 @@
 <div id="secondary-elements-relations-at-a-glance-div" style="text-align: center;">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
 <caption id="secondary-elements-relations-at-a-glance"><span><span class="insert">Table 5</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#secondary-elements-relations-at-a-glance"><span class="diamond"><span class="insert"> ◊:</span></span></a></sup> </span><span class="insert">Secondary optional elements in PROV-DM Relations</span></caption> 
-<tbody><tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px;§&gt; "></td><td colspan="3"><span class="insert">Secondary Object</span></td></tr> 
+<tbody><tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td colspan="3"><span class="insert">Secondary Object</span></td></tr> 
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td><span class="insert">Entity</span></td><td><span class="insert">Activity</span></td><td><span class="insert">Agent</span></td></tr> 
 <tr><td rowspan="3"><span class="insert">Subject</span></td><td><span class="insert">Entity</span></td><td><span class="insert">—</span></td><td class="component2-color"><a href="#dfn-wasderivedfrom" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">WasDerivedFrom</span></a><span class="insert"> (</span><a href="#derivation.activity"><span class="insert">activity</span></a><span class="insert">)</span></td><td><span class="insert">—</span></td></tr>
 <tr><td><span class="insert">Activity</span></td><td class="component3-color"><a href="#dfn-wasassociatedwith" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">WasAssociatedWith</span></a><span class="insert"> (</span><a href="#association.plan"><span class="insert">plan</span></a><span class="insert">)</span></td><td class="component1-color"><a href="#dfn-wasstartedby" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">WasStartedBy</span></a><span class="insert"> (</span><a href="#start.starter"><span class="insert">starter</span></a><span class="insert">)</span><br><a href="#dfn-wasendedby" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">WasEndedBy</span></a><span class="insert"> (</span><a href="#end.ender"><span class="insert">ender</span></a><span class="insert">)</span></td><td><span class="insert">—</span></td></tr>
@@ -4001,7 +4463,7 @@
   "http://example.org/foo" %% xsd:anyURI
 </pre>
 <p>The following example shows a value of type <span class="name">prov:QUALIFIED_NAME</span> (see
-<span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">prov:QUALIFIED_NAME</a></span> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>]).
+<span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">prov:QUALIFIED_NAME</a></span> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>]).
 The prefix <span class="name">ex</span>  must be bound to a <a href="#dfn-namespace" class="internalDFN">namespace</a> declared in a <a href="#dfn-namespaceDeclaration" class="internalDFN">namespace declaration</a>.</p>
 <pre class="codeexample"> 
   "ex:value" %% prov:QUALIFIED_NAME
@@ -4195,50 +4657,50 @@
 
 <tr class="component1-color">
 <td><a title="Entity" href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td>
-<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#Entity">Entity</a></td>
-<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/#prod-entityExpression">entityExpression</a></code>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Entity">Entity</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-entityExpression">entityExpression</a></code>
 </td><td rowspan="8"><a href="#component1">Component 1:<br> Entities/Activities</a></td></tr>
 
 <tr class="component1-color">
 <td><a title="Activity" href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a></td>
-<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#Entity">Activity</a></td>
-<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/#prod-activityExpression">activityExpression</a></code></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Entity">Activity</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-activityExpression">activityExpression</a></code></td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr class="component1-color">
 <td><a title="Generation" href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a></td>
-<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#wasGeneratedBy">wasGeneratedBy</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#Generation">Generation</a></td>
-<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/#prod-generationExpression">generationExpression</a></code></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasGeneratedBy">wasGeneratedBy</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Generation">Generation</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-generationExpression">generationExpression</a></code></td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr class="component1-color">
 <td><a title="Usage" href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a></td>
-<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#used">used</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#Usage">Usage</a></td>
-<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/#prod-usageExpression">usageExpression</a></code></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#used">used</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Usage">Usage</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-usageExpression">usageExpression</a></code></td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr class="component1-color">
 <td><a title="Communication" href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN">Communication</a></td>
-<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#wasInformedBy">wasInformedBy</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#Communication">Communication</a></td>
-<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/#prod-communicationExpression">communicationExpression</a></code></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasInformedBy">wasInformedBy</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Communication">Communication</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-communicationExpression">communicationExpression</a></code></td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr class="component1-color">
 <td><a title="Start" href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a></td>
-<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#wasStartedBy">wasStartedBy</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#Start">Start</a></td>
-<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/#prod-startExpression">startExpression</a></code></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasStartedBy">wasStartedBy</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Start">Start</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-startExpression">startExpression</a></code></td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr class="component1-color">
 <td><a title="End" href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a></td>
-<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#wasEndedBy">wasEndedBy</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#End">End</a></td>
-<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/#prod-endExpression">endExpression</a></code></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasEndedBy">wasEndedBy</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#End">End</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-endExpression">endExpression</a></code></td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr class="component1-color">
 <td><a title="Invalidation" href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</a></td>
-<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#wasInvalidatedBy">wasInvalidatedBy</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#Invalidation">Invalidation</a></td>
-<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/#prod-invalidationExpression">invalidationExpression</a></code></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasInvalidatedBy">wasInvalidatedBy</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Invalidation">Invalidation</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-invalidationExpression">invalidationExpression</a></code></td>
 </tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td>
 </tr>
@@ -4247,26 +4709,26 @@
 
 <tr class="component2-color">
 <td><a title="Derivation" href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">Derivation</a></td>
-<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#wasDerivedFrom">wasDerivedFrom</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#Derivation">Derivation</a></td>
-<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/#prod-derivationExpression">derivationExpression</a></code></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasDerivedFrom">wasDerivedFrom</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Derivation">Derivation</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-derivationExpression">derivationExpression</a></code></td>
 <td rowspan="4"><a href="#component2">Component 2:<br> Derivations</a></td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr class="component2-color">
 <td class="provType"><a title="Revision" href="#concept-revision" class="internalDFN">Revision</a></td>
-<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#wasRevisionOf">wasRevisionOf</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#Revision">Revision</a></td>
-<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/#provn-type-Revision">Revision</a></code></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasRevisionOf">wasRevisionOf</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Revision">Revision</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Revision">Revision</a></code></td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr class="component2-color">
 <td class="provType"><a title="Quotation" href="#concept-quotation" class="internalDFN">Quotation</a></td>
-<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#wasQuotedFrom">wasQuotedFrom</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#Quotation">Quotation</a></td>
-<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/#provn-type-Quotation">Quotation</a></code></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasQuotedFrom">wasQuotedFrom</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Quotation">Quotation</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Quotation">Quotation</a></code></td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr class="component2-color"><td class="provType"><a title="Primary Source" href="#concept-primary-source" class="internalDFN">Primary Source</a></td>
-<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#hadPrimarySource">hadPrimarySource</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#Source">Source</a></td>
-<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/#provn-type-Primary-Source">PrimarySource</a></code></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#hadPrimarySource">hadPrimarySource</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Source">Source</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Primary-Source">PrimarySource</a></code></td>
 </tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td>
 </tr>
@@ -4275,57 +4737,57 @@
 
 <tr class="component3-color" style="border-collapse: collapse; ">
 <td><a title="Agent" href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a></td>
-<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#Agent">Agent</a></td>
-<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/#prod-agentExpression">agentExpression</a></code></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Agent">Agent</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-agentExpression">agentExpression</a></code></td>
 <td rowspan="9"><a href="#component3">Component 3: <br>Agents, Responsibility, <br>Influence</a></td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr class="component3-color">
 <td><a title="Attribution" href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">Attribution</a></td>
-<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#wasAttributedTo">wasAttributedTo</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#Attribution">Attribution</a></td>
-<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/#prod-attributionExpression">attributionExpression</a></code></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasAttributedTo">wasAttributedTo</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Attribution">Attribution</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-attributionExpression">attributionExpression</a></code></td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr class="component3-color">
 <td><a title="Association" href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">Association</a></td>
-<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#wasAssociatedWith">wasAssociatedWith</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#Association">Association</a></td>
-<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/#prod-associationExpression">associationExpression</a></code></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasAssociatedWith">wasAssociatedWith</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Association">Association</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-associationExpression">associationExpression</a></code></td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr class="component3-color">
 <td><a title="Delegation" href="#concept-delegation" class="internalDFN">Delegation</a></td>
-<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#actedOnBehalfOf">actedOnBehalfOf</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#Delegation">Delegation</a></td>
-<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/#prod-delegationExpression">delegationExpression</a></code></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#actedOnBehalfOf">actedOnBehalfOf</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Delegation">Delegation</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-delegationExpression">delegationExpression</a></code></td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr class="component3-color">
 <td><a title="Plan" href="#concept-plan" class="internalDFN">Plan</a></td>
-<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#Plan">Plan</a></td>
-<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/#provn-type-Plan">Plan</a></code></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Plan">Plan</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Plan">Plan</a></code></td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr class="component3-color">
 <td><a title="Person" href="#concept-person" class="internalDFN">Person</a></td>
-<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#Person">Person</a></td>
-<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/#provn-type-Person">Person</a></code></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Person">Person</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Person">Person</a></code></td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr class="component3-color">
 <td><a title="Organization" href="#concept-organization" class="internalDFN">Organization</a></td>
-<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#Organization">Organization</a></td>
-<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/#provn-type-Organization">Organization</a></code></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Organization">Organization</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Organization">Organization</a></code></td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr class="component3-color">
 <td><a title="software-agent" href="#concept-software-agent" class="internalDFN">SoftwareAgent</a></td>
-<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#SoftwareAgent">SoftwareAgent</a></td>
-<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/#provn-type-SoftwareAgent">SoftwareAgent</a></code></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#SoftwareAgent">SoftwareAgent</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-SoftwareAgent">SoftwareAgent</a></code></td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr class="component3-color">
 <td><a title="Influence" href="#concept-influence" class="internalDFN">Influence</a></td>
-<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#wasInfluencedBy">wasInfluencedBy</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#Influence">Influence</a></td>
-<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/#prod-influenceExpression">influenceExpression</a></code></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasInfluencedBy">wasInfluencedBy</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Influence">Influence</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-influenceExpression">influenceExpression</a></code></td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td>
@@ -4335,14 +4797,14 @@
 
 <tr class="component4-color">
 <td><a title="bundle" href="#concept-bundle" class="internalDFN">Bundle constructor</a></td>
-<td> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#description-bundle">bundle description</a> </td>
-<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/#prod-namedBundle">namedBundle</a></code></td>
+<td> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#description-bundle">bundle description</a> </td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-namedBundle">namedBundle</a></code></td>
 <td rowspan="2"><a href="#component5">Component 4: <br> Bundles</a></td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr class="component4-color"><td class="provType"><a title="bundle" href="#concept-bundle" class="internalDFN">Bundle type</a></td>
-<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#Bundle">Bundle</a></td>
-<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/#provn-type-Bundle">Bundle</a></code></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Bundle">Bundle</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Bundle">Bundle</a></code></td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td>
@@ -4350,15 +4812,15 @@
 
 <tr class="component5-color">
 <td><a title="Alternate" href="#concept-alternate" class="internalDFN">Alternate</a></td>
-<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#alternateOf">alternateOf</a></td>
-<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/#prod-alternateExpression">alternateExpression</a></code></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#alternateOf">alternateOf</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-alternateExpression">alternateExpression</a></code></td>
 <td rowspan="2"><a href="#component4">Component 5: <br> Alternate</a></td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr class="component5-color">
 <td><a title="Specialization" href="#concept-specialization" class="internalDFN">Specialization</a></td>
-<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#specializationOf">specializationOf</a></td>
-<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/#prod-specializationExpression">specializationExpression</a></code></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#specializationOf">specializationOf</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-specializationExpression">specializationExpression</a></code></td>
 </tr>
 
 
@@ -4375,21 +4837,21 @@
 
 <tr class="component6-color">
 <td><a title="Collection" href="#concept-collection" class="internalDFN">Collection</a></td>
-<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#Collection">Collection</a></td>
-<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/#provn-type-Collection">Collection</a></code></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Collection">Collection</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Collection">Collection</a></code></td>
 <td rowspan="3"><a href="#component6">Component 6: <br> Collections</a></td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr class="component6-color">
 <td><a title="Empty Collection" href="#concept-empty-collection" class="internalDFN">EmptyCollection</a></td>
-<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#EmptyCollection">EmptyCollection</a></td>
-<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/#provn-type-EmptyCollection">EmptyCollection</a></code></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#EmptyCollection">EmptyCollection</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-EmptyCollection">EmptyCollection</a></code></td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr class="component6-color">
 <td><a title="Membership" href="#concept-membership" class="internalDFN">Membership</a></td>
-<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/#hadMember">hadMember</a></td>
-<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/#prod-membershipExpression">membershipExpression</a></code></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#hadMember">hadMember</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-membershipExpression">membershipExpression</a></code></td>
 </tr>
 </tbody></table>
 </div>
@@ -4462,6 +4924,7 @@
 </span></p>
 
 
+
 <p>
 Members of the PROV Working Group at the time of publication of this document were:
 
--- a/model/diff/Makefile	Mon Nov 19 16:15:37 2012 +0000
+++ b/model/diff/Makefile	Mon Nov 19 16:16:15 2012 +0000
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@
 	./htmldiff ../releases/WD-prov-n-20120724/Overview.html prov-n.html > ../diff-n.html
 
 rel:
-	htmldiff ../releases/WD-prov-n-20120503/Overview.html ../releases/WD-prov-n-20120724/Overview.html > ../diff-n.html
-	htmldiff ../releases/WD-prov-dm-20120503/Overview.html ../releases/WD-prov-dm-20120724/Overview.html > ../diff.html
-	cp ../diff-n.html ../releases/WD-prov-n-20120724/
-	cp ../diff.html ../releases/WD-prov-dm-20120724/
+	./htmldiff ../releases/WD-prov-n-20120724/Overview.html ../releases/CR-prov-n-20121211/Overview.html  > ../diff-n.html
+	./htmldiff ../releases/WD-prov-dm-20120724/Overview.html ../releases/CR-prov-dm-20121211/Overview.html > ../diff.html
+	cp ../diff-n.html ../releases/CR-prov-n-20121211/
+	cp ../diff.html ../releases/CR-prov-dm-20121211/
 
 
 
--- a/model/prov-dm.html	Mon Nov 19 16:15:37 2012 +0000
+++ b/model/prov-dm.html	Mon Nov 19 16:16:15 2012 +0000
@@ -28,19 +28,19 @@
 	border-color: gray;
 	border-collapse: collapse;
 }
+
 table.thinborder th {
 	border-width: 1px;
 	padding: 0px;
 	border-style: solid;
 	border-color: gray;
-	-moz-border-radius: ;
 }
+
 table.thinborder td {
 	border-width: 1px;
 	padding: 2px;
 	border-style: solid;
 	border-color: gray;
-	-moz-border-radius: ;
 }
 </style>
 
@@ -106,22 +106,6 @@
     <script src="provbib.js" class="remove"></script>
 
     <script class="remove">
-      function checkLinksToW3CReports () {
-       $('a').each(function(index) {
-             var myRef=$(this).attr('href');
-             if (myRef!=undefined) {
-               if (myRef.startsWith('http') && myRef.contains('prov-')) {
-                 var check=false;
-                 for (var k in provURLs) {
-                   if (myRef.startsWith(provURLs[k])) { check=true; }
-                 }
-                 if (!check) {
-                     console.log( "links " +  myRef);
-                 }
-               }
-             }
-       })
-      }
       function updateGlossaryRefs() {
         $('.glossary-ref').each(function(index) {
           var ref=$(this).attr('data-ref');
@@ -358,18 +342,18 @@
       };
       var respecConfig = {
           // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
-          specStatus:           "ED",
+          specStatus:           "CR",
           
           // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
           shortName:            "prov-dm",
  
           // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
           // formal title, define it here
-          subtitle   :  "<a href=\"diff.html\">Changes</a> since LC release",
+          //subtitle   :  "<a href=\"diff.html\">Changes</a> since LC release",
 
  
           // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
-          //publishDate:  "2012-12-06",
+          publishDate:  "2012-12-11",
  
           // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
           // the start date here:
@@ -385,11 +369,11 @@
           edDraftURI:           "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html",
  
           // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
-          lcEnd: "2012-09-18",
+          crEnd: "2012-31-01",
  
           // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
           // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
-          extraCSS:             ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "./extra-dm.css"],
+          //extraCSS:             ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css"],
  
           // editors, add as many as you like
           // only "name" is required
@@ -457,6 +441,926 @@
           postProcess: [updateSectionRefs, updateDfn, updateFigures, checkLinksToW3CReports],
       };
     </script> 
+  <style type="text/css">
+/*****************************************************************
+ * ReSpec CSS
+ * Robin Berjon (robin at berjon dot com)
+ * v0.05 - 2009-07-31
+ *****************************************************************/
+
+
+/* --- INLINES --- */
+em.rfc2119 { 
+    text-transform:     lowercase;
+    font-variant:       small-caps;
+    font-style:         normal;
+    color:              #900;
+}
+
+h1 acronym, h2 acronym, h3 acronym, h4 acronym, h5 acronym, h6 acronym, a acronym,
+h1 abbr, h2 abbr, h3 abbr, h4 abbr, h5 abbr, h6 abbr, a abbr {
+    border: none;
+}
+
+dfn {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+}
+
+a.internalDFN {
+    color:  inherit;
+    border-bottom:  1px solid #99c;
+    text-decoration:    none;
+}
+
+a.externalDFN {
+    color:  inherit;
+    border-bottom:  1px dotted #ccc;
+    text-decoration:    none;
+}
+
+a.bibref {
+    text-decoration:    none;
+}
+
+code {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+}
+
+
+/* --- WEB IDL --- */
+pre.idl {
+    border-top: 1px solid #90b8de;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #90b8de;
+    padding:    1em;
+    line-height:    120%;
+}
+
+pre.idl::before {
+    content:    "WebIDL";
+    display:    block;
+    width:      150px;
+    background: #90b8de;
+    color:  #fff;
+    font-family:    initial;
+    padding:    3px;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    margin: -1em 0 1em -1em;
+}
+
+.idlType {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    text-decoration:    none;
+}
+
+/*.idlModule*/
+/*.idlModuleID*/
+/*.idlInterface*/
+.idlInterfaceID, .idlDictionaryID {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+
+.idlSuperclass {
+    font-style: italic;
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+
+/*.idlAttribute*/
+.idlAttrType, .idlFieldType, .idlMemberType {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+.idlAttrName, .idlFieldName, .idlMemberName {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+}
+.idlAttrName a, .idlFieldName a, .idlMemberName a {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+    border-bottom:  1px dotted #ff4500;
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/*.idlMethod*/
+.idlMethType {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+.idlMethName {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+}
+.idlMethName a {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+    border-bottom:  1px dotted #ff4500;
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/*.idlParam*/
+.idlParamType {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+.idlParamName {
+    font-style: italic;
+}
+
+.extAttr {
+    color:  #666;
+}
+
+/*.idlConst*/
+.idlConstType {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+.idlConstName {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+}
+.idlConstName a {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+    border-bottom:  1px dotted #ff4500;
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/*.idlException*/
+.idlExceptionID {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    color:  #c00;
+}
+
+.idlTypedefID, .idlTypedefType {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+
+.idlRaises, .idlRaises a.idlType, .idlRaises a.idlType code, .excName a, .excName a code {
+    color:  #c00;
+    font-weight:    normal;
+}
+
+.excName a {
+    font-family:    monospace;
+}
+
+.idlRaises a.idlType, .excName a.idlType {
+    border-bottom:  1px dotted #c00;
+}
+
+.excGetSetTrue, .excGetSetFalse, .prmNullTrue, .prmNullFalse, .prmOptTrue, .prmOptFalse {
+    width:  45px;
+    text-align: center;
+}
+.excGetSetTrue, .prmNullTrue, .prmOptTrue { color:  #0c0; }
+.excGetSetFalse, .prmNullFalse, .prmOptFalse { color:  #c00; }
+
+.idlImplements a {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+}
+
+dl.attributes, dl.methods, dl.constants, dl.fields, dl.dictionary-members {
+    margin-left:    2em;
+}
+
+.attributes dt, .methods dt, .constants dt, .fields dt, .dictionary-members dt {
+    font-weight:    normal;
+}
+
+.attributes dt code, .methods dt code, .constants dt code, .fields dt code, .dictionary-members dt code {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    color:  #000;
+    font-family:    monospace;
+}
+
+.attributes dt code, .fields dt code, .dictionary-members dt code {
+    background:  #ffffd2;
+}
+
+.attributes dt .idlAttrType code, .fields dt .idlFieldType code, .dictionary-members dt .idlMemberType code {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+    background:  transparent;
+    font-family:    inherit;
+    font-weight:    normal;
+    font-style: italic;
+}
+
+.methods dt code {
+    background:  #d9e6f8;
+}
+
+.constants dt code {
+    background:  #ddffd2;
+}
+
+.attributes dd, .methods dd, .constants dd, .fields dd, .dictionary-members dd {
+    margin-bottom:  1em;
+}
+
+table.parameters, table.exceptions {
+    border-spacing: 0;
+    border-collapse:    collapse;
+    margin: 0.5em 0;
+    width:  100%;
+}
+table.parameters { border-bottom:  1px solid #90b8de; }
+table.exceptions { border-bottom:  1px solid #deb890; }
+
+.parameters th, .exceptions th {
+    color:  #fff;
+    padding:    3px 5px;
+    text-align: left;
+    font-family:    initial;
+    font-weight:    normal;
+    text-shadow:    #666 1px 1px 0;
+}
+.parameters th { background: #90b8de; }
+.exceptions th { background: #deb890; }
+
+.parameters td, .exceptions td {
+    padding:    3px 10px;
+    border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
+    vertical-align: top;
+}
+
+.parameters tr:first-child td, .exceptions tr:first-child td {
+    border-top: none;
+}
+
+.parameters td.prmName, .exceptions td.excName, .exceptions td.excCodeName {
+    width:  100px;
+}
+
+.parameters td.prmType {
+    width:  120px;
+}
+
+table.exceptions table {
+    border-spacing: 0;
+    border-collapse:    collapse;
+    width:  100%;
+}
+
+/* --- TOC --- */
+.toc a {
+    text-decoration:    none;
+}
+
+a .secno {
+    color:  #000;
+}
+
+/* --- TABLE --- */
+table.simple {
+    border-spacing: 0;
+    border-collapse:    collapse;
+    border-bottom:  3px solid #005a9c;
+}
+
+.simple th {
+    background: #005a9c;
+    color:  #fff;
+    padding:    3px 5px;
+    text-align: left;
+}
+
+.simple th[scope="row"] {
+    background: inherit;
+    color:  inherit;
+    border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
+}
+
+.simple td {
+    padding:    3px 10px;
+    border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
+}
+
+.simple tr:nth-child(even) {
+    background: #f0f6ff;
+}
+
+/* --- DL --- */
+.section dd > p:first-child {
+    margin-top: 0;
+}
+
+.section dd > p:last-child {
+    margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+.section dd {
+    margin-bottom:  1em;
+}
+
+.section dl.attrs dd, .section dl.eldef dd {
+    margin-bottom:  0;
+}
+
+/* --- EXAMPLES --- */
+pre.example {
+    border-top: 1px solid #ff4500;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #ff4500;
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin-top: 1em;
+}
+
+pre.example::before {
+    content:    "Example";
+    display:    block;
+    width:      150px;
+    background: #ff4500;
+    color:  #fff;
+    font-family:    initial;
+    padding:    3px;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    margin: -1em 0 1em -1em;
+}
+
+/* --- EDITORIAL NOTES --- */
+.issue {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #ffc;
+}
+
+.issue::before {
+    content:    "Issue";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+.note {
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    padding:    1em;
+    border: 2px solid #cff6d9;
+    background: #e2fff0;
+}
+
+.note::before {
+    content:    "Note";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #cff6d9;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+/* --- Best Practices --- */
+div.practice {
+    border: solid #bebebe 1px;
+    margin: 2em 1em 1em 2em;
+}
+
+span.practicelab {
+    margin: 1.5em 0.5em 1em 1em;
+    font-weight: bold;
+    font-style: italic;
+}
+
+span.practicelab   { background: #dfffff; }
+
+span.practicelab {
+    position: relative;
+    padding: 0 0.5em;
+    top: -1.5em;
+}
+
+p.practicedesc {
+    margin: 1.5em 0.5em 1em 1em;
+}
+
+@media screen {
+    p.practicedesc {
+        position: relative;
+        top: -2em;
+        padding: 0;
+        margin: 1.5em 0.5em -1em 1em;
+    }
+}
+
+/* --- SYNTAX HIGHLIGHTING --- */
+pre.sh_sourceCode {
+  background-color: white;
+  color: black;
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: normal;
+}
+
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_keyword { color: #005a9c; font-weight: bold; }           /* language keywords */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_type { color: #666; }                            /* basic types */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_usertype { color: teal; }                             /* user defined types */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_string { color: red; font-family: monospace; }        /* strings and chars */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_regexp { color: orange; font-family: monospace; }     /* regular expressions */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_specialchar { color: 	#ffc0cb; font-family: monospace; }  /* e.g., \n, \t, \\ */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_comment { color: #A52A2A; font-style: italic; }         /* comments */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_number { color: purple; }                             /* literal numbers */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_preproc { color: #00008B; font-weight: bold; }       /* e.g., #include, import */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_symbol { color: blue; }                            /* e.g., *, + */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_function { color: black; font-weight: bold; }         /* function calls and declarations */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_cbracket { color: red; }                              /* block brackets (e.g., {, }) */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_todo { font-weight: bold; background-color: #00FFFF; }   /* TODO and FIXME */
+
+/* Predefined variables and functions (for instance glsl) */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_predef_var { color: #00008B; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_predef_func { color: #00008B; font-weight: bold; }
+
+/* for OOP */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_classname { color: teal; }
+
+/* line numbers (not yet implemented) */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_linenum { display: none; }
+
+/* Internet related */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_url { color: blue; text-decoration: underline; font-family: monospace; }
+
+/* for ChangeLog and Log files */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_date { color: blue; font-weight: bold; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_time, pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_file { color: #00008B; font-weight: bold; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_ip, pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_name { color: #006400; }
+
+/* for Prolog, Perl... */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_variable { color: #006400; }
+
+/* for LaTeX */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_italics { color: #006400; font-style: italic; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_bold { color: #006400; font-weight: bold; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_underline { color: #006400; text-decoration: underline; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_fixed { color: green; font-family: monospace; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_argument { color: #006400; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_optionalargument { color: purple; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_math { color: orange; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_bibtex { color: blue; }
+
+/* for diffs */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_oldfile { color: orange; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_newfile { color: #006400; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_difflines { color: blue; }
+
+/* for css */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_selector { color: purple; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_property { color: blue; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_value { color: #006400; font-style: italic; }
+
+/* other */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_section { color: black; font-weight: bold; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_paren { color: red; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_attribute { color: #006400; }
+
+</style>
+<style type="text/css">
+/* --- EDITORIAL NOTES --- */
+.component1-color {
+ background-color: rgba(255,42,42,0.2);
+}
+
+.component3-color {
+ background-color: rgba(0,68,170,0.2);
+}
+
+.component2-color {
+ background-color: rgba(0,170,0,0.2);
+}
+.component4-color {
+ background-color: rgba(244,105,14,0.2);
+}
+
+.component6-color {
+ background-color: rgba(11,40,40,0.2);
+}
+
+.component5-color {
+ background-color: rgba(204,255,0,0.2);
+}
+
+.pending {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #BFEFFF;
+}
+
+.pending::before {
+    content:    "Pending Review";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+.resolved {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #9BCD9B;
+}
+
+.resolved::before {
+    content:    "Resolved";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+.inference {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.inference[id]::before {
+    content:    "Inference: " attr(id);
+    width:  380px;  /* How can we compute the length of "Constraint: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.inference::before {
+    content:    "Inference";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+.syntax {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.syntax[id]::before {
+    content:    "Syntax: " attr(id);
+    width:  380px;  /* How can we compute the length of "Constraint: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.syntax::before {
+    content:    "Syntax";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+.unamedconstraint {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+
+.unamedconstraint::before {
+    content:    "Constraint";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+
+.constraint {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.constraint[id]::before {
+    content:    "Constraint: " attr(id);
+    width:  380px;  /* How can we compute the length of "Constraint: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.constraint::before {
+    content:    "Constraint";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+
+.interpretation {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.interpretation[id]::before {
+    content:    "Interpretation: " attr(id);
+    width:  380px;  /* How can we compute the length of "Interpretation: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.interpretation::before {
+    content:    "Interpretation";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+.definition {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #777;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.definition[id]::before {
+    content:    "Definition: " attr(id);
+    width:  380px; 
+}
+
+
+.definition::before {
+    content:    "Definition";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #000;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+.deprecatedconstraint {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.deprecatedconstraint[id]::before {
+    content:    "Deprecated: " attr(id);
+    width:  380px;  /* How can we compute the length of "Deprecatedconstraint: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.deprecatedconstraint::before {
+    content:    "Deprecated";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+.glossary-ref {
+    font-style:    italic;
+}
+
+.dfn {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+}
+
+
+.attribute {
+    font-style: italic;
+}
+
+
+.conditional {
+    color: blue;
+}
+
+.grammar {
+    margin-top: 1ex;
+    margin-bottom: 1ex;
+    padding-left: 1ex;
+    padding-right: 1ex;
+    padding-top: 1ex;
+    padding-bottom: 0.6ex;
+    border: 1px dashed #2f6fab;
+    font-size: 80%;
+}
+.nonterminal {
+    font-weight: bold;
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+    font-size: 95%;
+}
+
+.name {
+    font-family: monospace;
+}
+
+
+.xmpl {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.xmpl::before {
+    content:    "Example";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+/* 
+generating this through java script now.
+
+.anexample[data-count]::before {
+    content: "Example " attr(data-count) ;
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+    font-size: 1.6ex;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+
+.anexample:before {
+    content: "Example:";
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+    font-size: 1.6ex;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+*/
+
+.anexample {
+    margin-top: 1ex;
+    margin-bottom: 1ex;
+    padding-left: 1ex;
+    padding-right: 1ex;
+    padding-top: 1ex;
+    padding-bottom: 0.6ex;
+    border: 1px dashed #2f6fab;
+    background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+.anexample table {
+    background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+
+.anexampleTitle {
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+    font-size: 1.6ex;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.anexampleTitle {
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+    font-size: 1.6ex;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+
+.diamond {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:100%;
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="name"]:before {
+    content: "'";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="name"]:after {
+    content: "'";
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="optional"]:before {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="optional"]:after {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: ")?";
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="plus"]:before {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="plus"]:after {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: ")+";
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="star"]:before {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="star"]:after {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: ")*";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="choice"]:before {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="choice"]:after {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: ")";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="group"]:before {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="group"]:after {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: ")";
+}
+
+table {
+    background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+
+
+.interpretation-forward::before {
+    content:    "Interpretation: ";
+    font-weight:    bold;
+}
+
+.structural-forward::before {
+    content:    "Structural constraint: ";
+    font-weight:    bold;
+}
+
+.essential {
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.provType::before {
+}
+
+.pnExpression {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:120%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+}
+
+
+</style>
+
   </head> 
   <body> 
 
@@ -1540,7 +2444,7 @@
 <div id="secondary-elements-relations-at-a-glance-div" style="text-align: center;">
 <table   class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
 <caption id="secondary-elements-relations-at-a-glance">Secondary optional elements in PROV-DM Relations</caption> <!-- Table 4 -->
-<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px;§> "></td><td colspan="3">Secondary Object</td></tr> 
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td colspan="3">Secondary Object</td></tr> 
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td>Entity</td><td>Activity</td><td >Agent</td></tr> 
 <tr><td rowspan="3">Subject</td><td>Entity</td><td>&mdash;</td><td class="component2-color"><a >WasDerivedFrom</a> (<a href="#derivation.activity">activity</a>)</td><td>&mdash;</td></tr>
 <tr><td>Activity</td><td class="component3-color"><a>WasAssociatedWith</a> (<a href="#association.plan">plan</a>)</td><td class="component1-color"><a>WasStartedBy</a> (<a href="#start.starter">starter</a>)<br><a>WasEndedBy</a> (<a href="#end.ender">ender</a>)</td><td>&mdash;</td></tr>
@@ -3648,6 +4552,20 @@
 Antoine Zimmermann.
 </p>
 
+<p>
+The editors acknowledge valuable contributions from the following:
+David Booth,
+Robert Freimuth,
+Satrajit Ghosh,
+Ralph Hodgson,
+Renato Iannella,
+Jacek Kopecky,
+James Leigh,
+Jacco van Ossenbruggen,
+Alan Ruttenberg,
+Reza Samavi, and
+Antoine Zimmermann.
+</p>
 
 <p>
 Members of the PROV Working Group at the time of publication of this document were:
--- a/model/prov-n.html	Mon Nov 19 16:15:37 2012 +0000
+++ b/model/prov-n.html	Mon Nov 19 16:16:15 2012 +0000
@@ -53,6 +53,8 @@
 
     </script>
 
+    <script src="provbib.js" class="remove"></script>
+
     <script class="remove">
       function updateGlossaryRefs() {
         $('.glossary-ref').each(function(index) {
@@ -137,6 +139,18 @@
         updateGrammarRefs();
         updateExamples();
         updateExamplesRefs();
+
+	if (typeof String.prototype.startsWith != 'function') {
+            String.prototype.startsWith = function (str) {
+					    return this.indexOf(str) == 0;
+					  };
+        }
+	if (typeof String.prototype.contains != 'function') {
+            String.prototype.contains  = function (str) {
+					    return this.indexOf(str) >= 0;
+					  };
+        }
+
       });
 
     </script>
@@ -167,54 +181,11 @@
 
 
         "PROV-RDF":
-          "James Cheney"+
+          "James Cheney "+
           "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF\"><cite>PROV-RDF Mapping </cite></a>"+
           "2012, Working in Progress. "+
           "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF</a>",
 
-        "PROV-XML":
-          "James Cheney "+
-          "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvXML\"><cite>PROV-XML Mapping </cite></a>"+
-          "2012, Working in Progress. "+
-          "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvXML\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvXML</a>",
-
-
-        "PROV-DM":
-          "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Reza B'Far, Stephen Cresswell, Yolanda Gil, Paul Groth, Graham Klyne, Jim McCusker, Simon Miles, James Myers, Satya Sahoo, and Curt Tilmes"+
-          "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</cite></a>. "+
-          "2012, Working Draft. "+
-          "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
-
-        "PROV-CONSTRAINTS":
-          "James Cheney, Paolo Missier, and Luc Moreau (eds.)"+
-          "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/\"><cite>Constraints of the Prov Data Model</cite></a>. "+
-          "2012, Working Draft. "+
-          "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/</a>",
-
-
-        "PROV-SEM":
-          "James Cheney "+
-          "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
-          "2011, Work in progress. "+
-          "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
-
-        "PROV-PRIMER":
-          "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
-          "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
-          "2011, Working Draft. "+
-          "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
-
-        "PROV-O":
-          "Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
-          "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
-          "2011, Working Draft. "+
-          "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
-
-        "PROV-AQ":
-          "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
-          "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
-          "2011, Working Draft. "+
-          "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
 
         "UNICODE" : 
           "The Unicode Consortium. "+
@@ -228,7 +199,7 @@
       };
       var respecConfig = {
           // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
-          specStatus:           "ED",
+          specStatus:           "CR",
           
           // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
           shortName:            "prov-n",
@@ -236,14 +207,14 @@
           // if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
           // formal title, define it here
         //          subtitle   :  "About-to-be-frozen WD4 (for internal release)",
-          subtitle   :  "<a href=\"diff-n.html\">Diffs</a> since LC Release ",
+         //subtitle   :  "<a href=\"diff-n.html\">Diffs</a> since LC Release ",
 
           // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
-          // publishDate:  "2012-07-24",
+          publishDate:  "2012-12-11",
  
           // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
           // the start date here:
-         // copyrightStart: "2011",
+          // copyrightStart: "2011",
  
           // if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
           // and its maturity status
@@ -254,11 +225,11 @@
           edDraftURI:           "http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html",
  
           // if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
-           lcEnd: "2012-09-18",
+           crEnd: "2013-01-31",
  
           // if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
           // it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
-          extraCSS:             ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "./extra.css"],
+          //extraCSS:             ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css"],
  
           // editors, add as many as you like
           // only "name" is required
@@ -299,12 +270,1001 @@
           wgPatentURI:  "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
 
           // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
-          preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
+          preProcess: [addExtraReferences, addProvReferences],
+          postProcess: [checkLinksToW3CReports],
       };
     </script> 
+
+  <style type="text/css">
+/*****************************************************************
+ * ReSpec CSS
+ * Robin Berjon (robin at berjon dot com)
+ * v0.05 - 2009-07-31
+ *****************************************************************/
+
+
+/* --- INLINES --- */
+em.rfc2119 { 
+    text-transform:     lowercase;
+    font-variant:       small-caps;
+    font-style:         normal;
+    color:              #900;
+}
+
+h1 acronym, h2 acronym, h3 acronym, h4 acronym, h5 acronym, h6 acronym, a acronym,
+h1 abbr, h2 abbr, h3 abbr, h4 abbr, h5 abbr, h6 abbr, a abbr {
+    border: none;
+}
+
+dfn {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+}
+
+a.internalDFN {
+    color:  inherit;
+    border-bottom:  1px solid #99c;
+    text-decoration:    none;
+}
+
+a.externalDFN {
+    color:  inherit;
+    border-bottom:  1px dotted #ccc;
+    text-decoration:    none;
+}
+
+a.bibref {
+    text-decoration:    none;
+}
+
+code {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+}
+
+
+/* --- WEB IDL --- */
+pre.idl {
+    border-top: 1px solid #90b8de;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #90b8de;
+    padding:    1em;
+    line-height:    120%;
+}
+
+pre.idl::before {
+    content:    "WebIDL";
+    display:    block;
+    width:      150px;
+    background: #90b8de;
+    color:  #fff;
+    font-family:    initial;
+    padding:    3px;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    margin: -1em 0 1em -1em;
+}
+
+.idlType {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    text-decoration:    none;
+}
+
+/*.idlModule*/
+/*.idlModuleID*/
+/*.idlInterface*/
+.idlInterfaceID, .idlDictionaryID {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+
+.idlSuperclass {
+    font-style: italic;
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+
+/*.idlAttribute*/
+.idlAttrType, .idlFieldType, .idlMemberType {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+.idlAttrName, .idlFieldName, .idlMemberName {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+}
+.idlAttrName a, .idlFieldName a, .idlMemberName a {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+    border-bottom:  1px dotted #ff4500;
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/*.idlMethod*/
+.idlMethType {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+.idlMethName {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+}
+.idlMethName a {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+    border-bottom:  1px dotted #ff4500;
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/*.idlParam*/
+.idlParamType {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+.idlParamName {
+    font-style: italic;
+}
+
+.extAttr {
+    color:  #666;
+}
+
+/*.idlConst*/
+.idlConstType {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+.idlConstName {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+}
+.idlConstName a {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+    border-bottom:  1px dotted #ff4500;
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/*.idlException*/
+.idlExceptionID {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    color:  #c00;
+}
+
+.idlTypedefID, .idlTypedefType {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+
+.idlRaises, .idlRaises a.idlType, .idlRaises a.idlType code, .excName a, .excName a code {
+    color:  #c00;
+    font-weight:    normal;
+}
+
+.excName a {
+    font-family:    monospace;
+}
+
+.idlRaises a.idlType, .excName a.idlType {
+    border-bottom:  1px dotted #c00;
+}
+
+.excGetSetTrue, .excGetSetFalse, .prmNullTrue, .prmNullFalse, .prmOptTrue, .prmOptFalse {
+    width:  45px;
+    text-align: center;
+}
+.excGetSetTrue, .prmNullTrue, .prmOptTrue { color:  #0c0; }
+.excGetSetFalse, .prmNullFalse, .prmOptFalse { color:  #c00; }
+
+.idlImplements a {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+}
+
+dl.attributes, dl.methods, dl.constants, dl.fields, dl.dictionary-members {
+    margin-left:    2em;
+}
+
+.attributes dt, .methods dt, .constants dt, .fields dt, .dictionary-members dt {
+    font-weight:    normal;
+}
+
+.attributes dt code, .methods dt code, .constants dt code, .fields dt code, .dictionary-members dt code {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    color:  #000;
+    font-family:    monospace;
+}
+
+.attributes dt code, .fields dt code, .dictionary-members dt code {
+    background:  #ffffd2;
+}
+
+.attributes dt .idlAttrType code, .fields dt .idlFieldType code, .dictionary-members dt .idlMemberType code {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+    background:  transparent;
+    font-family:    inherit;
+    font-weight:    normal;
+    font-style: italic;
+}
+
+.methods dt code {
+    background:  #d9e6f8;
+}
+
+.constants dt code {
+    background:  #ddffd2;
+}
+
+.attributes dd, .methods dd, .constants dd, .fields dd, .dictionary-members dd {
+    margin-bottom:  1em;
+}
+
+table.parameters, table.exceptions {
+    border-spacing: 0;
+    border-collapse:    collapse;
+    margin: 0.5em 0;
+    width:  100%;
+}
+table.parameters { border-bottom:  1px solid #90b8de; }
+table.exceptions { border-bottom:  1px solid #deb890; }
+
+.parameters th, .exceptions th {
+    color:  #fff;
+    padding:    3px 5px;
+    text-align: left;
+    font-family:    initial;
+    font-weight:    normal;
+    text-shadow:    #666 1px 1px 0;
+}
+.parameters th { background: #90b8de; }
+.exceptions th { background: #deb890; }
+
+.parameters td, .exceptions td {
+    padding:    3px 10px;
+    border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
+    vertical-align: top;
+}
+
+.parameters tr:first-child td, .exceptions tr:first-child td {
+    border-top: none;
+}
+
+.parameters td.prmName, .exceptions td.excName, .exceptions td.excCodeName {
+    width:  100px;
+}
+
+.parameters td.prmType {
+    width:  120px;
+}
+
+table.exceptions table {
+    border-spacing: 0;
+    border-collapse:    collapse;
+    width:  100%;
+}
+
+/* --- TOC --- */
+.toc a {
+    text-decoration:    none;
+}
+
+a .secno {
+    color:  #000;
+}
+
+/* --- TABLE --- */
+table.simple {
+    border-spacing: 0;
+    border-collapse:    collapse;
+    border-bottom:  3px solid #005a9c;
+}
+
+.simple th {
+    background: #005a9c;
+    color:  #fff;
+    padding:    3px 5px;
+    text-align: left;
+}
+
+.simple th[scope="row"] {
+    background: inherit;
+    color:  inherit;
+    border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
+}
+
+.simple td {
+    padding:    3px 10px;
+    border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
+}
+
+.simple tr:nth-child(even) {
+    background: #f0f6ff;
+}
+
+/* --- DL --- */
+.section dd > p:first-child {
+    margin-top: 0;
+}
+
+.section dd > p:last-child {
+    margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+.section dd {
+    margin-bottom:  1em;
+}
+
+.section dl.attrs dd, .section dl.eldef dd {
+    margin-bottom:  0;
+}
+
+/* --- EXAMPLES --- */
+pre.example {
+    border-top: 1px solid #ff4500;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #ff4500;
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin-top: 1em;
+}
+
+pre.example::before {
+    content:    "Example";
+    display:    block;
+    width:      150px;
+    background: #ff4500;
+    color:  #fff;
+    font-family:    initial;
+    padding:    3px;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    margin: -1em 0 1em -1em;
+}
+
+/* --- EDITORIAL NOTES --- */
+.issue {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #ffc;
+}
+
+.issue::before {
+    content:    "Issue";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+.note {
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    padding:    1em;
+    border: 2px solid #cff6d9;
+    background: #e2fff0;
+}
+
+.note::before {
+    content:    "Note";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #cff6d9;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
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   <body> 
-
     <section id="abstract">
 
 <p>
@@ -331,25 +1291,20 @@
     </section> 
 
 <section id="sotd">
-<h4>Last Call</h4>
-<p>
-This is a Last Call Working Draft. The design is not expected to change significantly, going forward, and now is the key time for external review.</p>
-
-
-
-<h4>PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
-This document is part of the PROV family of specifications, a set of specifications defining various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
-interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web.  The specifications are:
+<h4>PROV Family of Documents</h4>
+This document is part of the PROV family of documents, a set of documents defining various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
+interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web.  These documents are:
 <ul>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">PROV-DM</a>, the PROV data model for provenance;</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a>, a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model;</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/">PROV-N</a>, a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption  (this document);</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/">PROV-O</a>, the PROV ontology, an OWL2 ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF;</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/">PROV-AQ</a>, the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance; </li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/">PROV-PRIMER</a>, a primer for the PROV data model.</li>
-<!--<li> PROV-SEM, a formal semantics for the PROV data model;</li>
-<li> PROV-XML, an XML schema for the PROV data model.</li> -->
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/">PROV-OVERVIEW</a> (Note), an overview of the PROV family of documents [[PROV-OVERVIEW]];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/">PROV-PRIMER</a> (Note), a primer for the PROV data model [[PROV-PRIMER]];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/">PROV-O</a> (Recommendation), the PROV ontology, an OWL2 ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF [[!PROV-O]];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/">PROV-DM</a> (Recommendation), the PROV data model for provenance [[!PROV-DM]];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/">PROV-N</a> (Recommendation), a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption  (this document);</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a> (Recommendation), a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model [[!PROV-CONSTRAINTS]];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/">PROV-AQ</a> (Note), the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [[PROV-AQ]]; </li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/">PROV-XML</a> (Note),  an XML schema for the PROV data model [[PROV-XML]].</li>
 </ul>
+
 <h4>How to read the PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
 <ul>
 <li>The primer is the entry point to PROV offering an introduction to the provenance model.</li>
@@ -373,7 +1328,7 @@
 institutions, entities, and activities, involved in producing,
 influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a thing in the world.  Two
 companion specifications respectively define PROV-DM, a data model for
-provenance, allowing provenance descriptions to be expressed  [[PROV-DM]]  and a set of constraints that provenance descriptions are expected to satisfy   [[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]].
+provenance, allowing provenance descriptions to be expressed  [[!PROV-DM]]  and a set of constraints that provenance descriptions are expected to satisfy   [[!PROV-CONSTRAINTS]].
 </p>
 
 <section id="purpose"> 
@@ -387,7 +1342,7 @@
 <ul>
 <li>Technology independence. PROV-N provides a simple syntax that can be mapped to several technologies.
 
-<li>Human readability. PROV-N follows a functional syntax style that is meant to be easily human-readable so it can be used in illustrative examples, such as those presented in the PROV documents suite;
+<li>Human readability. PROV-N follows a functional syntax style that is meant to be easily human-readable so it can be used in illustrative examples, such as those presented in the PROV documents suite
 
 <li>Formality. PROV-N is defined through a formal grammar amenable to be used with parser generators.
 
@@ -652,7 +1607,7 @@
 activity(a2, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, 2011-11-16T16:00:01)
 activity(a1)
 </pre>
-The start and end times for Activity <span class="name">a1</span> are optional. They are specified in the first expression, but not in the second.
+The start and end times for an activity are optional. They are specified in the first expression, but not in the second.
 </div>
 
 <p>The general rule for optionals is that, if <em>none</em> of the optionals are used in the expression, then they are simply omitted, resulting in a simpler expression as in the examples above.</p>
@@ -751,10 +1706,10 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Entity maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-entity">Entity</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-entity">Entity</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#entity.id"><span class='attribute' id="entity.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#entity.attributes"><span class='attribute' id="entity.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#entity.id"><span class='attribute' id="entity.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#entity.attributes"><span class='attribute' id="entity.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
 </table>
 </div>
 
@@ -788,17 +1743,17 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Activity maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-activity">Activity</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-activity">Activity</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#activity.id"><span class='attribute' id="activity.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#activity.startTime"><span class='attribute' id="activity.startTime">startTime</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#activity.endTime"><span class='attribute' id="activity.endTime">endTime</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-
-
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#activity.attributes"><span class='attribute' id="activity.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#activity.id"><span class='attribute' id="activity.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#activity.startTime"><span class='attribute' id="activity.startTime">startTime</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#activity.endTime"><span class='attribute' id="activity.endTime">endTime</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#activity.attributes"><span class='attribute' id="activity.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
 </table>
 </div>
 
@@ -842,15 +1797,15 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Generation maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-wasgeneratedby">Generation</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasgeneratedby">Generation</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#generation.id"><span class='attribute' id="generation.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#generation.entity"><span class='attribute' id="generation.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#generation.activity"><span class='attribute' id="generation.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#generation.time"><span class='attribute' id="generation.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#generation.attributes"><span class='attribute' id="generation.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.id"><span class='attribute' id="generation.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.entity"><span class='attribute' id="generation.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.activity"><span class='attribute' id="generation.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.time"><span class='attribute' id="generation.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.attributes"><span class='attribute' id="generation.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
 </table>
 </div>
 
@@ -877,7 +1832,7 @@
 <p>Additional semantic rules (<a href="#semantic-rules-summary">Section 3.7.5</a>) apply to <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-generationExpression">generationExpression</a></code>.</p>
 
 <!--
-<p><strong>Note:</strong> Even though the production  allows for expressions <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2, -, -)</span>  and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(-; e2, -, -)</span>, these expressions are not valid in PROV-N, since at least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#generation.id"><span class='attribute'>id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#generation.activity"><span class='attribute'>activity</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#generation.time"><span class='attribute'>time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#generation.attributes"><span class='attribute'>attributes</span></a> MUST be present.</p>
+<p><strong>Note:</strong> Even though the production  allows for expressions <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2, -, -)</span>  and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(-; e2, -, -)</span>, these expressions are not valid in PROV-N, since at least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.id"><span class='attribute'>id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.activity"><span class='attribute'>activity</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.time"><span class='attribute'>time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.attributes"><span class='attribute'>attributes</span></a> MUST be present.</p>
 -->
 
 
@@ -896,15 +1851,15 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Usage maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-used">Usage</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-used">Usage</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#usage.id"><span class='attribute' id="usage.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#usage.activity"><span class='attribute' id="usage.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#usage.entity"><span class='attribute' id="usage.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#usage.time"><span class='attribute' id="usage.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#usage.attributes"><span class='attribute' id="usage.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.id"><span class='attribute' id="usage.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.activity"><span class='attribute' id="usage.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.entity"><span class='attribute' id="usage.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.time"><span class='attribute' id="usage.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.attributes"><span class='attribute' id="usage.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
 </table>
 </div>
 
@@ -945,12 +1900,12 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Communication maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-wasinformedby">Communication</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasinformedby">Communication</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#communication.id"><span class='attribute' id="communication.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#communication.informed"><span class='attribute' id="communication.informed">informed</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#communication.informant"><span class='attribute' id="communication.informant">informant</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#communication.attributes"><span class='attribute' id="communication.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#communication.id"><span class='attribute' id="communication.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#communication.informed"><span class='attribute' id="communication.informed">informed</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#communication.informant"><span class='attribute' id="communication.informant">informant</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#communication.attributes"><span class='attribute' id="communication.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
 </table>
 </div>
 
@@ -987,17 +1942,17 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Start maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-wasstartedby">Start</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasstartedby">Start</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#start.id"><span class='attribute' id="start.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#start.activity"><span class='attribute' id="start.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#start.trigger"><span class='attribute' id="start.trigger">trigger</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#start.starter"><span class='attribute' id="start.starter">starter</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#start.time"><span class='attribute' id="start.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#start.attributes"><span class='attribute' id="start.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.id"><span class='attribute' id="start.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.activity"><span class='attribute' id="start.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.trigger"><span class='attribute' id="start.trigger">trigger</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.starter"><span class='attribute' id="start.starter">starter</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.time"><span class='attribute' id="start.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.attributes"><span class='attribute' id="start.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
 </table>
 </div>
 
@@ -1006,9 +1961,9 @@
 <div class="anexample">
 
   <pre class="codeexample">
-wasStartedBy(s; ex:act2, ex:trigger, ex:act1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:param="a"])
+wasStartedBy(start; ex:act2, ex:trigger, ex:act1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:param="a"])
   </pre>
-  <p>Here <span class="name">s</span> is the optional start identifier,  <span class="name">ex:act2</span> is the identifier of the started activity,
+  <p>Here <span class="name">start</span> is the optional start identifier,  <span class="name">ex:act2</span> is the identifier of the started activity,
   <span class="name">ex:trigger</span> is the optional identifier for the entity that triggered the activity start,
    <span class="name">ex:act1</span> is the optional identifier for the activity that generated the (possibly unspecified) entity   <span class="name">ex:trigger</span>,
  <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> is the optional start time, and <span class="name"> [ex:param="a"]</span> are optional attributes.</p>
@@ -1019,7 +1974,7 @@
 wasStartedBy(ex:act2, -, ex:act1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
 wasStartedBy(ex:act2, -, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
 wasStartedBy(ex:act2, [ex:param="a"])
-wasStartedBy(s; ex:act2, e, ex:act1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasStartedBy(start; ex:act2, e, ex:act1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
 </pre>
 </div>
 
@@ -1040,17 +1995,17 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM End maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-wasendedby">End</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasendedby">End</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#end.id"><span class='attribute' id="end.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#end.activity"><span class='attribute' id="end.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#end.trigger"><span class='attribute' id="end.trigger">trigger</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#end.ender"><span class='attribute' id="end.ender">ender</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#end.time"><span class='attribute' id="end.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#end.attributes"><span class='attribute' id="end.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.id"><span class='attribute' id="end.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.activity"><span class='attribute' id="end.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.trigger"><span class='attribute' id="end.trigger">trigger</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.ender"><span class='attribute' id="end.ender">ender</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.time"><span class='attribute' id="end.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.attributes"><span class='attribute' id="end.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
 </table>
 </div>
 
@@ -1058,12 +2013,12 @@
 <div class="anexample">
 
     <pre class="codeexample">
-wasEndedBy(s; ex:act2, ex:trigger,ex:act3,  2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:param="a"])
+wasEndedBy(end; ex:act2, ex:trigger,ex:act3,  2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:param="a"])
   </pre>
-<p>  Here <span class="name">s</span> is the optional start identifier,  
+<p>  Here <span class="name">end</span> is the optional end identifier,  
 <span class="name">ex:act2</span> is the identifier of the ending activity,
   <span class="name">ex:trigger</span> is the identifier of the entity that triggered the activity end,
-  <span class="name">ex:act3</span> is the optional identifier for the activity that generated the (possibly unspecified) entity   <span class="name">e</span>,
+  <span class="name">ex:act3</span> is the optional identifier for the activity that generated the (possibly unspecified) entity   <span class="name">ex:trigger</span>,
  <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> is the optional usage time, and <span class="name"> [ex:param="a"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
 The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
 
@@ -1073,8 +2028,8 @@
 wasEndedBy(ex:act2, ex:trigger, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
 wasEndedBy(ex:act2, -, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
 wasEndedBy(ex:act2, -, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:param="a"])
-wasEndedBy(e; ex:act2)
-wasEndedBy(e; ex:act2, ex:trigger, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasEndedBy(end; ex:act2)
+wasEndedBy(end; ex:act2, ex:trigger, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
 </pre>
 </div>
 
@@ -1100,24 +2055,24 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Invalidation maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-wasinvalidatedby">Invalidation</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasinvalidatedby">Invalidation</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#invalidation.id"><span class='attribute' id="invalidation.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#invalidation.entity"><span class='attribute' id="invalidation.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#invalidation.activity"><span class='attribute' id="invalidation.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#invalidation.time"><span class='attribute' id="invalidation.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#invalidation.attributes"><span class='attribute' id="invalidation.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.id"><span class='attribute' id="invalidation.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.entity"><span class='attribute' id="invalidation.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.activity"><span class='attribute' id="invalidation.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.time"><span class='attribute' id="invalidation.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.attributes"><span class='attribute' id="invalidation.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
 </table>
 </div>
 
 <div class="anexample">
 
 <pre class="codeexample">
-wasInvalidatedBy(ex:i1; tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00,  [ex:fct="save"])
+wasInvalidatedBy(ex:inv; tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00,  [ex:fct="save"])
 </pre>
-<p>  Here <span class="name">ex:i1</span> is the optional invalidation identifier, <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is the identifier of the entity being invalidated,
+<p>  Here <span class="name">ex:inv</span> is the optional invalidation identifier, <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is the identifier of the entity being invalidated,
   <span class="name">ex:edit1</span> is the optional identifier of the invalidating activity, <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> is the optional invalidation time, and <span class="name"> [ex:fct="save"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
 The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
   
@@ -1126,7 +2081,7 @@
 wasInvalidatedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
 wasInvalidatedBy(e2, a1, -, [ex:fct="save"])     
 wasInvalidatedBy(e2, -, -, [ex:fct="save"])     
-wasInvalidatedBy(ex:i1; tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
+wasInvalidatedBy(ex:inv; tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
 wasInvalidatedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
 </pre>
 </div>
@@ -1154,25 +2109,25 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Derivation maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-wasderivedfrom">Derivation</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasderivedfrom">Derivation</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
 
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#derivation.id"><span class='attribute' id="derivation.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#derivation.generatedEntity"><span class='attribute' id="derivation.generatedEntity">generatedEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#derivation.usedEntity"><span class='attribute' id="derivation.usedEntity">usedEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#derivation.activity"><span class='attribute' id="derivation.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#derivation.generation"><span class='attribute' id="derivation.generation">generation</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-gIdentifierOrMarker">gIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#derivation.usage"><span class='attribute' id="derivation.usage">usage</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-uIdentifierOrMarker">uIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#derivation.attributes"><span class='attribute' id="derivation.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#derivation.id"><span class='attribute' id="derivation.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#derivation.generatedEntity"><span class='attribute' id="derivation.generatedEntity">generatedEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#derivation.usedEntity"><span class='attribute' id="derivation.usedEntity">usedEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#derivation.activity"><span class='attribute' id="derivation.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#derivation.generation"><span class='attribute' id="derivation.generation">generation</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-gIdentifierOrMarker">gIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#derivation.usage"><span class='attribute' id="derivation.usage">usage</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-uIdentifierOrMarker">uIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#derivation.attributes"><span class='attribute' id="derivation.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
 </table>
 </div>
 
@@ -1268,7 +2223,7 @@
 
 <div class="anexample">
     <pre class="codeexample">
-wasDerivedFrom(src1;  ex:e1, ex:e2, ex:act, ex:g, ex:u, 
+wasDerivedFrom(sourceId1;  ex:e1, ex:e2, ex:act, ex:g, ex:u, 
                [ prov:type='prov:PrimarySource' ])
 </pre>
 <p>Here, the derivation is provided with a <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute and value <span class="name">prov:PrimarySource</span>.
@@ -1307,10 +2262,10 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Agent maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-agent">Agent</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-agent">Agent</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#agent.id"><span class='attribute' id="agent.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#agent.attributes"><span class='attribute' id="agent.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#agent.id"><span class='attribute' id="agent.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#agent.attributes"><span class='attribute' id="agent.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
 </table>
 </div>
 
@@ -1351,14 +2306,14 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Attribution maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-wasattributedto">Attribution</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasattributedto">Attribution</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#attribution.id"><span class='attribute' id="attribution.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#attribution.entity"><span class='attribute' id="attribution.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#attribution.agent"><span class='attribute' id="attribution.agent">agent</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier">agIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#attribution.attributes"><span class='attribute' id="attribution.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#attribution.id"><span class='attribute' id="attribution.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#attribution.entity"><span class='attribute' id="attribution.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#attribution.agent"><span class='attribute' id="attribution.agent">agent</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier">agIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#attribution.attributes"><span class='attribute' id="attribution.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
 </table>
 </div>
 
@@ -1367,9 +2322,9 @@
 <div class="anexample">
 
 <pre class="codeexample">
-wasAttributedTo(id; e, ag, [ex:license='cc:attributionURL' ])
+wasAttributedTo(attr; e, ag, [ex:license='cc:attributionURL' ])
   </pre>
-<p>    Here <span class="name">id</span> is the optional attribution identifier,  <span class="name">e</span> is an entity identifier,
+<p>    Here <span class="name">attr</span> is the optional attribution identifier,  <span class="name">e</span> is an entity identifier,
   <span class="name">ag</span> is the identifier of the agent to whom the entity is abscribed, 
 and <span class="name">[ex:license='cc:attributionURL' ]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
 The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
@@ -1397,19 +2352,19 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Association maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-wasassociatedwith">Association</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasassociatedwith">Association</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
 
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#association.id"><span class='attribute' id="association.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#association.activity"><span class='attribute' id="association.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#association.agent"><span class='attribute' id="association.agent">agent</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifierOrMarker">agIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#association.plan"><span class='attribute' id="association.plan">plan</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#association.attributes"><span class='attribute' id="association.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.id"><span class='attribute' id="association.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.activity"><span class='attribute' id="association.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.agent"><span class='attribute' id="association.agent">agent</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifierOrMarker">agIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.plan"><span class='attribute' id="association.plan">plan</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.attributes"><span class='attribute' id="association.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
 </table>
 </div>
 
@@ -1421,10 +2376,10 @@
 
 <div class="anexample">
 <pre class="codeexample">
-wasAssociatedWith(ex:agas; ex:a1, ex:ag1, ex:e1, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:assoc; ex:a1, ex:ag1, ex:e1, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
   </pre>
 
-<p>  Here <span class="name">ex:agas</span> is the optional attribution identifier,
+<p>  Here <span class="name">ex:assoc</span> is the optional attribution identifier,
   <span class="name">ex:a1</span> is an activity identifier,
   <span class="name">ex:ag1</span> is the optional identifier of the agent associated to the activity,
   <span class="name">ex:e1</span> is the optional identifier of the plan used by the agent in the context of the activity,
@@ -1445,10 +2400,19 @@
 
 <p>Additional semantic rules (<a href="#semantic-rules-summary">Section 3.7.5</a>) apply to <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-associationExpression">associationExpression</a></code>.</p>
 
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The  following expressions illustrates a plan.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+  entity(ex:pl1,   [ prov:type='prov:Plan' ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
 <!--
 <p><strong>Note:</strong>The production <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-associationExpression">associationExpression</a></code> allows for expressions <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a, -, -)</span>  and <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(-; a, -, -)</span>. However, these expressions are not valid in PROV-N, 
 since
-at least one of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#association.id"><span class='attribute'>id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#association.agent"><span class='attribute'>agent</span></a>,  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#association.plan"><span class='attribute'>plan</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#association.attributes"><span class='attribute'>attributes</span></a>  MUST be present.</p>
+at least one of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.id"><span class='attribute'>id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.agent"><span class='attribute'>agent</span></a>,  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.plan"><span class='attribute'>plan</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.attributes"><span class='attribute'>attributes</span></a>  MUST be present.</p>
 -->
 
 </section>
@@ -1465,20 +2429,20 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Delegation maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-actedonbehalfof">Delegation</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-actedonbehalfof">Delegation</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
 
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#delegation.id"><span class='attribute' id="delegation.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#delegation.delegate"><span class='attribute' id="delegation.delegate">delegate</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier">agIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#delegation.responsible"><span class='attribute' id="delegation.responsible">responsible</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier">agIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#delegation.activity"><span class='attribute' id="delegation.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
-
-
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#delegation.attributes"><span class='attribute' id="delegation.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#delegation.id"><span class='attribute' id="delegation.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#delegation.delegate"><span class='attribute' id="delegation.delegate">delegate</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier">agIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#delegation.responsible"><span class='attribute' id="delegation.responsible">responsible</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier">agIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#delegation.activity"><span class='attribute' id="delegation.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#delegation.attributes"><span class='attribute' id="delegation.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
 </table>
 </div>
 
@@ -1502,7 +2466,7 @@
 actedOnBehalfOf(ag1, ag2, a)
 actedOnBehalfOf(ag1, ag2, -, [prov:type="delegation"])
 actedOnBehalfOf(ag2, ag3, a, [prov:type="contract"])
-actedOnBehalfOf(r; ag2, ag3, a, [prov:type="contract"])
+actedOnBehalfOf(del1; ag2, ag3, a, [prov:type="contract"])
 </pre>
 </div>
 
@@ -1521,26 +2485,26 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Influence maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-wasinfluencedby">Influence</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasinfluencedby">Influence</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
 
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#influence.id"><span class='attribute' id="influence.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#influence.influencee"><span class='attribute' id="influence.influencee">influencee</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#influence.influencer"><span class='attribute' id="influence.influencer">influencer</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#influence.attributes"><span class='attribute' id="influence.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#influence.id"><span class='attribute' id="influence.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#influence.influencee"><span class='attribute' id="influence.influencee">influencee</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#influence.influencer"><span class='attribute' id="influence.influencer">influencer</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#influence.attributes"><span class='attribute' id="influence.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
 </table>
 </div>
 
 
 <div class="anexample">
     <pre class="codeexample">
-wasInfluencedBy(id;e2,e1,[ex:param="a"])
+wasInfluencedBy(infl1;e2,e1,[ex:param="a"])
   </pre>
-<p>  Here
-    <span class="name">id</span> is the optional influence identifier,
+<p>  Here,
+    <span class="name">infl1</span> is the optional influence identifier,
   <span class="name">e2</span> is an entity identifier,
   <span class="name">e1</span> is the identifier for an ancestor entity that   <span class="name">e2</span> is influenced by,
   and <span class="name">[ex:param="a"]</span> is the optional set of attributes. </p>
@@ -1550,7 +2514,7 @@
   <pre class="codeexample">
 wasInfluencedBy(e2,e1)
 wasInfluencedBy(e2,e1,[ex:param="a"])
-wasInfluencedBy(id; e2,e1)
+wasInfluencedBy(infl1; e2,e1)
 </pre>
 </div>
 
@@ -1568,29 +2532,29 @@
 <tbody class="grammar-ref" data-ref="prod-bundle"></tbody>
 </table>
 
-<p>Bundles cannot be nested because <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle">bundle</a></code> is not an <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></code>, and therefore cannot occur inside another <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle">bundle</a></code>.</p>
-
-<p>Each identifier occuring in a bundle, including the bundle identifier itself, MUST be interpreted with respect to the namespace declarations of that bundle, or if the identifier's prefix is not declared in the bundle, with respect to the namespace declaration in the document. </p>
+<p>Bundles cannot be nested because a <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle">bundle</a></code> is not an <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></code>, and therefore cannot occur inside another <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle">bundle</a></code>.</p>
+
+<p>Each identifier occuring in a bundle, including the bundle identifier itself, MUST be interpreted with respect to the namespace declarations of that bundle, or if the identifier's prefix is not declared in the bundle, with respect to the namespace declarations in the document. </p>
 
 
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM bundle maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-bundle-constructor">Bundle</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-bundle-constructor">Bundle</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
 
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#bundle.constructor.id"><span class='attribute' id="bundle.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#bundle.constructor.descriptions"><span class='attribute' id="bundle.descriptions">descriptions</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-namespaceDeclaration"><span class='attribute' id="namespaceDeclaration">namespaceDeclaration</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclarations">namespaceDeclarations</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#bundle.constructor.id"><span class='attribute' id="bundle.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#bundle.constructor.descriptions"><span class='attribute' id="bundle.descriptions">descriptions</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-namespaceDeclaration"><span class='attribute' id="namespaceDeclaration">namespaceDeclaration</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclarations">namespaceDeclarations</a></code></td></tr>
 
 
 </table>
 </div>
 
 
-<div class="anexample">
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-bundle1">
     <pre class="codeexample">
 bundle ex:author-view
   prefix ex  &lt;http://example.org/&gt;
@@ -1613,9 +2577,15 @@
 <h4>Bundle Type</h4>
 
 <p id="provn-type-Bundle">
-When described, a Bundle MUST be expressed as an
-<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-entityExpression">entityExpression</a></code> with attribute <code>prov:type='prov:Bundle'</code>.</p>
-
+When described, a Bundle MUST be expressed as an <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-entityExpression">entityExpression</a></code> with attribute <code>prov:type='prov:Bundle'</code>.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The bundle of
+<a href="#anexample-bundle1" class="anexample-ref"><span>Example REF</span></a> can be referred to as an an entity, and its provenance described.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+  entity(ex:author-view,   [ prov:type='prov:Bundle' ])
+</pre>
+</div>
 </section>
 </section>
 
@@ -1646,14 +2616,14 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Alternate maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-alternateof">Alternate</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-alternateof">Alternate</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
 
 
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#alternate.alternate1"><span class='attribute' id="alternate.alternate1">alternate1</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#alternate.alternate2"><span class='attribute' id="alternate.alternate2">alternate2</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#alternate.alternate1"><span class='attribute' id="alternate.alternate1">alternate1</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#alternate.alternate2"><span class='attribute' id="alternate.alternate2">alternate2</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
 
 </table>
 </div>
@@ -1680,14 +2650,14 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Specialization maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-specializationof">Specialization</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-specializationof">Specialization</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
 
 
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#specialization.specificEntity"><span class='attribute' id="specialization.specificEntity">specificEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#specialization.generalEntity"><span class='attribute' id="specialization.generalEntity">generalEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#specialization.specificEntity"><span class='attribute' id="specialization.specificEntity">specificEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#specialization.generalEntity"><span class='attribute' id="specialization.generalEntity">generalEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
 
 </table>
 </div>
@@ -1725,6 +2695,16 @@
 <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-entityExpression">entityExpression</a></code> with attribute 
 <span  id="provn-type-Collection"><code>prov:type='prov:Collection'</code></span>, or
 <span  id="provn-type-EmptyCollection"><code>prov:type='prov:EmptyCollection'</code></span>, respectively.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The  following two expressions are about a collection and an empty collection, respectively.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+  entity(ex:col1,   [ prov:type='prov:Collection' ])
+  entity(ex:col2,   [ prov:type='prov:EmptyCollection' ])
+</pre>
+</div>
 </section>
 
 
@@ -1741,13 +2721,13 @@
 <p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Membership maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
 <div style="text-align: left; ">
 <table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-hadmember">Membership</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-hadmember">Membership</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
 
 
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#membership.collection"><span class='attribute' id="membership.collection">collection</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-cIdentifier">cIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#membership.entity"><span class='attribute' id="membership.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#membership.collection"><span class='attribute' id="membership.collection">collection</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-cIdentifier">cIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#membership.entity"><span class='attribute' id="membership.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
 </table>
 </div>
 
@@ -1854,7 +2834,7 @@
 ',' (comma),
 ':' (colon),
 ';' (semi-colon),   
-'"' (double quote),
+'"' (double quote),  <!-- " -->
 '[' (left square bracket),
 ']' (right square bracket) are used by the PROV notation as delimiters, they are not allowed in local parts. 
 Instead, among those characters, those that are permitted in SPARQL
@@ -1958,15 +2938,15 @@
 
 
 <p>The  reserved attributes in the PROV namespace are the following.
-Their meaning is explained by [[PROV-DM]] (see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#term-attribute">Section 5.7.2: Attribute</a>).
+Their meaning is explained by [[PROV-DM]] (see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute">Section 5.7.2: Attribute</a>).
 </p>
 
 <ol>
-<li>  <span class="name">prov:label</span>
-<li>  <span class="name">prov:location</span>
-<li>  <span class="name">prov:role</span>
-<li>  <span class="name">prov:type</span>
-<li>  <span class="name">prov:value</span>
+<li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute-label"><span class="name">prov:label</span></a>
+<li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute-location"><span class="name">prov:location</span></a>
+<li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute-role"><span class="name">prov:role</span></a>
+<li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute-type"><span class="name">prov:type</span></a>
+<li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute-value"><span class="name">prov:value</span></a>
 </ol>
 
 
@@ -2003,7 +2983,7 @@
 <tbody class="grammar-ref" data-ref="prod-QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL"></tbody>
 </table>
 
-<p>In production <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-datatype">datatype</a></code>, the <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code> is used to denote a <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#term-value">PROV data type</a> [[PROV-DM]].
+<p>In production <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-datatype">datatype</a></code>, the <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code> is used to denote a <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-value">PROV data type</a> [[PROV-DM]].
 
 
 <p>The non terminals
@@ -2055,13 +3035,18 @@
 
 <div class="anexample" id="anexample-value">
 <p>
-The following examples respectively are the string "abc", the string (in French) "bonjour", the integer number 1, and the IRI "http://example.org/foo".
+The following examples respectively are the string "abc", the string (in French) "bonjour", the integer number 1, and the IRI "http://example.org/foo".</p>
 <pre class="codeexample">
   "abc"
   "bonjour"@fr
   "1" %% xsd:integer
   "http://example.org/foo" %% xsd:anyURI
 </pre>
+<p>The following examples respectively are the floating point number 1.01 and the boolean true.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+  "1.01" %% xsd:float
+  "true" %% xsd:boolean
+</pre>
 </div>
 
 
@@ -2070,20 +3055,20 @@
 <h4>Reserved Type Values</h4>
 
 <p>The  reserved type values in the PROV namespace are the following.
-Their meaning is defined [[PROV-DM]] (see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#term-attribute-type">Section 5.7.2.4: prov:type</a>).
+Their meaning is defined [[PROV-DM]] (see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute-type">Section 5.7.2.4: prov:type</a>).
 </p>
 
 <ol>
-<li>  <span class="name">prov:Bundle</span>
-<li>  <span class="name">prov:Collection</span>
-<li>  <span class="name">prov:EmptyCollection</span>
-<li>  <span class="name">prov:Organization</span>
-<li>  <span class="name">prov:Person</span>
-<li>  <span class="name">prov:Plan</span>
-<li>  <span class="name">prov:PrimarySource</span>
-<li>  <span class="name">prov:Quotation</span>
-<li>  <span class="name">prov:Revision</span>
-<li>  <span class="name">prov:SoftwareAgent</span>
+<li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-bundle-entity"><span class="name">prov:Bundle</span></a>
+<li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#concept-collection"><span class="name">prov:Collection</span></a>
+<li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#concept-empty-collection"><span class="name">prov:EmptyCollection</span></a>
+<li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#concept-organization"><span class="name">prov:Organization</span></a>
+<li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#concept-person"><span class="name">prov:Person</span></a>
+<li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#concept-plan"><span class="name">prov:Plan</span></a>
+<li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-primary-source"><span class="name">prov:PrimarySource</span></a>
+<li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-quotation"><span class="name">prov:Quotation</span></a>
+<li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-revision"><span class="name">prov:Revision</span></a>
+<li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#concept-software-agent"><span class="name">prov:SoftwareAgent</span></a>
 </ol>
 
 <div class="anexample" id="anexample-types">
@@ -2147,7 +3132,7 @@
 <li> 
 The scope of a prefix-namespace declaration directly occurring in a <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle">bundle</a></code> is the <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle">bundle</a></code> itself.</li>
 <li>
-The scope of a prefix-namespace declaration directly occurring in a <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-document">document</a></code> is the <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-document">document</a></code> including the <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle">bundles</a></code> it contains but excluding those <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle">bundles</a></code> that redeclare this prefix-namespace pair.</li>
+The scope of a prefix-namespace declaration directly occurring in a <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-document">document</a></code> is the <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-document">document</a></code> including the <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle">bundles</a></code> it contains but excluding those <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle">bundles</a></code> that redeclare this prefix.</li>
 </ul>
 
 <p>A set of namespace declarations <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclarations">namespaceDeclarations</a></code> MUST NOT re-declare the same prefix.</p>
@@ -2176,7 +3161,7 @@
 <code>e001</code> directly occurring in the document refers to that namespace.
 A nested bundle also declares a default namespace, but with a different IRI.
 In that  bundle, the occurrences of
-<code>e001</code>, including for the bundle name, refer to the latest default namespace.</p>
+<code>e001</code>, including the bundle name, refer to the latest default namespace.</p>
 <pre class="codeexample">
 document
   default &lt;http://example.org/1/&gt;
@@ -2233,34 +3218,34 @@
 <tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
 <tr><td><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-generationExpression">Generation expression</a></td>
     <td><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2, -, -)</span><br/><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(-; e2, -, -)</span></td>
-    <td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#generation.id"><span class='attribute'>id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#generation.activity"><span class='attribute'>activity</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#generation.time"><span class='attribute'>time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#generation.attributes"><span class='attribute'>attributes</span></a> MUST be present.</td>  
+    <td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.id"><span class='attribute'>id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.activity"><span class='attribute'>activity</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.time"><span class='attribute'>time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.attributes"><span class='attribute'>attributes</span></a> MUST be present.</td>  
 </tr>
 <tr><td><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-usageExpression">Usage expression</a></td>
 <td><span class="name">used(a2, -, -)</span><br/><span class="name">used(-; a2, -, -)</span></td>
-<td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#usage.id"><span class='attribute'>id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#usage.entity"><span class='attribute'>entity</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#usage.time"><span class='attribute'>time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#usage.attributes"><span class='attribute'>attributes</span></a> MUST be present</td>
+<td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.id"><span class='attribute'>id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.entity"><span class='attribute'>entity</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.time"><span class='attribute'>time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.attributes"><span class='attribute'>attributes</span></a> MUST be present</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-startExpression">Start expression</a></td>
 <td> <span class="name">wasStartedBy(e2, -, -, -)</span><br/><span class="name">wasStartedBy(-; e2, -, -, -)</span></td>
-<td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#start.id"><span class='attribute'>id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#start.trigger"><span class='attribute'>trigger</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#start.starter"><span class='attribute'>starter</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#start.time"><span class='attribute'>time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#start.attributes"><span class='attribute'>attributes</span></a> MUST be present</td>
+<td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.id"><span class='attribute'>id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.trigger"><span class='attribute'>trigger</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.starter"><span class='attribute'>starter</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.time"><span class='attribute'>time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.attributes"><span class='attribute'>attributes</span></a> MUST be present</td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr>
 <td><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-endExpression">End expression</a></td>
 <td><span class="name">wasEndedBy(e2, -, -, -)</span><br/><span class="name">wasEndedBy(-; e2, -, -, -)</span></td>
-<td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#end.id"><span class='attribute'>id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#end.trigger"><span class='attribute'>trigger</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#end.ender"><span class='attribute'>ender</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#end.time"><span class='attribute'>time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#end.attributes"><span class='attribute'>attributes</span></a> MUST be present</td>
+<td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.id"><span class='attribute'>id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.trigger"><span class='attribute'>trigger</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.ender"><span class='attribute'>ender</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.time"><span class='attribute'>time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.attributes"><span class='attribute'>attributes</span></a> MUST be present</td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr>
 <td><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-invalidationExpression">Invalidation expression</a></td>
 <td><span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(e2, -, -)</span>  <br/><span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(-; e2, -, -)</span></td>
-<td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#invalidation.id"><span class='attribute'>id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#invalidation.activity"><span class='attribute'>activity</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#invalidation.time"><span class='attribute'>time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#invalidation.attributes"><span class='attribute'>attributes</span></a> MUST be present</td>
+<td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.id"><span class='attribute'>id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.activity"><span class='attribute'>activity</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.time"><span class='attribute'>time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.attributes"><span class='attribute'>attributes</span></a> MUST be present</td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr>
 <td><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-associationExpression">Association expression</a></td>
 <td><span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a, -, -)</span> <br/><span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(-; a, -, -)</span></td>
-<td>At least one of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#association.id"><span class='attribute'>id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#association.agent"><span class='attribute'>agent</span></a>,  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#association.plan"><span class='attribute'>plan</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#association.attributes"><span class='attribute'>attributes</span></a>  MUST be present</td>
+<td>At least one of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.id"><span class='attribute'>id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.agent"><span class='attribute'>agent</span></a>,  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.plan"><span class='attribute'>plan</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.attributes"><span class='attribute'>attributes</span></a>  MUST be present</td>
 </tr>
 
 </table>
@@ -2298,9 +3283,9 @@
 <p>A document contains:
 <ul>
 <li><em>namespaceDeclarations</em>: a set of namespace declarations <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclarations">namespaceDeclarations</a></code>, declaring namespaces and associated prefixes, which can be used in <a
-title="attribute">attributes</a> and  <a title="identifier">identifiers</a> occurring inside  <span class="name">exprs</span>;</li>
-<li><em>expressions</em>:  a set of expressions matching <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></code>;</li>
-<li><em>bundles</em>:  a  set of
+title="attribute">attributes</a> and  <a title="identifier">identifiers</a> occurring inside  <em>expressions</em> or <em>bundles</em>;</li>
+<li><em>expressions</em>:  a set of expressions, each matching <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></code>;</li>
+<li><em>bundles</em>:  a  set of expressions, each matching
 <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle">bundle</a></code>.</li>
 </ul>
 
@@ -2346,7 +3331,7 @@
  href="#prod-extensibilityExpression">extensibilityExpression</a></code> production defined below.
 <li> As PROV provides no definition for these expressions, PROV compliant implementations 
  MAY ignore these expressions.</li>
-<li> Extensions to PROV and PROV-N MAY specify more specific productions and interpretations for these expressions, which applications MAY adopt to follow. </li>
+<li> Extensions to PROV and PROV-N MAY specify more specific productions and interpretations for these expressions, which applications MAY elect to follow. </li>
 </ul>
 
 
@@ -2371,14 +3356,14 @@
 <a href="#component6">Collections</a> are sets of entities, whose membership can be expressed using the <span class="name">hadMember</span> relation.  The following example shows how one can express membership for <em>dictionaries</em>, an illustrative extension of Collections consisting of sets of key-entity pairs, where a key is a <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-literal">literal</a></code>. The notation is a variation of that used for Collections membership, allowing multiple member elements to be declared, and in which the elements are pairs. The name of the relation is qualified with the extension-specific namespace <span class="name">http://example.org/dictionaries</span>.
 </p>
 <pre class="codeexample">
-  prefix dictExt &lt;http://example.org/dictionaries&gt;
+  prefix dictExt &lt;http://example.org/dictionaries#&gt;
   dictExt:hadMembers(mId; d, {("k1",e1), ("k2",e2), ("k3",e3)}, []) 
 </pre>
 
 Note that the generic <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef"
  href="#prod-extensibilityExpression">extensibilityExpression</a></code> production  above allows for alternative notations to be used for expressing membership, if the designers of the extensions so desire. Here is an alternate syntax that is consistent with the productions:
 <pre class="codeexample">
-  prefix dictExt &lt;http://example.org/dictionaries&gt;
+  prefix dictExt &lt;http://example.org/dictionaries#&gt;
   dictExt:hadMembers(mid; d, dictExt:set(dictExt:pair("k1",e1), 
                                          dictExt:pair("k2",e2), 
                                          dictExt:pair("k3",e3)), 
@@ -2412,7 +3397,7 @@
     <p>The Internet Media Type / MIME Type for PROV-N is &quot;text/provenance-notation&quot;.</p> 
     <p>It is recommended that PROV-N files have the extension &quot;.provn&quot; (all lowercase) on all platforms.</p> 
     <p>It is recommended that PROV-N files stored on Macintosh HFS file systems be given a file type of &quot;TEXT&quot;.</p> 
-    <p>This information that follows has been <a href="TBD">submitted to the IESG</a> for review, approval, and registration with IANA.</p> 
+    <p>The information that follows has been <a href="TBD">submitted to the IESG</a> for review, approval, and registration with IANA.</p> 
     <dl> 
       <dt>Type name:</dt> 
       <dd>text</dd> 
@@ -2452,7 +3437,7 @@
       <dd>There are no known interoperability issues.</dd> 
       <dt>Published specification:</dt> 
       <dd>PROV-N: The Provenance Notation, Moreau, Missier, (eds), Cheney, Soiland-Reyes
-      <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a></dd> 
+      <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a>, 2012.</dd> 
       <dt>Applications which use this media type:</dt> 
       <dd>It may be used by any application for publishing provenance information. This format is designed to be a human-readable form of provenance. </dd> 
       <dt>Additional information:</dt> 
@@ -2501,6 +3486,7 @@
 <li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/573">ISSUE-573</a>: Updated Media Type section. 
 <li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/589">ISSUE-589</a>: Updated scoping rule for prefix-namespace declaration. Also refrained from saying bundles are self-contained. 
 <li> Moved feature at Risk mention into a separate note.
+<li> Editorial's pass pre-publication.
 </ul>
 </section>
 
@@ -2512,6 +3498,21 @@
       </p> 
 
 <p>
+The editors acknowledge valuable contributions from the following:
+David Booth,
+Robert Freimuth,
+Satrajit Ghosh,
+Ralph Hodgson,
+Renato Iannella,
+Jacek Kopecky,
+James Leigh,
+Jacco van Ossenbruggen,
+Alan Ruttenberg,
+Reza Samavi, and
+Antoine Zimmermann.
+</p>
+
+<p>
 Members of the PROV Working Group at the time of publication of this document were:
 
 Ilkay Altintas (Invited expert),
--- a/model/provbib.js	Mon Nov 19 16:15:37 2012 +0000
+++ b/model/provbib.js	Mon Nov 19 16:16:15 2012 +0000
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-dc-20121211",
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211",
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-mention-20121211",
-	       "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman"];
+	       "http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman",
+	       "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/" ];
 
 var provReferences = {
 
@@ -92,3 +93,20 @@
 
 }
 
+function checkLinksToW3CReports () {
+    $('a').each(function(index) {
+        var myRef=$(this).attr('href');
+        if (myRef!=undefined) {
+            if (myRef.startsWith('http') && myRef.contains('prov-')) {
+                var check=false;
+                for (var k in provURLs) {
+                    if (myRef.startsWith(provURLs[k])) { check=true; }
+                }
+                if (!check) {
+                    console.log( "links " +  myRef);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    })
+}
+
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/releases/CR-prov-dm-20121211/Overview.html	Mon Nov 19 16:16:15 2012 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,4246 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN' 'http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd'>
+<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
+<head> 
+    <title>PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</title> 
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> 
+    <!-- 
+      === NOTA BENE ===
+      For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
+      out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
+     -->
+
+<!-- see http://www.somacon.com/p141.php for table configuration -->
+    <style type="text/css">
+      .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
+
+.diamond {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-style: normal;
+    font-size:100%;
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+}
+
+table.thinborder {
+	border-width: 1px;
+	border-spacing: 0px;
+	border-style: none;
+	border-color: gray;
+	border-collapse: collapse;
+}
+
+table.thinborder th {
+	border-width: 1px;
+	padding: 0px;
+	border-style: solid;
+	border-color: gray;
+}
+
+table.thinborder td {
+	border-width: 1px;
+	padding: 2px;
+	border-style: solid;
+	border-color: gray;
+}
+</style>
+
+     
+    
+
+    <script type="text/javascript">
+/*
+	Written by Jonathan Snook, http://www.snook.ca/jonathan
+	Add-ons by Robert Nyman, http://www.robertnyman.com
+	Author says "The credit comment is all it takes, no license. Go crazy "
+	From http://www.robertnyman.com/2005/11/07/the-ultimate-getelementsbyclassname/
+*/
+
+function getElementsByClassName(oElm, strTagName, oClassNames){
+	var arrElements = (! (! (strTagName == "*") || ! (oElm.all)))? oElm.all : oElm.getElementsByTagName(strTagName);
+	var arrReturnElements = new Array();
+	var arrRegExpClassNames = new Array();
+	if(typeof oClassNames == "object"){
+		for(var i=0; !(i>=oClassNames.length); i++){ /*>*/
+			arrRegExpClassNames.push(new RegExp("(^|\s)" + oClassNames[i].replace(/\-/g, "\-") + "(\s|$)"));
+		}
+	}
+	else{
+		arrRegExpClassNames.push(new RegExp("(^|\s)" + oClassNames.replace(/\-/g, "\-") + "(\s|$)"));
+	}
+	var oElement;
+	var bMatchesAll;
+	for(var j=0; !(j>=arrElements.length); j++){ /*>*/
+		oElement = arrElements[j];
+		bMatchesAll = true;
+		for(var k=0; !(k>=arrRegExpClassNames.length); k++){ /*>*/
+			if(!arrRegExpClassNames[k].test(oElement.className)){
+				bMatchesAll = false;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if(bMatchesAll){
+			arrReturnElements.push(oElement);
+		}
+	}
+	return (arrReturnElements)
+}
+
+function set_display_by_class(el, cls, newValue) {
+   var e = getElementsByClassName(document, el, cls);
+   if (e != null) {
+      for (var i=0; !(i>=e.length); i++) {
+        e[i].style.display = newValue;
+      }
+   }
+}
+
+function set_display_by_id(id, newValue) {
+   var e = document.getElementById(id);
+   if (e != null) {
+     e.style.display = newValue;
+   }
+}
+</script> 
+    
+
+    
+
+    
+
+     
+  <style type="text/css">
+/*****************************************************************
+ * ReSpec CSS
+ * Robin Berjon (robin at berjon dot com)
+ * v0.05 - 2009-07-31
+ *****************************************************************/
+
+
+/* --- INLINES --- */
+em.rfc2119 { 
+    text-transform:     lowercase;
+    font-variant:       small-caps;
+    font-style:         normal;
+    color:              #900;
+}
+
+h1 acronym, h2 acronym, h3 acronym, h4 acronym, h5 acronym, h6 acronym, a acronym,
+h1 abbr, h2 abbr, h3 abbr, h4 abbr, h5 abbr, h6 abbr, a abbr {
+    border: none;
+}
+
+dfn {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+}
+
+a.internalDFN {
+    color:  inherit;
+    border-bottom:  1px solid #99c;
+    text-decoration:    none;
+}
+
+a.externalDFN {
+    color:  inherit;
+    border-bottom:  1px dotted #ccc;
+    text-decoration:    none;
+}
+
+a.bibref {
+    text-decoration:    none;
+}
+
+code {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+}
+
+
+/* --- WEB IDL --- */
+pre.idl {
+    border-top: 1px solid #90b8de;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #90b8de;
+    padding:    1em;
+    line-height:    120%;
+}
+
+pre.idl::before {
+    content:    "WebIDL";
+    display:    block;
+    width:      150px;
+    background: #90b8de;
+    color:  #fff;
+    font-family:    initial;
+    padding:    3px;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    margin: -1em 0 1em -1em;
+}
+
+.idlType {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    text-decoration:    none;
+}
+
+/*.idlModule*/
+/*.idlModuleID*/
+/*.idlInterface*/
+.idlInterfaceID, .idlDictionaryID {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+
+.idlSuperclass {
+    font-style: italic;
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+
+/*.idlAttribute*/
+.idlAttrType, .idlFieldType, .idlMemberType {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+.idlAttrName, .idlFieldName, .idlMemberName {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+}
+.idlAttrName a, .idlFieldName a, .idlMemberName a {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+    border-bottom:  1px dotted #ff4500;
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/*.idlMethod*/
+.idlMethType {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+.idlMethName {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+}
+.idlMethName a {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+    border-bottom:  1px dotted #ff4500;
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/*.idlParam*/
+.idlParamType {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+.idlParamName {
+    font-style: italic;
+}
+
+.extAttr {
+    color:  #666;
+}
+
+/*.idlConst*/
+.idlConstType {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+.idlConstName {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+}
+.idlConstName a {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+    border-bottom:  1px dotted #ff4500;
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/*.idlException*/
+.idlExceptionID {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    color:  #c00;
+}
+
+.idlTypedefID, .idlTypedefType {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+
+.idlRaises, .idlRaises a.idlType, .idlRaises a.idlType code, .excName a, .excName a code {
+    color:  #c00;
+    font-weight:    normal;
+}
+
+.excName a {
+    font-family:    monospace;
+}
+
+.idlRaises a.idlType, .excName a.idlType {
+    border-bottom:  1px dotted #c00;
+}
+
+.excGetSetTrue, .excGetSetFalse, .prmNullTrue, .prmNullFalse, .prmOptTrue, .prmOptFalse {
+    width:  45px;
+    text-align: center;
+}
+.excGetSetTrue, .prmNullTrue, .prmOptTrue { color:  #0c0; }
+.excGetSetFalse, .prmNullFalse, .prmOptFalse { color:  #c00; }
+
+.idlImplements a {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+}
+
+dl.attributes, dl.methods, dl.constants, dl.fields, dl.dictionary-members {
+    margin-left:    2em;
+}
+
+.attributes dt, .methods dt, .constants dt, .fields dt, .dictionary-members dt {
+    font-weight:    normal;
+}
+
+.attributes dt code, .methods dt code, .constants dt code, .fields dt code, .dictionary-members dt code {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    color:  #000;
+    font-family:    monospace;
+}
+
+.attributes dt code, .fields dt code, .dictionary-members dt code {
+    background:  #ffffd2;
+}
+
+.attributes dt .idlAttrType code, .fields dt .idlFieldType code, .dictionary-members dt .idlMemberType code {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+    background:  transparent;
+    font-family:    inherit;
+    font-weight:    normal;
+    font-style: italic;
+}
+
+.methods dt code {
+    background:  #d9e6f8;
+}
+
+.constants dt code {
+    background:  #ddffd2;
+}
+
+.attributes dd, .methods dd, .constants dd, .fields dd, .dictionary-members dd {
+    margin-bottom:  1em;
+}
+
+table.parameters, table.exceptions {
+    border-spacing: 0;
+    border-collapse:    collapse;
+    margin: 0.5em 0;
+    width:  100%;
+}
+table.parameters { border-bottom:  1px solid #90b8de; }
+table.exceptions { border-bottom:  1px solid #deb890; }
+
+.parameters th, .exceptions th {
+    color:  #fff;
+    padding:    3px 5px;
+    text-align: left;
+    font-family:    initial;
+    font-weight:    normal;
+    text-shadow:    #666 1px 1px 0;
+}
+.parameters th { background: #90b8de; }
+.exceptions th { background: #deb890; }
+
+.parameters td, .exceptions td {
+    padding:    3px 10px;
+    border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
+    vertical-align: top;
+}
+
+.parameters tr:first-child td, .exceptions tr:first-child td {
+    border-top: none;
+}
+
+.parameters td.prmName, .exceptions td.excName, .exceptions td.excCodeName {
+    width:  100px;
+}
+
+.parameters td.prmType {
+    width:  120px;
+}
+
+table.exceptions table {
+    border-spacing: 0;
+    border-collapse:    collapse;
+    width:  100%;
+}
+
+/* --- TOC --- */
+.toc a {
+    text-decoration:    none;
+}
+
+a .secno {
+    color:  #000;
+}
+
+/* --- TABLE --- */
+table.simple {
+    border-spacing: 0;
+    border-collapse:    collapse;
+    border-bottom:  3px solid #005a9c;
+}
+
+.simple th {
+    background: #005a9c;
+    color:  #fff;
+    padding:    3px 5px;
+    text-align: left;
+}
+
+.simple th[scope="row"] {
+    background: inherit;
+    color:  inherit;
+    border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
+}
+
+.simple td {
+    padding:    3px 10px;
+    border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
+}
+
+.simple tr:nth-child(even) {
+    background: #f0f6ff;
+}
+
+/* --- DL --- */
+.section dd > p:first-child {
+    margin-top: 0;
+}
+
+.section dd > p:last-child {
+    margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+.section dd {
+    margin-bottom:  1em;
+}
+
+.section dl.attrs dd, .section dl.eldef dd {
+    margin-bottom:  0;
+}
+
+/* --- EXAMPLES --- */
+pre.example {
+    border-top: 1px solid #ff4500;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #ff4500;
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin-top: 1em;
+}
+
+pre.example::before {
+    content:    "Example";
+    display:    block;
+    width:      150px;
+    background: #ff4500;
+    color:  #fff;
+    font-family:    initial;
+    padding:    3px;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    margin: -1em 0 1em -1em;
+}
+
+/* --- EDITORIAL NOTES --- */
+.issue {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #ffc;
+}
+
+.issue::before {
+    content:    "Issue";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+.note {
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    padding:    1em;
+    border: 2px solid #cff6d9;
+    background: #e2fff0;
+}
+
+.note::before {
+    content:    "Note";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #cff6d9;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+/* --- Best Practices --- */
+div.practice {
+    border: solid #bebebe 1px;
+    margin: 2em 1em 1em 2em;
+}
+
+span.practicelab {
+    margin: 1.5em 0.5em 1em 1em;
+    font-weight: bold;
+    font-style: italic;
+}
+
+span.practicelab   { background: #dfffff; }
+
+span.practicelab {
+    position: relative;
+    padding: 0 0.5em;
+    top: -1.5em;
+}
+
+p.practicedesc {
+    margin: 1.5em 0.5em 1em 1em;
+}
+
+@media screen {
+    p.practicedesc {
+        position: relative;
+        top: -2em;
+        padding: 0;
+        margin: 1.5em 0.5em -1em 1em;
+    }
+}
+
+/* --- SYNTAX HIGHLIGHTING --- */
+pre.sh_sourceCode {
+  background-color: white;
+  color: black;
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: normal;
+}
+
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_keyword { color: #005a9c; font-weight: bold; }           /* language keywords */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_type { color: #666; }                            /* basic types */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_usertype { color: teal; }                             /* user defined types */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_string { color: red; font-family: monospace; }        /* strings and chars */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_regexp { color: orange; font-family: monospace; }     /* regular expressions */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_specialchar { color: 	#ffc0cb; font-family: monospace; }  /* e.g., \n, \t, \\ */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_comment { color: #A52A2A; font-style: italic; }         /* comments */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_number { color: purple; }                             /* literal numbers */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_preproc { color: #00008B; font-weight: bold; }       /* e.g., #include, import */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_symbol { color: blue; }                            /* e.g., *, + */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_function { color: black; font-weight: bold; }         /* function calls and declarations */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_cbracket { color: red; }                              /* block brackets (e.g., {, }) */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_todo { font-weight: bold; background-color: #00FFFF; }   /* TODO and FIXME */
+
+/* Predefined variables and functions (for instance glsl) */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_predef_var { color: #00008B; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_predef_func { color: #00008B; font-weight: bold; }
+
+/* for OOP */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_classname { color: teal; }
+
+/* line numbers (not yet implemented) */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_linenum { display: none; }
+
+/* Internet related */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_url { color: blue; text-decoration: underline; font-family: monospace; }
+
+/* for ChangeLog and Log files */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_date { color: blue; font-weight: bold; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_time, pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_file { color: #00008B; font-weight: bold; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_ip, pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_name { color: #006400; }
+
+/* for Prolog, Perl... */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_variable { color: #006400; }
+
+/* for LaTeX */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_italics { color: #006400; font-style: italic; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_bold { color: #006400; font-weight: bold; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_underline { color: #006400; text-decoration: underline; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_fixed { color: green; font-family: monospace; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_argument { color: #006400; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_optionalargument { color: purple; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_math { color: orange; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_bibtex { color: blue; }
+
+/* for diffs */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_oldfile { color: orange; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_newfile { color: #006400; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_difflines { color: blue; }
+
+/* for css */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_selector { color: purple; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_property { color: blue; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_value { color: #006400; font-style: italic; }
+
+/* other */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_section { color: black; font-weight: bold; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_paren { color: red; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_attribute { color: #006400; }
+
+</style>
+<style type="text/css">
+/* --- EDITORIAL NOTES --- */
+.component1-color {
+ background-color: rgba(255,42,42,0.2);
+}
+
+.component3-color {
+ background-color: rgba(0,68,170,0.2);
+}
+
+.component2-color {
+ background-color: rgba(0,170,0,0.2);
+}
+.component4-color {
+ background-color: rgba(244,105,14,0.2);
+}
+
+.component6-color {
+ background-color: rgba(11,40,40,0.2);
+}
+
+.component5-color {
+ background-color: rgba(204,255,0,0.2);
+}
+
+.pending {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #BFEFFF;
+}
+
+.pending::before {
+    content:    "Pending Review";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+.resolved {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #9BCD9B;
+}
+
+.resolved::before {
+    content:    "Resolved";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+.inference {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.inference[id]::before {
+    content:    "Inference: " attr(id);
+    width:  380px;  /* How can we compute the length of "Constraint: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.inference::before {
+    content:    "Inference";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+.syntax {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.syntax[id]::before {
+    content:    "Syntax: " attr(id);
+    width:  380px;  /* How can we compute the length of "Constraint: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.syntax::before {
+    content:    "Syntax";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+.unamedconstraint {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+
+.unamedconstraint::before {
+    content:    "Constraint";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+
+.constraint {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.constraint[id]::before {
+    content:    "Constraint: " attr(id);
+    width:  380px;  /* How can we compute the length of "Constraint: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.constraint::before {
+    content:    "Constraint";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+
+.interpretation {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.interpretation[id]::before {
+    content:    "Interpretation: " attr(id);
+    width:  380px;  /* How can we compute the length of "Interpretation: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.interpretation::before {
+    content:    "Interpretation";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+.definition {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #777;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.definition[id]::before {
+    content:    "Definition: " attr(id);
+    width:  380px; 
+}
+
+
+.definition::before {
+    content:    "Definition";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #000;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+.deprecatedconstraint {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.deprecatedconstraint[id]::before {
+    content:    "Deprecated: " attr(id);
+    width:  380px;  /* How can we compute the length of "Deprecatedconstraint: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.deprecatedconstraint::before {
+    content:    "Deprecated";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+.glossary-ref {
+    font-style:    italic;
+}
+
+.dfn {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+}
+
+
+.attribute {
+    font-style: italic;
+}
+
+
+.conditional {
+    color: blue;
+}
+
+.grammar {
+    margin-top: 1ex;
+    margin-bottom: 1ex;
+    padding-left: 1ex;
+    padding-right: 1ex;
+    padding-top: 1ex;
+    padding-bottom: 0.6ex;
+    border: 1px dashed #2f6fab;
+    font-size: 80%;
+}
+.nonterminal {
+    font-weight: bold;
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+    font-size: 95%;
+}
+
+.name {
+    font-family: monospace;
+}
+
+
+.xmpl {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.xmpl::before {
+    content:    "Example";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+/* 
+generating this through java script now.
+
+.anexample[data-count]::before {
+    content: "Example " attr(data-count) ;
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+    font-size: 1.6ex;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+
+.anexample:before {
+    content: "Example:";
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+    font-size: 1.6ex;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+*/
+
+.anexample {
+    margin-top: 1ex;
+    margin-bottom: 1ex;
+    padding-left: 1ex;
+    padding-right: 1ex;
+    padding-top: 1ex;
+    padding-bottom: 0.6ex;
+    border: 1px dashed #2f6fab;
+    background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+.anexample table {
+    background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+
+.anexampleTitle {
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+    font-size: 1.6ex;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.anexampleTitle {
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+    font-size: 1.6ex;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+
+.diamond {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:100%;
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="name"]:before {
+    content: "'";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="name"]:after {
+    content: "'";
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="optional"]:before {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="optional"]:after {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: ")?";
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="plus"]:before {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="plus"]:after {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: ")+";
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="star"]:before {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="star"]:after {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: ")*";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="choice"]:before {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="choice"]:after {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: ")";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="group"]:before {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="group"]:after {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: ")";
+}
+
+table {
+    background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+
+
+.interpretation-forward::before {
+    content:    "Interpretation: ";
+    font-weight:    bold;
+}
+
+.structural-forward::before {
+    content:    "Structural constraint: ";
+    font-weight:    bold;
+}
+
+.essential {
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.provType::before {
+}
+
+.pnExpression {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:120%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+}
+
+
+</style>
+
+  <link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-CR" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" charset="utf-8"></head> 
+  <body style="display: inherit; "><div class="head"><p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img width="72" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" alt="W3C"></a></p><h1 class="title" id="title">PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</h1><h2 id="w3c-candidate-recommendation-11-december-2012"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Candidate Recommendation 11 December 2012</h2><dl><dt>This version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/</a></dd><dt>Latest published version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a></dd><dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt><dd><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html</a></dd><dt>Previous version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-dm-20120724/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-dm-20120724/</a> (<a href="diff.html">color-coded diffs</a>)</dd><dt>Editors:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/">Luc Moreau</a>, University of Southampton</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier">Paolo Missier</a>, Newcastle University</dd>
+<dt>Contributors:</dt><dd><a href="http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Khalid_Belhajjame">Khalid Belhajjame</a>, University of Manchester</dd>
+<dd><span>Reza B'Far</span>, Oracle Corporation</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jcheney/">James Cheney</a>, University of Edinburgh</dd>
+<dd><span>Sam Coppens</span>, IBBT - Ghent University</dd>
+<dd><span>Stephen Cresswell</span>, legislation.gov.uk</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://www.isi.edu/~gil/">Yolanda Gil</a>, Invited Expert</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://www.few.vu.nl/~pgroth/">Paul Groth</a>, VU University of Amsterdam</dd>
+<dd><span>Graham Klyne</span>, University of Oxford</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://tw.rpi.edu/instances/TimLebo">Timothy Lebo</a>, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://tw.rpi.edu/web/person/JamesMcCusker">Jim McCusker</a>, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/simonm/">Simon Miles</a>, Invited Expert</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://www.rpi.edu/research/ccni/">James Myers</a>, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://cci.case.edu/cci/index.php/Satya_Sahoo">Satya Sahoo</a>, Case Western Reserve University</dd>
+<dd><span>Curt Tilmes</span>, National Aeronautics and Space Administration</dd>
+</dl><p class="copyright"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> © 2011-2012 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym></a><sup>®</sup> (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.</p><hr></div> 
+
+    <div id="abstract" class="introductory section"><h2>Abstract</h2>
+<p>
+Provenance is information about entities, activities, and people
+involved in producing a piece of data or thing, which can be used
+ to form assessments about its quality, reliability or trustworthiness.
+PROV-DM is the conceptual data model that forms a basis for the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>
+provenance (PROV) family of specifications.
+PROV-DM distinguishes core structures, forming the essence of provenance information, from
+extended structures catering for more specific uses of provenance. 
+PROV-DM is organized in six components, respectively dealing with: 
+(1) entities and activities, and the time at which they were created, used, or ended;
+(2) derivations of entities from entities;
+(3) agents bearing responsibility for entities that were generated and activities that happened;
+(4) a notion of bundle, a mechanism to support provenance of provenance; 
+(5) properties to link entities that refer to the same thing; and,
+(6) collections forming a logical structure for its members.
+</p>
+
+<p>This document introduces the provenance concepts found in
+PROV and defines PROV-DM types and
+relations. The PROV data model is domain-agnostic, but is equipped with
+extensibility points allowing domain-specific information to be included. </p>
+
+<p>Two further documents complete the specification of PROV-DM.
+First, a companion document specifies the set of constraints that
+provenance should follow.  Second, 
+a separate document describes a provenance notation for expressing 
+instances of provenance for human consumption; this notation is used in examples in
+this document. </p>
+
+<p>The PROV Document Overview describes the overall state of PROV, and should be read before other PROV documents.</p>
+
+    </div><div id="sotd" class="introductory section"><h2>Status of This Document</h2><p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> technical reports index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em></p>
+<h4 id="prov-family-of-documents">PROV Family of Documents</h4>
+This document is part of the PROV family of documents, a set of documents defining various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
+interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web.  These documents are:
+<ul>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/">PROV-OVERVIEW</a> (Note), an overview of the PROV family of documents [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">PROV-OVERVIEW</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/">PROV-PRIMER</a> (Note), a primer for the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-PRIMER">PROV-PRIMER</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/">PROV-O</a> (Recommendation), the PROV ontology, an OWL2 ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/">PROV-DM</a> (Recommendation), the PROV data model for provenance (this document);</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/">PROV-N</a> (Recommendation), a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a> (Recommendation), a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/">PROV-AQ</a> (Note), the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>]; </li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/">PROV-XML</a> (Note),  an XML schema for the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>].</li>
+
+</ul>
+<h4 id="how-to-read-the-prov-family-of-documentation">How to read the PROV Family of Documentation</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>The primer is the entry point to PROV offering an introduction to the provenance model.</li>
+<li>The Linked Data and Semantic Web community should focus on PROV-O defining PROV classes and properties specified in an OWL2 ontology. For further details, PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS specify the constraints applicable to the data model, and its interpretation. </li>
+<li>Developers seeking to retrieve or publish provenance should focus on PROV-AQ.</li>
+<li>Readers seeking to implement other PROV serializations
+should focus on PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS.  PROV-O and PROV-N offer examples of mapping to RDF and text, respectively.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/">Provenance Working Group</a> as a Candidate Recommendation. This document is intended to become a <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation. If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to <a href="mailto:public-prov-comments@w3.org">public-prov-comments@w3.org</a> (<a href="mailto:public-prov-comments-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>, <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/">archives</a>). <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> publishes a Candidate Recommendation to indicate that the document is believed to be stable and to encourage implementation by the developer community. This Candidate Recommendation is expected to advance to Proposed Recommendation no earlier than 01 July 2014. All feedback is welcome.</p><p>Publication as a Candidate Recommendation does not imply endorsement by the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.</p><p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>. <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>.</p></div><div id="toc" class="section"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#introduction" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction<br>
+</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#compliance-with-this-document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.1 </span>Compliance with this Document</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#structure-of-this-document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.2 </span>Structure of this Document</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#conventions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.3 </span>Notational Conventions</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#namespaces" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.4 </span>Namespaces</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-overview" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>PROV Overview</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#core-structures" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1 </span>PROV Core Structures</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-entity-activity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.1 </span>Entity and Activity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-derivation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.2 </span>Derivation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-agents-attribution-association-delegation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.3 </span>Agents and Responsibility</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-extended-structures" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2 </span>PROV Extended Structures</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-extended-mechanisms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.1 </span>Mechanisms to Define Extended Structures</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-extended-approach-subtyping" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.1.1 </span>Subtyping</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-extended-approach-expanded-relation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.1.2 </span>Expanded Relations</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-extended-approach-optional-identification" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.1.3 </span>Optional Identification</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-extended-approach-further-relations" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.1.4 </span>Further Relations</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-provenance-of-provnance" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.2 </span>Provenance of Provenance</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-collections" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.3 </span>Collections</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-overview-components" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Modular Organization</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-notation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>The Provenance Notation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-dm-example" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span>Illustration of PROV-DM by an Example</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-example-one" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.1 </span>Example: The Authors View</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-example-two" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.2 </span>Example: The Process View</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-example-c" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3 </span>Example: Attribution of Provenance</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#data-model-components" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5. </span>PROV-DM Types and Relations</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#component1" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1 </span>Component 1: Entities and Activities</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-entity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.1 </span>Entity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Activity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.2 </span>Activity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Generation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.3 </span>Generation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Usage" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.4 </span>Usage</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Communication" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.5 </span>Communication</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Start" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.6 </span>Start</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-End" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.7 </span>End</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Invalidation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.8 </span>Invalidation</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component2" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2 </span>Component 2: Derivations</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Derivation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2.1 </span>Derivation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-revision" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2.2 </span>Revision</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-quotation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2.3 </span>Quotation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-primary-source" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2.4 </span>Primary Source</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component3" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3 </span>Component 3: Agents, Responsibility, and Influence</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-agent" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.1 </span>Agent</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribution" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.2 </span>Attribution</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Association" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.3 </span>Association</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-delegation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.4 </span>Delegation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-influence" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.5 </span>Influence</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component4" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4 </span>Component 4: Bundles</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-bundle" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4.1 </span>Bundle constructor</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-bundle-entity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4.2 </span>Bundle Type</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component5" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.5 </span>Component 5: Alternate Entities</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-specialization" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.5.1 </span>Specialization</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-alternate" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.5.2 </span>Alternate</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component6" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.6 </span>Component 6: Collections</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-collection" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.6.1 </span>Collection</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-membership" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.6.2 </span>Membership</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#second-class-elements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7 </span>Further Elements of PROV-DM</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-identifier" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.1 </span>Identifier</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2 </span>Attribute</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-label" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2.1 </span>prov:label</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-location" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2.2 </span>prov:location</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-role" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2.3 </span>prov:role</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-type" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2.4 </span>prov:type</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-value" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2.5 </span>prov:value</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-value" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.3 </span>Value</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-NamespaceDeclaration" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.4 </span>Namespace Declaration</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-qualified-name" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.5 </span>Qualified Name</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#extensibility-section" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">6. </span>PROV-DM Extensibility Points</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#valid-provenance" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">7. </span>Creating Valid Provenance</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#cross-references-to-prov-o-and-prov-n" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A. </span>Cross-References to PROV-O and PROV-N</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#changes-since-last-version" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B. </span>Changes since last version</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C. </span>Acknowledgements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">D. </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">D.1 </span>Normative references</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">D.2 </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></div> 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+    <div id="introduction" class="section"> 
+      <!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction<br>
+</h2> 
+
+<p> 
+For the purpose of this specification, <dfn id="dfn-provenance" class="internalDFN">provenance</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-provenance"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is defined as a record that describes the people,
+institutions, entities, and activities involved in producing,
+influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a thing.
+In particular, the provenance of information is crucial in deciding
+whether information is to be trusted, how it should be integrated with
+other diverse information sources, and how to give credit to its
+originators when reusing it.  In an open and inclusive environment
+such as the Web, where users find information that is often contradictory or
+questionable, provenance can help those users to make trust judgements.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+We present the PROV data model, PROV-DM,
+a generic data model for provenance that allows  domain and application specific representations of provenance to be translated into such a data model and  <em>interchanged</em> between systems.
+Thus, heterogeneous systems can export their native provenance into such a core data model, and applications that need to make sense of provenance can then import it,
+process it, and reason over it.</p>
+
+
+<p>
+The PROV data model distinguishes <em>core structures</em> from
+<em>extended structures</em>: core structures form the essence of
+provenance information, and are commonly found in various
+domain-specific vocabularies that deal
+with provenance or similar kinds of information [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-Mappings">Mappings</a></cite>].
+Extended structures enhance and refine core
+structures with more expressive capabilities to cater for more
+advanced uses of provenance.
+The  PROV data model, comprising both core and extended structures, is a domain-agnostic model, but with clear extensibility points allowing further domain-specific and
+application-specific extensions to be defined.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+The PROV data model has a modular design and is structured according to six components covering various facets of provenance:</p>
+<ul>
+<li> component 1: entities and activities, and the time at which they were created, used, or ended;
+</li><li> component 2: derivations of entities from others;
+</li><li> component 3: agents bearing responsibility for entities that were generated and activities that happened;
+</li><li> component 4: bundles, a mechanism to support provenance of provenance;
+</li><li> component 5: properties to link entities that refer to a same thing;
+</li><li> component 6: collections forming a logical structure for its members.
+</li></ul>
+
+
+<p>This specification presents the concepts of the PROV data model, and
+provenance types and relations, without specific concern for how they are applied.
+With these, it becomes possible to write useful provenance, and publish or embed it alongside the data it relates to. </p>
+
+<p>However, if something about which provenance is expressed is subject to change, then it is challenging to express its provenance precisely (e.g. the data from which a daily weather report is derived  changes from day to day).
+This is addressed in a companion
+ specification [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>] by proposing formal constraints on
+ the way that provenance is related to the things it
+ describes (such as the use of attributes, temporal information and
+ specialization of entities), and additional conclusions that are valid
+ to infer.
+</p>
+
+<div id="compliance-with-this-document" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">1.1 </span>Compliance with this Document</h3>
+
+
+<p>For the purpose of compliance, the normative sections of this document
+are 
+<a class="section-ref" href="#compliance-with-this-document"><span>Section 1.1</span></a>,
+<a class="section-ref" href="#conventions"><span>Section 1.3</span></a>,
+<a class="section-ref" href="#data-model-components"><span>Section 5.</span></a>, and
+<a href="#cross-references-to-prov-o-and-prov-n">Appendix A</a>.
+</p><ul>
+<li> Information in tables is normative if it appears in a normative section. </li>
+<li> All figures (including UML diagrams) are informative. </li>
+<li> Text in boxes labeled "Example" is informative.
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="informative section" id="structure-of-this-document"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">1.2 </span>Structure of this Document</h3><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+<p><a href="#section-prov-overview">Section 2</a> provides an overview of the PROV data model,  distinguishing a core set of types and  relations, commonly found in provenance, from extended structures catering for more specific uses. It also introduces a modular organization of the data model in components. </p>
+
+<p><a href="#prov-notation">Section 3</a> overviews the Provenance Notation used to illustrate examples of provenance.</p>
+
+
+<p><a href="#prov-dm-example">Section 4</a> illustrates how the PROV data model can be used
+to express the provenance of a report published on the Web.</p>
+
+
+<p><a href="#data-model-components">Section 5</a> provides the definitions of PROV concepts, structured according to six components.</p>
+
+
+
+<p><a href="#extensibility-section">Section 6</a> summarizes PROV-DM extensibility points.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#valid-provenance">Section 7</a> introduces the idea that constraints can be applied to the PROV data model to validate provenance; these are covered in the companion specification [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>].</p>
+
+
+</div> 
+
+<div id="conventions" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">1.3 </span>Notational Conventions</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>The key words "<em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="must not">must not</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="required">required</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="shall">shall</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="shall
+      not">shall
+      not</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="should">should</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="should not">should not</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="recommended">recommended</em>",  "<em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em>", and
+      "<em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em>" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
+      [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC2119">RFC2119</a></cite>].</p>
+
+<p> 
+  Examples throughout this document use the PROV-N Provenance
+  Notation, briefly introduced in <a href="#prov-notation">Section 3</a> and specified fully in a separate document [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>].</p>
+
+
+
+</div> 
+
+<div class="informative section" id="namespaces"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">1.4 </span>Namespaces</h3><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+<p>
+The following namespaces prefixes are used throughout this document.
+
+</p><div style="text-align: left;">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="namespace-table"><span>Table 1<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#namespace-table"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> </span>Prefix and Namespaces used in this specification</caption> <!-- Table 1-->
+<tbody><tr><td><a><b>prefix</b></a></td><td><b>namespace IRI</b></td> <td><b>definition</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>prov</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</td><td>The PROV namespace (see <a class="section-ref" href="#term-NamespaceDeclaration"><span>Section 5.7.4</span></a>)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>xsd</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema#</td><td>XML Schema Namespace [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">XMLSCHEMA11-2</a></cite>]</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>rdf</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#</td><td>The RDF namespace  [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">RDF-CONCEPTS</a></cite>]</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>(others)</a></td><td>(various)</td><td>All other namespace prefixes are used in examples only. <br> In particular, IRIs starting with "http://example.com" represent<br> some application-dependent IRI [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-IRI">IRI</a></cite>]</td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+</div> 
+
+</div> 
+
+
+
+<div class="informative section" id="section-prov-overview"> 
+<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">2. </span>PROV Overview</h2><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+<p>This section introduces provenance concepts with informal explanations and illustrative
+examples. PROV distinguishes  <em>core structures</em>, forming the essence of  provenance, from <em>extended structures</em> catering for more specific uses of provenance.  Core and extended structures are respectively presented in <a href="#core-structures">Section 2.1</a> and <a href="#section-extended-structures">Section 2.2</a>. Furthermore, the PROV data model is organized according to components, which form thematic groupings of concepts (see <a href="#section-overview-components">Section 2.3</a>). A <em>provenance description</em> is an instance of  a provenance structure, whether core or extended, described below.
+</p>
+
+
+<div id="core-structures" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">2.1 </span>PROV Core Structures</h3>
+
+<p>At its core, provenance describes the use and production of
+<em>entities</em> by <em>activities</em>, which may be 
+influenced in
+various ways by <em>agents</em>.  These core types and their relationships
+are illustrated
+by
+the UML diagram of <a href="#prov-core-structures-top">Figure 1</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center; ">
+ <span class="figure" id="prov-core-structures-top" style="max-width: 70%; ">
+<img src="uml/essentials.png" alt="PROV Core Structures" style="max-width: 70%; "><br>
+<span class="figcaption" id="prov-core-structures">Figure 1<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#prov-core-structures"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> PROV Core Structures (Informative)</span>
+  </span>
+</div>
+
+<p>The concepts found in the core of PROV are introduced in the rest of this section.
+They are summarized in  <a href="#overview-types-and-relations">Table 2</a>, where they are categorized as
+ type or relation.
+ The first column lists concepts, the second column indicates whether a concept maps to a type or a relation, whereas the third column contains the corresponding name, as it appears in Figure 1.    Names of relations have a verbal form in the past tense to express what happened in the past, as opposed to what may or will happen. In the core of PROV, all relations are binary. 
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div style="text-align: left;">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="overview-types-and-relations"><span>Table 2<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#overview-types-and-relations"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> </span>Mapping of PROV core concepts to  types and relations</caption> <!-- Table 2 -->
+<tbody><tr><td><a><b>PROV Concepts</b></a></td><td><b>PROV-DM types or relations</b></td><td><b>Name</b></td><td><b>Overview</b></td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td><td rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;">PROV-DM Types</td><td><a title="dfn-Entity" href="#dfn-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-entity-activity"><span>Section 2.1.1</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a></td><td><a title="dfn-Activity" href="#dfn-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-entity-activity"><span>Section 2.1.1</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a></td><td><a title="dfn-agent" href="#dfn-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-agents-attribution-association-delegation"><span>Section 2.1.3</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a></td><td rowspan="7" style="text-align: center;">PROV-DM Relations</td><td><a title="wasGeneratedBy" href="#dfn-wasgeneratedby" class="internalDFN">WasGeneratedBy</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-entity-activity"><span>Section 2.1.1</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a></td><td><a title="used" href="#dfn-used" class="internalDFN">Used</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-entity-activity"><span>Section 2.1.1</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN">Communication</a></td><td><a title="wasInformedBy" href="#dfn-wasinformedby" class="internalDFN">WasInformedBy</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-entity-activity"><span>Section 2.1.1</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">Derivation</a></td><td><a title="wasDerivedFrom" href="#dfn-wasderivedfrom" class="internalDFN">WasDerivedFrom</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-derivation"><span>Section 2.1.2</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">Attribution</a></td><td><a title="wasAttributedTo" href="#dfn-wasattributedto" class="internalDFN">WasAttributedTo</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-agents-attribution-association-delegation"><span>Section 2.1.3</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">Association</a></td><td><a title="wasAssociatedWith" href="#dfn-wasassociatedwith" class="internalDFN">WasAssociatedWith</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-agents-attribution-association-delegation"><span>Section 2.1.3</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="#concept-delegation" class="internalDFN">Delegation</a></td><td><a title="actedOnBehalfOf" href="#dfn-actedonbehalfof" class="internalDFN">ActedOnBehalfOf</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-agents-attribution-association-delegation"><span>Section 2.1.3</span></a></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<form action="#"><p> 
+<input id="hide-examples" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','anexample conceptexample','none'); set_display_by_id('hide-examples','none'); set_display_by_id('show-examples','');" type="button" value="Hide Concept Examples"> 
+<input id="show-examples" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','anexample conceptexample',''); set_display_by_id('hide-examples',''); set_display_by_id('show-examples','none');" style="display: none" type="button" value="Show Concept Examples"> 
+</p> 
+</form> 
+
+
+
+
+  
+    <div id="section-entity-activity" class="section"> 
+<h4><span class="secno">2.1.1 </span>Entity and Activity</h4>
+
+
+<p>In PROV, things we want to describe the provenance of are called <em>entities</em> and have some fixed aspects. The term "things" encompasses a broad diversity of notions, including digital objects such as a file or web page, 
+physical things such as a mountain, a building, a printed book, or a car as well as abstract concepts and ideas. 
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">
+   An <span class="dfn">entity</span> is a physical, digital, conceptual, or other kind of thing with some fixed aspects; entities may be real or imaginary. </span> [<a href="#term-entity">Detailed specification</a>]</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="entity-example"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 1<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#entity-example"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>An entity may be the document at IRI <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17526723">http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17526723</a>, a file in a file system, a car, or an idea.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">   An <span class="dfn">activity</span>  is something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with entities;  it may include consuming, processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, or generating entities.  </span> [<a href="#term-Activity">Detailed specification</a>]
+Just as entities cover a broad range of notions, 
+activities can cover a broad range of
+notions:
+information processing activities
+ may for example move, copy, or duplicate  digital entities;
+ physical activities can include
+ driving a car between two locations or printing a book.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="activity-example"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 2<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#activity-example"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>An activity may be the publishing of a document on the Web, sending a twitter message, extracting metadata embedded in a file, driving a car from Boston to Cambridge, assembling a data set based on a set of measurements, performing a statistical analysis over a data set, sorting news items according to some criteria, running a SPARQL query over a triple store, or editing a file.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Activities and entities are associated with each other in two different ways: activities utilize entities and activities  produce entities. The act of utilizing or producing an entity may have a duration.  
+ The term 'generation' refers to the completion of the act of producing; likewise, the term 'usage' refers to the beginning of the act of utilizing entities. Thus, we define the following concepts of generation and usage. </p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">
+   <span class="dfn">Generation</span> is the completion of production of a new entity by an activity. This entity did not exist before generation and becomes available for usage after this generation. </span> [<a href="#term-Generation">Detailed specification</a>]</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">
+   <span class="dfn">Usage</span> is the beginning of utilizing an entity by an activity. Before usage, the activity had not begun to utilize this entity and could not have been affected by the entity. </span>  [<a href="#term-Usage">Detailed specification</a>]</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="generation-example"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 3<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#generation-example"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>Examples of generation are the completed creation of a file by a
+program, the completed creation of a linked data set, and the completed
+publication of a new version of a document.
+</p></div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="usage-example"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 4<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#usage-example"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>Usage examples include a procedure beginning to consume an argument, a service starting to read a value on a port, a program beginning to read a configuration
+file, or the point at which an ingredient, such as eggs, is being added in a baking activity. Usage may entirely consume an entity (e.g. eggs are no longer available after being added to
+the mix); in contrast, the same entity may be used multiple times, possibly by different activities (e.g. a file on a file system can be read indefinitely).
+</p></div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="driving-a-car"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 5<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#driving-a-car"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+Let us consider the activity of driving a car from Boston to Cambridge.
+One might reasonably ask what entities are used and generated by this activity.
+This is answered by
+considering that a single artifact may
+correspond to several entities; in this case, a car in Boston may be a
+different entity from a car in Cambridge.  
+Thus, among other things,
+an entity "car in Boston" would be used, and a new entity "car in
+Cambridge" would be generated by this activity of driving.  The
+provenance trace of the car might include: designed in Japan,
+manufactured in Korea, shipped to Boston USA, purchased by customer,
+driven to Cambridge, serviced by engineer in Cambridge, etc., all of
+which might be important information when deciding whether or not it
+represents a sensible second-hand purchase.  Or some of it might
+alternatively be relevant when trying to determine the truth of a web
+page reporting a traffic violation involving that car.  This breadth
+of provenance allows descriptions of interactions between physical and
+digital artifacts.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>The generation of an entity by an activity and its subsequent usage by another activity is termed communication.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">
+   <span class="dfn">Communication</span> is the exchange of some unspecified entity by two activities, one activity using some entity generated by the other. </span>   [<a href="#term-Communication">Detailed specification</a>]</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="communication-example"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 6<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#communication-example"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+The activity of writing a celebrity article was informed by (a
+communication instance) the activity of intercepting voicemails.
+</p></div>
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+    <div id="section-derivation" class="section"> 
+<h4><span class="secno">2.1.2 </span>Derivation</h4>
+
+
+
+<p>Activities utilize entities and produce entities. In some cases, utilizing an entity influences the creation of another in some way. This notion of 'influence' is captured by derivations, defined as follows.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">   A <span class="dfn">derivation</span>  is a transformation of an entity into another, an update of an entity resulting in a new one, or the construction of a new entity based on a pre-existing entity.</span>
+   [<a href="#term-Derivation">Detailed specification</a>]</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="derivation-example"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 7<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#derivation-example"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>Examples of derivation include  the transformation of a relational table into a
+linked data set, the transformation of a canvas into a painting, the transportation of a work of art from London to New York, and a physical transformation such as the melting of ice into water.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>
+The focus of derivation is on connecting a generated entity to a used
+entity.
+While the basic idea is simple, the concept of derivation can be quite
+subtle: implicit is the notion that the generated entity was affected
+in some way by the used entity.  
+
+If an artifact
+was used by an activity that also generated a new artifact, it does not always follow
+that the second artifact was derived from the first.  In the activity
+of creating a painting, an artist may have mixed some paint that was
+never actually applied to the canvas: the painting would typically
+not be considered a derivation from the unused paint.  
+<!-- The provenance
+model does not attempt to define what constitutes derivation; rather,
+it is considered to be something that is asserted, having been
+determined by unspecified means. -->
+PROV does not attempt to specify the conditions under which derivations
+exist; rather, derivation is considered to have been determined by unspecified means. 
+Thus, while a chain of usage and generation is necessary for a
+derivation to hold between entities, it is not sufficient; some
+form of influence occurring during the activities involved is also needed. 
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div id="section-agents-attribution-association-delegation" class="section"> 
+<h4><span class="secno">2.1.3 </span>Agents and Responsibility</h4>
+
+<p>For many purposes, a key consideration
+ for deciding whether something is reliable and/or trustworthy is
+ knowing who or what <em>was reponsible</em> for its production.  Data published by
+ a respected independent organization may be considered more
+ trustworthy than that from a lobby organization; a claim by a
+ well-known scientist with an established track record may be more
+ believed than a claim by a new student; a calculation performed by an
+ established software library may be more reliable than by a one-off
+ program.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">
+   An <span class="dfn">agent</span> is something that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place, for the existence of an entity, or for another agent's activity. </span>   [<a href="#term-agent">Detailed specification</a>]
+ An agent may be a particular type of entity or activity. This means that the model can be
+ used to express provenance of the agents themselves.  
+</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="agent-example"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 8<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#agent-example"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+Software for checking the use of grammar in a document may be defined as an agent of a document preparation activity;  one can also describe its provenance, including for instance the vendor and the version history. 
+A site selling books on the Web, the services involved in the processing of orders, and the companies hosting them are also agents.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<p>Agents can be related to entities, activities, and other agents.</p>  
+
+<p><span class="glossary-ref">   <span class="dfn">Attribution</span> is the ascribing of an entity to an agent. </span>
+[<a href="#term-attribution">Detailed specification</a>]</p>
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="attribution-example"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 9<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#attribution-example"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>A blog post can be attributed to an author, a mobile phone to its manufacturer.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+Agents are defined as having some kind of responsibility for activities. </p>
+
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">   An activity <span class="dfn">association</span> is an assignment of responsibility to an agent for an activity, indicating that the agent had a role in the activity.  </span>
+[<a href="#term-Association">Detailed specification</a>]</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="association-example"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 10<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#association-example"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>Examples of association between an activity and an agent are:
+</p><ul>
+<li>creation of a web page under the guidance of a designer;</li>
+<li>various forms of participation in a panel discussion, including audience member, panelist, or panel chair;</li>
+<li>a public event, sponsored by a company, and hosted by a museum;</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">
+   <span class="dfn">Delegation</span> is the assignment of authority and responsibility to an agent (by itself or by another agent)  to carry out a specific activity as a delegate or representative, while the agent it acts on behalf of retains some responsibility for the outcome of the delegated work. </span>
+[<a href="#term-delegation">Detailed specification</a>]
+ The nature of this relation is intended to be broad,  including contractual relation, but also altruistic initiative by the representative agent. </p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="delegation-example"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 11<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#delegation-example"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>A student publishing a web page describing an academic
+department could result in both the student and the department being
+agents associated with the activity.  It may not matter which actual
+student published a web page, but it may matter significantly that the department
+told the student to put up the web page.  
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="section-extended-structures" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">2.2 </span>PROV Extended Structures</h3>
+
+<p>While the core of PROV focuses on essential provenance structures commonly found in provenance descriptions, extended structures 
+are designed to support more advanced uses of provenance. 
+The purpose of this section is twofold. First, mechanisms to specify these extended structures are introduced.  Second,  two further kinds of provenance structures are overviewed: they cater for provenance of provenance and collections,  respectively.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div id="section-prov-extended-mechanisms" class="section"> 
+<h4><span class="secno">2.2.1 </span>Mechanisms to Define Extended Structures</h4>
+
+<p>Extended structures are defined by a variety of mechanisms 
+outlined in this section: subtyping, expanded relations, optional
+identification, and new relations.</p>
+
+
+<div id="section-prov-extended-approach-subtyping" class="section"> 
+<h5><span class="secno">2.2.1.1 </span>Subtyping</h5>
+
+<p>Subtyping can be applied to core types. For example, a software agent is special kind of agent, defined as follows.</p>
+
+<span class="glossary-ref">
+   A <span class="dfn">software agent</span>  is running software. </span>
+
+
+<p>Subtyping can also be applied to  core relations. For example, a revision is a special kind of derivation, defined as follows.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="glossary-ref">   A <span class="dfn">revision</span>   is a derivation for which the resulting entity is a revised version of some original. </span></p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="section-prov-extended-approach-expanded-relation" class="section"> 
+<h5><span class="secno">2.2.1.2 </span>Expanded Relations</h5>
+
+<p><a class="section-ref" href="#core-structures"><span>Section 2.1</span></a> shows that seven concepts are mapped to binary relations in the core of PROV.  However, some advanced uses of these concepts cannot be captured by a binary relation, but require relations to be expanded to n-ary relations.</p>
+
+<p>Indeed, binary relations are actually shorthands that can be 'opened up' by applications and filled in with further application details. For example, derivation is a very high level relationship between two entities: an application may decide to 'open up' that relationship in an expanded relation that describes how an entity was derived from another by virtue of listing the generation, usage, and activity involved in the derivation relationship. Applications are free to decide which level of granularity they want describe, and   PROV gives them the way to do that.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>To illustrate expanded relations, we revisit the concept of
+association, introduced
+in <a class="section-ref" href="#section-agents-attribution-association-delegation"><span>Section 2.1.3</span></a> (full definition of the expanded association can be found
+in <a class="section-ref" href="#term-Association"><span>Section 5.3.3</span></a>).  Agents may rely on <em>plans</em>, i.e.  sets of actions or steps, to achieve their
+goals in the context of an activity.
+Hence, an expanded form of
+association relation allows for a plan to be specified. Plan is defined by subtyping and 
+full association by an expanded relation, as follows. </p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">
+   A <span class="dfn">plan</span> is an entity that represents a set of actions or steps intended by one or more agents to achieve some goals.  </span>
+</p> 
+
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">   An activity <span class="dfn">association</span> is an assignment of responsibility to an agent for an activity, indicating that the agent had a role in the activity. It further allows for a plan to be specified, which is the plan intended by the agent to achieve some goals in the context of this activity. </span>
+</p>
+
+<p>There exist no
+prescriptive requirement on the nature of plans, their representation, the
+actions or steps they consist of, or their intended goals.  Since plans may evolve over time,
+it may become necessary to track their provenance, so plans themselves are
+entities. Representing the plan explicitly in the provenance can be useful for various tasks: for example, to  
+validate the execution as represented in the provenance record, to  
+manage expectation failures, or to provide explanations.</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="association-example2"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 12<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#association-example2"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>An example of association between an activity and an agent involving a plan is:
+an XSLT transform (an activity) launched by a user (an agent) based on an XSL style sheet (a plan).
+
+</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="section-prov-extended-approach-optional-identification" class="section"> 
+<h5><span class="secno">2.2.1.3 </span>Optional Identification</h5>
+
+<p>Some concepts exhibit both a core use, expressed as
+binary relation, and an extended use, expressed as n-ary relation.  In
+some cases, mapping the concept to a relation, whether binary or
+n-ary, is not sufficient: instead, it may be required to
+identify an instance of such concept.  In those cases, PROV allows for 
+an optional identifier to be
+expressed to identify an instance of an association between two or
+more elements.  This optional identifier can then be used to refer to
+an instance as part of other concepts.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="identifier-example"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 13<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#identifier-example"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>A service may read a same configuration file on two different occasions. Each  usage can be identifed by its own identifier, allowing them to be distinguished. 
+</p></div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div id="section-prov-extended-approach-further-relations" class="section"> 
+<h5><span class="secno">2.2.1.4 </span>Further Relations</h5>
+
+<p>Finally, PROV supports further relations that are not subtypes or expanded versions of existing relations (such as <a href="#concept-specialization" class="internalDFN">specialization</a>, <a href="#concept-alternate" class="internalDFN">alternate</a>).</p>
+
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div id="section-provenance-of-provnance" class="section"> 
+<h4><span class="secno">2.2.2 </span>Provenance of Provenance</h4>
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">
+ A <span class="dfn">bundle</span> is a named set of provenance descriptions, and is itself an entity, so allowing provenance of provenance to be expressed.  </span>
+
+</p><p>
+For users to decide whether they can place their trust in
+something, they may want to analyze its provenance, but also determine
+the agent its provenance is attributed to, and when it was
+generated. In other words, users need to be able to determine the provenance of provenance.
+Hence, provenance is also
+regarded as an entity (of type Bundle), by which provenance of provenance can then be
+expressed.
+</p>
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="bundle-example"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 14<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#bundle-example"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+In a decision making situation, decision makers may be presented with the same piece of knowledge, issued by multiple sources.  In order to validate this piece of knowledge, decision makers can consider its provenance, but also the provenance of its provenance, which may help determine whether it can be trusted.
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div id="section-collections" class="section"> 
+<h4><span class="secno">2.2.3 </span>Collections</h4>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">   A <span class="dfn">collection</span> is an entity that provides a structure to some constituents that must themselves be entities. These constituents are said to be <span class="dfn">member of</span> the collections.  </span> Many different types of collections exist, such as <em>sets</em>, <em>dictionaries</em>, or <em>lists</em>. 
+Using Collections, one can express the provenance of the collection itself in addition to that of the members.  </p>
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="collection-example"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 15<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#collection-example"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+An example of collection is an archive of documents. Each document has its own provenance, but the archive itself also has some provenance: who maintained it, which documents it contained at which point in time, how it was assembled, etc. 
+</p></div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="section-overview-components" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Modular Organization</h3>
+
+<p>Besides the separation between core and extended structures, PROV-DM
+is further organized according to components, grouping concepts in a
+thematic manner. </p>
+
+<p> <a href="#components-overview">Table 3</a> enumerates the six components, five of which have already been implicitly overviewed in this section. All components contain extended structures, whereas only the first three contain core structures.
+
+</p><div id="components-overview-div" style="text-align: center;">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="components-overview"><span>Table 3<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#components-overview"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> </span>Components Overview</caption> <!-- Table 3:  -->
+<tbody><tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td>Component</td><td>Core <br>Structures</td><td>Overview</td><td>Specification</td><td>Description</td></tr> 
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="	padding: 8px;">1</td><td style="text-align: left;">Entities and Activities</td><td>✔</td><td><a href="#section-entity-activity">2.1.1</a></td><td><a href="#component1">5.1</a></td><td style="text-align: left;">about entities and activities, and their interrelations</td></tr> 
+<tr><td>2</td><td style="text-align: left;">Derivation</td><td>✔</td><td><a href="#section-derivation">2.1.2</a></td><td><a href="#component3">5.2</a></td><td style="text-align: left;">about derivations and its subtypes</td></tr> 
+<tr><td>3</td><td style="text-align: left;">Agent and Responsibility</td><td>✔</td><td><a href="#section-agents-attribution-association-delegation">2.1.3</a></td><td><a href="#component2">5.3</a></td><td style="text-align: left;">about agents and concepts ascribing responsibility to them</td></tr> 
+<tr><td>4</td><td style="text-align: left;">Bundles</td><td></td><td><a href="#section-provenance-of-provnance">2.2.2</a></td><td><a href="#component4">5.4</a></td><td style="text-align: left;">about bundles, a mechanism to support provenance of provenance</td></tr> 
+<tr><td>5</td><td style="text-align: left;">Alternate</td><td></td><td>—</td><td><a href="#component5">5.5</a></td><td style="text-align: left;">about relations linking entities referring the same thing</td></tr> 
+<tr><td>6</td><td style="text-align: left;">Collections</td><td></td><td><a href="#section-collections">2.2.3</a></td><td><a href="#component6">5.6</a></td><td style="text-align: left;">about collections</td></tr> 
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="informative section" id="prov-notation">  
+<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">3. </span>The Provenance Notation</h2><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+
+<p>To illustrate the application of PROV concepts to a concrete example (see <a href="#prov-dm-example">Section 4</a>) and to provide examples of concepts (see <a href="#data-model-components">Section 5</a>),
+we introduce PROV-N, a notation for writing instances of the PROV data model. For full details and for a normative reference, the reader is referred to the companion specification [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>].
+PROV-N is a notation  aimed at human consumption, with the following characteristics:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>PROV-N expressions adopt a <em>functional notation</em> consisting
+of a name and a list of arguments in parentheses.</li>
+
+<li>The interpretation of PROV-N arguments is defined according to their <em>position</em> in the list of arguments. This convention allows for a compact notation. </li>
+
+<li>The PROV data model defines <em>identifiers</em> as qualified names; in PROV-N, they are expressed as a local name optionally preceded of a prefix and a colon. </li>
+
+
+
+<li>
+PROV-N <em>optional arguments</em> need not be specified:
+the general rule for optional arguments is that, if none of them are used in the expression, then they are simply omitted, resulting in a simpler expression. However, it may be the case that only some of the optional arguments need to be specified. Because the position of the arguments in the expression matters, in this case, an additional marker must be used to indicate that a particular term is not available. The syntactic marker  '<span class="name">-</span>' is used for this purpose.
+</li>
+
+<li>Most expressions 
+include an identifier 
+and a set of attribute-value pairs; both are optional unless otherwise specified. By convention, the identifier occurs in the <em>first position</em>, and the set of attribute-value pairs in the <em>last position</em>.
+Consistent with the convention on arguments, the marker  '<span class="name">-</span>' can be used when the identifier is not available, or can be omitted altogether with no ambiguity arising. To further disambiguate expressions that contain an optional identifier, the optional identifier or marker must be followed by '<span class="name">;</span>'.
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-prov-n"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 16<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-prov-n"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+An activity with identifier <span class="name">a1</span> and an attribute <span class="name">type</span> with value <span class="name">createFile</span>.
+</p><pre class="codeexample">activity(a1, [ prov:type="createFile" ])
+</pre>
+Two entities with identifiers <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>.
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(e1)
+entity(e2)
+</pre>
+The activity  <span class="name">a1</span> used  <span class="name">e1</span>, and <span class="name">e2</span> was generated by <span class="name">a1</span>.
+<pre class="codeexample">used(a1, e1)
+wasGeneratedBy(e2, a1)
+</pre>
+The same descriptions, but with an explicit identifier <span class="name">u1</span> for the usage, and the syntactic marker '<span class="name">-</span>' to mark the absence of identifier in the generation. Both are followed by  '<span class="name">;</span>'.
+<pre class="codeexample">used(u1; a1, e1)
+wasGeneratedBy(-; e2, a1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="informative section" id="prov-dm-example"> 
+<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">4. </span>Illustration of PROV-DM by an Example</h2><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
+
+<p><a href="#section-prov-overview">Section 2</a> has introduced some provenance concepts, and how they are expressed as types or relations in the PROV data model. The purpose of this section is to put these concepts into practice in order to express the provenance of some document published on the Web.  
+With this realistic example, PROV concepts are  composed together,  and a graphical illustration shows a provenance description forming a directed graph, rooted at the entity we want to explain the provenance of, and pointing to the entities, activities, and agents it depended on. This example also shows that, sometimes, multiple provenance descriptions about the same entity can co-exist, which then justifies the need for provenance of provenance.</p>
+
+
+<p>In this example, we consider one of the many documents published by the World Wide Web Consortium, and describe its provenance. 
+Specifically, we consider the document identified by
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215</a>. Its provenance can be expressed from several perspectives: first,  provenance can take the authors' viewpoint; second, it can be concerned with the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> process. Then, attribution of these two provenance descriptions is provided.</p>
+
+
+<div id="section-example-one" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">4.1 </span>Example: The Authors View</h3>
+
+
+<p style="font-style:italic; "><b>Description:</b> A document
+is edited by some editor, using contributions from various
+contributors.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<p>In this perspective, provenance of the document
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215</a> is concerned with the editing activity as perceived by authors.  This kind of information could be used by authors in their CV or in a narrative about this document. </p>
+
+
+
+
+<p>We paraphrase some PROV descriptions, express them with the PROV-N notation, and depict them with a graphical illustration (see <a href="#prov-a-document1-top">Figure 2</a>).
+Full details of the provenance record can be found <a href="examples/w3c-publication1.provn">here</a>.</p>
+
+<div style="text-align: center; ">
+  <span class="figure" id="prov-a-document1-top">
+  <img src="images/dm/w3c-publication1.png" alt="Provenance of a Document (1)" style="max-width: 98%; "><br>
+<span class="figcaption" id="prov-a-document1">Figure 2<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#prov-a-document1"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> Provenance of a Document (part 1)  (Informative)</span> <!-- Figure 2 -->
+  </span>
+</div>
+
+
+<ul>
+<li>There was a document <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span>, which from the author's perspective was a document in its second version. 
+<pre>entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>There was an editing activity.
+<pre>activity(ex:edit1, [ prov:type="edit" ])
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>The document was generated by the editing activity: this was a <a title="concept-generation">Generation</a>. Its time is not specified, hence, the marker '-'.
+<pre>wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+
+<li>There were some agents.
+<pre>agent(ex:Paolo, [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+agent(ex:Simon, [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>Agents were assigned various responsibilities in the editing activity: contributor and editor. The plan the agent relied upon is not specified, hence, the marker '-'.
+<pre>wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Paolo, -, [ prov:role="editor" ])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Simon, -, [ prov:role="contributor" ])
+</pre>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+Provenance descriptions can be <em>illustrated</em> graphically. The illustration is not intended to represent all the details of the model, but it is intended to show the essence of a set of
+provenance descriptions [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-LAYOUT">PROV-LAYOUT</a></cite>].  Therefore, it should not be seen as an alternate notation for expressing provenance.</p>
+
+<p>The graphical illustration takes the form of a graph. Entities, activities and agents are represented as nodes, with oval, rectangular, and pentagonal shapes, respectively.  Usage,
+Generation, Derivation, and Association are represented as directed edges.</p>
+
+<p>Entities are laid out according to the ordering of their generation.  We endeavor to show time progressing from left to right. This means that edges for Usage, Generation,
+Derivation, Association typically point leftwards</p>
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="section-example-two" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">4.2 </span>Example: The Process View</h3>
+
+
+<p style="font-style:italic; "><b>Description:</b> The World Wide Web
+Consortium publishes documents according to its publication
+policy.  Working drafts are published regularly to reflect the work
+accomplished by working groups. Every publication of a working draft
+must be preceded by a "publication request" to the Webmaster.  The
+very first version of a document must also be preceded by a
+"transition request" to be approved by the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> director.  All working
+drafts are made available at a unique IRI.  In this scenario, we consider two successive versions of a given document, the policy according to which they were published, and the associated requests.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+We describe the kind of provenance record that the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium">WWW Consortium</a> could keep for auditors to check that due processes are followed. All entities involved in this example are Web resources, with well-defined IRIs (some of which refer archived email messages, available to <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Members).</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li> Two versions of a document were involved: <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> (second working draft) and <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span> (first working draft);</li>
+<li> Both <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> and <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span> were published by the WWW Consortium (<span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium">w3:Consortium</a></span>); </li>
+<li> The publication activity for <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> was <span class="name">ex:act2</span>;</li>
+<li> The publication activity for <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span> was <span class="name">ex:act1</span>;
+</li>
+
+<li> The document <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> was derived from <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span>;</li>
+
+<li> The publication activity <span class="name">ex:act1</span> used a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq">publication request</a> (<span class="name"><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/2011Oct/0141">email:2011Oct/0141</a></span>) and a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#transreq">transition request</a> (<span class="name"><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/chairs/2011OctDec/0004">chairs:2011OctDec/0004</a></span>);</li>
+<li> The publication activity <span class="name">ex:act2</span> used a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq">publication request</a> (<span class="name"><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/2011Dec/0111">email:2011Dec/0111</a></span>);</li>
+<li> Documents were published according to the process rules (<span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#rec-advance">process:rec-advance</a></span>), a plan in PROV terminology.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+We now paraphrase some PROV descriptions, and express them with the PROV-N notation, and depict them with a graphical illustration (see <a href="#prov-a-document2-top">Figure 3</a>). Full details of the provenance record can be found <a href="examples/w3c-publication2.provn">here</a>.
+
+</p><div style="text-align: center;">
+  <span class="figure" id="prov-a-document2-top">
+  <img src="images/dm/w3c-publication2.png" alt="Provenance of a Document (2)" style="max-width: 90%; "><br>
+<span class="figcaption" id="prov-a-document2">Figure 3<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#prov-a-document2"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> Provenance of a Document (part 2) (Informative)</span> <!-- figure 3 -->
+  </span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<ul>
+<li>There was a document, a working draft (<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/02pd/rec54#WD">rec54:WD</a>), which is an entity so that we can describe its provenance. Similar descriptions exist for all entities.
+<pre>entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type='rec54:WD' ])
+</pre>
+</li>
+<li>There was a publication activity.
+<pre>activity(ex:act2, [ prov:type="publish" ])
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>The document was generated by the publication activity: this was a <a title="concept-Generation">Generation</a>. Its time is not specified, hence, the marker '-'.
+<pre>wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:act2, -)
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+
+<li>The second draft of the document was derived from the first draft: this was a <a title="concept-Derivation">Derivation</a>.
+<pre>wasDerivedFrom(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018)
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>The activity required a publication request: this was a <a title="concept-Usage">Usage</a>. Its time is not specified, hence, the marker '-'.
+<pre>used(ex:act2, email:2011Dec/0111, -)
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>The activity was associated with the Consortium agent, and proceeded according to its publication policy: this is an <a title="concept-activityAssociation">Activity Association</a>.
+<pre>wasAssociatedWith(ex:act2, w3:Consortium, process:rec-advance)
+</pre>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<p> This simple example has shown a variety of PROV concepts, such as Entity, Agent, Activity, Usage, Generation, Derivation, and Association. In this example, it happens that all entities were already Web resources, with readily available IRIs, which we used. We note that some of the resources are public, whereas others have restricted access: provenance statements only make use of their identifiers. If identifiers do not pre-exist, e.g. for activities, then they can be generated, for instance <span class="name">ex:act2</span>, occurring in the namespace identified by prefix <span class="name">ex</span>.  We note that the IRI scheme developed by <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> is particularly suited for expressing provenance of these documents, since each IRI denotes a specific version of a document. It then becomes easy to relate the various versions with  PROV relations. We note that an Association is a ternary relation (represented by a multi-edge labeled wasAssociatedWith) from an activity to an agent and a plan.</p>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="section-example-c" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">4.3 </span>Example: Attribution of Provenance</h3>
+
+<p>The two previous sections  offer two different perspectives on the provenance of a document.  PROV allows for multiple sources to provide the provenance of a subject. For users to decide whether they can place their trust in the document, they may want to analyze its provenance, but also determine who the provenance is attributed to, and when it was
+generated, etc. In other words, we need to be able to express the provenance of provenance.</p>
+
+<p>PROV-DM offers a construct to name a bundle of provenance descriptions (full details: <a href="examples/w3c-publication1.provn">ex:author-view</a>). </p>
+
+<pre class="codeexample">bundle ex:author-view
+
+  agent(ex:Paolo,   [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+  agent(ex:Simon,   [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+
+
+...
+
+endBundle
+</pre>
+
+Likewise, the process view can be expressed as a separate named bundle (full details: <a href="examples/w3c-publication2.provn">ex:process-view</a>).
+<pre class="codeexample">bundle ex:process-view
+
+   agent(w3:Consortium, [ prov:type='prov:Organization' ])
+
+...
+
+endBundle
+</pre>
+
+<p>To express their respective provenance, these bundles must be seen as entities, and all PROV constructs are now available to express their provenance. In the example below, <span class="name">ex:author-view</span> is attributed to the agent  <span class="name">ex:Simon</span>, whereas <span class="name">ex:process-view</span> to  <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>.
+
+</p><pre class="codeexample">entity(ex:author-view, [ prov:type='prov:Bundle' ])
+wasAttributedTo(ex:author-view, ex:Simon)
+
+entity(ex:process-view, [ prov:type='prov:Bundle' ])
+wasAttributedTo(ex:process-view, w3:Consortium)
+</pre>
+
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="data-model-components" class="section"> 
+
+<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">5. </span>PROV-DM Types and Relations</h2>
+
+<p>Provenance concepts, expressed as PROV-DM types and relations, are organized according to six components that are defined in this section.
+The components and their dependencies are illustrated in <a href="#prov-dm-components">Figure 4</a>. A component that relies on concepts defined in another is displayed above it in the figure.  So, for example, component 5 (alternate) depends on concepts defined in component 4 (bundles), itself dependent on concepts defined in component 1 (entity and activity).
+</p>
+
+<div id="prov-dm-components-ul">
+<ul>
+<li><b>Component 1: entities and activities.</b> The first component consists of entities, activities, and concepts linking them, such as generation, usage, start, end. The first component is the only one comprising time-related concepts. </li>
+<li><b>Component 2: derivations.</b>  The second component is formed with derivations and derivation subtypes.</li>
+<li><b>Component 3: agents, responsibility, and influence.</b> The third component consists of agents and concepts ascribing responsibility to agents.</li>
+<li><b>Component 4: bundles.</b> The fourth component is concerned with bundles, a mechanism to support provenance of provenance.</li>
+<li><b>Component 5: alternate.</b> The fifth component consists of relations linking entities referring to the same thing. </li>
+<li><b>Component 6: collections.</b> The sixth component is about collections. </li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<span class="figure" style="max-width: 95%; ">
+<img usemap="#componentMap" src="images/dm/components-dependencies.png" alt="PROV-DM Components" style="max-width: 90%; ">
+<map id="componentMap" name="componentMap">
+<area title="agents/responsibility" href="#component3" coords="0,0,67,268" alt="agents/responsibility" shape="rect">
+<area title="agents/responsibility" href="#component3" coords="67,0,134,201" alt="agents/responsibility" shape="rect">
+<area title="agents/responsibility" href="#component3" coords="134,0,201,67" alt="agents/responsibility" shape="rect">
+<area title="derivations" href="#component2" coords="201,0,268,201" alt="derivations" shape="rect">
+<area title="derivations" href="#component2" coords="134,67,201,201" alt="derivations" shape="rect">
+<!--<area title="alternate"   href="#component5" coords="268,0,335,67" alt="alternate"   shape="rect"/> -->
+<area title="alternate" href="#component5" coords="335,0,402,201" alt="alternate" shape="rect">
+<area title="collections" href="#component6" coords="402,0,469,201" alt="collections" shape="rect">
+<area title="activities/entities" href="#component1" coords="67,201,469,268" alt="activities/entities" shape="rect">
+<area title="bundles" href="#component4" coords="268,0,402,201" alt="bundles" shape="rect">
+</map>
+<br>
+<span class="figcaption" id="prov-dm-components">Figure 4<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#prov-dm-components"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> PROV-DM Components (Informative)</span>  <!-- Figure 4 -->
+</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+While  not all PROV-DM relations are binary, they all involve two primary elements. Hence, <a href="#relations-at-a-glance">Table 4</a> indexes all relations (except <a href="#dfn-wasinfluencedby" class="internalDFN">wasInfluencedBy</a>) according to their two primary elements (referred to as subject and object).  The table adopts the same color scheme as <a href="#prov-dm-components">Figure 4</a>, allowing components to be readily identified.
+Relation names appearing in bold correspond to the core structures introduced
+in <a href="#core-structures">Section 2.1</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div id="relations-at-a-glance-div" style="text-align: center;">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="relations-at-a-glance"><span>Table 4<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#relations-at-a-glance"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> </span>PROV-DM Relations At a Glance</caption> <!-- Table 4 -->
+<tbody><tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td colspan="6">Object</td></tr> 
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td colspan="2">Entity</td><td colspan="2">Activity</td><td colspan="2">Agent</td></tr> 
+<tr><td rowspan="3">Subject</td><td>Entity</td><td colspan="2"><div class="component2-color"><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasderivedfrom">WasDerivedFrom</a><br><a href="#concept-revision" class="internalDFN">Revision</a><br><a href="#concept-quotation" class="internalDFN">Quotation</a><br><a>PrimarySource</a></div><div class="component5-color"><a href="#dfn-alternateof" class="internalDFN">AlternateOf</a><br><a href="#dfn-specializationof" class="internalDFN">SpecializationOf</a></div><div class="component6-color"><a href="#dfn-hadmember" class="internalDFN">HadMember</a></div></td><td class="component1-color"><a class="essential internalDFN" title="wasGeneratedBy" href="#dfn-wasgeneratedby">WasGeneratedBy</a><br><a title="wasInvalidatedBy" href="#dfn-wasinvalidatedby" class="internalDFN">WasInvalidatedBy</a></td><td class="component1-color" style="font-style: italic; "><a title="role" href="#concept-role" class="internalDFN">R</a><br><a title="time" href="#dfn-time" class="internalDFN">T</a><br><a title="location" href="#concept-location" class="internalDFN">L</a><br></td><td class="component3-color" colspan="2"><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasattributedto">WasAttributedTo</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Activity</td><td class="component1-color"><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-used">Used</a><br><a href="#dfn-wasstartedby" class="internalDFN">WasStartedBy</a><br><a href="#dfn-wasendedby" class="internalDFN">WasEndedBy</a></td><td class="component1-color" style="font-style: italic; "><a title="role" href="#concept-role" class="internalDFN">R</a><br><a title="time" href="#dfn-time" class="internalDFN">T</a><br><a title="location" href="#concept-location" class="internalDFN">L</a><br></td><td colspan="2" class="component1-color"><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasinformedby">WasInformedBy</a></td><td class="component3-color"><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasassociatedwith">WasAssociatedWith</a></td><td class="component3-color" style="font-style: italic; "><a title="role" href="#concept-role" class="internalDFN">R</a><br></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Agent</td><td colspan="2">—</td><td colspan="2">—</td><td class="component3-color" colspan="2"><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-actedonbehalfof">ActedOnBehalfOf</a></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+<p>The letters 'R' and 'L' appearing in the right-hand side of some cells of <a href="#relations-at-a-glance">Table 4</a> indicate that attributes 
+<a title="role" href="#concept-role" class="internalDFN">prov:role</a> (<a class="section-ref" href="#term-attribute-role"><span>Section 5.7.2.3</span></a>)
+and
+<a title="location" href="#concept-location" class="internalDFN">prov:location</a> (<a class="section-ref" href="#term-attribute-location"><span>Section 5.7.2.2</span></a>)
+are permitted for these relations.
+The letter 'T' indicates an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> <a title="time" href="#dfn-time" class="internalDFN">time</a> is also permitted.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+Some PROV-DM relations are not binary and involve extra optional element. They are summarized in  <a href="#secondary-elements-relations-at-a-glance-div">Table 5</a> grouping secondary objects, according to their type.  The table also adopts the same color scheme as <a href="#prov-dm-components">Figure 4</a>, allowing components to be readily identified. None of these relations correspond to the core structures introduced
+in <a href="#core-structures">Section 2.1</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div id="secondary-elements-relations-at-a-glance-div" style="text-align: center;">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="secondary-elements-relations-at-a-glance"><span>Table 5<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#secondary-elements-relations-at-a-glance"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> </span>Secondary optional elements in PROV-DM Relations</caption> <!-- Table 4 -->
+<tbody><tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td colspan="3">Secondary Object</td></tr> 
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td>Entity</td><td>Activity</td><td>Agent</td></tr> 
+<tr><td rowspan="3">Subject</td><td>Entity</td><td>—</td><td class="component2-color"><a href="#dfn-wasderivedfrom" class="internalDFN">WasDerivedFrom</a> (<a href="#derivation.activity">activity</a>)</td><td>—</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Activity</td><td class="component3-color"><a href="#dfn-wasassociatedwith" class="internalDFN">WasAssociatedWith</a> (<a href="#association.plan">plan</a>)</td><td class="component1-color"><a href="#dfn-wasstartedby" class="internalDFN">WasStartedBy</a> (<a href="#start.starter">starter</a>)<br><a href="#dfn-wasendedby" class="internalDFN">WasEndedBy</a> (<a href="#end.ender">ender</a>)</td><td>—</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Agent</td><td>—</td><td class="component3-color"><a href="#dfn-actedonbehalfof" class="internalDFN">ActedOnBehalfOf</a> (<a href="#delegation.activity">activity</a>)</td><td>—</td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+<p><a href="#prov-dm-types-and-relations">Table 6</a> is a complete index of all the types and relations of PROV-DM, color-coded according to the component they belong to.  In the first column,  concept names  link to their informal definition, whereas, in the second column, representations link to the information used to represent the concept. Concept names appearing in bold in the first column are the core structures introduced in <a href="#core-structures">Section 2.1</a>. Likewise, these core structures have their names and parameters highlighted in bold in the second column (prov-n representation); expanded structures are not represented with a bold font.</p>
+
+
+<div id="prov-dm-types-and-relations-fig" style="text-align: left;">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="prov-dm-types-and-relations"><span>Table 6<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#prov-dm-types-and-relations"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> </span>PROV-DM Types and Relations</caption> <!-- Table 6-->
+<tbody><tr><td><a><b>Type or Relation Name</b></a></td><td><b>Representation in the PROV-N notation</b></td><td><b>Component</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+<tr class="component1-color"><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td><td><a title="dfn-Entity" class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-entity">entity(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a></td><td rowspan="8"><a href="#component1">Component 1: Entities/Activities</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a></td><td><a title="dfn-Activity" class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-activity">activity(id, st, et, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a></td><td><a title="wasGeneratedBy" href="#dfn-wasgeneratedby" class="internalDFN"><span class="essential">wasGeneratedBy(</span>id;<span class="essential">e,a</span>,t,attrs<span class="essential">)</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a></td><td><a title="used" href="#dfn-used" class="internalDFN"><span class="essential">used(</span>id;<span class="essential">a,e</span>,t,attrs<span class="essential">)</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN">Communication</a></td><td><a title="wasInformedBy" href="#dfn-wasinformedby" class="internalDFN"><span class="essential">wasInformedBy(</span>id;<span class="essential">a2,a1</span>,attrs<span class="essential">)</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a></td><td><a title="wasStartedBy" href="#dfn-wasstartedby" class="internalDFN">wasStartedBy(id;a2,e,a1,t,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a></td><td><a title="wasEndedBy" href="#dfn-wasendedby" class="internalDFN">wasEndedBy(id;a2,e,a1,t,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</a></td><td><a title="wasInvalidatedBy" href="#dfn-wasinvalidatedby" class="internalDFN">wasInvalidatedBy(id;e,a,t,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr class="component2-color"><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">Derivation</a></td><td><a title="wasDerivedFrom" href="#dfn-wasderivedfrom" class="internalDFN"><span class="essential">wasDerivedFrom(</span>id; <span class="essential">e2, e1</span>, a, g2, u1, attrs<span class="essential">)</span></a></td><td rowspan="4"><a href="#component2">Component 2: Derivations</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component2-color"><td class="provType"><a href="#concept-revision" class="internalDFN">Revision</a></td><td><a title="dfn-revision">... prov:type='prov:Revision' ...</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component2-color"><td class="provType"><a href="#concept-quotation" class="internalDFN">Quotation</a></td><td><a title="dfn-quotation">... prov:type='prov:Quotation' ...</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component2-color"><td class="provType"><a href="#concept-primary-source" class="internalDFN">Primary Source</a></td><td><a title="dfn-primary-source">... prov:type='prov:PrimarySource' ...</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+<tr class="component3-color" style="border-collapse: collapse; "><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a></td><td><a title="dfn-agent" class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-agent">agent(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a></td><td rowspan="9"><a href="#component3">Component 3: Agents, Responsibility, Influence</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">Attribution</a></td><td><a title="wasAttributedTo" href="#dfn-wasattributedto" class="internalDFN"><span class="essential">wasAttributedTo(</span>id;<span class="essential">e,ag</span>,attr<span class="essential">)</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">Association</a></td><td><a title="wasAssociatedWith" href="#dfn-wasassociatedwith" class="internalDFN"><span class="essential">wasAssociatedWith(</span>id;<span class="essential">a,ag</span>,pl,attrs<span class="essential">)</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-delegation" class="internalDFN">Delegation</a></td><td><a title="actedOnBehalfOf" href="#dfn-actedonbehalfof" class="internalDFN"><span class="essential">actedOnBehalfOf(</span>id;<span class="essential">ag2,ag1</span>,a,attrs<span class="essential">)</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td class="provType"><a href="#concept-plan" class="internalDFN">Plan</a></td><td><a title="plan" href="#concept-plan" class="internalDFN">... prov:type='prov:Plan' ...</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td class="provType"><a href="#concept-person" class="internalDFN">Person</a></td><td><a title="person" href="#concept-person" class="internalDFN">... prov:type='prov:Person' ...</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td class="provType"><a href="#concept-organization" class="internalDFN">Organization</a></td><td><a title="organization" href="#concept-organization" class="internalDFN">... prov:type='prov:Organization' ...</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td class="provType"><a title="software-agent" href="#concept-software-agent" class="internalDFN">SoftwareAgent</a></td><td><a title="software-agent" href="#concept-software-agent" class="internalDFN">... prov:type='prov:SoftwareAgent' ...</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td><a href="#concept-influence" class="internalDFN">Influence</a></td><td><a title="wasInfluencedBy" href="#dfn-wasinfluencedby" class="internalDFN">wasInfluencedBy(id;e2,e1,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+
+
+<tr class="component4-color"><td><a title="bundle" href="#concept-bundle" class="internalDFN">Bundle constructor</a></td><td><a title="dfn-bundle" href="#dfn-bundle-constructor" class="internalDFN">bundle id description_1 ... description_n endBundle</a></td><td rowspan="2"><a href="#component4">Component 4: Bundles</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component4-color"><td class="provType"><a title="bundle" href="#concept-bundle" class="internalDFN">Bundle type</a></td><td><a title="bundle" href="#concept-bundle" class="internalDFN">... prov:type='prov:Bundle' ...</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr class="component5-color"><td><a href="#concept-alternate" class="internalDFN">Alternate</a></td><td><a title="alternateOf" href="#dfn-alternateof" class="internalDFN">alternateOf(alt1, alt2)</a></td><td rowspan="2"><a href="#component5">Component 5: Alternate</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component5-color"><td><a href="#concept-specialization" class="internalDFN">Specialization</a></td><td><a title="specializationOf" href="#dfn-specializationof" class="internalDFN">specializationOf(infra, supra)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr class="component6-color"><td class="provType"><a href="#concept-collection" class="internalDFN">Collection</a></td><td><a title="collection" href="#concept-collection" class="internalDFN">... prov:type='prov:Collection' ...</a></td><td rowspan="3"><a href="#component6">Component 6: Collections</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component6-color"><td class="provType"><a title="empty collection" href="#concept-empty-collection" class="internalDFN">EmptyCollection</a></td><td><a title="empty collection" href="#concept-empty-collection" class="internalDFN">... prov:type='prov:EmptyCollection' ...</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component6-color"><td><a href="#concept-membership" class="internalDFN">Membership</a></td><td><a title="hadMember" href="#dfn-hadmember" class="internalDFN">hadMember(c,e)</a></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+In the rest of the section, each type and relation is defined informally,
+ followed by a summary of the information used to represent the concept, and
+ illustrated with PROV-N examples.</p>
+
+
+<div id="component1" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">5.1 </span>Component 1: Entities and Activities</h3>
+
+<p>The first component of PROV-DM is concerned with <a title="entity" href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">entities</a> and <a title="activity" href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">activities</a>, and their interrelations: Used (<a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>), WasGeneratedBy (<a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a>), WasStartedBy (<a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a>), WasEndedBy (<a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a>), WasInvalidatedBy (<a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</a>), and WasInformedBy (<a href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN">Communication</a>).  <a href="#figure-component1">Figure 5</a> uses UML to depict the first component.
+Core structures are displayed in the yellow area, consisting of two classes (<a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a>, <a href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a>) and three binary associations between them: Used (<a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>), WasGeneratedBy (<a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a>), and WasInformedBy (<a href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN">Communication</a>). The rest of the figure displays extended structures, including UML association classes (see [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-UML">UML</a></cite>], section 7.3.4, p. 42), represented in gray, to express expanded n-ary relations for Used (<a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>), WasGeneratedBy (<a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a>), WasInvalidatedBy (<a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</a>), WasStartedBy (<a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a>), WasEndedBy (<a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a>). The figure also makes explicit associations with <em>time</em> for these concepts (time being marked with the primitive stereotype).   When not specified, cardinality is assumed to be 0..*.
+</p>
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<span class="figure" style="max-width: 95%; ">
+<img src="uml/component1.png" alt="entities and activities"><br>
+<span class="figcaption" id="figure-component1">Figure 5<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#figure-component1"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> Entities and Activities Component Overview (Informative)</span> <!-- Figure 5 -->
+</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+   <div id="term-entity" class="section"> 
+      
+<h4><span class="secno">5.1.1 </span>Entity</h4>
+
+
+<div class="glossary-ref">   An <dfn id="concept-entity" class="internalDFN">entity</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-entity"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is a physical, digital, conceptual, or other kind of thing with some fixed aspects; entities may be real or imaginary. </div>
+
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-entity">An <dfn title="dfn-Entity" id="dfn-entity" class="internalDFN">entity</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-entity"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-entity">entity(id, [attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-N, </span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="entity.id">id</span>: an identifier for an entity; </li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="entity.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set of attribute-value  pairs ((<span class="name">attr1</span>, <span class="name">val1</span>), ...) representing additional information about the fixed aspects of this entity.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-entity"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 17<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-entity"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+The following expression</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
+</pre>
+states the existence of an entity, denoted by identifier <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>,  with type <span class="name">document</span> and version number <span class="name">2</span>. The attribute <span class="name">ex:version</span> is application specific, whereas the attribute <span class="name">type</span> (see <a href="#term-attribute-type">Section 5.7.4.4</a>) is reserved in the <a title="prov-namespace" href="#dfn-prov-namespace" class="internalDFN">PROV namespace</a>.
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+    </div> 
+
+    <div id="term-Activity" class="section"> 
+      
+<h4><span class="secno">5.1.2 </span>Activity</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref">   An <dfn id="concept-activity" class="internalDFN">activity</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-activity"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>  is something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with entities;  it may include consuming, processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, or generating entities.  </div>
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-activity"> An <dfn title="dfn-Activity" id="dfn-activity" class="internalDFN">activity</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-activity"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-activity">activity(id, st, et, [attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="activity.id">id</span>: an identifier for an activity;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="activity.startTime">startTime</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> time (<span class="name">st</span>) for the start of the activity;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="activity.endTime">endTime</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> time (<span class="name">et</span>) for the end of the activity;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="activity.attributes">attributes</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set of attribute-value pairs ((<span class="name">attr1</span>, <span class="name">val1</span>), ...) representing additional information about this activity.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-activity"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 18<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-activity"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+The following expression</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">activity(a1, 2011-11-16T16:05:00, 2011-11-16T16:06:00,
+        [ ex:host="server.example.org", prov:type='ex:edit' ])
+</pre>
+<p>states the existence of an activity with identifier <span class="name">a1</span>, start time <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:05:00</span>, and end time <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:06:00</span>, running on host <span class="name">server.example.org</span>, and of type <span class="name">edit</span>.  The attribute <span class="name">host</span>  is application specific  (declared in some namespace with prefix <span class="name">ex</span>).  The attribute <span class="name">type</span> is a reserved attribute of PROV-DM, allowing for sub-typing to be expressed  (see <a href="#term-attribute-type">Section 5.7.4.4</a>).</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>Further considerations:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>An activity is not an entity. This distinction is similar to the distinction between 
+'continuant' and 'occurrent' in logic [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-Logic">Logic</a></cite>].
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-Generation" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.1.3 </span>Generation</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref">   <dfn id="concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-generation"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is the completion of production of a new entity by an activity. This entity did not exist before generation and becomes available for usage after this generation. </div>
+
+<p>Given that a generation is the completion of production of an entity, 
+it is instantaneous.</p>
+
+<p>
+</p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-generation"><dfn title="wasGeneratedBy" id="dfn-wasgeneratedby" class="internalDFN">Generation</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasgeneratedby"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasGeneratedBy(id; e, a, t, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="generation.id">id</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier for a generation;</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="generation.entity">entity</span>:  an identifier (<span class="name">e</span>) for a created entity; </li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="generation.activity">activity</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) for the activity that creates the entity;</li>
+
+<li><span class="attribute" id="generation.time">time</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> "generation time" (<span class="name">t</span>), the time at which the entity was completely created;</li>
+
+<li><span class="attribute" id="generation.attributes">attributes</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this generation.</li>
+</ul></div>
+<p>While each of <a href="#generation.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="#generation.activity"><span class="attribute">activity</span></a>, <a href="#generation.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="#generation.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> is <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em>, at least one of them <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-generation1"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 19<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-generation1"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+The following expressions</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">  wasGeneratedBy(e1, a1, 2001-10-26T21:32:52, [ ex:port="p1" ])
+  wasGeneratedBy(e2, a1, 2001-10-26T10:00:00, [ ex:port="p2" ])
+</pre>
+<p>state the existence of two generations (with respective times <span class="name">2001-10-26T21:32:52</span> and <span class="name">2001-10-26T10:00:00</span>), at which new entities,  identified by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, were created by an
+activity,  identified by <span class="name">a1</span>.
+The first one was available  on port <span class="name">p1</span>, whereas the other was available on port <span class="name">p2</span>.  The semantics of <span class="name">port</span> are application specific.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-generation2"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 20<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-generation2"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+In some cases, we may want to record the time at which an entity was generated without having to specify the activity that generated it. To support this requirement, the activity element in generation is optional. Hence,  the following expression indicates the time at which an entity is generated, without naming the activity that did it.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">  wasGeneratedBy(e, -, 2001-10-26T21:32:52)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="term-Usage" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.1.4 </span>Usage</h4>
+
+<p><span class="glossary-ref">   <dfn id="concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-usage"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is the beginning of utilizing an entity by an activity. Before usage, the activity had not begun to utilize this entity and could not have been affected by the entity. </span>  (Note: This definition is formulated for a given usage; it is permitted for an activity to have used a same entity multiple times.)</p>
+
+<p>Given that a usage  is  the beginning of utilizing an entity, it is 
+instantaneous.</p>
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-usage"><dfn title="used" id="dfn-used" class="internalDFN">Usage</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-used"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">used(id; a, e, t, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="usage.id">id</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier for a usage;</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="usage.activity">activity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) for the activity that used an entity;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="usage.entity">entity</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">e</span>) for the  entity being used;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="usage.time">time</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> "usage time" (<span class="name">t</span>), the time at which the entity started to be used;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="usage.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this usage.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+<p>While each of <a href="#usage.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="#usage.entity"><span class="attribute">entity</span></a>, <a href="#usage.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="#usage.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> is <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em>, at least one of them <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present.</p>
+
+<p>
+A reference to a given entity <em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em> appear in multiple usages that share
+ a given activity identifier. 
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-usage"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 21<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-usage"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>The following usages</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">  used(a1, e1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ ex:parameter="p1" ])
+  used(a1, e2, 2011-11-16T16:00:01, [ ex:parameter="p2" ])
+</pre>
+<p>state that the activity identified by <span class="name">a1</span> used two entities identified by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, at times <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> and  <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:01</span>, respectively; the first
+one was found as the value of parameter <span class="name">p1</span>, whereas the second was found as value of parameter <span class="name">p2</span>.  The semantics of <span class="name">parameter</span> is application specific.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-Communication" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.1.5 </span>Communication</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref">   <dfn id="concept-communication" class="internalDFN">Communication</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-communication"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is the exchange of some unspecified entity by two activities, one activity using some entity generated by the other. </div>
+
+
+<p>A communication implies that activity  <span class="name">a2</span> is dependent on another <span class="name">a1</span>, by way of some unspecified entity that is generated by <span class="name">a1</span> and used by <span class="name">a2</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-wasInformedBy">
+A <dfn title="wasInformedBy" id="dfn-wasinformedby" class="internalDFN">communication</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasinformedby"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup><span class="withPn">, written as 
+<span class="pnExpression">wasInformedBy(id; a2, a1, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has: 
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="communication.id">id</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier  identifying the relation;</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="communication.informed">informed</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">a2</span>) of the informed activity;
+</li><li><span class="attribute" id="communication.informant">informant</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">a1</span>) of the informant activity;
+</li><li><span class="attribute" id="communication.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this communication.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-communication"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 22<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-communication"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+Consider two activities  <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>, the former performed by a government agency, and the latter by a driver caught speeding. 
+</p><pre class="codeexample">activity(a1, [ prov:type="traffic regulations enforcing" ])
+activity(a2, [ prov:type="fine paying" ])
+wasInformedBy(a2, a1)
+</pre>
+The last line indicates that some implicit entity was generated by  <span class="name">a1</span> and used by  <span class="name">a2</span>; this entity may be a traffic ticket that had a notice of fine, amount, and payment mailing details.
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-Start" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.1.6 </span>Start</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref">   <dfn id="concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-start"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is when an activity is deemed to have been started by an entity, known as <dfn id="concept-start-trigger" class="internalDFN">trigger</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-start-trigger"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>.  The activity did not exist before its start. Any usage, generation, or invalidation involving an activity follows the activity's start. A start may refer to a trigger entity that set off the activity, or to an activity, known as <dfn id="concept-start-starter" class="internalDFN">starter</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-start-starter"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>, that generated the trigger. </div>
+
+<p>Given that a start is when an activity is deemed to have started, it 
+is instantaneous.</p>
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-start">An activity <dfn title="wasStartedBy" id="dfn-wasstartedby" class="internalDFN">start</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasstartedby"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasStartedBy(id; a2, e, a1, t, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="start.id">id</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier for the activity start;</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="start.activity">activity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">a2</span>) for the started activity;</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="start.trigger">trigger</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">e</span>) for the entity triggering the activity;</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="start.starter">starter</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">a1</span>) for the activity that generated the (possibly unspecified) entity (<span class="name">e</span>);</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="start.time">time</span>: the <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> time (<span class="name">t</span>) at which the activity was started; </li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="start.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this activity start.
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+
+<p>While each of <a href="#start.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="#start.trigger"><span class="attribute">trigger</span></a>, <a href="#start.starter"><span class="attribute">starter</span></a>, <a href="#start.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="#start.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> is <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em>, at least one of them <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present.</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-start1"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 23<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-start1"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+The following example contains the description of an activity <span class="name">a1</span> (a discussion), which was started at a specific time, and was triggered by an email message <span class="name">e1</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(e1, [ prov:type="email message"] )
+activity(a1, [ prov:type="Discuss" ])
+wasStartedBy(a1, e1, -, 2011-11-16T16:05:00)
+</pre>
+Furthermore, if the message is also an input to the activity, this can be described as follows:
+<pre class="codeexample">used(a1, e1, -)
+</pre>
+<p>Alternatively, one can also describe the activity that generated the email message.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">activity(a0, [ prov:type="Write" ])
+wasGeneratedBy(e1, a0)
+wasStartedBy(a1, e1, a0, 2011-11-16T16:05:00)
+</pre>
+<p>If <span class="name">e1</span> is not known, it would also be valid to write:
+</p><pre class="codeexample">wasStartedBy(a1, -, a0, 2011-11-16T16:05:00)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-start2"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 24<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-start2"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+In the following example, a race is started by a bang, and responsibility for this trigger is attributed to an agent 
+ <span class="name">ex:Bob</span>.
+</p><pre class="codeexample">activity(ex:foot_race)
+entity(ex:bang)
+wasStartedBy(ex:foot_race, ex:bang, -, 2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00)
+agent(ex:Bob)
+wasAttributedTo(ex:bang, ex:Bob)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-start3"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 25<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-start3"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+In this example, filling fuel was started as a consequence of
+observing low fuel. The trigger entity is unspecified, it could
+for instance have been the low fuel warning light, the fuel tank
+indicator needle position, or the engine not running properly.
+
+
+</p><pre class="codeexample" id="anexample-start4">activity(ex:filling-fuel)
+activity(ex:observing-low-fuel)
+
+agent(ex:driver, [ prov:type='prov:Person'  )
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:filling-fuel, ex:driver)
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:observing-low-fuel, ex:driver)
+
+wasStartedBy(ex:filling-fuel, -, ex:observing-low-fuel, -)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>The relations wasStartedBy and used are orthogonal, and thus need to be expressed independently, according to the situation being described.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-End" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.1.7 </span>End</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref">   <dfn id="concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-end"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is when an activity is deemed to have been ended by an entity, known as <dfn id="concept-end-trigger" class="internalDFN">trigger</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-end-trigger"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>.  The activity no longer exists after its end. Any usage, generation, or invalidation involving an activity precedes the activity's end. An end may refer to a trigger entity that terminated the activity, or to an activity, known as <dfn id="concept-end-ender" class="internalDFN">ender</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-end-ender"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> that generated the trigger. </div>
+
+<p>Given that an end is when an activity is deemed to have ended, it is 
+instantaneous.</p>
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-end">An activity <dfn title="wasEndedBy" id="dfn-wasendedby" class="internalDFN">end</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasendedby"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasEndedBy(id; a2, e, a1, t, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="end.id">id</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier for the activity end;</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="end.activity">activity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">a2</span>) for the ended activity;
+</li><li><span class="attribute" id="end.trigger">trigger</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">e</span>) for the entity triggering the activity ending;
+</li><li><span class="attribute" id="end.ender">ender</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">a1</span>) for the activity that generated the (possibly unspecified) entity (<span class="name">e</span>);</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="end.time">time</span>: the <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> time (<span class="name">t</span>) at which the activity was ended; </li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="end.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this activity end.
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+
+<p>While each of <a href="#end.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="#end.trigger"><span class="attribute">trigger</span></a>, <a href="#end.ender"><span class="attribute">ender</span></a>, <a href="#end.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="#end.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> is <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em>, at least one of them <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present.</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-end"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 26<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-end"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+The following example is a description of an activity <span class="name">a1</span> (editing) that was ended following an approval document <span class="name">e1</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(e1, [ prov:type="approval document" ])
+activity(a1, [ prov:type="Editing" ])
+wasEndedBy(a1, e1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-Invalidation" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.1.8 </span>Invalidation</h4>
+
+
+<div class="glossary-ref">   <dfn id="concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-invalidation"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is the start of the destruction, cessation, or expiry of an existing entity by an activity. The entity is no longer available for use (or further invalidation) after invalidation. Any generation or usage of an entity precedes its invalidation.</div>
+
+<p>Given that an invalidation is the start  of destruction, cessation, or 
+expiry, it is instantaneous.</p>
+
+<p>
+Entities have a duration. Generation marks the beginning of an entity, whereas invalidation marks its end. 
+An entity's lifetime can end for different reasons:</p>
+<ul>
+<li> an entity was destroyed: e.g. a painting was destroyed by fire; a Web page is taken out of a site;
+</li><li> an entity was consumed: e.g. Bob ate all his soup, Alice ran out of gas when driving to work;
+</li><li> an entity expires: e.g. a "buy one beer, get one free" offer is valid during happy hour (7-8pm);
+</li><li> an entity is time limited: e.g. the BBC news site on April 3rd, 2012;
+</li><li> an entity attribute is changing: e.g. the traffic light changed from green to red.
+</li></ul>
+<p>In the first two cases, the entity has physically disappeared after its termination: there is no more soup, or painting.  In the third case, there may be an "offer voucher" that still exists, but it is no longer valid; likewise, on April 4th, the BBC news site still exists but it is not the same entity as BBC news Web site on April 3rd; or the 
+green traffic light (an entity with a fixed aspect green light) became the
+red traffic light (anohter entity with a fixed aspect red light).
+</p>
+
+
+
+<p>
+</p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-invalidation"><dfn title="wasInvalidatedBy" id="dfn-wasinvalidatedby" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasinvalidatedby"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasInvalidatedBy(id; e, a, t, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.id">id</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier for a invalidation;</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.entity">entity</span>:  an identifier for the invalidated entity; </li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.activity">activity</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier for the activity that invalidated the entity;</li>
+
+<li><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.time">time</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> "invalidation time", the time at which the entity began to be invalidated;</li>
+
+<li><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.attributes">attributes</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this invalidation.</li>
+</ul></div>
+<p>While each of <a href="#invalidation.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="#invalidation.activity"><span class="attribute">activity</span></a>, <a href="#invalidation.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="#invalidation.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> is <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em>, at least one of them <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-invalidation1"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 27<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-invalidation1"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+<em>The Painter</em>, a Picasso painting, is known to have been destroyed in a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_artworks#20th_century">plane accident</a>.
+
+</p><pre class="codeexample">entity(ex:The-Painter)
+agent(ex:Picasso)
+wasAttributedTo(ex:The-Painter, ex:Picasso)
+activity(ex:crash)
+wasInvalidatedBy(ex:The-Painter, ex:crash, 1998-09-03T01:31:00, [ ex:circumstances="plane accident" ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-invalidation2"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 28<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-invalidation2"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+The BBC news home page on 2012-04-03 <span class="name">ex:bbcNews2012-04-03</span>
+contained a reference to a given news item
+ <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-17595024">bbc:news/uk-17595024</a>,
+but the BBC news home page on the next day did not.
+</p><pre class="codeexample">entity(ex:bbcNews2012-04-03)
+hadMember(ex:bbcNews2012-04-03, bbc:news/uk-17595024)
+wasGeneratedBy  (ex:bbcNews2012-04-03, -, 2012-04-03T00:00:01)
+wasInvalidatedBy(ex:bbcNews2012-04-03, -, 2012-04-03T23:59:59)
+</pre>
+
+We refer to example
+<a href="#anexample-specialization" class="anexample-ref"><span>Example 43</span></a>
+ for further descriptions of the BBC Web site, and to  <a href="#term-membership">Section 5.6.2</a> for a description of the relation <a title="hadMember" href="#dfn-hadmember" class="internalDFN">hadMember</a>.
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-invalidation3"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 29<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-invalidation3"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+In this example, the  "buy one beer, get one free" offer expired at the end of the happy hour.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour)
+wasAttributedTo(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour, proprietor)
+wasInvalidatedBy(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour,
+                 -,2012-03-10T18:00:00)
+</pre>
+<p>In contrast, in the following descriptions, Bob redeemed the offer 45 minutes before it expired, and got two beers.  
+</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour)
+wasAttributedTo(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour, proprietor)
+activity(redeemOffer)
+entity(twoBeers)
+
+wasAssociatedWith(redeemOffer, bob)
+used(redeemOffer,
+     buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour, 
+     2012-03-10T17:15:00)
+wasInvalidatedBy(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour,
+                 redeemOffer,
+                 2012-03-10T17:15:00)
+wasGeneratedBy(twoBeers,redeemOffer)
+</pre>
+<p>We see that the offer was both used to be converted into <span class="name">twoBeers</span> and invalidated by the <span class="name">redeemOffer</span> activity: in other words, the combined usage and invalidation indicate consumption of the offer.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="component2" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">5.2 </span>Component 2: Derivations</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>The second component of PROV-DM is concerned with: <a title="derivation" href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">derivations</a> of <a title="entity" href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">entities</a> from other entities and derivation subtypes WasRevisionOf (<a href="#concept-revision" class="internalDFN">Revision</a>), WasQuotedFrom (<a href="#concept-quotation" class="internalDFN">Quotation</a>), and HasPrimarySource (<a href="#concept-primary-source" class="internalDFN">Primary Source</a>).
+ <a href="#figure-component2">Figure 6</a> depicts the third component
+with PROV core structures in the yellow area, including two classes
+(<a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a>, <a href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a>) and binary association WasDerivedFrom
+(<a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">Derivation</a>). PROV extended structures are found outside this
+area. UML association classes express expanded n-ary relations.
+The subclasses are marked by the UML stereotype "prov:type" to indicate that the corresponding types are valid values for the attribute <a href="#term-attribute-type">prov:type</a>.
+</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<span class="figure" style="max-width: 95%; ">
+<img src="uml/component2.png" alt="derivation"><br>
+<span class="figcaption" id="figure-component2">Figure 6<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#figure-component2"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> Derivation Component Overview (Informative)</span> <!-- Figure 6 -->
+</span>
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-Derivation" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.2.1 </span>Derivation</h4>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="glossary-ref">   A <dfn id="concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">derivation</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-derivation"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>  is a transformation of an entity into another, an update of an entity resulting in a new one, or the construction of a new entity based on a pre-existing entity.</div>
+
+
+
+
+<p>According to <a href="#section-prov-overview">Section 2</a>, for an entity to be transformed from, created from, or resulting from an update to another, there must be some
+underpinning activity or activities performing the necessary action(s) resulting in such a derivation.  
+A derivation can be described at various levels of precision. In its simplest form, derivation relates two entities. Optionally, attributes can be added to represent further information about the derivation.  If the derivation is the result of a single known activity, then this activity can also be optionally expressed. To provide a completely accurate description of the derivation, the generation and usage of the generated and used entities, respectively, can be provided, so as to make the derivation path, through usage, activity, and generation, explicit.  Optional information such as activity, generation, and usage can be linked to derivations to aid analysis of provenance and to facilitate provenance-based reproducibility. </p>
+
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-derivation">A <dfn title="wasDerivedFrom" id="dfn-wasderivedfrom" class="internalDFN">derivation</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasderivedfrom"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-wasDerivedFrom">wasDerivedFrom(id; e2, e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivation.id">id</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier  for a derivation;</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivation.generatedEntity">generatedEntity</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">e2</span>) of the entity generated by the derivation;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivation.usedEntity">usedEntity</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">e1</span>) of the entity used by the derivation;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivation.activity">activity</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) for the activity using and generating the above entities;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivation.generation">generation</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">g2</span>) for the generation involving the generated entity (<span class="name">e2</span>) and activity (<span class="name">a</span>);</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivation.usage">usage</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">u1</span>) for the usage involving the used entity (<span class="name">e1</span>) and activity (<span class="name">a</span>);</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivation.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this derivation.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-derivation"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 30<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-derivation"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>The following descriptions are about derivations between  <span class="name">e2</span> and  <span class="name">e1</span>, but no information is provided as to the identity of the activity (and usage and generation) underpinning the derivation. In the second line, a type attribute is also provided.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, [ prov:type="physical transform" ])
+</pre>
+<p>The following description expresses that activity  <span class="name">a</span>, 
+using the entity <span class="name">e1</span> according to usage <span class="name">u1</span>,
+ derived the
+entity <span class="name">e2</span> and generated it according to generation
+ <span class="name">g2</span>. It is followed by descriptions for generation <span class="name">g2</span> and usage <span class="name">u1</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+wasGeneratedBy(g2; e2, a, -)
+used(u1; a, e1, -)
+</pre>
+<p>With such a comprehensive description of derivation, a program that analyzes provenance can identify the activity underpinning the derivation, it can identify how the preceding entity <span class="name">e1</span> was used by  the activity (e.g. for instance, which argument it was passed as, if the activity is the result of a function invocation), and which output the derived entity <span class="name">e2</span> was obtained from (say, for a function returning multiple results).</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-revision" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.2.2 </span>Revision</h4>
+
+<p><span class="glossary-ref">   A <dfn id="concept-revision" class="internalDFN">revision</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-revision"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>   is a derivation for which the resulting entity is a revised version of some original. </span></p>
+
+
+<p>
+  The implication here is that
+     the resulting entity contains substantial content from the
+     original.
+A <dfn id="dfn-revision" class="internalDFN">revision</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-revision"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> relation is a kind of <a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">derivation</a> relation from a revised entity to a preceding  entity.
+The type of a revision relation is denoted by:
+<dfn title="dfn-prov:revision" id="dfn-prov:revision" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:Revision</span></dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-prov:revision"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>.
+PROV defines no revision-specific attributes.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-revision"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 31<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-revision"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+Revisiting the example of <a href="#section-example-two">Section 4.2</a>,
+we can now state that the report 
+ <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> was a revision of 
+ the report <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</span>.
+</p><pre class="codeexample">entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type='rec54:WD'  ])
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, [ prov:type='rec54:WD'  ])
+wasDerivedFrom(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, 
+               tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, 
+               [ prov:type='prov:Revision' ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+</div>  <!-- end revision -->
+
+<div id="term-quotation" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.2.3 </span>Quotation</h4>
+
+<p> 
+<span class="glossary-ref">   A <dfn id="concept-quotation" class="internalDFN">quotation</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-quotation"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>  is the repeat of (some or all of) an entity, such as text or image, by someone who may or may not be its original author. </span>
+</p>
+
+<p>A <dfn id="dfn-quotation" class="internalDFN">quotation</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-quotation"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> relation
+ is a kind of  <a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">derivation</a> relation, for which an entity was derived from a preceding entity by copying, or "quoting", some or all of it.
+The type of a quotation relation is denoted by:
+<dfn title="dfn-prov:quotation" id="dfn-prov:quotation" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:Quotation</span></dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-prov:quotation"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>.
+PROV defines no quotation-specific attributes.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-quotation"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 32<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-quotation"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+The following paragraph is a quote from one of  <a href="http://thinklinks.wordpress.com/2012/03/07/thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/">the author's blogs</a>.
+</p><blockquote id="bl-dagstuhl"><em>
+"During the workshop, it became clear to me that the consensus based models (which are often graphical in nature) can not only be formalized but also be directly connected to these database focused formalizations. I just needed to get over the differences in syntax.  This could imply that we could have nice way to trace provenance across systems and through databases and be able to understand the mathematical properties of this interconnection."</em>
+</blockquote>
+<p>If <a href="http://thinklinks.wordpress.com/2012/03/07/thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/"><span class="name">wp:thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/</span></a> denotes the original blog by agent <span class="name">ex:Paul</span>, and 
+ <a href="#bl-dagstuhl"><span class="name">dm:bl-dagstuhl</span></a> denotes the above paragraph, then the following descriptions express that the above paragraph was copied by agent <span class="name">ex:Luc</span> from a part of the blog, attributed to the agent <span class="name">ex:Paul</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(wp:thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/)
+entity(dm:bl-dagstuhl)
+agent(ex:Luc)
+agent(ex:Paul)
+wasDerivedFrom(dm:bl-dagstuhl,
+               wp:thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/,
+               [ prov:type='prov:Quotation' ])
+wasAttributedTo(dm:bl-dagstuhl, ex:Luc)
+wasAttributedTo(wp:thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/, ex:Paul)
+</pre>
+
+</div>
+
+
+</div>  <!-- end quotation -->
+
+
+<div id="term-primary-source" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.2.4 </span>Primary Source</h4>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">   A <dfn id="concept-primary-source" class="internalDFN">primary source</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-primary-source"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>  for a topic refers to something produced by some agent with direct experience and knowledge about the topic, at the time of the topic's study, without benefit from hindsight. </span>
+</p>
+
+<p>Because of the directness
+of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_source">primary
+sources</a>, they "speak for themselves" in ways that cannot be
+captured through the filter of secondary sources. As such, it is
+important for secondary sources to reference those primary sources
+from which they were derived, so that their reliability can be
+investigated.</p>
+
+<p>It is also important to note that a given entity might be a primary source for one entity but not another. It the reason why Primary Source is defined as a relation as opposed to a subtype of Entity.</p>
+
+<p>A <dfn id="dfn-primary-source" class="internalDFN">primary source</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-primary-source"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> relation is a kind of a <a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">derivation</a> relation from
+secondary materials to their primary sources. It is recognized that
+the determination of primary sources can be up to interpretation, and
+should be done according to conventions accepted within the
+application's domain. 
+The type of a  primary source relation is denoted by:
+<dfn title="dfn-prov:primary-source" id="dfn-prov:primary-source" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:PrimarySource</span></dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-prov:primary-source"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>.
+PROV defines no attributes specific to primary source.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-primary-source1"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 33<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-primary-source1"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+Let us consider Charles Joseph Minard's flow map of Napoleon's March in
+1812, which was published in 1869. Although the map is not a primary source,
+Minard probably used the journal of Pierre-Irénée Jacob, pharmacist
+to Napoleon's army during the Russian campaign. This primary source relation
+can be encoded as follows.</p>
+
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(ex:la-campagne-de-Russie-1812-1813, [ prov:type="map" ])
+entity(ex:revue-d-Histoire-de-la-Pharmacie-t-XVIII, [ prov:type="journal" ])
+wasDerivedFrom(ex:la-campagne-de-Russie-1812-1813,
+               ex:revue-d-Histoire-de-la-Pharmacie-t-XVIII,
+               [ prov:type='prov:PrimarySource' ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+</div>  <!-- end primary source -->
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="component3" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">5.3 </span>Component 3: Agents, Responsibility, and Influence</h3>
+
+<p>The third component of PROV-DM, depicted in  <a href="#figure-component3">Figure 7</a>, is concerned with <a title="agent" href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">agents</a> and the relations WasAttributedTo
+(<a href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">Attribution</a>), WasAssociatedWith (<a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">Association</a>), ActedOnBehalfOf (<a href="#concept-delegation" class="internalDFN">Delegation</a>), relating agents to entities, activities, and agents, respectively.
+ Core structures are displayed in the yellow area and include three classes and three binary associations. Outside the yellow area, extended structures comprise UML association classes to express expanded n-ary relations, and subclasses <a href="#concept-plan" class="internalDFN">Plan</a>, <a href="#concept-person" class="internalDFN">Person</a>, <a title="software-agent" href="#concept-software-agent" class="internalDFN">SofwareAgent</a>, and <a href="#concept-organization" class="internalDFN">Organization</a>. The subclasses are marked by the UML stereotype "prov:type" to indicate that that these are valid values for the attribute <a href="#term-attribute-type">prov:type</a>.
+</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<span class="figure" style="max-width: 95%; ">
+<img src="uml/component3.png" alt="agents and responsibilities"><br>
+<span class="figcaption" id="figure-component3">Figure 7<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#figure-component3"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> Agents and Responsibility Overview (Informative)</span> <!-- Figure 7 -->
+</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Component 3 further defines a general notion of <a href="#concept-influence" class="internalDFN">influence</a>, a relation implied by all relations defined so far. <a href="#figure-component3b">Figure 8</a> displays one new association class, generalizing previously introduced associations.</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<span class="figure" style="max-width: 95%; ">
+<img src="uml/Component3b.png" alt="Influence Overview"><br>
+<span class="figcaption" id="figure-component3b">Figure 8<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#figure-component3b"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> Influence Overview (Informative)</span> <!-- Figure 8 -->
+</span>
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-agent" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.3.1 </span>Agent</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref">   An <dfn id="concept-agent" class="internalDFN">agent</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-agent"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is something that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place, for the existence of an entity, or for another agent's activity. </div>
+
+<p>An agent may be a particular type of entity or activity. This means that the model can be
+ used to express provenance of the agents themselves.  </p>
+
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-agent">An <dfn title="dfn-agent" id="dfn-agent" class="internalDFN">agent</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-agent"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-agent">agent(id, [attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="agent.id">id</span>: an identifier for an agent;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="agent.attributes">attributes</span>: a set of attribute-value pairs ((<span class="name">attr1</span>, <span class="name">val1</span>), ...) representing additional information about this agent.
+</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+
+<p>
+
+It is useful to define some basic categories of agents from an interoperability perspective.
+There are three types of agents that are common across most anticipated domains of use; it is acknowledged that these types do not cover all kinds of agent. </p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="name">SoftwareAgent</span>
+<div class="glossary-ref">   A <dfn id="concept-software-agent" title="software-agent" class="internalDFN">software agent</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-software-agent"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>  is running software. </div>
+
+<p></p></li>
+
+<li><span class="name">Organization</span>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref">   Agents of type <dfn id="concept-organization" class="internalDFN">Organization</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-organization"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>  are social or legal institutions such as companies, societies, etc. </div>
+
+<p></p></li>
+
+<li><span class="name">Person</span>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref">   Agents of type <dfn id="concept-person" title="person" class="internalDFN">Person</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-person"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>  are people. </div></li> 
+</ul>
+<p>PROV defines no attributes specific to SoftwareAgent, Organization, and Person.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_34"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 34<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_34"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>The following expression is about an agent identified by <span class="name">e1</span>, which is a person, named Alice, with employee number 1234.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">agent(e1, [ex:employee="1234", ex:name="Alice", prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+</pre>
+<p>It is optional to specify the type of an agent. When present, it is expressed using the <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute.</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-attribution" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.3.2 </span>Attribution</h4> 
+
+<div class="glossary-ref">   <dfn id="concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">Attribution</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-attribution"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is the ascribing of an entity to an agent. </div>
+
+<p>When an entity  <span class="name">e</span> is attributed to agent  <span class="name">ag</span>, entity <span class="name">e</span> was generated by some unspecified activity that in turn was associated to agent  <span class="name">ag</span>. Thus, this relation is useful when the activity is not known, or irrelevant.</p>
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-attribution">An <dfn title="wasAttributedTo" id="dfn-wasattributedto" class="internalDFN">attribution</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasattributedto"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasAttributedTo(id; e, ag, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="attribution.id">id</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier for the relation;</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="attribution.entity">entity</span>: an entity identifier (<span class="name">e</span>);</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="attribution.agent">agent</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">ag</span>) of the agent whom the entity is ascribed to, and therefore bears some responsibility for its existence;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="attribution.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this attribution.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-attribution"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 35<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-attribution"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+Revisiting the example of 
+<a class="section-ref" href="#section-example-one"><span>Section 4.1</span></a>,
+we can ascribe <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> to some agents without an explicit activity. 
+</p><pre class="codeexample">agent(ex:Paolo, [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+agent(ex:Simon, [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type='rec54:WD' ])
+wasAttributedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:Paolo, [ prov:type="editorship" ])
+wasAttributedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:Simon, [ prov:type="authorship" ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</div>  <!-- end attribution -->
+
+
+<div id="term-Association" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.3.3 </span>Association</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref">   An activity <dfn id="concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">association</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-activityAssociation"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is an assignment of responsibility to an agent for an activity, indicating that the agent had a role in the activity. It further allows for a plan to be specified, which is the plan intended by the agent to achieve some goals in the context of this activity. </div>
+
+<p></p>
+<div class="glossary-ref">   A <dfn id="concept-plan" class="internalDFN">plan</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-plan"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is an entity that represents a set of actions or steps intended by one or more agents to achieve some goals.  </div>
+
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-activity-association">An <dfn title="wasAssociatedWith" id="dfn-wasassociatedwith" class="internalDFN">activity association</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasassociatedwith"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasAssociatedWith(id; a, ag, pl, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="association.id">id</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier for the association between an activity and an agent;</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="association.activity">activity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) for the activity;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="association.agent">agent</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">ag</span>) for the agent associated with the activity;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="association.plan">plan</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">pl</span>) for the plan  the agent relied on in the context of this activity;
+</li><li><span class="attribute" id="association.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this association of this activity with this agent.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+<p>While each of <a href="#association.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="#association.agent"><span class="attribute">agent</span></a>,  <a href="#association.plan"><span class="attribute">plan</span></a>, and  <a href="#association.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> is <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em>, at least one of them <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present.</p>
+
+
+<p>PROV defines no plan-specific attributes.</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-wasAssociatedWith"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 36<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-wasAssociatedWith"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>In the following example, a designer agent and an operator agent are associated with an activity. The designer's goals are achieved by a workflow <span class="name">ex:wf</span>, described as an entity of type <span class="name"><a href="#concept-plan" class="internalDFN">plan</a></span>.   </p>
+<pre class="codeexample">activity(ex:a, [ prov:type="workflow execution" ])
+agent(ex:ag1,  [ prov:type="operator" ])
+agent(ex:ag2,  [ prov:type="designer" ])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a, ex:ag1, -,     [ prov:role="loggedInUser", ex:how="webapp" ])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a, ex:ag2, ex:wf, [ prov:role="designer", ex:context="project1" ])
+entity(ex:wf, [ prov:type='prov:Plan' , 
+                ex:label="Workflow 1", 
+                prov:location="http://example.org/workflow1.bpel" %% xsd:anyURI ])
+</pre>
+Since the workflow <span class="name">ex:wf</span> is itself an entity, its provenance can also be expressed in PROV: it can be generated by some activity and derived from other entities,
+for instance.
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-wasAssociatedWith-2"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 37<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-wasAssociatedWith-2"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>In some cases, one wants to indicate a plan was followed, without having to specify which agent was involved.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">activity(ex:a, [ prov:type="workflow execution" ])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a, -, ex:wf)
+entity(ex:wf, [ prov:type='prov:Plan', 
+                ex:label="Workflow 1", 
+                ex:url="http://example.org/workflow1.bpel" %% xsd:anyURI])
+</pre>
+In this case, it is assumed that an agent exists, but it has not been specified.
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</div>  <!-- end wasAssociatedWith -->
+
+<div id="term-delegation" class="section">
+
+<h4><span class="secno">5.3.4 </span>Delegation</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref">   <dfn id="concept-delegation" class="internalDFN">Delegation</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-delegation"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is the assignment of authority and responsibility to an agent (by itself or by another agent)  to carry out a specific activity as a delegate or representative, while the agent it acts on behalf of retains some responsibility for the outcome of the delegated work. </div>
+
+<p>For example, a
+student acted on behalf of his or her supervisor, who acted on behalf of the
+department chair, who acted on behalf of the university; all those
+agents are responsible in some way for the activity that took place but
+we do not say explicitly who bears responsibility and to what
+degree. </p>
+
+
+<p>
+</p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-delegation">
+A <dfn title="actedOnBehalfOf" id="dfn-actedonbehalfof" class="internalDFN">delegation</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-actedonbehalfof"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> link<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">actedOnBehalfOf(id; ag2, ag1, a, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="delegation.id">id</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier for the delegation link between delegate and responsible;</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="delegation.delegate">delegate</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">ag2</span>) for the agent associated with an activity, acting on behalf of the responsible
+agent;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="delegation.responsible">responsible</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">ag1</span>) for the agent,  on behalf of which the delegate agent acted;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="delegation.activity">activity</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) of an activity for which the delegation link holds;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="delegation.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this delegation link.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_38"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 38<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_38"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>The following fragment describes three agents: a programmer, a researcher, and a funder.  The programmer and researcher are associated with a workflow activity.  The programmer acts on behalf
+of the researcher (line-management) encoding the commands specified by the researcher; the researcher acts on behalf of the funder, who has a contractual agreement with the researcher. The terms
+'line-management' and 'contract' used in this example are domain specific.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">activity(a,[ prov:type="workflow" ])
+agent(ag1, [ prov:type="programmer" ])
+agent(ag2, [ prov:type="researcher" ])
+agent(ag3, [ prov:type="funder" ])
+wasAssociatedWith(a, ag1, [ prov:role="loggedInUser" ])
+wasAssociatedWith(a, ag2)
+wasAssociatedWith(a, ag3)
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag1, ag2, a, [ prov:type="line-management" ])
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag2, ag3, a, [ prov:type="contract" ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<!-- too strong, move to part 2.
+<p>Further considerations:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>If an activity is not specified, then the subordinate agent is considered to act on behalf of
+the responsible agent, in all the activities the subordinate agent is associated with.
+</li>
+</ul>
+-->
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-influence" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.3.5 </span>Influence</h4>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">   <dfn id="concept-influence" class="internalDFN">Influence</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-influence"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is the capacity of an entity, activity, or agent to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of another by means of usage, start, end, generation, invalidation, communication, derivation, attribution, association, or delegation. </span>
+</p>
+
+
+<p> An influence relation between two objects <span class="name">o2</span> and  <span class="name">o1</span> is a generic dependency of <span class="name">o2</span>
+on  <span class="name">o1</span> that signifies some form of influence of <span class="name">o1</span> on <span class="name">o2</span>.</p>
+
+
+<p>
+</p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-influence">
+A <dfn title="wasInfluencedBy" id="dfn-wasinfluencedby" class="internalDFN">Influence</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasinfluencedby"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasInfluencedBy(id; o2, o1, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="influence.id">id</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier identifying the relation;</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="influence.influencee">influencee</span>:  an identifier (<span class="name">o2</span>) for an entity, activity, or agent;
+</li><li><span class="attribute" id="influence.influencer">influencer</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">o1</span>) for an ancestor entity, activity, or agent that the former depends on;
+</li><li><span class="attribute" id="influence.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this relation.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+<p>
+<a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>, <a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">start</a>, <a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">end</a>, <a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">generation</a>, <a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">invalidation</a>, <a href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN">communication</a>, <a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">derivation</a>, <a href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">attribution</a>, <a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">association</a>, and <a href="#concept-delegation" class="internalDFN">delegation</a> are also <a href="#concept-influence" class="internalDFN">influence</a>. It is <em class="rfc2119" title="recommended">recommended</em> to adopt these more specific relations when writing provenance descriptions. It is anticipated that the <a href="#concept-influence" class="internalDFN">Influence</a> relation may be useful to express queries over provenance information.
+</p>
+
+
+<div id="mapping-relations-to-influence-table_text" style="text-align: left;">
+The following table establishes the correspondence between 
+the attributes <a class="attribute" href="#influence.influencee">influencee</a> and <a class="attribute" href="#influence.influencer">influencer</a>, and attributes of
+<a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">usage</a>, <a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">start</a>, <a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">end</a>, <a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">generation</a>, <a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">invalidation</a>, <a href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN">communication</a>, <a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">derivation</a>, <a href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">attribution</a>, <a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">association</a>, and <a href="#concept-delegation" class="internalDFN">delegation</a>.
+
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="mapping-relations-to-influence-table"><span>Table 7<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#mapping-relations-to-influence-table"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> </span>Mapping Relations to Influence</caption> <!-- Table 7-->
+<tbody><tr><td><a><b>Relation Name</b></a></td><td><b><a class="attribute" href="#influence.influencee">influencee</a></b></td><td><b><a class="attribute" href="#influence.influencer">influencer</a></b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#generation.entity">entity</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#generation.activity">activity</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#usage.activity">activity</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#usage.entity">entity</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN">Communication</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#communication.informed">informed</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#communication.informant">informant</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#start.activity">activity</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#start.trigger">trigger</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#end.activity">activity</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#end.trigger">trigger</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#invalidation.entity">entity</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#invalidation.activity">activity</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+<tr class="component2-color"><td><a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">Derivation</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#derivation.generatedEntity">generatedEntity</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#derivation.usedEntity">usedEntity</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr class="component3-color"><td><a href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">Attribution</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#attribution.entity">entity</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#attribution.agent">agent</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td><a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">Association</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#association.activity">activity</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#association.agent">agent</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td><a href="#concept-delegation" class="internalDFN">Delegation</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#delegation.delegate">delegate</a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#delegation.responsible">responsible</a></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="influence-example"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 39<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#influence-example"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>We refer to the example of <a class="section-ref" href="#section-example-two"><span>Section 4.2</span></a>, and specifically to <a href="#prov-a-document2-top">Figure 3</a>.
+We could have expressed that the influence of
+<span class="name">w3:Consortium</span> 
+on <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>.
+</p><pre class="codeexample"> wasInfluencedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, w3:Consortium)
+</pre>
+Instead, it is recommended to express the more specific description:
+<pre class="codeexample"> wasAttributedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, w3:Consortium)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div id="component4" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">5.4 </span>Component 4: Bundles</h3>
+
+
+<p>The fourth component of PROV-DM is concerned with bundles, a mechanism to support provenance of provenance. 
+<a href="#figure-component4">Figure 9</a>  depicts a UML class diagram for the fourth component.  It comprises a <a href="#concept-bundle" class="internalDFN">Bundle</a> class defined as a subclass of <a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a>.
+</p>
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<span class="figure" style="max-width: 95%; ">
+
+<img src="uml/component4.png" alt="bundles"><br>
+<span class="figcaption" id="figure-component4">Figure 9<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#figure-component4"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> Bundle Component Overview (Informative)</span>
+</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div id="term-bundle" class="section"> 
+
+<h4><span class="secno">5.4.1 </span>Bundle constructor</h4>
+
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">
+ A <dfn id="concept-bundle" class="internalDFN">bundle</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-bundle"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is a named set of provenance descriptions, and is itself an entity, so allowing provenance of provenance to be expressed.  </span>
+ </p>
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+</p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-bundle">
+ A <dfn title="dfn-bundle" id="dfn-bundle-constructor" class="internalDFN">bundle constructor</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-bundle-constructor"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>  allows the content and the name of a bundle to be specified; it is written <span class="pnExpression">bundle id description_1 ... description_n endBundle</span> and consists of:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="bundle.constructor.id">id</span>:  an identifier for the bundle;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="bundle.constructor.descriptions">descriptions</span>: a set of provenance descriptions <span class="name">
+description_1</span>, ..., <span class="name">description_n</span>.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>A bundle's identifier <span class="name">id</span> identifies a unique set of descriptions.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>There may be other kinds of bundles not directly expressible by this constructor, such as provenance descriptions handwritten on a letter or a whiteboard, etc.  Whatever the means by which bundles are expressed, all can be described, as in the following section.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div id="term-bundle-entity" class="section"> 
+
+<h4><span class="secno">5.4.2 </span>Bundle Type</h4>
+
+<p>A  bundle is a named set of descriptions, but it is also an entity so that its provenance can be described.  </p>
+
+<p>PROV defines the following type for bundles:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="name">prov:Bundle</span> is the type that denotes <a title="bundle" href="#concept-bundle" class="internalDFN">bundles</a>.
+</li></ul>
+<p>PROV defines no bundle-specific attributes.</p>
+
+
+<p>
+A  bundle description is of the form <span class="pnExpression">entity(id, [ prov:type='prov:Bundle', attr1=val1, ...] )</span>
+where <span class="name">id</span> is  an identifier denoting a bundle,
+ a type <span>prov:Bundle</span> and
+an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set of attribute-value  pairs ((<span class="name">attr1</span>, <span class="name">val1</span>), ...) representing additional information about this bundle.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>The provenance of provenance can then be described using PROV constructs, as illustrated by
+<a href="#anexample-provenance-of-provenance" class="anexample-ref"><span>Example 40</span></a>
+and
+<a href="#anexample-provenance-aggregation" class="anexample-ref"><span>Example 41</span></a>.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-provenance-of-provenance"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 40<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-provenance-of-provenance"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>Let us consider two entities <span class="name">ex:report1</span> and <span class="name">ex:report2</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> 
+entity(ex:report1, [ prov:type="report", ex:version=1 ])
+wasGeneratedBy(ex:report1, -, 2012-05-24T10:00:01)
+entity(ex:report2, [ prov:type="report", ex:version=2])
+wasGeneratedBy(ex:report2, -, 2012-05-25T11:00:01)
+wasDerivedFrom(ex:report2, ex:report1)
+</pre>
+
+<p>Let us assume that Bob observed the creation of <span class="name">ex:report1</span>.
+A first bundle can be expressed.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> 
+bundle bob:bundle1
+  entity(ex:report1, [ prov:type="report", ex:version=1 ])
+  wasGeneratedBy(ex:report1, -, 2012-05-24T10:00:01)
+endBundle
+</pre>
+
+<p>In contrast,
+Alice observed the creation of <span class="name">ex:report2</span> and its derivation from <span class="name">ex:report1</span>.
+A separate bundle can also be expressed.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> 
+bundle alice:bundle2
+  entity(ex:report1)
+  entity(ex:report2, [ prov:type="report", ex:version=2 ])
+  wasGeneratedBy(ex:report2, -, 2012-05-25T11:00:01)
+  wasDerivedFrom(ex:report2, ex:report1)
+endBundle
+</pre>
+
+<p>The first bundle contains the descriptions corresponding to  Bob observing the creation of <span class="name">ex:report1</span>. Its provenance can be described as follows.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> 
+entity(bob:bundle1, [ prov:type='prov:Bundle' ])
+wasGeneratedBy(bob:bundle1, -, 2012-05-24T10:30:00)
+wasAttributedTo(bob:bundle1, ex:Bob)
+</pre>
+
+<p>In contrast, the second bundle is attributed to Alice who
+observed the derivation of <span class="name">ex:report2</span> from <span class="name">ex:report1</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> 
+entity(alice:bundle2, [ prov:type='prov:Bundle' ])
+wasGeneratedBy(alice:bundle2, -, 2012-05-25T11:15:00)
+wasAttributedTo(alice:bundle2, ex:Alice)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-provenance-aggregation"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 41<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-provenance-aggregation"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>A provenance aggregator could merge two bundles, resulting in a novel bundle, whose provenance is described as follows.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> 
+bundle agg:bundle3
+  entity(ex:report1, [ prov:type="report", ex:version=1 ])
+  wasGeneratedBy(ex:report1, -, 2012-05-24T10:00:01)
+
+  entity(ex:report2, [ prov:type="report", ex:version=2 ])
+  wasGeneratedBy(ex:report2, -, 2012-05-25T11:00:01)
+  wasDerivedFrom(ex:report2, ex:report1)
+endBundle
+
+entity(agg:bundle3, [ prov:type='prov:Bundle' ])
+agent(ex:aggregator01, [ prov:type='ex:Aggregator' ])
+wasAttributedTo(agg:bundle3, ex:aggregator01)
+wasDerivedFrom(agg:bundle3, bob:bundle1)
+wasDerivedFrom(agg:bundle3, alice:bundle2)
+</pre>
+<p>The new bundle is given a new identifier <span class="name">agg:bundle3</span> and is attributed to the <span class="name">ex:aggregator01</span> agent.
+</p></div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+</div> 
+
+
+<div id="component5" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">5.5 </span>Component 5: Alternate Entities</h3>
+
+
+<p>The fifth component of PROV-DM is concerned with
+relations SpecializationOf (<a href="#concept-specialization" class="internalDFN">specialization</a>) and AlternateOf (<a href="#concept-alternate" class="internalDFN">alternate</a>) between entities.
+ <a href="#figure-component5">Figure 10</a> depicts
+the fifth component with a single class and  two binary associations.
+</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<span class="figure" style="max-width: 95%; ">
+<img src="uml/component5.png" alt="alternates"><br>
+<span class="figcaption" id="figure-component5">Figure 10<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#figure-component5"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> Alternates Component Overview (Informative)</span>
+</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Two provenance descriptions about the same thing may emphasize differents aspects of that thing.</p>
+<div class="anexample" id="entity-example1"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 42<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#entity-example1"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>User Alice writes an article. In its provenance, she wishes to refer to the precise version of the article with a date-specific IRI, as she might edit the article later. Alternatively, user Bob refers to the article in general, independently of its variants over time.</p>
+</div>
+<p>
+The PROV data model introduces relations, called specialization and alternate
+that allow entities  to be linked together. They are defined as follows. </p>
+
+
+<div id="term-specialization" class="section">
+
+<h4><span class="secno">5.5.1 </span>Specialization</h4>
+
+
+<span class="glossary-ref">   An entity that is a <dfn id="concept-specialization" class="internalDFN">specialization</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-specialization"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> of another shares all aspects of the latter, and additionally presents more specific aspects of the same thing as the latter. In particular, the lifetime of the entity being specialized  contains that of any specialization. </span> 
+
+
+<p>
+Examples of aspects include a time period, an abstraction, and a context associated with the entity.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+</p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-specialization">A <dfn title="specializationOf" id="dfn-specializationof" class="internalDFN">specialization</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-specializationof"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>  relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">specializationOf(infra, supra)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="specialization.specificEntity">specificEntity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">infra</span>)
+of the entity that is a specialization of the general entity (<span class="name">supra</span>);</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="specialization.generalEntity">generalEntity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">supra</span>) of the entity that is being specialized.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<p>Specialization is not  defined as Influence, and therefore does not have an id and attributes.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-specialization"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 43<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-specialization"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+The BBC news home page on 2012-03-23 <span class="name">ex:bbcNews2012-03-23</span>
+is a specialization of the BBC news page in general
+ <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/">bbc:news/</a>. This can be expressed as follows.
+</p><pre class="codeexample">specializationOf(ex:bbcNews2012-03-23, bbc:news/)
+</pre>
+We have created a new qualified name,  <span class="name">ex:bbcNews2012-03-23</span>, in the namespace <span class="name">ex</span>, to identify the specific page carrying this day's news, which would otherwise be the generic  <span class="name">bbc:news/</span> page.
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-alternate" class="section">
+
+<h4><span class="secno">5.5.2 </span>Alternate</h4>
+
+
+<span class="glossary-ref">   Two <dfn id="concept-alternate" class="internalDFN">alternate</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-alternate"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> entities present aspects of the same thing. These aspects may be the same or different, and the alternate entities may or may not overlap in time.  </span>
+
+
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-alternate">An <dfn title="alternateOf" id="dfn-alternateof" class="internalDFN">alternate</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-alternateof"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">alternateOf(e1, e2)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="alternate.alternate1">alternate1</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e1</span>) of the first of the two entities;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="alternate.alternate2">alternate2</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e2</span>) of the second of the two entities.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<p>Alternate is not  defined as Influence, and therefore does not have an id and attributes.</p>  
+
+<p>
+Note that <a title="alternateOf" href="#dfn-alternateof" class="internalDFN">alternateOf</a> is a necessarily very general
+relationship that, in reasoning, only states that the two
+alternate entities respectively fix some aspects of some common thing
+(possibly evolving over time), and so there is some relevant
+connection between the provenance of the alternates. In a
+specific application context, <a title="alternateOf" href="#dfn-alternateof" class="internalDFN">alternateOf</a>, or a subtype of it,
+could allow more inferences.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-alternate"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 44<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-alternate"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+A given news item on the BBC News site 
+ <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17526723">bbc:news/science-environment-17526723</a> for desktop
+is an alternate of a 
+ <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/mobile/science-environment-17526723">bbc:news/mobile/science-environment-17526723</a> for mobile devices.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(bbc:news/science-environment-17526723, 
+       [ prov:type="a news item for desktop"])
+entity(bbc:news/mobile/science-environment-17526723, 
+       [ prov:type="a news item for mobile devices"])
+alternateOf(bbc:news/science-environment-17526723, 
+            bbc:news/mobile/science-environment-17526723)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-alternate2"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 45<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-alternate2"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+Considering again the two versions of the technical report <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> (second working draft) and <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span> (first working draft). They are alternate of each other.
+</p><pre class="codeexample">entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018)
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215)
+alternateOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215)
+</pre>
+<p>They are both specialization of the page <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div id="component6" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">5.6 </span>Component 6: Collections</h3>
+
+<p>The sixth component of PROV-DM is concerned with the notion of collections. 
+A collection is an entity that has some members. The members are themselves entities, and therefore their provenance can be expressed. Some applications need to be able to express the provenance of the collection  itself: e.g. who maintains the collection (attribution), which members it contains as it evolves, and how it was assembled. The purpose of Component 6 is to define the types and relations that are useful to express the provenance of collections.  </p>
+
+<p><a href="#figure-component6">Figure 11</a> depicts
+the sixth component with two  new classes (Collection, Empty Collection) and one association (HadMember).
+</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<span class="figure" style="max-width: 95%; ">
+<img src="uml/component6.png" alt="collection"><br>
+<span class="figcaption" id="figure-component6">Figure 11<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#figure-component6"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> Collections Component Overview (Informative)</span>
+</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="term-collection" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.6.1 </span>Collection</h4>
+
+<span class="glossary-ref">   A <dfn id="concept-collection" class="internalDFN">collection</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-collection"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is an entity that provides a structure to some constituents that must themselves be entities. These constituents are said to be <dfn id="dfn-member-of" class="internalDFN">member of</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-member-of"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> the collections.  </span>
+
+<span class="glossary-ref">   An <dfn id="concept-empty-collection" class="internalDFN">empty collection</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-empty-collection"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is a collection without members.  </span>
+
+
+<p>PROV-DM defines the following types related to collections:</p>
+
+<ul>
+  <li> <span class="name">prov:Collection</span>  denotes an entity of type Collection, i.e. an entity that  can participate in  relations amongst collections;
+
+  </li><li><span class="name">prov:EmptyCollection</span> denotes an empty collection.
+</li></ul>
+<p>PROV defines no collection-specific attributes.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_46"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 46<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_46"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(c0, [ prov:type='prov:EmptyCollection' ])  // c0 is an empty collection
+entity(c1, [ prov:type='prov:Collection'  ])      // c1 is a collection, with unknown content
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-membership" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.6.2 </span>Membership</h4>
+
+<p>A <strong>membership</strong> relation is defined, to allow stating the  members of a Collection. </p>
+
+<span class="glossary-ref"> <dfn id="concept-membership" class="internalDFN">Membership</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-membership"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is the belonging of an entity  to a collection. </span>
+
+
+<p>
+</p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-hadMember">
+ A <dfn title="hadMember" id="dfn-hadmember" class="internalDFN">membership</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-hadmember"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> relation, written <span class="pnExpression">hadMember(c, e)</span>, has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="membership.collection">collection</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">c</span>) for the collection whose member is asserted; </li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="membership.entity">entity</span>: the identifier <span class="name">e</span> of an entity that is member of the collection.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Membership is not  defined as Influence, and therefore does not have an id and attributes.</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_47"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 47<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_47"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>In this example, <span class="name">c</span> is a collection known to have <span class="name">e0</span>, <span class="name">e1</span>, and <span class="name">e2</span> as members, and may have other members.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(e0)
+entity(e1)
+entity(e2)
+
+entity(c, [prov:type='prov:Collection'  ])      // c is a collection, with unknown content
+hadMember(c, e0)
+hadMember(c, e1)
+hadMember(c, e2)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+  
+</div>   <!-- end collections-->
+
+
+
+
+
+<div id="second-class-elements" class="section">
+<h3><span class="secno">5.7 </span>Further Elements of PROV-DM</h3>
+
+This section introduces further elements of PROV-DM.
+
+
+
+
+<div id="term-identifier" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.7.1 </span>Identifier</h4>
+
+<p>
+An <dfn id="dfn-identifier" class="internalDFN">identifier</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-identifier"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is a <a href="#concept-qualifiedName" class="internalDFN">qualified
+ name</a>. 
+</p>
+
+<p><a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a>, <a href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a>, and <a href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a> have a mandatory identifier. Two entities (resp. activities, agents) are equal if they have the same identifier.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a>, <a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>, <a href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN">Communication</a>, <a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a>, <a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a>, <a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</a>, <a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">Derivation</a>, <a href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">Attribution</a>, <a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">Association</a>, <a href="#concept-delegation" class="internalDFN">Delegation</a>, <a href="#concept-influence" class="internalDFN">Influence</a> have an optional identifier. Two generations (resp. usages, communications, etc.) are equal if they have the same identifier.
+
+</p></div>
+
+<div id="term-attribute" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.7.2 </span>Attribute</h4>
+
+<p>An <dfn title="dfn-attribute" id="dfn-attribute" class="internalDFN">attribute</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-attribute"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is a <a href="#concept-qualifiedName" class="internalDFN">qualified name</a>. 
+
+
+</p><p>The PROV data model introduces a pre-defined set of attributes in the <a title="prov-namespace" href="#dfn-prov-namespace" class="internalDFN">PROV namespace</a>, which we define below. 
+This specification does not provide any interpretation for any attribute declared in any other namespace.</p>
+
+<div id="attributes-at-a-glance-divz" style="text-align: left;">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="attributes-at-a-glance"><span>Table 8<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#attributes-at-a-glance"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> </span>PROV-DM Attributes At a Glance</caption> <!-- Table 8 -->
+<tbody><tr><td><b>Attribute</b></td><td><b>Allowed In</b></td><td><b>value</b></td><td><b>Section</b></td></tr> 
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="label" href="#concept-label" class="internalDFN">prov:label</a></td><td><em>any construct</em></td><td>A <a href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a> of type <a class="section-ref" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-2/#string">xsd:string</a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-attribute-label"><span>Section 5.7.2.1</span></a> </td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="location" href="#concept-location" class="internalDFN">prov:location</a></td><td><a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a>, <a href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a>, <a href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a>, <a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>, <a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a>, <a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</a>, <a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a>, and <a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a></td><td>A <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-attribute-location"><span>Section 5.7.2.2</span></a> </td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="role" href="#concept-role" class="internalDFN">prov:role</a></td><td><a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>, <a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a>, <a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</a>, <a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">Association</a>, <a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a>, and <a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a></td><td>A <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-attribute-role"><span>Section 5.7.2.3</span></a> </td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="type" href="#concept-type" class="internalDFN">prov:type</a></td><td><em>any construct</em></td><td>A <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-attribute-type"><span>Section 5.7.2.4</span></a> </td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="value-attribute" href="#concept-value-attribute" class="internalDFN">prov:value</a></td><td><a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td><td>A <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-attribute-value"><span>Section 5.7.2.5</span></a> </td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div id="term-attribute-label" class="section">
+<h5><span class="secno">5.7.2.1 </span>prov:label</h5>
+
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">    The attribute <dfn id="concept-label" title="label" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:label</span></dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-label"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> provides a human-readable representation of an instance of a PROV-DM type or relation.   </span>
+The value associated with the attribute <span class="name">prov:label</span> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be a string.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_48"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 48<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_48"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>The following entity is provided with a label attribute.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> entity(ex:e1, [ prov:label="This is a human-readable label" ])
+</pre>
+
+<p>The following entity has two label attributes, in French and English.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> entity(ex:car01, [ prov:label="Voiture 01"@fr, prov:label="Car 01"@en ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="term-attribute-location" class="section">
+<h5><span class="secno">5.7.2.2 </span>prov:location</h5>
+
+<p><span class="glossary-ref">   A <dfn id="concept-location" title="location" class="internalDFN">location</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-location"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> can be an identifiable geographic place (ISO 19112), but it can also be a non-geographic place such as a directory, row, or column.  </span>
+As such, there are numerous ways in which location can be expressed, such as by a coordinate,
+address, landmark, and so forth. This  document does not specify how to concretely express  locations, but instead provide a mechanism to introduce locations, by means of a reserved attribute. </p> 
+
+
+<p>
+The attribute <span class="name">prov:location</span> is an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> attribute of <a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a>, <a href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a>, <a href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a>, <a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>, <a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a>, <a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</a>, <a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a>, and <a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a>.  The value associated with the  attribute <span class="name">prov:location</span> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be a PROV-DM <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a>, expected to denote a location.
+</p>
+
+<p>While the attribute <span class="name">prov:location</span> is allowed for several PROV concepts, it may not make sense to use it in some cases. For example, an activity that describes the relocation of an entity will have start and end locations, as well as every place in between those points.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example-location"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 49<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#example-location"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>The following expression describes entity Mona Lisa, a painting, with a location attribute. </p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> entity(ex:MonaLisa, [ prov:location="Le Louvre, Paris", prov:type="StillImage" ])
+</pre>
+<p>The following expression describes a cell, at coordinates (5,5), with value 10. </p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> entity(ex:cell, [ prov:location="(5,5)", prov:value="10" %% xsd:integer ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div id="term-attribute-role" class="section">
+<h5><span class="secno">5.7.2.3 </span>prov:role</h5>
+
+
+<p><span class="glossary-ref">   A <dfn id="concept-role" class="internalDFN">role</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-role"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is the function of an entity or agent with respect to an activity, in the context of a <a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">usage</a>, <a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">generation</a>, <a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">invalidation</a>,  <a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">association</a>, <a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">start</a>, and  <a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">end</a>. </span></p>
+
+<p>
+The attribute <span class="name">prov:role</span> is allowed to occur multiple times in a list of attribute-value pairs. The value associated with a <span class="name">prov:role</span> attribute <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be a PROV-DM <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-role"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 50<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-role"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>The following activity is associated with an agent acting as the operator. </p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> wasAssociatedWith(a, ag, [ prov:role="operator" ])
+</pre>
+<p>In the following expression, the activity <span class="name">ex:div01</span> used entity <span class="name">ex:cell</span> in the role of divisor.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">used(ex:div01, ex:cell, [ prov:role="divisor" ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-attribute-type" class="section">
+<h5><span class="secno">5.7.2.4 </span>prov:type</h5>
+
+<p><span class="glossary-ref">   The attribute <dfn id="concept-type" title="type" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:type</span></dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-type"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>  provides further typing information  for any construct with an optional set of attribute-value pairs. </span></p>
+
+<p>
+PROV-DM liberally
+defines a type as a category of things having common characteristics. PROV-DM is agnostic about the representation of types, and only states that
+the value associated with a <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be a PROV-DM <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value.</a> The attribute <span class="name">prov:type</span>
+is allowed to occur multiple times.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_51"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 51<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_51"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>The following describes an agent of type software agent.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">   agent(ag, [ prov:type='prov:SoftwareAgent' ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>The following types are pre-defined in PROV, and are valid values for the <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute.</p>
+
+
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="prov-dm-predefined-types"><span>Table 9<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#prov-dm-predefined-types"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> </span>PROV-DM Predefined Types</caption> <!-- Table 9 -->
+<tbody><tr><td><b>Type</b></td><td><b>Specification</b></td><td><b>Core concept</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="bundle" href="#concept-bundle" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:Bundle</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-bundle"><span>Section 5.4.1</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="collection" href="#concept-collection" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:Collection</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-collection"><span>Section 5.6.1</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="empty collection" href="#concept-empty-collection" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:EmptyCollection</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-collection"><span>Section 5.6.1</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="organization" href="#concept-organization" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:Organization</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-agent"><span>Section 5.3.1</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="person" href="#concept-person" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:Person</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-agent"><span>Section 5.3.1</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="plan" href="#concept-plan" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:Plan</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-entity"><span>Section 5.1.1</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="primary source" href="#concept-primary-source" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:PrimarySource</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-primary-source"><span>Section 5.2.4</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">Derivation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="Quotation" href="#concept-quotation" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:Quotation</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-quotation"><span>Section 5.2.3</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">Derivation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="Revision" href="#concept-revision" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:Revision</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-revision"><span>Section 5.2.2</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">Derivation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="software-agent" href="#concept-software-agent" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:SoftwareAgent</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-agent"><span>Section 5.3.1</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="term-attribute-value" class="section">
+<h5><span class="secno">5.7.2.5 </span>prov:value</h5>
+
+<p><span class="glossary-ref">   The attribute <dfn id="concept-value-attribute" title="value-attribute" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:value</span></dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-value-attribute"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>  provides a value  that is a direct representation of an entity as a PROV-DM <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a>. </span></p>
+
+
+
+<p>The attribute <span class="name">prov:value</span> is an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> attribute of entity.  The value associated with the  attribute <span class="name">prov:value</span> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be a PROV-DM <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a>. The attribute <span class="name">prov:value</span> <em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em> occur at most once in a set of attribute-value pairs.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-value1"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 52<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-value1"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>The following example illustrates the provenance of the number <span class="name">4</span> obtained by an activity that computed the length of an input string <span class="name">"abcd"</span>.
+The input and the output are expressed as entities <span class="name">ex:in</span> and <span class="name">ex:out</span>, respectively. They each have a <span class="name">prov:value</span> attribute associated with the corresponding value.
+</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(ex:in, [ prov:value="abcd" ]) 
+entity(ex:out, [ prov:value=4 ]) 
+activity(ex:len, [ prov:type="string-length" ])
+used(ex:len, ex:in)
+wasGeneratedBy(ex:out, ex:len)
+wasDerivedFrom(ex:out, ex:in)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+Two different entities <em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em> have the same value for the attribute 
+prov:value. For instance,
+when two entities, with the same prov:value, are generated by two 
+different activities, as illustrated
+by the following example.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-value2"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 53<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-value2"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p><a href="#anexample-value1" class="anexample-ref"><span>Example 52</span></a> illustrates an entity with a given value
+ <span class="name">4</span>. This examples shows that another entity with the same value may be computed differently (by an addition).
+</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(ex:in1, [ prov:value=3 ]) 
+entity(ex:in2, [ prov:value=1 ]) 
+entity(ex:out2, [ prov:value=4 ])      // ex:out2 also has value 4
+activity(ex:add1, [ prov:type="addition" ])
+used(ex:add1, ex:in1)
+used(ex:add1, ex:in2)
+wasGeneratedBy(ex:out2, ex:add1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-value" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.7.3 </span>Value</h4>
+
+<p><span class="glossary-ref">   A <dfn id="concept-value" title="value" class="internalDFN">value</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-value"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>  is a constant such as a string, number, time, qualified name, IRI, and encoded binary data, whose interpretation  is outside the scope of PROV. </span> Values can occur in attribute-value pairs. </p>
+
+<p>Each kind of such values is called a <em>datatype</em>.
+ Use of the following data types is <em class="rfc2119" title="recommended">recommended</em>. </p>
+<ul>
+<li> The RDF-compatible [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">RDF-CONCEPTS</a></cite>] types, including those taken from 
+the set of XML Schema Datatypes [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">XMLSCHEMA11-2</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> Qualified names introduced in this specification.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>
+The normative definitions of these datatypes are provided by their respective specifications.  
+</p>
+
+
+
+<p id="conformance-to-rdf-datatypes"><b>Conformance to RDF Datatypes</b> As of the publication of this document, RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-CONCEPTS11">RDF-CONCEPTS11</a></cite>] is not yet a <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation (see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/">http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/</a> for the latest version). 
+Both the PROV Working Group and the RDF Working Group are confident that there will be only minor changes before it becomes a <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation. In order to take advantage of the anticipated corrections and new features sooner, while also providing stability in case the specification does not advance as expected, conformance to PROV as it relates to RDF Datatypes is defined as follows:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>If RDF 1.1  Concepts and Abstract Syntax becomes a <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation, all references in PROV to
+RDF Concepts and Abstract Syntax will be normative references to the 1.1 Recommendation.
+</li><li>Until that time, references in PROV to RDF Concepts and Abstract Syntax features operate as follows:
+<ul>
+<li> If RDF 1.0 defines the features, then the reference is normative to the 1.0 definition [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">RDF-CONCEPTS</a></cite>];</li>
+<li>otherwise, the feature is optional in PROV and the reference is informative only.</li>
+</ul>
+</li></ul>
+<p>This "change in normative reference" is effective as of the publication of RDF 1.1 as a <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation. However, <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> expects to publish a new edition of PROV once RDF 1.1 becomes a Recommendation to update the reference explicitly.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-value"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 54<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-value"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+The following examples respectively are the string "abc", the integer number 1, and the IRI "http://example.org/foo".
+</p><pre class="codeexample">  "abc"
+  "1" %% xsd:integer
+  "http://example.org/foo" %% xsd:anyURI
+</pre>
+<p>The following example shows a value of type <span class="name">prov:QUALIFIED_NAME</span> (see
+<span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">prov:QUALIFIED_NAME</a></span> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>]).
+The prefix <span class="name">ex</span>  must be bound to a <a href="#dfn-namespace" class="internalDFN">namespace</a> declared in a <a href="#dfn-namespaceDeclaration" class="internalDFN">namespace declaration</a>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> 
+  "ex:value" %% prov:QUALIFIED_NAME
+</pre>
+Alternatively, the same value can be expressed using the following convenience notation.
+<pre class="codeexample"> 
+  'ex:value'
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>We note that PROV <dfn title="time" id="dfn-time" class="internalDFN">time instants</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-time"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> are defined according to xsd:dateTime [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">XMLSCHEMA11-2</a></cite>].</p> 
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-time"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 55<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-time"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+In the following example, the generation time of entity <span class="name">e1</span> is expressed according to 
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-2/#dateTime">xsd:dateTime</a>  [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">XMLSCHEMA11-2</a></cite>].</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> 
+  wasGeneratedBy(e1,a1, 2001-10-26T21:32:52)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-NamespaceDeclaration" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.7.4 </span>Namespace Declaration</h4>
+
+<p>A <dfn id="dfn-namespace" class="internalDFN">namespace</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-namespace"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is identified by an IRI [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-IRI">IRI</a></cite>]. In PROV-DM, attributes, identifiers, and values with <a title="qualified name" href="#concept-qualifiedName" class="internalDFN">qualified names</a> as data type can be placed in a namespace using the mechanisms described in this specification. </p>
+
+
+<p>A <dfn id="dfn-namespaceDeclaration" class="internalDFN">namespace declaration</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-namespaceDeclaration"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> consists of a binding between a prefix and a namespace. Every qualified name with this prefix in the scope of this
+declaration refers to this namespace. </p>
+
+<p>A <dfn id="dfn-defaultNamespaceDeclaration" class="internalDFN">default namespace declaration</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-defaultNamespaceDeclaration"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> consists of a namespace. Every un-prefixed qualified name
+refers to default namespace declaration.</p>
+
+<p>The <dfn title="prov-namespace" id="dfn-prov-namespace" class="internalDFN">PROV namespace</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-prov-namespace"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is identified by the IRI <a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</a>.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-qualified-name" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.7.5 </span>Qualified Name</h4>
+
+
+<span class="glossary-ref">   A <dfn id="concept-qualifiedName" class="internalDFN">qualified name</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-qualifiedName"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is a name subject to <a href="#dfn-namespace" class="internalDFN">namespace</a> interpretation. It consists of a <a href="#dfn-namespace" class="internalDFN">namespace</a>, denoted by an optional prefix, and a local name. </span>
+
+<p>PROV-DM stipulates that a qualified name can be mapped into an IRI
+ by concatenating the IRI associated with the prefix and the local part.</p>
+
+<p>A qualified name's prefix is <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em>. If a prefix occurs in a
+ qualified name, it refers to a <a href="#dfn-namespace" class="internalDFN">namespace</a> declared in a namespace declaration.  In the absence of prefix, the qualified name 
+ refers to the <a title="default namespace declaration" href="#dfn-defaultNamespaceDeclaration" class="internalDFN">default namespace</a>.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+</div>
+ 
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<!-- end sec. 5 -->
+
+    <div id="extensibility-section" class="section"> 
+<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">6. </span>PROV-DM Extensibility Points</h2>
+
+
+<p>The PROV data model provides extensibility points that allow designers to specialize it for specific applications or domains. We summarize these extensibility points here. </p>
+
+
+<p>The <a title="prov-namespace" href="#dfn-prov-namespace" class="internalDFN">PROV namespace</a> declares a set of reserved attributes catering for extensibility: <a href="#term-attribute-type"><span class="name">prov:type</span></a>, <a href="#term-attribute-role"><span class="name">prov:role</span></a>, <a href="#term-attribute-location"><span class="name">prov:location</span></a>.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Sub-types and sub-relations can be expressed by means of the reserved attribute 
+<a href="#term-attribute-type"><span class="name">prov:type</span></a>.
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-sub-relation"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 56<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-sub-relation"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+In the following example,  <span class="name">e2</span> is a translation of <span class="name">e1</span>,
+expressed as a sub-type of derivation.
+</p><pre class="codeexample"> 
+  wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1, [prov:type='ex:Translation' ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-sub-type"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 57<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-sub-type"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+In the following example,  <span class="name">e</span> is described as a Car, a type of entity.
+</p><pre class="codeexample"> 
+  entity(e, [prov:type='ex:Car' ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</li>
+
+<li>Application and domain specific roles can be expressed by means of the reserved attribute 
+<a href="#term-attribute-role"><span class="name">prov:role</span></a>.
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-usage-with-role"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 58<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-usage-with-role"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+In the following example,  two computers  <span class="name">ex:laptop4</span> and <span class="name">ex:desktop9</span> are used in different roles in a work activity.
+</p><pre class="codeexample"> 
+  activity(ex:work)
+  entity(ex:laptop4)
+  entity(ex:desktop9)
+  used(ex:work, ex:laptop4,  [prov:role="day-to-day machine"])
+  used(ex:work, ex:desktop9, [prov:role="backup machine"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+
+<li> Attribute-value lists occur in all types and most relations of the data model.  Applications designers are free to introduce further application-specific attributes. Attributes for a given application can be distinguished by qualifying them with a prefix denoting a namespace
+declared in a namespace declaration. New namespaces and associated prefixes can be declared, allowing attributes and names to be qualified. 
+</li>
+
+
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>The PROV data model is designed to be application and technology independent, but implementers are welcome and encouraged to specialize PROV-DM to specific domains and applications.  To ensure interoperability, specializations of
+the PROV data model that exploit the extensibility points summarized in this section must preserve the semantics specified in this document and in [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>]. </p>
+
+
+
+    </div> 
+
+
+
+<div id="valid-provenance" class="section">
+<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">7. </span>Creating Valid Provenance</h2>
+
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>This specification defines PROV-DM, a data model that allows 
+descriptions of the people, institutions, entities, and activities,
+involved in producing, influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a
+thing to be expressed.  However, with this data model, it is also possible to compose
+descriptions that would not make sense: for instance, one could
+express that an entity was used before it was generated, or that the
+activity that generated an entity started after the entity
+generation.  A set of constraints have been defined for PROV and
+can be found in a companion specification [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>].
+They <em class="rfc2119" title="should">should</em> be used by developers to compose provenance descriptions that are valid, and
+by implementers of reasoning engines aiming to check whether provenance descriptions have problems. </li>
+
+
+
+<li>
+<p> The example of <a href="#prov-dm-example">section 3</a> contains identifiers such as <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span>, which denotes a specific version of a technical report.  On the other hand, an IRI such as <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a> denotes the latest version of a document. One needs to ensure that provenance descriptions for the latter resource remain valid as the resource state changes. </p>
+
+<p>To this end, PROV allows asserters to describe "<em>partial states</em>" of entities by means of attributes and associated values. Some further constraints apply to the use of these attributes, since the values associated with them are expected to remain unchanged for some period of time. The constraints associated to attributes allow provenance descriptions to be refined, they can also be found in the companion specification [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>].</p>
+
+
+</li>
+
+
+
+</ul>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="appendix section" id="cross-references-to-prov-o-and-prov-n">
+<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">A. </span>Cross-References to PROV-O and PROV-N</h2>
+
+<p>PROV-DM is a conceptual data model which can be serialized in various ways. 
+The following table contains the PROV-O classes and properties, as described in [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>], and PROV-N productions, as described in [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>] that correspond to PROV-DM concepts.</p> 
+
+<div id="prov-dm-to-prov-o-and-prov-n-fig" style="text-align: left;">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="prov-dm-to-prov-o-and-prov-n"><span>Table 10<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#prov-dm-to-prov-o-and-prov-n"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> </span>Cross-References to PROV-O and PROV-N</caption> <!-- Table 10-->
+<tbody><tr><td><a><b>PROV-DM</b></a></td><td><b>PROV-O</b></td><td><b>PROV-N</b></td><td><b>Component</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+<tr class="component1-color">
+<td><a title="Entity" href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Entity">Entity</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-entityExpression">entityExpression</a></code>
+</td><td rowspan="8"><a href="#component1">Component 1:<br> Entities/Activities</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr class="component1-color">
+<td><a title="Activity" href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Entity">Activity</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-activityExpression">activityExpression</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component1-color">
+<td><a title="Generation" href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasGeneratedBy">wasGeneratedBy</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Generation">Generation</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-generationExpression">generationExpression</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component1-color">
+<td><a title="Usage" href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#used">used</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Usage">Usage</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-usageExpression">usageExpression</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component1-color">
+<td><a title="Communication" href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN">Communication</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasInformedBy">wasInformedBy</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Communication">Communication</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-communicationExpression">communicationExpression</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component1-color">
+<td><a title="Start" href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasStartedBy">wasStartedBy</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Start">Start</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-startExpression">startExpression</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component1-color">
+<td><a title="End" href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasEndedBy">wasEndedBy</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#End">End</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-endExpression">endExpression</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component1-color">
+<td><a title="Invalidation" href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasInvalidatedBy">wasInvalidatedBy</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Invalidation">Invalidation</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-invalidationExpression">invalidationExpression</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr class="component2-color">
+<td><a title="Derivation" href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">Derivation</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasDerivedFrom">wasDerivedFrom</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Derivation">Derivation</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-derivationExpression">derivationExpression</a></code></td>
+<td rowspan="4"><a href="#component2">Component 2:<br> Derivations</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component2-color">
+<td class="provType"><a title="Revision" href="#concept-revision" class="internalDFN">Revision</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasRevisionOf">wasRevisionOf</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Revision">Revision</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Revision">Revision</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component2-color">
+<td class="provType"><a title="Quotation" href="#concept-quotation" class="internalDFN">Quotation</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasQuotedFrom">wasQuotedFrom</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Quotation">Quotation</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Quotation">Quotation</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component2-color"><td class="provType"><a title="Primary Source" href="#concept-primary-source" class="internalDFN">Primary Source</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#hadPrimarySource">hadPrimarySource</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Source">Source</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Primary-Source">PrimarySource</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr class="component3-color" style="border-collapse: collapse; ">
+<td><a title="Agent" href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Agent">Agent</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-agentExpression">agentExpression</a></code></td>
+<td rowspan="9"><a href="#component3">Component 3: <br>Agents, Responsibility, <br>Influence</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component3-color">
+<td><a title="Attribution" href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">Attribution</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasAttributedTo">wasAttributedTo</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Attribution">Attribution</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-attributionExpression">attributionExpression</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component3-color">
+<td><a title="Association" href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">Association</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasAssociatedWith">wasAssociatedWith</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Association">Association</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-associationExpression">associationExpression</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component3-color">
+<td><a title="Delegation" href="#concept-delegation" class="internalDFN">Delegation</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#actedOnBehalfOf">actedOnBehalfOf</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Delegation">Delegation</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-delegationExpression">delegationExpression</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component3-color">
+<td><a title="Plan" href="#concept-plan" class="internalDFN">Plan</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Plan">Plan</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Plan">Plan</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component3-color">
+<td><a title="Person" href="#concept-person" class="internalDFN">Person</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Person">Person</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Person">Person</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component3-color">
+<td><a title="Organization" href="#concept-organization" class="internalDFN">Organization</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Organization">Organization</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Organization">Organization</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component3-color">
+<td><a title="software-agent" href="#concept-software-agent" class="internalDFN">SoftwareAgent</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#SoftwareAgent">SoftwareAgent</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-SoftwareAgent">SoftwareAgent</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component3-color">
+<td><a title="Influence" href="#concept-influence" class="internalDFN">Influence</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasInfluencedBy">wasInfluencedBy</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Influence">Influence</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-influenceExpression">influenceExpression</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr class="component4-color">
+<td><a title="bundle" href="#concept-bundle" class="internalDFN">Bundle constructor</a></td>
+<td> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#description-bundle">bundle description</a> </td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-namedBundle">namedBundle</a></code></td>
+<td rowspan="2"><a href="#component5">Component 4: <br> Bundles</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component4-color"><td class="provType"><a title="bundle" href="#concept-bundle" class="internalDFN">Bundle type</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Bundle">Bundle</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Bundle">Bundle</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component5-color">
+<td><a title="Alternate" href="#concept-alternate" class="internalDFN">Alternate</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#alternateOf">alternateOf</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-alternateExpression">alternateExpression</a></code></td>
+<td rowspan="2"><a href="#component4">Component 5: <br> Alternate</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component5-color">
+<td><a title="Specialization" href="#concept-specialization" class="internalDFN">Specialization</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#specializationOf">specializationOf</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-specializationExpression">specializationExpression</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component6-color">
+<td><a title="Collection" href="#concept-collection" class="internalDFN">Collection</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Collection">Collection</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Collection">Collection</a></code></td>
+<td rowspan="3"><a href="#component6">Component 6: <br> Collections</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component6-color">
+<td><a title="Empty Collection" href="#concept-empty-collection" class="internalDFN">EmptyCollection</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#EmptyCollection">EmptyCollection</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-EmptyCollection">EmptyCollection</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component6-color">
+<td><a title="Membership" href="#concept-membership" class="internalDFN">Membership</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#hadMember">hadMember</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-membershipExpression">membershipExpression</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="appendix section" id="changes-since-last-version"> 
+      <!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">B. </span>Changes since last version</h2> 
+      <p> Please see the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ResponsesToPublicComments">Responses to Public Comments on the Last Call Working Draft</a> for more details about the justification of these changes.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/506">ISSUE-506</a>: Updated role from author to contributor, in line with text.
+</li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/492">ISSUE-492</a>: Fixed typos in  <a href="#anexample-invalidation3" class="anexample-ref"><span>Example 29</span></a>.
+</li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/508">ISSUE-508</a>: Clarified the bold names and parameters  in  text preceding <a href="#prov-dm-types-and-relations-fig">Table 5</a>.
+</li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/501">ISSUE-501</a>: Put the example about driving a car to Boston in a box.
+</li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/450">ISSUE-450</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/514">ISSUE-514</a>: added table with secondary objects in relations.
+</li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/512">ISSUE-512</a>: simplied type of activity a2 to "fine paying"
+</li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/509">ISSUE-509</a>: modified the introductory text to UML figures, so that they refer to relation names (e.g. WasStartedBy) as visualized in figures
+</li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/515">ISSUE-515</a>: fixed typo
+</li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/531">ISSUE-531</a>: added sentence on the use of prov:location attribute.
+
+</li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/519">ISSUE-519</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/523">ISSUE-523</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/524">ISSUE-524</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/529">ISSUE-529</a>: changed UML diagram of figure 8 by removing explicit inheritance from influence for  usage, start, end, generation, invalidation, communication, derivation, attribution, association, and delegation.  Instead, introduced correspondance table 7.  Furthermore, in response to these issues, it was made clear that PROV defines no attribute specific to subtypes such as SoftwareAgent, ..., Plan, Revision, Bundle, Collection.
+</li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/495">ISSUE-495</a>: made explicit which section, figure, table was informative or normative.
+</li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/521">ISSUE-521</a>: now states that "an agent relied on a plan" instead of "an agent adopted a plan".
+</li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/499">ISSUE-499</a>: Made explicit that generation/usage/invalidation/start/end are implicit.
+</li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/449">ISSUE-449</a>: Clarified definition of prov:value attribute and added an example.
+</li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/495">ISSUE-495</a>: added paragraph about 'relations opening up'. Clarified the role of '-' in example. Fixed dates in biblio. Fixed space issue in prov-n examples
+</li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/516">ISSUE-516</a>: Stating that there moust be some underpinning activity or activities for a derivation, instead of just activities.
+</li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/525">ISSUE-525</a>: Made it explicit that Membership, Alternate, Specialization are not Influence
+</li><li> Copied the sentence " An agent may be a particular type of entity or activity. This means that the model can be
+ used to express provenance of the agents themselves.  " from the informative section into the normative section.
+</li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/504">ISSUE-504</a>: Updated definition of collection.
+</li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/503">ISSUE-503</a>: Rephrased the introduction of expanded association in section 2.2.1.2 Expanded Relations.
+</li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/514">ISSUE-514</a>: added links to the attributes listed in the secondary element table. Also removed PrimarySource, Quotation, Revision.
+</li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/502">ISSUE-502</a>: Added sentence in section 2.1.2 explaining that the focus
+      of derivation is on connecting a generated entity to a used  entity.
+</li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/526">ISSUE-526</a>: Added sentence clarifying sentence in section 5.5.2.
+</li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/462">ISSUE-462</a>: Added clarification regarding entity attributes (with respect to fixed aspects) and role of identifier with respect to equality.
+</li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/518">ISSUE-518</a>: Added clarifying sentence of primary source.
+</li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/552">ISSUE-552</a>: Clarifying phrasing around a quotation/revision/primary-source relation is a particular case of a derivation relation ...; updated definitions for start and end.
+</li><li> Rephrased original entity to preceding entity.
+</li><li> Moved feature at risk, Mention, to note document (prov-mention).
+</li></ul>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="appendix section" id="acknowledgements"> 
+      <!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">C. </span>Acknowledgements</h2> 
+      <p> 
+
+This  document has been produced by the PROV Working Group, and its contents reflect extensive discussion within the Working Group as a whole. The editors extend special thanks to  Sandro Hawke (<acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>/<acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym>), Ivan Herman (<acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>/<acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym>), Tom Baker for their thorough reviews.
+      </p> 
+
+<p>
+The editors acknowledge valuable contributions from the following:
+David Booth,
+Robert Freimuth,
+Satrajit Ghosh,
+Ralph Hodgson,
+Renato Iannella,
+Jacek Kopecky,
+James Leigh,
+Jacco van Ossenbruggen,
+Alan Ruttenberg,
+Reza Samavi, and
+Antoine Zimmermann.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<p>
+Members of the PROV Working Group at the time of publication of this document were:
+
+Ilkay Altintas (Invited expert),
+Reza B'Far (Oracle Corporation),
+Khalid Belhajjame (University of Manchester),
+James Cheney (University of Edinburgh, School of Informatics),
+Sam Coppens (IBBT),
+David Corsar (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science),
+Stephen Cresswell (The National Archives),
+Tom De Nies (IBBT),
+Helena Deus (DERI Galway at the National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland),
+Simon Dobson (Invited expert),
+Martin Doerr (Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas(FORTH)),
+Kai Eckert (Invited expert),
+Jean-Pierre EVAIN (European Broadcasting Union, EBU-UER),
+James Frew (Invited expert),
+Irini Fundulaki (Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas(FORTH)),
+Daniel Garijo (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid),
+Yolanda Gil (Invited expert),
+Ryan Golden (Oracle Corporation),
+Paul Groth (Vrije Universiteit),
+Olaf Hartig (Invited expert),
+David Hau (National Cancer Institute, NCI),
+Sandro Hawke (<acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>/<acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym>),
+Jörn Hees (German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) Gmbh),
+Ivan Herman, (<acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>/<acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym>),
+Ralph Hodgson (TopQuadrant),
+Hook Hua (Invited expert),
+Trung Dong Huynh (University of Southampton),
+Graham Klyne (University of Oxford),
+Michael Lang (Revelytix, Inc.),
+Timothy Lebo (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+James McCusker (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Deborah McGuinness (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Simon Miles (Invited expert),
+Paolo Missier (School of Computing Science, Newcastle university),
+Luc Moreau (University of Southampton),
+James Myers (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Vinh Nguyen (Wright State University),
+Edoardo Pignotti (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science),
+Paulo da Silva Pinheiro (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Carl Reed (Open Geospatial Consortium),
+Adam Retter (Invited Expert),
+Christine Runnegar (Invited expert),
+Satya Sahoo (Invited expert),
+David Schaengold (Revelytix, Inc.),
+Daniel Schutzer (FSTC, Financial Services Technology Consortium),
+Yogesh Simmhan (Invited expert),
+Stian Soiland-Reyes (University of Manchester),
+Eric Stephan (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory),
+Linda Stewart (The National Archives),
+Ed Summers (Library of Congress),
+Maria Theodoridou (Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas(FORTH)),
+Ted Thibodeau (OpenLink Software Inc.),
+Curt Tilmes (National Aeronautics and Space Administration),
+Craig Trim (IBM Corporation),
+Stephan Zednik (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Jun Zhao (University of Oxford),
+Yuting Zhao (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science).
+</p>
+    </div> 
+
+
+ 
+
+<div id="references" class="appendix section"><!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">D. </span>References</h2><div id="normative-references" class="section"><h3><span class="secno">D.1 </span>Normative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-IRI">[IRI]</dt><dd>M. Duerst, M. Suignard. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><cite>Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRI).</cite></a> January 2005. Internet RFC 3987. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt</a> 
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]</dt><dd>James Cheney, Paolo Missier, and Luc Moreau (eds.), Tom De Nies. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/"><cite>Constraints of the PROV Data Model</cite></a>. 2012, Candidate Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/</a>.
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-N">[PROV-N]</dt><dd>Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) James Cheney, Stian Soiland-Reyes. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/"><cite>PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</cite></a>. 2012, Candidate Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/</a>.
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-O">[PROV-O]</dt><dd>Timothy Lebo, Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, David Corsar, Daniel Garijo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, Stephan Zednik, and Jun Zhao. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. 2012, Candidate Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/</a>.
+</dd><dt id="bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">[RDF-CONCEPTS]</dt><dd>Graham Klyne; Jeremy J. Carroll. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210"><cite>Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax.</cite></a> 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210">http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210</a> 
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC2119">[RFC2119]</dt><dd>S. Bradner. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><cite>Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.</cite></a> March 1997. Internet RFC 2119.  URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a> 
+</dd><dt id="bib-UML">[UML]</dt><dd>Object Management Group <a href="http://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.0/Superstructure/PDF/"><cite>Unified Modeling Language: Superstructure</cite></a>. version 2.0, 2005 URL: <a href="http://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.0/Superstructure/PDF/">http://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.0/Superstructure/PDF/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">[XMLSCHEMA11-2]</dt><dd>Henry S. Thompson; et al. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/"><cite>W3C XML Schema Definition Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 2: Datatypes.</cite></a> 5 April 2012. W3C Recommendation URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/</a> 
+</dd></dl></div><div id="informative-references" class="section"><h3><span class="secno">D.2 </span>Informative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-Logic">[Logic]</dt><dd>W. E. Johnson <a href="http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>.1924. URL: <a href="http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-Mappings">[Mappings]</dt><dd>Satya Sahoo and Paul Groth and Olaf Hartig and Simon Miles and Sam Coppens and James Myers and Yolanda Gil and Luc Moreau and Jun Zhao and Michael Panzer and Daniel Garijo <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/prov/wiki/Provenance_Vocabulary_Mappings"><cite>Provenance Vocabulary Mappings</cite></a>. August 2010 URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/prov/wiki/Provenance_Vocabulary_Mappings">http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/prov/wiki/Provenance_Vocabulary_Mappings</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-AQ">[PROV-AQ]</dt><dd>Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/</a>.
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-LAYOUT">[PROV-LAYOUT]</dt><dd>W3C PROV Working Group. <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/Diagrams/"><cite>PROV Graph Layout Conventions</cite></a>. 2012. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/Diagrams/">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/Diagrams/</a>.
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">[PROV-OVERVIEW]</dt><dd>AUTHORS TBD. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/"><cite>PROV-OVERVIEW: The PROV Family of Documents</cite></a>. 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/</a>.
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-PRIMER">[PROV-PRIMER]</dt><dd>Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/</a>.
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-XML">[PROV-XML]</dt><dd>Hook Hua, Curt Tilmes, and Stephan Zednik (eds.) Luc Moreau. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/"><cite>PROV-XML: The PROV XML Schema</cite></a>. 2012, Candidate Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/</a>.
+</dd><dt id="bib-RDF-CONCEPTS11">[RDF-CONCEPTS11]</dt><dd>Richard Cyganiak and David Wood (eds.) RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/"><cite>RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax</cite></a>. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/">http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/</a>
+</dd></dl></div></div></body></html>
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
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+
+table.thinborder <span class="delete">th</span><span class="insert">td</span> {
+	border-width: 1px;
+	padding: <span class="delete">0px;</span><span class="insert">2px;</span>
+	border-style: solid;
+	border-color: gray;
+}
+<span class="delete">table.thinborder td {
+	border-width: 1px;
+	padding: 2px;
+	border-style: solid;
+	border-color: gray;
+}
+</span></style>
+
+     
+    
+
+     
+    
+
+    
+
+     
+  <script type="text/javascript">
+/*
+	Written by Jonathan Snook, http://www.snook.ca/jonathan
+	Add-ons by Robert Nyman, http://www.robertnyman.com
+	Author says "The credit comment is all it takes, no license. Go crazy "
+	From http://www.robertnyman.com/2005/11/07/the-ultimate-getelementsbyclassname/
+*/
+
+function getElementsByClassName(oElm, strTagName, oClassNames){
+	var arrElements = (! (! (strTagName == "*") || ! (oElm.all)))? oElm.all : oElm.getElementsByTagName(strTagName);
+	var arrReturnElements = new Array();
+	var arrRegExpClassNames = new Array();
+	if(typeof oClassNames == "object"){
+		for(var i=0; !(i>=oClassNames.length); i++){ /*>*/
+			arrRegExpClassNames.push(new RegExp("(^|\s)" + oClassNames[i].replace(/\-/g, "\-") + "(\s|$)"));
+		}
+	}
+	else{
+		arrRegExpClassNames.push(new RegExp("(^|\s)" + oClassNames.replace(/\-/g, "\-") + "(\s|$)"));
+	}
+	var oElement;
+	var bMatchesAll;
+	for(var j=0; !(j>=arrElements.length); j++){ /*>*/
+		oElement = arrElements[j];
+		bMatchesAll = true;
+		for(var k=0; !(k>=arrRegExpClassNames.length); k++){ /*>*/
+			if(!arrRegExpClassNames[k].test(oElement.className)){
+				bMatchesAll = false;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if(bMatchesAll){
+			arrReturnElements.push(oElement);
+		}
+	}
+	return (arrReturnElements)
+}
+
+function set_display_by_class(el, cls, newValue) {
+   var e = getElementsByClassName(document, el, cls);
+   if (e != null) {
+      for (var i=0; !(i>=e.length); i++) {
+        e[i].style.display = newValue;
+      }
+   }
+}
+
+function set_display_by_id(id, newValue) {
+   var e = document.getElementById(id);
+   if (e != null) {
+     e.style.display = newValue;
+   }
+}
+</script> 
+    
+
+    
+
+    
+
+     
+  <style type="text/css">
+/*****************************************************************
+ * ReSpec CSS
+ * Robin Berjon (robin at berjon dot com)
+ * v0.05 - 2009-07-31
+ *****************************************************************/
+
+
+/* --- INLINES --- */
+em.rfc2119 { 
+    text-transform:     lowercase;
+    font-variant:       small-caps;
+    font-style:         normal;
+    color:              #900;
+}
+
+h1 acronym, h2 acronym, h3 acronym, h4 acronym, h5 acronym, h6 acronym, a acronym,
+h1 abbr, h2 abbr, h3 abbr, h4 abbr, h5 abbr, h6 abbr, a abbr {
+    border: none;
+}
+
+dfn {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+}
+
+a.internalDFN {
+    color:  inherit;
+    border-bottom:  1px solid #99c;
+    text-decoration:    none;
+}
+
+a.externalDFN {
+    color:  inherit;
+    border-bottom:  1px dotted #ccc;
+    text-decoration:    none;
+}
+
+a.bibref {
+    text-decoration:    none;
+}
+
+code {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+}
+
+
+/* --- WEB IDL --- */
+pre.idl {
+    border-top: 1px solid #90b8de;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #90b8de;
+    padding:    1em;
+    line-height:    120%;
+}
+
+pre.idl::before {
+    content:    "WebIDL";
+    display:    block;
+    width:      150px;
+    background: #90b8de;
+    color:  #fff;
+    font-family:    initial;
+    padding:    3px;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    margin: -1em 0 1em -1em;
+}
+
+.idlType {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    text-decoration:    none;
+}
+
+/*.idlModule*/
+/*.idlModuleID*/
+/*.idlInterface*/
+.idlInterfaceID, .idlDictionaryID {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+
+.idlSuperclass {
+    font-style: italic;
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+
+/*.idlAttribute*/
+.idlAttrType, .idlFieldType, .idlMemberType {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+.idlAttrName, .idlFieldName, .idlMemberName {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+}
+.idlAttrName a, .idlFieldName a, .idlMemberName a {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+    border-bottom:  1px dotted #ff4500;
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/*.idlMethod*/
+.idlMethType {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+.idlMethName {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+}
+.idlMethName a {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+    border-bottom:  1px dotted #ff4500;
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/*.idlParam*/
+.idlParamType {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+.idlParamName {
+    font-style: italic;
+}
+
+.extAttr {
+    color:  #666;
+}
+
+/*.idlConst*/
+.idlConstType {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+.idlConstName {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+}
+.idlConstName a {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+    border-bottom:  1px dotted #ff4500;
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/*.idlException*/
+.idlExceptionID {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    color:  #c00;
+}
+
+.idlTypedefID, .idlTypedefType {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+
+.idlRaises, .idlRaises a.idlType, .idlRaises a.idlType code, .excName a, .excName a code {
+    color:  #c00;
+    font-weight:    normal;
+}
+
+.excName a {
+    font-family:    monospace;
+}
+
+.idlRaises a.idlType, .excName a.idlType {
+    border-bottom:  1px dotted #c00;
+}
+
+.excGetSetTrue, .excGetSetFalse, .prmNullTrue, .prmNullFalse, .prmOptTrue, .prmOptFalse {
+    width:  45px;
+    text-align: center;
+}
+.excGetSetTrue, .prmNullTrue, .prmOptTrue { color:  #0c0; }
+.excGetSetFalse, .prmNullFalse, .prmOptFalse { color:  #c00; }
+
+.idlImplements a {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+}
+
+dl.attributes, dl.methods, dl.constants, dl.fields, dl.dictionary-members {
+    margin-left:    2em;
+}
+
+.attributes dt, .methods dt, .constants dt, .fields dt, .dictionary-members dt {
+    font-weight:    normal;
+}
+
+.attributes dt code, .methods dt code, .constants dt code, .fields dt code, .dictionary-members dt code {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    color:  #000;
+    font-family:    monospace;
+}
+
+.attributes dt code, .fields dt code, .dictionary-members dt code {
+    background:  #ffffd2;
+}
+
+.attributes dt .idlAttrType code, .fields dt .idlFieldType code, .dictionary-members dt .idlMemberType code {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+    background:  transparent;
+    font-family:    inherit;
+    font-weight:    normal;
+    font-style: italic;
+}
+
+.methods dt code {
+    background:  #d9e6f8;
+}
+
+.constants dt code {
+    background:  #ddffd2;
+}
+
+.attributes dd, .methods dd, .constants dd, .fields dd, .dictionary-members dd {
+    margin-bottom:  1em;
+}
+
+table.parameters, table.exceptions {
+    border-spacing: 0;
+    border-collapse:    collapse;
+    margin: 0.5em 0;
+    width:  100%;
+}
+table.parameters { border-bottom:  1px solid #90b8de; }
+table.exceptions { border-bottom:  1px solid #deb890; }
+
+.parameters th, .exceptions th {
+    color:  #fff;
+    padding:    3px 5px;
+    text-align: left;
+    font-family:    initial;
+    font-weight:    normal;
+    text-shadow:    #666 1px 1px 0;
+}
+.parameters th { background: #90b8de; }
+.exceptions th { background: #deb890; }
+
+.parameters td, .exceptions td {
+    padding:    3px 10px;
+    border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
+    vertical-align: top;
+}
+
+.parameters tr:first-child td, .exceptions tr:first-child td {
+    border-top: none;
+}
+
+.parameters td.prmName, .exceptions td.excName, .exceptions td.excCodeName {
+    width:  100px;
+}
+
+.parameters td.prmType {
+    width:  120px;
+}
+
+table.exceptions table {
+    border-spacing: 0;
+    border-collapse:    collapse;
+    width:  100%;
+}
+
+/* --- TOC --- */
+.toc a {
+    text-decoration:    none;
+}
+
+a .secno {
+    color:  #000;
+}
+
+/* --- TABLE --- */
+table.simple {
+    border-spacing: 0;
+    border-collapse:    collapse;
+    border-bottom:  3px solid #005a9c;
+}
+
+.simple th {
+    background: #005a9c;
+    color:  #fff;
+    padding:    3px 5px;
+    text-align: left;
+}
+
+.simple th[scope="row"] {
+    background: inherit;
+    color:  inherit;
+    border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
+}
+
+.simple td {
+    padding:    3px 10px;
+    border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
+}
+
+.simple tr:nth-child(even) {
+    background: #f0f6ff;
+}
+
+/* --- DL --- */
+.section dd > p:first-child {
+    margin-top: 0;
+}
+
+.section dd > p:last-child {
+    margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+.section dd {
+    margin-bottom:  1em;
+}
+
+.section dl.attrs dd, .section dl.eldef dd {
+    margin-bottom:  0;
+}
+
+/* --- EXAMPLES --- */
+pre.example {
+    border-top: 1px solid #ff4500;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #ff4500;
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin-top: 1em;
+}
+
+pre.example::before {
+    content:    "Example";
+    display:    block;
+    width:      150px;
+    background: #ff4500;
+    color:  #fff;
+    font-family:    initial;
+    padding:    3px;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    margin: -1em 0 1em -1em;
+}
+
+/* --- EDITORIAL NOTES --- */
+.issue {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #ffc;
+}
+
+.issue::before {
+    content:    "Issue";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+.note {
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    padding:    1em;
+    border: 2px solid #cff6d9;
+    background: #e2fff0;
+}
+
+.note::before {
+    content:    "Note";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #cff6d9;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+/* --- Best Practices --- */
+div.practice {
+    border: solid #bebebe 1px;
+    margin: 2em 1em 1em 2em;
+}
+
+span.practicelab {
+    margin: 1.5em 0.5em 1em 1em;
+    font-weight: bold;
+    font-style: italic;
+}
+
+span.practicelab   { background: #dfffff; }
+
+span.practicelab {
+    position: relative;
+    padding: 0 0.5em;
+    top: -1.5em;
+}
+
+p.practicedesc {
+    margin: 1.5em 0.5em 1em 1em;
+}
+
+@media screen {
+    p.practicedesc {
+        position: relative;
+        top: -2em;
+        padding: 0;
+        margin: 1.5em 0.5em -1em 1em;
+    }
+}
+
+/* --- SYNTAX HIGHLIGHTING --- */
+pre.sh_sourceCode {
+  background-color: white;
+  color: black;
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: normal;
+}
+
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_keyword { color: #005a9c; font-weight: bold; }           /* language keywords */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_type { color: #666; }                            /* basic types */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_usertype { color: teal; }                             /* user defined types */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_string { color: red; font-family: monospace; }        /* strings and chars */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_regexp { color: orange; font-family: monospace; }     /* regular expressions */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_specialchar { color: 	#ffc0cb; font-family: monospace; }  /* e.g., \n, \t, \\ */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_comment { color: #A52A2A; font-style: italic; }         /* comments */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_number { color: purple; }                             /* literal numbers */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_preproc { color: #00008B; font-weight: bold; }       /* e.g., #include, import */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_symbol { color: blue; }                            /* e.g., *, + */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_function { color: black; font-weight: bold; }         /* function calls and declarations */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_cbracket { color: red; }                              /* block brackets (e.g., {, }) */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_todo { font-weight: bold; background-color: #00FFFF; }   /* TODO and FIXME */
+
+/* Predefined variables and functions (for instance glsl) */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_predef_var { color: #00008B; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_predef_func { color: #00008B; font-weight: bold; }
+
+/* for OOP */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_classname { color: teal; }
+
+/* line numbers (not yet implemented) */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_linenum { display: none; }
+
+/* Internet related */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_url { color: blue; text-decoration: underline; font-family: monospace; }
+
+/* for ChangeLog and Log files */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_date { color: blue; font-weight: bold; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_time, pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_file { color: #00008B; font-weight: bold; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_ip, pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_name { color: #006400; }
+
+/* for Prolog, Perl... */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_variable { color: #006400; }
+
+/* for LaTeX */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_italics { color: #006400; font-style: italic; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_bold { color: #006400; font-weight: bold; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_underline { color: #006400; text-decoration: underline; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_fixed { color: green; font-family: monospace; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_argument { color: #006400; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_optionalargument { color: purple; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_math { color: orange; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_bibtex { color: blue; }
+
+/* for diffs */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_oldfile { color: orange; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_newfile { color: #006400; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_difflines { color: blue; }
+
+/* for css */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_selector { color: purple; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_property { color: blue; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_value { color: #006400; font-style: italic; }
+
+/* other */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_section { color: black; font-weight: bold; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_paren { color: red; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_attribute { color: #006400; }
+
+</style>
+<style type="text/css"><span class="insert">
+/* --- EDITORIAL NOTES --- */
+.component1-color {
+ background-color: rgba(255,42,42,0.2);
+}
+
+.component3-color {
+ background-color: rgba(0,68,170,0.2);
+}
+
+.component2-color {
+ background-color: rgba(0,170,0,0.2);
+}
+.component4-color {
+ background-color: rgba(244,105,14,0.2);
+}
+
+.component6-color {
+ background-color: rgba(11,40,40,0.2);
+}
+
+.component5-color {
+ background-color: rgba(204,255,0,0.2);
+}
+
+.pending {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #BFEFFF;
+}
+
+.pending::before {
+    content:    "Pending Review";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+.resolved {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #9BCD9B;
+}
+
+.resolved::before {
+    content:    "Resolved";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+.inference {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.inference[id]::before {
+    content:    "Inference: " attr(id);
+    width:  380px;  /* How can we compute the length of "Constraint: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.inference::before {
+    content:    "Inference";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+.syntax {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.syntax[id]::before {
+    content:    "Syntax: " attr(id);
+    width:  380px;  /* How can we compute the length of "Constraint: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.syntax::before {
+    content:    "Syntax";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+.unamedconstraint {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+
+.unamedconstraint::before {
+    content:    "Constraint";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+
+.constraint {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.constraint[id]::before {
+    content:    "Constraint: " attr(id);
+    width:  380px;  /* How can we compute the length of "Constraint: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.constraint::before {
+    content:    "Constraint";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+
+.interpretation {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.interpretation[id]::before {
+    content:    "Interpretation: " attr(id);
+    width:  380px;  /* How can we compute the length of "Interpretation: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.interpretation::before {
+    content:    "Interpretation";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+.definition {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #777;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.definition[id]::before {
+    content:    "Definition: " attr(id);
+    width:  380px; 
+}
+
+
+.definition::before {
+    content:    "Definition";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #000;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+.deprecatedconstraint {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.deprecatedconstraint[id]::before {
+    content:    "Deprecated: " attr(id);
+    width:  380px;  /* How can we compute the length of "Deprecatedconstraint: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.deprecatedconstraint::before {
+    content:    "Deprecated";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+.glossary-ref {
+    font-style:    italic;
+}
+
+.dfn {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+}
+
+
+.attribute {
+    font-style: italic;
+}
+
+
+.conditional {
+    color: blue;
+}
+
+.grammar {
+    margin-top: 1ex;
+    margin-bottom: 1ex;
+    padding-left: 1ex;
+    padding-right: 1ex;
+    padding-top: 1ex;
+    padding-bottom: 0.6ex;
+    border: 1px dashed #2f6fab;
+    font-size: 80%;
+}
+.nonterminal {
+    font-weight: bold;
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+    font-size: 95%;
+}
+
+.name {
+    font-family: monospace;
+}
+
+
+.xmpl {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.xmpl::before {
+    content:    "Example";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+/* 
+generating this through java script now.
+
+.anexample[data-count]::before {
+    content: "Example " attr(data-count) ;
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+    font-size: 1.6ex;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+
+.anexample:before {
+    content: "Example:";
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+    font-size: 1.6ex;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+*/
+
+.anexample {
+    margin-top: 1ex;
+    margin-bottom: 1ex;
+    padding-left: 1ex;
+    padding-right: 1ex;
+    padding-top: 1ex;
+    padding-bottom: 0.6ex;
+    border: 1px dashed #2f6fab;
+    background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+.anexample table {
+    background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+
+.anexampleTitle {
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+    font-size: 1.6ex;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.anexampleTitle {
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+    font-size: 1.6ex;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+
+.diamond {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:100%;
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="name"]:before {
+    content: "'";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="name"]:after {
+    content: "'";
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="optional"]:before {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="optional"]:after {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: ")?";
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="plus"]:before {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="plus"]:after {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: ")+";
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="star"]:before {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="star"]:after {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: ")*";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="choice"]:before {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="choice"]:after {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: ")";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="group"]:before {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="group"]:after {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: ")";
+}
+
+table {
+    background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+
+
+.interpretation-forward::before {
+    content:    "Interpretation: ";
+    font-weight:    bold;
+}
+
+.structural-forward::before {
+    content:    "Structural constraint: ";
+    font-weight:    bold;
+}
+
+.essential {
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.provType::before {
+}
+
+.pnExpression {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:120%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+}
+
+
+</span></style>
+
+  <link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-CR" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" charset="utf-8"></head> 
+  <body style="display: inherit; "><div class="head"><p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img width="72" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" alt="W3C"></a></p><h1 class="title" id="title">PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</h1><h2 id="w3c-candidate-recommendation-11-december-2012"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> <span class="delete">Working Draft 24 July</span><span class="insert">Candidate Recommendation 11 December</span> 2012</h2><dl><dt>This version:</dt><dd><span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-dm-20120724/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/</span></a></dd><dt>Latest published version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a></dd><dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt><dd><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html</a></dd><dt>Previous version:</dt><dd><span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-dm-20120503/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-dm-20120724/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-dm-20120724/</span></a> (<a href="diff.html">color-coded diffs</a>)</dd><dt>Editors:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/">Luc Moreau</a>, University of Southampton</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier">Paolo Missier</a>, Newcastle University</dd>
+<dt>Contributors:</dt><dd><a href="http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Khalid_Belhajjame">Khalid Belhajjame</a>, University of Manchester</dd>
+<dd><span>Reza B'Far</span>, Oracle Corporation</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jcheney/">James Cheney</a>, University of Edinburgh</dd>
+<dd><span>Sam Coppens</span>, IBBT - Ghent University</dd>
+<dd><span>Stephen Cresswell</span>, legislation.gov.uk</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://www.isi.edu/~gil/">Yolanda Gil</a>, Invited Expert</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://www.few.vu.nl/~pgroth/">Paul Groth</a>, VU University of Amsterdam</dd>
+<dd><span>Graham Klyne</span>, University of Oxford</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://tw.rpi.edu/instances/TimLebo">Timothy Lebo</a>, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://tw.rpi.edu/web/person/JamesMcCusker">Jim McCusker</a>, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/simonm/">Simon Miles</a>, Invited Expert</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://www.rpi.edu/research/ccni/">James Myers</a>, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://cci.case.edu/cci/index.php/Satya_Sahoo">Satya Sahoo</a>, Case Western Reserve University</dd>
+<dd><span>Curt Tilmes</span>, National Aeronautics and Space Administration</dd>
+</dl><p class="copyright"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> © 2011-2012 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym></a><sup>®</sup> (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.</p><hr></div> 
+
+    <div id="abstract" class="introductory section"><h2>Abstract</h2>
+<p>
+Provenance is information about entities, activities, and people
+involved in producing a piece of data or thing, which can be used
+ to form assessments about its quality, reliability or trustworthiness.
+PROV-DM is the conceptual data model that forms a basis for the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>
+provenance (PROV) family of specifications.
+PROV-DM distinguishes core structures, forming the essence of provenance information, from
+extended structures catering for more specific uses of provenance. 
+PROV-DM is organized in six components, respectively dealing with: 
+(1) entities and activities, and the time at which they were created, used, or ended;
+(2) derivations of entities from entities;
+(3) agents bearing responsibility for entities that were generated and activities that happened;
+(4) a notion of bundle, a mechanism to support provenance of provenance; 
+(5) properties to link entities that refer to the same thing; and,
+(6) collections forming a logical structure for its members.
+</p>
+
+<p>This document introduces the provenance concepts found in
+PROV and defines PROV-DM types and
+relations. The PROV data model is domain-agnostic, but is equipped with
+extensibility points allowing domain-specific information to be included. </p>
+
+<p>Two further documents complete the specification of PROV-DM.
+First, a companion document specifies the set of constraints that
+provenance should follow.  Second, 
+a separate document describes a provenance notation for expressing 
+instances of provenance for human consumption; this notation is used in examples in
+this document. </p>
+
+<p><span class="insert">The PROV Document Overview describes the overall state of PROV, and should be read before other PROV documents.</span></p>
+
+    </div><div id="sotd" class="introductory section"><h2>Status of This Document</h2><p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> technical reports index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em></p>
+<span class="delete">Last Call</span><h4 id="prov-family-of-documents"><span class="insert">PROV Family of Documents</span></h4>
+This <span class="insert">document </span>is <span class="delete">the fifth public release of the PROV-DM document. 
+This is</span><span class="insert">part of the PROV family of documents,</span> a <span class="delete">Last Call Working Draft. The design is not expected to change significantly, going forward, and now is the key time for external review.</span>
+
+<span class="delete">This specification identifies one  </span><span class="delete">feature at risk</span><span class="delete">: Mention (</span><span class="delete">Section 5.5.3</span><span class="delete">) might be removed from PROV if implementation experience reveals problems with supporting this construct.</span>
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">PROV Family of Specifications</span><span class="delete">
+This document is part of the PROV family of specifications, a </span>set of <span class="delete">specifications</span><span class="insert">documents</span> defining various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
+interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web.  <span class="delete">The specifications</span><span class="insert">These documents</span> are:
+<ul>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/"><span class="insert">PROV-OVERVIEW</span></a><span class="insert"> (Note), an overview of the PROV family of documents [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW"><span class="insert">PROV-OVERVIEW</span></a></cite><span class="insert">];</span></li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/"><span class="insert">PROV-PRIMER</span></a><span class="insert"> (Note), a primer for the PROV data model [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-PRIMER"><span class="insert">PROV-PRIMER</span></a></cite><span class="insert">];</span></li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/"><span class="insert">PROV-O</span></a><span class="insert"> (Recommendation), the PROV ontology, an OWL2 ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-O"><span class="insert">PROV-O</span></a></cite><span class="insert">];</span></li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/">PROV-DM</a><span class="delete">,</span><span class="insert"> (Recommendation),</span> the PROV data model for provenance (this document);</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/"><span class="insert">PROV-N</span></a><span class="insert"> (Recommendation), a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-N"><span class="insert">PROV-N</span></a></cite><span class="insert">];</span></li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a><span class="delete">,</span><span class="insert"> (Recommendation),</span> a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <span class="delete">PROV-N</span><span class="delete">, a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption [</span><span class="delete">PROV-N</span><span class="delete">];</span>
+ <span class="delete">PROV-O</span><span class="delete">, the PROV ontology, an OWL2 ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF [</span><span class="delete">PROV-O</span><span class="delete">];</span>
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/">PROV-AQ</a><span class="delete">,</span><span class="insert"> (Note),</span> the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>]; </li>
+<li> <span class="delete">PROV-PRIMER</span><span class="delete">, a primer</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/"><span class="insert">PROV-XML</span></a><span class="insert"> (Note),  an XML schema</span> for the PROV data model [<cite><span class="delete">PROV-PRIMER</span><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-XML"><span class="insert">PROV-XML</span></a></cite>].</li>
+
+
+</ul>
+<h4 id="how-to-read-the-prov-family-of-documentation">How to read the PROV Family of <span class="delete">Specifications</span><span class="insert">Documentation</span></h4>
+<ul>
+<li>The primer is the entry point to PROV offering an introduction to the provenance model.</li>
+<li>The Linked Data and Semantic Web community should focus on PROV-O defining PROV classes and properties specified in an OWL2 ontology. For further details, PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS specify the constraints applicable to the data model, and its interpretation. </li>
+<li>Developers seeking to retrieve or publish provenance should focus on PROV-AQ.</li>
+<li>Readers seeking to implement other PROV serializations
+should focus on PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS.  PROV-O and PROV-N offer examples of mapping to RDF and text, respectively.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/">Provenance Working Group</a> as a <span class="delete">Last Call Working Draft.</span><span class="insert">Candidate Recommendation.</span> This document is intended to become a <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation. If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to <a href="mailto:public-prov-comments@w3.org">public-prov-comments@w3.org</a> (<a href="mailto:public-prov-comments-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>, <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/">archives</a>). <span class="delete">The Last Call period ends 18 September 2012.</span><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium"><span class="insert">W3C</span></acronym><span class="insert"> publishes a Candidate Recommendation to indicate that the document is believed to be stable and to encourage implementation by the developer community. This Candidate Recommendation is expected to advance to Proposed Recommendation no earlier than 01 July 2014.</span> All feedback is welcome.</p><p>Publication as a <span class="delete">Working Draft</span><span class="insert">Candidate Recommendation</span> does not imply endorsement by the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.<span class="delete">This is a Last Call Working Draft and thus the Working Group has determined that this document has satisfied the relevant technical requirements and is sufficiently stable to advance through the Technical Recommendation process.</span></p><p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>. <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>.</p></div><div id="toc" class="section"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#introduction" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction<br>
+</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#compliance-with-this-document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">1.1 </span></span><span class="insert">Compliance with this Document</span></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#structure-of-this-document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">1.1</span><span class="insert">1.2</span> </span>Structure of this Document</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#conventions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">1.2</span><span class="insert">1.3</span> </span>Notational Conventions</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#namespaces" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">1.3</span><span class="insert">1.4</span> </span>Namespaces</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-overview" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>PROV Overview</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#core-structures" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1 </span>PROV Core Structures</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-entity-activity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.1 </span>Entity and Activity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-derivation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.2 </span>Derivation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-agents-attribution-association-delegation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.3 </span>Agents and Responsibility</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-extended-structures" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2 </span>PROV Extended Structures</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-extended-mechanisms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.1 </span>Mechanisms to Define Extended Structures</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-extended-approach-subtyping" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.1.1 </span>Subtyping</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-extended-approach-expanded-relation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.1.2 </span>Expanded Relations</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-extended-approach-optional-identification" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.1.3 </span>Optional Identification</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-prov-extended-approach-further-relations" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.1.4 </span>Further Relations</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-provenance-of-provnance" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.2 </span>Provenance of Provenance</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-collections" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.3 </span>Collections</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-overview-components" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Modular Organization</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-notation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>The Provenance Notation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-dm-example" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span>Illustration of PROV-DM by an Example</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-example-one" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.1 </span>Example: The Authors View</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-example-two" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.2 </span>Example: The Process View</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-example-c" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3 </span>Example: Attribution of Provenance</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#data-model-components" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5. </span>PROV-DM Types and Relations</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#component1" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1 </span>Component 1: Entities and Activities</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-entity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.1 </span>Entity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Activity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.2 </span>Activity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Generation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.3 </span>Generation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Usage" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.4 </span>Usage</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Communication" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.5 </span>Communication</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Start" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.6 </span>Start</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-End" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.7 </span>End</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Invalidation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1.8 </span>Invalidation</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component2" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2 </span>Component 2: Derivations</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Derivation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2.1 </span>Derivation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-revision" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2.2 </span>Revision</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-quotation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2.3 </span>Quotation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-primary-source" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2.4 </span>Primary Source</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component3" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3 </span>Component 3: Agents, Responsibility, and Influence</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-agent" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.1 </span>Agent</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribution" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.2 </span>Attribution</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Association" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.3 </span>Association</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-delegation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.4 </span>Delegation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-influence" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.5 </span>Influence</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component4" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4 </span>Component 4: Bundles</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-bundle" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4.1 </span>Bundle constructor</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-bundle-entity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4.2 </span>Bundle Type</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component5" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.5 </span>Component 5: Alternate Entities</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-specialization" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.5.1 </span>Specialization</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-alternate" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.5.2 </span>Alternate<span class="delete">5.5.3 </span><span class="delete">Mention</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component6" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.6 </span>Component 6: Collections</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-collection" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.6.1 </span>Collection</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-membership" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.6.2 </span>Membership</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#second-class-elements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7 </span>Further Elements of PROV-DM</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-identifier" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.1 </span>Identifier</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2 </span>Attribute</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-label" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2.1 </span>prov:label</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-location" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2.2 </span>prov:location</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-role" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2.3 </span>prov:role</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-type" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2.4 </span>prov:type</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-value" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.2.5 </span>prov:value</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-value" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.3 </span>Value</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-NamespaceDeclaration" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.4 </span>Namespace Declaration</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-qualified-name" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.7.5 </span>Qualified Name</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#extensibility-section" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">6. </span>PROV-DM Extensibility Points</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#valid-provenance" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">7. </span>Creating Valid Provenance</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#cross-references-to-prov-o-and-prov-n" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A. </span>Cross-References to PROV-O and PROV-N</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#changes-since-last-version" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">B. </span></span><span class="insert">Changes since last version</span></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">B.</span><span class="insert">C.</span> </span>Acknowledgements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">C.</span><span class="insert">D.</span> </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">C.1</span><span class="insert">D.1</span> </span>Normative references</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">C.2</span><span class="insert">D.2</span> </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></div> 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+     
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+    <div id="introduction" class="section"> 
+      <h2><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction<br>
+</h2> 
+
+<p> 
+For the purpose of this specification, <dfn id="dfn-provenance" class="internalDFN">provenance</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-provenance"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is defined as a record that describes the people,
+institutions, entities, and activities involved in producing,
+influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a thing.
+In particular, the provenance of information is crucial in deciding
+whether information is to be trusted, how it should be integrated with
+other diverse information sources, and how to give credit to its
+originators when reusing it.  In an open and inclusive environment
+such as the Web, where users find information that is often contradictory or
+questionable, provenance can help those users to make trust judgements.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+We present the PROV data model, PROV-DM,
+a generic data model for provenance that allows  domain and application specific representations of provenance to be translated into such a data model and  <em>interchanged</em> between systems.
+Thus, heterogeneous systems can export their native provenance into such a core data model, and applications that need to make sense of provenance can then import it,
+process it, and reason over it.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+The PROV data model distinguishes <em>core structures</em> from
+<em>extended structures</em>: core structures form the essence of
+provenance information, and are commonly found in various
+domain-specific vocabularies that deal
+with provenance or similar kinds of information [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-Mappings">Mappings</a></cite>].
+Extended structures enhance and refine core
+structures with more expressive capabilities to cater for more
+advanced uses of provenance.
+The  PROV data model, comprising both core and extended structures, is a domain-agnostic model, but with clear extensibility points allowing further domain-specific and
+application-specific extensions to be defined.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+The PROV data model has a modular design and is structured according to six components covering various facets of provenance:</p>
+<ul>
+<li> component 1: entities and activities, and the time at which they were created, used, or ended;
+</li><li> component 2: derivations of entities from others;
+</li><li> component 3: agents bearing responsibility for entities that were generated and activities that happened;
+</li><li> component 4: bundles, a mechanism to support provenance of provenance;
+</li><li> component 5: properties to link entities that refer to a same thing;
+</li><li> component 6: collections forming a logical structure for its members.
+</li></ul>
+
+
+<p>This specification presents the concepts of the PROV <span class="delete">Data Model,</span><span class="insert">data model,</span> and
+provenance types and relations, without specific concern for how they are applied.
+With these, it becomes possible to write useful provenance, and publish or embed it alongside the data it relates to. </p>
+
+<p>However, if something about which provenance is expressed is subject to change, then it is challenging to express its provenance precisely (e.g. the data from which a daily weather report is derived  changes from day to day).
+This is addressed in a companion
+ specification [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>] by proposing formal constraints on
+ the way that provenance is related to the things it
+ describes (such as the use of attributes, temporal information and
+ specialization of entities), and additional conclusions that are valid
+ to infer.
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div id="compliance-with-this-document" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">1.1 </span><span class="delete">Structure of</span><span class="insert">Compliance with</span> this Document</h3>
+
+
+<p><span class="insert">For the purpose of compliance, the normative sections of this document
+are 
+</span><a class="section-ref" href="#compliance-with-this-document"><span><span class="insert">Section 1.1</span></span></a><span class="insert">,
+</span><a class="section-ref" href="#conventions"><span><span class="insert">Section 1.3</span></span></a><span class="insert">,
+</span><a class="section-ref" href="#data-model-components"><span><span class="insert">Section 5.</span></span></a><span class="insert">, and
+</span><a href="#cross-references-to-prov-o-and-prov-n"><span class="insert">Appendix A</span></a><span class="insert">.
+</span></p><ul>
+<li><span class="insert"> Information in tables is normative if it appears in a normative section. </span></li>
+<li><span class="insert"> All figures (including UML diagrams) are informative. </span></li>
+<li><span class="insert"> Text in boxes labeled "Example" is informative.
+</span></li></ul>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="informative section" id="structure-of-this-document"> 
+<h3><span class="secno"><span class="insert">1.2 </span></span><span class="insert">Structure of this Document</span></h3><p><em><span class="insert">This section is non-normative.</span></em></p>
+
+<p><a href="#section-prov-overview">Section 2</a> provides an overview of the PROV <span class="delete">Data Model,</span><span class="insert">data model,</span>  distinguishing a core set of types and  relations, commonly found in provenance, from extended structures catering for more specific uses. It also introduces a modular organization of the data model in components. </p>
+
+<p><a href="#prov-notation">Section 3</a> overviews the Provenance Notation used to illustrate examples of provenance.</p>
+
+
+<p><a href="#prov-dm-example">Section 4</a> illustrates how the PROV data model can be used
+to express the provenance of a report published on the Web.</p>
+
+
+<p><a href="#data-model-components">Section 5</a> provides the definitions of PROV concepts, structured according to six components.</p>
+
+
+
+<p><a href="#extensibility-section">Section 6</a> summarizes PROV-DM extensibility points.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#valid-provenance">Section 7</a> introduces the idea that constraints can be applied to the PROV data model to validate provenance; these are covered in the companion specification [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>].</p>
+
+
+</div> 
+
+<div id="conventions" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno"><span class="delete">1.2</span><span class="insert">1.3</span> </span>Notational Conventions</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>The key words "<em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="must not">must not</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="required">required</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="shall">shall</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="shall
+      not">shall
+      not</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="should">should</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="should not">should not</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="recommended">recommended</em>",  "<em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em>", and
+      "<em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em>" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
+      [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC2119">RFC2119</a></cite>].</p>
+
+<p> 
+  Examples throughout this document use the PROV-N Provenance
+  Notation, briefly introduced in <a href="#prov-notation">Section 3</a> and specified fully in a separate document [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>].</p>
+
+
+
+</div> 
+
+<div class="informative section" id="namespaces"> 
+<h3><span class="secno"><span class="delete">1.3</span><span class="insert">1.4</span> </span>Namespaces</h3><p><em><span class="insert">This section is non-normative.</span></em></p>
+
+<p>
+The following namespaces prefixes are used throughout this document.
+
+</p><div style="text-align: left;">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="namespace-table"><span>Table 1<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#namespace-table"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> </span>Prefix and Namespaces used in this specification</caption> 
+<tbody><tr><td><a><b>prefix</b></a></td><td><b>namespace <span class="delete">uri</span><span class="insert">IRI</span></b></td> <td><b>definition</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>prov</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</td><td>The PROV namespace (see <a class="section-ref" href="#term-NamespaceDeclaration"><span>Section 5.7.4</span></a>)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>xsd</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema#</td><td>XML Schema Namespace [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">XMLSCHEMA11-2</a></cite>]</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>rdf</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#</td><td>The RDF namespace  [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">RDF-CONCEPTS</a></cite>]</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>(others)</a></td><td>(various)</td><td>All other namespace prefixes are used in examples only. <br> In particular, <span class="delete">URIs</span><span class="insert">IRIs</span> starting with "http://example.com" represent<br> some application-dependent <span class="delete">URI</span><span class="insert">IRI</span> [<cite><span class="delete">URI</span><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-IRI"><span class="insert">IRI</span></a></cite>]</td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+</div> 
+
+</div> 
+
+
+
+<div class="informative section" id="section-prov-overview"> 
+<h2><span class="secno">2. </span>PROV Overview</h2><p><em><span class="insert">This section is non-normative.</span></em></p>
+
+<p>This section introduces provenance concepts with informal explanations and illustrative
+examples. PROV distinguishes  <em>core structures</em>, forming the essence of  provenance, from <em>extended structures</em> catering for more specific uses of provenance.  Core and extended structures are respectively presented in <a href="#core-structures">Section 2.1</a> and <a href="#section-extended-structures">Section 2.2</a>. Furthermore, the PROV data model is organized according to components, which form thematic groupings of concepts (see <a href="#section-overview-components">Section 2.3</a>). A <em>provenance description</em> is an instance of  a <span class="insert">provenance structure, whether </span>core <span class="delete">and extended provenance structure</span><span class="insert">or extended,</span> described below.
+</p>
+
+
+<div id="core-structures" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">2.1 </span>PROV Core Structures</h3>
+
+<p>At its core, provenance describes the use and production of
+<em>entities</em> by <em>activities</em>, which may be 
+influenced in
+various ways by <em>agents</em>.  These core types and their relationships
+are illustrated
+by
+the UML diagram of <a href="#prov-core-structures-top">Figure 1</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center; ">
+ <span class="figure" id="prov-core-structures-top" style="max-width: 70%; ">
+<img src="uml/essentials.png" alt="PROV Core Structures" style="max-width: 70%; "><br>
+<span class="figcaption" id="prov-core-structures">Figure 1<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#prov-core-structures"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> PROV Core Structures<span class="insert"> (Informative)</span></span>
+  </span>
+</div>
+
+<p>The concepts found in the core of PROV are introduced in the rest of this section.
+They are summarized in  <a href="#overview-types-and-relations">Table 2</a>, where they are categorized as
+ type or relation.
+ The first column lists concepts, the second column indicates whether a concept maps to a type or a relation, whereas the third column contains the corresponding name, as it appears in Figure 1.    Names of relations have a verbal form in the past tense to express what happened in the past, as opposed to what may or will happen. In the core of PROV, all relations are binary. 
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div style="text-align: left;">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="overview-types-and-relations"><span>Table 2<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#overview-types-and-relations"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> </span>Mapping of PROV core concepts to  types and relations</caption> 
+<tbody><tr><td><a><b>PROV Concepts</b></a></td><td><b>PROV-DM types or relations</b></td><td><b>Name</b></td><td><b>Overview</b></td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td><td rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;">PROV-DM Types</td><td><a title="dfn-Entity" href="#dfn-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-entity-activity"><span>Section 2.1.1</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a></td><td><a title="dfn-Activity" href="#dfn-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-entity-activity"><span>Section 2.1.1</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a></td><td><a title="dfn-agent" href="#dfn-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-agents-attribution-association-delegation"><span>Section 2.1.3</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a></td><td rowspan="7" style="text-align: center;">PROV-DM Relations</td><td><a title="wasGeneratedBy" href="#dfn-wasgeneratedby" class="internalDFN">WasGeneratedBy</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-entity-activity"><span>Section 2.1.1</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a></td><td><a title="used" href="#dfn-used" class="internalDFN">Used</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-entity-activity"><span>Section 2.1.1</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN">Communication</a></td><td><a title="wasInformedBy" href="#dfn-wasinformedby" class="internalDFN">WasInformedBy</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-entity-activity"><span>Section 2.1.1</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">Derivation</a></td><td><a title="wasDerivedFrom" href="#dfn-wasderivedfrom" class="internalDFN">WasDerivedFrom</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-derivation"><span>Section 2.1.2</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">Attribution</a></td><td><a title="wasAttributedTo" href="#dfn-wasattributedto" class="internalDFN">WasAttributedTo</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-agents-attribution-association-delegation"><span>Section 2.1.3</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">Association</a></td><td><a title="wasAssociatedWith" href="#dfn-wasassociatedwith" class="internalDFN">WasAssociatedWith</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-agents-attribution-association-delegation"><span>Section 2.1.3</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="#concept-delegation" class="internalDFN">Delegation</a></td><td><a title="actedOnBehalfOf" href="#dfn-actedonbehalfof" class="internalDFN">ActedOnBehalfOf</a></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="section-ref" href="#section-agents-attribution-association-delegation"><span>Section 2.1.3</span></a></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<form action="#"><p> 
+<input id="hide-examples" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','anexample conceptexample','none'); set_display_by_id('hide-examples','none'); set_display_by_id('show-examples','');" type="button" value="Hide Concept Examples"> 
+<input id="show-examples" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','anexample conceptexample',''); set_display_by_id('hide-examples',''); set_display_by_id('show-examples','none');" style="display: none" type="button" value="Show Concept Examples"> 
+</p> 
+</form> 
+
+
+
+
+  
+    <div id="section-entity-activity" class="section"> 
+<h4><span class="secno">2.1.1 </span>Entity and Activity</h4>
+
+
+<p>In PROV, things we want to describe the provenance of are called <em>entities</em> and have some fixed aspects. The term "things" encompasses a broad diversity of notions, including digital objects such as a file or web page, 
+physical things such as a mountain, a building, a printed book, or a car as well as abstract concepts and ideas. 
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">
+   An <span class="dfn">entity</span> is a physical, digital, conceptual, or other kind of thing with some fixed aspects; entities may be real or imaginary. </span> [<a href="#term-entity">Detailed specification</a>]</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="entity-example"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 1<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#entity-example"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>An entity may be the document at <span class="delete">URI</span><span class="insert">IRI</span> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17526723">http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17526723</a>, a file in a file system, a car, or an idea.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">   An <span class="dfn">activity</span>  is something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with entities;  it may include consuming, processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, or generating entities.  </span> [<a href="#term-Activity">Detailed specification</a>]
+Just as entities cover a broad range of notions, 
+activities can cover a broad range of
+notions:
+information processing activities
+ may for example move, copy, or duplicate  digital entities;
+ physical activities can include
+ driving a car <span class="delete">from Boston to Cambridge</span><span class="insert">between two locations</span> or printing a book.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="activity-example"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 2<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#activity-example"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>An activity may be the publishing of a document on the Web, sending a twitter message, extracting metadata embedded in a file, driving a car from Boston to Cambridge, assembling a data set based on a set of measurements, performing a statistical analysis over a data set, sorting news items according to some criteria, running a SPARQL query over a triple store, or editing a file.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Activities and entities are associated with each other in two different ways: activities utilize entities and activities  produce entities. The act of utilizing or producing an entity may have a duration.  
+ The term 'generation' refers to the completion of the act of producing; likewise, the term 'usage' refers to the beginning of the act of utilizing entities. Thus, we define the following concepts of generation and usage. </p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">
+   <span class="dfn">Generation</span> is the completion of production of a new entity by an activity. This entity did not exist before generation and becomes available for usage after this generation. </span> [<a href="#term-Generation">Detailed specification</a>]</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">
+   <span class="dfn">Usage</span> is the beginning of utilizing an entity by an activity. Before usage, the activity had not begun to utilize this entity and could not have been affected by the entity. </span>  [<a href="#term-Usage">Detailed specification</a>]</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="generation-example"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 3<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#generation-example"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>Examples of generation are the completed creation of a file by a
+program, the completed creation of a linked data set, and the completed
+publication of a new version of a document.
+</p></div>
+
+<span class="delete">
+One might reasonably ask what entities are used and generated by
+driving a car from Boston to Cambridge.  This is answered by
+considering that a single artifact may
+correspond to several entities; in this case, a car in Boston may be a
+different entity from a car in Cambridge.  
+Thus, among other things,
+an entity "car in Boston" would be used, and a new entity "car in
+Cambridge" would be generated by this activity of driving.  The
+provenance trace of the car might include: designed in Japan,
+manufactured in Korea, shipped to Boston USA, purchased by customer,
+driven to Cambridge, serviced by engineer in Cambridge, etc., all of
+which might be important information when deciding whether or not it
+represents a sensible second-hand purchase.  Or some of it might
+alternatively be relevant when trying to determine the truth of a web
+page reporting a traffic violation involving that car.  This breadth
+of provenance allows descriptions of interactions between physical and
+digital artifacts.
+</span>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="usage-example"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 4<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#usage-example"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>Usage examples include a procedure beginning to consume an argument, a service starting to read a value on a port, a program beginning to read a configuration
+file, or the point at which an ingredient, such as eggs, is being added in a baking activity. Usage may entirely consume an entity (e.g. eggs are no longer available after being added to
+the mix); in contrast, the same entity may be used multiple times, possibly by different activities (e.g. a file on a file system can be read indefinitely).
+</p></div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="driving-a-car"><div class="anexampleTitle"><span class="insert">Example 5</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#driving-a-car"><span class="diamond"><span class="insert"> ◊</span></span></a></sup></div>
+<p><span class="insert">
+Let us consider the activity of driving a car from Boston to Cambridge.
+One might reasonably ask what entities are used and generated by this activity.
+This is answered by
+considering that a single artifact may
+correspond to several entities; in this case, a car in Boston may be a
+different entity from a car in Cambridge.  
+Thus, among other things,
+an entity "car in Boston" would be used, and a new entity "car in
+Cambridge" would be generated by this activity of driving.  The
+provenance trace of the car might include: designed in Japan,
+manufactured in Korea, shipped to Boston USA, purchased by customer,
+driven to Cambridge, serviced by engineer in Cambridge, etc., all of
+which might be important information when deciding whether or not it
+represents a sensible second-hand purchase.  Or some of it might
+alternatively be relevant when trying to determine the truth of a web
+page reporting a traffic violation involving that car.  This breadth
+of provenance allows descriptions of interactions between physical and
+digital artifacts.
+</span></p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>The generation of an entity by an activity and its subsequent usage by another activity is termed communication.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">
+   <span class="dfn">Communication</span> is the exchange of some unspecified entity by two activities, one activity using some entity generated by the other. </span>   [<a href="#term-Communication">Detailed specification</a>]</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="communication-example"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">5</span><span class="insert">6</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#communication-example"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+The activity of writing a celebrity article was informed by (a
+communication instance) the activity of intercepting voicemails.
+</p></div>
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+    <div id="section-derivation" class="section"> 
+<h4><span class="secno">2.1.2 </span>Derivation</h4>
+
+
+
+<p>Activities utilize entities and produce entities. In some cases, utilizing an entity influences the creation of another in some way. This notion of 'influence' is captured by derivations, defined as follows.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">   A <span class="dfn">derivation</span>  is a transformation of an entity into another, an update of an entity resulting in a new one, or the construction of a new entity based on a pre-existing entity.</span>
+   [<a href="#term-Derivation">Detailed specification</a>]</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="derivation-example"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">6</span><span class="insert">7</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#derivation-example"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>Examples of derivation include  the transformation of a relational table into a
+linked data set, the transformation of a canvas into a painting, the transportation of a work of art from London to New York, and a physical transformation such as the melting of ice into water.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p><span class="insert">
+The focus of derivation is on connecting a generated entity to a used
+entity.</span>
+While the basic idea is simple, the concept of derivation can be quite
+subtle: implicit is the notion that the generated entity was affected
+in some way by the used entity.  
+
+If an artifact
+was used by an activity that also generated a new artifact, it does not always follow
+that the second artifact was derived from the first.  In the activity
+of creating a painting, an artist may have mixed some paint that was
+never actually applied to the canvas: the painting would typically
+not be considered a derivation from the unused paint.  
+
+PROV does not attempt to specify the conditions under which derivations
+exist; rather, derivation is considered to have been determined by unspecified means. 
+Thus, while a chain of usage and generation is necessary for a
+derivation to hold between entities, it is not sufficient; some
+form of influence occurring during the activities involved is also needed. 
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div id="section-agents-attribution-association-delegation" class="section"> 
+<h4><span class="secno">2.1.3 </span>Agents and Responsibility</h4>
+
+<p>For many purposes, a key consideration
+ for deciding whether something is reliable and/or trustworthy is
+ knowing who or what <em>was reponsible</em> for its production.  Data published by
+ a respected independent organization may be considered more
+ trustworthy than that from a lobby organization; a claim by a
+ well-known scientist with an established track record may be more
+ believed than a claim by a new student; a calculation performed by an
+ established software library may be more reliable than by a one-off
+ program.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">
+   An <span class="dfn">agent</span> is something that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place, for the existence of an entity, or for another agent's activity. </span>   [<a href="#term-agent">Detailed specification</a>]
+ An agent may be a particular type of entity or activity. This means that the model can be
+ used to express provenance of the agents themselves.  
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="agent-example"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">7</span><span class="insert">8</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#agent-example"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+Software for checking the use of grammar in a document may be defined as an agent of a document preparation activity;  one can also describe its provenance, including for instance the vendor and the version history. 
+A site selling books on the Web, the services involved in the processing of orders, and the companies hosting them are also agents.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<p>Agents can be related to entities, activities, and other agents.</p>  
+
+<p><span class="glossary-ref">   <span class="dfn">Attribution</span> is the ascribing of an entity to an agent. </span>
+[<a href="#term-attribution">Detailed specification</a>]</p>
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="attribution-example"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">8</span><span class="insert">9</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#attribution-example"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>A blog post can be attributed to an author, a mobile phone to its manufacturer.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+Agents are defined as having some kind of responsibility for activities. </p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">   An activity <span class="dfn">association</span> is an assignment of responsibility to an agent for an activity, indicating that the agent had a role in the activity.  </span>
+[<a href="#term-Association">Detailed specification</a>]</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="association-example"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">9</span><span class="insert">10</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#association-example"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>Examples of association between an activity and an agent are:
+</p><ul>
+<li>creation of a web page under the guidance of a designer;</li>
+<li>various forms of participation in a panel discussion, including audience member, panelist, or panel chair;</li>
+<li>a public event, sponsored by a company, and hosted by a museum;</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">
+   <span class="dfn">Delegation</span> is the assignment of authority and responsibility to an agent (by itself or by another agent)  to carry out a specific activity as a delegate or representative, while the agent it acts on behalf of retains some responsibility for the outcome of the delegated work. </span>
+[<a href="#term-delegation">Detailed specification</a>]
+ The nature of this relation is intended to be broad,  including contractual relation, but also altruistic initiative by the representative agent. </p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="delegation-example"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">10</span><span class="insert">11</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#delegation-example"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>A student publishing a web page describing an academic
+department could result in both the student and the department being
+agents associated with the activity.  It may not matter which actual
+student published a web page, but it may matter significantly that the department
+told the student to put up the web page.  
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="section-extended-structures" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">2.2 </span>PROV Extended Structures</h3>
+
+<p>While the core of PROV focuses on essential provenance structures commonly found in provenance descriptions, extended structures 
+are designed to support more advanced uses of provenance. 
+The purpose of this section is twofold. First, mechanisms to specify these extended structures are introduced.  Second,  two further kinds of provenance structures are overviewed: they cater for provenance of provenance and collections,  respectively.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div id="section-prov-extended-mechanisms" class="section"> 
+<h4><span class="secno">2.2.1 </span>Mechanisms to Define Extended Structures</h4>
+
+<p>Extended structures are defined by a variety of mechanisms 
+outlined in this section: subtyping, expanded relations, optional
+identification, and new relations.</p>
+
+
+<div id="section-prov-extended-approach-subtyping" class="section"> 
+<h5><span class="secno">2.2.1.1 </span>Subtyping</h5>
+
+<p>Subtyping can be applied to core types. For example, a software agent is special kind of agent, defined as follows.</p>
+
+<span class="glossary-ref">
+   A <span class="dfn">software agent</span>  is running software. </span>
+
+
+<p>Subtyping can also be applied to  core relations. For example, a revision is a special kind of derivation, defined as follows.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="glossary-ref">   A <span class="dfn">revision</span>   is a derivation for which the resulting entity is a revised version of some original. </span></p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="section-prov-extended-approach-expanded-relation" class="section"> 
+<h5><span class="secno">2.2.1.2 </span>Expanded Relations</h5>
+
+<p><a class="section-ref" href="#core-structures"><span>Section 2.1</span></a> shows that seven concepts are mapped to binary relations in the core of PROV.  However, some advanced uses of these concepts cannot be captured by a binary relation, but require relations to be expanded to n-ary relations.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<p><span class="insert">Indeed, binary relations are actually shorthands that can be 'opened up' by applications and filled in with further application details. For example, derivation is a very high level relationship between two entities: an application may decide to 'open up' that relationship in an expanded relation that describes how an entity was derived from another by virtue of listing the generation, usage, and activity involved in the derivation relationship. Applications are free to decide which level of granularity they want describe, and   PROV gives them the way to do that.</span></p>
+
+
+
+<p>To illustrate expanded relations, we <span class="delete">consider</span><span class="insert">revisit</span> the concept of
+association, <span class="delete">described</span><span class="insert">introduced</span>
+in <a class="section-ref" href="#section-agents-attribution-association-delegation"><span>Section 2.1.3</span></a><span class="delete">.</span><span class="insert"> (full definition of the expanded association can be found
+in </span><a class="section-ref" href="#term-Association"><span><span class="insert">Section 5.3.3</span></span></a><span class="insert">).</span>  Agents may <span class="delete">adopt</span><span class="insert">rely on</span> <em>plans</em>, i.e.  sets of actions or steps, to achieve their
+goals in the context of an activity.
+Hence, an expanded form of
+association relation allows for a plan to be specified. Plan is defined by subtyping and 
+full association by an expanded relation, as follows. </p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">
+   A <span class="dfn">plan</span> is an entity that represents a set of actions or steps intended by one or more agents to achieve some goals.  </span>
+</p> 
+
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">   An activity <span class="dfn">association</span> is an assignment of responsibility to an agent for an activity, indicating that the agent had a role in the activity. It further allows for a plan to be specified, which is the plan intended by the agent to achieve some goals in the context of this activity. </span>
+</p>
+
+<p>There exist no
+prescriptive requirement on the nature of plans, their representation, the
+actions or steps they consist of, or their intended goals.  Since plans may evolve over time,
+it may become necessary to track their provenance, so plans themselves are
+entities. Representing the plan explicitly in the provenance can be useful for various tasks: for example, to  
+validate the execution as represented in the provenance record, to  
+manage expectation failures, or to provide explanations.</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="association-example2"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">11</span><span class="insert">12</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#association-example2"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>An example of association between an activity and an agent involving a plan is:
+an XSLT transform (an activity) launched by a user (an agent) based on an XSL style sheet (a plan).
+
+</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="section-prov-extended-approach-optional-identification" class="section"> 
+<h5><span class="secno">2.2.1.3 </span>Optional Identification</h5>
+
+<p>Some concepts exhibit both a core use, expressed as
+binary relation, and an extended use, expressed as n-ary relation.  In
+some cases, mapping the concept to a relation, whether binary or
+n-ary, is not sufficient: instead, it may be required to
+identify an instance of such concept.  In those cases, <span class="delete">PROV-DM</span><span class="insert">PROV</span> allows for 
+an optional identifier to be
+expressed to identify an instance of an association between two or
+more elements.  This optional identifier can then be used to refer to
+an instance as part of other concepts.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="identifier-example"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">12</span><span class="insert">13</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#identifier-example"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>A service may read a same configuration file on two different occasions. Each  usage can be identifed by its own identifier, allowing them to be distinguished. 
+</p></div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div id="section-prov-extended-approach-further-relations" class="section"> 
+<h5><span class="secno">2.2.1.4 </span>Further Relations</h5>
+
+<p>Finally, <span class="delete">PROV-DM</span><span class="insert">PROV</span> supports further relations that are not subtypes or expanded versions of existing relations (such as <a href="#concept-specialization" class="internalDFN">specialization</a>, <a href="#concept-alternate" class="internalDFN">alternate</a>).</p>
+
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div id="section-provenance-of-provnance" class="section"> 
+<h4><span class="secno">2.2.2 </span>Provenance of Provenance</h4>
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">
+ A <span class="dfn">bundle</span> is a named set of provenance descriptions, and is itself an entity, so allowing provenance of provenance to be expressed.  </span>
+
+</p><p>
+For users to decide whether they can place their trust in
+something, they may want to analyze its provenance, but also determine
+the agent its provenance is attributed to, and when it was
+generated. In other words, users need to be able to determine the provenance of provenance.
+Hence, provenance is also
+regarded as an entity (of type Bundle), by which provenance of provenance can then be
+expressed.
+</p>
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="bundle-example"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">13</span><span class="insert">14</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#bundle-example"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+In a decision making situation, decision makers may be presented with the same piece of knowledge, issued by multiple sources.  In order to validate this piece of knowledge, decision makers can consider its provenance, but also the provenance of <span class="delete">their</span><span class="insert">its</span> provenance, which may help determine whether it can be trusted.
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div id="section-collections" class="section"> 
+<h4><span class="secno">2.2.3 </span>Collections</h4>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">   A <span class="dfn">collection</span> is an entity that provides a structure to some <span class="delete">constituents, which are</span><span class="insert">constituents that must</span> themselves<span class="insert"> be</span> entities. These constituents are said to be <span class="dfn">member of</span> the collections.  </span> Many different types of collections exist, such as <em>sets</em>, <em>dictionaries</em>, or <em>lists</em>. 
+Using Collections, one can express the provenance of the collection itself in addition to that of the members.  </p>
+
+<div class="anexample conceptexample" id="collection-example"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">14</span><span class="insert">15</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#collection-example"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+An example of collection is an archive of documents. Each document has its own provenance, but the archive itself also has some provenance: who maintained it, which documents it contained at which point in time, how it was assembled, etc. 
+</p></div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="section-overview-components" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Modular Organization</h3>
+
+<p>Besides the separation between core and extended structures, PROV-DM
+is further organized according to components, grouping concepts in a
+thematic manner. </p>
+
+<p> <a href="#components-overview">Table 3</a> enumerates the six components, five of which have already been implicitly overviewed in this section. All components contain extended structures, whereas only the first three contain core structures.
+
+</p><div id="components-overview-div" style="text-align: center;">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="components-overview"><span>Table 3<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#components-overview"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> </span>Components Overview</caption> 
+<tbody><tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td>Component</td><td>Core <br>Structures</td><td>Overview</td><td>Specification</td><td>Description</td></tr> 
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="	padding: 8px;">1</td><td style="text-align: left;">Entities and Activities</td><td>✔</td><td><a href="#section-entity-activity">2.1.1</a></td><td><a href="#component1">5.1</a></td><td style="text-align: left;">about entities and activities, and their interrelations</td></tr> 
+<tr><td>2</td><td style="text-align: left;">Derivation</td><td>✔</td><td><a href="#section-derivation">2.1.2</a></td><td><a href="#component3">5.2</a></td><td style="text-align: left;">about derivations and its subtypes</td></tr> 
+<tr><td>3</td><td style="text-align: left;">Agent and Responsibility</td><td>✔</td><td><a href="#section-agents-attribution-association-delegation">2.1.3</a></td><td><a href="#component2">5.3</a></td><td style="text-align: left;">about agents and concepts ascribing responsibility to them</td></tr> 
+<tr><td>4</td><td style="text-align: left;">Bundles</td><td></td><td><a href="#section-provenance-of-provnance">2.2.2</a></td><td><a href="#component4">5.4</a></td><td style="text-align: left;">about bundles, a mechanism to support provenance of provenance</td></tr> 
+<tr><td>5</td><td style="text-align: left;">Alternate</td><td></td><td>—</td><td><a href="#component5">5.5</a></td><td style="text-align: left;">about relations linking entities referring the same thing</td></tr> 
+<tr><td>6</td><td style="text-align: left;">Collections</td><td></td><td><a href="#section-collections">2.2.3</a></td><td><a href="#component6">5.6</a></td><td style="text-align: left;">about collections</td></tr> 
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="informative section" id="prov-notation">  
+<h2><span class="secno">3. </span>The Provenance Notation</h2><p><em><span class="insert">This section is non-normative.</span></em></p>
+
+
+<p>To illustrate the application of PROV concepts to a concrete example (see <a href="#prov-dm-example">Section 4</a>) and to provide examples of concepts (see <a href="#data-model-components">Section 5</a>),
+we introduce PROV-N, a notation for writing instances of the PROV data model. For full <span class="delete">details,</span><span class="insert">details and for a normative reference,</span> the reader is referred to the companion specification [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>].
+PROV-N is a notation  aimed at human consumption, with the following characteristics:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>PROV-N expressions adopt a <em>functional notation</em> consisting
+of a name and a list of arguments in parentheses.</li>
+
+<li>The interpretation of PROV-N arguments is defined according to their <em>position</em> in the list of arguments. This convention allows for a compact notation. </li>
+
+<li>The PROV data model defines <em>identifiers</em> as qualified names; in PROV-N, they are expressed as a local name optionally preceded of a prefix and a colon. </li>
+
+
+
+<li>
+PROV-N <em>optional arguments</em> need not be specified:
+the general rule for optional arguments is that, if none of them are used in the expression, then they are simply omitted, resulting in a simpler expression. However, it may be the case that only some of the optional arguments need to be specified. Because the position of the arguments in the expression matters, in this case, an additional marker must be used to indicate that a particular term is not available. The syntactic marker  '<span class="name">-</span>' is used for this purpose.
+</li>
+
+<li>Most expressions 
+include an identifier 
+and a set of attribute-value pairs; both are optional unless otherwise specified. By convention, the identifier occurs in the <em>first position</em>, and the set of attribute-value pairs in the <em>last position</em>.
+Consistent with the convention on arguments, the marker  '<span class="name">-</span>' can be used when the identifier is not available, or can be omitted altogether with no ambiguity arising. To further disambiguate expressions that contain an optional identifier, the optional identifier or marker must be followed by '<span class="name">;</span>'.
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-prov-n"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">15</span><span class="insert">16</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-prov-n"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+An activity with identifier <span class="name">a1</span> and an attribute <span class="name">type</span> with value <span class="name">createFile</span>.
+</p><pre class="codeexample">activity(a1, <span class="delete">[prov:type="createFile"])</span><span class="insert">[ prov:type="createFile" ])</span>
+</pre>
+Two entities with identifiers <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>.
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(e1)
+entity(e2)
+</pre>
+The activity  <span class="name">a1</span> used  <span class="name">e1</span>, and <span class="name">e2</span> was generated by <span class="name">a1</span>.
+<pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">used(a1,e1)
+wasGeneratedBy(e2,a1)</span><span class="insert">used(a1, e1)
+wasGeneratedBy(e2, a1)</span>
+</pre>
+The same descriptions, but with an explicit identifier <span class="name">u1</span> for the usage, and the syntactic marker '<span class="name">-</span>' to mark the absence of identifier in the generation. Both are followed by  '<span class="name">;</span>'.
+<pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">used(u1;a1,e1)
+wasGeneratedBy(-;e2,a1)</span><span class="insert">used(u1; a1, e1)
+wasGeneratedBy(-; e2, a1)</span>
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="informative section" id="prov-dm-example"> 
+<h2><span class="secno">4. </span>Illustration of PROV-DM by an Example</h2><p><em><span class="insert">This section is non-normative.</span></em></p>
+
+<p><a href="#section-prov-overview">Section 2</a> has introduced some provenance concepts, and how they are expressed as types or relations in the PROV data model. The purpose of this section is to put these concepts into practice in order to express the provenance of some document published on the Web.  
+With this realistic example, PROV concepts are  composed together,  and a graphical illustration shows a provenance description forming a directed graph, rooted at the entity we want to explain the provenance of, and pointing to the entities, activities, and agents it depended on. This example also shows that, sometimes, multiple provenance descriptions about the same entity can co-exist, which then justifies the need for provenance of provenance.</p>
+
+
+<p>In this example, we consider one of the many documents published by the World Wide Web Consortium, and describe its provenance. 
+Specifically, we consider the document identified by
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215</a>. Its provenance can be expressed from several perspectives: first,  provenance can take the authors' viewpoint; second, it can be concerned with the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> process. Then, attribution of these two provenance descriptions is provided.</p>
+
+
+<div id="section-example-one" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">4.1 </span>Example: The Authors View</h3>
+
+
+<p style="font-style:italic; "><b>Description:</b> A document
+is edited by some editor, using contributions from various
+contributors.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<p>In this perspective, provenance of the document
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215</a> is concerned with the editing activity as perceived by authors.  This kind of information could be used by authors in their CV or in a narrative about this document. </p>
+
+
+
+
+<p>We paraphrase some <span class="delete">PROV-DM</span><span class="insert">PROV</span> descriptions, express them with the PROV-N notation, and depict them with a graphical illustration (see <a href="#prov-a-document1-top">Figure 2</a>).
+Full details of the provenance record can be found <a href="examples/w3c-publication1.provn">here</a>.</p>
+
+<div style="text-align: center; ">
+  <span class="figure" id="prov-a-document1-top">
+  <img src="images/dm/w3c-publication1.png" alt="Provenance of a Document (1)" style="max-width: 98%; "><br>
+<span class="figcaption" id="prov-a-document1">Figure 2<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#prov-a-document1"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> Provenance of a Document <span class="delete">(1)</span><span class="insert">(part 1)  (Informative)</span></span> 
+  </span>
+</div>
+
+
+<ul>
+<li>There was a document <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span>, which from the author's perspective was a document in its second version. 
+<pre>entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>There was an editing activity.
+<pre><span class="delete">activity(ex:edit1,[prov:type="edit"])</span><span class="insert">activity(ex:edit1, [ prov:type="edit" ])</span>
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>The document was generated by the editing activity: this was a <a title="concept-generation">Generation</a>.<span class="insert"> Its time is not specified, hence, the marker '-'.</span>
+<pre>wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+
+<li>There were some agents.
+<pre>agent(ex:Paolo, [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+agent(ex:Simon, [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>Agents were assigned various responsibilities in the editing activity: contributor and editor.<span class="insert"> The plan the agent relied upon is not specified, hence, the marker '-'.</span>
+<pre>wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Paolo, -, [ prov:role="editor" ])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Simon, -, [ prov:role="contributor" ])
+</pre>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+Provenance descriptions can be <em>illustrated</em> graphically. The illustration is not intended to represent all the details of the model, but it is intended to show the essence of a set of
+provenance <span class="delete">descriptions.</span><span class="insert">descriptions [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-LAYOUT"><span class="insert">PROV-LAYOUT</span></a></cite><span class="insert">].</span>  Therefore, it should not be seen as an alternate notation for expressing provenance.</p>
+
+<p>The graphical illustration takes the form of a graph. Entities, activities and agents are represented as nodes, with oval, rectangular, and pentagonal shapes, respectively.  Usage,
+Generation, Derivation, and Association are represented as directed edges.</p>
+
+<p>Entities are laid out according to the ordering of their generation.  We endeavor to show time progressing from left to right. This means that edges for Usage, Generation,
+Derivation, Association typically point leftwards</p>
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="section-example-two" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">4.2 </span>Example: The Process View</h3>
+
+
+<p style="font-style:italic; "><b>Description:</b> The World Wide Web
+Consortium publishes documents according to its publication
+policy.  Working drafts are published regularly to reflect the work
+accomplished by working groups. Every publication of a working draft
+must be preceded by a "publication request" to the Webmaster.  The
+very first version of a document must also be preceded by a
+"transition request" to be approved by the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> director.  All working
+drafts are made available at a unique <span class="delete">URI.</span><span class="insert">IRI.</span>  In this scenario, we consider two successive versions of a given document, the policy according to which they were published, and the associated requests.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+We describe the kind of provenance record that the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium">WWW Consortium</a> could keep for auditors to check that due processes are followed. All entities involved in this example are Web resources, with well-defined <span class="delete">URIs</span><span class="insert">IRIs</span> (some of which refer archived email messages, available to <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Members).</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li> Two versions of a document were involved: <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> (second working draft) and <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span> (first working draft);</li>
+<li> Both <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> and <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span> were published by the WWW Consortium (<span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium">w3:Consortium</a></span>); </li>
+<li> The publication activity for <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> was <span class="name">ex:act2</span>;</li>
+<li> The publication activity for <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span> was <span class="name">ex:act1</span>;
+</li>
+
+<li> The document <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> was derived from <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span>;</li>
+
+<li> The publication activity <span class="name">ex:act1</span> used a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq">publication request</a> (<span class="name"><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/2011Oct/0141">email:2011Oct/0141</a></span>) and a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#transreq">transition request</a> (<span class="name"><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/chairs/2011OctDec/0004">chairs:2011OctDec/0004</a></span>);</li>
+<li> The publication activity <span class="name">ex:act2</span> used a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq">publication request</a> (<span class="name"><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/2011Dec/0111">email:2011Dec/0111</a></span>);</li>
+<li> Documents were published according to the process rules (<span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#rec-advance">process:rec-advance</a></span>), a plan in <span class="delete">PROV-DM</span><span class="insert">PROV</span> terminology.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+We now paraphrase some PROV descriptions, and express them with the PROV-N notation, and depict them with a graphical illustration (see <a href="#prov-a-document2-top">Figure 3</a>). Full details of the provenance record can be found <a href="examples/w3c-publication2.provn">here</a>.
+
+</p><div style="text-align: center;">
+  <span class="figure" id="prov-a-document2-top">
+  <img src="images/dm/w3c-publication2.png" alt="Provenance of a Document (2)" style="max-width: 90%; "><br>
+<span class="figcaption" id="prov-a-document2">Figure 3<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#prov-a-document2"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> Provenance of a Document <span class="delete">(2)</span><span class="insert">(part 2) (Informative)</span></span> 
+  </span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<ul>
+<li>There was a document, a working draft (<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/02pd/rec54#WD">rec54:WD</a>), which is an entity so that we can describe its provenance. Similar descriptions exist for all entities.
+<pre>entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type='rec54:WD' ])
+</pre>
+</li>
+<li>There was a publication activity.
+<pre><span class="delete">activity(ex:act2,[prov:type="publish"])</span><span class="insert">activity(ex:act2, [ prov:type="publish" ])</span>
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>The document was generated by the publication activity: this was a <a title="concept-Generation">Generation</a>.<span class="insert"> Its time is not specified, hence, the marker '-'.</span>
+<pre>wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:act2, -)
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+
+<li>The second draft of the document was derived from the first draft: this was a <a title="concept-Derivation">Derivation</a>.
+<pre>wasDerivedFrom(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018)
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>The activity required a publication request: this was a <a title="concept-Usage">Usage</a>.<span class="insert"> Its time is not specified, hence, the marker '-'.</span>
+<pre>used(ex:act2, email:2011Dec/0111, -)
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>The activity was associated with the Consortium agent, and proceeded according to its publication policy: this is an <a title="concept-activityAssociation">Activity Association</a>.
+<pre>wasAssociatedWith(ex:act2, w3:Consortium, process:rec-advance)
+</pre>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<p> This simple example has shown a variety of PROV concepts, such as Entity, Agent, Activity, Usage, Generation, Derivation, and Association. In this example, it happens that all entities were already Web resources, with readily available <span class="delete">URIs,</span><span class="insert">IRIs,</span> which we used. We note that some of the resources are public, whereas others have restricted access: provenance statements only make use of their identifiers. If identifiers do not pre-exist, e.g. for activities, then they can be generated, for instance <span class="name">ex:act2</span>, occurring in the namespace identified by prefix <span class="name">ex</span>.  We note that the <span class="delete">URI</span><span class="insert">IRI</span> scheme developed by <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> is particularly suited for expressing provenance of these documents, since each <span class="delete">URI</span><span class="insert">IRI</span> denotes a specific version of a document. It then becomes easy to relate the various versions with  <span class="delete">PROV-DM</span><span class="insert">PROV</span> relations. We note that an Association is a ternary relation (represented by a multi-edge labeled wasAssociatedWith) from an activity to an agent and a plan.</p>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="section-example-c" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">4.3 </span>Example: Attribution of Provenance</h3>
+
+<p>The two previous sections  offer two different perspectives on the provenance of a document.  PROV allows for multiple sources to provide the provenance of a subject. For users to decide whether they can place their trust in the document, they may want to analyze its provenance, but also determine who the provenance is attributed to, and when it was
+generated, etc. In other words, we need to be able to express the provenance of provenance.</p>
+
+<p>PROV-DM offers a construct to name a bundle of provenance descriptions (full details: <a href="examples/w3c-publication1.provn">ex:author-view</a>). </p>
+
+<pre class="codeexample">bundle ex:author-view
+
+  agent(ex:Paolo,   [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+  agent(ex:Simon,   [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+
+
+...
+
+endBundle
+</pre>
+
+Likewise, the process view can be expressed as a separate named bundle (full details: <a href="examples/w3c-publication2.provn">ex:process-view</a>).
+<pre class="codeexample">bundle ex:process-view
+
+   agent(w3:Consortium, [ prov:type='prov:Organization' ])
+
+...
+
+endBundle
+</pre>
+
+<p>To express their respective provenance, these bundles must be seen as entities, and all PROV constructs are now available to express their provenance. In the example below, <span class="name">ex:author-view</span> is attributed to the agent  <span class="name">ex:Simon</span>, whereas <span class="name">ex:process-view</span> to  <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>.
+
+</p><pre class="codeexample">entity(ex:author-view, <span class="delete">[prov:type='prov:Bundle'</span><span class="insert">[ prov:type='prov:Bundle'</span> ])
+wasAttributedTo(ex:author-view, ex:Simon)
+
+entity(ex:process-view, <span class="delete">[prov:type='prov:Bundle'</span><span class="insert">[ prov:type='prov:Bundle'</span> ])
+wasAttributedTo(ex:process-view, w3:Consortium)
+</pre>
+
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="data-model-components" class="section"> 
+
+<h2><span class="secno">5. </span>PROV-DM Types and Relations</h2>
+
+<p>Provenance concepts, expressed as PROV-DM types and relations, are organized according to six components that are defined in this section.
+The components and their dependencies are illustrated in <a href="#prov-dm-components">Figure 4</a>. A component that relies on concepts defined in another is displayed above it in the figure.  So, for example, component 5 (alternate) depends on concepts defined in component 4 (bundles), itself dependent on concepts defined in component 1 (entity and activity).
+</p>
+
+<div id="prov-dm-components-ul">
+<ul>
+<li><b>Component 1: entities and activities.</b> The first component consists of entities, activities, and concepts linking them, such as generation, usage, start, end. The first component is the only one comprising time-related concepts. </li>
+<li><b>Component 2: derivations.</b>  The second component is formed with derivations and derivation subtypes.</li>
+<li><b>Component 3: agents, responsibility, and influence.</b> The third component consists of agents and concepts ascribing responsibility to agents.</li>
+<li><b>Component 4: bundles.</b> The fourth component is concerned with bundles, a mechanism to support provenance of provenance.</li>
+<li><b>Component 5: alternate.</b> The fifth component consists of relations linking entities referring to the same thing. </li>
+<li><b>Component 6: collections.</b> The sixth component is about collections. </li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<span class="figure" style="max-width: 95%; ">
+<img usemap="#componentMap" src="images/dm/components-dependencies.png" alt="PROV-DM Components" style="max-width: 90%; ">
+<map id="componentMap" name="componentMap">
+<area title="agents/responsibility" href="#component3" coords="0,0,67,268" alt="agents/responsibility" shape="rect">
+<area title="agents/responsibility" href="#component3" coords="67,0,134,201" alt="agents/responsibility" shape="rect">
+<area title="agents/responsibility" href="#component3" coords="134,0,201,67" alt="agents/responsibility" shape="rect">
+<area title="derivations" href="#component2" coords="201,0,268,201" alt="derivations" shape="rect">
+<area title="derivations" href="#component2" coords="134,67,201,201" alt="derivations" shape="rect">
+
+
+
+<area title="alternate" href="#component5" coords="335,0,402,201" alt="alternate" shape="rect">
+<area title="collections" href="#component6" coords="402,0,469,201" alt="collections" shape="rect">
+<area title="activities/entities" href="#component1" coords="67,201,469,268" alt="activities/entities" shape="rect">
+<area title="bundles" href="#component4" coords="268,0,402,201" alt="bundles" shape="rect">
+</map>
+<br>
+<span class="figcaption" id="prov-dm-components">Figure 4<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#prov-dm-components"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> PROV-DM Components<span class="insert"> (Informative)</span></span>  
+</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+While  not all PROV-DM relations are binary, they all involve two primary elements. Hence, <a href="#relations-at-a-glance">Table 4</a> indexes all relations <span class="insert">(except </span><a href="#dfn-wasinfluencedby" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">wasInfluencedBy</span></a><span class="insert">) </span>according to their two primary elements (referred to as subject and object).  The table adopts the same color scheme as <a href="#prov-dm-components">Figure 4</a>, allowing components to be readily identified.<span class="delete">
+Note that for simplicity, this table  does not include collection-oriented relations.</span>
+Relation names appearing in bold correspond to the core structures introduced
+in <a href="#core-structures">Section 2.1</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div id="relations-at-a-glance-div" style="text-align: center;">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="relations-at-a-glance"><span>Table 4<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#relations-at-a-glance"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> </span>PROV-DM Relations At a Glance</caption> 
+<tbody><tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td colspan="6">Object</td></tr> 
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td colspan="2">Entity</td><td colspan="2">Activity</td><td colspan="2">Agent</td></tr> 
+<tr><td rowspan="3">Subject</td><td>Entity</td><td colspan="2"><div class="component2-color"><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasderivedfrom">WasDerivedFrom</a><br><a href="#concept-revision" class="internalDFN">Revision</a><br><a href="#concept-quotation" class="internalDFN">Quotation</a><br><a>PrimarySource</a></div><div class="component5-color"><a href="#dfn-alternateof" class="internalDFN">AlternateOf</a><br><a href="#dfn-specializationof" class="internalDFN">SpecializationOf</a><span class="delete">MentionOf</span></div><div class="component6-color"><a href="#dfn-hadmember" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">HadMember</span></a></div></td><td class="component1-color"><a class="essential internalDFN" title="wasGeneratedBy" href="#dfn-wasgeneratedby">WasGeneratedBy</a><br><a title="wasInvalidatedBy" href="#dfn-wasinvalidatedby" class="internalDFN">WasInvalidatedBy</a></td><td class="component1-color" style="font-style: italic; "><a title="role" href="#concept-role" class="internalDFN">R</a><br><a title="time" href="#dfn-time" class="internalDFN">T</a><br><a title="location" href="#concept-location" class="internalDFN">L</a><br></td><td class="component3-color" colspan="2"><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasattributedto">WasAttributedTo</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Activity</td><td class="component1-color"><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-used">Used</a><br><a href="#dfn-wasstartedby" class="internalDFN">WasStartedBy</a><br><a href="#dfn-wasendedby" class="internalDFN">WasEndedBy</a></td><td class="component1-color" style="font-style: italic; "><a title="role" href="#concept-role" class="internalDFN">R</a><br><a title="time" href="#dfn-time" class="internalDFN">T</a><br><a title="location" href="#concept-location" class="internalDFN">L</a><br></td><td colspan="2" class="component1-color"><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasinformedby">WasInformedBy</a></td><td class="component3-color"><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasassociatedwith">WasAssociatedWith</a></td><td class="component3-color" style="font-style: italic; "><a title="role" href="#concept-role" class="internalDFN">R</a><br></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Agent</td><td colspan="2">—</td><td colspan="2">—</td><td class="component3-color" colspan="2"><a class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-actedonbehalfof">ActedOnBehalfOf</a></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+<p>The letters 'R' and 'L' appearing in the right-hand side of some cells of <a href="#relations-at-a-glance">Table 4</a> indicate that attributes 
+<a title="role" href="#concept-role" class="internalDFN">prov:role</a> (<a class="section-ref" href="#term-attribute-role"><span>Section 5.7.2.3</span></a>)
+and
+<a title="location" href="#concept-location" class="internalDFN">prov:location</a> (<a class="section-ref" href="#term-attribute-location"><span>Section 5.7.2.2</span></a>)
+are permitted for these relations.
+The letter 'T' indicates an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> <a title="time" href="#dfn-time" class="internalDFN">time</a> is also permitted.
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+<p><span class="insert">
+Some PROV-DM relations are not binary and involve extra optional element. They are summarized in  </span><a href="#secondary-elements-relations-at-a-glance-div"><span class="insert">Table 5</span></a><span class="insert"> grouping secondary objects, according to their type.  The table also adopts the same color scheme as </span><a href="#prov-dm-components"><span class="insert">Figure 4</span></a><span class="insert">, allowing components to be readily identified. None of these relations correspond to the core structures introduced
+in </span><a href="#core-structures"><span class="insert">Section 2.1</span></a><span class="insert">.</span></p>
+
+
+<div id="secondary-elements-relations-at-a-glance-div" style="text-align: center;">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="secondary-elements-relations-at-a-glance"><span><span class="insert">Table 5</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#secondary-elements-relations-at-a-glance"><span class="diamond"><span class="insert"> ◊:</span></span></a></sup> </span><span class="insert">Secondary optional elements in PROV-DM Relations</span></caption> 
+<tbody><tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td colspan="3"><span class="insert">Secondary Object</span></td></tr> 
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td><span class="insert">Entity</span></td><td><span class="insert">Activity</span></td><td><span class="insert">Agent</span></td></tr> 
+<tr><td rowspan="3"><span class="insert">Subject</span></td><td><span class="insert">Entity</span></td><td><span class="insert">—</span></td><td class="component2-color"><a href="#dfn-wasderivedfrom" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">WasDerivedFrom</span></a><span class="insert"> (</span><a href="#derivation.activity"><span class="insert">activity</span></a><span class="insert">)</span></td><td><span class="insert">—</span></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="insert">Activity</span></td><td class="component3-color"><a href="#dfn-wasassociatedwith" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">WasAssociatedWith</span></a><span class="insert"> (</span><a href="#association.plan"><span class="insert">plan</span></a><span class="insert">)</span></td><td class="component1-color"><a href="#dfn-wasstartedby" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">WasStartedBy</span></a><span class="insert"> (</span><a href="#start.starter"><span class="insert">starter</span></a><span class="insert">)</span><br><a href="#dfn-wasendedby" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">WasEndedBy</span></a><span class="insert"> (</span><a href="#end.ender"><span class="insert">ender</span></a><span class="insert">)</span></td><td><span class="insert">—</span></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="insert">Agent</span></td><td><span class="insert">—</span></td><td class="component3-color"><a href="#dfn-actedonbehalfof" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">ActedOnBehalfOf</span></a><span class="insert"> (</span><a href="#delegation.activity"><span class="insert">activity</span></a><span class="insert">)</span></td><td><span class="insert">—</span></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+<p><a href="#prov-dm-types-and-relations">Table <span class="delete">5</span><span class="insert">6</span></a> is a complete index of all the types and relations of PROV-DM, color-coded according to the component they belong to.  In the first column,  concept names  link to their informal definition, whereas, in the second column, representations link to the information used to represent the concept. Concept names appearing in bold <span class="insert">in the first column </span>are the core structures introduced in <a href="#core-structures">Section 2.1</a>.<span class="insert"> Likewise, these core structures have their names and parameters highlighted in bold in the second column (prov-n representation); expanded structures are not represented with a bold font.</span></p>
+
+
+<div id="prov-dm-types-and-relations-fig" style="text-align: left;">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="prov-dm-types-and-relations"><span>Table <span class="delete">5</span><span class="insert">6</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#prov-dm-types-and-relations"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> </span>PROV-DM Types and Relations</caption> 
+<tbody><tr><td><a><b>Type or Relation Name</b></a></td><td><b>Representation in the PROV-N notation</b></td><td><b>Component</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+<tr class="component1-color"><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td><td><a title="dfn-Entity" class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-entity">entity(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a></td><td rowspan="8"><a href="#component1">Component 1: Entities/Activities</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a></td><td><a title="dfn-Activity" class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-activity">activity(id, st, et, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a></td><td><a title="wasGeneratedBy" href="#dfn-wasgeneratedby" class="internalDFN"><span class="essential">wasGeneratedBy(</span>id;<span class="essential">e,a</span>,t,attrs<span class="essential">)</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a></td><td><a title="used" href="#dfn-used" class="internalDFN"><span class="essential">used(</span>id;<span class="essential">a,e</span>,t,attrs<span class="essential">)</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN">Communication</a></td><td><a title="wasInformedBy" href="#dfn-wasinformedby" class="internalDFN"><span class="essential">wasInformedBy(</span>id;<span class="essential">a2,a1</span>,attrs<span class="essential">)</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a></td><td><a title="wasStartedBy" href="#dfn-wasstartedby" class="internalDFN">wasStartedBy(id;a2,e,a1,t,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a></td><td><a title="wasEndedBy" href="#dfn-wasendedby" class="internalDFN">wasEndedBy(id;a2,e,a1,t,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</a></td><td><a title="wasInvalidatedBy" href="#dfn-wasinvalidatedby" class="internalDFN">wasInvalidatedBy(id;e,a,t,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr class="component2-color"><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">Derivation</a></td><td><a title="wasDerivedFrom" href="#dfn-wasderivedfrom" class="internalDFN"><span class="essential">wasDerivedFrom(</span>id; <span class="essential">e2, e1</span>, a, g2, u1, attrs<span class="essential">)</span></a></td><td rowspan="4"><a href="#component2">Component 2: Derivations</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component2-color"><td class="provType"><a href="#concept-revision" class="internalDFN">Revision</a></td><td><a title="dfn-revision">... prov:type='prov:Revision' ...</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component2-color"><td class="provType"><a href="#concept-quotation" class="internalDFN">Quotation</a></td><td><a title="dfn-quotation">... prov:type='prov:Quotation' ...</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component2-color"><td class="provType"><a href="#concept-primary-source" class="internalDFN">Primary Source</a></td><td><a title="dfn-primary-source">... prov:type='prov:PrimarySource' ...</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+<tr class="component3-color" style="border-collapse: collapse; "><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a></td><td><a title="dfn-agent" class="essential internalDFN" href="#dfn-agent">agent(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a></td><td rowspan="9"><a href="#component3">Component 3: Agents, Responsibility, Influence</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">Attribution</a></td><td><a title="wasAttributedTo" href="#dfn-wasattributedto" class="internalDFN"><span class="essential">wasAttributedTo(</span>id;<span class="essential">e,ag</span>,attr<span class="essential">)</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">Association</a></td><td><a title="wasAssociatedWith" href="#dfn-wasassociatedwith" class="internalDFN"><span class="essential">wasAssociatedWith(</span>id;<span class="essential">a,ag</span>,pl,attrs<span class="essential">)</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td class="essential"><a href="#concept-delegation" class="internalDFN">Delegation</a></td><td><a title="actedOnBehalfOf" href="#dfn-actedonbehalfof" class="internalDFN"><span class="essential">actedOnBehalfOf(</span>id;<span class="essential">ag2,ag1</span>,a,attrs<span class="essential">)</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td class="provType"><a href="#concept-plan" class="internalDFN">Plan</a></td><td><a title="plan" href="#concept-plan" class="internalDFN">... prov:type='prov:Plan' ...</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td class="provType"><a href="#concept-person" class="internalDFN">Person</a></td><td><a title="person" href="#concept-person" class="internalDFN">... prov:type='prov:Person' ...</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td class="provType"><a href="#concept-organization" class="internalDFN">Organization</a></td><td><a title="organization" href="#concept-organization" class="internalDFN">... prov:type='prov:Organization' ...</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td class="provType"><a title="software-agent" href="#concept-software-agent" class="internalDFN">SoftwareAgent</a></td><td><a title="software-agent" href="#concept-software-agent" class="internalDFN">... prov:type='prov:SoftwareAgent' ...</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td><a href="#concept-influence" class="internalDFN">Influence</a></td><td><a title="wasInfluencedBy" href="#dfn-wasinfluencedby" class="internalDFN">wasInfluencedBy(id;e2,e1,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+
+
+<tr class="component4-color"><td><a title="bundle" href="#concept-bundle" class="internalDFN">Bundle constructor</a></td><td><a title="dfn-bundle" href="#dfn-bundle-constructor" class="internalDFN">bundle id description_1 ... description_n endBundle</a></td><td rowspan="2"><a href="#component4">Component 4: Bundles</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component4-color"><td class="provType"><a title="bundle" href="#concept-bundle" class="internalDFN">Bundle type</a></td><td><a title="bundle" href="#concept-bundle" class="internalDFN">... prov:type='prov:Bundle' ...</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr class="component5-color"><td><a href="#concept-alternate" class="internalDFN">Alternate</a></td><td><a title="alternateOf" href="#dfn-alternateof" class="internalDFN">alternateOf(alt1, alt2)</a></td><td rowspan="2"><a href="#component5">Component 5: Alternate</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component5-color"><td><a href="#concept-specialization" class="internalDFN">Specialization</a></td><td><a title="specializationOf" href="#dfn-specializationof" class="internalDFN">specializationOf(infra, supra)</a></td></tr>
+<span class="delete">Mention</span><span class="delete">mentionOf(infra, supra,bundle)</span> 
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr class="component6-color"><td class="provType"><a href="#concept-collection" class="internalDFN">Collection</a></td><td><a title="collection" href="#concept-collection" class="internalDFN">... prov:type='prov:Collection' ...</a></td><td rowspan="3"><a href="#component6">Component 6: Collections</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component6-color"><td class="provType"><a title="empty collection" href="#concept-empty-collection" class="internalDFN">EmptyCollection</a></td><td><a title="empty collection" href="#concept-empty-collection" class="internalDFN">... prov:type='prov:EmptyCollection' ...</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component6-color"><td><a href="#concept-membership" class="internalDFN">Membership</a></td><td><a title="hadMember" href="#dfn-hadmember" class="internalDFN">hadMember(c,e)</a></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+In the rest of the section, each type and relation is defined informally,
+ followed by a summary of the information used to represent the concept, and
+ illustrated with PROV-N examples.</p>
+
+
+<div id="component1" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">5.1 </span>Component 1: Entities and Activities</h3>
+
+<p>The first component of PROV-DM is concerned with <a title="entity" href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">entities</a> and <a title="activity" href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">activities</a>, and their interrelations: <span class="insert">Used (</span><a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a><span class="delete">, </span><span class="insert">), WasGeneratedBy (</span><a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a><span class="delete">, </span><span class="insert">), WasStartedBy (</span><a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a><span class="delete">, </span><span class="insert">), WasEndedBy (</span><a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a><span class="delete">, </span><span class="insert">), WasInvalidatedBy (</span><a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</a><span class="delete">,</span><span class="insert">),</span> and <span class="insert">WasInformedBy (</span><a href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN">Communication</a><span class="delete">.</span><span class="insert">).</span>  <a href="#figure-component1">Figure 5</a> uses UML to depict the first component.
+Core structures are displayed in the yellow area, consisting of two classes (<a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a>, <a href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a>) and three binary associations between <span class="delete">them</span><span class="insert">them: Used</span> (<a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a><span class="delete">, </span><span class="insert">), WasGeneratedBy (</span><a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a><span class="delete">,</span><span class="insert">),</span> and <span class="insert">WasInformedBy (</span><a href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN">Communication</a>). The rest of the figure displays extended structures, including UML association classes (see [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-UML">UML</a></cite>], section 7.3.4, p. 42), represented in gray, to express expanded n-ary relations <span class="delete">(for </span><span class="insert">for Used (</span><a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a><span class="delete">, </span><span class="insert">), WasGeneratedBy (</span><a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a><span class="delete">, </span><span class="insert">), WasInvalidatedBy (</span><a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</a><span class="delete">, </span><span class="insert">), WasStartedBy (</span><a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a><span class="delete">, </span><span class="insert">), WasEndedBy (</span><a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a>). The figure also makes explicit associations with <em>time</em> for these concepts (time being marked with the primitive stereotype).   When not specified, cardinality is assumed to be 0..*.
+</p>
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<span class="figure" style="max-width: 95%; ">
+<img src="uml/component1.png" alt="entities and activities"><br>
+<span class="figcaption" id="figure-component1">Figure 5<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#figure-component1"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> Entities and Activities Component Overview<span class="insert"> (Informative)</span></span> 
+</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+   <div id="term-entity" class="section"> 
+      
+<h4><span class="secno">5.1.1 </span>Entity</h4>
+
+
+<div class="glossary-ref">   An <dfn id="concept-entity" class="internalDFN">entity</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-entity"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is a physical, digital, conceptual, or other kind of thing with some fixed aspects; entities may be real or imaginary. </div>
+
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-entity">An <dfn title="dfn-Entity" id="dfn-entity" class="internalDFN">entity</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-entity"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-entity">entity(id, [attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-N, </span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="entity.id">id</span>: an identifier for an entity; </li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="entity.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set of attribute-value  pairs ((<span class="name">attr1</span>, <span class="name">val1</span>), ...) representing additional information about <span class="insert">the fixed aspects of </span>this entity.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-entity"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">16</span><span class="insert">17</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-entity"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+The following expression</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
+</pre>
+states the existence of an entity, denoted by identifier <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>,  with type <span class="name">document</span> and version number <span class="name">2</span>. The attribute <span class="name">ex:version</span> is application specific, whereas the attribute <span class="name">type</span> (see <a href="#term-attribute-type">Section 5.7.4.4</a>) is reserved in the <a title="prov-namespace" href="#dfn-prov-namespace" class="internalDFN">PROV namespace</a>.
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+    </div> 
+
+    <div id="term-Activity" class="section"> 
+      
+<h4><span class="secno">5.1.2 </span>Activity</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref">   An <dfn id="concept-activity" class="internalDFN">activity</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-activity"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>  is something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with entities;  it may include consuming, processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, or generating entities.  </div>
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-activity"> An <dfn title="dfn-Activity" id="dfn-activity" class="internalDFN">activity</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-activity"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-activity">activity(id, st, et, [attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="activity.id">id</span>: an identifier for an activity;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="activity.startTime">startTime</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> time (<span class="name">st</span>) for the start of the activity;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="activity.endTime">endTime</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> time (<span class="name">et</span>) for the end of the activity;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="activity.attributes">attributes</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set of attribute-value pairs ((<span class="name">attr1</span>, <span class="name">val1</span>), ...) representing additional information about this activity.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-activity"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">17</span><span class="insert">18</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-activity"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+The following expression</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">activity(a1,2011-11-16T16:05:00,2011-11-16T16:06:00,</span><span class="insert">activity(a1, 2011-11-16T16:05:00, 2011-11-16T16:06:00,</span>
+        [ ex:host="server.example.org", prov:type='ex:edit' ])
+</pre>
+<p>states the existence of an activity with identifier <span class="name">a1</span>, start time <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:05:00</span>, and end time <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:06:00</span>, running on host <span class="name">server.example.org</span>, and of type <span class="name">edit</span>.  The attribute <span class="name">host</span>  is application specific  (declared in some namespace with prefix <span class="name">ex</span>).  The attribute <span class="name">type</span> is a reserved attribute of PROV-DM, allowing for sub-typing to be expressed  (see <a href="#term-attribute-type">Section 5.7.4.4</a>).</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>Further considerations:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>An activity is not an entity. This distinction is similar to the distinction between 
+'continuant' and 'occurrent' in logic [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-Logic">Logic</a></cite>].
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-Generation" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.1.3 </span>Generation</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref">   <dfn id="concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-generation"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is the completion of production of a new entity by an activity. This entity did not exist before generation and becomes available for usage after this generation. </div>
+
+<p><span class="insert">Given that a generation is the completion of production of an entity, 
+it is instantaneous.</span></p>
+
+<p>
+</p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-generation"><dfn title="wasGeneratedBy" id="dfn-wasgeneratedby" class="internalDFN">Generation</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasgeneratedby"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasGeneratedBy(id; e, a, t, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="generation.id">id</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier for a generation;</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="generation.entity">entity</span>:  an identifier (<span class="name">e</span>) for a created entity; </li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="generation.activity">activity</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) for the activity that creates the entity;</li>
+
+<li><span class="attribute" id="generation.time">time</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> "generation time" (<span class="name">t</span>), the time at which the entity was completely created;</li>
+
+<li><span class="attribute" id="generation.attributes">attributes</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this generation.</li>
+</ul></div>
+<p>While each of <a href="#generation.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="#generation.activity"><span class="attribute">activity</span></a>, <a href="#generation.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="#generation.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> is <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em>, at least one of them <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-generation1"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">18</span><span class="insert">19</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-generation1"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+The following expressions</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">  wasGeneratedBy(e1, a1, 2001-10-26T21:32:52, [ ex:port="p1" ])
+  wasGeneratedBy(e2, a1, 2001-10-26T10:00:00, [ ex:port="p2" ])
+</pre>
+<p>state the existence of two generations (with respective times <span class="name">2001-10-26T21:32:52</span> and <span class="name">2001-10-26T10:00:00</span>), at which new entities,  identified by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="delete">are</span><span class="insert">were</span> created by an
+activity,  identified by <span class="name">a1</span>.
+The first one <span class="delete">is</span><span class="insert">was</span> available  on port <span class="name">p1</span>, whereas the other <span class="delete">is</span><span class="insert">was</span> available on port <span class="name">p2</span>.  The semantics of <span class="name">port</span> are application specific.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-generation2"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">19</span><span class="insert">20</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-generation2"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+In some cases, we may want to record the time at which an entity was generated without having to specify the activity that generated it. To support this requirement, the activity element in generation is optional. Hence,  the following expression indicates the time at which an entity is generated, without naming the activity that did it.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">  wasGeneratedBy(e, -, 2001-10-26T21:32:52)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="term-Usage" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.1.4 </span>Usage</h4>
+
+<p><span class="glossary-ref">   <dfn id="concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-usage"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is the beginning of utilizing an entity by an activity. Before usage, the activity had not begun to utilize this entity and could not have been affected by the entity. </span>  (Note: This definition is formulated for a given usage; it is permitted for an activity to have used a same entity multiple times.)</p>
+
+
+
+
+<p><span class="insert">Given that a usage  is  the beginning of utilizing an entity, it is 
+instantaneous.</span></p>
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-usage"><dfn title="used" id="dfn-used" class="internalDFN">Usage</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-used"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">used(id; a, e, t, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="usage.id">id</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier for a usage;</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="usage.activity">activity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) for the activity that used an entity;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="usage.entity">entity</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">e</span>) for the  entity being used;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="usage.time">time</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> "usage time" (<span class="name">t</span>), the time at which the entity started to be used;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="usage.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this usage.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+<p>While each of <a href="#usage.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="#usage.entity"><span class="attribute">entity</span></a>, <a href="#usage.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="#usage.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> is <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em>, at least one of them <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present.</p>
+
+<p>
+A reference to a given entity <em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em> appear in multiple usages that share
+ a given activity identifier. 
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-usage"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">20</span><span class="insert">21</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-usage"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>The following usages</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">  used(a1, e1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ ex:parameter="p1" ])
+  used(a1, e2, 2011-11-16T16:00:01, [ ex:parameter="p2" ])
+</pre>
+<p>state that the activity identified by <span class="name">a1</span> used two entities identified by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, at times <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> and  <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:01</span>, respectively; the first
+one was found as the value of parameter <span class="name">p1</span>, whereas the second was found as value of parameter <span class="name">p2</span>.  The semantics of <span class="name">parameter</span> is application specific.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-Communication" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.1.5 </span>Communication</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref">   <dfn id="concept-communication" class="internalDFN">Communication</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-communication"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is the exchange of some unspecified entity by two activities, one activity using some entity generated by the other. </div>
+
+
+<p>A communication implies that activity  <span class="name">a2</span> is dependent on another <span class="name">a1</span>, by way of some unspecified entity that is generated by <span class="name">a1</span> and used by <span class="name">a2</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-wasInformedBy">
+A <dfn title="wasInformedBy" id="dfn-wasinformedby" class="internalDFN">communication</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasinformedby"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup><span class="withPn">, written as 
+<span class="pnExpression">wasInformedBy(id; a2, a1, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has: 
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="communication.id">id</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier  identifying the relation;</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="communication.informed">informed</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">a2</span>) of the informed activity;
+</li><li><span class="attribute" id="communication.informant">informant</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">a1</span>) of the informant activity;
+</li><li><span class="attribute" id="communication.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this communication.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-communication"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">21</span><span class="insert">22</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-communication"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+Consider two activities  <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>, the former performed by a government agency, and the latter by a driver caught speeding. 
+</p><pre class="codeexample">activity(a1, [ prov:type="traffic regulations enforcing" ])
+activity(a2, [ prov:type="fine <span class="delete">paying, check writing, and mailing"</span><span class="insert">paying"</span> ])
+wasInformedBy(a2, a1)
+</pre>
+The last line indicates that some implicit entity was generated by  <span class="name">a1</span> and used by  <span class="name">a2</span>; this entity may be a traffic ticket that had a notice of fine, amount, and payment mailing details.
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-Start" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.1.6 </span>Start</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref">   <dfn id="concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-start"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is when an activity is deemed to have <span class="delete">started.  The activity did not exist before its start. Any usage or generation involving an activity follows the activity's start. A start may refer to</span><span class="insert">been started by</span> an entity, known as <dfn id="concept-start-trigger" class="internalDFN">trigger</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-start-trigger"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup><span class="delete">,</span><span class="insert">.  The activity did not exist before its start. Any usage, generation, or invalidation involving an activity follows the activity's start. A start may refer to a trigger entity</span> that set off the activity, or to an activity, known as <dfn id="concept-start-starter" class="internalDFN">starter</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-start-starter"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>, that generated the trigger. </div>
+
+
+
+
+<p><span class="insert">Given that a start is when an activity is deemed to have started, it 
+is instantaneous.</span></p>
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-start">An activity <dfn title="wasStartedBy" id="dfn-wasstartedby" class="internalDFN">start</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasstartedby"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasStartedBy(id; a2, e, a1, t, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="start.id">id</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier for the activity start;</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="start.activity">activity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">a2</span>) for the started activity;</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="start.trigger">trigger</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">e</span>) for the entity triggering the activity;</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="start.starter">starter</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">a1</span>) for the activity that generated the (possibly unspecified) entity (<span class="name">e</span>);</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="start.time">time</span>: the <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> time (<span class="name">t</span>) at which the activity was started; </li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="start.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this activity start.
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+
+<p>While each of <a href="#start.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="#start.trigger"><span class="attribute">trigger</span></a>, <a href="#start.starter"><span class="attribute">starter</span></a>, <a href="#start.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="#start.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> is <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em>, at least one of them <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present.</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-start1"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">22</span><span class="insert">23</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-start1"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+The following example contains the description of an activity <span class="name">a1</span> (a discussion), which was started at a specific time, and was triggered by an email message <span class="name">e1</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(e1, [ prov:type="email message"] )
+activity(a1, [ prov:type="Discuss" ])
+wasStartedBy(a1, e1, -, 2011-11-16T16:05:00)
+</pre>
+Furthermore, if the message is also an input to the activity, this can be described as follows:
+<pre class="codeexample">used(a1, e1, -)
+</pre>
+<p>Alternatively, one can also describe the activity that generated the email message.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">activity(a0, [ prov:type="Write" ])
+wasGeneratedBy(e1, a0)
+wasStartedBy(a1, e1, a0, 2011-11-16T16:05:00)
+</pre>
+<p>If <span class="name">e1</span> is not known, it would also be valid to write:
+</p><pre class="codeexample">wasStartedBy(a1, -, a0, 2011-11-16T16:05:00)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-start2"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">23</span><span class="insert">24</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-start2"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+In the following example, a race is started by a bang, and responsibility for this trigger is attributed to an agent 
+ <span class="name">ex:Bob</span>.
+</p><pre class="codeexample">activity(ex:foot_race)
+entity(ex:bang)
+wasStartedBy(ex:foot_race, ex:bang, -, 2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00)
+agent(ex:Bob)
+wasAttributedTo(ex:bang, ex:Bob)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-start3"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">24</span><span class="insert">25</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-start3"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+In this example, filling fuel was started as a consequence of
+observing low fuel. The trigger entity is unspecified, it could
+for instance have been the low fuel warning light, the fuel tank
+indicator needle position, or the engine not running properly.
+
+
+</p><pre class="codeexample" id="anexample-start4">activity(ex:filling-fuel)
+activity(ex:observing-low-fuel)
+
+agent(ex:driver, [ prov:type='prov:Person'  )
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:filling-fuel, ex:driver)
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:observing-low-fuel, ex:driver)
+
+wasStartedBy(ex:filling-fuel, -, ex:observing-low-fuel, -)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>The relations wasStartedBy and used are orthogonal, and thus need to be expressed independently, according to the situation being described.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-End" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.1.7 </span>End</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref">   <dfn id="concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-end"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is when an activity is deemed to have <span class="delete">ended.  The activity no longer exists after its end. Any usage, generation, or invalidation involving an activity precedes the activity's end. An end may refer to</span><span class="insert">been ended by</span> an entity, known as <dfn id="concept-end-trigger" class="internalDFN">trigger</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-end-trigger"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup><span class="delete">,</span><span class="insert">.  The activity no longer exists after its end. Any usage, generation, or invalidation involving an activity precedes the activity's end. An end may refer to a trigger entity</span> that terminated the activity, or to an activity, known as <dfn id="concept-end-ender" class="internalDFN">ender</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-end-ender"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> that generated the trigger. </div>
+
+
+
+
+<p><span class="insert">Given that an end is when an activity is deemed to have ended, it is 
+instantaneous.</span></p>
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-end">An activity <dfn title="wasEndedBy" id="dfn-wasendedby" class="internalDFN">end</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasendedby"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasEndedBy(id; a2, e, a1, t, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="end.id">id</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier for the activity end;</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="end.activity">activity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">a2</span>) for the ended activity;
+</li><li><span class="attribute" id="end.trigger">trigger</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">e</span>) for the entity triggering the activity ending;
+</li><li><span class="attribute" id="end.ender">ender</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">a1</span>) for the activity that generated the (possibly unspecified) entity (<span class="name">e</span>);</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="end.time">time</span>: the <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> time (<span class="name">t</span>) at which the activity was ended; </li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="end.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this activity end.
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+
+<p>While each of <a href="#end.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="#end.trigger"><span class="attribute">trigger</span></a>, <a href="#end.ender"><span class="attribute">ender</span></a>, <a href="#end.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="#end.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> is <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em>, at least one of them <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present.</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-end"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">25</span><span class="insert">26</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-end"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+The following example is a description of an activity <span class="name">a1</span> (editing) that was ended following an approval document <span class="name">e1</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(e1, [ prov:type="approval document" ])
+activity(a1, [ prov:type="Editing" ])
+wasEndedBy(a1, e1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-Invalidation" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.1.8 </span>Invalidation</h4>
+
+
+<div class="glossary-ref">   <dfn id="concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-invalidation"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is the start of the destruction, cessation, or expiry of an existing entity by an activity. The entity is no longer available for use (or further invalidation) after invalidation. Any generation or usage of an entity precedes its invalidation.</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<p><span class="insert">Given that an invalidation is the start  of destruction, cessation, or 
+expiry, it is instantaneous.</span></p>
+
+<p>
+Entities have a duration. Generation marks the beginning of an entity, whereas invalidation marks its end. 
+An entity's lifetime can end for different reasons:</p>
+<ul>
+<li> an entity was destroyed: e.g. a painting was destroyed by fire; a Web page is taken out of a site;
+</li><li> an entity was consumed: e.g. Bob ate all his soup, Alice ran out of gas when driving to work;
+</li><li> an entity expires: e.g. a "buy one beer, get one free" offer is valid during happy hour (7-8pm);
+</li><li> an entity is time limited: e.g. the BBC news site on April 3rd, 2012;
+</li><li> an entity attribute is changing: e.g. the traffic light changed from green to red.
+</li></ul>
+<p>In the first two cases, the entity has physically disappeared after its termination: there is no more soup, or painting.  In the <span class="delete">last three cases,</span><span class="insert">third case,</span> there may be an "offer voucher" that still exists, but it is no longer valid; likewise, on April 4th, the BBC news site still exists but it is not the same entity as BBC news Web site on April 3rd; or the<span class="insert"> 
+green</span> traffic light <span class="insert">(an entity with a fixed aspect green light) </span>became <span class="insert">the
+</span>red <span class="delete">and therefore is regarded as</span><span class="insert">traffic light (anohter entity with</span> a <span class="delete">different entity to the green light.</span><span class="insert">fixed aspect red light).</span>
+</p>
+
+
+
+<p>
+</p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-invalidation"><dfn title="wasInvalidatedBy" id="dfn-wasinvalidatedby" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasinvalidatedby"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasInvalidatedBy(id; e, a, t, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.id">id</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier for a invalidation;</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.entity">entity</span>:  an identifier for the invalidated entity; </li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.activity">activity</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier for the activity that invalidated the entity;</li>
+
+<li><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.time">time</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> "invalidation time", the time at which the entity began to be invalidated;</li>
+
+<li><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.attributes">attributes</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this invalidation.</li>
+</ul></div>
+<p>While each of <a href="#invalidation.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="#invalidation.activity"><span class="attribute">activity</span></a>, <a href="#invalidation.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="#invalidation.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> is <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em>, at least one of them <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-invalidation1"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">26</span><span class="insert">27</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-invalidation1"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+<em>The Painter</em>, a Picasso painting, is known to have been destroyed in a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_artworks#20th_century">plane accident</a>.
+
+</p><pre class="codeexample">entity(ex:The-Painter)
+agent(ex:Picasso)
+wasAttributedTo(ex:The-Painter, ex:Picasso)
+activity(ex:crash)
+wasInvalidatedBy(ex:The-Painter, ex:crash, 1998-09-03T01:31:00, [ ex:circumstances="plane accident" ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-invalidation2"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">27</span><span class="insert">28</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-invalidation2"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+The BBC news home page on 2012-04-03 <span class="name">ex:bbcNews2012-04-03</span>
+contained a reference to a given news item
+ <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-17595024">bbc:news/uk-17595024</a>,
+but the BBC news home page on the next day did not.
+</p><pre class="codeexample">entity(ex:bbcNews2012-04-03)
+hadMember(ex:bbcNews2012-04-03, bbc:news/uk-17595024)
+wasGeneratedBy  (ex:bbcNews2012-04-03, -, 2012-04-03T00:00:01)
+wasInvalidatedBy(ex:bbcNews2012-04-03, -, 2012-04-03T23:59:59)
+</pre>
+
+We refer to example
+<a href="#anexample-specialization" class="anexample-ref"><span>Example <span class="delete">42</span><span class="insert">43</span></span></a>
+ for further descriptions of the BBC Web site, and to  <a href="#term-membership">Section 5.6.2</a> for a description of the relation <a title="hadMember" href="#dfn-hadmember" class="internalDFN">hadMember</a>.
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-invalidation3"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">28</span><span class="insert">29</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-invalidation3"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+In this example, the  "buy one beer, get one free" offer expired at the end of the happy hour.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour)
+<span class="delete">wasAttributedTo(proprietor)</span><span class="insert">wasAttributedTo(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour, proprietor)</span>
+wasInvalidatedBy(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour,
+                 -,2012-03-10T18:00:00)
+</pre>
+<p>In contrast, in the following descriptions, Bob redeemed the offer 45 minutes before it expired, and got two beers.  
+</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour)
+<span class="delete">wasAttributedTo(proprietor)</span><span class="insert">wasAttributedTo(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour, proprietor)</span>
+activity(redeemOffer)
+entity(twoBeers)
+
+<span class="delete">wasAssociatedWith(redeemOffer,bob)
+used(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour,</span><span class="insert">wasAssociatedWith(redeemOffer, bob)
+used(redeemOffer,</span>
+     <span class="delete">redeemOffer, </span><span class="insert">buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour, 
+     </span>2012-03-10T17:15:00)
+wasInvalidatedBy(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour,
+                 redeemOffer, 
+                 2012-03-10T17:15:00)
+wasGeneratedBy(twoBeers,redeemOffer)
+</pre>
+<p>We see that the offer was both used to be converted into <span class="name">twoBeers</span> and invalidated by the <span class="name">redeemOffer</span> activity: in other words, the combined usage and invalidation indicate consumption of the offer.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="component2" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">5.2 </span>Component 2: Derivations</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>The <span class="delete">third</span><span class="insert">second</span> component of PROV-DM is concerned with: <a title="derivation" href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">derivations</a> of <a title="entity" href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">entities</a> from other entities and derivation subtypes <span class="insert">WasRevisionOf (</span><a href="#concept-revision" class="internalDFN">Revision</a><span class="delete">, </span><span class="insert">), WasQuotedFrom (</span><a href="#concept-quotation" class="internalDFN">Quotation</a><span class="delete">,</span><span class="insert">),</span> and <span class="insert">HasPrimarySource (</span><a href="#concept-primary-source" class="internalDFN">Primary Source</a><span class="delete">.</span><span class="insert">).</span>
+ <a href="#figure-component2">Figure 6</a> depicts the third component
+with PROV core structures in the yellow area, including two classes
+(<a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a>, <a href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a>) and binary association<span class="insert"> WasDerivedFrom</span>
+(<a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">Derivation</a>). PROV extended structures are found outside this
+area. UML association classes express expanded n-ary relations.
+The subclasses are marked by the UML stereotype "prov:type" to indicate that the corresponding types are valid values for the attribute <a href="#term-attribute-type">prov:type</a>.
+</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<span class="figure" style="max-width: 95%; ">
+<img src="uml/component2.png" alt="derivation"><br>
+<span class="figcaption" id="figure-component2">Figure 6<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#figure-component2"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> Derivation Component Overview<span class="insert"> (Informative)</span></span> 
+</span>
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-Derivation" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.2.1 </span>Derivation</h4>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="glossary-ref">   A <dfn id="concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">derivation</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-derivation"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>  is a transformation of an entity into another, an update of an entity resulting in a new one, or the construction of a new entity based on a pre-existing entity.</div>
+
+
+
+
+<p>According to <a href="#section-prov-overview">Section 2</a>, for an entity to be transformed from, created from, or resulting from an update to another, there must be some
+underpinning <span class="insert">activity or </span>activities performing the necessary <span class="delete">actions</span><span class="insert">action(s)</span> resulting in such a derivation.  
+A derivation can be described at various levels of precision. In its simplest form, derivation relates two entities. Optionally, attributes can be added to represent further information about the derivation.  If the derivation is the result of a single known activity, then this activity can also be optionally expressed. To provide a completely accurate description of the derivation, the generation and usage of the generated and used entities, respectively, can be provided, so as to make the derivation path, through usage, activity, and generation, explicit.  Optional information such as activity, generation, and usage can be linked to derivations to aid analysis of provenance and to facilitate provenance-based reproducibility. </p>
+
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-derivation">A <dfn title="wasDerivedFrom" id="dfn-wasderivedfrom" class="internalDFN">derivation</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasderivedfrom"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-wasDerivedFrom">wasDerivedFrom(id; e2, e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivation.id">id</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier  for a derivation;</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivation.generatedEntity">generatedEntity</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">e2</span>) of the entity generated by the derivation;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivation.usedEntity">usedEntity</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">e1</span>) of the entity used by the derivation;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivation.activity">activity</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) for the activity using and generating the above entities;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivation.generation">generation</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">g2</span>) for the generation involving the generated entity (<span class="name">e2</span>) and <span class="delete">activity;</span><span class="insert">activity (</span><span class="name"><span class="insert">a</span></span><span class="insert">);</span></li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivation.usage">usage</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">u1</span>) for the usage involving the used entity (<span class="name">e1</span>) and <span class="delete">activity;</span><span class="insert">activity (</span><span class="name"><span class="insert">a</span></span><span class="insert">);</span></li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivation.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this derivation.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-derivation"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">29</span><span class="insert">30</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-derivation"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>The following descriptions are about derivations between  <span class="name">e2</span> and  <span class="name">e1</span>, but no information is provided as to the identity of the activity (and usage and generation) underpinning the derivation. In the second line, a type attribute is also provided.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, [ prov:type="physical transform" ])
+</pre>
+<p>The following description expresses that activity  <span class="name">a</span>, 
+using the entity <span class="name">e1</span> according to usage <span class="name">u1</span>,
+ derived the
+entity <span class="name">e2</span> and generated it according to generation
+ <span class="name">g2</span>. It is followed by descriptions for generation <span class="name">g2</span> and usage <span class="name">u1</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+wasGeneratedBy(g2; e2, a, -)
+used(u1; a, e1, -)
+</pre>
+<p>With such a comprehensive description of derivation, a program that analyzes provenance can identify the activity underpinning the derivation, it can identify how the <span class="delete">original</span><span class="insert">preceding</span> entity <span class="name">e1</span> was used by  the activity (e.g. for instance, which argument it was passed as, if the activity is the result of a function invocation), and which output the derived entity <span class="name">e2</span> was obtained from (say, for a function returning multiple results).</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-revision" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.2.2 </span>Revision</h4>
+
+<p><span class="glossary-ref">   A <dfn id="concept-revision" class="internalDFN">revision</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-revision"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>   is a derivation for which the resulting entity is a revised version of some original. </span></p>
+
+
+<p>
+  The implication here is that
+     the resulting entity contains substantial content from the
+     original.
+<span class="delete">Revision</span><span class="insert">A </span><dfn id="dfn-revision" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">revision</span></dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-revision"><span class="diamond"><span class="insert"> ◊</span></span></a></sup><span class="insert"> relation</span> is a <span class="delete">particular case</span><span class="insert">kind</span> of <a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">derivation</a> <span class="delete">of an</span><span class="insert">relation from a revised</span> entity <span class="delete">into its revised version.</span><span class="insert">to a preceding  entity.</span>
+The type <span class="delete">is </span>of a revision <span class="delete">derivation</span><span class="insert">relation</span> is denoted by:
+<dfn title="dfn-prov:revision" id="dfn-prov:revision" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:Revision</span></dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-prov:revision"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>.
+<span class="insert">PROV defines no revision-specific attributes.
+</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-revision"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">30</span><span class="insert">31</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-revision"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+Revisiting the example of <a href="#section-example-two">Section 4.2</a>,
+we can now state that the report 
+ <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> was a revision of 
+ the report <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</span>.
+</p><pre class="codeexample">entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type='rec54:WD'  ])
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, [ prov:type='rec54:WD'  ])
+wasDerivedFrom(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, 
+               tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, 
+               [ prov:type='prov:Revision' ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+</div>  
+
+<div id="term-quotation" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.2.3 </span>Quotation</h4>
+
+<p> 
+<span class="glossary-ref">   A <dfn id="concept-quotation" class="internalDFN">quotation</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-quotation"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>  is the repeat of (some or all of) an entity, such as text or image, by someone who may or may not be its original author. </span>
+</p>
+
+<p>A <dfn id="dfn-quotation" class="internalDFN">quotation</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-quotation"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> relation
+ is a <span class="delete">particular case</span><span class="insert">kind</span> of  <a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">derivation</a> <span class="delete">in</span><span class="insert">relation, for</span> which an entity <span class="delete">is</span><span class="insert">was</span> derived from <span class="delete">an original</span><span class="insert">a preceding</span> entity by copying, or "quoting", some or all of it.
+The type <span class="delete">is </span>of a quotation <span class="delete">derivation</span><span class="insert">relation</span> is denoted by:
+<dfn title="dfn-prov:quotation" id="dfn-prov:quotation" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:Quotation</span></dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-prov:quotation"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>.<span class="insert">
+PROV defines no quotation-specific attributes.</span>
+</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-quotation"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">31</span><span class="insert">32</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-quotation"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+The following paragraph is a quote from one of  <a href="http://thinklinks.wordpress.com/2012/03/07/thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/">the author's blogs</a>.
+</p><blockquote id="bl-dagstuhl"><em>
+"During the workshop, it became clear to me that the consensus based models (which are often graphical in nature) can not only be formalized but also be directly connected to these database focused formalizations. I just needed to get over the differences in syntax.  This could imply that we could have nice way to trace provenance across systems and through databases and be able to understand the mathematical properties of this interconnection."</em>
+</blockquote>
+<p>If <a href="http://thinklinks.wordpress.com/2012/03/07/thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/"><span class="name">wp:thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/</span></a> denotes the original blog by agent <span class="name">ex:Paul</span>, and 
+ <a href="#bl-dagstuhl"><span class="name">dm:bl-dagstuhl</span></a> denotes the above paragraph, then the following descriptions express that the above paragraph was copied by agent <span class="name">ex:Luc</span> from a part of the blog, attributed to the agent <span class="name">ex:Paul</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(wp:thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/)
+entity(dm:bl-dagstuhl)
+agent(ex:Luc)
+agent(ex:Paul)
+wasDerivedFrom(dm:bl-dagstuhl,
+               wp:thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/,
+               [ prov:type='prov:Quotation' ])
+wasAttributedTo(dm:bl-dagstuhl, ex:Luc)
+wasAttributedTo(wp:thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/, ex:Paul)
+</pre>
+
+</div>
+
+
+</div>  
+
+
+<div id="term-primary-source" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.2.4 </span>Primary Source</h4>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">   A <dfn id="concept-primary-source" class="internalDFN">primary source</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-primary-source"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>  for a topic refers to something produced by some agent with direct experience and knowledge about the topic, at the time of the topic's study, without benefit from hindsight. </span>
+</p>
+
+<p>Because of the directness
+of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_source">primary
+sources</a>, they "speak for themselves" in ways that cannot be
+captured through the filter of secondary sources. As such, it is
+important for secondary sources to reference those primary sources
+from which they were derived, so that their reliability can be
+investigated.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<p><span class="insert">It is also important to note that a given entity might be a primary source for one entity but not another. It the reason why Primary Source is defined as a relation as opposed to a subtype of Entity.</span></p>
+
+<p>A <dfn id="dfn-primary-source" class="internalDFN">primary source</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-primary-source"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> relation is a <span class="delete">particular case of</span><span class="insert">kind of a</span> <a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">derivation</a> <span class="delete">of</span><span class="insert">relation from</span>
+secondary materials <span class="delete">from</span><span class="insert">to</span> their primary sources. It is recognized that
+the determination of primary sources can be up to interpretation, and
+should be done according to conventions accepted within the
+application's domain. 
+The type <span class="delete">is </span>of a  primary source <span class="delete">derivation</span><span class="insert">relation</span> is denoted by:
+<dfn title="dfn-prov:primary-source" id="dfn-prov:primary-source" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:PrimarySource</span></dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-prov:primary-source"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>.<span class="insert">
+PROV defines no attributes specific to primary source.</span>
+</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-primary-source1"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">32</span><span class="insert">33</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-primary-source1"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+Let us consider Charles Joseph Minard's flow map of Napoleon's March in
+1812, which was published in 1869. Although the map is not a primary source,
+Minard probably used the journal of Pierre-Irénée Jacob, pharmacist
+to Napoleon's army during the Russian campaign. This primary source relation
+can be encoded as follows.</p>
+
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(ex:la-campagne-de-Russie-1812-1813, [ prov:type="map" ])
+entity(ex:revue-d-Histoire-de-la-Pharmacie-t-XVIII, [ prov:type="journal" ])
+wasDerivedFrom(ex:la-campagne-de-Russie-1812-1813,
+               ex:revue-d-Histoire-de-la-Pharmacie-t-XVIII,
+               [ prov:type='prov:PrimarySource' ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+</div>  
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="component3" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">5.3 </span>Component 3: Agents, Responsibility, and Influence</h3>
+
+<p>The <span class="delete">second</span><span class="insert">third</span> component of PROV-DM, depicted in  <a href="#figure-component3">Figure 7</a>, is concerned with <a title="agent" href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">agents</a> and the <span class="delete">notions of
+</span><span class="insert">relations WasAttributedTo
+(</span><a href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">Attribution</a><span class="delete">, </span><span class="insert">), WasAssociatedWith (</span><a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">Association</a><span class="delete">, </span><span class="insert">), ActedOnBehalfOf (</span><a href="#concept-delegation" class="internalDFN">Delegation</a><span class="delete">,</span><span class="insert">),</span> relating agents to entities, activities, and agents, respectively.
+ Core structures are displayed in the yellow area and include three classes and three binary associations. Outside the yellow area, extended structures comprise UML association classes to express expanded n-ary relations, and subclasses <a href="#concept-plan" class="internalDFN">Plan</a>, <a href="#concept-person" class="internalDFN">Person</a>, <a title="software-agent" href="#concept-software-agent" class="internalDFN">SofwareAgent</a>, and <a href="#concept-organization" class="internalDFN">Organization</a>. The subclasses are marked by the UML stereotype "prov:type" to indicate that that these are valid values for the attribute <a href="#term-attribute-type">prov:type</a><span class="insert">.</span>
+</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<span class="figure" style="max-width: 95%; ">
+<img src="uml/component3.png" alt="agents and responsibilities"><br>
+<span class="figcaption" id="figure-component3">Figure 7<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#figure-component3"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> Agents and Responsibility Overview<span class="insert"> (Informative)</span></span> 
+</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Component 3 further defines a general notion of <a href="#concept-influence" class="internalDFN">influence</a>, <span class="delete">as </span>a <span class="delete">super-relation of</span><span class="insert">relation implied by</span> all relations defined so far. <a href="#figure-component3b">Figure 8</a> displays one new association class, generalizing previously introduced associations.</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<span class="figure" style="max-width: 95%; ">
+<img src="uml/Component3b.png" alt="Influence Overview"><br>
+<span class="figcaption" id="figure-component3b">Figure 8<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#figure-component3b"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> Influence<span class="insert"> Overview (Informative)</span></span> 
+</span>
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-agent" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.3.1 </span>Agent</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref">   An <dfn id="concept-agent" class="internalDFN">agent</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-agent"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is something that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place, for the existence of an entity, or for another agent's activity. </div>
+
+<p><span class="insert">An agent may be a particular type of entity or activity. This means that the model can be
+ used to express provenance of the agents themselves.  </span></p>
+
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-agent">An <dfn title="dfn-agent" id="dfn-agent" class="internalDFN">agent</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-agent"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-agent">agent(id, [attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="agent.id">id</span>: an identifier for an agent;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="agent.attributes">attributes</span>: a set of attribute-value pairs ((<span class="name">attr1</span>, <span class="name">val1</span>), ...) representing additional information about this agent.
+</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+
+<p>
+
+It is useful to define some basic categories of agents from an interoperability perspective.
+There are three types of agents that are common across most anticipated domains of use; it is acknowledged that these types do not cover all kinds of agent. </p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="name">SoftwareAgent</span>
+<div class="glossary-ref">   A <dfn id="concept-software-agent" title="software-agent" class="internalDFN">software agent</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-software-agent"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>  is running software. </div>
+
+<p></p></li>
+
+<li><span class="name">Organization</span>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref">   Agents of type <dfn id="concept-organization" class="internalDFN">Organization</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-organization"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>  are social or legal institutions such as companies, societies, etc. </div>
+
+<p></p></li>
+
+<li><span class="name">Person</span>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref">   Agents of type <dfn id="concept-person" title="person" class="internalDFN">Person</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-person"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>  are people. </div></li> 
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<p><span class="insert">PROV defines no attributes specific to SoftwareAgent, Organization, and Person.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_34"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">33</span><span class="insert">34</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_34"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>The following expression is about an agent identified by <span class="name">e1</span>, which is a person, named Alice, with employee number 1234.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">agent(e1, [ex:employee="1234", ex:name="Alice", prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+</pre>
+<p>It is optional to specify the type of an agent. When present, it is expressed using the <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute.</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-attribution" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.3.2 </span>Attribution</h4> 
+
+<div class="glossary-ref">   <dfn id="concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">Attribution</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-attribution"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is the ascribing of an entity to an agent. </div>
+
+<p>When an entity  <span class="name">e</span> is attributed to agent  <span class="name">ag</span>, entity <span class="name">e</span> was generated by some unspecified activity that in turn was associated to agent  <span class="name">ag</span>. Thus, this relation is useful when the activity is not known, or irrelevant.</p>
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-attribution">An <dfn title="wasAttributedTo" id="dfn-wasattributedto" class="internalDFN">attribution</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasattributedto"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasAttributedTo(id; e, ag, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="attribution.id">id</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier for the relation;</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="attribution.entity">entity</span>: an entity identifier (<span class="name">e</span>);</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="attribution.agent">agent</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">ag</span>) of the agent whom the entity is ascribed to, and therefore bears some responsibility for its existence;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="attribution.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this attribution.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-attribution"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">34</span><span class="insert">35</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-attribution"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+Revisiting the example of 
+<a class="section-ref" href="#section-example-one"><span>Section 4.1</span></a>,
+we can ascribe <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> to some agents without an explicit activity.<span class="delete"> The reserved attribute </span><span class="delete">role</span><span class="delete"> (see </span><span class="delete">Section 5.7.2.3</span><span class="delete">) allows for role of the agent in the attribution to be specified.
+</span> 
+</p><pre class="codeexample">agent(ex:Paolo, [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+agent(ex:Simon, [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type='rec54:WD' ])
+wasAttributedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:Paolo, [ prov:type="editorship" ])
+wasAttributedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:Simon, [ prov:type="authorship" ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</div>  
+
+
+<div id="term-Association" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.3.3 </span>Association</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref">   An activity <dfn id="concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">association</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-activityAssociation"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is an assignment of responsibility to an agent for an activity, indicating that the agent had a role in the activity. It further allows for a plan to be specified, which is the plan intended by the agent to achieve some goals in the context of this activity. </div>
+
+<p></p>
+<div class="glossary-ref">   A <dfn id="concept-plan" class="internalDFN">plan</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-plan"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is an entity that represents a set of actions or steps intended by one or more agents to achieve some goals.  </div>
+
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-activity-association">An <dfn title="wasAssociatedWith" id="dfn-wasassociatedwith" class="internalDFN">activity association</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasassociatedwith"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasAssociatedWith(id; a, ag, pl, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="association.id">id</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier for the association between an activity and an agent;</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="association.activity">activity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) for the activity;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="association.agent">agent</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">ag</span>) for the agent associated with the activity;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="association.plan">plan</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">pl</span>) for the plan<span class="delete"> adopted by </span>  the agent<span class="insert"> relied on</span> in the context of this activity;
+</li><li><span class="attribute" id="association.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this association of this activity with this agent.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+<p>While each of <a href="#association.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="#association.agent"><span class="attribute">agent</span></a>,  <a href="#association.plan"><span class="attribute">plan</span></a>, and  <a href="#association.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> is <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em>, at least one of them <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="insert">PROV defines no plan-specific attributes.</span></p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-wasAssociatedWith"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">35</span><span class="insert">36</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-wasAssociatedWith"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>In the following example, a designer agent and an operator agent are associated with an activity. The designer's goals are achieved by a workflow <span class="name">ex:wf</span>, described as an <span class="delete">an </span>entity of type <span class="name"><a href="#concept-plan" class="internalDFN">plan</a></span>.   </p>
+<pre class="codeexample">activity(ex:a, [ prov:type="workflow execution" ])
+agent(ex:ag1,  [ prov:type="operator" ])
+agent(ex:ag2,  [ prov:type="designer" ])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a, ex:ag1, -,     [ prov:role="loggedInUser", ex:how="webapp" ])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a, ex:ag2, ex:wf, [ prov:role="designer", ex:context="project1" ])
+entity(ex:wf, [ prov:type='prov:Plan' , 
+                ex:label="Workflow 1", 
+                prov:location="http://example.org/workflow1.bpel" %% xsd:anyURI ])
+</pre>
+Since the workflow <span class="name">ex:wf</span> is itself an entity, its provenance can also be expressed in <span class="delete">PROV-DM:</span><span class="insert">PROV:</span> it can be generated by some activity and derived from other entities,
+for instance.
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-wasAssociatedWith-2"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">36</span><span class="insert">37</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-wasAssociatedWith-2"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>In some cases, one wants to indicate a plan was followed, without having to specify which agent was involved.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">activity(ex:a, [ prov:type="workflow execution" ])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a, -, ex:wf)
+entity(ex:wf, [ prov:type='prov:Plan', 
+                ex:label="Workflow 1", 
+                ex:url="http://example.org/workflow1.bpel" %% xsd:anyURI])
+</pre>
+In this case, it is assumed that an agent exists, but it has not been specified.
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</div>  
+
+<div id="term-delegation" class="section">
+
+<h4><span class="secno">5.3.4 </span>Delegation</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref">   <dfn id="concept-delegation" class="internalDFN">Delegation</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-delegation"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is the assignment of authority and responsibility to an agent (by itself or by another agent)  to carry out a specific activity as a delegate or representative, while the agent it acts on behalf of retains some responsibility for the outcome of the delegated work. </div>
+
+<p>For example, a
+student acted on behalf of his <span class="insert">or her </span>supervisor, who acted on behalf of the
+department chair, who acted on behalf of the university; all those
+agents are responsible in some way for the activity that took place but
+we do not say explicitly who bears responsibility and to what
+degree. </p>
+
+
+<p>
+</p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-delegation">
+A <dfn title="actedOnBehalfOf" id="dfn-actedonbehalfof" class="internalDFN">delegation</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-actedonbehalfof"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> link<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">actedOnBehalfOf(id; ag2, ag1, a, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="delegation.id">id</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier for the delegation link between delegate and responsible;</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="delegation.delegate">delegate</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">ag2</span>) for the agent associated with an activity, acting on behalf of the responsible
+agent;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="delegation.responsible">responsible</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">ag1</span>) for the agent,  on behalf of which the delegate agent acted;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="delegation.activity">activity</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) of an activity for which the delegation link holds;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="delegation.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this delegation link.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_38"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">37</span><span class="insert">38</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_38"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>The following fragment describes three agents: a programmer, a researcher, and a funder.  The programmer and researcher are associated with a workflow activity.  The programmer acts on behalf
+of the researcher (line-management) encoding the commands specified by the researcher; the researcher acts on behalf of the funder, who has a contractual agreement with the researcher. The terms
+'line-management' and 'contract' used in this example are domain specific.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">activity(a,[ prov:type="workflow" ])
+agent(ag1, [ prov:type="programmer" ])
+agent(ag2, [ prov:type="researcher" ])
+agent(ag3, [ prov:type="funder" ])
+wasAssociatedWith(a, ag1, [ prov:role="loggedInUser" ])
+wasAssociatedWith(a, ag2)
+wasAssociatedWith(a, ag3)
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag1, ag2, a, [ prov:type="line-management" ])
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag2, ag3, a, [ prov:type="contract" ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-influence" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.3.5 </span>Influence</h4>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">   <dfn id="concept-influence" class="internalDFN">Influence</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-influence"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is the capacity of an entity, activity, or agent to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of another by means of usage, start, end, generation, invalidation, communication, derivation, attribution, association, or delegation. </span>
+</p>
+
+
+<p> An influence relation between two objects <span class="name">o2</span> and  <span class="name">o1</span> is a generic dependency of <span class="name">o2</span>
+on  <span class="name">o1</span> that signifies some form of influence of <span class="name">o1</span> on <span class="name">o2</span>.</p>
+
+
+<p>
+</p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-influence">
+A <dfn title="wasInfluencedBy" id="dfn-wasinfluencedby" class="internalDFN">Influence</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-wasinfluencedby"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasInfluencedBy(id; o2, o1, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="influence.id">id</span>:  an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier identifying the relation;</li> 
+<li><span class="attribute" id="influence.influencee">influencee</span>:  an identifier (<span class="name">o2</span>) for an entity, activity, or agent;
+</li><li><span class="attribute" id="influence.influencer">influencer</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">o1</span>) for an ancestor entity, activity, or agent that the former depends on;
+</li><li><span class="attribute" id="influence.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this relation.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+<p>
+<a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>, <a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">start</a>, <a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">end</a>, <a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">generation</a>, <a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">invalidation</a>, <a href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN">communication</a>, <a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">derivation</a>, <a href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">attribution</a>, <a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">association</a>, and <a href="#concept-delegation" class="internalDFN">delegation</a> are <span class="delete">particular cases of  influence.</span><span class="insert">also </span><a href="#concept-influence" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">influence</span></a><span class="insert">.</span> It is <em class="rfc2119" title="recommended">recommended</em> to adopt these more specific relations when writing provenance descriptions. It is anticipated that the <a href="#concept-influence" class="internalDFN">Influence</a> relation may be useful to express queries over provenance information.
+</p>
+
+
+<div id="mapping-relations-to-influence-table_text" style="text-align: left;"><span class="insert">
+The following table establishes the correspondence between 
+the attributes </span><a class="attribute" href="#influence.influencee"><span class="insert">influencee</span></a><span class="insert"> and </span><a class="attribute" href="#influence.influencer"><span class="insert">influencer</span></a><span class="insert">, and attributes of
+</span><a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">usage</span></a><span class="insert">, </span><a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">start</span></a><span class="insert">, </span><a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">end</span></a><span class="insert">, </span><a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">generation</span></a><span class="insert">, </span><a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">invalidation</span></a><span class="insert">, </span><a href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">communication</span></a><span class="insert">, </span><a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">derivation</span></a><span class="insert">, </span><a href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">attribution</span></a><span class="insert">, </span><a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">association</span></a><span class="insert">, and </span><a href="#concept-delegation" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">delegation</span></a><span class="insert">.</span>
+
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="mapping-relations-to-influence-table"><span><span class="insert">Table 7</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#mapping-relations-to-influence-table"><span class="diamond"><span class="insert"> ◊:</span></span></a></sup> </span><span class="insert">Mapping Relations to Influence</span></caption> 
+<tbody><tr><td><a><b><span class="insert">Relation Name</span></b></a></td><td><b><a class="attribute" href="#influence.influencee"><span class="insert">influencee</span></a></b></td><td><b><a class="attribute" href="#influence.influencer"><span class="insert">influencer</span></a></b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Generation</span></a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#generation.entity"><span class="insert">entity</span></a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#generation.activity"><span class="insert">activity</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Usage</span></a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#usage.activity"><span class="insert">activity</span></a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#usage.entity"><span class="insert">entity</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Communication</span></a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#communication.informed"><span class="insert">informed</span></a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#communication.informant"><span class="insert">informant</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Start</span></a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#start.activity"><span class="insert">activity</span></a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#start.trigger"><span class="insert">trigger</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">End</span></a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#end.activity"><span class="insert">activity</span></a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#end.trigger"><span class="insert">trigger</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Invalidation</span></a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#invalidation.entity"><span class="insert">entity</span></a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#invalidation.activity"><span class="insert">activity</span></a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+<tr class="component2-color"><td><a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Derivation</span></a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#derivation.generatedEntity"><span class="insert">generatedEntity</span></a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#derivation.usedEntity"><span class="insert">usedEntity</span></a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr class="component3-color"><td><a href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Attribution</span></a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#attribution.entity"><span class="insert">entity</span></a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#attribution.agent"><span class="insert">agent</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td><a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Association</span></a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#association.activity"><span class="insert">activity</span></a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#association.agent"><span class="insert">agent</span></a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td><a href="#concept-delegation" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Delegation</span></a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#delegation.delegate"><span class="insert">delegate</span></a></td><td><a class="attribute" href="#delegation.responsible"><span class="insert">responsible</span></a></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="influence-example"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">38</span><span class="insert">39</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#influence-example"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>We refer to the example of <a class="section-ref" href="#section-example-two"><span>Section 4.2</span></a>, and specifically to <a href="#prov-a-document2-top">Figure 3</a>.
+We could have expressed that the influence of
+<span class="name">w3:Consortium</span> 
+on <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>.
+</p><pre class="codeexample"> wasInfluencedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, w3:Consortium)
+</pre>
+Instead, it is recommended to express the more specific description:
+<pre class="codeexample"> wasAttributedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, w3:Consortium)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div id="component4" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">5.4 </span>Component 4: Bundles</h3>
+
+
+<p>The fourth component of PROV-DM is concerned with bundles, a mechanism to support provenance of provenance. 
+<a href="#figure-component4">Figure 9</a>  depicts a UML class diagram for the fourth component.  It comprises a <a href="#concept-bundle" class="internalDFN">Bundle</a> class defined as a subclass of <a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a>.
+</p>
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<span class="figure" style="max-width: 95%; ">
+
+<img src="uml/component4.png" alt="bundles"><br>
+<span class="figcaption" id="figure-component4">Figure 9<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#figure-component4"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> <span class="delete">Figure 9: </span>Bundle Component Overview<span class="insert"> (Informative)</span></span>
+</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div id="term-bundle" class="section"> 
+
+<h4><span class="secno">5.4.1 </span>Bundle constructor</h4>
+
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">
+ A <dfn id="concept-bundle" class="internalDFN">bundle</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-bundle"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is a named set of provenance descriptions, and is itself an entity, so allowing provenance of provenance to be expressed.  </span>
+ </p>
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+</p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-bundle">
+ A <dfn title="dfn-bundle" id="dfn-bundle-constructor" class="internalDFN">bundle constructor</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-bundle-constructor"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>  allows the content and the name of a bundle to be specified; it is written <span class="pnExpression">bundle id description_1 ... description_n endBundle</span> and consists of:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="bundle.constructor.id">id</span>:  an identifier for the bundle;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="bundle.constructor.descriptions">descriptions</span>: a set of provenance descriptions <span class="name">
+description_1</span>, ..., <span class="name">description_n</span>.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>A bundle's identifier <span class="name">id</span> identifies a unique set of descriptions.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>There may be other kinds of bundles not directly expressible by this constructor, such as provenance descriptions handwritten on a letter or a whiteboard, etc.  Whatever the means by which bundles are expressed, all can be described, as in the following section.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div id="term-bundle-entity" class="section"> 
+
+<h4><span class="secno">5.4.2 </span>Bundle Type</h4>
+
+<p>A  bundle is a named set of descriptions, but it is also an entity so that its provenance can be described.  </p>
+
+<p>PROV defines the following type for bundles:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="name">prov:Bundle</span> is the type that denotes <a title="bundle" href="#concept-bundle" class="internalDFN">bundles</a>.
+</li></ul>
+<p><span class="insert">PROV defines no bundle-specific attributes.</span></p>
+
+
+<p>
+A  bundle description is of the form <span class="pnExpression"><span class="delete">entity(id,[prov:type='prov:Bundle',</span><span class="insert">entity(id, [ prov:type='prov:Bundle',</span> attr1=val1, <span class="delete">...])</span><span class="insert">...] )</span></span>
+where <span class="name">id</span> is  an identifier denoting a bundle,
+ a type <span>prov:Bundle</span> and
+an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set of attribute-value  pairs ((<span class="name">attr1</span>, <span class="name">val1</span>), ...) representing additional information about this bundle.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>The provenance of provenance can then be described using PROV constructs, as illustrated by
+<a href="#anexample-provenance-of-provenance" class="anexample-ref"><span>Example <span class="delete">39</span><span class="insert">40</span></span></a>
+and
+<a href="#anexample-provenance-aggregation" class="anexample-ref"><span>Example <span class="delete">40</span><span class="insert">41</span></span></a>.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-provenance-of-provenance"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">39</span><span class="insert">40</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-provenance-of-provenance"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>Let us consider two entities <span class="name">ex:report1</span> and <span class="name">ex:report2</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> 
+entity(ex:report1, [ prov:type="report", ex:version=1 ])
+wasGeneratedBy(ex:report1, -, 2012-05-24T10:00:01)
+entity(ex:report2, [ prov:type="report", ex:version=2])
+wasGeneratedBy(ex:report2, -, 2012-05-25T11:00:01)
+wasDerivedFrom(ex:report2, ex:report1)
+</pre>
+
+<p>Let us assume that Bob observed the creation of <span class="name">ex:report1</span>.
+A first bundle can be expressed.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> 
+bundle bob:bundle1
+  entity(ex:report1, [ prov:type="report", ex:version=1 ])
+  wasGeneratedBy(ex:report1, -, 2012-05-24T10:00:01)
+endBundle
+</pre>
+
+<p>In contrast,
+Alice observed the creation of <span class="name">ex:report2</span> and its derivation from <span class="name">ex:report1</span>.
+A separate bundle can also be expressed.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> 
+bundle alice:bundle2
+  entity(ex:report1)
+  entity(ex:report2, [ prov:type="report", ex:version=2 ])
+  wasGeneratedBy(ex:report2, -, 2012-05-25T11:00:01)
+  wasDerivedFrom(ex:report2, ex:report1)
+endBundle
+</pre>
+
+<p>The first bundle contains the descriptions corresponding to  Bob observing the creation of <span class="name">ex:report1</span>. Its provenance can be described as follows.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> 
+entity(bob:bundle1, <span class="delete">[prov:type='prov:Bundle'])</span><span class="insert">[ prov:type='prov:Bundle' ])</span>
+wasGeneratedBy(bob:bundle1, -, 2012-05-24T10:30:00)
+wasAttributedTo(bob:bundle1, ex:Bob)
+</pre>
+
+<p>In contrast, the second bundle is attributed to Alice who
+observed the derivation of <span class="name">ex:report2</span> from <span class="name">ex:report1</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> 
+entity(alice:bundle2, [ prov:type='prov:Bundle' ])
+wasGeneratedBy(alice:bundle2, -, 2012-05-25T11:15:00)
+wasAttributedTo(alice:bundle2, ex:Alice)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-provenance-aggregation"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">40</span><span class="insert">41</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-provenance-aggregation"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>A provenance aggregator could merge two bundles, resulting in a novel bundle, whose provenance is described as follows.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> 
+bundle agg:bundle3
+  entity(ex:report1, [ prov:type="report", ex:version=1 ])
+  wasGeneratedBy(ex:report1, -, 2012-05-24T10:00:01)
+
+  entity(ex:report2, [ prov:type="report", ex:version=2 ])
+  wasGeneratedBy(ex:report2, -, 2012-05-25T11:00:01)
+  wasDerivedFrom(ex:report2, ex:report1)
+endBundle
+
+entity(agg:bundle3, [ prov:type='prov:Bundle' ])
+agent(ex:aggregator01, [ prov:type='ex:Aggregator' ])
+wasAttributedTo(agg:bundle3, ex:aggregator01)
+wasDerivedFrom(agg:bundle3, bob:bundle1)
+wasDerivedFrom(agg:bundle3, alice:bundle2)
+</pre>
+<p>The new bundle is given a new identifier <span class="name">agg:bundle3</span> and is attributed to the <span class="name">ex:aggregator01</span> agent.
+</p></div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</div> 
+
+
+<div id="component5" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">5.5 </span>Component 5: Alternate Entities</h3>
+
+
+<p>The fifth component of PROV-DM is concerned with
+relations <span class="insert">SpecializationOf (</span><a href="#concept-specialization" class="internalDFN">specialization</a><span class="delete">, </span><span class="insert">) and AlternateOf (</span><a href="#concept-alternate" class="internalDFN">alternate</a><span class="delete">, and </span><span class="delete">mention</span><span class="insert">)</span> between entities.
+ <a href="#figure-component5">Figure 10</a> depicts
+the fifth component with a single <span class="delete">class,</span><span class="insert">class and</span>  two binary <span class="delete">associations, and a ternary association.</span><span class="insert">associations.</span>
+</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<span class="figure" style="max-width: 95%; ">
+<img src="uml/component5.png" alt="alternates"><br>
+<span class="figcaption" id="figure-component5">Figure 10<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#figure-component5"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> <span class="delete">Figure 10: </span>Alternates Component Overview<span class="insert"> (Informative)</span></span>
+</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Two provenance descriptions about the same thing may emphasize differents aspects of that thing.</p>
+<div class="anexample" id="entity-example1"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">41</span><span class="insert">42</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#entity-example1"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>User Alice writes an article. In its provenance, she wishes to refer to the precise version of the article with a date-specific IRI, as she might edit the article later. Alternatively, user Bob refers to the article in general, independently of its variants over time.</p>
+</div>
+<p>
+The PROV data model introduces relations, called <span class="delete">specialization, alternate,</span><span class="insert">specialization</span> and <span class="delete">mention</span><span class="insert">alternate</span>
+that allow entities  to be linked together. They are defined as follows. </p>
+
+
+<div id="term-specialization" class="section">
+
+<h4><span class="secno">5.5.1 </span>Specialization</h4>
+
+
+<span class="glossary-ref">   An entity that is a <dfn id="concept-specialization" class="internalDFN">specialization</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-specialization"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> of another shares all aspects of the latter, and additionally presents more specific aspects of the same thing as the latter. In particular, the lifetime of the entity being specialized  contains that of any specialization. </span> 
+
+
+<p>
+Examples of aspects include a time period, an abstraction, and a context associated with the entity.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+</p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-specialization">A <dfn title="specializationOf" id="dfn-specializationof" class="internalDFN">specialization</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-specializationof"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>  relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">specializationOf(infra, supra)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="specialization.specificEntity">specificEntity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">infra</span>)
+of the entity that is a specialization of the general entity (<span class="name">supra</span>);</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="specialization.generalEntity">generalEntity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">supra</span>) of the entity that is being specialized.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<p><span class="insert">Specialization is not  defined as Influence, and therefore does not have an id and attributes.</span></p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-specialization"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">42</span><span class="insert">43</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-specialization"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+The BBC news home page on 2012-03-23 <span class="name">ex:bbcNews2012-03-23</span>
+is a specialization of the BBC news page in general
+ <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/">bbc:news/</a>. This can be expressed as follows.
+</p><pre class="codeexample">specializationOf(ex:bbcNews2012-03-23, bbc:news/)
+</pre>
+We have created a new qualified name,  <span class="name">ex:bbcNews2012-03-23</span>, in the namespace <span class="name">ex</span>, to identify the specific page carrying this day's news, which would otherwise be the generic  <span class="name">bbc:news/</span> page.
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-alternate" class="section">
+
+<h4><span class="secno">5.5.2 </span>Alternate</h4>
+
+
+<span class="glossary-ref">   Two <dfn id="concept-alternate" class="internalDFN">alternate</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-alternate"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> entities present aspects of the same thing. These aspects may be the same or different, and the alternate entities may or may not overlap in time.  </span>
+
+
+  
+
+
+
+
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-alternate">An <dfn title="alternateOf" id="dfn-alternateof" class="internalDFN">alternate</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-alternateof"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">alternateOf(e1, e2)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="alternate.alternate1">alternate1</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e1</span>) of the first of the two entities;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="alternate.alternate2">alternate2</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e2</span>) of the second of the two entities.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="insert">Alternate is not  defined as Influence, and therefore does not have an id and attributes.</span></p>  
+
+<p><span class="insert">
+Note that </span><a title="alternateOf" href="#dfn-alternateof" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">alternateOf</span></a><span class="insert"> is a necessarily very general
+relationship that, in reasoning, only states that the two
+alternate entities respectively fix some aspects of some common thing
+(possibly evolving over time), and so there is some relevant
+connection between the provenance of the alternates. In a
+specific application context, </span><a title="alternateOf" href="#dfn-alternateof" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">alternateOf</span></a><span class="insert">, or a subtype of it,
+could allow more inferences.
+</span></p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-alternate"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">43</span><span class="insert">44</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-alternate"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+A given news item on the BBC News site 
+ <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17526723">bbc:news/science-environment-17526723</a> for desktop
+is an alternate of a 
+ <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/mobile/science-environment-17526723">bbc:news/mobile/science-environment-17526723</a> for mobile devices.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(bbc:news/science-environment-17526723, 
+       [ prov:type="a news item for desktop"])
+entity(bbc:news/mobile/science-environment-17526723, 
+       [ prov:type="a news item for mobile devices"])
+alternateOf(bbc:news/science-environment-17526723, 
+            bbc:news/mobile/science-environment-17526723)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-alternate2"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">44</span><span class="insert">45</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-alternate2"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+Considering again the two versions of the technical report <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> (second working draft) and <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span> (first working draft). They are alternate of each other.
+</p><pre class="codeexample">entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018)
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215)
+<span class="delete">alternateOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018,tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215)</span><span class="insert">alternateOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215)</span>
+</pre>
+<p>They are both specialization of the page <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">5.5.3 </span><span class="delete">Mention</span>
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">This feature is "</span><span class="delete">at risk</span><span class="delete">" and may be removed from this specification based on feedback. Please send feedback to public-prov-comments@w3.org.</span>
+<span class="delete">The "Mention" construct might be removed from PROV if implementation experience reveals problems with supporting this construct.</span>
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">An entity </span><span class="delete">e1</span><span class="delete"> may be mentioned in a bundle </span><span class="delete">b</span><span class="delete">, which contains some
+ descriptions about this entity </span><span class="delete">e1</span><span class="delete">: how </span><span class="delete">e1</span><span class="delete"> was generated and used, which activities </span><span class="delete">e1</span><span class="delete"> is involved with, the agents </span><span class="delete">e1</span><span class="delete"> is attributed to, etc. Other bundles may contain other descriptions about the same entity </span><span class="delete">e1</span><span class="delete">.
+Some applications may want to interpret
+this entity </span><span class="delete">e1</span><span class="delete"> with respect to the descriptions found in the bundle </span><span class="delete">b</span><span class="delete"> it occurs in. To this end, PROV allows a new entity </span><span class="delete">e2</span><span class="delete"> to be created, which is a specialization of the original entity </span><span class="delete">e1</span><span class="delete">, and which presents an additional aspect:  the bundle </span><span class="delete">b</span><span class="delete"> containing some descriptions of </span><span class="delete">e1</span><span class="delete">.  With this relation, applications that process </span><span class="delete">e2</span><span class="delete">
+can know that the attributes of </span><span class="delete">e2</span><span class="delete"> may have been computed according to the descriptions of </span><span class="delete">e1</span><span class="delete"> in </span><span class="delete">b</span><span class="delete">.</span>
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">Thus, the following notion is a relation between two entities with regard to a bundle.
+It is a special case of specialization.</span> 
+
+
+<span class="delete">   The </span><span class="delete">mention</span><span class="delete"> ◊</span><span class="delete"> of an entity in a bundle (containing a description of this entity) is another entity that is a specialization of the former and that presents the bundle as a further additional aspect. </span>
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">
+An entity is interpreted with respect to a bundle's description in a
+domain specific manner.  The mention of this entity with respect to
+this bundle offers the opportunity to specialize it according to some
+domain-specific interpretation.
+</span>
+
+
+<span class="delete">A mention of an entity in a bundle results in a specialization of this entity with extra fixed aspects, including the  bundle that it is described in. 
+</span>
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">A </span><span class="delete">mention</span><span class="delete"> ◊</span><span class="delete">  relation</span><span class="delete">, written </span><span class="delete">mentionOf(infra, supra, b)</span><span class="delete"> in PROV-N,</span><span class="delete"> has:
+</span>
+<span class="delete">specificEntity</span><span class="delete">: an identifier (</span><span class="delete">infra</span><span class="delete">)
+of the entity that is a mention of the general entity (</span><span class="delete">supra</span><span class="delete">);</span>
+<span class="delete">generalEntity</span><span class="delete">: an identifier (</span><span class="delete">supra</span><span class="delete">) of the entity that is being mentioned.</span>
+<span class="delete">bundle</span><span class="delete">: an identifier (</span><span class="delete">b</span><span class="delete">) of a bundle that contains a description of </span><span class="delete">supra</span><span class="delete"> and further constitutes one additional aspect presented by </span><span class="delete">infra</span><span class="delete">.</span>
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">Example 45</span><span class="delete"> ◊</span>
+<span class="delete">This example is concerned with a performance rating tool that reads and processes provenance to determine the performance of agents.  To keep the example simple, an agent's performance is determined by the duration of the activities it is associated with. </span>
+<span class="delete">As an illustration, we consider that two bundles </span><span class="delete">ex:run1</span><span class="delete"> and </span><span class="delete">ex:run2</span><span class="delete"> refer to an agent </span><span class="delete">ex:Bob</span><span class="delete"> that controlled two activities </span><span class="delete">ex:a1</span><span class="delete"> and </span><span class="delete">ex:a2</span><span class="delete">. </span>
+
+<span class="delete">bundle ex:run1
+    activity(ex:a1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, 2011-11-16T17:00:00)  //duration: 1hour
+    wasAssociatedWith(ex:a1, ex:Bob, [prov:role="controller"])
+endBundle
+
+bundle ex:run2
+    activity(ex:a2, 2011-11-17T10:00:00, 2011-11-17T17:00:00)  //duration: 7hours
+    wasAssociatedWith(ex:a2, ex:Bob, [prov:role="controller"])
+endBundle
+</span> 
+<span class="delete">The performance rating tool reads these bundles, and rates the performance of the agent described in these bundles. The performance rating tool creates a new bundle </span><span class="delete">tool:analysis01</span><span class="delete"> containing the following. A new agent </span><span class="delete">tool:Bob-2011-11-16</span><span class="delete"> is declared as a mention of </span><span class="delete">ex:Bob</span><span class="delete"> as described in  bundle </span><span class="delete">ex:run1</span><span class="delete">, and likewise for  </span><span class="delete">tool:Bob-2011-11-17</span><span class="delete"> with respect to </span><span class="delete">ex:run2</span><span class="delete">. The tool adds a domain-specific performance attribute to each of these specialized entities as follows: the performance of the agent in the first bundle is judged to be good since the duration of </span><span class="delete">ex:a1</span><span class="delete"> is one hour, whereas it is judged to be bad in the second bundle since </span><span class="delete">ex:a2</span><span class="delete">'s duration is seven hours.
+
+</span><span class="delete">bundle tool:analysis01
+    agent(tool:Bob-2011-11-16, [perf:rating="good"])
+    mentionOf(tool:Bob-2011-11-16, ex:Bob, ex:run1)
+
+    agent(tool:Bob-2011-11-17, [perf:rating="bad"])
+    mentionOf(tool:Bob-2011-11-17, ex:Bob, ex:run2)
+endBundle
+</span>
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">Example 46</span><span class="delete"> ◊</span>
+<span class="delete">Consider the following bundle of descriptions, in which derivation and generations have been identified.
+</span><span class="delete"> 
+bundle obs:bundle1
+  entity(ex:report1, [prov:type="report", ex:version=1])
+  wasGeneratedBy(ex:g1; ex:report1,-,2012-05-24T10:00:01)
+  entity(ex:report2, [prov:type="report", ex:version=2])
+  wasGeneratedBy(ex:g2; ex:report2,-,2012-05-25T11:00:01)
+  wasDerivedFrom(ex:report2, ex:report1)
+endBundle
+entity(obs:bundle1, [ prov:type='prov:Bundle' ])
+wasAttributedTo(obs:bundle1, ex:observer01)
+</span><span class="delete">
+Bundle </span><span class="delete">obs:bundle1</span><span class="delete"> is rendered by a visualisation tool.  It may useful for the visualization layout of this bundle to be shared along with the provenance descriptions, so that other users can render provenance as it was originally rendered.  The original  bundle obviously cannot be changed. However, one can create a new bundle, as follows.
+</span><span class="delete"> 
+bundle tool:bundle2
+  entity(tool:bundle2, [ prov:type='viz:Configuration', prov:type='prov:Bundle' ])
+  wasAttributedTo(tool:bundle2, viz:Visualizer)
+
+  entity(tool:report1, [viz:color="orange"])
+  mentionOf(tool:report1, ex:report1, obs:bundle1)
+
+  entity(tool:report2, [viz:color="blue"])              
+  mentionOf(tool:report2, ex:report2, obs:bundle1)
+endBundle
+</span>
+
+<span class="delete">In bundle </span><span class="delete">tool:bundle2</span><span class="delete">, the prefix </span><span class="delete">viz</span><span class="delete"> is used for naming visualisation-specific attributes, types or values.</span>
+
+<span class="delete">Bundle </span><span class="delete">tool:bundle2</span><span class="delete"> is given type </span><span class="delete">viz:Configuration</span><span class="delete"> to indicate that it consists of descriptions that pertain to the configuration of the visualisation tool. This type attribute can be used for searching bundles containing visualization-related descriptions.
+</span>
+
+<span class="delete">The visualisation tool
+ created  new identifiers </span><span class="delete">tool:report1</span><span class="delete"> and
+</span><span class="delete">tool:report2</span><span class="delete">.
+They denote entities which are specializations of </span><span class="delete">ex:report1</span><span class="delete"> and </span><span class="delete">ex:report2</span><span class="delete">, described in bundle </span><span class="delete">obs:bundle1</span><span class="delete">, with visualization attribute for the color to be used when rendering these entities.   </span>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div id="component6" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">5.6 </span>Component 6: Collections</h3>
+
+<p>The sixth component of PROV-DM is concerned with the notion of collections. 
+A collection is an entity that has some members. The members are themselves entities, and therefore their provenance can be expressed. Some applications need to be able to express the provenance of the collection  itself: e.g. who maintains the collection (attribution), which members it contains as it evolves, and how it was assembled. The purpose of Component 6 is to define the types and relations that are useful to express the provenance of collections.  </p>
+
+<p><a href="#figure-component6">Figure 11</a> depicts
+the sixth component with two  new classes (Collection, Empty Collection) and one association (HadMember).
+</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<span class="figure" style="max-width: 95%; ">
+<img src="uml/component6.png" alt="collection"><br>
+<span class="figcaption" id="figure-component6">Figure 11<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#figure-component6"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> <span class="delete">Figure 11: </span>Collections Component Overview<span class="insert"> (Informative)</span></span>
+</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="term-collection" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.6.1 </span>Collection</h4>
+
+<span class="glossary-ref">   A <dfn id="concept-collection" class="internalDFN">collection</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-collection"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is an entity that provides a structure to some <span class="delete">constituents, which are</span><span class="insert">constituents that must</span> themselves<span class="insert"> be</span> entities. These constituents are said to be <dfn id="dfn-member-of" class="internalDFN">member of</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-member-of"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> the collections.  </span>
+
+<span class="glossary-ref">   An <dfn id="concept-empty-collection" class="internalDFN">empty collection</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-empty-collection"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is a collection without members.  </span>
+
+
+<p>PROV-DM defines the following types related to collections:</p>
+
+<ul>
+  <li> <span class="name">prov:Collection</span>  denotes an entity of type Collection, i.e. an entity that  can participate in  relations amongst collections;
+
+  </li><li><span class="name">prov:EmptyCollection</span> denotes an empty collection.
+</li></ul>
+
+
+
+<p><span class="insert">PROV defines no collection-specific attributes.</span></p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_46"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">47</span><span class="insert">46</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_46"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(c0, <span class="delete">[prov:type='prov:EmptyCollection'</span><span class="insert">[ prov:type='prov:EmptyCollection'</span> ])  // c0 is an empty collection
+entity(c1, <span class="delete">[prov:type='prov:Collection'</span><span class="insert">[ prov:type='prov:Collection'</span>  ])      // c1 is a collection, with unknown content
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-membership" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.6.2 </span>Membership</h4>
+
+<p>A <strong>membership</strong> relation is defined, to allow stating the  members of a Collection. </p>
+
+<span class="glossary-ref"> <dfn id="concept-membership" class="internalDFN">Membership</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-membership"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is the belonging of an entity  to a collection. </span>
+
+
+<p>
+</p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-hadMember">
+ A <dfn title="hadMember" id="dfn-hadmember" class="internalDFN">membership</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-hadmember"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> relation, written <span class="pnExpression">hadMember(c, e)</span>, has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="membership.collection">collection</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">c</span>) for the collection whose member is asserted; </li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="membership.entity">entity</span>: the identifier <span class="name">e</span> of an entity that is member of the collection.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<p><span class="insert">Membership is not  defined as Influence, and therefore does not have an id and attributes.</span></p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_47"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">48</span><span class="insert">47</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_47"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>In this example, <span class="name">c</span> is a collection known to have <span class="name">e0</span>, <span class="name">e1</span>, and <span class="name">e2</span> as members, and may have other members.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(e0)
+entity(e1)
+entity(e2)
+
+entity(c, [prov:type='prov:Collection'  ])      // c is a collection, with unknown content
+hadMember(c, e0)
+hadMember(c, e1)
+hadMember(c, e2)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+  
+</div>   
+
+
+
+
+
+<div id="second-class-elements" class="section">
+<h3><span class="secno">5.7 </span>Further Elements of PROV-DM</h3>
+
+This section introduces further elements of PROV-DM.
+
+
+
+
+<div id="term-identifier" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.7.1 </span>Identifier</h4>
+
+<p>
+An <dfn id="dfn-identifier" class="internalDFN">identifier</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-identifier"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is a <a href="#concept-qualifiedName" class="internalDFN">qualified
+ name</a>. 
+</p>
+
+<p><a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Entity</span></a><span class="insert">, </span><a href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Activity</span></a><span class="insert">, and </span><a href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Agent</span></a><span class="insert"> have a mandatory identifier. Two entities (resp. activities, agents) are equal if they have the same identifier.</span></p>
+
+<p><a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Generation</span></a><span class="insert">, </span><a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Usage</span></a><span class="insert">, </span><a href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Communication</span></a><span class="insert">, </span><a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Start</span></a><span class="insert">, </span><a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">End</span></a><span class="insert">, </span><a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Invalidation</span></a><span class="insert">, </span><a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Derivation</span></a><span class="insert">, </span><a href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Attribution</span></a><span class="insert">, </span><a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Association</span></a><span class="insert">, </span><a href="#concept-delegation" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Delegation</span></a><span class="insert">, </span><a href="#concept-influence" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Influence</span></a><span class="insert"> have an optional identifier. Two generations (resp. usages, communications, etc.) are equal if they have the same identifier.
+
+</span></p></div>
+
+<div id="term-attribute" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.7.2 </span>Attribute</h4>
+
+<p>An <dfn title="dfn-attribute" id="dfn-attribute" class="internalDFN">attribute</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-attribute"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is a <a href="#concept-qualifiedName" class="internalDFN">qualified name</a>. 
+
+
+</p><p>The PROV data model introduces a pre-defined set of attributes in the <a title="prov-namespace" href="#dfn-prov-namespace" class="internalDFN">PROV namespace</a>, which we define below. 
+This specification does not provide any interpretation for any attribute declared in any other namespace.</p>
+
+<div id="attributes-at-a-glance-divz" style="text-align: left;">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="attributes-at-a-glance"><span>Table <span class="delete">6</span><span class="insert">8</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#attributes-at-a-glance"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> </span>PROV-DM Attributes At a Glance</caption> 
+<tbody><tr><td><b>Attribute</b></td><td><b>Allowed In</b></td><td><b>value</b></td><td><b>Section</b></td></tr> 
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="label" href="#concept-label" class="internalDFN">prov:label</a></td><td><em>any construct</em></td><td>A <a href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a> of type <a class="section-ref" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-2/#string">xsd:string</a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-attribute-label"><span>Section 5.7.2.1</span></a> </td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="location" href="#concept-location" class="internalDFN">prov:location</a></td><td><a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a>, <a href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a>, <a href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a>, <a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>, <a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a>, <a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</a>, <a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a>, and <a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a></td><td>A <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-attribute-location"><span>Section 5.7.2.2</span></a> </td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="role" href="#concept-role" class="internalDFN">prov:role</a></td><td><a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>, <a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a>, <a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</a>, <a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">Association</a>, <a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a>, and <a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a></td><td>A <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-attribute-role"><span>Section 5.7.2.3</span></a> </td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="type" href="#concept-type" class="internalDFN">prov:type</a></td><td><em>any construct</em></td><td>A <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-attribute-type"><span>Section 5.7.2.4</span></a> </td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="value-attribute" href="#concept-value-attribute" class="internalDFN">prov:value</a></td><td><a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td><td>A <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-attribute-value"><span>Section 5.7.2.5</span></a> </td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div id="term-attribute-label" class="section">
+<h5><span class="secno">5.7.2.1 </span>prov:label</h5>
+
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref">    The attribute <dfn id="concept-label" title="label" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:label</span></dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-label"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> provides a human-readable representation of an instance of a PROV-DM type or relation.   </span>
+The value associated with the attribute <span class="name">prov:label</span> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be a string.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_48"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">49</span><span class="insert">48</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_48"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>The following entity is provided with a label attribute.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> entity(ex:e1, [ prov:label="This is a human-readable label" ])
+</pre>
+
+<p>The following entity has two label attributes, in French and English.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> entity(ex:car01, [ prov:label="Voiture 01"@fr, prov:label="Car 01"@en ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="term-attribute-location" class="section">
+<h5><span class="secno">5.7.2.2 </span>prov:location</h5>
+
+<p><span class="glossary-ref">   A <dfn id="concept-location" title="location" class="internalDFN">location</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-location"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> can be an identifiable geographic place (ISO 19112), but it can also be a non-geographic place such as a directory, row, or column.  </span>
+As such, there are numerous ways in which location can be expressed, such as by a coordinate,
+address, landmark, and so forth. This  document does not specify how to concretely express  locations, but instead provide a mechanism to introduce locations, by means of a reserved attribute. </p> 
+
+
+<p>
+The attribute <span class="name">prov:location</span> is an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> attribute of <a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a>, <a href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a>, <a href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a>, <a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>, <a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a>, <a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</a>, <a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a>, and <a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a>.  The value associated with the  attribute <span class="name">prov:location</span> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be a PROV-DM <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a>, expected to denote a location.
+</p>
+
+<p><span class="insert">While the attribute </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">prov:location</span></span><span class="insert"> is allowed for several PROV concepts, it may not make sense to use it in some cases. For example, an activity that describes the relocation of an entity will have start and end locations, as well as every place in between those points.</span></p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example-location"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">50</span><span class="insert">49</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#example-location"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>The following expression describes entity Mona Lisa, a painting, with a location attribute. </p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> entity(ex:MonaLisa, [ prov:location="Le Louvre, Paris", prov:type="StillImage" ])
+</pre>
+<p>The following expression describes a cell, at coordinates (5,5), with value 10. </p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> entity(ex:cell, [ prov:location="(5,5)", prov:value="10" %% xsd:integer ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div id="term-attribute-role" class="section">
+<h5><span class="secno">5.7.2.3 </span>prov:role</h5>
+
+
+<p><span class="glossary-ref">   A <dfn id="concept-role" class="internalDFN">role</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-role"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is the function of an entity or agent with respect to an activity, in the context of a <a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">usage</a>, <a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">generation</a>, <a href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">invalidation</a>,  <a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">association</a>, <a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">start</a>, and  <a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">end</a>. </span></p>
+
+<p>
+The attribute <span class="name">prov:role</span> is allowed to occur multiple times in a list of attribute-value pairs. The value associated with a <span class="name">prov:role</span> attribute <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be a PROV-DM <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-role"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">51</span><span class="insert">50</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-role"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>The following activity is associated with an agent acting as the operator. </p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> wasAssociatedWith(a, ag, [ prov:role="operator" ])
+</pre>
+<p>In the following expression, the activity <span class="name">ex:div01</span> used entity <span class="name">ex:cell</span> in the role of divisor.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">used(ex:div01, ex:cell, [ prov:role="divisor" ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-attribute-type" class="section">
+<h5><span class="secno">5.7.2.4 </span>prov:type</h5>
+
+<p><span class="glossary-ref">   The attribute <dfn id="concept-type" title="type" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:type</span></dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-type"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>  provides further typing information  for any construct with an optional set of attribute-value pairs. </span></p>
+
+<p>
+PROV-DM liberally
+defines a type as a category of things having common characteristics. PROV-DM is agnostic about the representation of types, and only states that
+the value associated with a <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be a PROV-DM <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value.</a> The attribute <span class="name">prov:type</span>
+is allowed to occur multiple times.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_51"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">52</span><span class="insert">51</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_51"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>The following describes an agent of type software agent.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">   agent(ag, [ prov:type='prov:SoftwareAgent' ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>The following types are pre-defined in PROV, and are valid values for the <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute.</p>
+
+
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="prov-dm-predefined-types"><span>Table <span class="delete">7</span><span class="insert">9</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#prov-dm-predefined-types"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> </span>PROV-DM Predefined Types</caption> 
+<tbody><tr><td><b>Type</b></td><td><b>Specification</b></td><td><b>Core concept</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="bundle" href="#concept-bundle" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:Bundle</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-bundle"><span>Section 5.4.1</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="collection" href="#concept-collection" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:Collection</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-collection"><span>Section 5.6.1</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="empty collection" href="#concept-empty-collection" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:EmptyCollection</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-collection"><span>Section 5.6.1</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="organization" href="#concept-organization" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:Organization</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-agent"><span>Section 5.3.1</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="person" href="#concept-person" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:Person</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-agent"><span>Section 5.3.1</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="plan" href="#concept-plan" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:Plan</span></a></td> <td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-entity"><span>Section 5.1.1</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="primary source" href="#concept-primary-source" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:PrimarySource</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-primary-source"><span>Section 5.2.4</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">Derivation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="Quotation" href="#concept-quotation" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:Quotation</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-quotation"><span>Section 5.2.3</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">Derivation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="Revision" href="#concept-revision" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:Revision</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-revision"><span>Section 5.2.2</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">Derivation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a title="software-agent" href="#concept-software-agent" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:SoftwareAgent</span></a></td><td><a class="section-ref" href="#term-agent"><span>Section 5.3.1</span></a></td><td><a href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="term-attribute-value" class="section">
+<h5><span class="secno">5.7.2.5 </span>prov:value</h5>
+
+<p><span class="glossary-ref">   The attribute <dfn id="concept-value-attribute" title="value-attribute" class="internalDFN"><span class="name">prov:value</span></dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-value-attribute"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>  provides a <span class="insert">value  that is a direct representation of an entity as a PROV-DM </span><a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a><span class="delete"> for an entity.</span><span class="insert">.</span> </span></p>
+
+
+
+<p>The attribute <span class="name">prov:value</span> is an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> attribute of entity.  The value associated with the  attribute <span class="name">prov:value</span> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be a PROV-DM <a title="value" href="#concept-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a>. The attribute <span class="name">prov:value</span> <em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em> occur at most once in a set of attribute-value pairs.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-value1"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example <span class="delete">53</span><span class="insert">52</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-value1"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>The following example illustrates the provenance of the number <span class="name">4</span> obtained by an activity that computed the length of an input string <span class="name">"abcd"</span>.
+The input and the output are expressed as entities <span class="name">ex:in</span> and <span class="name">ex:out</span>, respectively. They each have a <span class="name">prov:value</span> attribute associated with the corresponding value.
+</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(ex:in, [ prov:value="abcd" ]) 
+entity(ex:out, [ prov:value=4 ]) 
+activity(ex:len, [ prov:type="string-length" ])
+used(ex:len, ex:in)
+wasGeneratedBy(ex:out, ex:len)
+wasDerivedFrom(ex:out, ex:in)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="insert">
+Two different entities </span><em class="rfc2119" title="may"><span class="insert">may</span></em><span class="insert"> have the same value for the attribute 
+prov:value. For instance,
+when two entities, with the same prov:value, are generated by two 
+different activities, as illustrated
+by the following example.</span></p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-value2"><div class="anexampleTitle"><span class="insert">Example 53</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-value2"><span class="diamond"><span class="insert"> ◊</span></span></a></sup></div>
+<p><a href="#anexample-value1" class="anexample-ref"><span><span class="insert">Example 52</span></span></a><span class="insert"> illustrates an entity with a given value
+ </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">4</span></span><span class="insert">. This examples shows that another entity with the same value may be computed differently (by an addition).
+</span></p>
+<pre class="codeexample"><span class="insert">entity(ex:in1, [ prov:value=3 ]) 
+entity(ex:in2, [ prov:value=1 ]) 
+entity(ex:out2, [ prov:value=4 ])      // ex:out2 also has value 4
+activity(ex:add1, [ prov:type="addition" ])
+used(ex:add1, ex:in1)
+used(ex:add1, ex:in2)
+wasGeneratedBy(ex:out2, ex:add1)
+</span></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-value" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.7.3 </span>Value</h4>
+
+<p><span class="glossary-ref">   A <dfn id="concept-value" title="value" class="internalDFN">value</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-value"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup>  is a constant such as a string, number, time, qualified name, IRI, and encoded binary data, whose interpretation  is outside the scope of PROV. </span> Values can occur in attribute-value pairs. </p>
+
+<p>Each kind of such values is called a <em>datatype</em>.
+ Use of the following data types is <em class="rfc2119" title="recommended">recommended</em>. </p>
+<ul>
+<li> The RDF-compatible [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">RDF-CONCEPTS</a></cite>] types, including those taken from 
+the set of XML Schema Datatypes [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">XMLSCHEMA11-2</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> Qualified names introduced in this specification.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>
+The normative definitions of these datatypes are provided by their respective specifications.  
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<p id="conformance-to-rdf-datatypes"><b>Conformance to RDF Datatypes</b> As of the publication of this document, RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-CONCEPTS11">RDF-CONCEPTS11</a></cite>] is not yet a <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation (see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/">http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/</a> for the latest version). 
+Both the PROV Working Group and the RDF Working Group are confident that there will be only minor changes before it becomes a <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation. In order to take advantage of the anticipated corrections and new features sooner, while also providing stability in case the specification does not advance as expected, conformance to PROV as it relates to RDF Datatypes is defined as follows:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>If RDF 1.1  Concepts and Abstract Syntax becomes a <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation, all references in PROV to
+RDF Concepts and Abstract Syntax will be normative references to the 1.1 Recommendation.
+</li><li>Until that time, references in PROV to RDF Concepts and Abstract Syntax features operate as follows:
+<ul>
+<li> If RDF 1.0 defines the features, then the reference is normative to the 1.0 definition [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">RDF-CONCEPTS</a></cite>];</li>
+<li>otherwise, the feature is optional in PROV and the reference is informative only.</li>
+</ul>
+</li></ul>
+<p>This "change in normative reference" is effective as of the publication of RDF 1.1 as a <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation. However, <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> expects to publish a new edition of PROV once RDF 1.1 becomes a Recommendation to update the reference explicitly.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-value"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 54<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-value"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+The following examples respectively are the string "abc", the integer number 1, and the IRI "http://example.org/foo".
+</p><pre class="codeexample">  "abc"
+  "1" %% xsd:integer
+  "http://example.org/foo" %% xsd:anyURI
+</pre>
+<p>The following example shows a value of type <span class="name">prov:QUALIFIED_NAME</span> (see
+<span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">prov:QUALIFIED_NAME</a></span> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>]).
+The prefix <span class="name">ex</span>  must be bound to a <a href="#dfn-namespace" class="internalDFN">namespace</a> declared in a <a href="#dfn-namespaceDeclaration" class="internalDFN">namespace declaration</a>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> 
+  "ex:value" %% prov:QUALIFIED_NAME
+</pre>
+Alternatively, the same value can be expressed using the following convenience notation.
+<pre class="codeexample"> 
+  'ex:value'
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>We note that <span class="delete">PROV-DM</span><span class="insert">PROV</span> <dfn title="time" id="dfn-time" class="internalDFN">time instants</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-time"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> are defined according to xsd:dateTime [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">XMLSCHEMA11-2</a></cite>].</p> 
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-time"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 55<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-time"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+In the following example, the generation time of entity <span class="name">e1</span> is expressed according to 
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-2/#dateTime">xsd:dateTime</a>  [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">XMLSCHEMA11-2</a></cite>].</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> 
+  wasGeneratedBy(e1,a1, 2001-10-26T21:32:52)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-NamespaceDeclaration" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.7.4 </span>Namespace Declaration</h4>
+
+<p>A <span class="delete">PROV-DM </span><dfn id="dfn-namespace" class="internalDFN">namespace</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-namespace"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is identified by an IRI [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-IRI">IRI</a></cite>]. In PROV-DM, attributes, identifiers, and values with <a title="qualified name" href="#concept-qualifiedName" class="internalDFN">qualified names</a> as data type can be placed in a namespace using the mechanisms described in this specification. </p>
+
+
+<p>A <dfn id="dfn-namespaceDeclaration" class="internalDFN">namespace declaration</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-namespaceDeclaration"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> consists of a binding between a prefix and a namespace. Every qualified name with this prefix in the scope of this
+declaration refers to this namespace. </p>
+
+<p>A <dfn id="dfn-defaultNamespaceDeclaration" class="internalDFN">default namespace declaration</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-defaultNamespaceDeclaration"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> consists of a namespace. Every un-prefixed qualified name
+refers to default namespace declaration.</p>
+
+<p>The <dfn title="prov-namespace" id="dfn-prov-namespace" class="internalDFN">PROV namespace</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-prov-namespace"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is identified by the <span class="delete">URI</span><span class="insert">IRI</span> <a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</a>.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-qualified-name" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">5.7.5 </span>Qualified Name</h4>
+
+
+<span class="glossary-ref">   A <dfn id="concept-qualifiedName" class="internalDFN">qualified name</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-qualifiedName"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> is a name subject to <a href="#dfn-namespace" class="internalDFN">namespace</a> interpretation. It consists of a <a href="#dfn-namespace" class="internalDFN">namespace</a>, denoted by an optional prefix, and a local name. </span>
+
+<p>PROV-DM stipulates that a qualified name can be mapped into an IRI
+ by concatenating the IRI associated with the prefix and the local part.</p>
+
+<p>A qualified name's prefix is <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em>. If a prefix occurs in a
+ qualified name, it refers to a <a href="#dfn-namespace" class="internalDFN">namespace</a> declared in a namespace declaration.  In the absence of prefix, the qualified name 
+ refers to the <a title="default namespace declaration" href="#dfn-defaultNamespaceDeclaration" class="internalDFN">default namespace</a>.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+</div>
+ 
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+    <div id="extensibility-section" class="section"> 
+<h2><span class="secno">6. </span>PROV-DM Extensibility Points</h2>
+
+
+<p>The PROV data model provides extensibility points that allow designers to specialize it for specific applications or domains. We summarize these extensibility points here. </p>
+
+
+<p>The <a title="prov-namespace" href="#dfn-prov-namespace" class="internalDFN">PROV namespace</a> declares a set of reserved attributes catering for extensibility: <a href="#term-attribute-type"><span class="name">prov:type</span></a>, <a href="#term-attribute-role"><span class="name">prov:role</span></a>, <a href="#term-attribute-location"><span class="name">prov:location</span></a>.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Sub-types and sub-relations can be expressed by means of the reserved attribute 
+<a href="#term-attribute-type"><span class="name">prov:type</span></a>.
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-sub-relation"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 56<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-sub-relation"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+In the following example,  <span class="name">e2</span> is a translation of <span class="name">e1</span>,
+expressed as a sub-type of derivation.
+</p><pre class="codeexample"> 
+  wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1, [prov:type='ex:Translation' ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-sub-type"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 57<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-sub-type"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+In the following example,  <span class="name">e</span> is described as a Car, a type of entity.
+</p><pre class="codeexample"> 
+  entity(e, [prov:type='ex:Car' ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</li>
+
+<li>Application and domain specific roles can be expressed by means of the reserved attribute 
+<a href="#term-attribute-role"><span class="name">prov:role</span></a>.
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-usage-with-role"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 58<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-usage-with-role"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>
+In the following example,  two computers  <span class="name">ex:laptop4</span> and <span class="name">ex:desktop9</span> are used in different roles in a work activity.
+</p><pre class="codeexample"> 
+  activity(ex:work)
+  entity(ex:laptop4)
+  entity(ex:desktop9)
+  used(ex:work, ex:laptop4,  [prov:role="day-to-day machine"])
+  used(ex:work, ex:desktop9, [prov:role="backup machine"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+
+<li> Attribute-value lists occur in all types and most relations of the data model.  Applications designers are free to introduce further application-specific attributes. Attributes for a given application can be distinguished by qualifying them with a prefix denoting a namespace
+declared in a namespace declaration. New namespaces and associated prefixes can be declared, allowing attributes and names to be qualified. 
+</li>
+
+
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>The PROV data model is designed to be application and technology independent, but implementers are welcome and encouraged to specialize PROV-DM to specific domains and applications.  To ensure interoperability, specializations of
+the PROV data model that exploit the extensibility points summarized in this section must preserve the semantics specified in this document and in [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>]. </p>
+
+
+
+    </div> 
+
+
+
+<div id="valid-provenance" class="section">
+<h2><span class="secno">7. </span>Creating Valid Provenance</h2>
+
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>This specification defines PROV-DM, a data model that allows 
+descriptions of the people, institutions, entities, and activities,
+involved in producing, influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a
+thing to be expressed.  However, with this data model, it is also possible to compose
+descriptions that would not make sense: for instance, one could
+express that an entity was used before it was generated, or that the
+activity that generated an entity <span class="delete">began its existence</span><span class="insert">started</span> after the entity
+generation.  A set of constraints have been defined for <span class="delete">PROV-DM</span><span class="insert">PROV</span> and
+can be found in a companion specification [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>].
+They <em class="rfc2119" title="should">should</em> be used by developers to compose provenance descriptions that are valid, and
+by implementers of reasoning engines aiming to check whether provenance descriptions have problems. </li>
+
+
+
+<li>
+<p> The example of <a href="#prov-dm-example">section 3</a> contains identifiers such as <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span>, which denotes a specific version of a technical report.  On the other hand, <span class="delete">a URI</span><span class="insert">an IRI</span> such as <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a> denotes the latest version of a document. One needs to ensure that provenance descriptions for the latter resource remain valid as the resource state changes. </p>
+
+<p>To this end, <span class="delete">PROV-DM</span><span class="insert">PROV</span> allows asserters to describe "<em>partial states</em>" of entities by means of attributes and associated values. Some further constraints apply to the use of these attributes, since the values associated with them are expected to remain unchanged for some period of time. The constraints associated to attributes allow provenance descriptions to be refined, they can also be found in the companion specification [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>].</p>
+
+
+</li>
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">The idea of bundling provenance descriptions is crucial to the PROV approach. Indeed, it allows multiple provenance perspectives to be provided for a given entity. It is also the mechanism by which provenance of provenance can be expressed.
+Descriptions in bundles are expected to satisfy constraints specified in the companion specification [</span><span class="delete">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</span><span class="delete">].</span>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</ul>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="appendix section" id="cross-references-to-prov-o-and-prov-n">
+<h2><span class="secno">A. </span>Cross-References to PROV-O and PROV-N</h2>
+
+<p>PROV-DM is a conceptual data model which can be serialized in various ways. 
+The following table contains the PROV-O classes and properties, as described in [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>], and PROV-N productions, as described in [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>] that correspond to PROV-DM concepts.</p> 
+
+<div id="prov-dm-to-prov-o-and-prov-n-fig" style="text-align: left;">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="prov-dm-to-prov-o-and-prov-n"><span>Table <span class="delete">8</span><span class="insert">10</span><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#prov-dm-to-prov-o-and-prov-n"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> </span>Cross-References to PROV-O and PROV-N</caption> 
+<tbody><tr><td><a><b>PROV-DM</b></a></td><td><b>PROV-O</b></td><td><b>PROV-N</b></td><td><b>Component</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+<tr class="component1-color">
+<td><a title="Entity" href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Entity">Entity</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-entityExpression">entityExpression</a></code>
+</td><td rowspan="8"><a href="#component1">Component 1:<br> Entities/Activities</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr class="component1-color">
+<td><a title="Activity" href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Entity">Activity</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-activityExpression">activityExpression</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component1-color">
+<td><a title="Generation" href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasGeneratedBy">wasGeneratedBy</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Generation">Generation</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-generationExpression">generationExpression</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component1-color">
+<td><a title="Usage" href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#used">used</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Usage">Usage</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-usageExpression">usageExpression</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component1-color">
+<td><a title="Communication" href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN">Communication</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasInformedBy">wasInformedBy</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Communication">Communication</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-communicationExpression">communicationExpression</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component1-color">
+<td><a title="Start" href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasStartedBy">wasStartedBy</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Start">Start</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-startExpression">startExpression</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component1-color">
+<td><a title="End" href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasEndedBy">wasEndedBy</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#End">End</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-endExpression">endExpression</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component1-color">
+<td><a title="Invalidation" href="#concept-invalidation" class="internalDFN">Invalidation</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasInvalidatedBy">wasInvalidatedBy</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Invalidation">Invalidation</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-invalidationExpression">invalidationExpression</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr class="component2-color">
+<td><a title="Derivation" href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">Derivation</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasDerivedFrom">wasDerivedFrom</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Derivation">Derivation</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-derivationExpression">derivationExpression</a></code></td>
+<td rowspan="4"><a href="#component2">Component 2:<br> Derivations</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component2-color">
+<td class="provType"><a title="Revision" href="#concept-revision" class="internalDFN">Revision</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasRevisionOf">wasRevisionOf</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Revision">Revision</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Revision">Revision</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component2-color">
+<td class="provType"><a title="Quotation" href="#concept-quotation" class="internalDFN">Quotation</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasQuotedFrom">wasQuotedFrom</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Quotation">Quotation</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Quotation">Quotation</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component2-color"><td class="provType"><a title="Primary Source" href="#concept-primary-source" class="internalDFN">Primary Source</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#hadPrimarySource">hadPrimarySource</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Source">Source</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Primary-Source">PrimarySource</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr class="component3-color" style="border-collapse: collapse; ">
+<td><a title="Agent" href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Agent">Agent</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-agentExpression">agentExpression</a></code></td>
+<td rowspan="9"><a href="#component3">Component 3: <br>Agents, Responsibility, <br>Influence</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component3-color">
+<td><a title="Attribution" href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">Attribution</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasAttributedTo">wasAttributedTo</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Attribution">Attribution</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-attributionExpression">attributionExpression</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component3-color">
+<td><a title="Association" href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">Association</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasAssociatedWith">wasAssociatedWith</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Association">Association</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-associationExpression">associationExpression</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component3-color">
+<td><a title="Delegation" href="#concept-delegation" class="internalDFN">Delegation</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#actedOnBehalfOf">actedOnBehalfOf</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Delegation">Delegation</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-delegationExpression">delegationExpression</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component3-color">
+<td><a title="Plan" href="#concept-plan" class="internalDFN">Plan</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Plan">Plan</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Plan">Plan</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component3-color">
+<td><a title="Person" href="#concept-person" class="internalDFN">Person</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Person">Person</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Person">Person</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component3-color">
+<td><a title="Organization" href="#concept-organization" class="internalDFN">Organization</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Organization">Organization</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Organization">Organization</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component3-color">
+<td><a title="software-agent" href="#concept-software-agent" class="internalDFN">SoftwareAgent</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#SoftwareAgent">SoftwareAgent</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-SoftwareAgent">SoftwareAgent</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component3-color">
+<td><a title="Influence" href="#concept-influence" class="internalDFN">Influence</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#wasInfluencedBy">wasInfluencedBy</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Influence">Influence</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-influenceExpression">influenceExpression</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr class="component4-color">
+<td><a title="bundle" href="#concept-bundle" class="internalDFN">Bundle constructor</a></td>
+<td> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#description-bundle">bundle description</a> </td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-namedBundle">namedBundle</a></code></td>
+<td rowspan="2"><a href="#component5">Component 4: <br> Bundles</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component4-color"><td class="provType"><a title="bundle" href="#concept-bundle" class="internalDFN">Bundle type</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Bundle">Bundle</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Bundle">Bundle</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component5-color">
+<td><a title="Alternate" href="#concept-alternate" class="internalDFN">Alternate</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#alternateOf">alternateOf</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-alternateExpression">alternateExpression</a></code></td>
+<td rowspan="2"><a href="#component4">Component 5: <br> Alternate</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component5-color">
+<td><a title="Specialization" href="#concept-specialization" class="internalDFN">Specialization</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#specializationOf">specializationOf</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-specializationExpression">specializationExpression</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<span class="delete">Mention</span>
+<span class="delete">mentionOf</span><span class="delete">, </span><span class="delete">asInBundle</span>
+<span class="delete">mentionExpression</span>
+ 
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+
+
+<tr class="component6-color">
+<td><a title="Collection" href="#concept-collection" class="internalDFN">Collection</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#Collection">Collection</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-Collection">Collection</a></code></td>
+<td rowspan="3"><a href="#component6">Component 6: <br> Collections</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component6-color">
+<td><a title="Empty Collection" href="#concept-empty-collection" class="internalDFN">EmptyCollection</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#EmptyCollection">EmptyCollection</a></td>
+<td>type <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#provn-type-EmptyCollection">EmptyCollection</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr class="component6-color">
+<td><a title="Membership" href="#concept-membership" class="internalDFN">Membership</a></td>
+<td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/#hadMember">hadMember</a></td>
+<td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/#prod-membershipExpression">membershipExpression</a></code></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="appendix section" id="changes-since-last-version"> 
+      <h2><span class="secno"><span class="insert">B. </span></span><span class="insert">Changes since last version</span></h2> 
+      <p><span class="insert"> Please see the </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ResponsesToPublicComments"><span class="insert">Responses to Public Comments on the Last Call Working Draft</span></a><span class="insert"> for more details about the justification of these changes.</span></p>
+
+<ul>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/506"><span class="insert">ISSUE-506</span></a><span class="insert">: Updated role from author to contributor, in line with text.
+</span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/492"><span class="insert">ISSUE-492</span></a><span class="insert">: Fixed typos in  </span><a href="#anexample-invalidation3" class="anexample-ref"><span><span class="insert">Example 29</span></span></a><span class="insert">.
+</span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/508"><span class="insert">ISSUE-508</span></a><span class="insert">: Clarified the bold names and parameters  in  text preceding </span><a href="#prov-dm-types-and-relations-fig"><span class="insert">Table 5</span></a><span class="insert">.
+</span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/501"><span class="insert">ISSUE-501</span></a><span class="insert">: Put the example about driving a car to Boston in a box.
+</span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/450"><span class="insert">ISSUE-450</span></a><span class="insert">, </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/514"><span class="insert">ISSUE-514</span></a><span class="insert">: added table with secondary objects in relations.
+</span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/512"><span class="insert">ISSUE-512</span></a><span class="insert">: simplied type of activity a2 to "fine paying"
+</span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/509"><span class="insert">ISSUE-509</span></a><span class="insert">: modified the introductory text to UML figures, so that they refer to relation names (e.g. WasStartedBy) as visualized in figures
+</span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/515"><span class="insert">ISSUE-515</span></a><span class="insert">: fixed typo
+</span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/531"><span class="insert">ISSUE-531</span></a><span class="insert">: added sentence on the use of prov:location attribute.
+
+</span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/519"><span class="insert">ISSUE-519</span></a><span class="insert">, </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/523"><span class="insert">ISSUE-523</span></a><span class="insert">, </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/524"><span class="insert">ISSUE-524</span></a><span class="insert">, </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/529"><span class="insert">ISSUE-529</span></a><span class="insert">: changed UML diagram of figure 8 by removing explicit inheritance from influence for  usage, start, end, generation, invalidation, communication, derivation, attribution, association, and delegation.  Instead, introduced correspondance table 7.  Furthermore, in response to these issues, it was made clear that PROV defines no attribute specific to subtypes such as SoftwareAgent, ..., Plan, Revision, Bundle, Collection.
+</span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/495"><span class="insert">ISSUE-495</span></a><span class="insert">: made explicit which section, figure, table was informative or normative.
+</span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/521"><span class="insert">ISSUE-521</span></a><span class="insert">: now states that "an agent relied on a plan" instead of "an agent adopted a plan".
+</span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/499"><span class="insert">ISSUE-499</span></a><span class="insert">: Made explicit that generation/usage/invalidation/start/end are implicit.
+</span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/449"><span class="insert">ISSUE-449</span></a><span class="insert">: Clarified definition of prov:value attribute and added an example.
+</span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/495"><span class="insert">ISSUE-495</span></a><span class="insert">: added paragraph about 'relations opening up'. Clarified the role of '-' in example. Fixed dates in biblio. Fixed space issue in prov-n examples
+</span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/516"><span class="insert">ISSUE-516</span></a><span class="insert">: Stating that there moust be some underpinning activity or activities for a derivation, instead of just activities.
+</span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/525"><span class="insert">ISSUE-525</span></a><span class="insert">: Made it explicit that Membership, Alternate, Specialization are not Influence
+</span></li><li><span class="insert"> Copied the sentence " An agent may be a particular type of entity or activity. This means that the model can be
+ used to express provenance of the agents themselves.  " from the informative section into the normative section.
+</span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/504"><span class="insert">ISSUE-504</span></a><span class="insert">: Updated definition of collection.
+</span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/503"><span class="insert">ISSUE-503</span></a><span class="insert">: Rephrased the introduction of expanded association in section 2.2.1.2 Expanded Relations.
+</span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/514"><span class="insert">ISSUE-514</span></a><span class="insert">: added links to the attributes listed in the secondary element table. Also removed PrimarySource, Quotation, Revision.
+</span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/502"><span class="insert">ISSUE-502</span></a><span class="insert">: Added sentence in section 2.1.2 explaining that the focus
+      of derivation is on connecting a generated entity to a used  entity.
+</span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/526"><span class="insert">ISSUE-526</span></a><span class="insert">: Added sentence clarifying sentence in section 5.5.2.
+</span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/462"><span class="insert">ISSUE-462</span></a><span class="insert">: Added clarification regarding entity attributes (with respect to fixed aspects) and role of identifier with respect to equality.
+</span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/518"><span class="insert">ISSUE-518</span></a><span class="insert">: Added clarifying sentence of primary source.
+</span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/552"><span class="insert">ISSUE-552</span></a><span class="insert">: Clarifying phrasing around a quotation/revision/primary-source relation is a particular case of a derivation relation ...; updated definitions for start and end.
+</span></li><li><span class="insert"> Rephrased original entity to preceding entity.
+</span></li><li><span class="insert"> Moved feature at risk, Mention, to note document (prov-mention).
+</span></li></ul>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="appendix section" id="acknowledgements"> 
+      <h2><span class="secno"><span class="delete">B.</span><span class="insert">C.</span> </span>Acknowledgements</h2> 
+      <p> 
+
+This  document has been produced by the PROV Working Group, and its contents reflect extensive discussion within the Working Group as a whole. The editors extend special thanks to  Sandro Hawke (<acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>/<acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym>), Ivan Herman (<acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>/<acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym>), Tom Baker for their thorough reviews.
+      </p> 
+
+<p>
+<span class="insert">The editors acknowledge valuable contributions from the following:
+David Booth,
+Robert Freimuth,
+Satrajit Ghosh,
+Ralph Hodgson,
+Renato Iannella,
+Jacek Kopecky,
+James Leigh,
+Jacco van Ossenbruggen,
+Alan Ruttenberg,
+Reza Samavi, and
+Antoine Zimmermann.
+</span></p>
+
+
+
+<p>
+Members of the PROV Working Group at the time of publication of this document were:
+
+Ilkay Altintas (Invited expert),
+Reza B'Far (Oracle Corporation),
+Khalid Belhajjame (University of Manchester),
+James Cheney (University of Edinburgh, School of Informatics),
+Sam Coppens (IBBT),
+David Corsar (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science),
+Stephen Cresswell (The National Archives),
+Tom De Nies (IBBT),
+Helena Deus (DERI Galway at the National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland),
+Simon Dobson (Invited expert),
+Martin Doerr (Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas(FORTH)),
+Kai Eckert (Invited expert),
+Jean-Pierre EVAIN (European Broadcasting Union, EBU-UER),
+James Frew (Invited expert),
+Irini Fundulaki (Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas(FORTH)),
+Daniel Garijo (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid),
+Yolanda Gil (Invited expert),
+Ryan Golden (Oracle Corporation),
+Paul Groth (Vrije Universiteit),
+Olaf Hartig (Invited expert),
+David Hau (National Cancer Institute, NCI),
+Sandro Hawke (<acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>/<acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym>),
+Jörn Hees (German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) Gmbh),
+Ivan Herman, (<acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>/<acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym>),
+Ralph Hodgson (TopQuadrant),
+Hook Hua (Invited expert),
+Trung Dong Huynh (University of Southampton),
+Graham Klyne (University of Oxford),
+Michael Lang (Revelytix, Inc.),
+Timothy Lebo (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+James McCusker (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Deborah McGuinness (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Simon Miles (Invited expert),
+Paolo Missier (School of Computing Science, Newcastle university),
+Luc Moreau (University of Southampton),
+James Myers (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Vinh Nguyen (Wright State University),
+Edoardo Pignotti (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science),
+Paulo da Silva Pinheiro (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Carl Reed (Open Geospatial Consortium),
+Adam Retter (Invited Expert),
+Christine Runnegar (Invited expert),
+Satya Sahoo (Invited expert),
+David Schaengold (Revelytix, Inc.),
+Daniel Schutzer (FSTC, Financial Services Technology Consortium),
+Yogesh Simmhan (Invited expert),
+Stian Soiland-Reyes (University of Manchester),
+Eric Stephan (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory),
+Linda Stewart (The National Archives),
+Ed Summers (Library of Congress),
+Maria Theodoridou (Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas(FORTH)),
+Ted Thibodeau (OpenLink Software Inc.),
+Curt Tilmes (National Aeronautics and Space Administration),
+Craig Trim (IBM Corporation),
+Stephan Zednik (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Jun Zhao (University of Oxford),
+Yuting Zhao (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science).
+</p>
+    </div> 
+
+
+ 
+
+<div id="references" class="appendix section"><h2><span class="secno"><span class="delete">C.</span><span class="insert">D.</span> </span>References</h2><div id="normative-references" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><span class="delete">C.1</span><span class="insert">D.1</span> </span>Normative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-IRI">[IRI]</dt><dd>M. Duerst, M. Suignard. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><cite>Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRI).</cite></a> January 2005. Internet RFC 3987. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt</a> 
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS"><span class="insert">[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]</span></dt><dd><span class="insert">James Cheney, Paolo Missier, and Luc Moreau (eds.), Tom De Nies. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/"><cite><span class="insert">Constraints of the PROV Data Model</span></cite></a><span class="insert">. 2012, Candidate Recommendation. URL: </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/</span></a><span class="insert">.
+</span></dd><dt id="bib-PROV-N"><span class="insert">[PROV-N]</span></dt><dd><span class="insert">Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) James Cheney, Stian Soiland-Reyes. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/"><cite><span class="insert">PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</span></cite></a><span class="insert">. 2012, Candidate Recommendation. URL: </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/</span></a><span class="insert">.
+</span></dd><dt id="bib-PROV-O"><span class="insert">[PROV-O]</span></dt><dd><span class="insert">Timothy Lebo, Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, David Corsar, Daniel Garijo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, Stephan Zednik, and Jun Zhao. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/"><cite><span class="insert">Provenance Formal Model</span></cite></a><span class="insert">. 2012, Candidate Recommendation. URL: </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/</span></a><span class="insert">.
+</span></dd><dt id="bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">[RDF-CONCEPTS]</dt><dd>Graham Klyne; Jeremy J. Carroll. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210"><cite>Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax.</cite></a> 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210">http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210</a> 
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC2119">[RFC2119]</dt><dd>S. Bradner. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><cite>Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.</cite></a> March 1997. Internet RFC 2119.  URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a> 
+</dd><dt id="bib-UML">[UML]</dt><dd>Object Management Group <a href="http://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.0/Superstructure/PDF/"><cite>Unified Modeling Language: Superstructure</cite></a>. version 2.0, 2005 URL: <a href="http://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.0/Superstructure/PDF/">http://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.0/Superstructure/PDF/</a>
+</dd><span class="delete">[URI]</span><span class="delete">T. Berners-Lee; R. Fielding; L. Masinter. </span><span class="delete">Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): generic syntax.</span><span class="delete"> January 2005. Internet RFC 3986. URL: </span><span class="delete">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt</span> 
+<dt id="bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">[XMLSCHEMA11-2]</dt><dd>Henry S. Thompson; et al. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/"><cite>W3C XML Schema Definition Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 2: Datatypes.</cite></a> 5 April 2012. W3C Recommendation URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/</a> 
+</dd></dl></div><div id="informative-references" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><span class="delete">C.2</span><span class="insert">D.2</span> </span>Informative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-Logic">[Logic]</dt><dd>W. E. Johnson <a href="http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>.1924. URL: <a href="http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-Mappings">[Mappings]</dt><dd>Satya Sahoo and Paul Groth and Olaf Hartig and Simon Miles and Sam Coppens and James Myers and Yolanda Gil and Luc Moreau and Jun Zhao and Michael Panzer and Daniel Garijo <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/prov/wiki/Provenance_Vocabulary_Mappings"><cite>Provenance Vocabulary Mappings</cite></a>. August 2010 URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/prov/wiki/Provenance_Vocabulary_Mappings">http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/prov/wiki/Provenance_Vocabulary_Mappings</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-AQ">[PROV-AQ]</dt><dd>Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon <span class="delete">Miles </span><span class="insert">Miles. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. <span class="delete">2011,</span><span class="insert">2012,</span> Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/</span></a><span class="insert">.</span>
+</dd><span class="delete">[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]</span><dt id="bib-PROV-LAYOUT"><span class="insert">[PROV-LAYOUT]</span></dt><dd><span class="delete">James Cheney, Paolo Missier, and Luc Moreau (eds.) </span><span class="insert">W3C PROV Working Group. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/Diagrams/"><cite><span class="delete">Constraints of the </span>PROV <span class="delete">Data Model</span><span class="insert">Graph Layout Conventions</span></cite></a>. <span class="delete">2011, Working Draft.</span><span class="insert">2012.</span> URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/Diagrams/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/Diagrams/</span></a><span class="insert">.</span>
+</dd><span class="delete">[PROV-N]</span><dt id="bib-PROV-OVERVIEW"><span class="insert">[PROV-OVERVIEW]</span></dt><dd><span class="delete">Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) James Cheney, Stian Soiland-Reyes </span><span class="insert">AUTHORS TBD. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/"><cite><span class="delete">PROV-N:</span><span class="insert">PROV-OVERVIEW:</span> The <span class="delete">Provenance Notation</span><span class="insert">PROV Family of Documents</span></cite></a>. <span class="delete">2011,</span><span class="insert">2012,</span> Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</span>
+<span class="delete">[PROV-O]</span><span class="delete">Timothy Lebo, Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, David Corsar, Daniel Garijo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik </span><span class="delete">Provenance Formal Model</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/</span></a>.<span class="delete"> 2011, Working Draft. URL: </span><span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</span>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-PRIMER">[PROV-PRIMER]</dt><dd>Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan <span class="delete">Zednik </span><span class="insert">Zednik. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. <span class="delete">2011,</span><span class="insert">2012,</span> Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/</span></a><span class="insert">.
+</span></dd><dt id="bib-PROV-XML"><span class="insert">[PROV-XML]</span></dt><dd><span class="insert">Hook Hua, Curt Tilmes, and Stephan Zednik (eds.) Luc Moreau. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/"><cite><span class="insert">PROV-XML: The PROV XML Schema</span></cite></a><span class="insert">. 2012, Candidate Recommendation. URL: </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/</span></a><span class="insert">.</span>
+</dd><dt id="bib-RDF-CONCEPTS11">[RDF-CONCEPTS11]</dt><dd>Richard Cyganiak and David Wood (eds.) RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/"><cite>RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax</cite></a>. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/">http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/</a>
+</dd></dl></div></div></body></html>
+
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/releases/CR-prov-dm-20121211/examples/w3c-publication1.provn	Mon Nov 19 16:16:15 2012 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+
+
+bundle ex:author-view
+
+prefix ex <http://example.org/>
+prefix w3  <http://www.w3.org/>
+prefix tr  <http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/>
+
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
+
+agent(ex:Luc,     [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+agent(ex:Paolo,   [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+agent(ex:Khalid,  [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+agent(ex:Stephen, [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+agent(ex:Yolanda, [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+agent(ex:Ryan,    [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+agent(ex:Paul,    [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+agent(ex:Graham,  [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+agent(ex:Jim,     [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+agent(ex:Simon,   [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+agent(ex:James,   [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+agent(ex:Satya,   [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+
+activity(ex:edit1,[prov:type="edit"])
+
+wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1)
+
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Luc, -,     [prov:role="editor"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Paolo, -,   [prov:role="editor"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Khalid, -,  [prov:role="contributor"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Stephen, -, [prov:role="contributor"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Yolanda, -, [prov:role="contributor"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Ryan, -,    [prov:role="contributor"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Paul, -,    [prov:role="contributor"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Graham, -,  [prov:role="contributor"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Jim, -,     [prov:role="contributor"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Simon, -,   [prov:role="contributor"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:James, -,   [prov:role="contributor"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Satya, -,   [prov:role="contributor"])
+
+endBundle
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/releases/CR-prov-dm-20121211/examples/w3c-publication2.provn	Mon Nov 19 16:16:15 2012 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+
+
+bundle ex:process-view
+
+prefix ex  <http://example.org/>
+
+prefix w3      <http://www.w3.org/>
+prefix tr      <http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/>
+prefix process <http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#>
+prefix email   <https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/>
+prefix chairs  <https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/chairs/>
+prefix trans   <http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#>
+prefix rec54   <http://www.w3.org/2001/02pd/rec54#>
+
+
+  entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, [ prov:type='rec54:WD' ])
+  entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type='rec54:WD' ])
+  entity(process:rec-advance,    [ prov:type='prov:Plan' ])
+
+
+  entity(chairs:2011OctDec/0004, [ prov:type='trans:transreq' ])
+  entity(email:2011Oct/0141,     [ prov:type='trans:pubreq' ])
+  entity(email:2011Dec/0111,     [ prov:type='trans:pubreq' ])
+
+
+  wasDerivedFrom(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018)
+
+
+  activity(ex:act1,-,-,[prov:type="publish"])
+  activity(ex:act2,-,-,[prov:type="publish"])
+
+  wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, ex:act1, -)
+  wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:act2, -)
+
+  used(ex:act1, chairs:2011OctDec/0004, -)
+  used(ex:act1, email:2011Oct/0141, -)
+  used(ex:act2, email:2011Dec/0111, -)
+
+  agent(w3:Consortium, [ prov:type='prov:Organization' ])
+
+  wasAssociatedWith(ex:act1, w3:Consortium, process:rec-advance)
+  wasAssociatedWith(ex:act2, w3:Consortium, process:rec-advance)
+
+endBundle
Binary file model/releases/CR-prov-dm-20121211/images/dm/components-dependencies.png has changed
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+++ b/model/releases/CR-prov-dm-20121211/images/dm/components-dependencies.svg	Mon Nov 19 16:16:15 2012 +0000
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--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/releases/CR-prov-dm-20121211/uml/Makefile	Mon Nov 19 16:16:15 2012 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+all: go1 go2 go3 go3b go4 go5 go6 go0 go-d
+
+go1:
+	inkscape --export-png=component1.png component1.svg
+go2:
+	inkscape --export-png=component2.png component2.svg
+go3:
+	inkscape --export-png=component3.png component3.svg
+go3b:
+	inkscape --export-png=Component3b.png Component3b.svg
+go4:
+	inkscape --export-png=component4.png component4.svg
+go5:
+	inkscape --export-png=component5.png component5.svg
+go6:
+	inkscape --export-png=component6.png component6.svg
+go0:
+	inkscape --export-png=essentials.png essentials.svg
+go-d:
+	inkscape --export-png=Component-Dictionary.png Component-Dictionary.svg
+
Binary file model/releases/CR-prov-dm-20121211/uml/component1.png has changed
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/releases/CR-prov-dm-20121211/uml/component1.svg	Mon Nov 19 16:16:15 2012 +0000
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--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/releases/CR-prov-n-20121211/Overview.html	Mon Nov 19 16:16:15 2012 +0000
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+<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
+<head> 
+    <title>PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</title> 
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> 
+    <!-- 
+      === NOTA BENE ===
+      For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
+      out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
+     -->
+<!-- PM -->
+    <style type="text/css">
+      .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
+table.thinborder {
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+	border-spacing: 0px;
+	border-style: none;
+	border-color: gray;
+	border-collapse: collapse;
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+	padding: 0px;
+	border-style: solid;
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+}
+table.thinborder td {
+	border-width: 1px;
+	padding: 2px;
+	border-style: solid;
+	border-color: gray;
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+
+    
+
+
+     
+     
+    
+    
+
+    
+
+    
+
+
+    
+
+     
+
+  <style type="text/css">
+/*****************************************************************
+ * ReSpec CSS
+ * Robin Berjon (robin at berjon dot com)
+ * v0.05 - 2009-07-31
+ *****************************************************************/
+
+
+/* --- INLINES --- */
+em.rfc2119 { 
+    text-transform:     lowercase;
+    font-variant:       small-caps;
+    font-style:         normal;
+    color:              #900;
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+
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+
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+    font-weight:    bold;
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+
+a.internalDFN {
+    color:  inherit;
+    border-bottom:  1px solid #99c;
+    text-decoration:    none;
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+
+a.externalDFN {
+    color:  inherit;
+    border-bottom:  1px dotted #ccc;
+    text-decoration:    none;
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+
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+    text-decoration:    none;
+}
+
+code {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+}
+
+
+/* --- WEB IDL --- */
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+    border-top: 1px solid #90b8de;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #90b8de;
+    padding:    1em;
+    line-height:    120%;
+}
+
+pre.idl::before {
+    content:    "WebIDL";
+    display:    block;
+    width:      150px;
+    background: #90b8de;
+    color:  #fff;
+    font-family:    initial;
+    padding:    3px;
+    font-weight:    bold;
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+}
+
+.idlType {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    text-decoration:    none;
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+
+/*.idlModule*/
+/*.idlModuleID*/
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+    color:  #ff4500;
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+    text-decoration: none;
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+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+.idlParamName {
+    font-style: italic;
+}
+
+.extAttr {
+    color:  #666;
+}
+
+/*.idlConst*/
+.idlConstType {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+.idlConstName {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+}
+.idlConstName a {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+    border-bottom:  1px dotted #ff4500;
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/*.idlException*/
+.idlExceptionID {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    color:  #c00;
+}
+
+.idlTypedefID, .idlTypedefType {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+
+.idlRaises, .idlRaises a.idlType, .idlRaises a.idlType code, .excName a, .excName a code {
+    color:  #c00;
+    font-weight:    normal;
+}
+
+.excName a {
+    font-family:    monospace;
+}
+
+.idlRaises a.idlType, .excName a.idlType {
+    border-bottom:  1px dotted #c00;
+}
+
+.excGetSetTrue, .excGetSetFalse, .prmNullTrue, .prmNullFalse, .prmOptTrue, .prmOptFalse {
+    width:  45px;
+    text-align: center;
+}
+.excGetSetTrue, .prmNullTrue, .prmOptTrue { color:  #0c0; }
+.excGetSetFalse, .prmNullFalse, .prmOptFalse { color:  #c00; }
+
+.idlImplements a {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+}
+
+dl.attributes, dl.methods, dl.constants, dl.fields, dl.dictionary-members {
+    margin-left:    2em;
+}
+
+.attributes dt, .methods dt, .constants dt, .fields dt, .dictionary-members dt {
+    font-weight:    normal;
+}
+
+.attributes dt code, .methods dt code, .constants dt code, .fields dt code, .dictionary-members dt code {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    color:  #000;
+    font-family:    monospace;
+}
+
+.attributes dt code, .fields dt code, .dictionary-members dt code {
+    background:  #ffffd2;
+}
+
+.attributes dt .idlAttrType code, .fields dt .idlFieldType code, .dictionary-members dt .idlMemberType code {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+    background:  transparent;
+    font-family:    inherit;
+    font-weight:    normal;
+    font-style: italic;
+}
+
+.methods dt code {
+    background:  #d9e6f8;
+}
+
+.constants dt code {
+    background:  #ddffd2;
+}
+
+.attributes dd, .methods dd, .constants dd, .fields dd, .dictionary-members dd {
+    margin-bottom:  1em;
+}
+
+table.parameters, table.exceptions {
+    border-spacing: 0;
+    border-collapse:    collapse;
+    margin: 0.5em 0;
+    width:  100%;
+}
+table.parameters { border-bottom:  1px solid #90b8de; }
+table.exceptions { border-bottom:  1px solid #deb890; }
+
+.parameters th, .exceptions th {
+    color:  #fff;
+    padding:    3px 5px;
+    text-align: left;
+    font-family:    initial;
+    font-weight:    normal;
+    text-shadow:    #666 1px 1px 0;
+}
+.parameters th { background: #90b8de; }
+.exceptions th { background: #deb890; }
+
+.parameters td, .exceptions td {
+    padding:    3px 10px;
+    border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
+    vertical-align: top;
+}
+
+.parameters tr:first-child td, .exceptions tr:first-child td {
+    border-top: none;
+}
+
+.parameters td.prmName, .exceptions td.excName, .exceptions td.excCodeName {
+    width:  100px;
+}
+
+.parameters td.prmType {
+    width:  120px;
+}
+
+table.exceptions table {
+    border-spacing: 0;
+    border-collapse:    collapse;
+    width:  100%;
+}
+
+/* --- TOC --- */
+.toc a {
+    text-decoration:    none;
+}
+
+a .secno {
+    color:  #000;
+}
+
+/* --- TABLE --- */
+table.simple {
+    border-spacing: 0;
+    border-collapse:    collapse;
+    border-bottom:  3px solid #005a9c;
+}
+
+.simple th {
+    background: #005a9c;
+    color:  #fff;
+    padding:    3px 5px;
+    text-align: left;
+}
+
+.simple th[scope="row"] {
+    background: inherit;
+    color:  inherit;
+    border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
+}
+
+.simple td {
+    padding:    3px 10px;
+    border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
+}
+
+.simple tr:nth-child(even) {
+    background: #f0f6ff;
+}
+
+/* --- DL --- */
+.section dd > p:first-child {
+    margin-top: 0;
+}
+
+.section dd > p:last-child {
+    margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+.section dd {
+    margin-bottom:  1em;
+}
+
+.section dl.attrs dd, .section dl.eldef dd {
+    margin-bottom:  0;
+}
+
+/* --- EXAMPLES --- */
+pre.example {
+    border-top: 1px solid #ff4500;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #ff4500;
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin-top: 1em;
+}
+
+pre.example::before {
+    content:    "Example";
+    display:    block;
+    width:      150px;
+    background: #ff4500;
+    color:  #fff;
+    font-family:    initial;
+    padding:    3px;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    margin: -1em 0 1em -1em;
+}
+
+/* --- EDITORIAL NOTES --- */
+.issue {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #ffc;
+}
+
+.issue::before {
+    content:    "Issue";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+.note {
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    padding:    1em;
+    border: 2px solid #cff6d9;
+    background: #e2fff0;
+}
+
+.note::before {
+    content:    "Note";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #cff6d9;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+/* --- Best Practices --- */
+div.practice {
+    border: solid #bebebe 1px;
+    margin: 2em 1em 1em 2em;
+}
+
+span.practicelab {
+    margin: 1.5em 0.5em 1em 1em;
+    font-weight: bold;
+    font-style: italic;
+}
+
+span.practicelab   { background: #dfffff; }
+
+span.practicelab {
+    position: relative;
+    padding: 0 0.5em;
+    top: -1.5em;
+}
+
+p.practicedesc {
+    margin: 1.5em 0.5em 1em 1em;
+}
+
+@media screen {
+    p.practicedesc {
+        position: relative;
+        top: -2em;
+        padding: 0;
+        margin: 1.5em 0.5em -1em 1em;
+    }
+}
+
+/* --- SYNTAX HIGHLIGHTING --- */
+pre.sh_sourceCode {
+  background-color: white;
+  color: black;
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: normal;
+}
+
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_keyword { color: #005a9c; font-weight: bold; }           /* language keywords */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_type { color: #666; }                            /* basic types */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_usertype { color: teal; }                             /* user defined types */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_string { color: red; font-family: monospace; }        /* strings and chars */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_regexp { color: orange; font-family: monospace; }     /* regular expressions */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_specialchar { color: 	#ffc0cb; font-family: monospace; }  /* e.g., \n, \t, \\ */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_comment { color: #A52A2A; font-style: italic; }         /* comments */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_number { color: purple; }                             /* literal numbers */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_preproc { color: #00008B; font-weight: bold; }       /* e.g., #include, import */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_symbol { color: blue; }                            /* e.g., *, + */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_function { color: black; font-weight: bold; }         /* function calls and declarations */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_cbracket { color: red; }                              /* block brackets (e.g., {, }) */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_todo { font-weight: bold; background-color: #00FFFF; }   /* TODO and FIXME */
+
+/* Predefined variables and functions (for instance glsl) */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_predef_var { color: #00008B; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_predef_func { color: #00008B; font-weight: bold; }
+
+/* for OOP */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_classname { color: teal; }
+
+/* line numbers (not yet implemented) */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_linenum { display: none; }
+
+/* Internet related */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_url { color: blue; text-decoration: underline; font-family: monospace; }
+
+/* for ChangeLog and Log files */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_date { color: blue; font-weight: bold; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_time, pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_file { color: #00008B; font-weight: bold; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_ip, pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_name { color: #006400; }
+
+/* for Prolog, Perl... */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_variable { color: #006400; }
+
+/* for LaTeX */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_italics { color: #006400; font-style: italic; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_bold { color: #006400; font-weight: bold; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_underline { color: #006400; text-decoration: underline; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_fixed { color: green; font-family: monospace; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_argument { color: #006400; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_optionalargument { color: purple; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_math { color: orange; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_bibtex { color: blue; }
+
+/* for diffs */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_oldfile { color: orange; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_newfile { color: #006400; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_difflines { color: blue; }
+
+/* for css */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_selector { color: purple; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_property { color: blue; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_value { color: #006400; font-style: italic; }
+
+/* other */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_section { color: black; font-weight: bold; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_paren { color: red; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_attribute { color: #006400; }
+
+</style>
+<style type="text/css">
+/* --- EDITORIAL NOTES --- */
+.pending {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #BFEFFF;
+}
+
+.pending::before {
+    content:    "Pending Review";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+
+
+.resolved {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #9BCD9B;
+}
+
+.resolved::before {
+    content:    "Resolved";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+.inference {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+
+.inference-example {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+/* .inference[id]::before { */
+/*     content:    "Inference: " attr(id); */
+/*     width:  380px;  /\* How can we compute the length of "Constraint: " attr(id) *\/ */
+/* } */
+
+
+/* .inference::before { */
+/*     content:    "Inference"; */
+/*     display:    block; */
+/*     width:  150px; */
+/*     margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0; */
+/*     font-weight:    bold; */
+/*     border: 1px solid #f00; */
+/*     background: #fff; */
+/*     padding:    3px 1em; */
+/* } */
+
+.syntax {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.syntax[id]::before {
+    content:    "Syntax: " attr(id);
+    width:  380px;  /* How can we compute the length of "Constraint: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.syntax::before {
+    content:    "Syntax";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+.unamedconstraint {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+
+.unamedconstraint::before {
+    content:    "Constraint";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+
+.constraint {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.constraint-example {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+/* .constraint[id]::before { */
+/*     content:    "Constraint: " attr(id); */
+/*     width:  380px;  /\* How can we compute the length of "Constraint: " attr(id) *\/ */
+/* } */
+
+
+/* .constraint::before { */
+/*     content:    "Constraint"; */
+/*     display:    block; */
+/*     width:  150px; */
+/*     margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0; */
+/*     font-weight:    bold; */
+/*     border: 1px solid #00f; */
+/*     background: #fff; */
+/*     padding:    3px 1em; */
+/* } */
+
+
+
+.interpretation {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.interpretation[id]::before {
+    content:    "Interpretation: " attr(id);
+    width:  380px;  /* How can we compute the length of "Interpretation: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.interpretation::before {
+    content:    "Interpretation";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+.definition {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #777;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.definition-example {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #777;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+/* .definition[id]::before { */
+/*     content:    "Definition: " attr(id); */
+/*     width:  380px;  */
+/* } */
+
+
+/* .definition::before { */
+/*     content:    "Definition"; */
+/*     display:    block; */
+/*     width:  150px; */
+/*     margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0; */
+/*     font-weight:    bold; */
+/*     border: 1px solid #000; */
+/*     background: #fff; */
+/*     padding:    3px 1em; */
+/* } */
+
+
+.deprecatedconstraint {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.deprecatedconstraint[id]::before {
+    content:    "Deprecated: " attr(id);
+    width:  380px;  /* How can we compute the length of "Deprecatedconstraint: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.deprecatedconstraint::before {
+    content:    "Deprecated";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+.glossary-ref {
+    font-style:    italic;
+}
+
+.dfn {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+}
+
+
+.attribute {
+    font-style: italic;
+}
+
+
+.conditional {
+    color: blue;
+}
+
+.grammar {
+    margin-top: 1ex;
+    margin-bottom: 1ex;
+    padding-left: 1ex;
+    padding-right: 1ex;
+    padding-top: 1ex;
+    padding-bottom: 0.6ex;
+    border: 1px dashed #2f6fab;
+    font-size: 95%;
+}
+.nonterminal {
+    font-weight: bold;
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+    font-size: 95%;
+}
+
+.name {
+    font-family: monospace;
+}
+
+.math {
+    font-family: roman;
+    font-style:italic;
+}
+
+
+.xmpl {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.xmpl::before {
+    content:    "Example";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+/*
+.anexample[count]::before {
+    content: "Example " attr(count) ;
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+    font-size: 1.6ex;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.anexample:before {
+    content: "Example:";
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+    font-size: 1.6ex;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+*/
+
+.anexample {
+    margin-top: 1ex;
+    margin-bottom: 1ex;
+    padding-left: 1ex;
+    padding-right: 1ex;
+    padding-top: 1ex;
+    padding-bottom: 0.6ex;
+    border: 1px dashed #2f6fab;
+    background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+.anexample table {
+    background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+
+.conceptexample:before {
+    content: "Example:";
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+    font-size: 1.6ex;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+.conceptexample {
+    margin-top: 1ex;
+    margin-bottom: 1ex;
+    padding-left: 1ex;
+    padding-right: 1ex;
+    padding-top: 1ex;
+    padding-bottom: 0.6ex;
+    border: 1px dashed #2f6fab;
+    background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+
+.pnExpression {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:120%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="name"]:before {
+    content: "'";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="name"]:after {
+    content: "'";
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="optional"]:before {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="optional"]:after {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: ")?";
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="plus"]:before {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="plus"]:after {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: ")+";
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="star"]:before {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="star"]:after {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: ")*";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="choice"]:before {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="choice"]:after {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: ")";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="group"]:before {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="group"]:after {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: ")";
+}
+
+table {
+    background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+
+.component1-color {
+ background-color: rgba(255,42,42,0.2);
+}
+
+.component2-color {
+ background-color: rgba(0,68,170,0.2);
+}
+
+.component3-color {
+ background-color: rgba(0,170,0,0.2);
+}
+.component4-color {
+ background-color: rgba(204,255,0,0.2);
+}
+
+.component5-color {
+ background-color: rgba(11,40,40,0.2);
+}
+
+.component6-color {
+ background-color: rgba(244,105,14,0.2);
+}
+
+.interpretation-forward::before {
+    content:    "Interpretation: ";
+    font-weight:    bold;
+}
+
+.structural-forward::before {
+    content:    "Structural constraint: ";
+    font-weight:    bold;
+}
+
+
+code {
+    color:  black;
+}
+
+.ruleTitle {
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+    font-size: 1.6ex;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+
+
+
+.remark {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px dashed #000;
+    background: #F0F0F0;
+}
+
+.remark::before {
+    content:    "Remark";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #000;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+table.thinborder {
+	border-width: 1px;
+	border-spacing: 0px;
+	border-style: none;
+	border-color: gray;
+	border-collapse: collapse;
+}
+table.thinborder th {
+	border-width: 1px;
+	padding: 0px;
+	border-style: solid;
+	border-color: gray;
+}
+table.thinborder td {
+	border-width: 1px;
+	padding: 2px;
+	border-style: solid;
+	border-color: gray;
+}
+
+
+</style>
+  <link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-CR" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" charset="utf-8"></head> 
+
+  <body style="display: inherit; "><div class="head"><p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img width="72" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" alt="W3C"></a></p><h1 class="title" id="title">PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</h1><h2 id="w3c-candidate-recommendation-11-december-2012"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Candidate Recommendation 11 December 2012</h2><dl><dt>This version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/</a></dd><dt>Latest published version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a></dd><dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt><dd><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html</a></dd><dt>Previous version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/</a></dd><dt>Editors:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/">Luc Moreau</a>, University of Southampton</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier">Paolo Missier</a>, Newcastle University</dd>
+<dt>Contributors:</dt><dd><a href="http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jcheney/">James Cheney</a>, University of Edinburgh</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://soiland-reyes.com/stian/">Stian Soiland-Reyes</a>, University of Manchester</dd>
+</dl><p class="copyright"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> © 2012 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym></a><sup>®</sup> (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.</p><hr></div> 
+    <div id="abstract" class="introductory section"><h2>Abstract</h2>
+
+<p>
+Provenance is information about entities, activities, and people
+involved in producing a piece of data or thing, which can be used
+ to form assessments about its quality, reliability or trustworthiness.
+PROV-DM is the conceptual data model that forms a basis for the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>
+provenance (PROV) family of specifications.
+PROV-DM distinguishes core structures, forming the essence of provenance information, from
+extended structures catering for more specific uses of provenance. 
+PROV-DM is organized in six components, respectively dealing with: 
+(1) entities and activities, and the time at which they were created, used, or ended;
+(2) derivations of entities from entities;
+(3) agents bearing responsibility for entities that were generated and activities that happened;
+(4) a notion of bundle, a mechanism to support provenance of provenance; and,
+(5) properties to link entities that refer to the same thing;
+(6) collections forming a logical structure for its members.
+</p>
+<p>To provide examples of the PROV data model, the PROV notation (PROV-N) is introduced: aimed at human consumption, PROV-N allows serializations of PROV
+instances to be created in a compact manner. PROV-N facilitates the
+mapping of the PROV data model to concrete syntax, and is used as the basis for a
+formal semantics of PROV.  The purpose of this document is to define the PROV-N notation.
+</p>
+    </div><div id="sotd" class="introductory section"><h2>Status of This Document</h2><p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> technical reports index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em></p>
+<h4 id="prov-family-of-documents">PROV Family of Documents</h4>
+This document is part of the PROV family of documents, a set of documents defining various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
+interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web.  These documents are:
+<ul>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/">PROV-OVERVIEW</a> (Note), an overview of the PROV family of documents [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">PROV-OVERVIEW</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/">PROV-PRIMER</a> (Note), a primer for the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-PRIMER">PROV-PRIMER</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/">PROV-O</a> (Recommendation), the PROV ontology, an OWL2 ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/">PROV-DM</a> (Recommendation), the PROV data model for provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/">PROV-N</a> (Recommendation), a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption  (this document);</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a> (Recommendation), a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/">PROV-AQ</a> (Note), the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>]; </li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/">PROV-XML</a> (Note),  an XML schema for the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>].</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h4 id="how-to-read-the-prov-family-of-specifications">How to read the PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>The primer is the entry point to PROV offering an introduction to the provenance model.</li>
+<li>The Linked Data and Semantic Web community should focus on PROV-O defining PROV classes and properties specified in an OWL2 ontology. For further details, PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS specify the constraints applicable to the data model, and its interpretation. <!--PROV-SEM provides a mathematical semantics.--></li>
+<!-- <li>The XML community should focus on PROV-XML defining an XML schema for PROV. Further details can also be found in PROV-DM, PROV-CONSTRAINTS, and PROV-SEM.</li> -->
+<li>Developers seeking to retrieve or publish provenance should focus on PROV-AQ.</li>
+<li>Readers seeking to implement other PROV serializations
+should focus on PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS.  PROV-O and PROV-N offer examples of mapping to RDF and text, respectively.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/">Provenance Working Group</a> as a Candidate Recommendation. This document is intended to become a <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation. If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to <a href="mailto:public-prov-comments@w3.org">public-prov-comments@w3.org</a> (<a href="mailto:public-prov-comments-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>, <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/">archives</a>). <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> publishes a Candidate Recommendation to indicate that the document is believed to be stable and to encourage implementation by the developer community. This Candidate Recommendation is expected to advance to Proposed Recommendation no earlier than 31 January 2013. All feedback is welcome.</p><p>Publication as a Candidate Recommendation does not imply endorsement by the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.</p><p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>. <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>.</p></div><div id="toc" class="section"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#introduction" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#purpose" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.1 </span>Purpose of this Document and Target Audience</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#compliance-with-this-document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.2 </span>Compliance with this Document</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#structure-of-this-document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.3 </span>Structure of this Document</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#notational-conventions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.4 </span>Notational Conventions</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#general-conventions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>General grammar considerations</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#functional-syntax" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1 </span>Functional-style Syntax</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#grammar-notation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2 </span>EBNF Grammar</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#main-productions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Main Productions</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-n-optionals" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.4 </span>Optional terms in expressions</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-n-standard-terms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.5 </span>Identifiers and attributes</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#comments" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.6 </span>Comments</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-n-expressions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>PROV-N Productions per Component</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#component1" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1 </span>Component 1: Entities and Activities</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Entity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.1 </span>Entity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Activity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.2 </span>Activity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Generation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.3 </span>Generation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Usage" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.4 </span>Usage</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-wasInformedBy" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.5 </span>Communication</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Start" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.6 </span>Start</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-End" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.7 </span>End</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Invalidation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.8 </span>Invalidation</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component2" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2 </span>Component 2: Derivations</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#Derivation-Relation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.1 </span>Derivation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Revision" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.2 </span>Revision</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-quotation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.3 </span>Quotation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-primary-source" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.4 </span>Primary Source</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component3" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3 </span>Component 3: Agents, Responsibility, and Influence</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Agent" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.1 </span>Agent</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-attribution" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.2 </span>Attribution</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Association" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.3 </span>Association</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-delegation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.4 </span>Delegation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-influence" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.5 </span>Influence</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component4" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.4 </span>Component 4: Bundles</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-bundle-constructor" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.4.1 </span>Bundle Constructor</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-bundle-type" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.4.2 </span>Bundle Type</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component5" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.5 </span>Component 5: Alternate Entities</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-alternate" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.5.1 </span>Alternate</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-specialization" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.5.2 </span>Specialization</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component6" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.6 </span>Component 6: Collections</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-collection" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.6.1 </span>Collection</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-collection-membership" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.6.2 </span>Membership</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#subexpressions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7 </span>Further Expressions</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-identifier" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.1 </span>Identifier</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-attribute" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.2 </span>Attribute</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-literal" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.3 </span>Literal</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-types" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.3.1 </span>Reserved Type Values</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Time" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.3.2 </span>Time Values</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-NamespaceDeclaration" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.4 </span>Namespace Declaration</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#semantic-rules-summary" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.5 </span>Summary of additional semantic rules</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span>Document</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#extensibility" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5. </span>Extensibility</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#media-type" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">6. </span>Media Type</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#changes-since-last-version" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A. </span>Changes since last version</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B. </span>Acknowledgements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C. </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C.1 </span>Normative references</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C.2 </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></div> 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div id="introduction" class="section"> 
+<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</h2>
+
+<p> Provenance is a record that describes the people,
+institutions, entities, and activities, involved in producing,
+influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a thing in the world.  Two
+companion specifications respectively define PROV-DM, a data model for
+provenance, allowing provenance descriptions to be expressed  [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>]  and a set of constraints that provenance descriptions are expected to satisfy   [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>].
+</p>
+
+<div id="purpose" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">1.1 </span>Purpose of this Document and Target Audience</h3>
+
+A key goal of PROV is the specification of a machine-processable data model for provenance. However, communicating provenance between humans is also important when teaching, illustrating, formalizing, and discussing provenance-related issues. 
+
+<!-- As such, representations of PROV-DM are available in RDF and XML. -->
+
+With these two requirements in mind, this document introduces PROV-N, the PROV notation, a syntax designed to  write instances of the PROV data model according to the following design principles:
+<ul>
+<li>Technology independence. PROV-N provides a simple syntax that can be mapped to several technologies.
+
+</li><li>Human readability. PROV-N follows a functional syntax style that is meant to be easily human-readable so it can be used in illustrative examples, such as those presented in the PROV documents suite
+
+</li><li>Formality. PROV-N is defined through a formal grammar amenable to be used with parser generators.
+
+ </li></ul>
+  
+PROV-N has several known uses:
+<ul>
+<li> It is the notation used in the examples found in  [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>], as well as in the definition of PROV constraints [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>]; </li>
+<li>  It is a source language for the encoding of PROV data model instances into a variety of target languages, including amongst others  RDF [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-RDF">PROV-RDF</a></cite>] and XML [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>]; </li>
+<li> It provides the basis for a formal semantics of the PROV data model  [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-SEM">PROV-SEM</a></cite>], in which an interpretation is given to each element of the PROV-N language.
+</li></ul>
+
+<p>This document introduces the PROV-N grammar along with examples of its usage.</p>
+<p>Its target audience is twofold:
+</p><ul>
+<li>Developers of provenance management applications, as well as implementors of new PROV data model encodings, and thus in particular of PROV-N parsers. These readers may be interested in the entire structure of the grammar, starting from the top level nonterminal 
+<code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-document">document</a></code>.</li>
+<li>Readers of the  [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] and of  [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>] documents, who are interested in the details of the formal language underpinning the notation used in the examples and in the definition of the constraints. Those readers may find the  <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></code> nonterminal a useful entry point into the grammar.</li>
+</ul>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="compliance-with-this-document" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">1.2 </span>Compliance with this Document</h3>
+
+
+<p>For the purpose of compliance, all sections of this document are normative, except 
+<a href="#changes-since-last-version">Appendix A</a>, 
+<a href="#acknowledgements">Appendix B</a>,  and
+<a href="#informative-references">Appendix C.2</a>.
+</p><ul>
+<li> Information in tables is normative. </li>
+<li> Text in boxes labeled "Example" is informative.
+</li><li> Productions (displayed in boxes) are normative, as opposed to the separate <a href="grammar.txt">file</a> grouping  all productions for convenience of programmers, which is informative.
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+
+
+    <div id="structure-of-this-document" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">1.3 </span>Structure of this Document</h3>
+
+<p>This document is structured as follows.
+
+</p><p><a href="#general-conventions">Section 2</a> provides general consideration about the PROV-N grammar.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#prov-n-expressions">Section 3</a> presents the grammar of all expressions of the language grouped according to the PROV data model components.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#document">Section 4</a> defines the grammar of document, a house-keeping construct of PROV-N capable of packaging up PROV-N expressions and namespace declarations.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#extensibility">Section 5</a> defines the extensibility mechanism for the PROV-N notation.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#media-type">Section 6</a> defines media type for the PROV-N notation.</p>
+
+
+    </div> 
+
+
+<div id="notational-conventions" class="section">
+ <h3><span class="secno">1.4 </span>Notational Conventions</h3>
+
+<!--
+<p>The PROV namespace is <span class="name">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</span> with prefix <span class="name">prov:</span>.</p>
+
+<p> All the elements, predicates, reserved names and attributes introduced in this specification belong to the PROV namespace.</p>
+</section>
+
+<section id="conventions"> 
+<h3>Conventions</h3>
+
+-->
+
+<p>The key words "<em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="must not">must not</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="required">required</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="shall">shall</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="shall
+      not">shall
+      not</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="should">should</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="should not">should not</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="recommended">recommended</em>",  "<em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em>", and
+      "<em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em>" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
+      [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC2119">RFC2119</a></cite>].</p>
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+The following namespaces prefixes are used throughout this document.
+
+</p><div style="text-align: left;">
+<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="namespace-table">Table 1: Prefix and Namespaces used in this specification</caption>
+<tbody><tr><td><a><b>prefix</b></a></td><td><b>namespace uri</b></td> <td><b>definition</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>prov</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</td><td>The PROV namespace (see Section <a href="#expression-NamespaceDeclaration">3.7.4</a>)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>xsd</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema#</td><td>XML Schema Namespace [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">XMLSCHEMA11-2</a></cite>]</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>(others)</a></td><td>(various)</td><td>All other namespace prefixes are used in examples only. <br> In particular, URIs starting with "http://example.com" represent<br> some application-dependent URI [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-URI">URI</a></cite>]</td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+</div> 
+
+</div> 
+
+<div id="general-conventions" class="section">
+<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">2. </span>General grammar considerations</h2>
+
+<p>For convenience, all productions presented in this document have been grouped in a
+separate <a href="grammar.txt">file</a>.</p>
+
+<div id="functional-syntax" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">2.1 </span>Functional-style Syntax</h3>
+
+<p> PROV-N adopts a functional-style syntax consisting of a predicate name and an ordered list of terms.</p>
+
+<p>
+All PROV data model types have an identifier. Furthermore, some expressions also admit additional elements that further characterize it. </p>
+<div class="anexample" id="example_1"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_1">Example 1</a></div>
+<p>The following expression should be read as "entity <span class="name">e1</span>". 
+</p><pre class="codeexample">entity(e1)
+</pre>
+  </div>
+<div class="anexample" id="example_2"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_2">Example 2</a></div>
+<p>The following expression should be read as "activity <span class="name">a2</span>, which occurred
+between <code>2011-11-16T16:00:00</code> and <code>2011-11-16T16:00:01</code>". 
+</p><pre class="codeexample">entity(e1)
+activity(a2, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, 2011-11-16T16:00:01)
+</pre>
+  </div>
+
+<p>
+All PROV data model relations involve two primary elements, the <em>subject</em> and the <em>object</em>, in this order. Furthermore, some expressions also admit additional elements that further characterize it.
+</p><div class="anexample" id="example_3"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_3">Example 3</a></div>
+<p>The following expression should be read as "<span class="name">e2</span> was derived from <span class="name">e1</span>". Here <span class="name">e2</span> is the subject, and  <span class="name">e1</span> is the object.
+</p><pre class="codeexample">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1)
+</pre>
+  </div>
+  
+<div class="anexample" id="example_4"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_4">Example 4</a></div>
+<p>The following expression expands the above derivation relation by providing
+additional elements the optional activity <span class="name">a</span>, the generation <span class="name">g2</span>, and the usage <span class="name">u1</span>:
+</p><pre class="codeexample">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="grammar-notation" class="section">
+<h3><span class="secno">2.2 </span>EBNF Grammar</h3>
+
+<p>The grammar is specified using a subset of the Extended Backus-Naur
+Form (EBNF) notation, as defined in Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.1
+[<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XML11">XML11</a></cite>] section <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816/#sec-notation">6
+Notation</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The text below provides an introduction to the EBNF notation used in
+this document.</p>
+
+
+<p>
+  EBNF specifies a series of production rules (<dfn id="dfn-production">production</dfn>). 
+A production rule in the grammar defines a symbol 
+ <code class="grammarRef">expr</code>  (<dfn id="dfn-nonterminal-symbol">nonterminal symbol</dfn>)
+  using the following form:</p>
+
+
+<div class="grammar">
+ <code class="grammarRef">expr</code> &nbsp;::= <em>term</em>
+</div>
+<p>Symbols are written with an initial capital letter if they are the start symbol of a regular language, otherwise with an initial lowercase letter. 
+A production rule in the grammar defines a symbol 
+ <code class="grammarRef">&lt;TERMINAL&gt;</code>  (<dfn id="dfn-terminal-symbol">terminal symbol</dfn>)
+  using the following form:</p>
+<div class="grammar">
+ <code class="grammarRef">&lt;TERMINAL&gt;</code> &nbsp;::= <em>term</em>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<p>Within the term on the right-hand side of a rule, the following
+<em>term</em>s are used to match strings of one or more characters:
+</p><ul>
+<li> 
+ <code class="grammarRef">expr</code>: matches production for nonterminal symbol <code class="grammarRef">expr</code>
+</li>
+
+
+<li> 
+ <code class="grammarRef">TERMINAL</code>: matches production for terminal symbol <code class="grammarRef">TERMINAL</code>
+</li>
+
+<li> 
+ <code class="grammarRef">"abc"</code>: matches the literal string inside the single quotes.
+</li>
+
+
+<li> 
+ <code class="grammarRef">(term)?</code>: optional, matches <em>term</em> or nothing.
+</li>
+
+<li> 
+ <code class="grammarRef">(term)+</code>: matches one or more occurrences of <em>term</em>.
+</li>
+
+<li> 
+ <code class="grammarRef">(term)*</code>: matches zero or more occurrences of <em>term</em>.
+</li>
+
+<li> 
+ <code class="grammarRef">(term | term)</code>: matches one of the two <em>terms</em>.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+<p>Where suitable, the PROV-N grammar reuses production and terminal names of the SPARQL grammar [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-SPARQL-QUERY">RDF-SPARQL-QUERY</a></cite>].</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="main-productions" class="section">
+<h3><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Main Productions</h3>
+
+<p>Two productions are entry points to the grammar.</p>
+
+<p>The production <code class="grammarRef"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></code>
+provides the structure for the <em>core expressions</em> of PROV-N. 
+
+
+
+
+</p><table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-expression" name="prod-expression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">2</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">expression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-entityExpression">entityExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-activityExpression">activityExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-generationExpression">generationExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-usageExpression">usageExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-startExpression">startExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-endExpression">endExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-invalidationExpression">invalidationExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-communicationExpression">communicationExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agentExpression">agentExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-associationExpression">associationExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-attributionExpression">attributionExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-delegationExpression">delegationExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-derivationExpression">derivationExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-influenceExpression">influenceExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-alternateExpression">alternateExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-specializationExpression">specializationExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-membershipExpression">membershipExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityExpression">extensibilityExpression</a></span> )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>Each of the symbols included in <code>expression</code> above, i.e., <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-entityExpression">entityExpression</a></code>,  <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-activityExpression">activityExpression</a></code> etc., corresponds to one concept (e.g., Entity, Activity, etc.) of the PROV data model.</p>
+
+
+<p>Alternatively,  the production rule <code><a href="#prod-document"><span class="grammarRef">document</span></a></code>
+provides the overall structure of PROV-N descriptions.  It is a wrapper  for
+ a set of expressions, such that the text for an element matches the corresponding <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></code> production,  and some namespace declarations.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="prov-n-optionals" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">2.4 </span>Optional terms in expressions</h3>
+
+Some terms in an expression may be optional. For example:
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_5"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_5">Example 5</a></div>
+<pre class="codeexample">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1)
+</pre>
+In a derivation expression, the activity, generation, and usage are optional terms. They are specified in the first derivation, but not in the second.
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_6"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_6">Example 6</a></div>
+<pre class="codeexample">activity(a2, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, 2011-11-16T16:00:01)
+activity(a1)
+</pre>
+The start and end times for an activity are optional. They are specified in the first expression, but not in the second.
+</div>
+
+<p>The general rule for optionals is that, if <em>none</em> of the optionals are used in the expression, then they are simply omitted, resulting in a simpler expression as in the examples above.</p>
+However, it may be the case that only some of the optional terms are omitted. Because the position of the terms in the expression matters, an additional marker must be used to indicate that a particular term is not available. The symbol  <span class="name">'-'</span> is used for this purpose.
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_7"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_7">Example 7</a></div>
+<p>In the first expression below, all optionals are specified. However in the second and third, only one optional is specified, forcing the use of the marker for the missing terms. 
+
+</p><pre class="codeexample">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, -, -, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, -, -)
+</pre>
+</div>
+Note that the more succinct form is just shorthand for a complete expression with all the markers specified:
+<div class="anexample" id="example_8"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_8">Example 8</a></div>
+<pre class="codeexample">activity(a1)
+activity(a1, -, -)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="prov-n-standard-terms" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">2.5 </span>Identifiers and attributes</h3>
+
+<p>Almost all expressions defined in the grammar include an identifier (see <a href="#expression-identifier">Section 3.7.1</a> for the full syntax of identifiers). Most expressions
+can aslo include a set of attribute-value pairs, delimited by square brackets. Identifiers are optional except for Entities, Activites, and Agents. Identifiers are always the first term in any expression.  <em>Optional</em> identifiers <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be separated using a semi-colon ';', but where the identifiers are required, a regular comma ',' <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be used. This makes it possible to completely omit an optional identifier with no ambiguity arising. Also, if the set of attribute-value pairs is present, it is always the last term in any expression.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_9"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_9">Example 9</a></div>
+<p>Derivation has an optional identifier. In the first expression, the identifier is not available, while it is explicit in the second. The third example shows that one can optionally indicate the missing identifier using the <span class="name">-</span> marker. This is equivalent to the first expression. </p>
+<pre class="codeexample">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1)
+wasDerivedFrom(d; e2, e1)
+wasDerivedFrom(-; e2, e1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+Lack of attributes can be equivalently expressed by omitting the list, or by using an empty list.
+
+<!-- Expressions with no attributes A distinction is made between expressions with no attributes, and expressions that include an empty list of attributes.  -->
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_10"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_10">Example 10</a></div>
+<p>The first and second activity expressions do not speciy any attributes, and are equivalent.
+<!-- does not have any attributes. The second has an empty list of attributes. -->
+The third activity expression specifies two attributes. 
+</p><pre class="codeexample">activity(ex:a1)
+activity(ex:a1, [])
+activity(ex:a1, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="comments" class="section">
+<h3><span class="secno">2.6 </span>Comments</h3>
+
+
+Comments in PROV-N take two forms:
+<ul>
+<li> '//'  outside an <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rIRI_REF">IRI_REF</a></code> or <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-STRING_LITERAL">STRING_LITERAL</a></code>; such comments continue to the end of line (marked by characters U+000D or U+000A) or end of file if there is no end of line after the comment marker. 
+
+</li><li> '/*' ... '*/', outside an <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rIRI_REF">IRI_REF</a></code> or <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-STRING_LITERAL">STRING_LITERAL</a></code>.
+</li></ul>
+<p>Comments are treated as white space.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="prov-n-expressions" class="section"> 
+<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">3. </span>PROV-N Productions per Component</h2>
+
+<p>This section  introduces grammar productions for each expression, followed by small examples of expressions illustrating the grammar. Strings conforming to the grammar are valid expressions in the PROV-N language.</p>
+
+<div id="component1" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">3.1 </span>Component 1: Entities and Activities</h3>
+
+<div id="expression-Entity" class="section"> 
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.1 </span>Entity</h4>
+
+
+<p>
+
+</p><table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-entityExpression" name="prod-entityExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">3</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">entityExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"entity" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs" name="prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs"></a>[<span class="prodNo">4</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">optionalAttributeValuePairs</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( "," "[" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-attributeValuePairs">attributeValuePairs</a></span> "]" )?</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-attributeValuePairs" name="prod-attributeValuePairs"></a>[<span class="prodNo">5</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">attributeValuePairs</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">(  | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-attributeValuePair">attributeValuePair</a></span> ( "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-attributeValuePair">attributeValuePair</a></span> )* )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-attributeValuePair" name="prod-attributeValuePair"></a>[<span class="prodNo">6</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">attributeValuePair</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-attribute">attribute</a></span> "=" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-literal">literal</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Entity maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-entity">Entity</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#entity.id"><span class="attribute" id="entity.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#entity.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="entity.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_11"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_11">Example 11</a></div>
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document" ])
+</pre>
+  Here <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is the entity identifier, and <span class="name">[ prov:type="document" ]</span> groups the optional attributes, only one in this example,  with their values.
+  <pre class="codeexample"><!-- entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version=2 ]) -->
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215)
+</pre>
+Here, the optional attributes are absent.
+</div>
+
+
+
+</div> 
+<div id="expression-Activity" class="section"> 
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.2 </span>Activity</h4>
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-activityExpression" name="prod-activityExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">7</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">activityExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"activity" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span> ( "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></span> )? <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-timeOrMarker" name="prod-timeOrMarker"></a>[<span class="prodNo">8</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">timeOrMarker</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-time">time</a></span> | "-" )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Activity maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-activity">Activity</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#activity.id"><span class="attribute" id="activity.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#activity.startTime"><span class="attribute" id="activity.startTime">startTime</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#activity.endTime"><span class="attribute" id="activity.endTime">endTime</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#activity.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="activity.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_12"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_12">Example 12</a></div>
+<pre class="codeexample">activity(ex:a10, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, 2011-11-16T16:00:01, [prov:type="createFile"])
+</pre>
+<p>Here <span class="name">ex:a10</span> is the  activity identifier, <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> and <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:01</span> are the optional start and end times for the activity, and <span class="name">[prov:type="createFile"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+<pre class="codeexample">activity(ex:a10)
+activity(ex:a10, -, -)
+activity(ex:a10, -, -, [prov:type="edit"])
+activity(ex:a10, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+activity(ex:a10, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, -)
+activity(ex:a10, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, -, [prov:type="createFile"])
+activity(ex:a10, [prov:type="edit"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+<div id="expression-Generation" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.3 </span>Generation</h4>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-generationExpression" name="prod-generationExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">9</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">generationExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"wasGeneratedBy" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> ( "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></span> )? <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-optionalIdentifier" name="prod-optionalIdentifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo">10</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">optionalIdentifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifierOrMarker">identifierOrMarker</a></span> ";" )?</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-identifierOrMarker" name="prod-identifierOrMarker"></a>[<span class="prodNo">11</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">identifierOrMarker</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span> | "-" )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+</table>
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Generation maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasgeneratedby">Generation</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.id"><span class="attribute" id="generation.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.entity"><span class="attribute" id="generation.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.activity"><span class="attribute" id="generation.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.time"><span class="attribute" id="generation.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="generation.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_13"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_13">Example 13</a></div>
+
+<pre class="codeexample">wasGeneratedBy(ex:g1; tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00,  [ex:fct="save"])
+</pre>
+<p>  Here <span class="name">ex:g1</span> is the optional generation identifier, <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is the identifier of the entity being generated,
+  <span class="name">ex:edit1</span> is the optional identifier of the generating activity, <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> is the optional generation time, and <span class="name"> [ex:fct="save"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+  
+<pre class="codeexample">wasGeneratedBy(e2, a1, -)
+wasGeneratedBy(e2, a1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasGeneratedBy(e2, a1, -, [ex:fct="save"])     
+wasGeneratedBy(e2, [ex:fct="save"])     
+wasGeneratedBy(ex:g1; e)
+wasGeneratedBy(ex:g1; e, a, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>Additional semantic rules (<a href="#semantic-rules-summary">Section 3.7.5</a>) apply to <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-generationExpression">generationExpression</a></code>.</p>
+
+<!--
+<p><strong>Note:</strong> Even though the production  allows for expressions <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2, -, -)</span>  and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(-; e2, -, -)</span>, these expressions are not valid in PROV-N, since at least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.id"><span class='attribute'>id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.activity"><span class='attribute'>activity</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.time"><span class='attribute'>time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.attributes"><span class='attribute'>attributes</span></a> MUST be present.</p>
+-->
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="expression-Usage" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.4 </span>Usage</h4>
+
+<table class="grammar">
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-usageExpression" name="prod-usageExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">12</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">usageExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"used" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></span> ( "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></span> )? <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Usage maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-used">Usage</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.id"><span class="attribute" id="usage.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.activity"><span class="attribute" id="usage.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.entity"><span class="attribute" id="usage.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.time"><span class="attribute" id="usage.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="usage.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_14"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_14">Example 14</a></div>
+  
+<pre class="codeexample">used(ex:u1; ex:act2, ar3:0111, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:fct="load"])
+ </pre>
+<p>  Here <span class="name">ex:u1</span> is the optional usage identifier,  <span class="name">ex:act2</span> is the identifier of the using activity,
+  <span class="name">ar3:0111</span> is the identifier of the entity being used,
+ <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> is the optional usage time, and <span class="name"> [ex:fct="load"]</span> are optional attributes.</p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+  <pre class="codeexample">used(ex:act2)
+used(ex:act2, ar3:0111, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+used(a1,e1, -, [ex:fct="load"])
+used(ex:u1; ex:act2, ar3:0111, -)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>Additional semantic rules (<a href="#semantic-rules-summary">Section 3.7.5</a>) apply to <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-usageExpression">usageExpression</a></code>.</p>
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="expression-wasInformedBy" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.5 </span>Communication</h4>
+
+<table class="grammar">
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-communicationExpression" name="prod-communicationExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">13</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">communicationExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"wasInformedBy" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+</table>
+
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Communication maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasinformedby">Communication</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#communication.id"><span class="attribute" id="communication.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#communication.informed"><span class="attribute" id="communication.informed">informed</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#communication.informant"><span class="attribute" id="communication.informant">informant</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#communication.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="communication.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_15"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_15">Example 15</a></div>
+<pre class="codeexample">wasInformedBy(ex:inf1; ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+</pre>
+<p>  Here <span class="name">ex:inf1</span> is the optional communication identifier,  <span class="name">ex:a1</span> is the identifier of the informed activity,
+  <span class="name">ex:a2</span> is the identifier of the informant activity,
+and <span class="name">[ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+<pre class="codeexample">wasInformedBy(ex:a1, ex:a2)
+wasInformedBy(ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+wasInformedBy(i; ex:a1, ex:a2)
+wasInformedBy(i; ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div id="expression-Start" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.6 </span>Start</h4>
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-startExpression" name="prod-startExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">14</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">startExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"wasStartedBy" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></span> ( "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></span> )? <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Start maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasstartedby">Start</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.id"><span class="attribute" id="start.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.activity"><span class="attribute" id="start.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.trigger"><span class="attribute" id="start.trigger">trigger</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.starter"><span class="attribute" id="start.starter">starter</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.time"><span class="attribute" id="start.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="start.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_16"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_16">Example 16</a></div>
+
+  <pre class="codeexample">wasStartedBy(start; ex:act2, ex:trigger, ex:act1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:param="a"])
+  </pre>
+  <p>Here <span class="name">start</span> is the optional start identifier,  <span class="name">ex:act2</span> is the identifier of the started activity,
+  <span class="name">ex:trigger</span> is the optional identifier for the entity that triggered the activity start,
+   <span class="name">ex:act1</span> is the optional identifier for the activity that generated the (possibly unspecified) entity   <span class="name">ex:trigger</span>,
+ <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> is the optional start time, and <span class="name"> [ex:param="a"]</span> are optional attributes.</p>
+  The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+  
+  <pre class="codeexample">wasStartedBy(ex:act2, -, ex:act1, -)
+wasStartedBy(ex:act2, -, ex:act1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasStartedBy(ex:act2, -, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasStartedBy(ex:act2, [ex:param="a"])
+wasStartedBy(start; ex:act2, e, ex:act1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Additional semantic rules (<a href="#semantic-rules-summary">Section 3.7.5</a>) apply to <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-startExpression">startExpression</a></code>.</p>
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="expression-End" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.7 </span>End</h4>
+
+<table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-endExpression" name="prod-endExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">15</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">endExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"wasEndedBy" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></span> ( "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></span> )? <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM End maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasendedby">End</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.id"><span class="attribute" id="end.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.activity"><span class="attribute" id="end.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.trigger"><span class="attribute" id="end.trigger">trigger</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.ender"><span class="attribute" id="end.ender">ender</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.time"><span class="attribute" id="end.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="end.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_17"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_17">Example 17</a></div>
+
+    <pre class="codeexample">wasEndedBy(end; ex:act2, ex:trigger,ex:act3,  2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:param="a"])
+  </pre>
+<p>  Here <span class="name">end</span> is the optional end identifier,  
+<span class="name">ex:act2</span> is the identifier of the ending activity,
+  <span class="name">ex:trigger</span> is the identifier of the entity that triggered the activity end,
+  <span class="name">ex:act3</span> is the optional identifier for the activity that generated the (possibly unspecified) entity   <span class="name">ex:trigger</span>,
+ <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> is the optional usage time, and <span class="name"> [ex:param="a"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+  
+<pre class="codeexample">wasEndedBy(ex:act2, ex:trigger, -, -)
+wasEndedBy(ex:act2, ex:trigger, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasEndedBy(ex:act2, -, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasEndedBy(ex:act2, -, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:param="a"])
+wasEndedBy(end; ex:act2)
+wasEndedBy(end; ex:act2, ex:trigger, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Additional semantic rules (<a href="#semantic-rules-summary">Section 3.7.5</a>) apply to <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-endExpression">endExpression</a></code>.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div id="expression-Invalidation" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.8 </span>Invalidation</h4>
+
+
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-invalidationExpression" name="prod-invalidationExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">16</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">invalidationExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"wasInvalidatedBy" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> ( "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></span> )? <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Invalidation maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasinvalidatedby">Invalidation</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.id"><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.entity"><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.activity"><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.time"><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_18"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_18">Example 18</a></div>
+
+<pre class="codeexample">wasInvalidatedBy(ex:inv; tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00,  [ex:fct="save"])
+</pre>
+<p>  Here <span class="name">ex:inv</span> is the optional invalidation identifier, <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is the identifier of the entity being invalidated,
+  <span class="name">ex:edit1</span> is the optional identifier of the invalidating activity, <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> is the optional invalidation time, and <span class="name"> [ex:fct="save"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+  
+<pre class="codeexample">wasInvalidatedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
+wasInvalidatedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasInvalidatedBy(e2, a1, -, [ex:fct="save"])     
+wasInvalidatedBy(e2, -, -, [ex:fct="save"])     
+wasInvalidatedBy(ex:inv; tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
+wasInvalidatedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Additional semantic rules (<a href="#semantic-rules-summary">Section 3.7.5</a>) apply to <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-invalidationExpression">invalidationExpression</a></code>.</p>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="component2" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">3.2 </span>Component 2: Derivations</h3>
+<div id="Derivation-Relation" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.2.1 </span>Derivation</h4>
+
+<table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-derivationExpression" name="prod-derivationExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">17</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">derivationExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"wasDerivedFrom" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> ( "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-gIdentifierOrMarker">gIdentifierOrMarker</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-uIdentifierOrMarker">uIdentifierOrMarker</a></span> )? <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Derivation maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasderivedfrom">Derivation</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#derivation.id"><span class="attribute" id="derivation.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#derivation.generatedEntity"><span class="attribute" id="derivation.generatedEntity">generatedEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#derivation.usedEntity"><span class="attribute" id="derivation.usedEntity">usedEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#derivation.activity"><span class="attribute" id="derivation.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#derivation.generation"><span class="attribute" id="derivation.generation">generation</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-gIdentifierOrMarker">gIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#derivation.usage"><span class="attribute" id="derivation.usage">usage</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-uIdentifierOrMarker">uIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#derivation.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="derivation.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-derivation"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-derivation">Example 19</a></div>
+    <pre class="codeexample">wasDerivedFrom(d; e2, e1, a, g2, u1, [ex:comment="a righteous derivation"])
+  </pre>
+<p>  Here
+    <span class="name">d</span> is the optional derivation identifier,
+  <span class="name">e2</span> is the identifier for the entity being derived,
+  <span class="name">e1</span> is the  identifier of the entity from which <span class="name">e2</span> is derived,
+  <span class="name">a</span> is the optional identifier of the activity which used/generated the entities,
+  <span class="name">g2</span> is the optional identifier of the generation,
+  <span class="name">u1</span> is the optional identifier of the usage,
+  and <span class="name">[ex:comment="a righteous derivation"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+  
+<pre class="codeexample">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, -, g2, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, -, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, -)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, -, -)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, -, -, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, -, -, -)
+wasDerivedFrom(d; e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(-; e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+<div id="expression-Revision" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.2.2 </span>Revision</h4>
+
+<p id="provn-type-Revision">
+PROV-N provides no dedicated syntax for Revision. Instead, a Revision <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be expressed as a 
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-derivationExpression">derivationExpression</a></code> with attribute <code>prov:type='prov:Revision'</code>.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_20"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_20">Example 20</a></div>
+    <pre class="codeexample">wasDerivedFrom(d; e2, e1, a, g2, u1, 
+               [prov:type='prov:Revision', 
+                ex:comment="a righteous derivation"])
+  </pre>
+<p>Here, the derivation from
+<a href="#anexample-derivation" class="anexample-ref"><span>Example 19</span></a>
+is extended with a <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute and value <span class="name">prov:Revision</span>.  The expression <code>'prov:Revision'</code> is <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-convenienceNotation">convenienceNotation</a></code> to denote a <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code> literal (See  <a href="#expression-literal">Section 3.7.3. Literal</a>).
+</p></div>
+
+
+</div>  <!-- end revision -->
+<div id="expression-quotation" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.2.3 </span>Quotation</h4>
+
+<p id="provn-type-Quotation">
+PROV-N provides no dedicated syntax for Quotation. Instead, a Quotation <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be  expressed as a 
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-derivationExpression">derivationExpression</a></code> with attribute <code>prov:type='prov:Quotation'</code>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_21"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_21">Example 21</a></div>
+    <pre class="codeexample">wasDerivedFrom(quoteId1; ex:blockQuote,ex:blog, ex:act1, ex:g, ex:u,
+               [ prov:type='prov:Quotation' ]) 
+ </pre>
+
+<p>Here, the derivation is provided with a <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute and value <span class="name">prov:Quotation</span>.
+</p></div>
+
+
+</div>  <!-- end quotation -->
+
+
+<div id="expression-primary-source" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.2.4 </span>Primary Source</h4>
+
+
+<p id="provn-type-Primary-Source">
+PROV-N provides no dedicated syntax for PrimarySource. Instead, a PrimarySource <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be expressed as a 
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-derivationExpression">derivationExpression</a></code> with attribute <code>prov:type='prov:Primary-Source'</code>.</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_22"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_22">Example 22</a></div>
+    <pre class="codeexample">wasDerivedFrom(sourceId1;  ex:e1, ex:e2, ex:act, ex:g, ex:u, 
+               [ prov:type='prov:PrimarySource' ])
+</pre>
+<p>Here, the derivation is provided with a <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute and value <span class="name">prov:PrimarySource</span>.
+  </p>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>  <!-- end primary source -->
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="component3" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">3.3 </span>Component 3: Agents, Responsibility, and Influence</h3>
+<div id="expression-Agent" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.3.1 </span>Agent</h4>
+
+<!--
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">agentExpression</span>&nbsp;::= 
+<span class="name">agent</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+-->
+
+<table class="grammar">
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-agentExpression" name="prod-agentExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">18</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">agentExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"agent" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+</table>
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Agent maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-agent">Agent</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#agent.id"><span class="attribute" id="agent.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#agent.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="agent.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+PROV-N provides no dedicated syntax for Person, Organization, SoftwareAgent. Instead, a Person, an Organization, or a SoftwareAgent <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be expressed as an
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agentExpression">agentExpression</a></code> with attribute 
+<span id="provn-type-Person"><code>prov:type='prov:Person'</code></span>,
+<span id="provn-type-Organization"><code>prov:type='prov:Organization'</code></span>, or
+<span id="provn-type-SoftwareAgent"><code>prov:type='prov:SoftwareAgent'</code></span>, respectively.</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_23"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_23">Example 23</a></div>
+<pre class="codeexample">agent(ag4, [ prov:type='prov:Person', ex:name="David" ])
+</pre>
+<p>Here <span class="name">ag</span> is the agent identifier, and
+   <span class="name">[ prov:type='prov:Person', ex:name="David" ]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+In the next example, the optional attributes are omitted.
+
+<pre class="codeexample">agent(ag4)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+<div id="expression-attribution" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.3.2 </span>Attribution</h4>
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-attributionExpression" name="prod-attributionExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">19</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">attributionExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"wasAttributedTo" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier">agIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+</table>
+
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Attribution maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasattributedto">Attribution</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#attribution.id"><span class="attribute" id="attribution.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#attribution.entity"><span class="attribute" id="attribution.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#attribution.agent"><span class="attribute" id="attribution.agent">agent</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier">agIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#attribution.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="attribution.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_24"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_24">Example 24</a></div>
+
+<pre class="codeexample">wasAttributedTo(attr; e, ag, [ex:license='cc:attributionURL' ])
+  </pre>
+<p>    Here <span class="name">attr</span> is the optional attribution identifier,  <span class="name">e</span> is an entity identifier,
+  <span class="name">ag</span> is the identifier of the agent to whom the entity is abscribed, 
+and <span class="name">[ex:license='cc:attributionURL' ]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+<pre class="codeexample">wasAttributedTo(e, ag)
+wasAttributedTo(e, ag, [ex:license='cc:attributionURL' ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</div>  <!-- end attribution -->
+
+
+<div id="expression-Association" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.3.3 </span>Association</h4>
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-associationExpression" name="prod-associationExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">20</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">associationExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"wasAssociatedWith" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></span> ( "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifierOrMarker">agIdentifierOrMarker</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></span> )? <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+</table>
+
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Association maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasassociatedwith">Association</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.id"><span class="attribute" id="association.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.activity"><span class="attribute" id="association.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.agent"><span class="attribute" id="association.agent">agent</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifierOrMarker">agIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.plan"><span class="attribute" id="association.plan">plan</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="association.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+<p id="provn-type-Plan">
+PROV-N provides no dedicated syntax for Plan. Instead, a Plan <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be expressed as an
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-entityExpression">entityExpression</a></code> with attribute <code>prov:type='prov:Plan'</code>.</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_25"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_25">Example 25</a></div>
+<pre class="codeexample">wasAssociatedWith(ex:assoc; ex:a1, ex:ag1, ex:e1, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+  </pre>
+
+<p>  Here <span class="name">ex:assoc</span> is the optional attribution identifier,
+  <span class="name">ex:a1</span> is an activity identifier,
+  <span class="name">ex:ag1</span> is the optional identifier of the agent associated to the activity,
+  <span class="name">ex:e1</span> is the optional identifier of the plan used by the agent in the context of the activity,
+  and <span class="name"> [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+  
+  
+<pre class="codeexample">wasAssociatedWith(ex:a1, -, ex:e1)
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a1, ex:ag1)
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a1, ex:ag1, ex:e1)
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a1, ex:ag1, ex:e1, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+wasAssociatedWith(a; ex:a1, -, ex:e1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Additional semantic rules (<a href="#semantic-rules-summary">Section 3.7.5</a>) apply to <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-associationExpression">associationExpression</a></code>.</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_26"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_26">Example 26</a></div>
+<p>The  following expressions illustrates a plan.
+</p><pre class="codeexample">  entity(ex:pl1,   [ prov:type='prov:Plan' ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<!--
+<p><strong>Note:</strong>The production <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-associationExpression">associationExpression</a></code> allows for expressions <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a, -, -)</span>  and <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(-; a, -, -)</span>. However, these expressions are not valid in PROV-N, 
+since
+at least one of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.id"><span class='attribute'>id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.agent"><span class='attribute'>agent</span></a>,  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.plan"><span class='attribute'>plan</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.attributes"><span class='attribute'>attributes</span></a>  MUST be present.</p>
+-->
+
+</div>
+<div id="expression-delegation" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.3.4 </span>Delegation</h4>
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-delegationExpression" name="prod-delegationExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">21</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">delegationExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"actedOnBehalfOf" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier">agIdentifier</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier">agIdentifier</a></span> ( "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></span> )? <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+</table>
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Delegation maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-actedonbehalfof">Delegation</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#delegation.id"><span class="attribute" id="delegation.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#delegation.delegate"><span class="attribute" id="delegation.delegate">delegate</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier">agIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#delegation.responsible"><span class="attribute" id="delegation.responsible">responsible</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier">agIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#delegation.activity"><span class="attribute" id="delegation.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#delegation.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="delegation.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_27"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_27">Example 27</a></div>
+
+  <pre class="codeexample">actedOnBehalfOf(del1; ag2, ag1, a, [prov:type="contract"])
+  </pre>
+<p>  Here <span class="name">del1</span> is the optional delegation identifier,
+  <span class="name">ag2</span> is the identifier for the delegate agent,
+  <span class="name">ag1</span> is the  identifier of the responsible agent,
+  <span class="name">a</span> is the optional identifier of the activity for which the delegation link holds,
+  and <span class="name">[prov:type="contract"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+
+<pre class="codeexample">actedOnBehalfOf(ag1, ag2)
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag1, ag2, a)
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag1, ag2, -, [prov:type="delegation"])
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag2, ag3, a, [prov:type="contract"])
+actedOnBehalfOf(del1; ag2, ag3, a, [prov:type="contract"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="expression-influence" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.3.5 </span>Influence</h4>
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-influenceExpression" name="prod-influenceExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">22</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">influenceExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"wasInfluencedBy" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Influence maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasinfluencedby">Influence</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#influence.id"><span class="attribute" id="influence.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#influence.influencee"><span class="attribute" id="influence.influencee">influencee</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#influence.influencer"><span class="attribute" id="influence.influencer">influencer</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#influence.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="influence.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_28"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_28">Example 28</a></div>
+    <pre class="codeexample">wasInfluencedBy(infl1;e2,e1,[ex:param="a"])
+  </pre>
+<p>  Here,
+    <span class="name">infl1</span> is the optional influence identifier,
+  <span class="name">e2</span> is an entity identifier,
+  <span class="name">e1</span> is the identifier for an ancestor entity that   <span class="name">e2</span> is influenced by,
+  and <span class="name">[ex:param="a"]</span> is the optional set of attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+
+  <pre class="codeexample">wasInfluencedBy(e2,e1)
+wasInfluencedBy(e2,e1,[ex:param="a"])
+wasInfluencedBy(infl1; e2,e1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="component4" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">3.4 </span>Component 4: Bundles</h3>
+
+<div id="expression-bundle-constructor" class="section"> 
+<h4><span class="secno">3.4.1 </span>Bundle Constructor</h4>
+
+<table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-bundle" name="prod-bundle"></a>[<span class="prodNo">23</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">bundle</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"bundle" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span> (<span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclarations">namespaceDeclarations</a></span>)? (<span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></span>)* "endBundle"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p>Bundles cannot be nested because a <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle">bundle</a></code> is not an <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></code>, and therefore cannot occur inside another <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle">bundle</a></code>.</p>
+
+<p>Each identifier occuring in a bundle, including the bundle identifier itself, <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be interpreted with respect to the namespace declarations of that bundle, or if the identifier's prefix is not declared in the bundle, with respect to the namespace declarations in the document. </p>
+
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM bundle maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-bundle-constructor">Bundle</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#bundle.constructor.id"><span class="attribute" id="bundle.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#bundle.constructor.descriptions"><span class="attribute" id="bundle.descriptions">descriptions</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-namespaceDeclaration"><span class="attribute" id="namespaceDeclaration">namespaceDeclaration</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclarations">namespaceDeclarations</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-bundle1"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-bundle1">Example 29</a></div>
+    <pre class="codeexample">bundle ex:author-view
+  prefix ex  &lt;http://example.org/&gt;
+  agent(ex:Paolo,   [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+  agent(ex:Simon,   [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+  //...
+endBundle
+  </pre>
+<p> Here  <span class="name">ex:author-view</span> is the name of the bundle. 
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="expression-bundle-type" class="section"> 
+<h4><span class="secno">3.4.2 </span>Bundle Type</h4>
+
+<p id="provn-type-Bundle">
+When described, a Bundle <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be expressed as an <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-entityExpression">entityExpression</a></code> with attribute <code>prov:type='prov:Bundle'</code>.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_30"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_30">Example 30</a></div>
+<p>The bundle of
+<a href="#anexample-bundle1" class="anexample-ref"><span>Example 29</span></a> can be referred to as an an entity, and its provenance described.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">  entity(ex:author-view,   [ prov:type='prov:Bundle' ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div id="component5" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">3.5 </span>Component 5: Alternate Entities</h3>
+<div id="expression-alternate" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.5.1 </span>Alternate</h4>
+
+<!--
+<div class='grammar'>
+   <span class="nonterminal">alternateExpression</span>&nbsp;::=
+  <span class="name">alternateOf</span> 
+<span class="name">(</span> 
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span> 
+<span class="name">,</span> 
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span> 
+<span class="name">)</span>  
+</div>
+-->
+
+<table class="grammar">
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-alternateExpression" name="prod-alternateExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">24</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">alternateExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"alternateOf" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+</table>
+
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Alternate maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-alternateof">Alternate</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#alternate.alternate1"><span class="attribute" id="alternate.alternate1">alternate1</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#alternate.alternate2"><span class="attribute" id="alternate.alternate2">alternate2</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_31"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_31">Example 31</a></div>
+<pre class="codeexample">alternateOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex:alternate-20111215)
+</pre>
+  Here  <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is alternate for   <span class="name">ex:alternate-20111215</span>.
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+<div id="expression-specialization" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.5.2 </span>Specialization</h4>
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-specializationExpression" name="prod-specializationExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">25</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">specializationExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"specializationOf" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+</table>
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Specialization maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-specializationof">Specialization</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#specialization.specificEntity"><span class="attribute" id="specialization.specificEntity">specificEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#specialization.generalEntity"><span class="attribute" id="specialization.generalEntity">generalEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_32"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_32">Example 32</a></div>
+<pre class="codeexample">specializationOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,tr:prov-dm)
+</pre>
+    Here  <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is a specialization of <span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span>.
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div id="component6" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">3.6 </span>Component 6: Collections</h3>
+
+
+<div id="expression-collection" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.6.1 </span>Collection</h4>
+
+
+<p>
+PROV-N provides no dedicated syntax for Collection and EmptyCollection. Instead, a Collection or an EmptyCollection <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be expressed as an
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-entityExpression">entityExpression</a></code> with attribute 
+<span id="provn-type-Collection"><code>prov:type='prov:Collection'</code></span>, or
+<span id="provn-type-EmptyCollection"><code>prov:type='prov:EmptyCollection'</code></span>, respectively.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_33"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_33">Example 33</a></div>
+<p>The  following two expressions are about a collection and an empty collection, respectively.
+</p><pre class="codeexample">  entity(ex:col1,   [ prov:type='prov:Collection' ])
+  entity(ex:col2,   [ prov:type='prov:EmptyCollection' ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="expression-collection-membership" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.6.2 </span>Membership</h4>
+
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-membershipExpression" name="prod-membershipExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">26</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">membershipExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"hadMember" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-cIdentifier">cIdentifier</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Membership maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-hadmember">Membership</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#membership.collection"><span class="attribute" id="membership.collection">collection</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-cIdentifier">cIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#membership.entity"><span class="attribute" id="membership.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_34"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_34">Example 34</a></div>
+    <pre class="codeexample">   hadMember(c, e1)   // c contained e1
+   hadMember(c, e2)   // c contained e2 
+  </pre>
+<p>  Here
+  <span class="name">c</span> is the  identifier for the collection whose membership is stated, and 
+  <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span> are the entities that are members of collection c 
+<!--
+    <span class="name">true</span> is the complete flag indicating that the collection member is believed to be closed,
+    and <span class="name">[prov:label="A beautiful collection"]</span> is the optional set of attributes. </p>  
+-->
+
+</p></div>
+
+</div>
+
+</div>   <!-- end collections-->
+
+
+
+
+
+<div id="subexpressions" class="section">
+<h3><span class="secno">3.7 </span>Further Expressions</h3>
+
+This section defines further expressions of PROV-N.
+
+
+<div id="expression-identifier" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.7.1 </span>Identifier</h4>
+
+<p>Various kinds of identifiers are used in productions.</p>
+
+<table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-eIdentifier" name="prod-eIdentifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo">27</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">eIdentifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-aIdentifier" name="prod-aIdentifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo">28</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">aIdentifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-agIdentifier" name="prod-agIdentifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo">29</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">agIdentifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-gIdentifier" name="prod-gIdentifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo">30</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">gIdentifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-uIdentifier" name="prod-uIdentifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo">31</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">uIdentifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-cIdentifier" name="prod-cIdentifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo">32</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">cIdentifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-eIdentifierOrMarker" name="prod-eIdentifierOrMarker"></a>[<span class="prodNo">33</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">eIdentifierOrMarker</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> | "-" )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-aIdentifierOrMarker" name="prod-aIdentifierOrMarker"></a>[<span class="prodNo">34</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">aIdentifierOrMarker</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></span> | "-" )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-agIdentifierOrMarker" name="prod-agIdentifierOrMarker"></a>[<span class="prodNo">35</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">agIdentifierOrMarker</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier">agIdentifier</a></span> | "-" )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-gIdentifierOrMarker" name="prod-gIdentifierOrMarker"></a>[<span class="prodNo">36</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">gIdentifierOrMarker</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-gIdentifier">gIdentifier</a></span> | "-" )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-uIdentifierOrMarker" name="prod-uIdentifierOrMarker"></a>[<span class="prodNo">37</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">uIdentifierOrMarker</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-uIdentifier">uIdentifier</a></span> | "-" )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-identifier" name="prod-identifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo">38</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">identifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>
+A <dfn id="dfn-qualifiedName">qualified name</dfn> is a name subject to <a>namespace</a> interpretation. It consists of a <a>namespace</a>, denoted by an optional prefix, and a local name.
+The PROV data model  stipulates that a qualified name can be mapped to an IRI
+ by concatenating the IRI associated with the prefix and the local part.  This section provides the exact details of this procedure for qualified names defined by PROV-N. </p>
+
+<p>A qualified name's prefix is <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em>. If a prefix occurs in a
+ qualified name, the prefix <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> refer to a <a>namespace</a> declared in a namespace declaration.  In the absence of prefix, the qualified name 
+ belongs to the <a title="default namespace declaration">default namespace</a>.</p>
+
+<!--
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>&nbsp;::=  <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>&nbsp;::=  <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span>&nbsp;::=  <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">gIdentifier</span>&nbsp;::=  <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span><br/>
+
+<span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>&nbsp;::=  <span class="nonterminal">QUALIFIED_NAME</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>&nbsp;::=  <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>  <em>(intended to denote an entity)</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span>&nbsp;::=  <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>  <em>(intended to denote an activity)</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">agIdentifier</span>&nbsp;::=  <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span>  <em>(intended to denote an agent)</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">gIdentifier</span>::=  <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote a generation)</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">uIdentifier</span>::=  <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote a usage)</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">nIdentifier</span>::=  <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote a note)</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">cIdentifier</span>::=  <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> <em>(intended to denote a collection)</em><br/>
+</div>
+-->
+
+
+<p>A PROV-N qualified name (production <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code>) has a more permissive syntax then XML's <code class="content"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/#NT-QName">QName</a></code> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XML-NAMES">XML-NAMES</a></cite>]
+and SPARQL <code class="content"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115/#rPrefixedName">PrefixedName</a></code> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-SPARQL-QUERY">RDF-SPARQL-QUERY</a></cite>]. 
+A <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code> consists of a prefix and a local part. Prefixes follow the production <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX">PN_PREFIX</a></code> defined by SPARQL [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-SPARQL-QUERY">RDF-SPARQL-QUERY</a></cite>]. Local parts have to be conformant with <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_LOCAL">PN_LOCAL</a></code>, which extends the original SPARQL <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_LOCAL">PN_LOCAL</a></code> definition 
+by allowing further characters (see <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_CHARS_OTHERS">PN_CHARS_OTHERS</a></code>):</p>
+<ul>
+<li> an extra set of characters commonly encountered in IRIs;
+</li><li> %-escaped characters (see <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PERCENT">PERCENT</a></code>) to be interpreted as per
+ Section 3.1.  Mapping of IRIs to URIs in [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3987">RFC3987</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> and \-escaped characters (see <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_CHARS_ESC">PN_CHARS_ESC</a></code>).</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<p>Given that 
+'=' (equal),
+''' (single quote),
+'(' (left bracket),
+')' (right bracket),
+',' (comma),
+':' (colon),
+';' (semi-colon),   
+'"' (double quote),  <!-- " -->
+'[' (left square bracket),
+']' (right square bracket) are used by the PROV notation as delimiters, they are not allowed in local parts. 
+Instead, among those characters, those that are permitted in SPARQL
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rIRI_REF">IRI_REF</a></code>  are also allowed in <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_LOCAL">PN_LOCAL</a></code> if they are escaped by the '\' (backslash character) as per production <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_CHARS_ESC">PN_CHARS_ESC</a></code>. Furthermore, '.' (dot), ':' (colon), '-' (hyphen) can also be \-escaped.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>A PROV-N qualified name <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code> can be mapped to a valid IRI [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-IRI">IRI</a></cite>] by concatenating the namespace denoted  its local name <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX">PN_PREFIX</a></code> to the local name <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_LOCAL">PN_LOCAL</a></code>, whose \-escaped characters have been unescaped by dropping the character '\' (backslash).</p>
+
+ 
+<table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-QUALIFIED_NAME" name="prod-QUALIFIED_NAME"></a>[<span class="prodNo">52</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">QUALIFIED_NAME</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX">PN_PREFIX</a></span> ":" )? <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_LOCAL">PN_LOCAL</a></span><br> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX">PN_PREFIX</a></span> ":"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-PN_LOCAL" name="prod-PN_LOCAL"></a>[<span class="prodNo">53</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">PN_LOCAL</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_CHARS_U">PN_CHARS_U</a></span> | [0-9] | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_CHARS_OTHERS">PN_CHARS_OTHERS</a></span> ) ( ( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_CHARS">PN_CHARS</a></span> | "." | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_CHARS_OTHERS">PN_CHARS_OTHERS</a></span> )* ( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_CHARS">PN_CHARS</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_CHARS_OTHERS">PN_CHARS_OTHERS</a></span> ) )?</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-PN_CHARS_OTHERS" name="prod-PN_CHARS_OTHERS"></a>[<span class="prodNo">54</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">PN_CHARS_OTHERS</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"/"<br> | "@"<br> | "~"<br> | "&amp;"<br> | "+"<br> | "*"<br> | "?"<br> | "#"<br> | "$"<br> | "!"<br> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PERCENT">PERCENT</a></span><br> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_CHARS_ESC">PN_CHARS_ESC</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-PN_CHARS_ESC" name="prod-PN_CHARS_ESC"></a>[<span class="prodNo">55</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">PN_CHARS_ESC</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"\" ( "=" | "'" | "(" | ")" | "," | "-" | ":" | ";" | "[" | "]" | "." )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-PERCENT" name="prod-PERCENT"></a>[<span class="prodNo">56</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">PERCENT</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"%" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-HEX">HEX</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-HEX">HEX</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-HEX" name="prod-HEX"></a>[<span class="prodNo">57</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">HEX</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">[0-9]<br> | [A-F]<br> | [a-f]</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+</table>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-qualified-name"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-qualified-name">Example 35</a></div>
+<p>Examples of articles on the BBC Web site seen as  entities.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">document
+  prefix bbc &lt;http://www.bbc.co.uk/&gt;
+  prefix bbcNews &lt;http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/&gt;
+
+  entity(bbc:)                          // bbc site itself
+  entity(bbc:news/)                     // bbc news
+  entity(bbc:news/world-asia-17507976)  // a given news article
+
+  entity(bbcNews:)                      // an alternative way of referring to the bbc news site
+
+endDocument
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-qualified-name2"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-qualified-name2">Example 36</a></div>
+<p>Examples of entities with declared and default namespace.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">document
+  default &lt;http://example.org/2/&gt;
+  prefix ex &lt;http://example.org/1/&gt;
+
+  entity(ex:a)     //  corresponds to IRI http://example.org/1/a
+  entity(ex:a/)    //  corresponds to IRI http://example.org/1/a/
+  entity(ex:a/b)   //  corresponds to IRI http://example.org/1/a/b
+  entity(b)        //  corresponds to IRI http://example.org/2/b
+  entity(ex:1234)  //  corresponds to IRI http://example.org/1/1234
+  entity(4567)     //  corresponds to IRI http://example.org/2/4567
+  entity(c/)       //  corresponds to IRI http://example.org/2/c/
+  entity(ex:/)     //  corresponds to IRI http://example.org/1//
+endDocument
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-qualified-name3"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-qualified-name3">Example 37</a></div>
+<p>Examples of \-escaped characters.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">document
+  prefix ex &lt;http://example.org/&gt;
+  default &lt;http://example.org/default&gt;
+
+  entity(ex:foo?a\=1)            // corresponds to IRI http://example.org/foo?a=1
+  entity(ex:\-)                  // corresponds to IRI http://example.org/-
+  entity(ex:?fred\=fish%20soup)  // corresponds to IRI http://example.org/?fred=fish%20soup
+
+  used(-;a1,e1,-)                // identifier not specified for usage  
+  used(\-;a1,e1,-)               // usage identifier corresponds to http://example.org/default-
+endDocument
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<p><b>Note:</b>The productions for the terminals  <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code> and  <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX">PN_PREFIX</a></code> are conflicting.
+Indeed,  for a tokenizer operating independently of the parse tree, <code>abc</code> matches both 
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code> and
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX">PN_PREFIX</a></code>.
+  In the context of a <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclaration">namespaceDeclaration</a></code>, a tokenizer should give  preference to the production <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX">PN_PREFIX</a></code>.
+</p>
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="expression-attribute" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.7.2 </span>Attribute</h4>
+
+<!--
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">attribute</span>&nbsp;::=  <span class="nonterminal">qualifiedName</span><br/>
+</div>
+-->
+
+<table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-attribute" name="prod-attribute"></a>[<span class="prodNo">39</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">attribute</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>The  reserved attributes in the PROV namespace are the following.
+Their meaning is explained by [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] (see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute">Section 5.7.2: Attribute</a>).
+</p>
+
+<ol>
+<li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute-label"><span class="name">prov:label</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute-location"><span class="name">prov:location</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute-role"><span class="name">prov:role</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute-type"><span class="name">prov:type</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute-value"><span class="name">prov:value</span></a>
+</li></ol>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div id="expression-literal" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.7.3 </span>Literal</h4>
+
+<!--
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">Literal</span> &nbsp;::= <span class="nonterminal">typedLiteral</span> | <span class="nonterminal">convenienceNotation</span> <br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">typedLiteral</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">quotedString</span> <span class="name">%%</span> <span class="nonterminal">datatype</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">datatype</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">qualifiedName</span> <em> listed in Table <a href="#permitted-datatypes">permitted-datatypes</a></em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">convenienceNotation</span> &nbsp;::= <span class="nonterminal">stringLiteral</span> | <span class="nonterminal">intLiteral</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">stringLiteral</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">quotedString</span><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">quotedString</span> ::= <em>a finite sequence of characters in which &quot; (#x22) and \ (#x5C) occur only in pairs of the form \&quot; (#x5C, #x22) and \\ (#x5C,
+#x5C), enclosed in a pair of &quot; (#x22) characters</em><br/>
+<span class="nonterminal">intLiteral</span> ::= <em>a finite-length non-empty sequence of decimal digits (#x30-#x39) with an optional leading negative sign (-)</em>
+</div>
+-->
+
+<table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-literal" name="prod-literal"></a>[<span class="prodNo">40</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">literal</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-typedLiteral">typedLiteral</a></span><br> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-convenienceNotation">convenienceNotation</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-typedLiteral" name="prod-typedLiteral"></a>[<span class="prodNo">41</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">typedLiteral</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-STRING_LITERAL">STRING_LITERAL</a></span> "%%" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-datatype">datatype</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-datatype" name="prod-datatype"></a>[<span class="prodNo">42</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">datatype</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-convenienceNotation" name="prod-convenienceNotation"></a>[<span class="prodNo">43</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">convenienceNotation</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-STRING_LITERAL">STRING_LITERAL</a></span> (<span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rLANGTAG">LANGTAG</a></span>)?<br> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-INT_LITERAL">INT_LITERAL</a></span><br> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL">QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-STRING_LITERAL" name="prod-STRING_LITERAL"></a>[<span class="prodNo">58</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">STRING_LITERAL</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rSTRING_LITERAL2">STRING_LITERAL2</a></span><br> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rSTRING_LITERAL_LONG2">STRING_LITERAL_LONG2</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-INT_LITERAL" name="prod-INT_LITERAL"></a>[<span class="prodNo">60</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">INT_LITERAL</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">("-")? (<span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-DIGIT">DIGIT</a></span>)+</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-DIGIT" name="prod-DIGIT"></a>[<span class="prodNo">62</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">DIGIT</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">[0-9]</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL" name="prod-QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL"></a>[<span class="prodNo">61</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"'" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></span> "'"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p>In production <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-datatype">datatype</a></code>, the <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code> is used to denote a <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-value">PROV data type</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>].
+
+
+</p><p>The non terminals
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-STRING_LITERAL">STRING_LITERAL</a></code>,
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-INT_LITERAL">INT_LITERAL</a></code>, and
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL">QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL</a></code>
+are syntactic sugar for quoted strings with datatype 
+<code class="content"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-2/#string"><span class="name">xsd:string</span></a></code>,
+<code class="content"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-2/#int"><span class="name">xsd:int</span></a></code>, and
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">prov:QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code>
+respectively.
+</p>
+
+<p> In particular, a Literal may be an IRI-typed string (with datatype <span class="name">xsd:anyURI</span>);  such IRI has no specific interpretation in the context of PROV.</p>
+
+
+<p><b>Note:</b>The productions for terminals <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code> and
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-INT_LITERAL">INT_LITERAL</a></code> are conflicting.  
+Indeed, for a tokenizer operating independently of the parse tree, <code>1234</code> matches both <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-INT_LITERAL">INT_LITERAL</a></code> and <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code> (local name without prefix). In the context of
+a <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-convenienceNotation">convenienceNotation</a></code>, a tokenizer should give preference to the production
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-INT_LITERAL">INT_LITERAL</a></code>. 
+</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-convenience"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-convenience">Example 38</a></div>
+<p>
+The following examples illustrate convenience notations.</p>
+
+<p>The two following expressions are strings; if <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-datatype">datatype</a></code> is not specified, it is <code>xsd:string</code>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">  "abc" %% xsd:string
+  "abc"
+</pre>
+
+
+<p>The two following expressions are integers. For convenience, numbers, expressed as digits optionally preceded by a minus sign, can occur without quotes.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">  "1234" %% xsd:integer
+  1234
+  "-1234" %% xsd:integer
+  -1234
+</pre>
+
+<p>The two following expressions are qualified names. Values of type qualified name can be conveniently expressed within single quotes.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">  "ex:value" %% prov:QUALIFIED_NAME
+  'ex:value'
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-value"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-value">Example 39</a></div>
+<p>
+The following examples respectively are the string "abc", the string (in French) "bonjour", the integer number 1, and the IRI "http://example.org/foo".</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">  "abc"
+  "bonjour"@fr
+  "1" %% xsd:integer
+  "http://example.org/foo" %% xsd:anyURI
+</pre>
+<p>The following examples respectively are the floating point number 1.01 and the boolean true.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">  "1.01" %% xsd:float
+  "true" %% xsd:boolean
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div id="expression-types" class="section">
+<h5><span class="secno">3.7.3.1 </span>Reserved Type Values</h5>
+
+<p>The  reserved type values in the PROV namespace are the following.
+Their meaning is defined [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] (see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute-type">Section 5.7.2.4: prov:type</a>).
+</p>
+
+<ol>
+<li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-bundle-entity"><span class="name">prov:Bundle</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#concept-collection"><span class="name">prov:Collection</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#concept-empty-collection"><span class="name">prov:EmptyCollection</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#concept-organization"><span class="name">prov:Organization</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#concept-person"><span class="name">prov:Person</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#concept-plan"><span class="name">prov:Plan</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-primary-source"><span class="name">prov:PrimarySource</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-quotation"><span class="name">prov:Quotation</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-revision"><span class="name">prov:Revision</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#concept-software-agent"><span class="name">prov:SoftwareAgent</span></a>
+</li></ol>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-types"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-types">Example 40</a></div>
+<p>The agent <span class="name">ag</span> is a person (type: <span class="name">prov:Person</span>), whereas the entity 
+<span class="name">pl</span> is a plan (type: <span class="name">prov:Plan</span>).</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">agent(ag,  [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+entity(pl, [ prov:type='prov:Plan' ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="expression-Time" class="section">
+<h5><span class="secno">3.7.3.2 </span>Time Values</h5>
+
+<p><dfn id="dfn-time">Time instants</dfn> are defined according to xsd:dateTime [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">XMLSCHEMA11-2</a></cite>].</p> 
+
+<table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-time" name="prod-time"></a>[<span class="prodNo">44</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">time</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-2/#nt-dateTimeRep">DATETIME</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-time"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-time">Example 41</a></div>
+
+<p>The third argument in the following usage expression is a time instance, namely 4pm on 2011-11-16.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">used(ex:act2, ar3:0111, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div id="expression-NamespaceDeclaration" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.7.4 </span>Namespace Declaration</h4>
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-namespaceDeclarations" name="prod-namespaceDeclarations"></a>[<span class="prodNo">45</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">namespaceDeclarations</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-defaultNamespaceDeclaration">defaultNamespaceDeclaration</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclaration">namespaceDeclaration</a></span> ) (<span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclaration">namespaceDeclaration</a></span>)*</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-namespaceDeclaration" name="prod-namespaceDeclaration"></a>[<span class="prodNo">46</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">namespaceDeclaration</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"prefix" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX">PN_PREFIX</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespace">namespace</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-defaultNamespaceDeclaration" name="prod-defaultNamespaceDeclaration"></a>[<span class="prodNo">47</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">defaultNamespaceDeclaration</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"default" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rIRI_REF">IRI_REF</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-namespace" name="prod-namespace"></a>[<span class="prodNo">48</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">namespace</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rIRI_REF">IRI_REF</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+</table>
+
+<p>A <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclaration">namespaceDeclaration</a></code> consists of a binding between a prefix and a namespace. Every qualified name with this prefix in the scope of this declaration belongs to this namespace. 
+A <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-defaultNamespaceDeclaration">defaultNamespaceDeclaration</a></code> consists of a namespace. Every qualified name without prefix in the scope of this declaration belongs to this namespace. Scope of a prefix-namespace declaration is specified as follows:</p>
+<ul>
+<li> 
+The scope of a prefix-namespace declaration directly occurring in a <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle">bundle</a></code> is the <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle">bundle</a></code> itself.</li>
+<li>
+The scope of a prefix-namespace declaration directly occurring in a <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-document">document</a></code> is the <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-document">document</a></code> including the <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle">bundles</a></code> it contains but excluding those <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle">bundles</a></code> that redeclare this prefix.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>A set of namespace declarations <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclarations">namespaceDeclarations</a></code> <em class="rfc2119" title="must not">must not</em> re-declare the same prefix.</p>
+
+<p>A set of namespace declarations <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclarations">namespaceDeclarations</a></code> occurring in a bundle <em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em> re-declare a prefix declared in a surrounding document.</p>
+
+<p>A namespace declaration <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclaration">namespaceDeclaration</a></code> <em class="rfc2119" title="must not">must not</em> declare prefixes <span class="name">prov</span> and <span class="name">xsd</span>  (see <a href="#namespace-table">Table 1</a> for their IRI).</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-namespace"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-namespace">Example 42</a></div>
+<p>The following example declares three namespaces, one default, and two with explicit prefixes <span class="name">ex1</span> and <span class="name">ex2</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">document
+  default &lt;http://example.org/0/&gt;
+  prefix ex1 &lt;http://example.org/1/&gt;
+  prefix ex2 &lt;http://example.org/2/&gt;
+...
+endDocument
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-namespace-scope"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-namespace-scope">Example 43</a></div>
+<p>In the following example, a document declares a default namespace and the occurrence of
+<code>e001</code> directly occurring in the document refers to that namespace.
+A nested bundle also declares a default namespace, but with a different IRI.
+In that  bundle, the occurrences of
+<code>e001</code>, including the bundle name, refer to the latest default namespace.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">document
+  default &lt;http://example.org/1/&gt;
+  entity(e001)                             // IRI: http://example.org/1/e001
+
+  bundle e001                              // IRI: http://example.org/2/e001
+    default &lt;http://example.org/2/&gt;
+    entity(e001)                           // IRI: http://example.org/2/e001
+  endBundle
+endDocument
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-namespace-scope2"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-namespace-scope2">Example 44</a></div>
+<p>In the following example, a document declares a namespace with prefix <code>ex</code> and the occurrence of
+<code>ex:e001</code> directly occurring in the document refers to that namespace.
+In a nested bundle, the occurrence of
+<code>ex:e001</code> also  refers to the same namespace.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">document
+  prefix ex &lt;http://example.org/1/&gt;
+  entity(ex:e001)                            // IRI: http://example.org/1/e001
+
+  bundle b
+    entity(ex:001)                           // IRI: http://example.org/1/e001
+  endBundle
+endDocument
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div id="semantic-rules-summary" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.7.5 </span>Summary of additional semantic rules</h4>
+
+<p>Some of the grammar productions allow for expressions that are syntactically correct, and yet according to [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] they are not acceptable, because additional semantic rules are defined for those expressions.
+ The following table provides a summary of such expressions along with examples of syntactically correct but unacceptable forms, and the additional semantic rules.</p>
+
+<div style="text-align: left;">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="validity-rules-table">Summary of additional semantic rules for grammar productions</caption>
+<tbody><tr><td><a href="#dfn-production" class="internalDFN"><b>Production</b></a></td>
+     <td><b>Examples of syntactically correct expressions</b></td>
+     <td><b>Additional semantic rule</b></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-generationExpression">Generation expression</a></td>
+    <td><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2, -, -)</span><br><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(-; e2, -, -)</span></td>
+    <td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.activity"><span class="attribute">activity</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present.</td>  
+</tr>
+<tr><td><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-usageExpression">Usage expression</a></td>
+<td><span class="name">used(a2, -, -)</span><br><span class="name">used(-; a2, -, -)</span></td>
+<td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.entity"><span class="attribute">entity</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-startExpression">Start expression</a></td>
+<td> <span class="name">wasStartedBy(e2, -, -, -)</span><br><span class="name">wasStartedBy(-; e2, -, -, -)</span></td>
+<td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.trigger"><span class="attribute">trigger</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.starter"><span class="attribute">starter</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-endExpression">End expression</a></td>
+<td><span class="name">wasEndedBy(e2, -, -, -)</span><br><span class="name">wasEndedBy(-; e2, -, -, -)</span></td>
+<td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.trigger"><span class="attribute">trigger</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.ender"><span class="attribute">ender</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-invalidationExpression">Invalidation expression</a></td>
+<td><span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(e2, -, -)</span>  <br><span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(-; e2, -, -)</span></td>
+<td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.activity"><span class="attribute">activity</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-associationExpression">Association expression</a></td>
+<td><span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a, -, -)</span> <br><span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(-; a, -, -)</span></td>
+<td>At least one of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.agent"><span class="attribute">agent</span></a>,  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.plan"><span class="attribute">plan</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a>  <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present</td>
+</tr>
+
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+</div>  <!-- end sec 3 -->
+
+
+
+
+
+<div id="document" class="section">
+<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">4. </span>Document</h2>
+
+<p>A <dfn id="dfn-document">document</dfn> is a house-keeping construct of PROV-N capable of packaging up PROV-N <a title="expression">expressions</a> and namespace declarations.  A document forms a self-contained package of provenance descriptions for the purpose of <em>exchanging</em> them.  A document may be used
+ to  package up PROV-N <a title="record">expressions</a> in response to a request for the provenance of something ([<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>]).</p>
+
+<p> Given its status of house keeping construct for the purpose of exchanging provenance expressions,  a document is not defined as a PROV-N expression (production <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></code>).</p> 
+
+
+
+
+
+<p>A document's text matches the <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-document">document</a></code> production.</p>
+
+<table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-document" name="prod-document"></a>[<span class="prodNo">1</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">document</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"document" (<span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclarations">namespaceDeclarations</a></span>)? (<span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></span>)* (<span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle">bundle</a></span>)* "endDocument"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p>A document contains:
+</p><ul>
+<li><em>namespaceDeclarations</em>: a set of namespace declarations <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclarations">namespaceDeclarations</a></code>, declaring namespaces and associated prefixes, which can be used in <a title="attribute">attributes</a> and  <a title="identifier">identifiers</a> occurring inside  <em>expressions</em> or <em>bundles</em>;</li>
+<li><em>expressions</em>:  a set of expressions, each matching <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></code>;</li>
+<li><em>bundles</em>:  a  set of expressions, each matching
+<code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle">bundle</a></code>.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<p>Thus, bundles <em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em> occur inside a document, but do not appear inside other bundles.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_45"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_45">Example 45</a></div>
+<p>
+The following document contains expressions related to the provenance of entity 
+<span class="name">e2</span>.
+</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">document
+  default &lt;http://anotherexample.org/&gt;
+  prefix ex &lt;http://example.org/&gt;
+
+  entity(e2, [ prov:type="File", ex:path="/shared/crime.txt", ex:creator="Alice", 
+               ex:content="There was a lot of crime in London last month."])
+  activity(a1, 2011-11-16T16:05:00, -, [prov:type="edit"])
+  wasGeneratedBy(e2, a1, -, [ex:fct="save"])     
+  wasAssociatedWith(a1, ag2, -, [prov:role="author"])
+  agent(ag2, [ prov:type='prov:Person', ex:name="Bob" ])
+
+endDocument
+</pre>
+<p>This container could for instance be returned as the result of a query to a provenance store for the provenance of entity <span class="name">e2</span> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>].  
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="extensibility" class="section">
+<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">5. </span>Extensibility</h2>
+
+<p>The PROV data model is extensible by means of attributes <span class="name">prov:type</span> and <span class="name">prov:role</span> allowing subtyping of expressions.  For some applications, novel  syntax may also be convenient. Hence, the normative requirements are as follow.</p>
+<ul>
+<li> PROV-N compliant parsers <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be able to parse expressions matching the <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityExpression">extensibilityExpression</a></code> production defined below.
+</li><li> As PROV provides no definition for these expressions, PROV compliant implementations 
+ <em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em> ignore these expressions.</li>
+<li> Extensions to PROV and PROV-N <em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em> specify more specific productions and interpretations for these expressions, which applications <em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em> elect to follow. </li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-extensibilityExpression" name="prod-extensibilityExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">49</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">extensibilityExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></span> "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityArgument">extensibilityArgument</a></span> ( "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityArgument">extensibilityArgument</a></span> )* <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-extensibilityArgument" name="prod-extensibilityArgument"></a>[<span class="prodNo">50</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">extensibilityArgument</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifierOrMarker">identifierOrMarker</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-literal">literal</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-time">time</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityExpression">extensibilityExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityTuple">extensibilityTuple</a></span> )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-extensibilityTuple" name="prod-extensibilityTuple"></a>[<span class="prodNo">51</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">extensibilityTuple</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"{" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityArgument">extensibilityArgument</a></span> ( "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityArgument">extensibilityArgument</a></span> )* "}"<br> | "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityArgument">extensibilityArgument</a></span> ( "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityArgument">extensibilityArgument</a></span> )* ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+</table>
+
+<p>Expressions compatible with the
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityExpression">extensibilityExpression</a></code> production follow a general form of functional syntax, in which the predicate <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be a
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">qualifiedName</a></code>
+with a non-empty <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX">prefix</a></code>.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_46"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_46">Example 46</a></div>
+<p>
+<a href="#component6">Collections</a> are sets of entities, whose membership can be expressed using the <span class="name">hadMember</span> relation.  The following example shows how one can express membership for <em>dictionaries</em>, an illustrative extension of Collections consisting of sets of key-entity pairs, where a key is a <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-literal">literal</a></code>. The notation is a variation of that used for Collections membership, allowing multiple member elements to be declared, and in which the elements are pairs. The name of the relation is qualified with the extension-specific namespace <span class="name">http://example.org/dictionaries</span>.
+</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">  prefix dictExt &lt;http://example.org/dictionaries#&gt;
+  dictExt:hadMembers(mId; d, {("k1",e1), ("k2",e2), ("k3",e3)}, []) 
+</pre>
+
+Note that the generic <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityExpression">extensibilityExpression</a></code> production  above allows for alternative notations to be used for expressing membership, if the designers of the extensions so desire. Here is an alternate syntax that is consistent with the productions:
+<pre class="codeexample">  prefix dictExt &lt;http://example.org/dictionaries#&gt;
+  dictExt:hadMembers(mid; d, dictExt:set(dictExt:pair("k1",e1), 
+                                         dictExt:pair("k2",e2), 
+                                         dictExt:pair("k3",e3)), 
+                            [dictExt:uniqueKeys="true"]) 
+</pre>
+
+  
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="media-type" class="section">
+<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">6. </span>Media Type</h2>
+
+<p>
+The media type of PROV-N is <span class="name">text/provenance-notation</span>. The content encoding of PROV-N content is UTF-8.
+</p>
+
+
+ <dl> 
+      <dt>Contact:</dt> 
+      <dd>Ivan Herman</dd> 
+      <dt>See also:</dt> 
+      <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/2002/06/registering-mediatype">How to Register a Media Type for a <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Specification</a></dd> 
+      <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/tag/2002/0129-mime">Internet Media Type registration, consistency of use</a><br>TAG Finding 3 June 2002 (Revised 4 September 2002)</dd> 
+    </dl> 
+    <p>The Internet Media Type / MIME Type for PROV-N is "text/provenance-notation".</p> 
+    <p>It is recommended that PROV-N files have the extension ".provn" (all lowercase) on all platforms.</p> 
+    <p>It is recommended that PROV-N files stored on Macintosh HFS file systems be given a file type of "TEXT".</p> 
+    <p>The information that follows has been <a href="TBD">submitted to the IESG</a> for review, approval, and registration with IANA.</p> 
+    <dl> 
+      <dt>Type name:</dt> 
+      <dd>text</dd> 
+      <dt>Subtype name:</dt> 
+      <dd>provenance-notation</dd> 
+      <dt>Required parameters:</dt> 
+      <dd><kbd>charset</kbd> — the value of <kbd>charset</kbd> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> always be <kbd>UTF-8</kbd>.</dd> 
+      <dt>Optional parameters:</dt> 
+      <dd>None</dd> 
+
+      <dt>Encoding considerations: 8bit</dt> 
+      <dd>The syntax of PROV-N is expressed over code points in Unicode [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-UNICODE">UNICODE</a></cite>]. The encoding is always UTF-8 [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-UTF-8">UTF-8</a></cite>].</dd> 
+      <dd>Unicode code points may also be expressed using an \uXXXX (U+0 to U+FFFF) or \UXXXXXXXX syntax (for U+10000 onwards) where X is a hexadecimal digit [0-9A-F]</dd> 
+      <dt>Security considerations:</dt> 
+      <dd>PROV-N is a general-purpose language for describing the provenance of things; applications may evaluate given data to infer more descriptions or to dereference URIs, invoking the security considerations of the scheme for that URI. Note in particular, the privacy issues in [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3023">RFC3023</a></cite>] section 10 for HTTP URIs. Data obtained from an inaccurate or malicious data source may lead to inaccurate or misleading conclusions, as well as the dereferencing of unintended URIs. Care must be taken to align the trust in consulted resources with the sensitivity of the intended use of the data.</dd> 
+      <dd>PROV-N is used to express the provenance of arbitrary application data; security considerations will vary by domain of use. Security tools and protocols applicable to text (e.g. PGP encryption, MD5 sum validation, password-protected compression) may also be used on PROV-N documents. Security/privacy protocols must be imposed which reflect the sensitivity of the embedded information.  </dd> 
+      <dd>PROV-N can express data which is presented to the user, for example, by means of label attributes. Application rendering strings retrieved from untrusted PROV-N documents must ensure that malignant strings may not be used to mislead the reader. The security considerations in the media type registration for XML ([<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3023">RFC3023</a></cite>] section 10) provide additional guidance around the expression of arbitrary data and markup.</dd> 
+      <dd>PROV-N is a language for describing the provenance of things, and therefore a PROV-N document is metadata for other resources.  Untrusted PROV-N documents may mislead its consumers by indicating that a third-party resource has a reputable lineage, when it has not. Provenance of PROV-N document should be sought. </dd>
+      <dd>PROV-N uses qualified names mappeable to IRIs as term identifiers. Applications interpreting data expressed in PROV-N should address the security issues of
+  <a class="norm" href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt">Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs)</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3987">RFC3987</a></cite>] Section 8, as well as
+  <a class="norm" href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3986">RFC3986</a></cite>] Section 7.</dd> 
+      <dd>Multiple IRIs may have the same appearance. Characters in different scripts may 
+look similar (a Cyrillic "о" may appear similar to a Latin "o"). A character followed 
+by combining characters may have the same visual representation as another character 
+(LATIN SMALL LETTER E followed by COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT has the same visual representation 
+as LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE).
+<!-- (<code>foo:resum&#40751;code> and <code>f&#1086;&#1086;:resume&#769;</code>)--> 
+Any person or application that is writing or interpreting data in PROV-N must take care to use the IRI that matches the intended semantics, and avoid IRIs that make look similar.
+Further information about matching of similar characters can be found 
+in <a class="inform" href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/">Unicode Security 
+Considerations</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-UNISEC">UNISEC</a></cite>] and
+<a class="norm" href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt">Internationalized Resource 
+Identifiers (IRIs)</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3987">RFC3987</a></cite>] Section 8.
+</dd> 
+ 
+      <dt>Interoperability considerations:</dt> 
+      <dd>There are no known interoperability issues.</dd> 
+      <dt>Published specification:</dt> 
+      <dd>PROV-N: The Provenance Notation, Moreau, Missier, (eds), Cheney, Soiland-Reyes
+      <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a>, 2012.</dd> 
+      <dt>Applications which use this media type:</dt> 
+      <dd>It may be used by any application for publishing provenance information. This format is designed to be a human-readable form of provenance. </dd> 
+      <dt>Additional information:</dt> 
+      <dt>Magic number(s):</dt> 
+      <dd>PROV-N documents may have the strings 'document' near the beginning of the document.</dd> 
+      <dt>File extension(s):</dt> 
+      <dd>".provn"</dd> 
+      <dt>Base URI:</dt> 
+      <dd>There are no constructs in the PROV-N Syntax to change the Base IRI.</dd> 
+      <dt>Macintosh file type code(s):</dt> 
+      <dd>"TEXT"</dd> 
+      <dt>Person &amp; email address to contact for further information:</dt> 
+      <dd>Ivan Herman, ivan@w3.org</dd> 
+      <dt>Intended usage:</dt> 
+      <dd>COMMON</dd> 
+      <dt>Restrictions on usage:</dt> 
+      <dd>None</dd> 
+      <dt>Author/Change controller:</dt> 
+      <dd>The PROV-N specification is the product of the World Wide Web Consortium's PROV Working Group. The <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> has change control over this specification.</dd> 
+    </dl> 
+ 
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="appendix informative section" id="changes-since-last-version"> 
+      <!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">A. </span>Changes since last version</h2><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p> 
+<p> Please see the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ResponsesToPublicComments">Responses to Public Comments on the Last Call Working Draft</a> for more details about the justification of these changes.</p>
+<ul>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/543">ISSUE-543</a>: Uses key-entity pair terminology for example 43.
+</li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/538">ISSUE-538</a>: Rephrasing of text in example 10.
+</li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/547">ISSUE-547</a>: Aligned terminology and productions with prov-constraints document, renaming 'toplevel bundle' to 'document', and renaming 'named bundle' to 'bundle'.
+</li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/496">ISSUE-496</a>: For each prov-n term, added a cross-reference to corresponding prov-dm term (see table following each production). Rephrased text related to scope of a namespace declaration. Added an informative file with all productions.
+</li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/573">ISSUE-573</a>: Updated Media Type section. 
+</li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/589">ISSUE-589</a>: Updated scoping rule for prefix-namespace declaration. Also refrained from saying bundles are self-contained. 
+</li><li> Moved feature at Risk mention into a separate note.
+</li><li> Editorial's pass pre-publication.
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="appendix informative section" id="acknowledgements"> 
+      <!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">B. </span>Acknowledgements</h2><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p> 
+      <p> 
+
+This  document has been produced by the PROV Working Group, and its contents reflect extensive discussion within the Working Group as a whole. 
+      </p> 
+
+<p>
+The editors acknowledge valuable contributions from the following:
+David Booth,
+Robert Freimuth,
+Satrajit Ghosh,
+Ralph Hodgson,
+Renato Iannella,
+Jacek Kopecky,
+James Leigh,
+Jacco van Ossenbruggen,
+Alan Ruttenberg,
+Reza Samavi, and
+Antoine Zimmermann.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Members of the PROV Working Group at the time of publication of this document were:
+
+Ilkay Altintas (Invited expert),
+Reza B'Far (Oracle Corporation),
+Khalid Belhajjame (University of Manchester),
+James Cheney (University of Edinburgh, School of Informatics),
+Sam Coppens (IBBT),
+David Corsar (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science),
+Stephen Cresswell (The National Archives),
+Tom De Nies (IBBT),
+Helena Deus (DERI Galway at the National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland),
+Simon Dobson (Invited expert),
+Martin Doerr (Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas(FORTH)),
+Kai Eckert (Invited expert),
+Jean-Pierre EVAIN (European Broadcasting Union, EBU-UER),
+James Frew (Invited expert),
+Irini Fundulaki (Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas(FORTH)),
+Daniel Garijo (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid),
+Yolanda Gil (Invited expert),
+Ryan Golden (Oracle Corporation),
+Paul Groth (Vrije Universiteit),
+Olaf Hartig (Invited expert),
+David Hau (National Cancer Institute, NCI),
+Sandro Hawke (<acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>/<acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym>),
+Jörn Hees (German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) Gmbh),
+Ivan Herman, (<acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>/<acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym>),
+Ralph Hodgson (TopQuadrant),
+Hook Hua (Invited expert),
+Trung Dong Huynh (University of Southampton),
+Graham Klyne (University of Oxford),
+Michael Lang (Revelytix, Inc.),
+Timothy Lebo (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+James McCusker (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Deborah McGuinness (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Simon Miles (Invited expert),
+Paolo Missier (School of Computing Science, Newcastle university),
+Luc Moreau (University of Southampton),
+James Myers (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Vinh Nguyen (Wright State University),
+Edoardo Pignotti (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science),
+Paulo da Silva Pinheiro (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Carl Reed (Open Geospatial Consortium),
+Adam Retter (Invited Expert),
+Christine Runnegar (Invited expert),
+Satya Sahoo (Invited expert),
+David Schaengold (Revelytix, Inc.),
+Daniel Schutzer (FSTC, Financial Services Technology Consortium),
+Yogesh Simmhan (Invited expert),
+Stian Soiland-Reyes (University of Manchester),
+Eric Stephan (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory),
+Linda Stewart (The National Archives),
+Ed Summers (Library of Congress),
+Maria Theodoridou (Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas(FORTH)),
+Ted Thibodeau (OpenLink Software Inc.),
+Curt Tilmes (National Aeronautics and Space Administration),
+Craig Trim (IBM Corporation),
+Stephan Zednik (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Jun Zhao (University of Oxford),
+Yuting Zhao (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science).
+</p>
+
+    </div> 
+
+
+ 
+<div id="references" class="appendix section"><!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">C. </span>References</h2><div id="normative-references" class="section"><h3><span class="secno">C.1 </span>Normative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-IRI">[IRI]</dt><dd>M. Duerst, M. Suignard. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><cite>Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRI).</cite></a> January 2005. Internet RFC 3987. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt</a> 
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]</dt><dd>James Cheney, Paolo Missier, and Luc Moreau (eds.), Tom De Nies. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/"><cite>Constraints of the PROV Data Model</cite></a>. 2012, Candidate Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/</a>.
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-DM">[PROV-DM]</dt><dd>Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Reza B'Far, James Cheney, Sam Coppens, Stephen Cresswell, Yolanda Gil, Paul Groth, Graham Klyne, Tim Lebo, Jim McCusker, Simon Miles, James Myers, Satya Sahoo, and Curt Tilmes <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/"><cite>PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</cite></a>. 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-O">[PROV-O]</dt><dd>Timothy Lebo, Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, David Corsar, Daniel Garijo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, Stephan Zednik, and Jun Zhao. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. 2012, Candidate Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/</a>.
+</dd><dt id="bib-RDF-SPARQL-QUERY">[RDF-SPARQL-QUERY]</dt><dd>Andy Seaborne; Eric Prud'hommeaux. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115"><cite>SPARQL Query Language for RDF.</cite></a> 15 January 2008. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115">http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115</a> 
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC2119">[RFC2119]</dt><dd>S. Bradner. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><cite>Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.</cite></a> March 1997. Internet RFC 2119.  URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a> 
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC3023">[RFC3023]</dt><dd>M. Murata; S. St.Laurent; D. Kohn. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt"><cite>XML Media Types</cite></a> January 2001. Internet RFC 3023. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt</a> 
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC3986">[RFC3986]</dt><dd>T. Berners-Lee; R. Fielding; L. Masinter. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"><cite>Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax.</cite></a> January 2005. Internet RFC 3986. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt</a> 
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC3987">[RFC3987]</dt><dd>M. Dürst; M. Suignard. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><cite>Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs).</cite></a> January 2005. Internet RFC 3987. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt</a> 
+</dd><dt id="bib-UNICODE">[UNICODE]</dt><dd>The Unicode Consortium.  <a href="http://www.unicode.org/unicode/standard/versions/enumeratedversions.html"><cite>The Unicode Standard.</cite></a>.  Defined by: The Unicode Standard, Version 6.2.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2012. ISBN 978-1-936213-07-8) , as updated from time to time by the publication of new versions URL: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/unicode/standard/versions/enumeratedversions.html">http://www.unicode.org/unicode/standard/versions/enumeratedversions.html</a> 
+</dd><dt id="bib-URI">[URI]</dt><dd>T. Berners-Lee; R. Fielding; L. Masinter. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"><cite>Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): generic syntax.</cite></a> January 2005. Internet RFC 3986. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt</a> 
+</dd><dt id="bib-UTF-8">[UTF-8]</dt><dd>F. Yergeau. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3629.txt"><cite>UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646</cite></a>. IETF RFC 3629. November 2003. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3629.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3629.txt</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-XML-NAMES">[XML-NAMES]</dt><dd>Richard Tobin; et al. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/"><cite>Namespaces in XML 1.0 (Third Edition).</cite></a> 8 December 2009. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/</a> 
+</dd><dt id="bib-XML11">[XML11]</dt><dd>Eve Maler; et al. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816"><cite>Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.1 (Second Edition).</cite></a> 16 August 2006. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816">http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816</a> 
+</dd><dt id="bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">[XMLSCHEMA11-2]</dt><dd>Henry S. Thompson; et al. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/"><cite>W3C XML Schema Definition Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 2: Datatypes.</cite></a> 5 April 2012. W3C Recommendation URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/</a> 
+</dd></dl></div><div id="informative-references" class="section"><h3><span class="secno">C.2 </span>Informative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-PROV-AQ">[PROV-AQ]</dt><dd>Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/</a>.
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">[PROV-OVERVIEW]</dt><dd>AUTHORS TBD. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/"><cite>PROV-OVERVIEW: The PROV Family of Documents</cite></a>. 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/</a>.
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-PRIMER">[PROV-PRIMER]</dt><dd>Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. 2012, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/</a>.
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-RDF">[PROV-RDF]</dt><dd>James Cheney <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF"><cite>PROV-RDF Mapping </cite></a>2012, Working in Progress. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-SEM">[PROV-SEM]</dt><dd>James Cheney. <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. 2011, Work in progress. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>.
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-XML">[PROV-XML]</dt><dd>Hook Hua, Curt Tilmes, and Stephan Zednik (eds.) Luc Moreau. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/"><cite>PROV-XML: The PROV XML Schema</cite></a>. 2012, Candidate Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/</a>.
+</dd><dt id="bib-UNISEC">[UNISEC]</dt><dd> Mark Davis and Michel Suignard. <a href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/"><cite>Unicode Security Considerations<cite></cite></cite></a>.  4 August 2010. URL: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/">http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/</a>
+</dd></dl></div></div></body></html>
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
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+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_date { color: blue; font-weight: bold; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_time, pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_file { color: #00008B; font-weight: bold; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_ip, pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_name { color: #006400; }
+
+/* for Prolog, Perl... */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_variable { color: #006400; }
+
+/* for LaTeX */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_italics { color: #006400; font-style: italic; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_bold { color: #006400; font-weight: bold; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_underline { color: #006400; text-decoration: underline; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_fixed { color: green; font-family: monospace; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_argument { color: #006400; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_optionalargument { color: purple; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_math { color: orange; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_bibtex { color: blue; }
+
+/* for diffs */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_oldfile { color: orange; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_newfile { color: #006400; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_difflines { color: blue; }
+
+/* for css */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_selector { color: purple; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_property { color: blue; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_value { color: #006400; font-style: italic; }
+
+/* other */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_section { color: black; font-weight: bold; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_paren { color: red; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_attribute { color: #006400; }
+
+</span></style>
+<style type="text/css"><span class="insert">
+/* --- EDITORIAL NOTES --- */
+.pending {
+    padding:    1em;
+    </span>margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #BFEFFF;
+}
+
+.pending::before {
+    content:    "Pending Review";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+.resolved {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #9BCD9B;
+}
+
+.resolved::before {
+    content:    "Resolved";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+.inference<span class="insert"> {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+
+.inference-example</span> {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+/* .inference[id]::before { */
+/*     content:    "Inference: " attr(id); */
+/*     width:  380px;  /\* How can we compute the length of "Constraint: " attr(id) *\/ */
+/* } */
+
+
+/* .inference::before { */
+/*     content:    "Inference"; */
+/*     display:    block; */
+/*     width:  150px; */
+/*     margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0; */
+/*     font-weight:    bold; */
+/*     border: 1px solid #f00; */
+/*     background: #fff; */
+/*     padding:    3px 1em; */
+/* } */
+
+.syntax {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.syntax[id]::before {
+    content:    "Syntax: " attr(id);
+    width:  380px;  /* How can we compute the length of "Constraint: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.syntax::before {
+    content:    "Syntax";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+.unamedconstraint {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+
+.unamedconstraint::before {
+    content:    "Constraint";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+
+.constraint {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+<span class="insert">.constraint-example {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+</span>/* .constraint[id]::before { */
+/*     content:    "Constraint: " attr(id); */
+/*     width:  380px;  /\* How can we compute the length of "Constraint: " attr(id) *\/ */
+/* } */
+
+
+/* .constraint::before { */
+/*     content:    "Constraint"; */
+/*     display:    block; */
+/*     width:  150px; */
+/*     margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0; */
+/*     font-weight:    bold; */
+/*     border: 1px solid #00f; */
+/*     background: #fff; */
+/*     padding:    3px 1em; */
+/* } */
+
+
+
+.interpretation {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.interpretation[id]::before {
+    content:    "Interpretation: " attr(id);
+    width:  380px;  /* How can we compute the length of "Interpretation: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.interpretation::before {
+    content:    "Interpretation";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+.definition {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #777;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+<span class="insert">.definition-example {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #777;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+</span>/* .definition[id]::before { */
+/*     content:    "Definition: " attr(id); */
+/*     width:  380px;  */
+/* } */
+
+
+/* .definition::before { */
+/*     content:    "Definition"; */
+/*     display:    block; */
+/*     width:  150px; */
+/*     margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0; */
+/*     font-weight:    bold; */
+/*     border: 1px solid #000; */
+/*     background: #fff; */
+/*     padding:    3px 1em; */
+/* } */
+
+
+.deprecatedconstraint {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.deprecatedconstraint[id]::before {
+    content:    "Deprecated: " attr(id);
+    width:  380px;  /* How can we compute the length of "Deprecatedconstraint: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.deprecatedconstraint::before {
+    content:    "Deprecated";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #00f;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+.glossary-ref {
+    font-style:    italic;
+}
+
+.dfn {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+}
+
+
+.attribute {
+    font-style: italic;
+}
+
+
+.conditional {
+    color: blue;
+}
+
+.grammar {
+    margin-top: 1ex;
+    margin-bottom: 1ex;
+    padding-left: 1ex;
+    padding-right: 1ex;
+    padding-top: 1ex;
+    padding-bottom: 0.6ex;
+    border: 1px dashed #2f6fab;
+    font-size: 95%;
+}
+.nonterminal {
+    font-weight: bold;
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+    font-size: 95%;
+}
+
+.name {
+    font-family: monospace;
+}<span class="insert">
+
+.math {
+    font-family: roman;
+    font-style:italic;
+}</span>
+
+
+.xmpl {
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+}
+
+.xmpl::before {
+    content:    "Example";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #f00;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+/*
+.anexample[count]::before {
+    content: "Example " attr(count) ;
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+    font-size: 1.6ex;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.anexample:before {
+    content: "Example:";
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+    font-size: 1.6ex;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+*/
+
+.anexample {
+    margin-top: 1ex;
+    margin-bottom: 1ex;
+    padding-left: 1ex;
+    padding-right: 1ex;
+    padding-top: 1ex;
+    padding-bottom: 0.6ex;
+    border: 1px dashed #2f6fab;
+    background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+.anexample table {
+    background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+
+.conceptexample:before {
+    content: "Example:";
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+    font-size: 1.6ex;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+.conceptexample {
+    margin-top: 1ex;
+    margin-bottom: 1ex;
+    padding-left: 1ex;
+    padding-right: 1ex;
+    padding-top: 1ex;
+    padding-bottom: 0.6ex;
+    border: 1px dashed #2f6fab;
+    background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+
+.pnExpression {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:120%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="name"]:before {
+    content: "'";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="name"]:after {
+    content: "'";
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="optional"]:before {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="optional"]:after {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: ")?";
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="plus"]:before {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="plus"]:after {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: ")+";
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="star"]:before {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="star"]:after {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: ")*";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="choice"]:before {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="choice"]:after {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: ")";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="group"]:before {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="group"]:after {
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size:130%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    content: ")";
+}
+
+table {
+    background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+
+.component1-color {
+ background-color: rgba(255,42,42,0.2);
+}
+
+.component2-color {
+ background-color: rgba(0,68,170,0.2);
+}
+
+.component3-color {
+ background-color: rgba(0,170,0,0.2);
+}
+.component4-color {
+ background-color: rgba(204,255,0,0.2);
+}
+
+.component5-color {
+ background-color: rgba(11,40,40,0.2);
+}
+
+.component6-color {
+ background-color: rgba(244,105,14,0.2);
+}
+
+.interpretation-forward::before {
+    content:    "Interpretation: ";
+    font-weight:    bold;
+}
+
+.structural-forward::before {
+    content:    "Structural constraint: ";
+    font-weight:    bold;
+}
+
+
+code {
+    color:  black;
+}
+
+.ruleTitle {
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+    font-size: 1.6ex;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}<span class="delete">
+
+      .note</span><span class="insert">
+
+
+
+
+.remark</span> {<span class="delete"> font-size:small; margin-left:50px </span><span class="insert">
+    padding:    1em;
+    margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+    border: 1px dashed #000;
+    background: #F0F0F0;
+</span>}
+<span class="insert">
+
+.remark::before {
+    content:    "Remark";
+    display:    block;
+    width:  150px;
+    margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    border: 1px solid #000;
+    background: #fff;
+    padding:    3px 1em;
+}
+
+</span>table.thinborder {
+	border-width: 1px;
+	border-spacing: 0px;
+	border-style: none;
+	border-color: gray;
+	border-collapse: collapse;
+}
+table.thinborder th {
+	border-width: 1px;
+	padding: 0px;
+	border-style: solid;
+	border-color: gray;
+}
+table.thinborder td {
+	border-width: 1px;
+	padding: 2px;
+	border-style: solid;
+	border-color: gray;
+}
+
+
+
+</style>
+
+    
+
+
+     
+     
+    
+    
+
+    
+
+
+    
+
+     
+  <span class="delete">
+/*****************************************************************
+ * ReSpec CSS
+ * Robin Berjon (robin at berjon dot com)
+ * v0.05 - 2009-07-31
+ *****************************************************************/
+
+
+/* --- INLINES --- */
+em.rfc2119 { 
+    text-transform:     lowercase;
+    font-variant:       small-caps;
+    font-style:         normal;
+    color:              #900;
+}
+
+h1 acronym, h2 acronym, h3 acronym, h4 acronym, h5 acronym, h6 acronym, a acronym,
+h1 abbr, h2 abbr, h3 abbr, h4 abbr, h5 abbr, h6 abbr, a abbr {
+    border: none;
+}
+
+dfn {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+}
+
+a.internalDFN {
+    color:  inherit;
+    border-bottom:  1px solid #99c;
+    text-decoration:    none;
+}
+
+a.externalDFN {
+    color:  inherit;
+    border-bottom:  1px dotted #ccc;
+    text-decoration:    none;
+}
+
+a.bibref {
+    text-decoration:    none;
+}
+
+code {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+}
+
+
+/* --- WEB IDL --- */
+pre.idl {
+    border-top: 1px solid #90b8de;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #90b8de;
+    padding:    1em;
+    line-height:    120%;
+}
+
+pre.idl::before {
+    content:    "WebIDL";
+    display:    block;
+    width:      150px;
+    background: #90b8de;
+    color:  #fff;
+    font-family:    initial;
+    padding:    3px;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    margin: -1em 0 1em -1em;
+}
+
+.idlType {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    text-decoration:    none;
+}
+
+/*.idlModule*/
+/*.idlModuleID*/
+/*.idlInterface*/
+.idlInterfaceID, .idlDictionaryID {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+
+.idlSuperclass {
+    font-style: italic;
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+
+/*.idlAttribute*/
+.idlAttrType, .idlFieldType, .idlMemberType {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+.idlAttrName, .idlFieldName, .idlMemberName {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+}
+.idlAttrName a, .idlFieldName a, .idlMemberName a {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+    border-bottom:  1px dotted #ff4500;
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/*.idlMethod*/
+.idlMethType {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+.idlMethName {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+}
+.idlMethName a {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+    border-bottom:  1px dotted #ff4500;
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/*.idlParam*/
+.idlParamType {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+.idlParamName {
+    font-style: italic;
+}
+
+.extAttr {
+    color:  #666;
+}
+
+/*.idlConst*/
+.idlConstType {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+.idlConstName {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+}
+.idlConstName a {
+    color:  #ff4500;
+    border-bottom:  1px dotted #ff4500;
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/*.idlException*/
+.idlExceptionID {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    color:  #c00;
+}
+
+.idlTypedefID, .idlTypedefType {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+}
+
+.idlRaises, .idlRaises a.idlType, .idlRaises a.idlType code, .excName a, .excName a code {
+    color:  #c00;
+    font-weight:    normal;
+}
+
+.excName a {
+    font-family:    monospace;
+}
+
+.idlRaises a.idlType, .excName a.idlType {
+    border-bottom:  1px dotted #c00;
+}
+
+.excGetSetTrue, .excGetSetFalse, .prmNullTrue, .prmNullFalse, .prmOptTrue, .prmOptFalse {
+    width:  45px;
+    text-align: center;
+}
+.excGetSetTrue, .prmNullTrue, .prmOptTrue { color:  #0c0; }
+.excGetSetFalse, .prmNullFalse, .prmOptFalse { color:  #c00; }
+
+.idlImplements a {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+}
+
+dl.attributes, dl.methods, dl.constants, dl.fields, dl.dictionary-members {
+    margin-left:    2em;
+}
+
+.attributes dt, .methods dt, .constants dt, .fields dt, .dictionary-members dt {
+    font-weight:    normal;
+}
+
+.attributes dt code, .methods dt code, .constants dt code, .fields dt code, .dictionary-members dt code {
+    font-weight:    bold;
+    color:  #000;
+    font-family:    monospace;
+}
+
+.attributes dt code, .fields dt code, .dictionary-members dt code {
+    background:  #ffffd2;
+}
+
+.attributes dt .idlAttrType code, .fields dt .idlFieldType code, .dictionary-members dt .idlMemberType code {
+    color:  #005a9c;
+    background:  transparent;
+    font-family:    inherit;
+    font-weight:    normal;
+    font-style: italic;
+}
+
+.methods dt code {
+    background:  #d9e6f8;
+}
+
+.constants dt code {
+    background:  #ddffd2;
+}
+
+.attributes dd, .methods dd, .constants dd, .fields dd, .dictionary-members dd {
+    margin-bottom:  1em;
+}
+
+table.parameters, table.exceptions {
+    border-spacing: 0;
+    border-collapse:    collapse;
+    margin: 0.5em 0;
+    width:  100%;
+}
+table.parameters { border-bottom:  1px solid #90b8de; }
+table.exceptions { border-bottom:  1px solid #deb890; }
+
+.parameters th, .exceptions th {
+    color:  #fff;
+    padding:    3px 5px;
+    text-align: left;
+    font-family:    initial;
+    font-weight:    normal;
+    text-shadow:    #666 1px 1px 0;
+}
+.parameters th { background: #90b8de; }
+.exceptions th { background: #deb890; }
+
+.parameters td, .exceptions td {
+    padding:    3px 10px;
+    border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
+    vertical-align: top;
+}
+
+.parameters tr:first-child td, .exceptions tr:first-child td {
+    border-top: none;
+}
+
+.parameters td.prmName, .exceptions td.excName, .exceptions td.excCodeName {
+    width:  100px;
+}
+
+.parameters td.prmType {
+    width:  120px;
+}
+
+table.exceptions table {
+    border-spacing: 0;
+    border-collapse:    collapse;
+    width:  100%;
+}
+
+/* --- TOC --- */
+.toc a {
+    text-decoration:    none;
+}
+
+a .secno {
+    color:  #000;
+}
+
+/* --- TABLE --- */
+table.simple {
+    border-spacing: 0;
+    border-collapse:    collapse;
+    border-bottom:  3px solid #005a9c;
+}
+
+.simple th {
+    background: #005a9c;
+    color:  #fff;
+    padding:    3px 5px;
+    text-align: left;
+}
+
+.simple th[scope="row"] {
+    background: inherit;
+    color:  inherit;
+    border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
+}
+
+.simple td {
+    padding:    3px 10px;
+    border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
+}
+
+.simple tr:nth-child(even) {
+    background: #f0f6ff;
+}
+
+/* --- DL --- */
+.section dd > p:first-child {
+    margin-top: 0;
+}
+
+.section dd > p:last-child {
+    margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+.section dd {
+    margin-bottom:  1em;
+}
+
+.section dl.attrs dd, .section dl.eldef dd {
+    margin-bottom:  0;
+}
+
+/* --- EXAMPLES --- */
+pre.example {
+    border-top: 1px solid #ff4500;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #ff4500;
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+</span><link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-CR" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" charset="utf-8"></head> 
+   
+
+  <body style="display: inherit; "><div class="head"><p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img width="72" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" alt="W3C"></a></p><h1 class="title" id="title">PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</h1><h2 id="w3c-candidate-recommendation-11-december-2012"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> <span class="delete">Working Draft 24 July</span><span class="insert">Candidate Recommendation 11 December</span> 2012</h2><dl><dt>This version:</dt><dd><span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/</span></a></dd><dt>Latest published version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a></dd><dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt><dd><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html</a></dd><dt>Previous version:</dt><dd><span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120503/</span><span class="delete">  (</span><span class="delete">color-coded diffs</span><span class="delete">)</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-n-20120724/</span></a></dd><dt>Editors:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/">Luc Moreau</a>, University of Southampton</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier">Paolo Missier</a>, Newcastle University</dd>
+<dt>Contributors:</dt><dd><a href="http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jcheney/">James Cheney</a>, University of Edinburgh</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://soiland-reyes.com/stian/">Stian Soiland-Reyes</a>, University of Manchester</dd>
+</dl><p class="copyright"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> © 2012 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym></a><sup>®</sup> (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.</p><hr></div> 
+
+     
+    <div id="abstract" class="introductory section"><h2>Abstract</h2>
+
+<p>
+Provenance is information about entities, activities, and people
+involved in producing a piece of data or thing, which can be used
+ to form assessments about its quality, reliability or trustworthiness.
+PROV-DM is the conceptual data model that forms a basis for the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>
+provenance (PROV) family of specifications.
+PROV-DM distinguishes core structures, forming the essence of provenance information, from
+extended structures catering for more specific uses of provenance. 
+PROV-DM is organized in six components, respectively dealing with: 
+(1) entities and activities, and the time at which they were created, used, or ended;
+(2) derivations of entities from entities;
+(3) agents bearing responsibility for entities that were generated and activities that happened;
+(4) a notion of bundle, a mechanism to support provenance of provenance; and,
+(5) properties to link entities that refer to the same thing;
+(6) collections forming a logical structure for its members.
+</p>
+<p>To provide examples of the PROV data model, the PROV notation (PROV-N) is introduced: aimed at human consumption, PROV-N allows serializations of PROV
+instances to be created in a compact manner. PROV-N facilitates the
+mapping of the PROV data model to concrete syntax, and is used as the basis for a
+formal semantics of PROV.  The purpose of this document is to define the PROV-N notation.
+</p>
+    </div><div id="sotd" class="introductory section"><h2>Status of This Document</h2><p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> technical reports index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em></p>
+<span class="delete">Last Call</span><h4 id="prov-family-of-documents"><span class="insert">PROV Family of Documents</span></h4>
+
+This <span class="insert">document </span>is <span class="insert">part of the PROV family of documents, </span>a <span class="delete">Last Call Working Draft. The design is not expected to change significantly, going forward, and now is the key time for external review.</span>
+
+<span class="delete">This specification identifies one  </span><span class="delete">feature at risk</span><span class="delete">: the expression Mention </span><span class="delete">(section 3.5.3)</span><span class="delete"> might be removed from PROV if implementation experience reveals problems with supporting this construct.</span>
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">PROV Family</span><span class="insert">set</span> of <span class="delete">Specifications</span><span class="delete">
+This document is part of the PROV family of specifications, a set of specifications</span><span class="insert">documents</span> defining various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
+interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web.  <span class="delete">The specifications</span><span class="insert">These documents</span> are:
+<ul>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/"><span class="insert">PROV-OVERVIEW</span></a><span class="insert"> (Note), an overview of the PROV family of documents [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW"><span class="insert">PROV-OVERVIEW</span></a></cite><span class="insert">];</span></li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/"><span class="insert">PROV-PRIMER</span></a><span class="insert"> (Note), a primer for the PROV data model [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-PRIMER"><span class="insert">PROV-PRIMER</span></a></cite><span class="insert">];</span></li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/"><span class="insert">PROV-O</span></a><span class="insert"> (Recommendation), the PROV ontology, an OWL2 ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-O"><span class="insert">PROV-O</span></a></cite><span class="insert">];</span></li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/">PROV-DM</a><span class="delete">,</span><span class="insert"> (Recommendation),</span> the PROV data model for <span class="delete">provenance;</span><span class="insert">provenance [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM"><span class="insert">PROV-DM</span></a></cite><span class="insert">];</span></li>
+<li> <span class="delete">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</span><span class="delete">, a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model;</span>
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/">PROV-N</a><span class="delete">,</span><span class="insert"> (Recommendation),</span> a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption  (this document);</li>
+<li> <span class="delete">PROV-O</span><span class="delete">,</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/"><span class="insert">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</span></a><span class="insert"> (Recommendation), a set of constraints applying to</span> the PROV <span class="delete">ontology, </span><span class="insert">data model [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS"><span class="insert">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</span></a></cite><span class="insert">];</span></li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/"><span class="insert">PROV-AQ</span></a><span class="insert"> (Note), the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-AQ"><span class="insert">PROV-AQ</span></a></cite><span class="insert">]; </span></li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/"><span class="insert">PROV-XML</span></a><span class="insert"> (Note),  </span>an <span class="delete">OWL2 ontology allowing the mapping of</span><span class="insert">XML schema for the</span> PROV <span class="delete">to RDF;</span><span class="insert">data model [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-XML"><span class="insert">PROV-XML</span></a></cite><span class="insert">].</span></li>
+ <span class="delete">PROV-AQ</span><span class="delete">, the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance; </span>
+ <span class="delete">PROV-PRIMER</span><span class="delete">, a primer for the PROV data model.</span>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+<h4 id="how-to-read-the-prov-family-of-specifications">How to read the PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>The primer is the entry point to PROV offering an introduction to the provenance model.</li>
+<li>The Linked Data and Semantic Web community should focus on PROV-O defining PROV classes and properties specified in an OWL2 ontology. For further details, PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS specify the constraints applicable to the data model, and its interpretation. </li>
+
+<li>Developers seeking to retrieve or publish provenance should focus on PROV-AQ.</li>
+<li>Readers seeking to implement other PROV serializations
+should focus on PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS.  PROV-O and PROV-N offer examples of mapping to RDF and text, respectively.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/">Provenance Working Group</a> as a <span class="delete">Last Call Working Draft.</span><span class="insert">Candidate Recommendation.</span> This document is intended to become a <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation. If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to <a href="mailto:public-prov-comments@w3.org">public-prov-comments@w3.org</a> (<a href="mailto:public-prov-comments-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>, <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/">archives</a>). <span class="delete">The Last Call period ends 18 September 2012.</span><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium"><span class="insert">W3C</span></acronym><span class="insert"> publishes a Candidate Recommendation to indicate that the document is believed to be stable and to encourage implementation by the developer community. This Candidate Recommendation is expected to advance to Proposed Recommendation no earlier than 31 January 2013.</span> All feedback is welcome.</p><p>Publication as a <span class="delete">Working Draft</span><span class="insert">Candidate Recommendation</span> does not imply endorsement by the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.<span class="delete">This is a Last Call Working Draft and thus the Working Group has determined that this document has satisfied the relevant technical requirements and is sufficiently stable to advance through the Technical Recommendation process.</span></p><p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>. <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>.</p></div><div id="toc" class="section"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#introduction" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#purpose" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.1 </span>Purpose of this Document and Target Audience</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#compliance-with-this-document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">1.2 </span></span><span class="insert">Compliance with this Document</span></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#structure-of-this-document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">1.2</span><span class="insert">1.3</span> </span>Structure of this Document</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#notational-conventions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">1.3</span><span class="insert">1.4</span> </span>Notational Conventions</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#general-conventions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>General grammar considerations</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#functional-syntax" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1 </span>Functional-style Syntax</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#grammar-notation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2 </span>EBNF Grammar</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#main-productions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Main Productions</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-n-optionals" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.4 </span>Optional terms in expressions</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-n-standard-terms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.5 </span>Identifiers and attributes</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#comments" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.6 </span>Comments</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-n-expressions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>PROV-N Productions per Component</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#component1" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1 </span>Component 1: Entities and Activities</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Entity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.1 </span>Entity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Activity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.2 </span>Activity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Generation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.3 </span>Generation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Usage" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.4 </span>Usage</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-wasInformedBy" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.5 </span>Communication</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Start" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.6 </span>Start</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-End" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.7 </span>End</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Invalidation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.8 </span>Invalidation</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component2" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2 </span>Component 2: Derivations</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#Derivation-Relation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.1 </span>Derivation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Revision" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.2 </span>Revision</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-quotation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.3 </span>Quotation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-primary-source" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.4 </span>Primary Source</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component3" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3 </span>Component 3: Agents, Responsibility, and Influence</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Agent" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.1 </span>Agent</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-attribution" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.2 </span>Attribution</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Association" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.3 </span>Association</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-delegation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.4 </span>Delegation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-influence" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3.5 </span>Influence</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component4" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.4 </span>Component 4: Bundles</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-bundle-constructor" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.4.1 </span>Bundle Constructor</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-bundle-type" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.4.2 </span>Bundle Type</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component5" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.5 </span>Component 5: Alternate Entities</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-alternate" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.5.1 </span>Alternate</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-specialization" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.5.2 </span>Specialization</a></li><span class="delete">3.5.3 </span><span class="delete">Mention</span></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component6" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.6 </span>Component 6: Collections</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-collection" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.6.1 </span>Collection</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-collection-membership" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.6.2 </span>Membership</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#subexpressions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7 </span>Further Expressions</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-identifier" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.1 </span>Identifier</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-attribute" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.2 </span>Attribute</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-literal" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.3 </span>Literal</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-types" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.3.1 </span>Reserved Type Values</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-Time" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.3.2 </span>Time Values</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#expression-NamespaceDeclaration" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.4 </span>Namespace Declaration</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#semantic-rules-summary" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.7.5 </span>Summary of additional semantic rules</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span><span class="delete">Toplevel Bundle</span><span class="insert">Document</span></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#extensibility" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5. </span>Extensibility</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#media-type" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">6. </span>Media Type</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#changes-since-last-version" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">A. </span></span><span class="insert">Changes since last version</span></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">A.</span><span class="insert">B.</span> </span>Acknowledgements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">B.</span><span class="insert">C.</span> </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">B.1</span><span class="insert">C.1</span> </span>Normative references</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">B.2</span><span class="insert">C.2</span> </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></div> 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div id="introduction" class="section"> 
+<h2><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</h2>
+
+<p> Provenance is a record that describes the people,
+institutions, entities, and activities, involved in producing,
+influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a thing in the world.  Two
+companion specifications respectively define PROV-DM, a data model for
+provenance, allowing provenance descriptions to be expressed  [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>]  and a set of constraints that provenance descriptions are expected to satisfy   [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>].
+</p>
+
+<div id="purpose" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">1.1 </span>Purpose of this Document and Target Audience</h3>
+
+A key goal of PROV is the specification of a machine-processable data model for provenance. However, communicating provenance between humans is also important when teaching, illustrating, formalizing, and discussing provenance-related issues. 
+
+
+
+With these two requirements in mind, this document introduces PROV-N, the PROV notation, a syntax designed to  write instances of the PROV data model according to the following design principles:
+<ul>
+<li>Technology independence. PROV-N provides a simple syntax that can be mapped to several technologies.
+
+</li><li>Human readability. PROV-N follows a functional syntax style that is meant to be easily human-readable so it can be used in illustrative examples, such as those presented in the PROV documents <span class="delete">suite;</span><span class="insert">suite</span>
+
+</li><li>Formality. PROV-N is defined through a formal grammar amenable to be used with parser generators.
+
+ </li></ul>
+  
+PROV-N has several known uses:
+<ul>
+<li> It is the notation used in the examples found in  [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>], as well as in the definition of PROV constraints [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>]; </li>
+<li>  It is a source language for the encoding of PROV data model instances into a variety of target languages, including amongst others  RDF [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-RDF">PROV-RDF</a></cite>] and XML [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>]; </li>
+<li> It provides the basis for a formal semantics of the PROV data model  [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-SEM">PROV-SEM</a></cite>], in which an interpretation is given to each element of the PROV-N language.
+</li></ul>
+
+<p>This document introduces the PROV-N grammar along with examples of its usage.</p>
+<p>Its target audience is twofold:
+</p><ul>
+<li>Developers of provenance management applications, as well as implementors of new PROV data model encodings, and thus in particular of PROV-N parsers. These readers may be interested in the entire structure of the grammar, starting from the top level nonterminal 
+<code><span class="delete">bundle</span><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-document"><span class="insert">document</span></a></code>.</li>
+<li>Readers of the  [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] and of  [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>] documents, who are interested in the details of the formal language underpinning the notation used in the examples and in the definition of the constraints. Those readers may find the  <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></code> nonterminal a useful entry point into the grammar.</li>
+</ul>
+
+</div>
+
+    
+
+<div id="compliance-with-this-document" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno"><span class="insert">1.2 </span></span><span class="insert">Compliance with this Document</span></h3>
+
+
+<p><span class="insert">For the purpose of compliance, all sections of this document are normative, except 
+</span><a href="#changes-since-last-version"><span class="insert">Appendix A</span></a><span class="insert">, 
+</span><a href="#acknowledgements"><span class="insert">Appendix B</span></a><span class="insert">,  and
+</span><a href="#informative-references"><span class="insert">Appendix C.2</span></a><span class="insert">.
+</span></p><ul>
+<li><span class="insert"> Information in tables is normative. </span></li>
+<li><span class="insert"> Text in boxes labeled "Example" is informative.
+</span></li><li><span class="insert"> Productions (displayed in boxes) are normative, as opposed to the separate </span><a href="grammar.txt"><span class="insert">file</span></a><span class="insert"> grouping  all productions for convenience of programmers, which is informative.
+</span></li></ul>
+</div>
+
+
+    <div id="structure-of-this-document" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno"><span class="delete">1.2</span><span class="insert">1.3</span> </span>Structure of this Document</h3>
+
+<p>This document is structured as follows.
+
+</p><p><a href="#general-conventions">Section 2</a> provides general consideration about the PROV-N grammar.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#prov-n-expressions">Section 3</a> presents the grammar of all expressions of the language grouped according to the PROV data model components.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#document">Section 4</a> defines the grammar of <span class="delete">toplevel bundles,</span><span class="insert">document,</span> a house-keeping construct of PROV-N capable of packaging up PROV-N expressions and namespace declarations.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#extensibility">Section 5</a> defines the extensibility mechanism for the PROV-N notation.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#media-type">Section 6</a> defines media type for the PROV-N notation.</p>
+
+
+    </div> 
+
+
+<div id="notational-conventions" class="section">
+ <h3><span class="secno"><span class="delete">1.3</span><span class="insert">1.4</span> </span>Notational Conventions</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>The key words "<em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="must not">must not</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="required">required</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="shall">shall</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="shall
+      not">shall
+      not</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="should">should</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="should not">should not</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="recommended">recommended</em>",  "<em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em>", and
+      "<em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em>" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
+      [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC2119">RFC2119</a></cite>].</p>
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+The following namespaces prefixes are used throughout this document.
+
+</p><div style="text-align: left;">
+<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="namespace-table">Table 1: Prefix and Namespaces used in this specification</caption>
+<tbody><tr><td><a><b>prefix</b></a></td><td><b>namespace uri</b></td> <td><b>definition</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>prov</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</td><td>The PROV namespace (see Section <a href="#expression-NamespaceDeclaration">3.7.4</a>)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>xsd</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema#</td><td>XML Schema Namespace [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">XMLSCHEMA11-2</a></cite>]</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>(others)</a></td><td>(various)</td><td>All other namespace prefixes are used in examples only. <br> In particular, URIs starting with "http://example.com" represent<br> some application-dependent URI [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-URI">URI</a></cite>]</td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+</div> 
+
+</div> 
+
+<div id="general-conventions" class="section">
+<h2><span class="secno">2. </span>General grammar considerations</h2>
+
+<p><span class="insert">For convenience, all productions presented in this document have been grouped in a
+separate </span><a href="grammar.txt"><span class="insert">file</span></a><span class="insert">.</span></p>
+
+<div id="functional-syntax" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">2.1 </span>Functional-style Syntax</h3>
+
+<p> PROV-N adopts a functional-style syntax consisting of a predicate name and an ordered list of terms.</p>
+
+<p>
+All PROV data model types have an identifier. Furthermore, some expressions also admit additional elements that further characterize it. </p>
+<div class="anexample" id="example_1"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_1">Example 1</a></div>
+<p>The following expression should be read as "entity <span class="name">e1</span>". 
+</p><pre class="codeexample">entity(e1)
+</pre>
+  </div>
+<div class="anexample" id="example_2"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_2">Example 2</a></div>
+<p>The following expression should be read as "activity <span class="name">a2</span>, which occurred
+between <code>2011-11-16T16:00:00</code> and <code>2011-11-16T16:00:01</code>". 
+</p><pre class="codeexample">entity(e1)
+activity(a2, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, 2011-11-16T16:00:01)
+</pre>
+  </div>
+
+<p>
+All PROV data model relations involve two primary elements, the <em>subject</em> and the <em>object</em>, in this order. Furthermore, some expressions also admit additional elements that further characterize it.
+</p><div class="anexample" id="example_3"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_3">Example 3</a></div>
+<p>The following expression should be read as "<span class="name">e2</span> was derived from <span class="name">e1</span>". Here <span class="name">e2</span> is the subject, and  <span class="name">e1</span> is the object.
+</p><pre class="codeexample">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1)
+</pre>
+  </div>
+  
+<div class="anexample" id="example_4"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_4">Example 4</a></div>
+<p>The following expression expands the above derivation relation by providing
+additional elements the optional activity <span class="name">a</span>, the generation <span class="name">g2</span>, and the usage <span class="name">u1</span>:
+</p><pre class="codeexample">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="grammar-notation" class="section">
+<h3><span class="secno">2.2 </span>EBNF Grammar</h3>
+
+<p>The grammar is specified using a subset of the Extended Backus-Naur
+Form (EBNF) notation, as defined in Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.1
+[<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XML11">XML11</a></cite>] section <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816/#sec-notation">6
+Notation</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The text below provides an introduction to the EBNF notation used in
+this document.</p>
+
+
+<p>
+  EBNF specifies a series of production rules (<dfn id="dfn-production">production</dfn>). 
+A production rule in the grammar defines a symbol 
+ <code class="grammarRef">expr</code>  (<dfn id="dfn-nonterminal-symbol">nonterminal symbol</dfn>)
+  using the following form:</p>
+
+
+<div class="grammar">
+ <code class="grammarRef">expr</code> &nbsp;::= <em>term</em>
+</div>
+<p>Symbols are written with an initial capital letter if they are the start symbol of a regular language, otherwise with an initial lowercase letter. 
+A production rule in the grammar defines a symbol 
+ <code class="grammarRef">&lt;TERMINAL&gt;</code>  (<dfn id="dfn-terminal-symbol">terminal symbol</dfn>)
+  using the following form:</p>
+<div class="grammar">
+ <code class="grammarRef">&lt;TERMINAL&gt;</code> &nbsp;::= <em>term</em>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<p>Within the term on the right-hand side of a rule, the following
+<em>term</em>s are used to match strings of one or more characters:
+</p><ul>
+<li> 
+ <code class="grammarRef">expr</code>: matches production for nonterminal symbol <code class="grammarRef">expr</code>
+</li>
+
+
+<li> 
+ <code class="grammarRef">TERMINAL</code>: matches production for terminal symbol <code class="grammarRef">TERMINAL</code>
+</li>
+
+<li> 
+ <code class="grammarRef">"abc"</code>: matches the literal string inside the single quotes.
+</li>
+
+
+<li> 
+ <code class="grammarRef">(term)?</code>: optional, matches <em>term</em> or nothing.
+</li>
+
+<li> 
+ <code class="grammarRef">(term)+</code>: matches one or more occurrences of <em>term</em>.
+</li>
+
+<li> 
+ <code class="grammarRef">(term)*</code>: matches zero or more occurrences of <em>term</em>.
+</li>
+
+<li> 
+ <code class="grammarRef">(term | term)</code>: matches one of the two <em>terms</em>.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+<p>Where suitable, the PROV-N grammar reuses production and terminal names of the SPARQL grammar [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-SPARQL-QUERY">RDF-SPARQL-QUERY</a></cite>].</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="main-productions" class="section">
+<h3><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Main Productions</h3>
+
+<p>Two productions are entry points to the grammar.</p>
+
+<p>The production <code class="grammarRef"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></code>
+provides the structure for the <em>core expressions</em> of PROV-N. 
+
+
+
+
+</p><table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-expression" name="prod-expression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">2</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">expression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-entityExpression">entityExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-activityExpression">activityExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-generationExpression">generationExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-usageExpression">usageExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-startExpression">startExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-endExpression">endExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-invalidationExpression">invalidationExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-communicationExpression">communicationExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agentExpression">agentExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-associationExpression">associationExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-attributionExpression">attributionExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-delegationExpression">delegationExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-derivationExpression">derivationExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-influenceExpression">influenceExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-alternateExpression">alternateExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-specializationExpression">specializationExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><span class="delete">mentionExpression</span><span class="delete"> | </span><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-membershipExpression">membershipExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityExpression">extensibilityExpression</a></span> )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>Each of the symbols included in <code>expression</code> above, i.e., <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-entityExpression">entityExpression</a></code>,  <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-activityExpression">activityExpression</a></code> etc., corresponds to one concept (e.g., Entity, Activity, etc.) of the PROV data model.</p>
+
+
+<p>Alternatively,  the production rule <code><a href="#prod-document"><span class="grammarRef"><span class="delete">bundle</span><span class="insert">document</span></span></a></code>
+provides the overall structure of PROV-N descriptions.  It is a wrapper  for
+ a set of expressions, such that the text for an element matches the corresponding <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></code> production,  and some namespace declarations.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="prov-n-optionals" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">2.4 </span>Optional terms in expressions</h3>
+
+Some terms in an expression may be optional. For example:
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_5"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_5">Example 5</a></div>
+<pre class="codeexample">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1)
+</pre>
+In a derivation expression, the activity, generation, and usage are optional terms. They are specified in the first derivation, but not in the second.
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_6"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_6">Example 6</a></div>
+<pre class="codeexample">activity(a2, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, 2011-11-16T16:00:01)
+activity(a1)
+</pre>
+The start and end times for <span class="delete">Activity </span><span class="delete">a1</span><span class="insert">an activity</span> are optional. They are specified in the first expression, but not in the second.
+</div>
+
+<p>The general rule for optionals is that, if <em>none</em> of the optionals are used in the expression, then they are simply omitted, resulting in a simpler expression as in the examples above.</p>
+However, it may be the case that only some of the optional terms are omitted. Because the position of the terms in the expression matters, an additional marker must be used to indicate that a particular term is not available. The symbol  <span class="name">'-'</span> is used for this purpose.
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_7"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_7">Example 7</a></div>
+<p>In the first expression below, all optionals are specified. However in the second and third, only one optional is specified, forcing the use of the marker for the missing terms. 
+
+</p><pre class="codeexample">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, -, -, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, -, -)
+</pre>
+</div>
+Note that the more succinct form is just shorthand for a complete expression with all the markers specified:
+<div class="anexample" id="example_8"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_8">Example 8</a></div>
+<pre class="codeexample">activity(a1)
+activity(a1, -, -)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="prov-n-standard-terms" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">2.5 </span>Identifiers and attributes</h3>
+
+<p>Almost all expressions defined in the grammar include an identifier (see <a href="#expression-identifier">Section 3.7.1</a> for the full syntax of identifiers). Most expressions
+can aslo include a set of attribute-value pairs, delimited by square brackets. Identifiers are optional except for Entities, Activites, and Agents. Identifiers are always the first term in any expression.  <em>Optional</em> identifiers <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be separated using a semi-colon ';', but where the identifiers are required, a regular comma ',' <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be used. This makes it possible to completely omit an optional identifier with no ambiguity arising. Also, if the set of attribute-value pairs is present, it is always the last term in any expression.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_9"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_9">Example 9</a></div>
+<p>Derivation has an optional identifier. In the first expression, the identifier is not available, while it is explicit in the second. The third example shows that one can optionally indicate the missing identifier using the <span class="name">-</span> marker. This is equivalent to the first expression. </p>
+<pre class="codeexample">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1)
+wasDerivedFrom(d; e2, e1)
+wasDerivedFrom(-; e2, e1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+Lack of attributes can be equivalently expressed by omitting the list, or by using an empty list.
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_10"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_10">Example 10</a></div>
+<p>The first and second activity expressions <span class="delete">have no</span><span class="insert">do not speciy any</span> attributes, and are equivalent.
+
+The third activity expression <span class="delete">has</span><span class="insert">specifies</span> two attributes. 
+</p><pre class="codeexample">activity(ex:a1)
+activity(ex:a1, [])
+activity(ex:a1, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="comments" class="section">
+<h3><span class="secno">2.6 </span>Comments</h3>
+
+
+Comments in PROV-N take two forms:
+<ul>
+<li> '//'  outside an <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rIRI_REF">IRI_REF</a></code> or <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-STRING_LITERAL">STRING_LITERAL</a></code>; such comments continue to the end of line (marked by characters U+000D or U+000A) or end of file if there is no end of line after the comment marker. 
+
+</li><li> '/*' ... '*/', outside an <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rIRI_REF">IRI_REF</a></code> or <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-STRING_LITERAL">STRING_LITERAL</a></code>.
+</li></ul>
+<p>Comments are treated as white space.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="prov-n-expressions" class="section"> 
+<h2><span class="secno">3. </span>PROV-N Productions per Component</h2>
+
+<p>This section  introduces grammar productions for each expression, followed by small examples of expressions illustrating the grammar. Strings conforming to the grammar are valid expressions in the PROV-N language.</p>
+
+<div id="component1" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">3.1 </span>Component 1: Entities and Activities</h3>
+
+<div id="expression-Entity" class="section"> 
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.1 </span>Entity</h4>
+
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+
+
+
+
+
+</p><table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-entityExpression" name="prod-entityExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">3</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">entityExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"entity" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs" name="prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs"></a>[<span class="prodNo">4</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">optionalAttributeValuePairs</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( "," "[" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-attributeValuePairs">attributeValuePairs</a></span> "]" )?</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-attributeValuePairs" name="prod-attributeValuePairs"></a>[<span class="prodNo">5</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">attributeValuePairs</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">(  | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-attributeValuePair">attributeValuePair</a></span> ( "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-attributeValuePair">attributeValuePair</a></span> )* )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-attributeValuePair" name="prod-attributeValuePair"></a>[<span class="prodNo">6</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">attributeValuePair</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-attribute">attribute</a></span> "=" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-literal">literal</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Entity maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-entity">Entity</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#entity.id"><span class="attribute" id="entity.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#entity.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="entity.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_11"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_11">Example 11</a></div>
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document" ])
+</pre>
+  Here <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is the entity identifier, and <span class="name">[ prov:type="document" ]</span> groups the optional attributes, only one in this example,  with their values.
+  <pre class="codeexample">
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215)
+</pre>
+Here, the optional attributes are absent.
+</div>
+
+
+
+</div> 
+<div id="expression-Activity" class="section"> 
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.2 </span>Activity</h4>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-activityExpression" name="prod-activityExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">7</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">activityExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"activity" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span> ( "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></span> )? <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-timeOrMarker" name="prod-timeOrMarker"></a>[<span class="prodNo">8</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">timeOrMarker</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-time">time</a></span> | "-" )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Activity maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-activity">Activity</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#activity.id"><span class="attribute" id="activity.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#activity.startTime"><span class="attribute" id="activity.startTime">startTime</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#activity.endTime"><span class="attribute" id="activity.endTime">endTime</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#activity.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="activity.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_12"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_12">Example 12</a></div>
+<pre class="codeexample">activity(ex:a10, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, 2011-11-16T16:00:01, [prov:type="createFile"])
+</pre>
+<p>Here <span class="name">ex:a10</span> is the  activity identifier, <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> and <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:01</span> are the optional start and end times for the activity, and <span class="name">[prov:type="createFile"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+<pre class="codeexample">activity(ex:a10)
+activity(ex:a10, -, -)
+activity(ex:a10, -, -, [prov:type="edit"])
+activity(ex:a10, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+activity(ex:a10, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, -)
+activity(ex:a10, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, -, [prov:type="createFile"])
+activity(ex:a10, [prov:type="edit"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+<div id="expression-Generation" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.3 </span>Generation</h4>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-generationExpression" name="prod-generationExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">9</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">generationExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"wasGeneratedBy" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> ( "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></span> )? <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-optionalIdentifier" name="prod-optionalIdentifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo">10</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">optionalIdentifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifierOrMarker">identifierOrMarker</a></span> ";" )?</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-identifierOrMarker" name="prod-identifierOrMarker"></a>[<span class="prodNo">11</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">identifierOrMarker</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span> | "-" )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+</table>
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Generation maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasgeneratedby">Generation</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.id"><span class="attribute" id="generation.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.entity"><span class="attribute" id="generation.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.activity"><span class="attribute" id="generation.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.time"><span class="attribute" id="generation.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="generation.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_13"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_13">Example 13</a></div>
+
+<pre class="codeexample">wasGeneratedBy(ex:g1; tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00,  [ex:fct="save"])
+</pre>
+<p>  Here <span class="name">ex:g1</span> is the optional generation identifier, <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is the identifier of the entity being generated,
+  <span class="name">ex:edit1</span> is the optional identifier of the generating activity, <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> is the optional generation time, and <span class="name"> [ex:fct="save"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+  
+<pre class="codeexample">wasGeneratedBy(e2, a1, -)
+wasGeneratedBy(e2, a1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasGeneratedBy(e2, a1, -, [ex:fct="save"])     
+wasGeneratedBy(e2, [ex:fct="save"])     
+wasGeneratedBy(ex:g1; e)
+wasGeneratedBy(ex:g1; e, a, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>Additional semantic rules (<a href="#semantic-rules-summary">Section 3.7.5</a>) apply to <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-generationExpression">generationExpression</a></code>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="expression-Usage" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.4 </span>Usage</h4>
+
+
+
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-usageExpression" name="prod-usageExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">12</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">usageExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"used" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></span> ( "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></span> )? <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Usage maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-used">Usage</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.id"><span class="attribute" id="usage.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.activity"><span class="attribute" id="usage.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.entity"><span class="attribute" id="usage.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.time"><span class="attribute" id="usage.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="usage.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_14"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_14">Example 14</a></div>
+  
+<pre class="codeexample">used(ex:u1; ex:act2, ar3:0111, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:fct="load"])
+ </pre>
+<p>  Here <span class="name">ex:u1</span> is the optional usage identifier,  <span class="name">ex:act2</span> is the identifier of the using activity,
+  <span class="name">ar3:0111</span> is the identifier of the entity being used,
+ <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> is the optional usage time, and <span class="name"> [ex:fct="load"]</span> are optional attributes.</p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+  <pre class="codeexample">used(ex:act2)
+used(ex:act2, ar3:0111, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+used(a1,e1, -, [ex:fct="load"])
+used(ex:u1; ex:act2, ar3:0111, -)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>Additional semantic rules (<a href="#semantic-rules-summary">Section 3.7.5</a>) apply to <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-usageExpression">usageExpression</a></code>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="expression-wasInformedBy" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.5 </span>Communication</h4>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-communicationExpression" name="prod-communicationExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">13</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">communicationExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"wasInformedBy" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+</table>
+
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Communication maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasinformedby">Communication</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#communication.id"><span class="attribute" id="communication.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#communication.informed"><span class="attribute" id="communication.informed">informed</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#communication.informant"><span class="attribute" id="communication.informant">informant</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#communication.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="communication.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_15"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_15">Example 15</a></div>
+<pre class="codeexample">wasInformedBy(ex:inf1; ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+</pre>
+<p>  Here <span class="name">ex:inf1</span> is the optional communication identifier,  <span class="name">ex:a1</span> is the identifier of the informed activity,
+  <span class="name">ex:a2</span> is the identifier of the informant activity,
+and <span class="name">[ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+<pre class="codeexample">wasInformedBy(ex:a1, ex:a2)
+wasInformedBy(ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+wasInformedBy(i; ex:a1, ex:a2)
+wasInformedBy(i; ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div id="expression-Start" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.6 </span>Start</h4>
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-startExpression" name="prod-startExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">14</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">startExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"wasStartedBy" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></span> ( "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></span> )? <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Start maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasstartedby">Start</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.id"><span class="attribute" id="start.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.activity"><span class="attribute" id="start.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.trigger"><span class="attribute" id="start.trigger">trigger</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.starter"><span class="attribute" id="start.starter">starter</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.time"><span class="attribute" id="start.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="start.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_16"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_16">Example 16</a></div>
+
+  <pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">wasStartedBy(s;</span><span class="insert">wasStartedBy(start;</span> ex:act2, ex:trigger, ex:act1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:param="a"])
+  </pre>
+  <p>Here <span class="name"><span class="delete">s</span><span class="insert">start</span></span> is the optional start identifier,  <span class="name">ex:act2</span> is the identifier of the started activity,
+  <span class="name">ex:trigger</span> is the optional identifier for the entity that triggered the activity start,
+   <span class="name">ex:act1</span> is the optional identifier for the activity that generated the (possibly unspecified) entity   <span class="name">ex:trigger</span>,
+ <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> is the optional start time, and <span class="name"> [ex:param="a"]</span> are optional attributes.</p>
+  The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+  
+  <pre class="codeexample">wasStartedBy(ex:act2, -, ex:act1, -)
+wasStartedBy(ex:act2, -, ex:act1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasStartedBy(ex:act2, -, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasStartedBy(ex:act2, [ex:param="a"])
+<span class="delete">wasStartedBy(s;</span><span class="insert">wasStartedBy(start;</span> ex:act2, e, ex:act1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Additional semantic rules (<a href="#semantic-rules-summary">Section 3.7.5</a>) apply to <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-startExpression">startExpression</a></code>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="expression-End" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.7 </span>End</h4>
+
+
+
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-endExpression" name="prod-endExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">15</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">endExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"wasEndedBy" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></span> ( "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></span> )? <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM End maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasendedby">End</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.id"><span class="attribute" id="end.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.activity"><span class="attribute" id="end.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.trigger"><span class="attribute" id="end.trigger">trigger</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.ender"><span class="attribute" id="end.ender">ender</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.time"><span class="attribute" id="end.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="end.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_17"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_17">Example 17</a></div>
+
+    <pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">wasEndedBy(s;</span><span class="insert">wasEndedBy(end;</span> ex:act2, ex:trigger,ex:act3,  2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:param="a"])
+  </pre>
+<p>  Here <span class="name"><span class="delete">s</span><span class="insert">end</span></span> is the optional <span class="delete">start</span><span class="insert">end</span> identifier,  
+<span class="name">ex:act2</span> is the identifier of the ending activity,
+  <span class="name">ex:trigger</span> is the identifier of the entity that triggered the activity end,
+  <span class="name">ex:act3</span> is the optional identifier for the activity that generated the (possibly unspecified) entity   <span class="name"><span class="delete">e</span><span class="insert">ex:trigger</span></span>,
+ <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> is the optional usage time, and <span class="name"> [ex:param="a"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+  
+<pre class="codeexample">wasEndedBy(ex:act2, ex:trigger, -, -)
+wasEndedBy(ex:act2, ex:trigger, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasEndedBy(ex:act2, -, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasEndedBy(ex:act2, -, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:param="a"])
+<span class="delete">wasEndedBy(e;</span><span class="insert">wasEndedBy(end;</span> ex:act2)
+<span class="delete">wasEndedBy(e;</span><span class="insert">wasEndedBy(end;</span> ex:act2, ex:trigger, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Additional semantic rules (<a href="#semantic-rules-summary">Section 3.7.5</a>) apply to <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-endExpression">endExpression</a></code>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div id="expression-Invalidation" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.1.8 </span>Invalidation</h4>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-invalidationExpression" name="prod-invalidationExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">16</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">invalidationExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"wasInvalidatedBy" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> ( "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></span> )? <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Invalidation maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasinvalidatedby">Invalidation</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.id"><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.entity"><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.activity"><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.time"><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.time">time</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-timeOrMarker">timeOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="invalidation.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_18"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_18">Example 18</a></div>
+
+<pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">wasInvalidatedBy(ex:i1;</span><span class="insert">wasInvalidatedBy(ex:inv;</span> tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00,  [ex:fct="save"])
+</pre>
+<p>  Here <span class="name"><span class="delete">ex:i1</span><span class="insert">ex:inv</span></span> is the optional invalidation identifier, <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is the identifier of the entity being invalidated,
+  <span class="name">ex:edit1</span> is the optional identifier of the invalidating activity, <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> is the optional invalidation time, and <span class="name"> [ex:fct="save"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+  
+<pre class="codeexample">wasInvalidatedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
+wasInvalidatedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasInvalidatedBy(e2, a1, -, [ex:fct="save"])     
+wasInvalidatedBy(e2, -, -, [ex:fct="save"])     
+<span class="delete">wasInvalidatedBy(ex:i1;</span><span class="insert">wasInvalidatedBy(ex:inv;</span> tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
+wasInvalidatedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Additional semantic rules (<a href="#semantic-rules-summary">Section 3.7.5</a>) apply to <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-invalidationExpression">invalidationExpression</a></code>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="component2" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">3.2 </span>Component 2: Derivations</h3>
+<div id="Derivation-Relation" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.2.1 </span>Derivation</h4>
+
+
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-derivationExpression" name="prod-derivationExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">17</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">derivationExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"wasDerivedFrom" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> ( "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-gIdentifierOrMarker">gIdentifierOrMarker</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-uIdentifierOrMarker">uIdentifierOrMarker</a></span> )? <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Derivation maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasderivedfrom">Derivation</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#derivation.id"><span class="attribute" id="derivation.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#derivation.generatedEntity"><span class="attribute" id="derivation.generatedEntity">generatedEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#derivation.usedEntity"><span class="attribute" id="derivation.usedEntity">usedEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#derivation.activity"><span class="attribute" id="derivation.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker">aIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#derivation.generation"><span class="attribute" id="derivation.generation">generation</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-gIdentifierOrMarker">gIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#derivation.usage"><span class="attribute" id="derivation.usage">usage</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-uIdentifierOrMarker">uIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#derivation.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="derivation.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-derivation"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-derivation">Example 19</a></div>
+    <pre class="codeexample">wasDerivedFrom(d; e2, e1, a, g2, u1, [ex:comment="a righteous derivation"])
+  </pre>
+<p>  Here
+    <span class="name">d</span> is the optional derivation identifier,
+  <span class="name">e2</span> is the identifier for the entity being derived,
+  <span class="name">e1</span> is the  identifier of the entity from which <span class="name">e2</span> is derived,
+  <span class="name">a</span> is the optional identifier of the activity which used/generated the entities,
+  <span class="name">g2</span> is the optional identifier of the generation,
+  <span class="name">u1</span> is the optional identifier of the usage,
+  and <span class="name">[ex:comment="a righteous derivation"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+  
+<pre class="codeexample">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, -, g2, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, -, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, -)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, -, -)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, -, -, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, -, -, -)
+wasDerivedFrom(d; e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(-; e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+<div id="expression-Revision" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.2.2 </span>Revision</h4>
+
+<p id="provn-type-Revision">
+PROV-N provides no dedicated syntax for Revision. Instead, a Revision <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be expressed as a 
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-derivationExpression">derivationExpression</a></code> with attribute <code>prov:type='prov:Revision'</code>.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_20"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_20">Example 20</a></div>
+    <pre class="codeexample">wasDerivedFrom(d; e2, e1, a, g2, u1, 
+               [prov:type='prov:Revision', 
+                ex:comment="a righteous derivation"])
+  </pre>
+<p>Here, the derivation from
+<a href="#anexample-derivation" class="anexample-ref"><span>Example 19</span></a>
+is extended with a <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute and value <span class="name">prov:Revision</span>.  The expression <code>'prov:Revision'</code> is <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-convenienceNotation">convenienceNotation</a></code> to denote a <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code> literal (See  <a href="#expression-literal">Section 3.7.3. Literal</a>).
+</p></div>
+
+
+</div>  
+<div id="expression-quotation" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.2.3 </span>Quotation</h4>
+
+<p id="provn-type-Quotation">
+PROV-N provides no dedicated syntax for Quotation. Instead, a Quotation <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be  expressed as a 
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-derivationExpression">derivationExpression</a></code> with attribute <code>prov:type='prov:Quotation'</code>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_21"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_21">Example 21</a></div>
+    <pre class="codeexample">wasDerivedFrom(quoteId1; ex:blockQuote,ex:blog, ex:act1, ex:g, ex:u,
+               [ prov:type='prov:Quotation' ]) 
+ </pre>
+
+<p>Here, the derivation is provided with a <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute and value <span class="name">prov:Quotation</span>.
+</p></div>
+
+
+</div>  
+
+
+<div id="expression-primary-source" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.2.4 </span>Primary Source</h4>
+
+
+<p id="provn-type-Primary-Source">
+PROV-N provides no dedicated syntax for PrimarySource. Instead, a PrimarySource <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be expressed as a 
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-derivationExpression">derivationExpression</a></code> with attribute <code>prov:type='prov:Primary-Source'</code>.</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_22"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_22">Example 22</a></div>
+    <pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">wasDerivedFrom(src1;</span><span class="insert">wasDerivedFrom(sourceId1;</span>  ex:e1, ex:e2, ex:act, ex:g, ex:u, 
+               [ prov:type='prov:PrimarySource' ])
+</pre>
+<p>Here, the derivation is provided with a <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute and value <span class="name">prov:PrimarySource</span>.
+  
+
+  </p>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>  
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="component3" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">3.3 </span>Component 3: Agents, Responsibility, and Influence</h3>
+<div id="expression-Agent" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.3.1 </span>Agent</h4>
+
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-agentExpression" name="prod-agentExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">18</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">agentExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"agent" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+</table>
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Agent maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-agent">Agent</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#agent.id"><span class="attribute" id="agent.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#agent.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="agent.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+PROV-N provides no dedicated syntax for Person, Organization, SoftwareAgent. Instead, a Person, an Organization, or a SoftwareAgent <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be expressed as an
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agentExpression">agentExpression</a></code> with attribute 
+<span id="provn-type-Person"><code>prov:type='prov:Person'</code></span>,
+<span id="provn-type-Organization"><code>prov:type='prov:Organization'</code></span>, or
+<span id="provn-type-SoftwareAgent"><code>prov:type='prov:SoftwareAgent'</code></span>, respectively.</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_23"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_23">Example 23</a></div>
+<pre class="codeexample">agent(ag4, [ prov:type='prov:Person', ex:name="David" ])
+</pre>
+<p>Here <span class="name">ag</span> is the agent identifier, and
+   <span class="name">[ prov:type='prov:Person', ex:name="David" ]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+In the next example, the optional attributes are omitted.
+
+<pre class="codeexample">agent(ag4)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+<div id="expression-attribution" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.3.2 </span>Attribution</h4>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-attributionExpression" name="prod-attributionExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">19</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">attributionExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"wasAttributedTo" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier">agIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+</table>
+
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Attribution maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasattributedto">Attribution</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#attribution.id"><span class="attribute" id="attribution.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#attribution.entity"><span class="attribute" id="attribution.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#attribution.agent"><span class="attribute" id="attribution.agent">agent</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier">agIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#attribution.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="attribution.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_24"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_24">Example 24</a></div>
+
+<pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">wasAttributedTo(id;</span><span class="insert">wasAttributedTo(attr;</span> e, ag, [ex:license='cc:attributionURL' ])
+  </pre>
+<p>    Here <span class="name"><span class="delete">id</span><span class="insert">attr</span></span> is the optional attribution identifier,  <span class="name">e</span> is an entity identifier,
+  <span class="name">ag</span> is the identifier of the agent to whom the entity is abscribed, 
+and <span class="name">[ex:license='cc:attributionURL' ]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+<pre class="codeexample">wasAttributedTo(e, ag)
+wasAttributedTo(e, ag, [ex:license='cc:attributionURL' ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</div>  
+
+
+<div id="expression-Association" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.3.3 </span>Association</h4>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-associationExpression" name="prod-associationExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">20</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">associationExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"wasAssociatedWith" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></span> ( "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifierOrMarker">agIdentifierOrMarker</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></span> )? <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+</table>
+
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Association maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasassociatedwith">Association</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.id"><span class="attribute" id="association.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.activity"><span class="attribute" id="association.activity">activity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier">aIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.agent"><span class="attribute" id="association.agent">agent</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifierOrMarker">agIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.plan"><span class="attribute" id="association.plan">plan</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifierOrMarker">eIdentifierOrMarker</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="association.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+<p id="provn-type-Plan">
+PROV-N provides no dedicated syntax for Plan. Instead, a Plan <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be expressed as an
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-entityExpression">entityExpression</a></code> with attribute <code>prov:type='prov:Plan'</code>.</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_25"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_25">Example 25</a></div>
+<pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">wasAssociatedWith(ex:agas;</span><span class="insert">wasAssociatedWith(ex:assoc;</span> ex:a1, ex:ag1, ex:e1, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+  </pre>
+
+<p>  Here <span class="name"><span class="delete">ex:agas</span><span class="insert">ex:assoc</span></span> is the optional attribution identifier,
+  <span class="name">ex:a1</span> is an activity identifier,
+  <span class="name">ex:ag1</span> is the optional identifier of the agent associated to the activity,
+  <span class="name">ex:e1</span> is the optional identifier of the plan used by the agent in the context of the activity,
+  and <span class="name"> [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+  
+  
+<pre class="codeexample">wasAssociatedWith(ex:a1, -, ex:e1)
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a1, ex:ag1)
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a1, ex:ag1, ex:e1)
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a1, ex:ag1, ex:e1, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+wasAssociatedWith(a; ex:a1, -, ex:e1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Additional semantic rules (<a href="#semantic-rules-summary">Section 3.7.5</a>) apply to <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-associationExpression">associationExpression</a></code>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">3.3.4 </span><span class="delete">Delegation</span>
+
+
+
+
+
+  <span class="delete">[</span><span class="delete">21</span><span class="delete">]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span class="delete">delegationExpression</span> <span class="delete">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span class="delete">"actedOnBehalfOf" "(" </span><span class="delete">optionalIdentifier</span> <span class="delete">agIdentifier</span><span class="delete"> "," </span><span class="delete">agIdentifier</span><span class="delete"> ( "," </span><span class="delete">aIdentifierOrMarker</span><span class="delete"> )? </span><span class="delete">optionalAttributeValuePairs</span><span class="delete"> ")"</span>  
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Delegation maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</span>
+
+
+<span class="delete">Delegation</span><span class="delete">Non-Terminal</span>
+
+
+<span class="delete">id</span><span class="delete">optionalIdentifier</span>
+
+<span class="delete">delegate</span><span class="delete">agIdentifier</span>
+
+<span class="delete">responsible</span><span class="delete">agIdentifier</span>
+
+<span class="delete">activity</span><span class="delete">aIdentifierOrMarker</span>
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">attributes</span><span class="delete">optionalAttributeValuePairs</span>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_26"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_26">Example 26</a></div>
+<p><span class="insert">The  following expressions illustrates a plan.
+</span></p><pre class="codeexample"><span class="insert">  entity(ex:pl1,   [ prov:type='prov:Plan' ])
+</span></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+<div id="expression-delegation" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno"><span class="insert">3.3.4 </span></span><span class="insert">Delegation</span></h4>
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-delegationExpression" name="prod-delegationExpression"></a><span class="insert">[</span><span class="prodNo"><span class="insert">21</span></span><span class="insert">]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></td> <td><code class="production prod"><span class="insert">delegationExpression</span></code></td> <td><span class="insert">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></td> <td><code class="content"><span class="insert">"actedOnBehalfOf" "(" </span><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier"><span class="insert">optionalIdentifier</span></a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier"><span class="insert">agIdentifier</span></a></span><span class="insert"> "," </span><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier"><span class="insert">agIdentifier</span></a></span><span class="insert"> ( "," </span><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker"><span class="insert">aIdentifierOrMarker</span></a></span><span class="insert"> )? </span><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs"><span class="insert">optionalAttributeValuePairs</span></a></span><span class="insert"> ")"</span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+</table>
+
+<p><span class="insert">The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Delegation maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</span></p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-actedonbehalfof"><span class="insert">Delegation</span></a></b></td><td><b><span class="insert">Non-Terminal</span></b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#delegation.id"><span class="attribute" id="delegation.id"><span class="insert">id</span></span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier"><span class="insert">optionalIdentifier</span></a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#delegation.delegate"><span class="attribute" id="delegation.delegate"><span class="insert">delegate</span></span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier"><span class="insert">agIdentifier</span></a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#delegation.responsible"><span class="attribute" id="delegation.responsible"><span class="insert">responsible</span></span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier"><span class="insert">agIdentifier</span></a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#delegation.activity"><span class="attribute" id="delegation.activity"><span class="insert">activity</span></span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifierOrMarker"><span class="insert">aIdentifierOrMarker</span></a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#delegation.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="delegation.attributes"><span class="insert">attributes</span></span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs"><span class="insert">optionalAttributeValuePairs</span></a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_27"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_27"><span class="insert">Example 27</span></a></div>
+
+  <pre class="codeexample">actedOnBehalfOf(del1; ag2, ag1, a, [prov:type="contract"])
+  </pre>
+<p>  Here <span class="name">del1</span> is the optional delegation identifier,
+  <span class="name">ag2</span> is the identifier for the delegate agent,
+  <span class="name">ag1</span> is the  identifier of the responsible agent,
+  <span class="name">a</span> is the optional identifier of the activity for which the delegation link holds,
+  and <span class="name">[prov:type="contract"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+
+<pre class="codeexample">actedOnBehalfOf(ag1, ag2)
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag1, ag2, a)
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag1, ag2, -, [prov:type="delegation"])
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag2, ag3, a, [prov:type="contract"])
+<span class="delete">actedOnBehalfOf(r;</span><span class="insert">actedOnBehalfOf(del1;</span> ag2, ag3, a, [prov:type="contract"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="expression-influence" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.3.5 </span>Influence</h4>
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-influenceExpression" name="prod-influenceExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">22</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">influenceExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"wasInfluencedBy" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Influence maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-wasinfluencedby">Influence</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#influence.id"><span class="attribute" id="influence.id">id</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#influence.influencee"><span class="attribute" id="influence.influencee">influencee</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#influence.influencer"><span class="attribute" id="influence.influencer">influencer</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#influence.attributes"><span class="attribute" id="influence.attributes">attributes</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></code></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_28"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_28">Example <span class="delete">27</span><span class="insert">28</span></a></div>
+    <pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">wasInfluencedBy(id;e2,e1,[ex:param="a"])</span><span class="insert">wasInfluencedBy(infl1;e2,e1,[ex:param="a"])</span>
+  </pre>
+<p>  <span class="delete">Here</span><span class="insert">Here,</span>
+    <span class="name"><span class="delete">id</span><span class="insert">infl1</span></span> is the optional influence identifier,
+  <span class="name">e2</span> is an entity identifier,
+  <span class="name">e1</span> is the identifier for an ancestor entity that   <span class="name">e2</span> is influenced by,
+  and <span class="name">[ex:param="a"]</span> is the optional set of attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+
+  <pre class="codeexample">wasInfluencedBy(e2,e1)
+wasInfluencedBy(e2,e1,[ex:param="a"])
+<span class="delete">wasInfluencedBy(id;</span><span class="insert">wasInfluencedBy(infl1;</span> e2,e1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="component4" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">3.4 </span>Component 4: Bundles</h3>
+
+<div id="expression-bundle-constructor" class="section"> 
+<h4><span class="secno">3.4.1 </span>Bundle Constructor</h4>
+
+<table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-bundle" name="prod-bundle"></a>[<span class="prodNo">23</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod"><span class="delete">namedBundle</span><span class="insert">bundle</span></code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"bundle" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span> (<span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclarations">namespaceDeclarations</a></span>)? (<span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></span>)* "endBundle"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p><span class="delete">Named bundles</span><span class="insert">Bundles</span> cannot be nested because <span class="insert">a </span><code><span class="delete">namedBundle</span><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle"><span class="insert">bundle</span></a></code> is not an <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></code>, and therefore cannot <span class="delete">occurs</span><span class="insert">occur</span> inside another <code><span class="delete">namedBundle</span><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle"><span class="insert">bundle</span></a></code>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="delete">Named bundles are self-contained: each</span><span class="insert">Each</span> identifier occuring in a<span class="delete"> named</span> bundle, including the bundle identifier itself, <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be interpreted with respect to the namespace declarations of that <span class="delete">bundle. In other words, for every identifier</span><span class="insert">bundle, or if the identifier's prefix is not declared in the bundle,</span> with <span class="insert">respect to the namespace declarations in the document. </span></p>
+
+
+<p><span class="insert">The following table summarizes how each constituent of </span>a <span class="delete">prefix </span><span class="delete">p</span><span class="delete"> within</span><span class="insert">PROV-DM bundle maps to</span> a <span class="delete">named bundle, there </span><span class="delete">must</span><span class="delete"> be a namespace declaration for </span><span class="delete">p</span><span class="delete"> in this named bundled; for every identifier  without prefix, there </span><span class="delete">must</span><span class="delete"> be a default namespace declaration  in this named bundled.</span><span class="insert">PROV-N syntax element.</span></p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-bundle-constructor"><span class="insert">Bundle</span></a></b></td><td><b><span class="insert">Non-Terminal</span></b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#bundle.constructor.id"><span class="attribute" id="bundle.id"><span class="insert">id</span></span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier"><span class="insert">optionalIdentifier</span></a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#bundle.constructor.descriptions"><span class="attribute" id="bundle.descriptions"><span class="insert">descriptions</span></span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression"><span class="insert">expression</span></a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-namespaceDeclaration"><span class="attribute" id="namespaceDeclaration"><span class="insert">namespaceDeclaration</span></span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclarations"><span class="insert">namespaceDeclarations</span></a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-bundle1"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-bundle1">Example <span class="delete">28</span><span class="insert">29</span></a></div>
+    <pre class="codeexample">bundle ex:author-view
+  prefix ex  &lt;http://example.org/&gt;
+  agent(ex:Paolo,   [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+  agent(ex:Simon,   [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+  //...
+endBundle
+  </pre>
+<p> Here  <span class="name">ex:author-view</span> is the name of the bundle. 
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="expression-bundle-type" class="section"> 
+<h4><span class="secno">3.4.2 </span>Bundle Type</h4>
+
+<p id="provn-type-Bundle">
+When described, a Bundle <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be expressed as an
+ <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-entityExpression">entityExpression</a></code> with attribute <code>prov:type='prov:Bundle'</code>.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_30"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_30"><span class="insert">Example 30</span></a></div>
+<p><span class="insert">The bundle of
+</span><a href="#anexample-bundle1" class="anexample-ref"><span><span class="insert">Example 29</span></span></a><span class="insert"> can be referred to as an an entity, and its provenance described.</span></p>
+<pre class="codeexample"><span class="insert">  entity(ex:author-view,   [ prov:type='prov:Bundle' ])
+</span></pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div id="component5" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">3.5 </span>Component 5: Alternate Entities</h3>
+<div id="expression-alternate" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.5.1 </span>Alternate</h4>
+
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-alternateExpression" name="prod-alternateExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">24</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">alternateExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"alternateOf" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+</table>
+
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Alternate maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-alternateof">Alternate</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#alternate.alternate1"><span class="attribute" id="alternate.alternate1">alternate1</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#alternate.alternate2"><span class="attribute" id="alternate.alternate2">alternate2</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_31"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_31">Example <span class="delete">29</span><span class="insert">31</span></a></div>
+<pre class="codeexample">alternateOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex:alternate-20111215)
+</pre>
+  Here  <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is alternate for   <span class="name">ex:alternate-20111215</span>.
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+<div id="expression-specialization" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.5.2 </span>Specialization</h4>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-specializationExpression" name="prod-specializationExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo">25</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">specializationExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"specializationOf" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+</table>
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Specialization maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-specializationof">Specialization</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#specialization.specificEntity"><span class="attribute" id="specialization.specificEntity">specificEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#specialization.generalEntity"><span class="attribute" id="specialization.generalEntity">generalEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_32"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_32">Example <span class="delete">30</span><span class="insert">32</span></a></div>
+<pre class="codeexample">specializationOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,tr:prov-dm)
+</pre>
+    Here  <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is a specialization of <span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span>.
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+ 
+<span class="delete">3.5.3 </span><span class="delete">Mention</span>
+
+
+<span class="delete">Note: This feature is "</span><span class="delete">at risk</span><span class="delete">" and may be removed from this specification based on feedback. Please send feedback to public-prov-comments@w3.org.</span>
+
+
+<span class="delete">The expression Mention might be removed from PROV if implementation experience reveals problems with supporting this construct.</span>
+
+
+
+
+
+  <span class="delete">[</span><span class="delete">26</span><span class="delete">]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span class="delete">mentionExpression</span> <span class="delete">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span class="delete">"mentionOf" "(" </span><span class="delete">eIdentifier</span><span class="delete"> "," </span><span class="delete">eIdentifier</span><span class="delete"> "," </span><span class="delete">bIdentifier</span><span class="delete"> ")"</span>  
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Mention maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</span>
+
+
+<span class="delete">Mention</span><span class="delete">Non-Terminal</span>
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">specificEntity</span><span class="delete">eIdentifier</span>
+
+
+<span class="delete">generalEntity</span><span class="delete">eIdentifier</span>
+
+<span class="delete">bundle</span><span class="delete">bIdentifier</span>
+
+
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">Example 31</span>
+<span class="delete">  mention(ex:report1_as_in_b1, ex:report1, ex:b1)   
+</span>
+<span class="delete">  Here
+  </span><span class="delete">ex:report1_as_in_b1</span><span class="delete"> is an entity identifier,
+  </span><span class="delete">ex:report1</span><span class="delete"> is an entity identifier,
+  </span><span class="delete">ex:b1</span><span class="delete"> is the identifier for a bundle
+</span>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div id="component6" class="section"> 
+<h3><span class="secno">3.6 </span>Component 6: Collections</h3>
+
+
+<div id="expression-collection" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.6.1 </span>Collection</h4>
+
+
+<p>
+PROV-N provides no dedicated syntax for Collection and EmptyCollection. Instead, a Collection or an EmptyCollection <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be expressed as an
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-entityExpression">entityExpression</a></code> with attribute 
+<span id="provn-type-Collection"><code>prov:type='prov:Collection'</code></span>, or
+<span id="provn-type-EmptyCollection"><code>prov:type='prov:EmptyCollection'</code></span>, respectively.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_33"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_33"><span class="insert">Example 33</span></a></div>
+<p><span class="insert">The  following two expressions are about a collection and an empty collection, respectively.
+</span></p><pre class="codeexample"><span class="insert">  entity(ex:col1,   [ prov:type='prov:Collection' ])
+  entity(ex:col2,   [ prov:type='prov:EmptyCollection' ])
+</span></pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="expression-collection-membership" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.6.2 </span>Membership</h4>
+
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-membershipExpression" name="prod-membershipExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">27</span><span class="insert">26</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">membershipExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"hadMember" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-cIdentifier">cIdentifier</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a PROV-DM Membership maps to a PROV-N syntax element.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-hadmember">Membership</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#membership.collection"><span class="attribute" id="membership.collection">collection</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-cIdentifier">cIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#membership.entity"><span class="attribute" id="membership.entity">entity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_34"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_34">Example <span class="delete">32</span><span class="insert">34</span></a></div>
+    <pre class="codeexample">   hadMember(c, e1)   // c contained e1
+   hadMember(c, e2)   // c contained e2 
+  </pre>
+<p>  Here
+  <span class="name">c</span> is the  identifier for the collection whose membership is stated, and 
+  <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span> are the entities that are members of collection c 
+
+
+</p></div>
+
+</div>
+
+</div>   
+
+
+
+
+
+
+   
+
+
+
+
+
+<div id="subexpressions" class="section">
+<h3><span class="secno">3.7 </span>Further Expressions</h3>
+
+This section defines further expressions of PROV-N.
+
+
+<div id="expression-identifier" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.7.1 </span>Identifier</h4>
+
+<p>Various kinds of identifiers are used in productions.</p>
+
+<table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-eIdentifier" name="prod-eIdentifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">28</span><span class="insert">27</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">eIdentifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-aIdentifier" name="prod-aIdentifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">29</span><span class="insert">28</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">aIdentifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-agIdentifier" name="prod-agIdentifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">30</span><span class="insert">29</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">agIdentifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-gIdentifier" name="prod-gIdentifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">31</span><span class="insert">30</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">gIdentifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-uIdentifier" name="prod-uIdentifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">32</span><span class="insert">31</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">uIdentifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-cIdentifier" name="prod-cIdentifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">33</span><span class="insert">32</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">cIdentifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-eIdentifierOrMarker" name="prod-eIdentifierOrMarker"></a><span class="insert">[</span><span class="prodNo"><span class="insert">33</span></span><span class="insert">]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></td> <td><code class="production prod"><span class="insert">eIdentifierOrMarker</span></code></td> <td><span class="insert">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></td> <td><code class="content"><span class="insert">( </span><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-eIdentifier"><span class="insert">eIdentifier</span></a></span><span class="insert"> | "-" )</span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-aIdentifierOrMarker" name="prod-aIdentifierOrMarker"></a>[<span class="prodNo">34</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod"><span class="delete">bIdentifier</span><span class="insert">aIdentifierOrMarker</span></code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="insert">( </span><span class="prod"><span class="delete">identifier</span><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-aIdentifier"><span class="insert">aIdentifier</span></a></span><span class="insert"> | "-" )</span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-agIdentifierOrMarker" name="prod-agIdentifierOrMarker"></a>[<span class="prodNo">35</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod"><span class="delete">eIdentifierOrMarker</span><span class="insert">agIdentifierOrMarker</span></code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><span class="delete">eIdentifier</span><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-agIdentifier"><span class="insert">agIdentifier</span></a></span> | "-" )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-gIdentifierOrMarker" name="prod-gIdentifierOrMarker"></a>[<span class="prodNo">36</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod"><span class="delete">aIdentifierOrMarker</span><span class="insert">gIdentifierOrMarker</span></code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><span class="delete">aIdentifier</span><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-gIdentifier"><span class="insert">gIdentifier</span></a></span> | "-" )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-uIdentifierOrMarker" name="prod-uIdentifierOrMarker"></a>[<span class="prodNo">37</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod"><span class="delete">agIdentifierOrMarker</span><span class="insert">uIdentifierOrMarker</span></code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><span class="delete">agIdentifier</span><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-uIdentifier"><span class="insert">uIdentifier</span></a></span> | "-" )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-identifier" name="prod-identifier"></a>[<span class="prodNo">38<span class="delete">]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span class="delete">gIdentifierOrMarker</span> <span class="delete">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span class="delete">( </span><span class="delete">gIdentifier</span><span class="delete"> | "-" )</span>  
+  <span class="delete">[</span><span class="delete">39</span><span class="delete">]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span class="delete">uIdentifierOrMarker</span> <span class="delete">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span class="delete">( </span><span class="delete">uIdentifier</span><span class="delete"> | "-" )</span>  
+  <span class="delete">[</span><span class="delete">40</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">identifier</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>
+A <dfn id="dfn-qualifiedName">qualified name</dfn> is a name subject to <a>namespace</a> interpretation. It consists of a <a>namespace</a>, denoted by an optional prefix, and a local name.
+The PROV data model  stipulates that a qualified name can be mapped to an IRI
+ by concatenating the IRI associated with the prefix and the local part.  This section provides the exact details of this procedure for qualified names defined by PROV-N. </p>
+
+<p>A qualified name's prefix is <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em>. If a prefix occurs in a
+ qualified name, the prefix <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> refer to a <a>namespace</a> declared in a namespace declaration.  In the absence of prefix, the qualified name 
+ belongs to the <a title="default namespace declaration">default namespace</a>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<p>A PROV-N qualified name (production <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code>) has a more permissive syntax then XML's <code class="content"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/#NT-QName">QName</a></code> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XML-NAMES">XML-NAMES</a></cite>]
+and SPARQL <code class="content"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115/#rPrefixedName">PrefixedName</a></code> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-SPARQL-QUERY">RDF-SPARQL-QUERY</a></cite>]. 
+A <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code> consists of a prefix and a local part. Prefixes follow the production <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX">PN_PREFIX</a></code> defined by SPARQL [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-SPARQL-QUERY">RDF-SPARQL-QUERY</a></cite>]. Local parts have to be conformant with <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_LOCAL">PN_LOCAL</a></code>, which extends the original SPARQL <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_LOCAL">PN_LOCAL</a></code> definition 
+by allowing further characters (see <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_CHARS_OTHERS">PN_CHARS_OTHERS</a></code>):</p>
+<ul>
+<li> an extra set of characters commonly encountered in IRIs;
+</li><li> %-escaped characters (see <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PERCENT">PERCENT</a></code>) to be interpreted as per
+ Section 3.1.  Mapping of IRIs to URIs in [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3987">RFC3987</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> and \-escaped characters (see <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_CHARS_ESC">PN_CHARS_ESC</a></code>).</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<p>Given that 
+'=' (equal),
+''' (single quote),
+'(' (left bracket),
+')' (right bracket),
+',' (comma),
+':' (colon),
+';' (semi-colon),   
+'"' (double quote),
+  
+'[' (left square bracket),
+']' (right square bracket) are used by the PROV notation as delimiters, they are not allowed in local parts. 
+Instead, among those characters, those that are permitted in SPARQL
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rIRI_REF">IRI_REF</a></code>  are also allowed in <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_LOCAL">PN_LOCAL</a></code> if they are escaped by the '\' (backslash character) as per production <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_CHARS_ESC">PN_CHARS_ESC</a></code>. Furthermore, '.' (dot), ':' (colon), '-' (hyphen) can also be \-escaped.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>A PROV-N qualified name <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code> can be mapped to a valid IRI [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-IRI">IRI</a></cite>] by concatenating the namespace denoted  its local name <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX">PN_PREFIX</a></code> to the local name <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_LOCAL">PN_LOCAL</a></code>, whose \-escaped characters have been unescaped by dropping the character '\' (backslash).</p>
+
+ 
+<table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-QUALIFIED_NAME" name="prod-QUALIFIED_NAME"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">61</span><span class="insert">52</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">QUALIFIED_NAME</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX">PN_PREFIX</a></span> ":" )? <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_LOCAL">PN_LOCAL</a></span><br> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX">PN_PREFIX</a></span> ":"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-PN_LOCAL" name="prod-PN_LOCAL"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">62</span><span class="insert">53</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">PN_LOCAL</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_CHARS_U">PN_CHARS_U</a></span> | [0-9] | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_CHARS_OTHERS">PN_CHARS_OTHERS</a></span> ) ( ( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_CHARS">PN_CHARS</a></span> | "." | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_CHARS_OTHERS">PN_CHARS_OTHERS</a></span> )* ( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_CHARS">PN_CHARS</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_CHARS_OTHERS">PN_CHARS_OTHERS</a></span> ) )?</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-PN_CHARS_OTHERS" name="prod-PN_CHARS_OTHERS"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">63</span><span class="insert">54</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">PN_CHARS_OTHERS</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"/"<br> | "@"<br> | "~"<br> | "&amp;"<br> | "+"<br> | "*"<br> | "?"<br> | "#"<br> | "$"<br> | "!"<br> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PERCENT">PERCENT</a></span><br> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-PN_CHARS_ESC">PN_CHARS_ESC</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-PN_CHARS_ESC" name="prod-PN_CHARS_ESC"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">64</span><span class="insert">55</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">PN_CHARS_ESC</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"\" ( "=" | "'" | "(" | ")" | "," | "-" | ":" | ";" | "[" | "]" | "." )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-PERCENT" name="prod-PERCENT"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">65</span><span class="insert">56</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">PERCENT</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"%" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-HEX">HEX</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-HEX">HEX</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-HEX" name="prod-HEX"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">66</span><span class="insert">57</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">HEX</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">[0-9]<br> | [A-F]<br> | [a-f]</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+</table>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-qualified-name"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-qualified-name">Example <span class="delete">33</span><span class="insert">35</span></a></div>
+<p>Examples of articles on the BBC Web site seen as  entities.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">bundle</span><span class="insert">document</span>
+  prefix bbc &lt;http://www.bbc.co.uk/&gt;
+  prefix bbcNews &lt;http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/&gt;
+
+  entity(bbc:)                          // bbc site itself
+  entity(bbc:news/)                     // bbc news
+  entity(bbc:news/world-asia-17507976)  // a given news article
+
+  entity(bbcNews:)                      // an alternative way of referring to the bbc news site
+
+<span class="delete">endBundle</span><span class="insert">endDocument</span>
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-qualified-name2"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-qualified-name2">Example <span class="delete">34</span><span class="insert">36</span></a></div>
+<p>Examples of entities with declared and default namespace.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">bundle</span><span class="insert">document</span>
+  default &lt;http://example.org/2/&gt;
+  prefix ex &lt;http://example.org/1/&gt;
+
+  entity(ex:a)     //  corresponds to IRI http://example.org/1/a
+  entity(ex:a/)    //  corresponds to IRI http://example.org/1/a/
+  entity(ex:a/b)   //  corresponds to IRI http://example.org/1/a/b
+  entity(b)        //  corresponds to IRI http://example.org/2/b
+  entity(ex:1234)  //  corresponds to IRI http://example.org/1/1234
+  entity(4567)     //  corresponds to IRI http://example.org/2/4567
+  entity(c/)       //  corresponds to IRI http://example.org/2/c/
+  entity(ex:/)     //  corresponds to IRI http://example.org/1//
+<span class="delete">endBundle</span><span class="insert">endDocument</span>
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-qualified-name3"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-qualified-name3">Example <span class="delete">35</span><span class="insert">37</span></a></div>
+<p>Examples of \-escaped characters.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">bundle</span><span class="insert">document</span>
+  prefix ex &lt;http://example.org/&gt;
+  default &lt;http://example.org/default&gt;
+
+  entity(ex:foo?a\=1)            // corresponds to IRI http://example.org/foo?a=1
+  entity(ex:\-)                  // corresponds to IRI http://example.org/-
+  entity(ex:?fred\=fish%20soup)  // corresponds to IRI http://example.org/?fred=fish%20soup
+
+  used(-;a1,e1,-)                // identifier not specified for usage  
+  used(\-;a1,e1,-)               // usage identifier corresponds to http://example.org/default-
+<span class="delete">endBundle</span><span class="insert">endDocument</span>
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<p><b>Note:</b>The productions for the terminals  <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code> and  <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX">PN_PREFIX</a></code> are conflicting.
+Indeed,  for a tokenizer operating independently of the parse tree, <code>abc</code> matches both 
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code> and
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX">PN_PREFIX</a></code>.
+  In the context of a <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclaration">namespaceDeclaration</a></code>, a tokenizer should give  preference to the production <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX">PN_PREFIX</a></code>.
+</p>
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="expression-attribute" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.7.2 </span>Attribute</h4>
+
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-attribute" name="prod-attribute"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">41</span><span class="insert">39</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">attribute</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>The  reserved attributes in the PROV namespace are the following.
+Their meaning is explained by [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] (see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute">Section 5.7.2: Attribute</a>).
+</p>
+
+<ol>
+<li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute-label"><span class="name">prov:label</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute-location"><span class="name">prov:location</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute-role"><span class="name">prov:role</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute-type"><span class="name">prov:type</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute-value"><span class="name">prov:value</span></a>
+</li></ol>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div id="expression-literal" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.7.3 </span>Literal</h4>
+
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-literal" name="prod-literal"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">42</span><span class="insert">40</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">literal</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-typedLiteral">typedLiteral</a></span><br> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-convenienceNotation">convenienceNotation</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-typedLiteral" name="prod-typedLiteral"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">43</span><span class="insert">41</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">typedLiteral</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-STRING_LITERAL">STRING_LITERAL</a></span> "%%" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-datatype">datatype</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-datatype" name="prod-datatype"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">44</span><span class="insert">42</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">datatype</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-convenienceNotation" name="prod-convenienceNotation"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">45</span><span class="insert">43</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">convenienceNotation</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-STRING_LITERAL">STRING_LITERAL</a></span> (<span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rLANGTAG">LANGTAG</a></span>)?<br> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-INT_LITERAL">INT_LITERAL</a></span><br> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL">QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-STRING_LITERAL" name="prod-STRING_LITERAL"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">67</span><span class="insert">58</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">STRING_LITERAL</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rSTRING_LITERAL2">STRING_LITERAL2</a></span><br> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rSTRING_LITERAL_LONG2">STRING_LITERAL_LONG2</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-INT_LITERAL" name="prod-INT_LITERAL"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">69</span><span class="insert">60</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">INT_LITERAL</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">("-")? (<span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-DIGIT">DIGIT</a></span>)+</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-DIGIT" name="prod-DIGIT"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">71</span><span class="insert">62</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">DIGIT</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">[0-9]</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="term"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL" name="prod-QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">70</span><span class="insert">61</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td>&lt;<code class="production term">QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL</code>&gt;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"'" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></span> "'"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p>In production <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-datatype">datatype</a></code>, the <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code> is used to denote a <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-value">PROV data type</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>].
+
+
+</p><p>The non terminals
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-STRING_LITERAL">STRING_LITERAL</a></code>,
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-INT_LITERAL">INT_LITERAL</a></code>, and
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL">QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL</a></code>
+are syntactic sugar for quoted strings with datatype 
+<code class="content"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-2/#string"><span class="name">xsd:string</span></a></code>,
+<code class="content"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-2/#int"><span class="name">xsd:int</span></a></code>, and
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">prov:QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code>
+respectively.
+</p>
+
+<p> In particular, a Literal may be an IRI-typed string (with datatype <span class="name">xsd:anyURI</span>);  such IRI has no specific interpretation in the context of PROV.</p>
+
+
+<p><b>Note:</b>The productions for terminals <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code> and
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-INT_LITERAL">INT_LITERAL</a></code> are conflicting.  
+Indeed, for a tokenizer operating independently of the parse tree, <code>1234</code> matches both <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-INT_LITERAL">INT_LITERAL</a></code> and <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></code> (local name without prefix). In the context of
+a <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-convenienceNotation">convenienceNotation</a></code>, a tokenizer should give preference to the production
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-INT_LITERAL">INT_LITERAL</a></code>. 
+</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-convenience"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-convenience">Example <span class="delete">36</span><span class="insert">38</span></a></div>
+<p>
+The following examples illustrate convenience notations.</p>
+
+<p>The two following expressions are strings; if <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-datatype">datatype</a></code> is not specified, it is <code>xsd:string</code>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">  "abc" %% xsd:string
+  "abc"
+</pre>
+
+
+<p>The two following expressions are integers. For convenience, numbers, expressed as digits optionally preceded by a minus sign, can occur without quotes.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">  "1234" %% xsd:integer
+  1234
+  "-1234" %% xsd:integer
+  -1234
+</pre>
+
+<p>The two following expressions are qualified names. Values of type qualified name can be conveniently expressed within single quotes.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">  "ex:value" %% prov:QUALIFIED_NAME
+  'ex:value'
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-value"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-value">Example <span class="delete">37</span><span class="insert">39</span></a></div>
+<p>
+The following examples respectively are the string "abc", the string (in French) "bonjour", the integer number 1, and the IRI "http://example.org/foo".
+</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">  "abc"
+  "bonjour"@fr
+  "1" %% xsd:integer
+  "http://example.org/foo" %% xsd:anyURI
+</pre>
+<p><span class="insert">The following examples respectively are the floating point number 1.01 and the boolean true.</span></p>
+<pre class="codeexample"><span class="insert">  "1.01" %% xsd:float
+  "true" %% xsd:boolean
+</span></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div id="expression-types" class="section">
+<h5><span class="secno">3.7.3.1 </span>Reserved Type Values</h5>
+
+<p>The  reserved type values in the PROV namespace are the following.
+Their meaning is defined [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] (see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-attribute-type">Section 5.7.2.4: prov:type</a>).
+</p>
+
+<ol>
+<li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#term-bundle-entity"><span class="name">prov:Bundle</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#concept-collection"><span class="name">prov:Collection</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#concept-empty-collection"><span class="name">prov:EmptyCollection</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#concept-organization"><span class="name">prov:Organization</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#concept-person"><span class="name">prov:Person</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#concept-plan"><span class="name">prov:Plan</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-primary-source"><span class="name">prov:PrimarySource</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-quotation"><span class="name">prov:Quotation</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#dfn-revision"><span class="name">prov:Revision</span></a>
+</li><li>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#concept-software-agent"><span class="name">prov:SoftwareAgent</span></a>
+</li></ol>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-types"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-types">Example <span class="delete">38</span><span class="insert">40</span></a></div>
+<p>The agent <span class="name">ag</span> is a person (type: <span class="name">prov:Person</span>), whereas the entity 
+<span class="name">pl</span> is a plan (type: <span class="name">prov:Plan</span>).</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">agent(ag,  [ prov:type='prov:Person' ])
+entity(pl, [ prov:type='prov:Plan' ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="expression-Time" class="section">
+<h5><span class="secno">3.7.3.2 </span>Time Values</h5>
+
+<p><dfn id="dfn-time">Time instants</dfn> are defined according to xsd:dateTime [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">XMLSCHEMA11-2</a></cite>].</p> 
+
+<table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-time" name="prod-time"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">46</span><span class="insert">44</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">time</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-2/#nt-dateTimeRep">DATETIME</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-time"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-time">Example <span class="delete">39</span><span class="insert">41</span></a></div>
+
+<p>The third argument in the following usage expression is a time instance, namely 4pm on 2011-11-16.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">used(ex:act2, ar3:0111, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div id="expression-NamespaceDeclaration" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.7.4 </span>Namespace Declaration</h4>
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-namespaceDeclarations" name="prod-namespaceDeclarations"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">47</span><span class="insert">45</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">namespaceDeclarations</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-defaultNamespaceDeclaration">defaultNamespaceDeclaration</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclaration">namespaceDeclaration</a></span> ) (<span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclaration">namespaceDeclaration</a></span>)*</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-namespaceDeclaration" name="prod-namespaceDeclaration"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">48</span><span class="insert">46</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">namespaceDeclaration</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"prefix" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX">PN_PREFIX</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespace">namespace</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-defaultNamespaceDeclaration" name="prod-defaultNamespaceDeclaration"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">49</span><span class="insert">47</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">defaultNamespaceDeclaration</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"default" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rIRI_REF">IRI_REF</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-namespace" name="prod-namespace"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">50</span><span class="insert">48</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">namespace</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rIRI_REF">IRI_REF</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+</table>
+
+<p>A <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclaration">namespaceDeclaration</a></code> consists of a binding between a prefix and a namespace. Every qualified name with this prefix in the scope of this declaration belongs to this namespace. 
+A <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-defaultNamespaceDeclaration">defaultNamespaceDeclaration</a></code> consists of a namespace. Every qualified name without prefix in the scope of this declaration belongs to this namespace. Scope of a <span class="insert">prefix-namespace </span>declaration is specified as follows:</p>
+<ul>
+<li> 
+The scope of a <span class="delete">namespace declaration directly occurring in a </span><span class="delete">namedBundle</span><span class="delete"> is the </span><span class="delete">namedBundle</span><span class="delete"> itself;</span>
+<span class="delete">
+the scope of a namespace</span><span class="insert">prefix-namespace</span> declaration directly occurring in a <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle"><span class="delete">toplevel </span>bundle</a></code> is the <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle"><span class="delete">toplevel </span>bundle</a></code> <span class="delete">itself, except and</span><span class="insert">itself.</span></li>
+<li><span class="insert">
+The scope of a prefix-namespace declaration directly occurring in a</span> <code><span class="delete">namedBundle</span><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-document"><span class="insert">document</span></a></code><span class="insert"> is the </span><code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-document"><span class="insert">document</span></a></code><span class="insert"> including the </span><code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle"><span class="insert">bundles</span></a></code> it <span class="delete">may contain.</span><span class="insert">contains but excluding those </span><code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle"><span class="insert">bundles</span></a></code><span class="insert"> that redeclare this prefix.</span></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>A set of namespace declarations <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclarations">namespaceDeclarations</a></code> <em class="rfc2119" title="must not">must not</em> re-declare the same prefix.</p>
+
+<p><span class="insert">A set of namespace declarations </span><code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclarations"><span class="insert">namespaceDeclarations</span></a></code><span class="insert"> occurring in a bundle </span><em class="rfc2119" title="may"><span class="insert">may</span></em><span class="insert"> re-declare a prefix declared in a surrounding document.</span></p>
+
+<p>A namespace declaration <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclaration">namespaceDeclaration</a></code> <em class="rfc2119" title="must not">must not</em> declare prefixes <span class="name">prov</span> and <span class="name">xsd</span>  (see <a href="#namespace-table">Table 1</a> for their IRI).</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-namespace"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-namespace">Example <span class="delete">40</span><span class="insert">42</span></a></div>
+<p>The following example declares three namespaces, one default, and two with explicit prefixes <span class="name">ex1</span> and <span class="name">ex2</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">bundle</span><span class="insert">document</span>
+  default &lt;http://example.org/0/&gt;
+  prefix ex1 &lt;http://example.org/1/&gt;
+  prefix ex2 &lt;http://example.org/2/&gt;
+...
+<span class="delete">endBundle</span><span class="insert">endDocument</span>
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-namespace-scope"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-namespace-scope">Example <span class="delete">41</span><span class="insert">43</span></a></div>
+<p>In the following example, a <span class="delete">toplevel bundle</span><span class="insert">document</span> declares a default namespace and the occurrence of
+<code>e001</code> directly occurring in the <span class="delete">toplevel</span><span class="insert">document refers to that namespace.
+A nested</span> bundle <span class="delete">refers to</span><span class="insert">also declares a default namespace, but with a different IRI.
+In</span> that<span class="delete"> namespace.
+A nested named bundle also declares a default namespace, but with a different IRI.
+In that named </span>  bundle, the occurrences of
+<code>e001</code>, including <span class="delete">for </span>the bundle name, refer to the latest default namespace.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">bundle</span><span class="insert">document</span>
+  default &lt;http://example.org/1/&gt;
+  entity(e001)                             // IRI: http://example.org/1/e001
+
+  bundle e001                              // IRI: http://example.org/2/e001
+    default &lt;http://example.org/2/&gt;
+    entity(e001)                           // IRI: http://example.org/2/e001
+  endBundle
+<span class="insert">endDocument
+</span></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-namespace-scope2"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-namespace-scope2"><span class="insert">Example 44</span></a></div>
+<p><span class="insert">In the following example, a document declares a namespace with prefix </span><code><span class="insert">ex</span></code><span class="insert"> and the occurrence of
+</span><code><span class="insert">ex:e001</span></code><span class="insert"> directly occurring in the document refers to that namespace.
+In a nested bundle, the occurrence of
+</span><code><span class="insert">ex:e001</span></code><span class="insert"> also  refers to the same namespace.</span></p>
+<pre class="codeexample"><span class="insert">document
+  prefix ex &lt;http://example.org/1/&gt;
+  entity(ex:e001)                            // IRI: http://example.org/1/e001
+
+  bundle b
+    entity(ex:001)                           // IRI: http://example.org/1/e001
+  </span>endBundle<span class="insert">
+endDocument</span>
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div id="semantic-rules-summary" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">3.7.5 </span>Summary of additional semantic rules</h4>
+
+<p>Some of the grammar productions allow for expressions that are syntactically correct, and yet according to [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] they are not acceptable, because additional semantic rules are defined for those expressions.
+ The following table provides a summary of such expressions along with examples of syntactically correct but unacceptable forms, and the additional semantic rules.</p>
+
+<div style="text-align: left;">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="validity-rules-table">Summary of additional semantic rules for grammar productions</caption>
+<tbody><tr><td><a href="#dfn-production" class="internalDFN"><b>Production</b></a></td>
+     <td><b>Examples of syntactically correct expressions</b></td>
+     <td><b>Additional semantic rule</b></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-generationExpression">Generation expression</a></td>
+    <td><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2, -, -)</span><br><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(-; e2, -, -)</span></td>
+    <td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.activity"><span class="attribute">activity</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#generation.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present.</td>  
+</tr>
+<tr><td><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-usageExpression">Usage expression</a></td>
+<td><span class="name">used(a2, -, -)</span><br><span class="name">used(-; a2, -, -)</span></td>
+<td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.entity"><span class="attribute">entity</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#usage.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-startExpression">Start expression</a></td>
+<td> <span class="name">wasStartedBy(e2, -, -, -)</span><br><span class="name">wasStartedBy(-; e2, -, -, -)</span></td>
+<td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.trigger"><span class="attribute">trigger</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.starter"><span class="attribute">starter</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#start.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-endExpression">End expression</a></td>
+<td><span class="name">wasEndedBy(e2, -, -, -)</span><br><span class="name">wasEndedBy(-; e2, -, -, -)</span></td>
+<td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.trigger"><span class="attribute">trigger</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.ender"><span class="attribute">ender</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#end.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-invalidationExpression">Invalidation expression</a></td>
+<td><span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(e2, -, -)</span>  <br><span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(-; e2, -, -)</span></td>
+<td>At least one  of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.activity"><span class="attribute">activity</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.time"><span class="attribute">time</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#invalidation.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-associationExpression">Association expression</a></td>
+<td><span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a, -, -)</span> <br><span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(-; a, -, -)</span></td>
+<td>At least one of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.id"><span class="attribute">id</span></a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.agent"><span class="attribute">agent</span></a>,  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.plan"><span class="attribute">plan</span></a>, and  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/#association.attributes"><span class="attribute">attributes</span></a>  <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present</td>
+</tr>
+
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+</div>  
+
+
+
+
+
+<div id="document" class="section">
+<h2><span class="secno">4. </span><span class="delete">Toplevel Bundle</span><span class="insert">Document</span></h2>
+
+<p>A <span class="delete">toplevel bundle</span><dfn id="dfn-document"><span class="insert">document</span></dfn> is a house-keeping construct of PROV-N capable of packaging up PROV-N <a title="expression">expressions</a> and namespace declarations.  A <span class="delete">toplevel bundle</span><span class="insert">document</span> forms a self-contained package of provenance descriptions for the purpose of <em>exchanging</em> them.  A <span class="delete">toplevel bundle</span><span class="insert">document</span> may be used
+ to  package up PROV-N <a title="record">expressions</a> in response to a request for the provenance of something ([<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>]).</p>
+
+<p> Given its status of house keeping construct for the purpose of exchanging provenance expressions,  a <span class="delete">toplevel bundle</span><span class="insert">document</span> is not defined as a PROV-N expression (production <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></code>).</p> 
+
+
+
+
+
+<p>A <span class="delete">toplevel bundle's</span><span class="insert">document's</span> text matches the <code class="content"><span class="delete">bundle</span><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-document"><span class="insert">document</span></a></code> production.</p>
+
+<table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-document" name="prod-document"></a>[<span class="prodNo">1</span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod"><span class="delete">bundle</span><span class="insert">document</span></code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="delete">"bundle"</span><span class="insert">"document"</span> (<span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclarations">namespaceDeclarations</a></span>)? (<span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></span>)* (<span class="prod"><span class="delete">namedBundle</span><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle"><span class="insert">bundle</span></a></span>)* <span class="delete">"endBundle"</span><span class="insert">"endDocument"</span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p>A <span class="delete">toplevel bundle</span><span class="insert">document</span> contains:
+</p><ul>
+<li><em>namespaceDeclarations</em>: a set of namespace declarations <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-namespaceDeclarations">namespaceDeclarations</a></code>, declaring namespaces and associated prefixes, which can be used in <a title="attribute">attributes</a> and  <a title="identifier">identifiers</a> occurring inside  <span class="delete">exprs</span><em><span class="insert">expressions</span></em><span class="insert"> or </span><em><span class="insert">bundles</span></em>;</li>
+<li><em>expressions</em>:  a set of <span class="delete">expressions</span><span class="insert">expressions, each</span> matching <code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-expression">expression</a></code>;</li>
+<li><em><span class="delete">namedBundles</span><span class="insert">bundles</span></em>:  a  set of<span class="insert"> expressions, each matching</span>
+<code><span class="delete">namedBundle</span><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bundle"><span class="insert">bundle</span></a></code>.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<p>Thus, <span class="delete">named </span>bundles <span class="delete">can</span><em class="rfc2119" title="may"><span class="insert">may</span></em> occur inside a <span class="delete">toplevel bundle. 
+Named bundles are self-contained: each identifier occuring in a named bundle, including the named bundle's identifier itself, </span><span class="delete">must</span><span class="delete"> be interpreted with respect to the namespace declarations of that named bundle. In</span><span class="insert">document, but do not appear inside</span> other <span class="delete">words, named bundles </span><span class="delete">should</span><span class="delete"> not inherit namespaces declarations from the toplevel bundle.</span><span class="insert">bundles.</span>
+</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_45"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_45">Example <span class="delete">42</span><span class="insert">45</span></a></div>
+<p>
+The following <span class="delete">bundle</span><span class="insert">document</span> contains expressions related to the provenance of entity 
+<span class="name">e2</span>.
+</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">bundle</span><span class="insert">document</span>
+  default &lt;http://anotherexample.org/&gt;
+  prefix ex &lt;http://example.org/&gt;
+
+  entity(e2, [ prov:type="File", ex:path="/shared/crime.txt", ex:creator="Alice", 
+               ex:content="There was a lot of crime in London last month."])
+  activity(a1, 2011-11-16T16:05:00, -, [prov:type="edit"])
+  wasGeneratedBy(e2, a1, -, [ex:fct="save"])     
+  wasAssociatedWith(a1, ag2, -, [prov:role="author"])
+  agent(ag2, [ prov:type='prov:Person', ex:name="Bob" ])
+
+<span class="delete">endBundle</span><span class="insert">endDocument</span>
+</pre>
+<p>This container could for instance be returned as the result of a query to a provenance store for the provenance of entity <span class="name">e2</span> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>].  
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="extensibility" class="section">
+<h2><span class="secno">5. </span>Extensibility</h2>
+
+<p>The PROV data model is extensible by means of attributes <span class="name">prov:type</span> and <span class="name">prov:role</span> allowing subtyping of expressions.  For some applications, novel  syntax may also be convenient. Hence, the normative requirements are as follow.
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li> PROV-N compliant parsers <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be able to parse expressions matching the <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityExpression">extensibilityExpression</a></code> production defined below.
+</li><li> As PROV provides no definition for these expressions, PROV compliant implementations 
+ <em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em> ignore these expressions.</li>
+<li> Extensions to PROV and PROV-N <em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em> specify more specific productions and interpretations for these expressions, which applications <em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em> <span class="delete">adopt</span><span class="insert">elect</span> to follow. </li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+
+<table class="grammar">
+
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-extensibilityExpression" name="prod-extensibilityExpression"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">51</span><span class="insert">49</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">extensibilityExpression</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">QUALIFIED_NAME</a></span> "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalIdentifier">optionalIdentifier</a></span> <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityArgument">extensibilityArgument</a></span> ( "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityArgument">extensibilityArgument</a></span> )* <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-optionalAttributeValuePairs">optionalAttributeValuePairs</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-extensibilityArgument" name="prod-extensibilityArgument"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">52</span><span class="insert">50</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">extensibilityArgument</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">( <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-identifierOrMarker">identifierOrMarker</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-literal">literal</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-time">time</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityExpression">extensibilityExpression</a></span> | <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityTuple">extensibilityTuple</a></span> )</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr valign="baseline"> <td><a id="prod-extensibilityTuple" name="prod-extensibilityTuple"></a>[<span class="prodNo"><span class="delete">53</span><span class="insert">51</span></span>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="production prod">extensibilityTuple</code></td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;::=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td><code class="content">"{" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityArgument">extensibilityArgument</a></span> ( "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityArgument">extensibilityArgument</a></span> )* "}"<br> | "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityArgument">extensibilityArgument</a></span> ( "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityArgument">extensibilityArgument</a></span> )* ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+
+</table>
+
+<p>Expressions compatible with the
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityExpression">extensibilityExpression</a></code> production follow a general form of functional syntax, in which the predicate <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be a
+<code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-QUALIFIED_NAME">qualifiedName</a></code>
+with a non-empty <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#rPN_PREFIX">prefix</a></code>.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="example_46"><div class="anexampleTitle"><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_46">Example <span class="delete">43</span><span class="insert">46</span></a></div>
+<p>
+<a href="#component6">Collections</a> are sets of entities, whose membership can be expressed using the <span class="name">hadMember</span> relation.  The following example shows how one can express membership for <em><span class="insert">dictionaries</span></em><span class="insert">, </span>an <span class="insert">illustrative </span>extension of <span class="delete">Collections, namely</span><span class="insert">Collections consisting of</span> sets of <span class="delete">key-value pairs.</span><span class="insert">key-entity pairs, where a key is a </span><code><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-literal"><span class="insert">literal</span></a></code><span class="insert">.</span> The notation is a variation of that used for Collections membership, allowing multiple member elements to be declared, and in which the elements are pairs. The name of the relation is qualified with the extension-specific namespace <span class="name">http://example.org/dictionaries</span>.
+</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">  prefix dictExt <span class="delete">&lt;http://example.org/dictionaries&gt;</span><span class="insert">&lt;http://example.org/dictionaries#&gt;</span>
+  dictExt:hadMembers(mId; d, {("k1",e1), ("k2",e2), ("k3",e3)}, []) 
+</pre>
+
+Note that the generic <code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-extensibilityExpression">extensibilityExpression</a></code> production  above allows for alternative notations to be used for expressing membership, if the designers of the extensions so desire. Here is an alternate syntax that is consistent with the productions:
+<pre class="codeexample">  prefix dictExt <span class="delete">&lt;http://example.org/dictionaries&gt;</span><span class="insert">&lt;http://example.org/dictionaries#&gt;</span>
+  dictExt:hadMembers(mid; d, dictExt:set(dictExt:pair("k1",e1), 
+                                         dictExt:pair("k2",e2), 
+                                         dictExt:pair("k3",e3)), 
+                            [dictExt:uniqueKeys="true"]) 
+</pre>
+
+  
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div id="media-type" class="section">
+<h2><span class="secno">6. </span>Media Type</h2>
+
+<p>
+The media type of PROV-N is <span class="name">text/provenance-notation</span>. The content encoding of PROV-N content is UTF-8.
+</p>
+
+
+ <dl> 
+      <dt>Contact:</dt> 
+      <dd>Ivan Herman</dd> 
+      <dt>See also:</dt> 
+      <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/2002/06/registering-mediatype">How to Register a Media Type for a <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Specification</a></dd> 
+      <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/tag/2002/0129-mime">Internet Media Type registration, consistency of use</a><br>TAG Finding 3 June 2002 (Revised 4 September 2002)</dd> 
+    </dl> 
+    <p>The Internet Media Type / MIME Type for PROV-N is "text/provenance-notation".</p> 
+    <p>It is recommended that PROV-N files have the extension ".provn" (all lowercase) on all platforms.</p> 
+    <p>It is recommended that PROV-N files stored on Macintosh HFS file systems be given a file type of "TEXT".</p> 
+    <p><span class="delete">This</span><span class="insert">The</span> information that follows <span class="delete">is being </span><span class="insert">has been </span><a href="TBD">submitted to the IESG</a> for review, approval, and registration with IANA.</p> 
+    <dl> 
+      <dt>Type name:</dt> 
+      <dd>text</dd> 
+      <dt>Subtype name:</dt> 
+      <dd>provenance-notation</dd> 
+      <dt>Required parameters:</dt> 
+      <dd><span class="delete">None</span><kbd><span class="insert">charset</span></kbd><span class="insert"> — the value of </span><kbd><span class="insert">charset</span></kbd> <em class="rfc2119" title="must"><span class="insert">must</span></em><span class="insert"> always be </span><kbd><span class="insert">UTF-8</span></kbd><span class="insert">.</span></dd> 
+      <dt>Optional parameters:</dt> 
+      <dd><span class="delete">charset</span><span class="delete"> — this parameter is mandatory. The value of </span><span class="delete">charset</span><span class="delete"> is always </span><span class="delete">UTF-8</span><span class="delete">.</span><span class="insert">None</span></dd> 
+
+      <dt>Encoding considerations:<span class="insert"> 8bit</span></dt> 
+      <dd>The syntax of PROV-N is expressed over code points in Unicode [<cite><span class="delete">UNICODE5</span><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-UNICODE"><span class="insert">UNICODE</span></a></cite>]. The encoding is always UTF-8 [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-UTF-8">UTF-8</a></cite>].</dd> 
+      <dd>Unicode code points may also be expressed using an \uXXXX (U+0 to U+FFFF) or \UXXXXXXXX syntax (for U+10000 onwards) where X is a hexadecimal digit [0-9A-F]</dd> 
+      <dt>Security considerations:</dt> 
+      <dd>PROV-N is a general-purpose language for describing the provenance of things; applications may evaluate given data to infer more descriptions or to dereference URIs, invoking the security considerations of the scheme for that URI. Note in particular, the privacy issues in [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3023">RFC3023</a></cite>] section 10 for HTTP URIs. Data obtained from an inaccurate or malicious data source may lead to inaccurate or misleading conclusions, as well as the dereferencing of unintended URIs. Care must be taken to align the trust in consulted resources with the sensitivity of the intended use of the data.</dd> 
+      <dd>PROV-N is used to express the provenance of arbitrary application data; security considerations will vary by domain of use. Security tools and protocols applicable to text (e.g. PGP encryption, MD5 sum validation, password-protected compression) may also be used on PROV-N documents. Security/privacy protocols must be imposed which reflect the sensitivity of the embedded information.  </dd> 
+      <dd>PROV-N can express data which is presented to the user, for example, by means of label attributes. Application rendering strings retrieved from untrusted PROV-N documents must ensure that malignant strings may not be used to mislead the reader. The security considerations in the media type registration for XML ([<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3023">RFC3023</a></cite>] section 10) provide additional guidance around the expression of arbitrary data and markup.</dd> 
+      <dd>PROV-N is a language for describing the provenance of things, and therefore a PROV-N document is metadata for other resources.  Untrusted PROV-N documents may mislead its consumers by indicating that a third-party resource has a reputable lineage, when it has not. Provenance of PROV-N document should be sought. </dd>
+      <dd>PROV-N uses qualified names mappeable to IRIs as term identifiers. Applications interpreting data expressed in PROV-N should address the security issues of
+  <a class="norm" href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt">Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs)</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3987">RFC3987</a></cite>] Section 8, as well as
+  <a class="norm" href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3986">RFC3986</a></cite>] Section 7.</dd> 
+      <dd>Multiple IRIs may have the same appearance. Characters in different scripts may 
+look similar (a Cyrillic "о" may appear similar to a Latin "o"). A character followed 
+by combining characters may have the same visual representation as another character 
+(LATIN SMALL LETTER E followed by COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT has the same visual representation 
+as LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE).
+ 
+Any person or application that is writing or interpreting data in PROV-N must take care to use the IRI that matches the intended semantics, and avoid IRIs that make look similar.
+Further information about matching of similar characters can be found 
+in <a class="inform" href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/">Unicode Security 
+Considerations</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-UNISEC">UNISEC</a></cite>] and
+<a class="norm" href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt">Internationalized Resource 
+Identifiers (IRIs)</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3987">RFC3987</a></cite>] Section 8.
+</dd> 
+ 
+      <dt>Interoperability considerations:</dt> 
+      <dd>There are no known interoperability issues.</dd> 
+      <dt>Published specification:</dt> 
+      <dd>PROV-N: The Provenance Notation, Moreau, Missier, (eds), Cheney, Soiland-Reyes
+      <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a><span class="insert">, 2012.</span></dd> 
+      <dt>Applications which use this media type:</dt> 
+      <dd><span class="delete">No widely deployed applications are known</span><span class="insert">It may be used by any application for publishing provenance information. This format is designed</span> to <span class="delete">use this media type. It may </span>be <span class="delete">used by some web services and clients consuming their data.</span><span class="insert">a human-readable form of provenance. </span></dd> 
+      <dt>Additional information:</dt> 
+      <dt>Magic number(s):</dt> 
+      <dd>PROV-N documents may have the strings <span class="delete">'bundle'</span><span class="insert">'document'</span> near the beginning of the document.</dd> 
+      <dt>File extension(s):</dt> 
+      <dd>".provn"</dd> 
+      <dt>Base URI:</dt> 
+      <dd>There are no constructs in the PROV-N Syntax to change the Base IRI.</dd> 
+      <dt>Macintosh file type code(s):</dt> 
+      <dd>"TEXT"</dd> 
+      <dt>Person &amp; email address to contact for further information:</dt> 
+      <dd><span class="delete">public-prov-comments@w3.org</span><span class="insert">Ivan Herman, ivan@w3.org</span></dd> 
+      <dt>Intended usage:</dt> 
+      <dd>COMMON</dd> 
+      <dt>Restrictions on usage:</dt> 
+      <dd>None</dd> 
+      <dt>Author/Change controller:</dt> 
+      <dd>The PROV-N specification is the product of the World Wide Web Consortium's PROV Working Group. The <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> has change control over this specification.</dd> 
+    </dl> 
+ 
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="appendix informative section" id="changes-since-last-version"> 
+      <h2><span class="secno">A. </span><span class="insert">Changes since last version</span></h2><p><em><span class="insert">This section is non-normative.</span></em></p> 
+<p><span class="insert"> Please see the </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ResponsesToPublicComments"><span class="insert">Responses to Public Comments on the Last Call Working Draft</span></a><span class="insert"> for more details about the justification of these changes.</span></p>
+<ul>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/543"><span class="insert">ISSUE-543</span></a><span class="insert">: Uses key-entity pair terminology for example 43.
+</span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/538"><span class="insert">ISSUE-538</span></a><span class="insert">: Rephrasing of text in example 10.
+</span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/547"><span class="insert">ISSUE-547</span></a><span class="insert">: Aligned terminology and productions with prov-constraints document, renaming 'toplevel bundle' to 'document', and renaming 'named bundle' to 'bundle'.
+</span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/496"><span class="insert">ISSUE-496</span></a><span class="insert">: For each prov-n term, added a cross-reference to corresponding prov-dm term (see table following each production). Rephrased text related to scope of a namespace declaration. Added an informative file with all productions.
+</span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/573"><span class="insert">ISSUE-573</span></a><span class="insert">: Updated Media Type section. 
+</span></li><li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/589"><span class="insert">ISSUE-589</span></a><span class="insert">: Updated scoping rule for prefix-namespace declaration. Also refrained from saying bundles are self-contained. 
+</span></li><li><span class="insert"> Moved feature at Risk mention into a separate note.
+</span></li><li><span class="insert"> Editorial's pass pre-publication.
+</span></li></ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="appendix informative section" id="acknowledgements"> 
+      <h2><span class="secno"><span class="insert">B. </span></span>Acknowledgements</h2><p><em><span class="insert">This section is non-normative.</span></em></p> 
+      <p> 
+
+This  document has been produced by the PROV Working Group, and its contents reflect extensive discussion within the Working Group as a whole. 
+      </p> 
+
+
+ 
+
+<p><span class="insert">
+The editors acknowledge valuable contributions from the following:
+David Booth,
+Robert Freimuth,
+Satrajit Ghosh,
+Ralph Hodgson,
+Renato Iannella,
+Jacek Kopecky,
+James Leigh,
+Jacco van Ossenbruggen,
+Alan Ruttenberg,
+Reza Samavi, and
+Antoine Zimmermann.
+</span></p>
+
+<p>
+Members of the PROV Working Group at the time of publication of this document were:
+
+Ilkay Altintas (Invited expert),
+Reza B'Far (Oracle Corporation),
+Khalid Belhajjame (University of Manchester),
+James Cheney (University of Edinburgh, School of Informatics),
+Sam Coppens (IBBT),
+David Corsar (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science),
+Stephen Cresswell (The National Archives),
+Tom De Nies (IBBT),
+Helena Deus (DERI Galway at the National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland),
+Simon Dobson (Invited expert),
+Martin Doerr (Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas(FORTH)),
+Kai Eckert (Invited expert),
+Jean-Pierre EVAIN (European Broadcasting Union, EBU-UER),
+James Frew (Invited expert),
+Irini Fundulaki (Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas(FORTH)),
+Daniel Garijo (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid),
+Yolanda Gil (Invited expert),
+Ryan Golden (Oracle Corporation),
+Paul Groth (Vrije Universiteit),
+Olaf Hartig (Invited expert),
+David Hau (National Cancer Institute, NCI),
+Sandro Hawke (<acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>/<acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym>),
+Jörn Hees (German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) Gmbh),
+Ivan Herman, (<acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>/<acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym>),
+Ralph Hodgson (TopQuadrant),
+Hook Hua (Invited expert),
+Trung Dong Huynh (University of Southampton),
+Graham Klyne (University of Oxford),
+Michael Lang (Revelytix, Inc.),
+Timothy Lebo (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+James McCusker (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Deborah McGuinness (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Simon Miles (Invited expert),
+Paolo Missier (School of Computing Science, Newcastle university),
+Luc Moreau (University of Southampton),
+James Myers (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Vinh Nguyen (Wright State University),
+Edoardo Pignotti (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science),
+Paulo da Silva Pinheiro (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Carl Reed (Open Geospatial Consortium),
+Adam Retter (Invited Expert),
+Christine Runnegar (Invited expert),
+Satya Sahoo (Invited expert),
+David Schaengold (Revelytix, Inc.),
+Daniel Schutzer (FSTC, Financial Services Technology Consortium),
+Yogesh Simmhan (Invited expert),
+Stian Soiland-Reyes (University of Manchester),
+Eric Stephan (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory),
+Linda Stewart (The National Archives),
+Ed Summers (Library of Congress),
+Maria Theodoridou (Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas(FORTH)),
+Ted Thibodeau (OpenLink Software Inc.),
+Curt Tilmes (National Aeronautics and Space Administration),
+Craig Trim (IBM Corporation),
+Stephan Zednik (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Jun Zhao (University of Oxford),
+Yuting Zhao (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science).
+</p>
+
+    </div> 
+
+
+ 
+<div id="references" class="appendix section"><h2><span class="secno"><span class="delete">B.</span><span class="insert">C.</span> </span>References</h2><div id="normative-references" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><span class="delete">B.1</span><span class="insert">C.1</span> </span>Normative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-IRI">[IRI]</dt><dd>M. Duerst, M. Suignard. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><cite>Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRI).</cite></a> January 2005. Internet RFC 3987. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt</a> 
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS"><span class="insert">[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]</span></dt><dd><span class="insert">James Cheney, Paolo Missier, and Luc Moreau (eds.), Tom De Nies. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/"><cite><span class="insert">Constraints of the PROV Data Model</span></cite></a><span class="insert">. 2012, Candidate Recommendation. URL: </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/</span></a><span class="insert">.
+</span></dd><dt id="bib-PROV-DM"><span class="insert">[PROV-DM]</span></dt><dd><span class="insert">Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Reza B'Far, James Cheney, Sam Coppens, Stephen Cresswell, Yolanda Gil, Paul Groth, Graham Klyne, Tim Lebo, Jim McCusker, Simon Miles, James Myers, Satya Sahoo, and Curt Tilmes </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/"><cite><span class="insert">PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</span></cite></a><span class="insert">. 2012, Working Draft. URL: </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-O"><span class="insert">[PROV-O]</span></dt><dd><span class="insert">Timothy Lebo, Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, David Corsar, Daniel Garijo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, Stephan Zednik, and Jun Zhao. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/"><cite><span class="insert">Provenance Formal Model</span></cite></a><span class="insert">. 2012, Candidate Recommendation. URL: </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/</span></a><span class="insert">.
+</span></dd><dt id="bib-RDF-SPARQL-QUERY">[RDF-SPARQL-QUERY]</dt><dd>Andy Seaborne; Eric Prud'hommeaux. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115"><cite>SPARQL Query Language for RDF.</cite></a> 15 January 2008. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115">http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115</a> 
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC2119">[RFC2119]</dt><dd>S. Bradner. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><cite>Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.</cite></a> March 1997. Internet RFC 2119.  URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a> 
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC3023">[RFC3023]</dt><dd>M. Murata; S. St.Laurent; D. Kohn. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt"><cite>XML Media Types</cite></a> January 2001. Internet RFC 3023. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt</a> 
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC3986">[RFC3986]</dt><dd>T. Berners-Lee; R. Fielding; L. Masinter. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"><cite>Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax.</cite></a> January 2005. Internet RFC 3986. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt</a> 
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC3987">[RFC3987]</dt><dd>M. Dürst; M. Suignard. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><cite>Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs).</cite></a> January 2005. Internet RFC 3987. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt</a> 
+</dd><dt id="bib-UNICODE"><span class="insert">[UNICODE]</span></dt><dd><span class="insert">The Unicode Consortium.  </span><a href="http://www.unicode.org/unicode/standard/versions/enumeratedversions.html"><cite><span class="insert">The Unicode Standard.</span></cite></a><span class="insert">.  Defined by: The Unicode Standard, Version 6.2.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2012. ISBN 978-1-936213-07-8) , as updated from time to time by the publication of new versions URL: </span><a href="http://www.unicode.org/unicode/standard/versions/enumeratedversions.html"><span class="insert">http://www.unicode.org/unicode/standard/versions/enumeratedversions.html</span></a> 
+</dd><dt id="bib-URI">[URI]</dt><dd>T. Berners-Lee; R. Fielding; L. Masinter. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"><cite>Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): generic syntax.</cite></a> January 2005. Internet RFC 3986. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt</a> 
+</dd><dt id="bib-UTF-8">[UTF-8]</dt><dd>F. Yergeau. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3629.txt"><cite>UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646</cite></a>. IETF RFC 3629. November 2003. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3629.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3629.txt</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-XML-NAMES">[XML-NAMES]</dt><dd>Richard Tobin; et al. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/"><cite>Namespaces in XML 1.0 (Third Edition).</cite></a> 8 December 2009. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/</a> 
+</dd><dt id="bib-XML11">[XML11]</dt><dd>Eve Maler; et al. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816"><cite>Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.1 (Second Edition).</cite></a> 16 August 2006. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816">http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816</a> 
+</dd><dt id="bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">[XMLSCHEMA11-2]</dt><dd>Henry S. Thompson; et al. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/"><cite>W3C XML Schema Definition Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 2: Datatypes.</cite></a> 5 April 2012. W3C Recommendation URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/</a> 
+</dd></dl></div><div id="informative-references" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><span class="delete">B.2</span><span class="insert">C.2</span> </span>Informative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-PROV-AQ">[PROV-AQ]</dt><dd>Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon <span class="delete">Miles </span><span class="insert">Miles. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. <span class="delete">2011,</span><span class="insert">2012,</span> Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/</span></a><span class="insert">.</span>
+</dd><span class="delete">[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]</span><dt id="bib-PROV-OVERVIEW"><span class="insert">[PROV-OVERVIEW]</span></dt><dd><span class="delete">James Cheney, Paolo Missier, and Luc Moreau (eds.)</span><span class="insert">AUTHORS TBD. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/"><cite><span class="delete">Constraints</span><span class="insert">PROV-OVERVIEW: The PROV Family</span> of <span class="delete">the Prov Data Model</span><span class="insert">Documents</span></cite></a>. 2012, Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/</span></a><span class="insert">.</span>
+</dd><span class="delete">[PROV-DM]</span><dt id="bib-PROV-PRIMER"><span class="insert">[PROV-PRIMER]</span></dt><dd><span class="delete">Luc Moreau</span><span class="insert">Yolanda Gil</span> and <span class="insert">Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, </span>Paolo <span class="delete">Missier (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Reza B'Far, Stephen Cresswell, Yolanda Gil, Paul Groth, Graham Klyne, Jim McCusker, Simon Miles, James Myers, Satya Sahoo,</span><span class="insert">Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes,</span> and <span class="delete">Curt Tilmes</span><span class="insert">Stephan Zednik. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/"><cite><span class="delete">PROV-DM: The PROV Data</span><span class="insert">Prov</span> Model<span class="insert"> Primer</span></cite></a>. 2012, Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/</span></a><span class="insert">.</span>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-RDF">[PROV-RDF]</dt><dd>James Cheney <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF"><cite>PROV-RDF Mapping </cite></a>2012, Working in Progress. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-SEM">[PROV-SEM]</dt><dd>James <span class="delete">Cheney</span><span class="insert">Cheney.</span> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. 2011, Work in progress. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a><span class="insert">.</span>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-XML">[PROV-XML]</dt><dd><span class="delete">James Cheney </span><span class="insert">Hook Hua, Curt Tilmes, and Stephan Zednik (eds.) Luc Moreau. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/"><cite><span class="delete">PROV-XML Mapping </span><span class="insert">PROV-XML: The PROV XML Schema</span></cite></a><span class="insert">. </span>2012, <span class="delete">Working in Progress.</span><span class="insert">Candidate Recommendation.</span> URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvXML</span>
+<span class="delete">[UNICODE5]</span><span class="delete">The Unicode Consortium. </span><span class="delete">The Unicode Standard, Version 5.1.0.</span><span class="delete"> Addison-Wesley. 2007. ISBN 0-321-48091-0. URL: </span><span class="delete">http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode5.1.0/</span> 
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/</span></a><span class="insert">.
+</span></dd><dt id="bib-UNISEC">[UNISEC]</dt><dd> Mark Davis and Michel Suignard. <a href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/"><cite>Unicode Security Considerations<cite></cite></cite></a>.  4 August 2010. URL: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/">http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/</a>
+</dd></dl></div></div></body></html>
+
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/releases/CR-prov-n-20121211/grammar.txt	Mon Nov 19 16:16:15 2012 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+]>
+
+Productions:
+
+[1]  document                       :: "document" (namespaceDeclarations)? (expression)* (bundle)* "endDocument"
+                                 =   
+[2]  expression                     :: ( entityExpression | activityExpression | generationExpression | usageExpression
+                                 =     | startExpression | endExpression | invalidationExpression | 
+                                       communicationExpression | agentExpression | associationExpression | 
+                                       attributionExpression | delegationExpression | derivationExpression | 
+                                       influenceExpression | alternateExpression | specializationExpression | 
+                                       membershipExpression | extensibilityExpression )
+[3]  entityExpression               :: "entity" "(" identifier optionalAttributeValuePairs ")"
+                                 =   
+[4]  optionalAttributeValuePairs    :: (( "," "[" attributeValuePairs "]" ))?
+                                 =   
+[5]  attributeValuePairs            :: ( | attributeValuePair (( "," attributeValuePair ))* )
+                                 =   
+[6]  attributeValuePair             :: attribute "=" literal
+                                 =   
+[7]  activityExpression             :: "activity" "(" identifier (( "," timeOrMarker "," timeOrMarker ))? 
+                                 =     optionalAttributeValuePairs ")"
+[8]  timeOrMarker                   :: ( timeZZ | "-" )
+                                 =   
+[9]  generationExpression           :: "wasGeneratedBy" "(" optionalIdentifier eIdentifier (( "," aIdentifierOrMarker
+                                 =     "," timeOrMarker ))? optionalAttributeValuePairs ")"
+[10] optionalIdentifier             :: (( identifierOrMarker ";" ))?
+                                 =   
+[11] identifierOrMarker             :: ( identifier | "-" )
+                                 =   
+[12] usageExpression                :: "used" "(" optionalIdentifier aIdentifier (( "," eIdentifierOrMarker "," 
+                                 =     timeOrMarker ))? optionalAttributeValuePairs ")"
+[13] communicationExpression        :: "wasInformedBy" "(" optionalIdentifier aIdentifier "," aIdentifier 
+                                 =     optionalAttributeValuePairs ")"
+[14] startExpression                :: "wasStartedBy" "(" optionalIdentifier aIdentifier (( "," eIdentifierOrMarker ","
+                                 =     aIdentifierOrMarker "," timeOrMarker ))? optionalAttributeValuePairs ")"
+[15] endExpression                  :: "wasEndedBy" "(" optionalIdentifier aIdentifier (( "," eIdentifierOrMarker "," 
+                                 =     aIdentifierOrMarker "," timeOrMarker ))? optionalAttributeValuePairs ")"
+[16] invalidationExpression         :: "wasInvalidatedBy" "(" optionalIdentifier eIdentifier (( "," aIdentifierOrMarker
+                                 =     "," timeOrMarker ))? optionalAttributeValuePairs ")"
+[17] derivationExpression           :: "wasDerivedFrom" "(" optionalIdentifier eIdentifier "," eIdentifier (( "," 
+                                 =     aIdentifierOrMarker "," gIdentifierOrMarker "," uIdentifierOrMarker ))? 
+                                       optionalAttributeValuePairs ")"
+[18] agentExpression                :: "agent" "(" identifier optionalAttributeValuePairs ")"
+                                 =   
+[19] attributionExpression          :: "wasAttributedTo" "(" optionalIdentifier eIdentifier "," agIdentifier 
+                                 =     optionalAttributeValuePairs ")"
+[20] associationExpression          :: "wasAssociatedWith" "(" optionalIdentifier aIdentifier (( "," 
+                                 =     agIdentifierOrMarker "," eIdentifierOrMarker ))? optionalAttributeValuePairs ")"
+[21] delegationExpression           :: "actedOnBehalfOf" "(" optionalIdentifier agIdentifier "," agIdentifier (( "," 
+                                 =     aIdentifierOrMarker ))? optionalAttributeValuePairs ")"
+[22] influenceExpression            :: "wasInfluencedBy" "(" optionalIdentifier eIdentifier "," eIdentifier 
+                                 =     optionalAttributeValuePairs ")"
+[23] bundle                         :: "bundle" identifier (namespaceDeclarations)? (expression)* "endBundle"
+                                 =   
+[24] alternateExpression            :: "alternateOf" "(" eIdentifier "," eIdentifier ")"
+                                 =   
+[25] specializationExpression       :: "specializationOf" "(" eIdentifier "," eIdentifier ")"
+                                 =   
+[26] membershipExpression           :: "hadMember" "(" cIdentifier "," eIdentifier ")"
+                                 =   
+[27] eIdentifier                    :: identifier
+                                 =   
+[28] aIdentifier                    :: identifier
+                                 =   
+[29] agIdentifier                   :: identifier
+                                 =   
+[30] gIdentifier                    :: identifier
+                                 =   
+[31] uIdentifier                    :: identifier
+                                 =   
+[32] cIdentifier                    :: identifier
+                                 =   
+[33] eIdentifierOrMarker            :: ( eIdentifier | "-" )
+                                 =   
+[34] aIdentifierOrMarker            :: ( aIdentifier | "-" )
+                                 =   
+[35] agIdentifierOrMarker           :: ( agIdentifier | "-" )
+                                 =   
+[36] gIdentifierOrMarker            :: ( gIdentifier | "-" )
+                                 =   
+[37] uIdentifierOrMarker            :: ( uIdentifier | "-" )
+                                 =   
+[38] identifier                     :: QUALIFIED_NAME
+                                 =   
+[39] attribute                      :: QUALIFIED_NAME
+                                 =   
+[40] literal                        :: typedLiteral
+                                 =     | convenienceNotation
+[41] typedLiteral                   :: STRING_LITERAL "%%" datatype
+                                 =   
+[42] datatype                       :: QUALIFIED_NAME
+                                 =   
+[43] convenienceNotation            :: STRING_LITERAL (LANGTAG)?
+                                 =     | INT_LITERAL
+                                       | QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL
+[44] timeZZ                         :: DATETIME
+                                 =   
+[45] namespaceDeclarations          :: ( defaultNamespaceDeclaration | namespaceDeclaration ) (namespaceDeclaration)*
+                                 =   
+[46] namespaceDeclaration           :: "prefix" PN_PREFIX namespace
+                                 =   
+[47] defaultNamespaceDeclaration    :: "default" IRI_REF
+                                 =   
+[48] namespace                      :: IRI_REF
+                                 =   
+[49] extensibilityExpression        :: QUALIFIED_NAME "(" optionalIdentifier extensibilityArgument (( "," 
+                                 =     extensibilityArgument ))* optionalAttributeValuePairs ")"
+[50] extensibilityArgument          :: ( identifierOrMarker | literal | timeZZ | extensibilityExpression | 
+                                 =     extensibilityTuple )
+[51] extensibilityTuple             :: "{" extensibilityArgument (( "," extensibilityArgument ))* "}"
+                                 =     | "(" extensibilityArgument (( "," extensibilityArgument ))* ")"
+[52] <QUALIFIED_NAME>               :: (( PN_PREFIX ":" ))? PN_LOCAL
+                                 =     | PN_PREFIX ":"
+[53] <PN_LOCAL>                     :: ( PN_CHARS_U | [0-9] | PN_CHARS_OTHERS ) (( (( PN_CHARS | "." | PN_CHARS_OTHERS
+                                 =     ))* ( PN_CHARS | PN_CHARS_OTHERS ) ))?
+[54] <PN_CHARS_OTHERS>              :: "/"
+                                 =     | "@"
+                                       | "~"
+                                       | "&"
+                                       | "+"
+                                       | "*"
+                                       | "?"
+                                       | "#"
+                                       | "$"
+                                       | "!"
+                                       | PERCENT
+                                       | PN_CHARS_ESC
+[55] <PN_CHARS_ESC>                 :: "\\" ( "=" | "'" | "(" | ")" | "," | "-" | ":" | ";" | "[" | "]" | "." )
+                                 =   
+[56] <PERCENT>                      :: "%" HEX HEX
+                                 =   
+[57] <HEX>                          :: [0-9]
+                                 =     | [A-F]
+                                       | [a-f]
+[58] <STRING_LITERAL>               :: STRING_LITERAL2
+                                 =     | STRING_LITERAL_LONG2
+[59] <PREFX>                        :: PN_PREFIX
+                                 =   
+[60] <INT_LITERAL>                  :: ("-")? (DIGIT)+
+                                 =   
+[61] <QUALIFIED_NAME_LITERAL>       :: "'" QUALIFIED_NAME "'"
+                                 =   
+[62] <DIGIT>                        :: [0-9]
+                                 =   
+[63] <DATETIME>                     :: DIGIT DIGIT DIGIT DIGIT "-" DIGIT DIGIT "-" DIGIT DIGIT "T" DIGIT DIGIT ":" 
+                                 =     DIGIT DIGIT ":" DIGIT DIGIT (( "." DIGIT (( DIGIT (DIGIT)? ))? ))? (( "Z" | 
+                                       TIMEZONEOFFSET ))?
+[64] <TIMEZONEOFFSET>               :: ( "+" | "-" ) DIGIT DIGIT ":" DIGIT DIGIT
+                                 =   
--- a/model/releases/WD-prov-n-20120724/Overview.html	Mon Nov 19 16:15:37 2012 +0000
+++ b/model/releases/WD-prov-n-20120724/Overview.html	Mon Nov 19 16:16:15 2012 +0000
@@ -3486,6 +3486,7 @@
 This  document has been produced by the PROV Working Group, and its contents reflect extensive discussion within the Working Group as a whole. 
       </p> 
 
+
 <p>
 Members of the PROV Working Group at the time of publication of this document were:
 
--- a/paq/css/prov-aq.css	Mon Nov 19 16:15:37 2012 +0000
+++ b/paq/css/prov-aq.css	Mon Nov 19 16:16:15 2012 +0000
@@ -4,8 +4,20 @@
     color:  #224433;
 }
 
+    /* Be more specific: above override doesn't work */
+p code {
+    font-family: monospace;
+    color:  #224433;
+}
+
+div code {
+    font-family: monospace;
+    color:  #224433;
+}
+
 
 /* --- PATTERNS --- */
+
 pre.pattern {
     border-top: 1px solid #224433;
     border-bottom: 1px solid #224433;
@@ -18,6 +30,17 @@
     color:  #224433;
 }
 
+pre.example.code {
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #224433;
+    border-top: 1px solid #224433;
+    margin-top: 1em;
+    padding: 1em;
+}
+
+pre.example.code:before {
+    background: #224433;
+}
+
 /*
 pre.pattern::before {
     content:    "";
@@ -163,3 +186,9 @@
     font-family: monospace;
 }
 
+/* External link. CSS and image data copied from wikimedia.org.  Thanks! */
+a.externalRef {
+background:url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=) center right no-repeat;
+background:url(images/external-link-ltr-icon.png) center right no-repeat!ie;padding-right:13px
+}
+
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/paq/images/README.txt	Mon Nov 19 16:16:15 2012 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+External link icon copied from Wikipedia http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf3/skins/vector/images/external-link-ltr-icon.png
+
+Re-used with assumed permission per http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Terms_of_use
+
Binary file paq/images/external-link-ltr-icon.png has changed
--- a/paq/prov-aq.html	Mon Nov 19 16:15:37 2012 +0000
+++ b/paq/prov-aq.html	Mon Nov 19 16:16:15 2012 +0000
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
           // subtitle   :  "an excellent document",
 
           // if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
-        // publishDate:  "2012-06-19",
+          // publishDate:  "2012-06-19",
 
           // if the specification's copyright date is a range of years, specify
           // the start date here:
@@ -240,31 +240,29 @@
             More advanced discovery service and query mechanisms that may be used for more demanding deployments are described in <a href="#provenance-services" class="sectionRef"></a>, <a href="#querying-provenance-information" class="sectionRef"></a> and <a href="#incremental-provenance-retrieval" class="sectionRef"></a>.
           </li>
         </ul>
-     
-      
+      <p>
+        For ease of reference, the main body of this document contains some links to external web pages.  Such links are distinguished from internal references thus: <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/Main_Page" class="externalRef">W3C Provenance Working Group</a>
+      </p>
+
       <section>
         <h2>Concepts</h2>
        
-          <p>In defining the specification below, we make use of the following concepts. </p>
+          <p>In defining the specification below, we make use of the following concepts.</p>
           <dl>
-            <dt><dfn>Resource</dfn></dt>
-            <dd>a resource in the general sense of "whatever might be identified by a URI", as described by the Architecture of the World Wide Web [[WEBARCH]], <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/#id-resources">section 2.2</a>. A resource may be associated with multiple instances or views (<a class="internalDFN">constrained resource</a>s) with differing provenance.</dd>
-            <dt><dfn>Constrained resource</dfn></dt>
-            <dd>an aspect, version or instance of a <a class="internalDFN">resource</a>, about which one may wish to present some <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a>. For example, a weather report for a given date may be an aspect of a resource that is maintained as the current weather report. A constrained resource is itself a <a class="internalDFN">resource</a>, and may have it's own URI different from that of the original.  See also [[PROV-DM]], and [[WEBARCH]] <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/#representation-reuse">section 2.3.2</a>.</dd>
-            <dt><dfn>Target-URI</dfn></dt>
+            <a href="#dfn-resource"><dt><dfn>Resource</dfn></dt></a>
+            <dd>a resource in the general sense of "whatever might be identified by a URI", as described by the Architecture of the World Wide Web [[WEBARCH]], <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/#id-resources" class="externalRef">section 2.2</a>. A resource may be associated with multiple instances or views (<a class="internalDFN">constrained resource</a>s) with differing provenance.</dd>
+            <a href="#dfn-constrained-resource"><dt><dfn>Constrained resource</dfn></dt></a>
+            <dd>an aspect, version or instance of a <a class="internalDFN">resource</a>, about which one may wish to present some <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a>. For example, a weather report for a given date may be an aspect of a resource that is maintained as the current weather report. A constrained resource is itself a <a class="internalDFN">resource</a>, and may have it's own URI different from that of the original.  See also [[PROV-DM]], and [[WEBARCH]] <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/#representation-reuse" class="externalRef">section 2.3.2</a>.</dd>
+            <a href="#dfn-target-uri"><dt><dfn>Target-URI</dfn></dt></a>
             <dd>a URI denoting a <a class="internalDFN">resource</a> (including any <a class="internalDFN">constrained resource</a>), which identifies that resource for the purpose of finding and expressing <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a> associated with it (see <a href="#provenance-entities-resources" class="sectionRef"></a> for discussion)</dd>
-            <dt><dfn>Provenance information</dfn></dt>
+            <a href="#dfn-provenance-information"><dt><dfn>Provenance information</dfn></dt></a>
             <dd>refers to provenance represented in some fashion.</dd>
-            <dt><dfn>Provenance-URI</dfn></dt>
+            <a href="#dfn-provenance-uri"><dt><dfn>Provenance-URI</dfn></dt></a>
             <dd>a URI denoting some <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a>.</dd>
-            <dt><dfn>Provenance service</dfn></dt>
+            <a href="#dfn-provenance-service"><dt><dfn>Provenance service</dfn></dt></a>
             <dd>a service that provides <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a> given a <a class="internalDFN">target-URI</a>.</dd>
-            <dt><dfn>Service-URI</dfn></dt>
+            <a href="#dfn-service-uri"><dt><dfn>Service-URI</dfn></dt></a>
             <dd>the URI of a <a class="internalDFN">provenance service</a>.</dd>
-<!--
-            <dt><dfn>Resource</dfn></dt>
-            <dd>also referred to as <dfn>resource on the Web</dfn>: a resource as described by the Architecture of the World Wide Web [[WEBARCH]], <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/#id-resources">section 2.2</a>. A resource may be associated with multiple instances or views (<a class="internalDFN">constrained resource</a>s) with differing provenance.</dd>
--->
           </dl>
 
       </section>
@@ -275,7 +273,7 @@
           Fundamentally, <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a> is <em>about</em> <a class="internalDFN">resource</a>s.  In general, resources may vary over time and context.  E.g., a resource describing the weather in London changes from day-to-day, or a listing of restaurants near you will vary depending on your location.  Provenance information, to be useful, must be persistent and not itself dependent on context.  Yet we may still want to make provenance assertions about dynamic or context-dependent resources (e.g. a weather forecast for London on a particular day may have been derived from a particular set of Meteorological Office data).
         </p>
         <p>
-          Provenance descriptions of dynamic and context-dependent resources are possible through a notion of constrained resources.  A <a class="internalDFN">constrained resource</a> is simply a resource (in the sense defined by [[WEBARCH]], <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/#id-resources">section 2.2</a>) that is a contextualized view or instance of some other resource.  For example, a W3C specification typically undergoes several public revisions before it is finalized.  A URI that refers to the "current" revision might be thought of as denoting the specification throughout its lifetime.  Each individual revision would also have its own <a class="internalDFN">target-URI</a> denoting the specification at that particular stage in its development.  Using these, we can make provenance assertions that a particular revision was published on a particular date, and was last modified by a particular editor.  Target-URIs may use any URI scheme, and are not required to be dereferencable.
+          Provenance descriptions of dynamic and context-dependent resources are possible through a notion of constrained resources.  A <a class="internalDFN">constrained resource</a> is simply a resource (in the sense defined by [[WEBARCH]], <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/#id-resources" class="externalRef">section 2.2</a>) that is a contextualized view or instance of some other resource.  For example, a W3C specification typically undergoes several public revisions before it is finalized.  A URI that refers to the "current" revision might be thought of as denoting the specification throughout its lifetime.  Each individual revision would also have its own <a class="internalDFN">target-URI</a> denoting the specification at that particular stage in its development.  Using these, we can make provenance assertions that a particular revision was published on a particular date, and was last modified by a particular editor.  Target-URIs may use any URI scheme, and are not required to be dereferencable.
         </p>
         <p>
            Requests for provenance about a resource may return provenance information that uses one or more target-URIs to refer to versions of that resource.  Some given provenance information may use multiple target-URIs if there are assertions referring to the same underlying resource in different contexts.  For example, provenance information describing a W3C document might include information about all revisions of the document using statements that use the different target-URIs of the various revisions.
@@ -358,32 +356,33 @@
         These particular cases are selected as corresponding to primary current web protocol and data formats.  Similar approaches  may be possible for other protocols or resource formats.  Finally, in <a href="#arbitrary-data" class="sectionRef"></a>, we discuss the case of a resource in an unspecified format which has been provided by some means other than HTTP.
       </p>
       <p>
-        The mechanisms described here are intended to allow a provider to supply information that may assist a client in finding related provenance information.  While a provider should avoid giving spurious information, there are no fixed semantics, particularly when multiple resources are indicated, and a client should not assume that a specific given provenance-uri will yield information about a specific given target-uri.  In the general case, a client presented with multiple provenance-uris and multiple target-uris should look at all of the provenance-uris for information about any or all of the target-uris.
+        The mechanisms described here are intended to allow a provider to supply information that may assist a client in finding related provenance information, and the provenance information itself should explicitly identify the target resources it describes.  While a provider should avoid giving spurious information, there are no fixed semantics, particularly when multiple resources are indicated, and a client should not assume that a specific given provenance-uri will yield information about a specific given target-uri.  In the general case, a client presented with multiple provenance-uris and multiple target-uris should look at all of the provenance-uris for information about any or all of the target-uris.
       </p>
       <p>
-        The mechanisms specified for use with HTTP and HTML are similar to those proposed by POWDER [[POWDER-DR]] (sections <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-powder-dr-20090901/#assoc-markup">4.1.1</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-powder-dr-20090901/#httplink">4.1.3</a>).
+        The mechanisms specified for use with HTTP and HTML are similar to those proposed by POWDER [[POWDER-DR]] (sections <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-powder-dr-20090901/#assoc-markup" class="externalRef">4.1.1</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-powder-dr-20090901/#httplink" class="externalRef">4.1.3</a>).
       </p>
 
       <section>
         <h2>Resource accessed by HTTP</h2>
-        <p class="TODO">
-          @@TODO: Use URIs for link relations (?)
+        <p>
+          For a resource accessible using HTTP, provenance information may be indicated using an HTTP <code>Link</code> header field, as defined by <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5988" class="externalRef">Web Linking (RFC 5988)</a> [[LINK-REL]].  The <code>Link</code> header field is included in the HTTP response to a GET or HEAD operation (other HTTP operations are not excluded, but are not considered here).
         </p>
         <p>
-          For a resource accessible using HTTP, provenance information may be indicated using an HTTP <code>Link</code> header field, as defined by <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5988">Web Linking (RFC 5988)</a> [[LINK-REL]].  The <code>Link</code> header field is included in the HTTP response to a GET or HEAD operation (other HTTP operations are not excluded, but are not considered here).
+          A <code>hasProvenance</code> link relation type for referencing provenance information may be used as shown:
         </p>
-A <code>provenance</code> link relation type for referencing provenance information is registered according to the template in <a href="#iana-considerations" class="sectionRef"></a>, and may be used as shown:  <pre class="pattern">Link: <cite>provenance-URI</cite>; rel="provenance"; anchor="<cite>target-URI</cite>"</pre> When used in conjunction with an HTTP success response code (<code>2xx</code>), this HTTP header field indicates that <code><cite>provenance-URI</cite></code> is the URI of some provenance information associated with the requested resource and that the associated resource is identified within the referenced provenance information as <code><cite>target-URI</cite></code>. (See also <a href="#interpreting-provenance-information" class="sectionRef"></a>.)
+        <pre class="pattern">Link: <cite>provenance-URI</cite>; rel="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hasProvenance"; anchor="<cite>target-URI</cite>"</pre>
+        <p>When used in conjunction with an HTTP success response code (<code>2xx</code>), this HTTP header field indicates that <code><cite>provenance-URI</cite></code> is the URI of some provenance information associated with the requested resource and that the associated resource is identified within the referenced provenance information as <code><cite>target-URI</cite></code>. (See also <a href="#interpreting-provenance-information" class="sectionRef"></a>.)</p>
         <p>
-        If no <code>anchor</code> parameter is provided then the <code><cite>target-URI</cite></code> is assumed to be the URI of the resource, used in the corresponding HTTP request.
+          If no <code>anchor</code> parameter is provided then the <code><cite>target-URI</cite></code> is assumed to be the URI of the resource, used in the corresponding HTTP request.
         </p>
         <p>
-          At this time, the meaning of these links returned with other HTTP response codes is not defined: future revisions of this specification may define interpretations for these.
+          This specification does not define the meaning of these links returned with other HTTP response codes: future revisions may define interpretations for these.
         </p>
         <p>
-          An HTTP response MAY include multiple <code>provenance</code> link header fields, indicating a number of different provenance resources that are known to the responding server, each providing provenance information about the accessed resource.
+          An HTTP response MAY include multiple <code>hasProvenance</code> link header fields, indicating a number of different provenance resources that are known to the responding server, each providing provenance information about the accessed resource.
         </p>
         <p>
-          The presence of a <code>provenance</code> link in an HTTP response does not preclude the possibility that other publishers may offer provenance information about the same resource.  In such cases, discovery of the additional provenance information must use other means (e.g. see <a href="#provenance-services" class="sectionRef"></a>).
+          The presence of a <code>hasProvenance</code> link in an HTTP response does not preclude the possibility that other publishers may offer provenance information about the same resource.  In such cases, discovery of the additional provenance information must use other means (e.g. see <a href="#provenance-services" class="sectionRef"></a>).
         </p>
         <p>
           Provenance resources indicated in this way are not guaranteed to be authoritative.  Trust in the linked provenance information must be determined separately from trust in the original resource. Just as in the web at large, it is a user's responsibility to determine an appropriate level of trust in any other linked resource; e.g. based on the domain that serves it, or an associated digital signature. (See also <a href="#security-considerations" class="sectionRef"></a>.)
@@ -391,34 +390,70 @@
 
         <section>
           <h2>Specifying Provenance Services</h2>
-            <p>
-              The resource provider may indicate that provenance information about the resource is provided by a <a class="internalDFN">provenance service</a>. This is done through the use of a <code>provenance-service</code> link relation type following the same pattern as above:
-            </p>
-            <pre class="pattern">
-Link: <cite>provenance-service-URI</cite>; anchor="<cite>target-URI</cite>"; rel="provenance-service"</pre>
-            <p>
-              The <code>provenance-service</code> link identifies the <a class="internalDFN">service-URI</a>.  Dereferencing this URI yields a service description that provides further information to enable a client to determine a <a class="internalDFN">provenance-URI</a> or retrieve <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a> for a <a class="internalDFN">resource</a>; see <a href="#provenance-services" class="sectionRef"></a> for more details.
-            </p>
-            <p>
-            There may be multiple <code>provenance-service</code> link header fields, and these may appear in an HTTP response together with <code>provenance</code> link header fields (though, in simple cases, we anticipate that <code>provenance</code> and <code>provenance-service</code> link relations will not be used together).
+          <p>
+            The resource provider may indicate that provenance information about the resource is provided by a <a class="internalDFN">provenance service</a>. This is done through the use of a <code>hasProvenanceService</code> link relation type following the same pattern as above:
           </p>
+          <pre class="pattern">
+Link: <cite>provenance-service-URI</cite>; rel="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hasProvenanceService"; anchor="<cite>target-URI</cite>"</pre>
+          <p>
+            The <code>hasProvenanceService</code> link identifies the <a class="internalDFN">service-URI</a>.  Dereferencing this URI yields a service description that provides further information to enable a client to determine a <a class="internalDFN">provenance-URI</a> or retrieve <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a> for a <a class="internalDFN">resource</a>; see <a href="#provenance-services" class="sectionRef"></a> for more details.
+          </p>
+          <p>
+          There may be multiple <code>hasProvenanceService</code> link header fields, and these may appear in an HTTP response together with <code>hasProvenance</code> link header fields (though, in simple cases, we anticipate that <code>hasProvenance</code> and <code>hasProvenanceService</code> link relations will not be used together).
+        </p>
+        </section>
+
+        <section>
+          <h2>Content negotiation, redirection and Link: headers</h2>
+          <p>
+            When performing content negotiation for a resource, it is common for HTTP 302 or 303 redirect response codes to be used to direct a client to an appropriately-formatted resource.  When accessing a resource for which provenance information is available, link headers SHOULD be included with the response to the final redirected request, and not on the intermediate 303 responses.  (When accessing a resource from a browser using Javascript, the intermediate 303 responses are usually handled transparently by the browser and are not visible to the HTTP client code.) 
+          </p>
+          <p>
+            Following content negotiation, any link to provenance information returned refers to the resource whose URI is used in the corresponding HTTP request, or the given anchor parameter if that is different. (The provenance information itself may also refer to other resources; see the discussion at the start of <a href="#locating-provenance-information" class="sectionRef"></a>.)
+          </p>
+          <p>
+            An example transaction using content negotiation and redirection might look like this (where <code>C:</code> and <code>S:</code> prefixes indicate client and server emitted data respectively):
+          </p>
+          <pre class="pattern">
+  C: GET /resource/
+  C: Host: http://example.com/
+  C: Accept: text/html
+
+  S: 302 Found
+  S: Location: /resource/content.html
+  S: Vary: Accept
+  S:
+  S: HTML content for http://example.com/resource/ 
+  S: is available at http://example.com/resource/content.html
+
+  C: GET /resource/content.rdf
+  C: Host: http://example.com/
+  C: Accept: text/html
+
+  S: 200 OK
+  S: Content-type: text/html
+  S: Vary: Accept
+  S: Link: &lt;http://example.com/resource/provenance/&gt;; 
+           rel="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hasProvenance"; 
+           anchor="http://example.com/resource/"
+  S:
+  S: &lt;html ...&gt;
+  S:  :
+  S: &lt;/html&gt;</pre>
         </section>
 
       </section>
 
       <section>
         <h2>Resource represented as HTML</h2>
-        <p class="TODO">
-          @@TODO: Use URIs for link relations (?)
-        </p>
         <div>
           For a document presented as HTML or XHTML, without regard for how it has been obtained, provenance information may be associated with a resource by adding a <code>&lt;link&gt;</code> element to the HTML <code>&lt;head&gt;</code> section.
-          Two new link relation types for referencing provenance information are registered according to the template in <a href="#iana-considerations" class="sectionRef"></a>, and may be used as shown:
+          Two link relation types for referencing provenance information may be used as shown:
           <pre class="pattern">
   &lt;html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"&gt;
      &lt;head&gt;
-        &lt;link rel="provenance" href="<cite>provenance-URI</cite>"&gt;
-        &lt;link rel="anchor" href="<cite>target-URI</cite>"&gt;
+        &lt;link rel="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hasProvenance" href="<cite>provenance-URI</cite>"&gt;
+        &lt;link rel="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hasAnchor" href="<cite>target-URI</cite>"&gt;
         &lt;title&gt;Welcome to example.com&lt;/title&gt;
      &lt;/head&gt;
      &lt;body&gt;
@@ -427,21 +462,16 @@
   &lt;/html&gt;</pre>
    </div>
         <p>
-          The <code><cite>provenance-URI</cite></code> given by the <code>provenance</code> link element identifies the provenance-URI for the document.
-        </p>
-        <p>
-          The <code><cite>target-URI</cite></code> given by the <code>anchor</code> link element specifies an identifier for the document that may be used within the provenance information when referring to the document.
+          The <code><cite>provenance-URI</cite></code> given by the <code>hasProvenance</code> link element identifies the provenance-URI for the document.
         </p>
         <p>
-          An HTML document header MAY include multiple <code>provenance</code> link elements, indicating a number of different provenance sources that are known to the creator of the document, each of which may provide provenance information about the document. 
+          The <code><cite>target-URI</cite></code> given by the <code>hasAnchor</code> link element specifies an identifier for the document that may be used within the provenance information when referring to the document.
         </p>
-<!--
         <p>
-          Likewise, the header MAY include multiple "anchor" link elements indicating that, e.g., different revisions of the document can be identified in the provenance information using the different  <code><cite>resource-URIs</cite></code>.
+          An HTML document header MAY include multiple <code>hasProvenance</code> link elements, indicating a number of different provenance sources that are known to the creator of the document, each of which may provide provenance information about the document. 
         </p>
--->
         <p>
-          If no "anchor" link element is provided then the <code><cite>target-URI</cite></code> is assumed to be the URI of the document. It is RECOMMENDED that this convention be used only when the document is static and has a stable URI that is reasonably expected to be available to anyone accessing the document (e.g. when delivered from a web server, or as part of a MIME structure containing content identifiers [[RFC2392]]).
+          If no <code>hasAnchor</code> link element is provided then the <code><cite>target-URI</cite></code> is assumed to be the URI of the document. It is RECOMMENDED that this convention be used only when the document is static and has a stable URI that is reasonably expected to be available to anyone accessing the document (e.g. when delivered from a web server, or as part of a MIME structure containing content identifiers [[RFC2392]]).
         </p>
 
         <section>
@@ -452,8 +482,8 @@
             <pre class="pattern">
   &lt;html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"&gt;
      &lt;head&gt;
-        &lt;link rel="provenance-service" href="<cite>service-URI</cite>"&gt;
-        &lt;link rel="anchor" href="<cite>target-URI</cite>"&gt;
+        &lt;link rel="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hasProvenanceService" href="<cite>service-URI</cite>"&gt;
+        &lt;link rel="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hasAnchor" href="<cite>target-URI</cite>"&gt;
         &lt;title&gt;Welcome to example.com&lt;/title&gt;
      &lt;/head&gt;
      &lt;body&gt;
@@ -461,10 +491,10 @@
      &lt;/body&gt;
   &lt;/html&gt;</pre>
           <p>
-            The <code>provenance-service</code> link element identifies the <a class="internalDFN">service-URI</a>.  Dereferencing this URI yields a service description that provides further information to enable a client to access <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a> for a <a class="internalDFN">resource</a>; see <a href="#provenance-services" class="sectionRef"></a> for more details.
+            The <code>hasProvenanceService</code> link element identifies the <a class="internalDFN">service-URI</a>.  Dereferencing this URI yields a service description that provides further information to enable a client to access <a class="internalDFN">provenance information</a> for a <a class="internalDFN">resource</a>; see <a href="#provenance-services" class="sectionRef"></a> for more details.
           </p>
           <p>
-            There MAY be multiple <code>provenance-service</code> link elements, and these MAY appear in the same document as <code>provenance</code> link elements (though, in simple cases, we anticipate that <code>provenance</code> and <code>provenance-service</code> link relations would not be used together).
+            There MAY be multiple <code>hasProvenanceService</code> link elements, and these MAY appear in the same document as <code>provenance</code> link elements (though, in simple cases, we anticipate that <code>hasProvenance</code> and <code>hasProvenanceService</code> link relations would not be used together).
           </p>
         </section>
       </section>
@@ -472,18 +502,18 @@
       <section>
         <h2>Resource represented as RDF</h2>
         <p>
-          If a resource is represented as RDF (in any of its recognized syntaxes, including RDFa), it may contain references to its own provenance using additional RDF statements.  For this purpose three new RDF properties, <code>prov:hasProvenance</code>, <code>prov:hasAnchor</code>, and <code>prov:hasProvenanceService</code>, are defined as follows.
-          (These terms may be used to indicate provenance of other resources too, but discussion of such usage is beyond the scope of this section.)
+          If a resource is represented as RDF (in any of its recognized syntaxes, including RDFa), it may contain references to its own provenance using additional RDF statements.  For this purpose the link relations introduced above may be used as RDF properties: <code>prov:hasProvenance</code>, <code>prov:hasAnchor</code>, and <code>prov:hasProvenanceService</code>.
+          (These terms may be used to indicate provenance of arbitrary other resources too, but discussion of such usage is beyond the scope of this section.)
         </p>
         <p>
-          The RDF property <code>prov:hasProvenance</code> is defined as a relation between two resources, where the object of the property is a resource that provides provenance information about the subject resource.  Multiple <code>prov:hasProvenance</code> assertions may be made about a subject resource.  This property corresponds to a <a href="#registration-template-for-link-relation---provenance">provenance link relation</a> used with an HTTP <code>Link</code> header field, or HTML <code>&lt;link&gt;</code> element.
+          The RDF property <code>prov:hasProvenance</code> is a relation between two resources, where the object of the property is a resource that provides provenance information about the subject resource.  Multiple <code>prov:hasProvenance</code> assertions may be made about a subject resource.  This property corresponds to a <code>hasProvenance</code> e link relation</a> used with an HTTP <code>Link</code> header field, or HTML <code>&lt;link&gt;</code> element (see above).
         </p>
         <p>
-          Property <code>prov:hasAnchor</code> specifies a <a class="internalDFN">target-URI</a> used in the provenance information to refer to the containing RDF document.
-          This corresponds to use of the <code>anchor</code> parameter in an HTTP provenance <code>Link</code> header field, or an <a href="#registration-template-for-link-relation---anchor">anchor link relation</a> in an HTML <code>&lt;link&gt;</code> element, which similarly indicate a URI used by the provenance information to refer to the described document.
+          Property <code>prov:hasAnchor</code> specifies a <a class="internalDFN">target-URI</a> used in the indicated provenance information to refer to the containing RDF document.
+          This corresponds to use of the <code>anchor</code> parameter in an HTTP provenance <code>Link</code> header field, or a <code>hasAnchor</code> link relation</a> in an HTML <code>&lt;link&gt;</code> element, which similarly indicate a URI used by the provenance information to refer to the described document.
         </p>
         <p>
-          Property <code>prov:hasProvenanceService</code> specifies a <a class="internalDFN">service-URI</a> associated with the RDF document for possible access to provenance information.  This property corresponds to a <a href="#registration-template-for-link-relation---provenance-service">provenance-service link relation</a> used with an HTTP <code>Link</code> header field, or HTML <code>&lt;link&gt;</code> element.
+          Property <code>prov:hasProvenanceService</code> specifies a <a class="internalDFN">service-URI</a> associated with the RDF document for possible access to provenance information.  This property corresponds to a <code>hasProvenanceService</code> link relation used with an HTTP <code>Link</code> header field, or HTML <code>&lt;link&gt;</code> element.
         </p>
         <pre class="example code">
     @prefix prov: &lt;http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#&gt;
@@ -556,15 +586,13 @@
           The RDF service description example below in <a href="#provenance-service-description" class="sectionRef"></a> shows this use.
         </p>
         <p class="TODO">
-          @@TODO: sync up term definitions with provenance ontology specification.
+          @@TODO: rework the above to take account of hasProvenanceService links
         </p>
       </section>
 
       <!-- <section class="informative"> -->
       <section>
         <h2>Provenance service description</h2>
-        <!--<p>The provenance service interface as described above violates REST constraints by requiring the client to know about the structure of URIs offered by the service (see [[REST-APIs]], 4th bullet point).  The provenance service description mitigates this coupling by providing a mechanism for discovering the URI format to be used, starting with just the service URI.
-        %</p> -->
         <p>Dereferencing a provenance service URI should yield a provenance service description. This is to be compatible with the constraints of [[REST-APIs]]. The provenance service description should be available as RDF (in any of its common serializations, and determined through HTTP content negotiation), and it should contain RDF statements of the form:
         </p>
         <pre class="pattern">
@@ -572,13 +600,10 @@
     prov:provenanceUriTemplate "<cite>service-URI</cite>?target={+uri}" .</pre>
         <p>where <cite><code>service-URI</code></cite> is the URI of the provenance service.  Note that the object of the <code>prov:provenanceUriTemplate</code> statement is a literal text value, not a URI.
         </p>
-        <p>A client may retrieve this service description and extract the associated value for <code>prov:provenance-URI-template</code>.  This value is a string containing a URI template [[URI-template]] (level 2). A URI for the desired provenance information is obtained by expanding the URI template with the variable <code>uri</code> set to the resource-URI for which provenance is required.  If the target-URI contains '#' or '&amp;' these  must be %-escaped as <code>%23</code> or <code>%26</code> respectively before template expansion.
+        <p>A client may retrieve this service description and extract the associated value for <code>prov:provenance-URI-template</code>.  This value is a string containing a URI template [[URI-template]] (level 2). A URI for the desired provenance information is obtained by expanding the URI template with the variable <code>uri</code> set to the resource-URI for which provenance is required.  If the target-URI contains '#' or '&amp;' these  must be %-escaped as <code>%23</code> or <code>%26</code> respectively before template expansion [[RFC3986]].
         </p>
         <p>While use of RDF for service descriptions is a recommended option, this specification does not preclude the use of non-RDF formats that a service may choose to offer, and which can be selected using HTTP content negotiation.
         </p>
-        <p class="TODO">
-          @@TODO: sync up term definitions with provenance ontology specification.
-        </p>
       </section>
 
     </section>
@@ -588,6 +613,10 @@
     <section>
     <h2>Best practice</h2> 
 
+      <p class="TODO">
+        @@TODO: rtemove this section; cover in FAQ
+      </p>
+
       <section id="querying-provenance-information">
         <h2>Using SPARQL for provenance queries</h2>
         <p>
@@ -604,7 +633,7 @@
         </p>
         <p>
           The details of a provenance query service is an implementation choice, but for interoperability between different providers and users we recommend use of SPARQL [[RDF-SPARQL-PROTOCOL]] [[RDF-SPARQL-QUERY]].
-          The query service URI would then be the URI of a <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-protocol/#conformant-sparql-protocol-service">SPARQL protocol service</a> 
+          The query service URI would then be the URI of a <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-protocol/#conformant-sparql-protocol-service" class="externalRef">SPARQL protocol service</a> 
 (often referred to as a "SPARQL endpoint").
             The following subsections provide examples for what are considered to be some plausible common scenarios for using SPARQL, and are not intended to cover all possibilities.
         </p>
@@ -701,94 +730,6 @@
 <!-- ==== Section 6 ===================================================================================== -->
 
     <section>
-      <h2>IANA considerations</h2>
-      <p>This document requests registration of new link relations, per <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5988#section-6.2.1">section-6.2.1 of RFC 5988</a>.
-      </p>
-      <p class="TODO">
-          @@TODO The following templates should be completed and submitted to link-relations@ietf.org, or this section removed if URIs are used for link relations in §3:  Use some material for  table of UREIs introduced.
-      </p>
-      <section>
-        <h2>Registration template for link relation: "provenance"</h2>
-          <dl>
-            <dt>Relation Name:</dt>
-            <dd>
-              <code>provenance</code>
-            </dd>
-            <dt>Description:</dt>
-            <dd>
-              the resource identified by target IRI of the link provides provenance information about the resource identified by the context link
-            </dd>
-            <dt>Reference:</dt>
-            <dd>
-              @@this spec, @@provenance-model-spec
-            </dd>
-            <dt>Notes:</dt>
-            <dd>
-              ...
-            </dd>
-            <dt>Application Data:</dt>
-            <dd>
-              ...
-            </dd>
-          </dl>
-       
-      </section>
-      <section>
-        <h2>Registration template for link relation: "anchor"</h2>
-          <dl>
-            <dt>Relation Name:</dt>
-            <dd>
-              <code>anchor</code>
-            </dd>
-            <dt>Description:</dt>
-            <dd>
-              when used in conjunction with a "provenance" link, the resource identified by target IRI of the link is one for which provenance information may be provided.  This may be used, for example, to isolate relevant information from a referenced document that contains provenance information for several entities.
-            </dd>
-            <dt>Reference:</dt>
-            <dd>
-              @@this spec, @@provenance-model-spec
-            </dd>
-            <dt>Notes:</dt>
-            <dd>
-              ...
-            </dd>
-            <dt>Application Data:</dt>
-            <dd>
-              ...
-            </dd>
-          </dl>
-      </section>
-      <section>
-        <h2>Registration template for link relation: "provenance-service"</h2>
-          <dl>
-            <dt>Relation Name:</dt>
-            <dd>
-              <code>provenance-service</code>
-            </dd>
-            <dt>Description:</dt>
-            <dd>
-              the resource identified by target URI of the link is an provenance service per <a href="#provenance-services" class="sectionRef"></a> of this specification.
-            </dd>
-            <dt>Reference:</dt>
-            <dd>
-              @@this spec, @@provenance-model-spec
-            </dd>
-            <dt>Notes:</dt>
-            <dd>
-              ...
-            </dd>
-            <dt>Application Data:</dt>
-            <dd>
-              ...
-            </dd>
-          </dl>
-     
-      </section>
-    </section>
- 
-<!-- ==== Section 7 ===================================================================================== -->
-
-    <section>
       <h2>Security considerations</h2>
       <p>
         Provenance is central to establishing trust in data. If provenance information is corrupted, it may lead agents (human or software) to draw inappropriate and possibly harmful conclusions.  Therefore, care is needed to ensure that the integrity of provenance information is maintained.  Just as provenance information can help determine a level of trust in some information, provenance information related to the provenance itself ("provenance of provenance") can help determine trust in the provenance itself.
@@ -804,8 +745,6 @@
       </p>
       <p>Provenance information may be used by audits to establish accountability for information use [[INFO-ACC]] and to verify use of proper processes in information processing activities.  Thus, provenance management systems can provide mechanisms to support auditing and enforcement of information handling policies. In such cases, provenance information itself may be a valuable target for attack by malicious agents, and care must be taken to ensure it is stored securely and in a fashion that resists attempts to tamper with it.
       </p>
-
-
     </section>
  
 <!-- ===================================================================================== -->
@@ -816,7 +755,7 @@
         The editors acknowledge the contribution and review from members of the W3C Provenance working group for their feedback throughout the development of this specification.
       </p>
       <p>
-        Thanks to Robin Berjon for making our lives easier with his <a href="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/documentation.html">ReSpec</a> tool.
+        Thanks to Robin Berjon for making our lives easier with his <a href="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/documentation.html" class="externalRef">ReSpec</a> tool.
       </p>
     </section>
 
@@ -824,149 +763,44 @@
     
     <section class='appendix'>
       <h2>Names added to prov: namespace</h2>
-      <p class="TODO">
-          @@TODO Create table of URIs introduced, and what they mean.  Use some material from IOANA considerations.  Consider separate tables for classes and properties.
-      </p>
 
       <p>
-        This specification defines the following additional names in the provenance namespace.
-      </p>
-      
-      <p>
-        The provenance namespace URI is http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#.
+        This specification defines the following additional names in the provenance namespace
+        with URI <a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#" class="externalRef">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</a>.
       </p>
         <table>
           <tr>
-            <th>name</th><th>Description</th><th>Definition ref</th>
-          </tr>
-          <tr>
-            <td>ProvenanceService</td><td>Class for a service described by a provenance service description</td><td>...</td>
+            <th>Name</th><th>Description</th><th>Definition ref</th>
           </tr>
           <tr>
-            <td>hasAnchor</td><td>Indicates anchor URI for a potentially dynamic resource instance</td><td>...</td>
+            <td>ProvenanceService</td>
+            <td>Class for a provenance service. Mainly for use in RDF provenance service descriptions, to facilitate discover..</td>
+            <td><a href="#provenance-service-description" class="sectionRef"></a></td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
-            <td>hasProvenance</td><td>Relates a resource to its provenance</td><td>...</td>
+            <td>hasAnchor</td>
+            <td>Indicates a <a class="internalDFN">target-URI</a>target-URI for a potentially dynamic resource instance</td>
+            <td><a href="#resource-represented-as-html" class="sectionRef"></a></td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
-            <td>hasProvenanceService</td><td>Relates a resource to a provenance service</td><td>...</td>
+            <td>hasProvenance</td>
+            <td>Indicates a <a class="internalDFN">provenance-URI</a> for a resource;  the resource identified by this property provides provenance information about its subject or anchor resource.
+            </td>
+            <td><a href="#resource-accessed-by-http" class="sectionRef"></a>, <a href="#resource-represented-as-html" class="sectionRef"></a></td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
-            <td>provenanceUriTemplate</td><td>Relates a provenance service to a URI template string for constructing provenance-URIs</td><td>...</td>
+            <td>hasProvenanceService</td>
+            <td>Indicates a <a class="internalDFN">provenance service</a> that can provide provenance information about its sibject or anchowresource.</td>
+            <td><a href="#specifying-provenance-services" class="sectionRef"></a></td>
+          </tr>
+          <tr>
+            <td>provenanceUriTemplate</td>
+            <td>Relates a provenance service to a URI template string for constructing provenance-URIs</td>
+            <td><a href="#provenance-service-description" class="sectionRef"></a></td>
           </tr>
         </table>
     </section>
 
-
-<!-- ===================================================================================== -->
-
-    <!-- 
-<section class='appendix'>
-      <h2>Provenance service format examples</h2>
-      <p>
-        In <a href="#provenance-services" class="sectionRef"></a>, the provenance service description was represented as a JSON-formatted document.  As noted, HTTP content negotiation MAY be enabled to retrieve the document in alternative formats.  This appendix provides examples of service description document represented using RDF Turtle and XML syntaxes, and XML. 
-      </p>
-
-      <section>
-        <h2>RDF Turtle example of service description</h2>
-        <p>
-          This example uses the RDF Turtle format [[TURTLE]], presented as MIME content-type <code>text/turtle</code>.
-        </p>
-        <pre class="example code">
-  @prefix provds: &lt;@@TBD@@#&gt; .
-  @prefix prov: &lt;http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o/&gt; .
-  
-  &lt;http://example.org/provenance_service/&gt; a prov:ProvenanceService ;
-    provds:provenance_locations_template       "http://example.org/provenance_service/locations/?uri={uri}" ;
-    provds:provenance_content_template     "http://example.org/provenance_service/provenance/?uri={uri}"
-    .
-        </pre>
-        <p class="note">
-          The provenance URI templates are encoded in RDF as plain string literals, <em>not</em> as resource URIs.
-        </p>
-        <p class="TODO">
-          Finalize URIs in the above example.
-        </p>
-      </section>
-
-      <section>
-        <h2>RDF/XML example of service description</h2>
-        <p>This is essentially the same as the Turtle example above, but encoded in RDF/XML [[RDF-SYNTAX-GRAMMAR]], and presented as MIME content-type <code>application/xml+rdf</code>.</p>
-        <pre class="example code">
-  &lt;rdf:RDF
-    xmlns:rdf    = "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
-    xmlns:rdfs   = "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
-    xmlns:provds = "@@TBD@@#"
-    xmlns:prov   = "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o/"
-  &gt;
-    &lt;prov:ProvenanceService rdf:about="http://example.org/provenance_service/"&gt;
-     example.org &lt;provds:provenance_locations_template&gt;http://example.org/provenance_service/locations/?uri={uri}&lt;/provds:location_template&gt; ;
-      &lt;provds:provenance_content_template&gt;http://example.org/provenance_service/provenance/?uri={uri}&lt;/provds:provenance_template&gt; ;
-    &lt;/prov:ProvenanceService&gt;
-  &lt;/rdf:RDF&gt;
-        </pre>
-        <p class="TODO">
-          Finalize URIs in the above example.
-        </p>
-      </section>
-
-      <section>
-        <h2>Plain XML example of service description</h2>
-        <p class="TODO">
-          @@TODO: provide example and schema
-        </p>
-      </section>
-
-      <section>
-        <h2>RDF Turtle example of provenance locations</h2>
-        <p>
-          This example uses the RDF Turtle format [[TURTLE]], presented as MIME content type <code>text/turtle</code>.
-        </p>
-        <pre class="example code">
-  @prefix prov: &lt;@@TBD@@#&gt; .
-  &lt;http://example.org/qdata/&gt; a prov:Entity ;
-    prov:hasProvenance  &lt;http://source1.example.org/provenance/qdata/&gt; ;
-    prov:hasProvenance  &lt;http://source2.example.org/prov/qdata/&gt; ;
-    prov:hasProvenance  &lt;http://source3.example.com/prov?id=qdata&gt;
-    .
-        </pre>
-        <p class="issue">
-          NOTE: The namespace URI used here for the provenance properties is different from that used in the service description.  I am anticipating that it will be defined as part of the provenance model.  If it is not defined as part of the provenance model, then a property name should be allocated in the provenance discovery service namespace.
-        </p>
-        <p class="TODO">@@TODO: revise to conform with Provenance Model vocabulary; review URIs</p>
-      </section>
-
-      <section>
-        <h2>RDF/XML example of provenance locations</h2>
-        <p>
-          This is essentially the same as the Turtle example above, but encoded in RDF/XML [[RDF-SYNTAX-GRAMMAR]], and presented with MIME content type <code>application/rdf+xml</code>.
-        </p>
-        <pre class="example code">
-  &lt;rdf:RDF
-    xmlns:rdf    = "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
-    xmlns:rdfs   = "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
-    xmlns:prov   = "@@TBD@@#"
-  &gt;
-    &lt;prov:Entity rdf:about="http://example.org/qdata/"&gt;
-      &lt;prov:hasProvenance  rdf:resource="http://source1.example.org/provenance/qdata/" /&gt; ;
-      &lt;prov:hasProvenance  rdf:resource="http://source2.example.org/prov/qdata/" /&gt; ;
-      &lt;prov:hasProvenance  rdf:resource="http://source3.example.com/prov?id=qdata" /&gt; ;
-    &lt;/prov:Entity&gt;
-  &lt;/rdf:RDF&gt;
-        </pre>
-        <p class="TODO">@@TODO: revise to conform with Provenance Model vocabulary</p>
-      </section>
-
-      <section>
-        <h2>Plain XML example of provenance locations</h2>
-        <p class="TODO">
-          @@TODO: provide example and schema
-        </p>
-      </section>
-
-    </section>
- -->
-
 <!-- ===================================================================================== -->
 
   </body>
--- a/reports/prov-implementations.html	Mon Nov 19 16:15:37 2012 +0000
+++ b/reports/prov-implementations.html	Mon Nov 19 16:16:15 2012 +0000
@@ -2,29 +2,12 @@
 
 <html><head> 
     <title>PROV Implementation Report</title> 
-    <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
+    <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
+    <script src="../model/provbib.js" class="remove"></script>
     <script class="remove"> 
-      var addExtraReferences = function() {
-          for (var k in extraReferences)
-              berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
-      };
-      var extraReferences = {
-		  "PROV-DM":
-			"Luc Moreau, Paolo Missier"+
-			"<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>The PROV Data Model and Abstract Syntax Notation</cite></a>. "+
-			"2012, Working Draft. "+
-			"URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
-	 
-		  "PROV-CONSTRAINTS":
-			"James Cheney, Paolo Missier, and Luc Moreau (eds.) "+
-			"<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/\"><cite>Constraints of the PROV Data Model</cite></a>. "+
-			"2012, Working Draft. "+
-			"URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/</a>",
-
-		  };
       var respecConfig = {
           // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
-          specStatus:           "ED",
+          specStatus:           "NOTE",
           
           // the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
           shortName:            "prov-implementations",
@@ -87,8 +70,8 @@
           // Team Contact.
           wgPatentURI:  "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
 
-          // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
-          preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
+          // Add PROV references to bibliography database
+          preProcess: [addProvReferences],
       };
     </script> 
 <link href="reports.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
@@ -125,25 +108,29 @@
         <tr>
           <th scope="row">ProvPy</th>
           <td>Framework / API</td>
-          <td>PROV-N, PROV-JSON</td>
+          <td>PROV-N, Other</td>
           <td><a href="https://github.com/trungdong/w3-prov">https://github.com/trungdong/w3-prov</a></td>
-          <td>&nbsp;</td>
+          <td>Other encodings supported: PROV-JSON</td>
         </tr>
         <tr>
           <th scope="row">ProvToolbox</th>
           <td>Application</td>
-          <td>PROV-N, PROV-RDF, PROV-XML, PROV-JSON</td>
+          <td>PROV-N, PROV-RDF, PROV-XML, Other</td>
           <td><a href="https://github.com/lucmoreau/ProvToolbox">https://github.com/lucmoreau/ProvToolbox</a></td>
-          <td>&nbsp;</td>
+          <td>Other encodings supported: PROV-JSON</td>
         </tr>
       </table>
 
     </section>
 
   <section id="prov-terms">
-    <h2>PROV Language Implementation</h2>
+    <h2>PROV Language Implementation</h2>
+    <p>This section enumerates the PROV-DM terms [[PROV-DM]] that are consumed (<img src="consume.png" width="27" height="16" alt="Consume Icon" />),
+    produced (<img src="produce.png" width="27" height="16" alt="Produce Icon" />),
+    or both consumed and produced (<img src="conprod.png" width="27" height="16" alt="Consume and Produce Icon" />)
+    by a particular implementation.</p>
     <table class="feature-table">
-      <caption id="prov-terms-table">Table 2: Coverage of PROV-DM [[PROV-DM]] terms in implementations of type Application, Framework / API, or Service.</caption>
+      <caption id="prov-terms-table">Table 2: Coverage of PROV-DM terms in implementations of type Application, Framework / API, or Service.</caption>
       <tr>
         <th scope="col">PROV Component</th>
         <th scope="col">Term</th>
--- a/testcases/constraints/process.html	Mon Nov 19 16:15:37 2012 +0000
+++ b/testcases/constraints/process.html	Mon Nov 19 16:16:15 2012 +0000
@@ -7,50 +7,13 @@
 
     <title>PROV-CONSTRAINTS Test Cases</title>
     <script src="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/js/respec.js" class="remove"></script>
-
-    <script class="remove"> 
-
-      var addExtraReferences = function() {
-
-          for (var k in extraReferences)
-
-              berjon.biblio[k] = extraReferences[k];
-
-      };
-
-      var extraReferences = {
-
-		  "PROV-DM":
-
-			"Luc Moreau, Paolo Missier"+
-
-			"<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>The PROV Data Model and Abstract Syntax Notation</cite></a>. "+
-
-			"2012, Working Draft. "+
-
-			"URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
-
-	 
-
-		  "PROV-CONSTRAINTS":
-
-			"James Cheney, Paolo Missier, and Luc Moreau (eds.) "+
-
-			"<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/\"><cite>Constraints of the PROV Data Model</cite></a>. "+
-
-			"2012, Working Draft. "+
-
-			"URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/</a>",
-
-
-
-		  };
-
+    <script src="../../model/provbib.js" class="remove"></script>    
+    <script type="text/javascript" >
       var respecConfig = {
 
           // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
 
-          specStatus:           "ED",
+          specStatus:           "NOTE",
 
           
 
@@ -178,7 +141,7 @@
 
           // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
 
-          preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
+          preProcess: [addProvReferences],
 
       };
 
@@ -209,12 +172,15 @@
 <h3>Test cases</h3>
 
 <p>The test cases will be made available  online at: &lt;URI&gt;<br />
+  Every test case has an identifier, e.g. <strong>association2-c24-c55-FAIL-c52</strong>.
+  In order to facilitate the testing process, we include the numberings of the constraints covered by
+  each test case its identifier, e.g. <b>c24</b>, <b>c55</b>, and <b>c52</b>. In addition, the identifier
+  also indicates whether the test case should be successfully validated (i.e. <b>PASS</b>) or not (i.e. <b>FAIL</b>).
+  In case of the latter, the constraint numberings that follow <b>FAIL</b> are those of the constraints we expect to
+  cause the test case to fail validation. 
+</p>
 
-  Every test case has an identifier, e.g. <strong>entity10-c23-c56-c57</strong>.
-  The numberings of the constraints covered by a test case are included with its identifier, e.g. c23, c56, and c57. 
-  The provenance document for each test case will be provided in the following representations:</p>
-
-
+<p>The provenance document for each test case will be provided in the following representations:</p>
 
 <table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="623">
 
@@ -236,7 +202,7 @@
 
     <td><p><strong>PROV-XML</strong></p></td>
 
-    <td><p>.xml</p></td>
+    <td><p>.provx</p></td>
 
     <td><p><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/xml/prov-xml.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/xml/prov-xml.html</a></p></td>
 
@@ -276,9 +242,9 @@
 
 
 
-<p>For example, the files <strong>entity10-c23-c56-c57.xml</strong>, <strong>entity10-c23-c56-c57.trig</strong>,
-<strong>entity10-c23-c56-c57.json</strong>, and <strong>entity10-c23-c56-c57.provn</strong> for the test case
-<strong>entity10-c23-c56-c57</strong> can be found at &lt;URI&gt;.</p>
+<p>For example, the available files for the test case <strong>association2-c24-c55-FAIL-c52</strong> are: <strong>association2-c24-c55-FAIL-c52.xml</strong>,
+<strong>association2-c24-c55-FAIL-c52.trig</strong>, <strong>association2-c24-c55-FAIL-c52.json</strong>, and <strong>association2-c24-c55-FAIL-c52.provn</strong>.
+They can all be found at &lt;URI&gt;.</p>
 
 
 
@@ -322,7 +288,7 @@
 
 
 
-<p>All test cases need to be checked for the  constraints they cover and their expected validation results (i.e. Success or  Fail).</p>
+<p>All test cases need to be checked for the  constraints they cover and their expected validation results (i.e. Pass or  Fail).</p>
 
 
 
@@ -347,14 +313,14 @@
 
   <tr>
 
-    <td><b>activity1-c23-c56-c57</b></p></td>
+    <td><b>activity1-PASS-c23-c56-c57</b></p></td>
 
     <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/#key-object_text">Constraint 23 (key-object)</a> <br />
         <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/#impossible-object-property-overlap_text">Constraint 56 (impossible-object-property-overlap)</a><br />
         <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/#entity-activity-disjoint_text">Constraint 57 (entity-activity-disjoint)</a>
     </td>
 
-    <td>Success</p></td>
+    <td>Pass</p></td>
 
     <td>&nbsp;</td>
 
@@ -362,14 +328,14 @@
 
   <tr>
 
-    <td><b>activity2-c23-c56-c57</b></p></td>
+    <td><b>activity2-PASS-c23-c56-c57</b></p></td>
 
     <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/#key-object_text">Constraint 23 (key-object)</a> <br />
         <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/#impossible-object-property-overlap_text">Constraint 56 (impossible-object-property-overlap)</a><br />
         <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/#entity-activity-disjoint_text">Constraint 57 (entity-activity-disjoint)</a>
     </td>
 
-    <td>Success</p></td>
+    <td>Pass</p></td>
 
     <td>&nbsp;</td>
 
@@ -377,7 +343,7 @@
 
   <tr>
 
-    <td><b>association1-c24-c52</b></p></td>
+    <td><b>association1-c24-FAIL-c52</b></p></td>
 
     <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/#key-properties_text">Constraint 24 (key-properties)</a><br />
         <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/#typing_text"><b>Constraint 52 (typing)</b></a>
@@ -391,7 +357,7 @@
 
   <tr>
 
-    <td><b>association2-c24-c52</b></p></td>
+    <td><b>association2-c24-c55-FAIL-c52</b></p></td>
 
     <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/#key-properties_text">Constraint 24 (key-properties)</a><br />
         <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/#typing_text"><b>Constraint 52 (typing)</b></a>
@@ -405,7 +371,7 @@
 
   <tr>
 
-    <td><b>delegation1-c24-c52-c55</b></p></td>
+    <td><b>delegation1-c24-c55-FAIL-c52</b></p></td>
 
     <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/#key-properties_text">Constraint 24 (key-properties)</a><br />
         <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/#typing_text"><b>Constraint 52 (typing)</b></a><br />
@@ -420,7 +386,7 @@
 
   <tr>
 
-    <td><b>delegation2-c24-c52-c55</b></p></td>
+    <td><b>delegation2-c24-c55-FAIL-c52</b></p></td>
 
     <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/#key-properties_text">Constraint 24 (key-properties)</a><br />
         <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/#typing_text"><b>Constraint 52 (typing)</b></a><br />
--- a/xml/prov-xml.html	Mon Nov 19 16:15:37 2012 +0000
+++ b/xml/prov-xml.html	Mon Nov 19 16:16:15 2012 +0000
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
     <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" class="remove"></script>
     <script src="../model/glossary.js" class="remove"></script>
 
+    <script src="../model/provbib.js" class="remove"></script>
 
     <script>
     $(function() {
@@ -80,74 +81,12 @@
       };
       var extraReferences = {
         
-        "CLOCK":
-         "Lamport, L. "+
-         "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
-         "Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
-         "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
-         "DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
-        
-        "CSP":
-         "Hoare, C. A. R. "+
-         "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
-         "Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
-         "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
-        
-        "Logic":
-          "W. E. Johnson"+
-          "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
-          "1924. "+
-          "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
-        
-        "PROV-SEM":
-          "James Cheney "+
-          "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
-          "2011, Work in progress. "+
-          "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
-          
-        "PROV-PRIMER":
-          "Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
-          "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
-          "2012, Working Draft. "+
-          "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
-
-        "PROV-O":
-          "Timothy Lebo, Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, David Corsar, Daniel Garijo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
-          "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
-          "2012, Working Draft. "+
-          "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
-
-
-        "PROV-DM":
-          "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
-          "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
-          "2012, Working Draft. "+
-          "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
-
-
-        "PROV-CONSTRAINTS":
-          "James Cheney, Paolo Missier, and Luc Moreau (eds.) "+
-          "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/\"><cite>Constraints of the PROV Data Model</cite></a>. "+
-          "2012, Working Draft. "+
-          "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/</a>",
-
-        "PROV-N":
-          "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) James Cheney, Stian Soiland-Reyes "+
-          "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\"><cite>PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</cite></a>. "+
-          "2012, Working Draft. "+
-          "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a>",
-          
-        "PROV-AQ":
-          "Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
-          "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
-          "2012, Working Draft. "+
-          "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
-        
         "Mappings":
           "Satya Sahoo and Paul Groth and Olaf Hartig and Simon Miles and Sam Coppens and James Myers and Yolanda Gil and Luc Moreau and Jun Zhao and Michael Panzer and Daniel Garijo "+
           "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/prov/wiki/Provenance_Vocabulary_Mappings\"><cite>Provenance Vocabulary Mappings</cite></a>. "+
           "August 2010 "+
           "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/prov/wiki/Provenance_Vocabulary_Mappings\">http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/prov/wiki/Provenance_Vocabulary_Mappings</a>",
+        
       };
       var respecConfig = {
           // specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
@@ -224,7 +163,7 @@
           wgPatentURI:  "http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status",
 
           // Add extraReferences to bibliography database
-          preProcess: [addExtraReferences],
+          preProcess: [addExtraReferences, addProvReferences],
           
           // will we have a postProcess?
       };
@@ -317,6 +256,76 @@
 
 </section> <!-- end introduction -->
 
+<section id="schema-design">
+<h2>XML Schema Design</h2>
+
+<p>Several general design principles and patterns were used in the
+construction of the PROV XML Schema.
+</p>
+
+<h3><i>Salami Slice</i> Design Pattern</h3>
+
+<p>The general design pattern for the XML schema has been
+called <i>Salami Slice Design</i> (cite?).  With this design, the
+individual components are each defined at the top level as separate
+elements with distinct types.  This allows the types to be easily
+reusable for domain specific extensions.
+</p>
+
+<h3>Elements vs. Attributes</h3>
+
+<p>The general PROV-N syntax patterns for expressing provenance
+concepts are:
+</p>
+
+<pre class="codeexample">
+thing(id, elem1, elem2, ..., [attr1=val1, attr2=val2])
+concept(id; elem1, elem2, ... [attr1=val2, attr2=val2])
+</pre>
+
+<p>In both cases (required id or optional id), the PROV-N id is
+treated as an XML attribute, the PROV-N "elements" are treated as XML
+elements, always with the same required order (position) as the
+PROV-DM/PROV-N description, and optional PROV-N "attributes", if
+allowed, always follow and are also represented by XML elements.  As
+in PROV-N, the attributes can be specified multiple times, and in any
+order, as long as they are all at the end of the encompassing element.
+</p>
+
+<p>Wherever an "id" is referenced from a later concept, the id is
+referenced as a prov:ref attribute of the element within the concept.
+</p>
+
+<p>This transformation technique yields a general XML pattern:
+</p>
+
+<pre class="codeexample">
+&lt;prov:thing prov:id="id"&gt;
+  &lt;prov:elem1 /&gt;
+  &lt;prov:elem2 /&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;prov:attr1&gt;val1&lt;/prov:attr1&gt;
+  &lt;prov:attr2&gt;val2&lt;/prov:attr2&gt;
+  ...
+&lt;/prov:thing&gt;
+</pre>
+
+<p>Most of the concepts described below follow this general pattern.
+</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+<p>REVIEW QUESTION:</p>
+<p>Is this ordering of elements/attributes reasonable/satisfactory?</p>
+<p>Would it be better to loosen the ordering requirement allowing any mix
+of elements/attributes, or to tighten the ordering requirement,
+requiring all "prov:" namespace attributes to precede all non-"prov:"
+namespace attributes when expressed as XML elements?
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
 <!-- should we instead break the schema down into complex types and elements? -->
 <section id="schema-components">
 
@@ -2223,8 +2232,73 @@
 
 <section class="appendix"> 
       <h2>Acknowledgements</h2> 
+
+This document has been produced by the PROV Working Group, and its
+contents reflect extensive discussion within the Working Group as a
+whole. The editors extend special thanks to Luc Moreau (University of
+Southampton), Paul Groth (Vrije Universiteit) and James Cheney
+(University of Edinburgh) for their thorough reviews.
+
       <p> 
-        WG membership to be listed here.
+Members of the PROV Working Group at the time of publication of this document were:
+
+Ilkay Altintas (Invited expert),
+Reza B'Far (Oracle Corporation),
+Khalid Belhajjame (University of Manchester),
+James Cheney (University of Edinburgh, School of Informatics),
+Sam Coppens (IBBT),
+David Corsar (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science),
+Stephen Cresswell (The National Archives),
+Tom De Nies (IBBT),
+Helena Deus (DERI Galway at the National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland),
+Simon Dobson (Invited expert),
+Martin Doerr (Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas(FORTH)),
+Kai Eckert (Invited expert),
+Jean-Pierre EVAIN (European Broadcasting Union, EBU-UER),
+James Frew (Invited expert),
+Irini Fundulaki (Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas(FORTH)),
+Daniel Garijo (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid),
+Yolanda Gil (Invited expert),
+Ryan Golden (Oracle Corporation),
+Paul Groth (Vrije Universiteit),
+Olaf Hartig (Invited expert),
+David Hau (National Cancer Institute, NCI),
+Sandro Hawke (W3C/MIT),
+Jörn Hees (German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) Gmbh),
+Ivan Herman, (W3C/ERCIM),
+Ralph Hodgson (TopQuadrant),
+Hook Hua (Invited expert),
+Trung Dong Huynh (University of Southampton),
+Graham Klyne (University of Oxford),
+Michael Lang (Revelytix, Inc.),
+Timothy Lebo (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+James McCusker (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Deborah McGuinness (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Simon Miles (Invited expert),
+Paolo Missier (School of Computing Science, Newcastle university),
+Luc Moreau (University of Southampton),
+James Myers (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Vinh Nguyen (Wright State University),
+Edoardo Pignotti (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science),
+Paulo da Silva Pinheiro (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Carl Reed (Open Geospatial Consortium),
+Adam Retter (Invited Expert),
+Christine Runnegar (Invited expert),
+Satya Sahoo (Invited expert),
+David Schaengold (Revelytix, Inc.),
+Daniel Schutzer (FSTC, Financial Services Technology Consortium),
+Yogesh Simmhan (Invited expert),
+Stian Soiland-Reyes (University of Manchester),
+Eric Stephan (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory),
+Linda Stewart (The National Archives),
+Ed Summers (Library of Congress),
+Maria Theodoridou (Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas(FORTH)),
+Ted Thibodeau (OpenLink Software Inc.),
+Curt Tilmes (National Aeronautics and Space Administration),
+Craig Trim (IBM Corporation),
+Stephan Zednik (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Jun Zhao (University of Oxford),
+Yuting Zhao (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science).
       </p> 
     </section>
prov

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