--- a/links/diff.html Mon Mar 25 15:59:23 2013 +0000
+++ b/links/diff.html Mon Mar 25 16:03:00 2013 +0000
@@ -10,19 +10,7 @@
--></style>
<title>Linking Across Provenance Bundles</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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@@ -61,7 +49,7 @@
}
-</span></style><link rel="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#has_provenance" href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/provenance/prov-links">
+</style><link rel="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#has_provenance" href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/provenance/prov-links">
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<body><div class="head">
<p>
@@ -807,11 +756,11 @@
</p>
<h1 class="title" id="title">Linking Across Provenance Bundles</h1>
- <h2 id="w3c-working-draft-12-march-2013"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Working Draft <span class="delete">11 December 2012</span><span class="insert">12 March 2013</span></h2>
+ <h2 id="w3c-working-draft-12-march-2013"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Working Draft 12 March 2013</h2>
<dl>
<dt>This version:</dt>
- <dd><span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-links-20121211/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-links-20130312/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-links-20130312/</span></a></dd>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-links-20130312/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-links-20130312/</a></dd>
<dt>Latest published version:</dt>
<dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-links/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-links/</a></dd>
@@ -824,7 +773,7 @@
<dt>Previous version:</dt>
- <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-links-20121211/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-links-20121211/</span></a> <a href="diff.html"><span class="insert">(color-coded diff)</span></a></dd>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-links-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-links-20121211/</a> <a href="diff.html">(color-coded diff)</a></dd>
<dt>Editors:</dt>
@@ -840,12 +789,12 @@
<p class="copyright">
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> ©
- <span class="delete">2012</span><span class="insert">2012-2013</span>
+ 2012-2013
<a href="http://www.w3.org/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup>
(<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>,
<a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>,
- <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a><span class="insert">, </span><a href="http://ev.buaa.edu.cn/"><span class="insert">Beihang</span></a>), All Rights Reserved.
+ <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>, <a href="http://ev.buaa.edu.cn/">Beihang</a>), All Rights Reserved.
<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>,
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.
@@ -888,39 +837,24 @@
<h4 id="prov-family-of-documents">PROV Family of Documents</h4>
This document is part of the PROV family of documents, a set of documents defining various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
-interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. These documents <span class="delete">are:
-</span>
- <span class="delete">PROV-OVERVIEW</span><span class="delete"> (To be published as Note), an overview of the PROV family of documents</span><span class="insert">are listed below. Please consult the</span> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">PROV-OVERVIEW</a></cite><span class="insert">] for a guide to reading these documents.
-</span><ul>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-overview-20130312/"><span class="insert">PROV-OVERVIEW</span></a><span class="insert"> (To be published as Note), an overview of the PROV family of documents [</span><cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW"><span class="insert">PROV-OVERVIEW</span></a></cite>];</li>
+interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. These documents are listed below. Please consult the [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">PROV-OVERVIEW</a></cite>] for a guide to reading these documents.
+<ul>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-overview-20130312/">PROV-OVERVIEW</a> (To be published as Note), an overview of the PROV family of documents [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">PROV-OVERVIEW</a></cite>];</li>
<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-primer-20130312/">PROV-PRIMER</a> (To be published as Note), a primer for the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-PRIMER">PROV-PRIMER</a></cite>];</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/">PROV-O</a> <span class="delete">(Candidate</span><span class="insert">(Proposed</span> Recommendation), the PROV ontology, an OWL2 ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>];</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/">PROV-DM</a> <span class="delete">(Candidate</span><span class="insert">(Proposed</span> Recommendation), the PROV data model for provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>];</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/">PROV-N</a> <span class="delete">(Candidate</span><span class="insert">(Proposed</span> Recommendation), a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>];</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-constraints-20130312/">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a> <span class="delete">(Candidate</span><span class="insert">(Proposed</span> Recommendation), a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>];</li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-xml-20130312/"><span class="insert">PROV-XML</span></a><span class="insert"> (To be published as Note), an XML schema for the PROV data model [</span><cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-XML"><span class="insert">PROV-XML</span></a></cite><span class="insert">];</span></li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/">PROV-O</a> (Proposed Recommendation), the PROV ontology, an OWL2 ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/">PROV-DM</a> (Proposed Recommendation), the PROV data model for provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/">PROV-N</a> (Proposed Recommendation), a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-constraints-20130312/">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a> (Proposed Recommendation), a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-xml-20130312/">PROV-XML</a> (To be published as Note), an XML schema for the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>];</li>
<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-aq-20130312/">PROV-AQ</a> (To be published as Note), the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>]; </li>
-<li> <span class="delete">PROV-XML</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dictionary-20130312/"><span class="insert">PROV-DICTIONARY</span></a> (To be published as <span class="delete">Note), an XML schema for the PROV data model</span><span class="insert">Note) introduces a specific type of collection, consisting of key-entity pairs</span> [<cite><span class="delete">PROV-XML</span><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DICTIONARY"><span class="insert">PROV-DICTIONARY</span></a></cite>];</li>
-<li> <span class="delete">PROV-LINKS</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dc-20130312/"><span class="insert">PROV-DC</span></a> (To be published as <span class="delete">Note), introduces</span><span class="insert">Note) provides</span> a <span class="delete">mechanism to link across bundles (this document).</span>
-
-
-<span class="delete">How to read the</span><span class="insert">mapping between</span> PROV <span class="delete">Family of Documentation</span>
-
-<span class="insert">and Dublic Core Terms </span>[<cite><span class="delete">PROV-OVERVIEW</span><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DC"><span class="insert">PROV-DC</span></a></cite><span class="delete">] overviews</span><span class="insert">];</span></li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-sem-20130312/"><span class="insert">PROV-SEM</span></a><span class="insert"> (To be published as Note), a declarative specification in terms of first-order logic of</span> the PROV <span class="delete">family of documents. </span>
-<span class="delete">The primer</span><span class="insert">data model</span> [<cite><span class="delete">PROV-PRIMER</span><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-SEM"><span class="insert">PROV-SEM</span></a></cite><span class="delete">] is the entry point</span><span class="insert">];</span></li>
-<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-links-20130312/"><span class="insert">PROV-LINKS</span></a><span class="insert"> (To be published as Note) introduces a mechanism</span> to <span class="delete">PROV offering an introduction to the provenance model.</span>
-<span class="delete">The Linked Data and Semantic Web community should focus on [</span><span class="delete">PROV-O</span><span class="delete">] defining PROV classes and properties specified in an OWL2 ontology. For further details, [</span><span class="delete">PROV-DM</span><span class="delete">] and [</span><span class="delete">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</span><span class="delete">] specify the constraints applicable to the data model, and its interpretation. </span>
-<span class="delete">The XML community should focus on [</span><span class="delete">PROV-XML</span><span class="delete">] defining an XML schema for PROV. Further details can also be found in [</span><span class="delete">PROV-DM</span><span class="delete">] and [</span><span class="delete">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</span><span class="delete">].</span>
-<span class="delete">Developers seeking to retrieve or publish provenance should focus on [</span><span class="delete">PROV-AQ</span><span class="delete">].</span>
-<span class="delete">Readers seeking to implement other PROV serializations
-should focus on [</span><span class="delete">PROV-DM</span><span class="delete">] and [</span><span class="delete">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</span><span class="delete">]. [</span><span class="delete">PROV-O</span><span class="delete">], [</span><span class="delete">PROV-N</span><span class="delete">], and [</span><span class="delete">PROV-XML</span><span class="delete">] offer examples of mapping to RDF, text, and XML, respectively.</span><span class="insert">link across bundles (this document).</span></li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dictionary-20130312/">PROV-DICTIONARY</a> (To be published as Note) introduces a specific type of collection, consisting of key-entity pairs [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DICTIONARY">PROV-DICTIONARY</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dc-20130312/">PROV-DC</a> (To be published as Note) provides a mapping between PROV and Dublic Core Terms [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DC">PROV-DC</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-sem-20130312/">PROV-SEM</a> (To be published as Note), a declarative specification in terms of first-order logic of the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-SEM">PROV-SEM</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-links-20130312/">PROV-LINKS</a> (To be published as Note) introduces a mechanism to link across bundles (this document).</li>
</ul>
<p>
- This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/">Provenance Working Group</a> as a <span class="delete">First Public </span>Working Draft.
-
-
+ This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/">Provenance Working Group</a> as a Working Draft.
If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to
@@ -931,16 +865,10 @@
-
-
-
- All <span class="delete">feedback is</span><span class="insert">comments are</span> welcome.
+ All comments are welcome.
-
- </p>
-
- <p>
+ </p><p>
Publication as a Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Membership.
This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at
any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.
@@ -969,7 +897,7 @@
-</section><section id="toc"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#introduction" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-namespace" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">1.1 </span></span><span class="insert">PROV Namespace</span></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#conventions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">1.2 </span></span><span class="insert">Conventions</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-mention" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>Conceptual Definition of Mention</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#mention-ontology" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>Ontological Definition of Mention</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#mention-xml" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span>XML Schema for Mention</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#mention-constraints" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5. </span>Constraints associated with Mention</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#change-log-since-first-public-working-draft" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">A. </span></span><span class="insert">Change Log Since First Public Working Draft</span></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">A.</span><span class="insert">B.</span> </span>Acknowledgements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">B.</span><span class="insert">C.</span> </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">B.1</span><span class="insert">C.1</span> </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></section>
+</section><section id="toc"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#introduction" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-namespace" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.1 </span>PROV Namespace</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#conventions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.2 </span>Conventions</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-mention" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>Conceptual Definition of Mention</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#mention-ontology" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>Ontological Definition of Mention</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#mention-xml" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span>XML Schema for Mention</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#mention-constraints" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5. </span>Constraints associated with Mention</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#change-log-since-first-public-working-draft" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A. </span>Change Log Since First Public Working Draft</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B. </span>Acknowledgements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C. </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C.1 </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></section>
@@ -983,9 +911,8 @@
<h2><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</h2>
<p>
-<span class="delete">Provenance</span><span class="delete">
-is</span><span class="insert">The PROV data model [</span><cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM"><span class="insert">PROV-DM</span></a></cite><span class="insert">] defines </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/"><span class="insert">provenance</span></a><span class="insert">
-as</span> a record that describes the people, institutions, entities, and
+The PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] defines <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/">provenance</a>
+as a record that describes the people, institutions, entities, and
activities involved in producing, influencing, or delivering a piece
of data or a thing. The specifications [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>], [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>],
[<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>], and [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>] have respectively defined the PROV
@@ -994,12 +921,12 @@
represented in various representations, and interchanged between systems across the Web.
</p>
-<p>The provenance of information is crucial in deciding whether information is to be trusted, how it should be integrated with other diverse information sources, and how to give credit to its originators when reusing it. To support this, provenance itself should be trusted, and therefore, provenance of provenance is itself a critical aspect of an information infrastructure such as the Web. To this end, PROV introduces the concept of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/#concept-bundle">Bundle</a>: defined as a set of provenance <span class="delete">descriptions,</span><span class="insert">descriptions;</span> it is a mechanism by which provenance of provenance can be expressed (see also <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/#Bundle">Bundle</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>] and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-xml-20130312/#term-Bundle">Bundle</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>]). With bundles, blobs of provenance descriptions can be given names and can themselves be regarded as entities, whose provenance can in turn be described using PROV. These blobs of provenance descriptions are independent of each other, as <span class="delete">illustrated</span><span class="insert">formalized</span> by [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>] which determines their <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-constraints-20130312/#bundle-constraints">validity</a> by examining them in isolation of each other. </p>
+<p>The provenance of information is crucial in deciding whether information is to be trusted, how it should be integrated with other diverse information sources, and how to give credit to its originators when reusing it. To support this, provenance itself should be trusted, and therefore, provenance of provenance is itself a critical aspect of an information infrastructure such as the Web. To this end, PROV introduces the concept of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/#concept-bundle">Bundle</a>: defined as a set of provenance descriptions; it is a mechanism by which provenance of provenance can be expressed (see also <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/#Bundle">Bundle</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>] and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-xml-20130312/#term-Bundle">Bundle</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>]). With bundles, blobs of provenance descriptions can be given names and can themselves be regarded as entities, whose provenance can in turn be described using PROV. These blobs of provenance descriptions are independent of each other, as formalized by [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>] which determines their <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-constraints-20130312/#bundle-constraints">validity</a> by examining them in isolation of each other. </p>
<p>In a distributed environment, it is common to encounter applications that involve multiple parties: it is a common situation that some party creates some data and its provenance, whereas another party consumes the data and its provenance. In such a situation, the consumer, when it in turn generates provenance, often wants to augment the descriptions of entities generated by another producer. For the consumer, it is not suitable to repeat the provenance created by the producer, and augment it according to their need. Instead, a consumer wants to <em>refer</em> to the description as created by the producer <em>in situ</em>, i.e. in its bundle, and <em>specialize it</em>, allowing the consumer to add their own view on this entity. Such a capability would allow parties to "stitch together" provenance descriptions that would otherwise be disconnected.</p>
-<p><span class="insert">While URIs are the Web mechanism by which entities can be assigned identities, URIs alone are not sufficient for our purpose. Indeed, the entity produced by the producer is given a URI, but the same entity, with the same URI, could also be described in other bundles, by this producer or third parties. It is the capability of referring to the description of the entity, as created by the producer in this specific bundle, that is of interest to us in this specification. </span></p>
+<p>While URIs are the Web mechanism by which entities can be assigned identities, URIs alone are not sufficient for our purpose. Indeed, the entity produced by the producer is given a URI, but the same entity, with the same URI, could also be described in other bundles, by this producer or third parties. It is the capability of referring to the description of the entity, as created by the producer in this specific bundle, that is of interest to us in this specification. </p>
<p>This document introduces a new concept <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a> allowing an entity to be described as the specialization of another entity, itself described in another bundle. The document provides not only a conceptual definition of <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a>, but also the corresponding ontological, schema, and notational definitions, for the various representations of PROV. It also includes constraints that apply to this construct specifically. It is our aim to promote interoperability by defining <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a> conceptually and in the representations of PROV.</p>
@@ -1007,21 +934,20 @@
</div></div>
-
<section id="prov-namespace">
-<h3><span class="secno"><span class="insert">1.1 </span></span><span class="insert">PROV Namespace</span></h3>
-<p><span class="insert">The PROV namespace URI is </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</span></span><span class="insert"> and prefix </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">prov</span></span><span class="insert">.</span></p>
-<p><span class="insert"> All the concepts, reserved names, classes, properties, attributes introduced in this specification belong to the PROV namespace.</span></p>
+<h3><span class="secno">1.1 </span>PROV Namespace</h3>
+<p>The PROV namespace URI is <span class="name">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</span> and prefix <span class="name">prov</span>.</p>
+<p> All the concepts, reserved names, classes, properties, attributes introduced in this specification belong to the PROV namespace.</p>
</section>
<section id="conventions">
-<h3><span class="secno"><span class="insert">1.2 </span></span><span class="insert">Conventions</span></h3>
+<h3><span class="secno">1.2 </span>Conventions</h3>
-<p><span class="insert">The key words "</span><em class="rfc2119" title="MUST"><span class="insert">MUST</span></em><span class="insert">", "</span><em class="rfc2119" title="MUST NOT"><span class="insert">MUST NOT</span></em><span class="insert">", "</span><em class="rfc2119" title="REQUIRED"><span class="insert">REQUIRED</span></em><span class="insert">", "</span><em class="rfc2119" title="SHALL"><span class="insert">SHALL</span></em><span class="insert">", "</span><em class="rfc2119" title="SHALL
- NOT"><span class="insert">SHALL
- NOT</span></em><span class="insert">", "</span><em class="rfc2119" title="SHOULD"><span class="insert">SHOULD</span></em><span class="insert">", "</span><em class="rfc2119" title="SHOULD NOT"><span class="insert">SHOULD NOT</span></em><span class="insert">", "</span><em class="rfc2119" title="RECOMMENDED"><span class="insert">RECOMMENDED</span></em><span class="insert">", "</span><em class="rfc2119" title="MAY"><span class="insert">MAY</span></em><span class="insert">", and
- "</span><em class="rfc2119" title="OPTIONAL"><span class="insert">OPTIONAL</span></em><span class="insert">" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
- [</span><cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC2119"><span class="insert">RFC2119</span></a></cite><span class="insert">].</span></p>
+<p>The key words "<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">MUST</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST NOT">MUST NOT</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="REQUIRED">REQUIRED</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="SHALL">SHALL</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="SHALL
+ NOT">SHALL
+ NOT</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="SHOULD">SHOULD</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="SHOULD NOT">SHOULD NOT</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="RECOMMENDED">RECOMMENDED</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="MAY">MAY</em>", and
+ "<em class="rfc2119" title="OPTIONAL">OPTIONAL</em>" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
+ [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC2119">RFC2119</a></cite>].</p>
</section>
</section>
@@ -1048,7 +974,7 @@
<p>
<a href="#figure-component5">Figure 1</a> depicts
-the relation MentionOf <span class="delete">(</span><span class="insert">(concept </span><a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN"><span class="delete">mention</span><span class="insert">Mention</span></a>) as a ternary relation.
+the relation MentionOf (concept <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a>) as a ternary relation.
</p>
@@ -1060,7 +986,7 @@
</div>
-<p>Thus, <span class="delete">Mention is </span>a <span class="delete">relation between</span><span class="insert">mention relates</span> two entities with regard to a bundle.
+<p>Thus, a mention relates two entities with regard to a bundle.
It is a special case of specialization.</p>
@@ -1082,7 +1008,7 @@
-<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-mention">A <dfn title="mentionOf" id="dfn-mentionof" class="internalDFN">mention</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-mentionof"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression"><span class="delete">mentionOf(infra,</span><span class="insert">prov:mentionOf(infra,</span> supra, b)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-mention">A <dfn title="mentionOf" id="dfn-mentionof" class="internalDFN">mention</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-mentionof"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">prov:mentionOf(infra, supra, b)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
<ul>
<li><span class="attribute" id="mention.specificEntity">specificEntity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">infra</span>)
of the entity that is a mention of the general entity (<span class="name">supra</span>);</li>
@@ -1095,7 +1021,7 @@
Its grammar, in the provenance notation, is written as follows.</p>
<table class="grammar">
-<tbody class="prod"> <tr style="vertical-align: baseline; "> <td><a id="prod-mentionExpression" data-name="prod-mentionExpression"></a><span class="prodNo"></span> </td> <td><code class="production prod">mentionExpression</code></td> <td> ::= </td> <td><code class="content"><span class="delete">"mentionOf"</span><span class="insert">"prov:mentionOf"</span> "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bIdentifier">bIdentifier</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr style="vertical-align: baseline; "> <td><a id="prod-mentionExpression" data-name="prod-mentionExpression"></a><span class="prodNo"></span> </td> <td><code class="production prod">mentionExpression</code></td> <td> ::= </td> <td><code class="content">"prov:mentionOf" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bIdentifier">bIdentifier</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
<tbody class="prod"> <tr style="vertical-align: baseline; "> <td><a id="prod-bIdentifier" data-name="prod-bIdentifier"></a> </td> <td><code class="production prod">bIdentifier</code></td> <td> ::= </td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
</table>
@@ -1117,21 +1043,21 @@
</tbody></table>
</div>
-<p><span class="insert">We note that the concept </span><a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Mention</span></a><span class="insert"> is an extension of [</span><cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM"><span class="insert">PROV-DM</span></a></cite><span class="insert">], and therefore has to be prefixed,
-</span><span class="name"><span class="insert">prov:mentionOf</span></span><span class="insert">, according the extensibility
-rules of the provenance notation [</span><cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-N"><span class="insert">PROV-N</span></a></cite><span class="insert">].</span></p>
+<p>We note that the concept <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a> is an extension of [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>], and therefore has to be prefixed,
+<span class="name">prov:mentionOf</span>, according the extensibility
+rules of the provenance notation [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>].</p>
<p>
-Let us consider a bundle and the expression <span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> occuring in this bundle. The entity <span class="name">e1</span> may described <span class="delete">im</span><span class="insert">in</span> multiple other bundle <span class="name">b<sub>i</sub></span>.
-From <span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span>, one cannot infer <span class="name"><span class="delete">mentionOf(e2,e1,b)</span><span class="insert">prov:mentionOf(e2,e1,b)</span></span> for a given <span class="name">b</span>, since it is unknown which <span class="name">b<sub>i</sub></span>'s descriptions were used to computed additional aspects of <span class="name">e2</span>. Hence, <span class="name"><span class="delete">mentionOf</span><span class="insert">prov:mentionOf</span></span> has to be asserted. </p>
+Let us consider a bundle and the expression <span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> occuring in this bundle. The entity <span class="name">e1</span> may described in multiple other bundle <span class="name">b<sub>i</sub></span>.
+From <span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span>, one cannot infer <span class="name">prov:mentionOf(e2,e1,b)</span> for a given <span class="name">b</span>, since it is unknown which <span class="name">b<sub>i</sub></span>'s descriptions were used to computed additional aspects of <span class="name">e2</span>. Hence, <span class="name">prov:mentionOf</span> has to be asserted. </p>
<p><a href="#mention-constraints" class="section-ref"><span>Section 5.</span></a> presents constraints applicable to <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a>, and in particular, the fact that an entity can be a <a href="#mention.specificEntity">specific entity</a> of a <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a> at most once.</p>
<div class="anexample" id="anexample-mention-rating"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 1<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-mention-rating"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
<p>This example is concerned with a performance rating tool that reads and processes provenance to determine the performance of agents. To keep the example simple, an agent's performance is determined by the duration of the activities it is associated with. </p>
-<p>As an illustration, we consider <span class="delete">that </span>two bundles <span class="name">ex:run1</span> and <span class="name">ex:run2</span><span class="insert"> that</span> refer to an agent <span class="name">ex:Bob</span> that controlled two activities <span class="name">ex:a1</span> and <span class="name">ex:a2</span>. </p>
+<p>As an illustration, we consider two bundles <span class="name">ex:run1</span> and <span class="name">ex:run2</span> that refer to an agent <span class="name">ex:Bob</span> that controlled two activities <span class="name">ex:a1</span> and <span class="name">ex:a2</span>. </p>
<pre class="codeexample">bundle ex:run1
activity(ex:a1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, 2011-11-16T17:00:00) //duration: 1hour
@@ -1147,10 +1073,10 @@
<pre class="codeexample">bundle tool:analysis01
agent(tool:Bob-2011-11-16, [perf:rating="good"])
- <span class="delete">mentionOf(tool:Bob-2011-11-16,</span><span class="insert">prov:mentionOf(tool:Bob-2011-11-16,</span> ex:Bob, ex:run1)
+ prov:mentionOf(tool:Bob-2011-11-16, ex:Bob, ex:run1)
agent(tool:Bob-2011-11-17, [perf:rating="bad"])
- <span class="delete">mentionOf(tool:Bob-2011-11-17,</span><span class="insert">prov:mentionOf(tool:Bob-2011-11-17,</span> ex:Bob, ex:run2)
+ prov:mentionOf(tool:Bob-2011-11-17, ex:Bob, ex:run2)
endBundle
</pre>
</div>
@@ -1178,10 +1104,10 @@
wasAttributedTo(tool:bundle2, viz:Visualizer)
entity(tool:report1, [ viz:color="orange" ])
- <span class="delete">mentionOf(tool:report1,</span><span class="insert">prov:mentionOf(tool:report1,</span> ex:report1, obs:bundle1)
+ prov:mentionOf(tool:report1, ex:report1, obs:bundle1)
entity(tool:report2, [ viz:color="blue" ])
- <span class="delete">mentionOf(tool:report2,</span><span class="insert">prov:mentionOf(tool:report2,</span> ex:report2, obs:bundle1)
+ prov:mentionOf(tool:report2, ex:report2, obs:bundle1)
endBundle
</pre>
@@ -1208,7 +1134,7 @@
<section id="mention-ontology">
<h2><span class="secno">3. </span>Ontological Definition of Mention</h2>
-<p>The ternary relation <span class="delete">mentionOf</span><a title="mentionOf" href="#dfn-mentionof" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">prov:mentionOf</span></a> is encoded as two properties:
+<p>The ternary relation <a title="mentionOf" href="#dfn-mentionof" class="internalDFN">prov:mentionOf</a> is encoded as two properties:
<a href="#mentionOf">prov:mentionOf</a> and
<a href="#asInBundle">prov:asInBundle</a>, defined as follows.</p>
@@ -1254,14 +1180,7 @@
</ul>
</dd>
- <span class="delete">PROV-DM term</span>
-
- <span class="delete">mention</span>
-
-
-
- </dl>
- </div>
+ </dl></div>
</div>
@@ -1294,22 +1213,15 @@
</ul>
</dd>
- <span class="delete">PROV-DM term</span>
-
- <span class="delete">mention</span>
-
-
-
- </dl>
- </div>
+ </dl></div>
</div>
<div class="anexample" typeof="prov:Entity" data-about="#example-for-property-mentionOf" id="example_3"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 3<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_3"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
<span resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#mentionOf" data-rel="dcterms:subject"></span>
-<p>We revisit <a href="#anexample-mention-rating" class="anexample-ref"><span>Example 1</span></a>, encoding in RDF the rating of Bob in the context of the second activity.<span class="insert"> For this, we use teh TRIG notation to express bundles
-</span><span class="name"><span class="insert">:run2</span></span><span class="insert"> and
-</span><span class="name"><span class="insert">tool:analysis01</span></span><span class="insert">.</span></p>
+<p>We revisit <a href="#anexample-mention-rating" class="anexample-ref"><span>Example 1</span></a>, encoding in RDF the rating of Bob in the context of the second activity. For this, we use teh TRIG notation to express bundles
+<span class="name">:run2</span> and
+<span class="name">tool:analysis01</span>.</p>
<pre property="prov:value" resource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/tip/examples/eg-24-prov-o-html-examples/rdf/create/rdf/property_mentionOf.ttl" data-rel="prov:wasQuotedFrom">@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@@ -1328,29 +1240,22 @@
.
}
-<span class="delete">tool:analysis_01</span><span class="insert">tool:analysis01</span> {
+tool:analysis01 {
tool:bob-2011-11-17
a prov:Agent;
prov:mentionOf :bob;
prov:asInBundle :run2;
perf:rating perf:very-slow;
- .<span class="delete">
-}
-
-</span>
+ .
# This is inferred from prov:mentionOf
-
tool:bob-2011-11-17 prov:specializationOf :bob .
-
-
# This is inferred from prov:specializationOf
+ tool:bob-2011-11-17 prov:alternateOf :bob .
+}
- tool:bob-2011-11-17 prov:alternateOf :bob .
-<span class="insert">}
-
-</span></pre>
+</pre>
</div>
</section>
@@ -1362,13 +1267,13 @@
<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="Mention">
<xs:sequence>
- <xs:element name="specificEntity" <span class="delete">type="prov:EntityRef"/></span><span class="insert">type="prov:IDRef"/></span>
- <xs:element name="generalEntity" <span class="delete">type="prov:EntityRef"/></span><span class="insert">type="prov:IDRef"/></span>
- <xs:element name="bundle" <span class="delete">type="prov:EntityRef"/></span><span class="insert">type="prov:IDRef"/></span>
+ <xs:element name="specificEntity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="generalEntity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="bundle" type="prov:IDRef"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</pre>
-<p>Usage in XML:</p><pre class="schema-usage"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="mentionOf" <span class="delete">type="prov:Mention"/></span><span class="insert">type="prov:Mention" substitutionGroup="prov:internalElement"/></span>
+<p>Usage in XML:</p><pre class="schema-usage"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="mentionOf" type="prov:Mention" substitutionGroup="prov:internalElement"/>
</pre>
<div class="anexample" id="example_4"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 4<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_4"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
<pre><prov:document
@@ -1379,7 +1284,7 @@
xmlns:perf="http://example.com/ns/perf#"
xmlns:tool="http://example.com/ns/tool#">
- <span class="delete"><prov:bundle</span><span class="insert"><prov:bundleContent</span> prov:id="ex:run1">
+ <prov:bundleContent prov:id="ex:run1">
<prov:activity prov:id="ex:a1">
<prov:startTime>2011-11-16T16:00:00</prov:startTime>
<prov:endTime>2011-11-16T17:00:00</prov:endTime>
@@ -1390,9 +1295,9 @@
<prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Bob" />
<prov:role xsi:type="xsd:QName">controller</prov:role>
</prov:wasAssociatedWith>
- <span class="delete"></prov:bundle></span><span class="insert"></prov:bundleContent></span>
+ </prov:bundleContent>
- <span class="delete"><prov:bundle</span><span class="insert"><prov:bundleContent</span> prov:id="ex:run2">
+ <prov:bundleContent prov:id="ex:run2">
<prov:activity prov:id="ex:a2">
<prov:startTime>2011-11-17T10:00:00</prov:startTime>
<prov:endTime>2011-11-17T17:00:00</prov:endTime>
@@ -1403,9 +1308,9 @@
<prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Bob" />
<prov:role xsi:type="xsd:QName">controller</prov:role>
</prov:wasAssociatedWith>
- <span class="delete"></prov:bundle></span><span class="insert"></prov:bundleContent></span>
+ </prov:bundleContent>
- <span class="delete"><prov:bundle</span><span class="insert"><prov:bundleContent</span> prov:id="tool:analysis01">
+ <prov:bundleContent prov:id="tool:analysis01">
<prov:agent prov:id="tool:Bob-2011-11-16">
<ex:perfrating>good</ex:perfrating>
</prov:agent>
@@ -1425,7 +1330,7 @@
<prov:generalEntity prov:ref="ex:Bob" />
<prov:bundle prov:ref="ex:run2" />
</prov:mentionOf></b>
- <span class="delete"></prov:bundle></span><span class="insert"></prov:bundleContent></span>
+ </prov:bundleContent>
</prov:document></pre></div>
</section>
@@ -1467,29 +1372,25 @@
</section>
-
-
-
-
<section class="appendix" id="change-log-since-first-public-working-draft">
- <h2><span class="secno"><span class="insert">A. </span></span><span class="insert">Change Log Since First Public Working Draft</span></h2>
+ <h2><span class="secno">A. </span>Change Log Since First Public Working Draft</h2>
<ul>
-<li><span class="insert"> Checked all internal fragments resolved.
-</span></li><li><span class="insert"> Changed the status of this document section: added new documents to the PROV Family of Document, and removed the how to read section, referring instead to PROV-OVERVIEW.
-</span></li><li><span class="insert"> Changed all URLs to PROV documents.
-</span></li><li><span class="insert"> Updated XML schema definition.
-</span></li><li><span class="insert"> Updated affiliations.
-</span></li><li><span class="insert"> Added namespace and convention sections.
-</span></li><li><span class="insert"> Updated grammar to make prov prefix explicit.
-</span></li><li><span class="insert"> Added new paragraph in introduction.
-</span></li><li><span class="insert"> Moved "inferred statements" into named graph tool:analysis01 in Example 3.
-</span></li><li><span class="insert"> Added comment on TRIG notation.
-</span></li><li><span class="insert"> Updated xml example with new syntax of bundles.
-</span></li></ul>
+<li> Checked all internal fragments resolved.
+</li><li> Changed the status of this document section: added new documents to the PROV Family of Document, and removed the how to read section, referring instead to PROV-OVERVIEW.
+</li><li> Changed all URLs to PROV documents.
+</li><li> Updated XML schema definition.
+</li><li> Updated affiliations.
+</li><li> Added namespace and convention sections.
+</li><li> Updated grammar to make prov prefix explicit.
+</li><li> Added new paragraph in introduction.
+</li><li> Moved "inferred statements" into named graph tool:analysis01 in Example 3.
+</li><li> Added comment on TRIG notation.
+</li><li> Updated xml example with new syntax of bundles.
+</li></ul>
</section>
<section class="appendix" id="acknowledgements">
- <h2><span class="secno"><span class="delete">A.</span><span class="insert">B.</span> </span>Acknowledgements</h2>
+ <h2><span class="secno">B. </span>Acknowledgements</h2>
<p>
This document has been produced by the PROV Working Group, and its contents reflect extensive discussion within the Working Group as a whole. The editors extend special thanks to Ivan Herman (<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>/<abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr>).
@@ -1502,10 +1403,10 @@
Reza B'Far (Oracle Corporation),
Khalid Belhajjame (University of Manchester),
James Cheney (University of Edinburgh, School of Informatics),
-Sam Coppens <span class="delete">(IBBT),</span><span class="insert">(iMinds - Ghent University),</span>
+Sam Coppens (iMinds - Ghent University),
David Corsar (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science),
Stephen Cresswell (The National Archives),
-Tom De Nies <span class="delete">(IBBT),</span><span class="insert">(iMinds - Ghent University),</span>
+Tom De Nies (iMinds - Ghent University),
Helena Deus (DERI Galway at the National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland),
Simon Dobson (Invited expert),
Martin Doerr (Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas(FORTH)),
@@ -1561,18 +1462,16 @@
-<section id="references" class="appendix"><h2><span class="secno"><span class="delete">B.</span><span class="insert">C.</span> </span>References</h2><section id="informative-references"><h3><span class="secno"><span class="delete">B.1</span><span class="insert">C.1</span> </span>Informative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-PROV-AQ">[PROV-AQ]</dt><dd>Graham Klyne; Paul Groth; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-aq-20130312/"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. <span class="delete">19 June 2012,</span><span class="insert">12 March 2013,</span> Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-aq-20120619/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-aq-20130312/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-aq-20130312/</span></a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]</dt><dd>James Cheney; Paolo Missier; Luc Moreau; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-constraints-20130312/"><cite>Constraints of the PROV Data Model</cite></a>. <span class="delete">11 December 2012,</span><span class="insert">12 March 2013,</span> W3C <span class="delete">Candidate</span><span class="insert">Proposed</span> Recommendation. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-constraints-20121211/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-constraints-20130312/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-constraints-20130312/</span></a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-DC"><span class="insert">[PROV-DC]</span></dt><dd><span class="insert">Daniel Garijo; Kai Eckert; eds. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dc-20130312/"><cite><span class="insert">Dublin Core to PROV Mapping</span></cite></a><span class="insert">. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dc-20130312/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dc-20130312/</span></a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-DICTIONARY"><span class="insert">[PROV-DICTIONARY]</span></dt><dd><span class="insert">Tom De Nies; Sam Coppens; eds. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dictionary-20130312/"><cite><span class="insert">PROV Dictionary</span></cite></a><span class="insert">. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dictionary-20130312/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dictionary-20130312/</span></a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-DM">[PROV-DM]</dt><dd>Luc Moreau; Paolo Missier; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/"><cite>PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</cite></a>. <span class="delete">11 December 2012,</span><span class="insert">12 March 2013,</span> W3C <span class="delete">Candidate</span><span class="insert">Proposed</span> Recommendation. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-dm-20121211/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/</span></a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-N">[PROV-N]</dt><dd>Luc Moreau; Paolo Missier; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/"><cite>PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</cite></a>. <span class="delete">11 December 2012,</span><span class="insert">12 March 2013,</span> W3C <span class="delete">Candidate</span><span class="insert">Proposed</span> Recommendation. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-n-20121211/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/</span></a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-O">[PROV-O]</dt><dd>Timothy Lebo; Satya Sahoo; Deborah McGuinness; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/"><cite>PROV-O: The PROV Ontology</cite></a>. <span class="delete">11 December 2012,</span><span class="insert">12 March 2013,</span> W3C <span class="delete">Candidate</span><span class="insert">Proposed</span> Recommendation. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-prov-o-20121211/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/</span></a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">[PROV-OVERVIEW]</dt><dd>Paul Groth; Luc Moreau; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-overview-20130312/"><cite>PROV-OVERVIEW: An Overview of the PROV Family of Documents</cite></a>. <span class="delete">11 December 2012,</span><span class="insert">12 March 2013,</span> Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-overview-20121211/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-overview-20130312/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-overview-20130312/</span></a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-PRIMER">[PROV-PRIMER]</dt><dd>Yolanda Gil; Simon Miles; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-primer-20130312/"><cite>PROV Model Primer</cite></a>. <span class="delete">11 December 2012,</span><span class="insert">12 March 2013,</span> Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-primer-20121211/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-primer-20130312/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-primer-20130312/</span></a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-SEM"><span class="insert">[PROV-SEM]</span></dt><dd><span class="insert">James Cheney; ed. </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-sem-20130312"><cite><span class="insert">Semantics of the PROV Data Model</span></cite></a><span class="insert">. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-sem-20130312"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-sem-20130312</span></a><span class="insert">.</span>
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-XML">[PROV-XML]</dt><dd>Hook Hua; Curt Tilmes; Stephan Zednik; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-xml-20130312/"><cite>PROV-XML: The PROV XML Schema</cite></a>. <span class="delete">11 December 2012,</span><span class="insert">12 March 2013,</span> Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-xml-20121211/</span>
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-xml-20130312/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-xml-20130312/</span></a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-RFC2119"><span class="insert">[RFC2119]</span></dt><dd><span class="insert">S. Bradner. </span><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><cite><span class="insert">Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.</span></cite></a><span class="insert"> March 1997. Internet RFC 2119. URL: </span><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><span class="insert">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</span></a>
+<section id="references" class="appendix"><h2><span class="secno">C. </span>References</h2><section id="informative-references"><h3><span class="secno">C.1 </span>Informative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-PROV-AQ">[PROV-AQ]</dt><dd>Graham Klyne; Paul Groth; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-aq-20130430/"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-aq-20130312/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-aq-20130430/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-aq-20130430/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]</dt><dd>James Cheney; Paolo Missier; Luc Moreau; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-constraints-20130430/"><cite>Constraints of the PROV Data Model</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, W3C Proposed Recommendation. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-constraints-20130312/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-constraints-20130430/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-constraints-20130430/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-DC">[PROV-DC]</dt><dd>Daniel Garijo; Kai Eckert; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dc-20130430/"><cite>Dublin Core to PROV Mapping</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dc-20130312/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dc-20130430/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dc-20130430/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-DICTIONARY">[PROV-DICTIONARY]</dt><dd>Tom De Nies; Sam Coppens; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/"><cite>PROV Dictionary</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dictionary-20130312/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-DM">[PROV-DM]</dt><dd>Luc Moreau; Paolo Missier; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/"><cite>PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, W3C Proposed Recommendation. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-N">[PROV-N]</dt><dd>Luc Moreau; Paolo Missier; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/"><cite>PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, W3C Proposed Recommendation. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-O">[PROV-O]</dt><dd>Timothy Lebo; Satya Sahoo; Deborah McGuinness; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-o-20130430/"><cite>PROV-O: The PROV Ontology</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, W3C Proposed Recommendation. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-o-20130430/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-o-20130430/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">[PROV-OVERVIEW]</dt><dd>Paul Groth; Luc Moreau; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-overview-20130430/"><cite>PROV-OVERVIEW: An Overview of the PROV Family of Documents</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-overview-20130312/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-overview-20130430/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-overview-20130430/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-PRIMER">[PROV-PRIMER]</dt><dd>Yolanda Gil; Simon Miles; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-primer-20130430/"><cite>PROV Model Primer</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-primer-20130312/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-primer-20130430/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-primer-20130430/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-SEM">[PROV-SEM]</dt><dd>James Cheney; ed. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-sem-20130430"><cite>Semantics of the PROV Data Model</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-sem-20130312</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-sem-20130430"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-sem-20130430</span></a>.
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-XML">[PROV-XML]</dt><dd>Hook Hua; Curt Tilmes; Stephan Zednik; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-xml-20130430/"><cite>PROV-XML: The PROV XML Schema</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-xml-20130312/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-xml-20130430/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-xml-20130430/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC2119">[RFC2119]</dt><dd>S. Bradner. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><cite>Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.</cite></a> March 1997. Internet RFC 2119. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a>
</dd></dl></section></section></body></html>
-
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/links/releases/NOTE-prov-links-20130430/Overview.html Mon Mar 25 16:03:00 2013 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,1470 @@
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+ <body><div class="head">
+ <p>
+
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img width="72" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" alt="W3C"></a>
+
+ </p>
+ <h1 class="title" id="title">Linking Across Provenance Bundles</h1>
+
+ <h2 id="w3c-working-draft-12-march-2013"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Working Draft 12 March 2013</h2>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>This version:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-links-20130312/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-links-20130312/</a></dd>
+ <dt>Latest published version:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-links/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-links/</a></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/links/prov-links.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/links/prov-links.html</a></dd>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <dt>Previous version:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-links-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-links-20121211/</a> <a href="diff.html">(color-coded diff)</a></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Editors:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/">Luc Moreau</a>, University of Southampton</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://tw.rpi.edu/instances/TimLebo">Timothy Lebo</a>, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</dd>
+
+
+ </dl>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <p class="copyright">
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> ©
+ 2012-2013
+
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup>
+ (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>,
+ <a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>,
+ <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>, <a href="http://ev.buaa.edu.cn/">Beihang</a>), All Rights Reserved.
+ <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>,
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.
+ </p>
+
+
+ <hr>
+</div>
+
+ <section id="abstract" class="introductory"><h2>Abstract</h2>
+<p>
+Provenance is information about entities, activities, and people
+involved in producing a piece of data or thing, which can be used to
+form assessments about its quality, reliability or trustworthiness.
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/#concept-bundle">Bundles</a>,
+defined in [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] as sets of provenance descriptions, were
+introduced in PROV as the mechanism by which provenance of provenance
+can be expressed. Bundles, whose validity is established
+independently of each other [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>], are essentially
+independent of each other, acting as islands of provenance
+descriptions.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In applications where provenance is created by multiple parties over time, it is useful for provenance descriptions created by one party to link to provenance descriptions created by another party. Such a mechanism would allow the "stitching" of provenance descriptions together. Given that provenance descriptions are expected to be contained in bundles, this would require a capability to link entity descriptions across bundles. To address this requirement, this document introduces a relation <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a> allowing an entity description to be linked to another entity description occurring in another bundle.
+</p>
+
+<p>The <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-overview-20130312/">PROV Document Overview</a> describes the overall state of PROV, and should be read before other PROV documents.</p>
+
+ </section><section id="sotd" class="introductory"><h2>Status of This Document</h2>
+
+
+
+ <p>
+ <em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other
+ documents may supersede this document. A list of current <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> publications and the latest revision
+ of this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> technical reports
+ index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em>
+ </p>
+
+<h4 id="prov-family-of-documents">PROV Family of Documents</h4>
+This document is part of the PROV family of documents, a set of documents defining various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
+interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. These documents are listed below. Please consult the [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">PROV-OVERVIEW</a></cite>] for a guide to reading these documents.
+<ul>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-overview-20130312/">PROV-OVERVIEW</a> (To be published as Note), an overview of the PROV family of documents [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">PROV-OVERVIEW</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-primer-20130312/">PROV-PRIMER</a> (To be published as Note), a primer for the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-PRIMER">PROV-PRIMER</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/">PROV-O</a> (Proposed Recommendation), the PROV ontology, an OWL2 ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/">PROV-DM</a> (Proposed Recommendation), the PROV data model for provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/">PROV-N</a> (Proposed Recommendation), a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-constraints-20130312/">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a> (Proposed Recommendation), a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-xml-20130312/">PROV-XML</a> (To be published as Note), an XML schema for the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-aq-20130312/">PROV-AQ</a> (To be published as Note), the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>]; </li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dictionary-20130312/">PROV-DICTIONARY</a> (To be published as Note) introduces a specific type of collection, consisting of key-entity pairs [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DICTIONARY">PROV-DICTIONARY</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dc-20130312/">PROV-DC</a> (To be published as Note) provides a mapping between PROV and Dublic Core Terms [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DC">PROV-DC</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-sem-20130312/">PROV-SEM</a> (To be published as Note), a declarative specification in terms of first-order logic of the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-SEM">PROV-SEM</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-links-20130312/">PROV-LINKS</a> (To be published as Note) introduces a mechanism to link across bundles (this document).</li>
+</ul>
+
+ <p>
+ This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/">Provenance Working Group</a> as a Working Draft.
+
+
+ If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to
+ <a href="mailto:public-prov-comments@w3.org">public-prov-comments@w3.org</a>
+ (<a href="mailto:public-prov-comments-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>,
+ <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/">archives</a>).
+
+
+
+
+ All comments are welcome.
+
+
+ </p><p>
+ Publication as a Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Membership.
+ This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at
+ any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.
+ </p>
+
+
+ <p>
+
+ This document was produced by a group operating under the
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent Policy</a>.
+
+ The group does not expect this document to become a <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Recommendation.
+
+
+ <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent disclosures</a>
+
+ made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for
+ disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the
+ information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section
+ 6 of the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent Policy</a>.
+
+
+ </p>
+
+
+
+
+</section><section id="toc"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#introduction" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-namespace" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.1 </span>PROV Namespace</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#conventions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.2 </span>Conventions</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-mention" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>Conceptual Definition of Mention</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#mention-ontology" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>Ontological Definition of Mention</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#mention-xml" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span>XML Schema for Mention</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#mention-constraints" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5. </span>Constraints associated with Mention</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#change-log-since-first-public-working-draft" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A. </span>Change Log Since First Public Working Draft</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B. </span>Acknowledgements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C. </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C.1 </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="introduction">
+<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</h2>
+
+<p>
+The PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] defines <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/">provenance</a>
+as a record that describes the people, institutions, entities, and
+activities involved in producing, influencing, or delivering a piece
+of data or a thing. The specifications [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>], [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>],
+[<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>], and [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>] have respectively defined the PROV
+ontology, the PROV conceptual model, the PROV notation, and the PROV
+XML schema, allowing provenance descriptions to be expressed,
+represented in various representations, and interchanged between systems across the Web.
+</p>
+
+<p>The provenance of information is crucial in deciding whether information is to be trusted, how it should be integrated with other diverse information sources, and how to give credit to its originators when reusing it. To support this, provenance itself should be trusted, and therefore, provenance of provenance is itself a critical aspect of an information infrastructure such as the Web. To this end, PROV introduces the concept of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/#concept-bundle">Bundle</a>: defined as a set of provenance descriptions; it is a mechanism by which provenance of provenance can be expressed (see also <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/#Bundle">Bundle</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>] and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-xml-20130312/#term-Bundle">Bundle</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>]). With bundles, blobs of provenance descriptions can be given names and can themselves be regarded as entities, whose provenance can in turn be described using PROV. These blobs of provenance descriptions are independent of each other, as formalized by [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>] which determines their <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-constraints-20130312/#bundle-constraints">validity</a> by examining them in isolation of each other. </p>
+
+
+<p>In a distributed environment, it is common to encounter applications that involve multiple parties: it is a common situation that some party creates some data and its provenance, whereas another party consumes the data and its provenance. In such a situation, the consumer, when it in turn generates provenance, often wants to augment the descriptions of entities generated by another producer. For the consumer, it is not suitable to repeat the provenance created by the producer, and augment it according to their need. Instead, a consumer wants to <em>refer</em> to the description as created by the producer <em>in situ</em>, i.e. in its bundle, and <em>specialize it</em>, allowing the consumer to add their own view on this entity. Such a capability would allow parties to "stitch together" provenance descriptions that would otherwise be disconnected.</p>
+
+<p>While URIs are the Web mechanism by which entities can be assigned identities, URIs alone are not sufficient for our purpose. Indeed, the entity produced by the producer is given a URI, but the same entity, with the same URI, could also be described in other bundles, by this producer or third parties. It is the capability of referring to the description of the entity, as created by the producer in this specific bundle, that is of interest to us in this specification. </p>
+
+<p>This document introduces a new concept <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a> allowing an entity to be described as the specialization of another entity, itself described in another bundle. The document provides not only a conceptual definition of <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a>, but also the corresponding ontological, schema, and notational definitions, for the various representations of PROV. It also includes constraints that apply to this construct specifically. It is our aim to promote interoperability by defining <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a> conceptually and in the representations of PROV.</p>
+
+<div class="note"><div class="note-title"><span>Note</span></div><div class="">The concept <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a> is experimental, and for this reason was not defined in PROV recommendation-track documents. The Provenance Working Group is seeking feedback from the community on its usefulness in practical scenarios.
+</div></div>
+
+
+<section id="prov-namespace">
+<h3><span class="secno">1.1 </span>PROV Namespace</h3>
+<p>The PROV namespace URI is <span class="name">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</span> and prefix <span class="name">prov</span>.</p>
+<p> All the concepts, reserved names, classes, properties, attributes introduced in this specification belong to the PROV namespace.</p>
+</section> <!-- end prov-namespace -->
+
+<section id="conventions">
+<h3><span class="secno">1.2 </span>Conventions</h3>
+
+<p>The key words "<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">MUST</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST NOT">MUST NOT</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="REQUIRED">REQUIRED</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="SHALL">SHALL</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="SHALL
+ NOT">SHALL
+ NOT</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="SHOULD">SHOULD</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="SHOULD NOT">SHOULD NOT</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="RECOMMENDED">RECOMMENDED</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="MAY">MAY</em>", and
+ "<em class="rfc2119" title="OPTIONAL">OPTIONAL</em>" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
+ [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC2119">RFC2119</a></cite>].</p>
+</section> <!-- end conventions -->
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-mention">
+<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">2. </span>Conceptual Definition of Mention</h2>
+
+
+
+<p>An entity <span class="name">e1</span> may be mentioned in a bundle <span class="name">b</span>, which contains some
+ descriptions about this entity <span class="name">e1</span>: how <span class="name">e1</span> was generated and used, which activities <span class="name">e1</span> is involved with, the agents <span class="name">e1</span> is attributed to, etc.
+Other bundles may contain other descriptions about the same entity <span class="name">e1</span>.
+Some applications may want to augment
+the descriptions of entity <span class="name">e1</span> found in bundle <span class="name">b</span> with other information.
+To this end, PROV allows a new entity <span class="name">e2</span> to be created and defined as a specialization of the preceding entity <span class="name">e1</span>, and which presents at least an additional aspect: the bundle <span class="name">b</span> containing some descriptions of <span class="name">e1</span>. With this relation, applications that process <span class="name">e2</span>
+can know that the attributes of <span class="name">e2</span> may have been computed according to the descriptions of <span class="name">e1</span> in <span class="name">b</span>.
+(The term 'aspect' should be understood informally as "a particular part or feature of something"; the term is used in [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>]'s definitions of
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/#concept-entity">entity</a> (Section 5.1.1),
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/#concept-specialization">specialization</a> (Section 5.5.1),
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/#concept-alternate">alternate</a> (Section 5.5.2), and in
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-constraints-20130312/#entities-activities-and-agents">section 2.1</a> of [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>]).
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+ <a href="#figure-component5">Figure 1</a> depicts
+the relation MentionOf (concept <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a>) as a ternary relation.
+</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<span class="figure" id="fig-figure-1-uml-diagram-for-mention" style="max-width: 95%; ">
+<img src="figures/component5.png" alt="mention"><br>
+<span class="figcaption" id="figure-component5">Figure 1<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#figure-component5"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> UML Diagram for Mention</span>
+</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Thus, a mention relates two entities with regard to a bundle.
+It is a special case of specialization.</p>
+
+
+<span class="glossary-ref"> The <dfn id="concept-mention" title="Mention" class="internalDFN">mention</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-mention"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> of an entity in a bundle (containing a description of this entity) is another entity that is a specialization of the former and that presents at least the bundle as a further additional aspect. </span>
+
+
+
+<p>
+An entity is interpreted with respect to a bundle's description in a
+domain specific manner. The mention of this entity with respect to
+this bundle offers the opportunity to specialize it according to some
+domain-specific interpretation.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>A mention of an entity in a bundle results in a specialization of this entity with extra fixed aspects, including the bundle that it is described in.
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-mention">A <dfn title="mentionOf" id="dfn-mentionof" class="internalDFN">mention</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-mentionof"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">prov:mentionOf(infra, supra, b)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="mention.specificEntity">specificEntity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">infra</span>)
+of the entity that is a mention of the general entity (<span class="name">supra</span>);</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="mention.generalEntity">generalEntity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">supra</span>) for an entity that appears in bundle <span class="name">b</span>.</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="mention.bundle">bundle</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">b</span>) of a bundle that contains a description of <span class="name">supra</span> and further constitutes one additional aspect presented by <span class="name">infra</span>.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<p>Like <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/#dfn-specializationof">specialization</a>, a mention is not, as defined here, an <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/#concept-influence">influence</a>, and therefore does not have an id and attributes.
+Its grammar, in the provenance notation, is written as follows.</p>
+
+<table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr style="vertical-align: baseline; "> <td><a id="prod-mentionExpression" data-name="prod-mentionExpression"></a><span class="prodNo"></span> </td> <td><code class="production prod">mentionExpression</code></td> <td> ::= </td> <td><code class="content">"prov:mentionOf" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bIdentifier">bIdentifier</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr style="vertical-align: baseline; "> <td><a id="prod-bIdentifier" data-name="prod-bIdentifier"></a> </td> <td><code class="production prod">bIdentifier</code></td> <td> ::= </td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a Mention maps to a syntax element, in the provenance notation.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="#dfn-mentionof">Mention</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="#mention.specificEntity"><span class="attribute" data-id="mention.specificEntity">specificEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="#mention.generalEntity"><span class="attribute" data-id="mention.generalEntity">generalEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="#mention.bundle"><span class="attribute" data-id="mention.bundle">bundle</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bIdentifier">bIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+<p>We note that the concept <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a> is an extension of [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>], and therefore has to be prefixed,
+<span class="name">prov:mentionOf</span>, according the extensibility
+rules of the provenance notation [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>].</p>
+
+
+<p>
+Let us consider a bundle and the expression <span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> occuring in this bundle. The entity <span class="name">e1</span> may described in multiple other bundle <span class="name">b<sub>i</sub></span>.
+From <span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span>, one cannot infer <span class="name">prov:mentionOf(e2,e1,b)</span> for a given <span class="name">b</span>, since it is unknown which <span class="name">b<sub>i</sub></span>'s descriptions were used to computed additional aspects of <span class="name">e2</span>. Hence, <span class="name">prov:mentionOf</span> has to be asserted. </p>
+
+<p><a href="#mention-constraints" class="section-ref"><span>Section 5.</span></a> presents constraints applicable to <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a>, and in particular, the fact that an entity can be a <a href="#mention.specificEntity">specific entity</a> of a <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a> at most once.</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-mention-rating"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 1<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-mention-rating"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>This example is concerned with a performance rating tool that reads and processes provenance to determine the performance of agents. To keep the example simple, an agent's performance is determined by the duration of the activities it is associated with. </p>
+<p>As an illustration, we consider two bundles <span class="name">ex:run1</span> and <span class="name">ex:run2</span> that refer to an agent <span class="name">ex:Bob</span> that controlled two activities <span class="name">ex:a1</span> and <span class="name">ex:a2</span>. </p>
+
+<pre class="codeexample">bundle ex:run1
+ activity(ex:a1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, 2011-11-16T17:00:00) //duration: 1hour
+ wasAssociatedWith(ex:a1, ex:Bob, [prov:role="controller"])
+endBundle
+
+bundle ex:run2
+ activity(ex:a2, 2011-11-17T10:00:00, 2011-11-17T17:00:00) //duration: 7hours
+ wasAssociatedWith(ex:a2, ex:Bob, [prov:role="controller"])
+endBundle
+</pre>
+<p>The performance rating tool reads these bundles, and rates the performance of the agent described in these bundles. The performance rating tool creates a new bundle <span class="name">tool:analysis01</span> containing the following. A new agent <span class="name">tool:Bob-2011-11-16</span> is declared as a mention of <span class="name">ex:Bob</span> as described in bundle <span class="name">ex:run1</span>, and likewise for <span class="name">tool:Bob-2011-11-17</span> with respect to <span class="name">ex:run2</span>. The tool adds a domain-specific performance attribute to each of these specialized entities as follows: the performance of the agent in the first bundle is judged to be good since the duration of <span class="name">ex:a1</span> is one hour, whereas it is judged to be bad in the second bundle since <span class="name">ex:a2</span>'s duration is seven hours. The attribute <span class="name">perf:rating</span> is an example of additional attribute of the specialized agents <span class="name">tool:Bob-2011-11-16</span> and <span class="name">tool:Bob-2011-11-17</span>.</p>
+
+<pre class="codeexample">bundle tool:analysis01
+ agent(tool:Bob-2011-11-16, [perf:rating="good"])
+ prov:mentionOf(tool:Bob-2011-11-16, ex:Bob, ex:run1)
+
+ agent(tool:Bob-2011-11-17, [perf:rating="bad"])
+ prov:mentionOf(tool:Bob-2011-11-17, ex:Bob, ex:run2)
+endBundle
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="aexample-mention-viz"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 2<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#aexample-mention-viz"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>Consider the following bundle of descriptions, in which derivation and generations have been identified.
+</p><pre class="codeexample">
+bundle obs:bundle1
+ entity(ex:report1, [ prov:type="report", ex:version=1 ])
+ wasGeneratedBy(ex:g1; ex:report1, -, 2012-05-24T10:00:01)
+ entity(ex:report2, [ prov:type="report", ex:version=2 ])
+ wasGeneratedBy(ex:g2; ex:report2, -, 2012-05-25T11:00:01)
+ wasDerivedFrom(ex:report2, ex:report1)
+endBundle
+entity(obs:bundle1, [ prov:type='prov:Bundle' ])
+wasAttributedTo(obs:bundle1, ex:observer01)
+</pre>
+Bundle <span class="name">obs:bundle1</span> is rendered by a visualisation tool. It may useful for the visualization layout of this bundle to be shared along with the provenance descriptions, so that other users can render provenance as it was originally rendered. The original bundle obviously cannot be changed. However, one can create a new bundle, as follows.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+bundle tool:bundle2
+ entity(tool:bundle2, [ prov:type='viz:Configuration', prov:type='prov:Bundle' ])
+ wasAttributedTo(tool:bundle2, viz:Visualizer)
+
+ entity(tool:report1, [ viz:color="orange" ])
+ prov:mentionOf(tool:report1, ex:report1, obs:bundle1)
+
+ entity(tool:report2, [ viz:color="blue" ])
+ prov:mentionOf(tool:report2, ex:report2, obs:bundle1)
+endBundle
+</pre>
+
+<p>In bundle <span class="name">tool:bundle2</span>, the prefix <span class="name">viz</span> is used for naming visualisation-specific attributes, types or values.</p>
+
+<p>This example is typical of a common situation in distributed environments, where the consumer and producer of provenance are different.</p>
+
+<p>Bundle <span class="name">tool:bundle2</span> is given type <span class="name">viz:Configuration</span> to indicate that it consists of descriptions that pertain to the configuration of the visualisation tool. This type attribute can be used for searching bundles containing visualization-related descriptions.
+</p>
+
+<p>The visualisation tool
+ created new identifiers <span class="name">tool:report1</span> and
+<span class="name">tool:report2</span>.
+They denote entities which are specializations of <span class="name">ex:report1</span> and <span class="name">ex:report2</span>, described in bundle <span class="name">obs:bundle1</span>, with visualization attribute for the color to be used when rendering these entities. </p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="mention-ontology">
+ <!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">3. </span>Ontological Definition of Mention</h2>
+
+<p>The ternary relation <a title="mentionOf" href="#dfn-mentionof" class="internalDFN">prov:mentionOf</a> is encoded as two properties:
+<a href="#mentionOf">prov:mentionOf</a> and
+<a href="#asInBundle">prov:asInBundle</a>, defined as follows.</p>
+
+<div class="entity" id="mentionOf">
+ <h2 id="property--prov-mentionof-op-----------------back-to-expanded-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#mentionOf"><span title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#mentionOf" class="dotted">prov:mentionOf</span></a> <sup title="object property" class="type-op">op</sup>
+
+ </h2>
+ <p><strong class="crossreference">IRI:</strong>http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#mentionOf</p>
+
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment "><p>When :x prov:mentionOf :y and :y is described in Bundle :b, the triple :x prov:asInBundle :b is also asserted to cite the Bundle in which :y was described.</p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="comment "><p>prov:asInBundle is used to cite the Bundle in which the generalization was mentioned.</p>
+ </div>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has super-properties</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a class="owlclass" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/#specializationOf" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#specializationOf">prov:specializationOf</a> <sup title="object property" class="type-op">op</sup>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a class="owlclass" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/#Entity" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a class="owlclass" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/#Entity" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></div>
+ </div>
+
+
+<div class="entity" id="asInBundle">
+ <h2 id="property--prov-asinbundle-op-----------------back-to-expanded-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#asInBundle"><span title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#asInBundle" class="dotted">prov:asInBundle</span></a> <sup title="object property" class="type-op">op</sup>
+ </h2>
+ <p><strong class="crossreference">IRI:</strong>http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#asInBundle</p>
+
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment "><p>When :x prov:mentionOf :y and :y is described in Bundle :b, the triple :x prov:asInBundle :b is also asserted to cite the Bundle in which :y was described.</p>
+ </div>
+ <dl>
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a class="owlclass" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/#Entity" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a class="owlclass" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/#Bundle" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Bundle">prov:Bundle</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></div>
+ </div>
+
+<div class="anexample" typeof="prov:Entity" data-about="#example-for-property-mentionOf" id="example_3"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 3<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_3"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+ <span resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#mentionOf" data-rel="dcterms:subject"></span>
+
+<p>We revisit <a href="#anexample-mention-rating" class="anexample-ref"><span>Example 1</span></a>, encoding in RDF the rating of Bob in the context of the second activity. For this, we use teh TRIG notation to express bundles
+<span class="name">:run2</span> and
+<span class="name">tool:analysis01</span>.</p>
+
+ <pre property="prov:value" resource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/tip/examples/eg-24-prov-o-html-examples/rdf/create/rdf/property_mentionOf.ttl" data-rel="prov:wasQuotedFrom">@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix tool: <http://example.com/tool/> .
+@prefix perf: <http://example.com/performance/> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+:run2 {
+ :activity_2
+ a prov:Activity;
+ prov:startedAtTime "2011-11-17T10:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime;
+ prov:endedAtTime "2011-11-17T17:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime;
+ prov:wasAssociatedWith :bob;
+ .
+}
+
+tool:analysis01 {
+ tool:bob-2011-11-17
+ a prov:Agent;
+ prov:mentionOf :bob;
+ prov:asInBundle :run2;
+ perf:rating perf:very-slow;
+ .
+
+ # This is inferred from prov:mentionOf
+ tool:bob-2011-11-17 prov:specializationOf :bob .
+
+ # This is inferred from prov:specializationOf
+ tool:bob-2011-11-17 prov:alternateOf :bob .
+}
+
+</pre>
+ </div>
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="mention-xml">
+ <!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">4. </span>XML Schema for Mention</h2>
+
+
+
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="Mention">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="specificEntity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="generalEntity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="bundle" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>Usage in XML:</p><pre class="schema-usage"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="mentionOf" type="prov:Mention" substitutionGroup="prov:internalElement"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="anexample" id="example_4"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 4<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_4"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<pre><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:perf="http://example.com/ns/perf#"
+ xmlns:tool="http://example.com/ns/tool#">
+
+ <prov:bundleContent prov:id="ex:run1">
+ <prov:activity prov:id="ex:a1">
+ <prov:startTime>2011-11-16T16:00:00</prov:startTime>
+ <prov:endTime>2011-11-16T17:00:00</prov:endTime>
+ </prov:activity>
+
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:a1" />
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Bob" />
+ <prov:role xsi:type="xsd:QName">controller</prov:role>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ </prov:bundleContent>
+
+ <prov:bundleContent prov:id="ex:run2">
+ <prov:activity prov:id="ex:a2">
+ <prov:startTime>2011-11-17T10:00:00</prov:startTime>
+ <prov:endTime>2011-11-17T17:00:00</prov:endTime>
+ </prov:activity>
+
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:a2" />
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Bob" />
+ <prov:role xsi:type="xsd:QName">controller</prov:role>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ </prov:bundleContent>
+
+ <prov:bundleContent prov:id="tool:analysis01">
+ <prov:agent prov:id="tool:Bob-2011-11-16">
+ <ex:perfrating>good</ex:perfrating>
+ </prov:agent>
+
+ <b><prov:mentionOf>
+ <prov:specificEntity prov:ref="tool:Bob-2011-11-16" />
+ <prov:generalEntity prov:ref="ex:Bob" />
+ <prov:bundle prov:ref="ex:run1" />
+ </prov:mentionOf></b>
+
+ <prov:agent prov:id="tool:Bob-2011-11-17">
+ <ex:perfrating>bad</ex:perfrating>
+ </prov:agent>
+
+ <b><prov:mentionOf>
+ <prov:specificEntity prov:ref="tool:Bob-2011-11-17" />
+ <prov:generalEntity prov:ref="ex:Bob" />
+ <prov:bundle prov:ref="ex:run2" />
+ </prov:mentionOf></b>
+ </prov:bundleContent>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="mention-constraints">
+ <!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">5. </span>Constraints associated with Mention</h2>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <p id="mention-specialization-inference_text">If one entity is a mention of another in a bundle, then the former is also a specialization of the latter:</p>
+
+ <div class="inference" id="mention-specialization-inference">
+<p>
+<span class="conditional">IF</span> <span class="name">mentionOf(e2,e1,b)</span> <span class="conditional">THEN</span> <span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span>.</p>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+<div id="unique-mention_text">
+<p>An entity can be the subject of at most one mention relation.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="constraint" id="unique-mention">
+<p>
+<span class="conditional">IF</span> <span class="name">mentionOf(e, e1, b1)</span> and <span class="name">mentionOf(e, e2, b2)</span>,
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span> <span class="name">e1</span>=<span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">b1</span>=<span class="name">b2</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section class="appendix" id="change-log-since-first-public-working-draft">
+ <!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">A. </span>Change Log Since First Public Working Draft</h2>
+<ul>
+<li> Checked all internal fragments resolved.
+</li><li> Changed the status of this document section: added new documents to the PROV Family of Document, and removed the how to read section, referring instead to PROV-OVERVIEW.
+</li><li> Changed all URLs to PROV documents.
+</li><li> Updated XML schema definition.
+</li><li> Updated affiliations.
+</li><li> Added namespace and convention sections.
+</li><li> Updated grammar to make prov prefix explicit.
+</li><li> Added new paragraph in introduction.
+</li><li> Moved "inferred statements" into named graph tool:analysis01 in Example 3.
+</li><li> Added comment on TRIG notation.
+</li><li> Updated xml example with new syntax of bundles.
+</li></ul>
+</section>
+
+<section class="appendix" id="acknowledgements">
+ <!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">B. </span>Acknowledgements</h2>
+ <p>
+
+This document has been produced by the PROV Working Group, and its contents reflect extensive discussion within the Working Group as a whole. The editors extend special thanks to Ivan Herman (<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>/<abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr>).
+ </p>
+
+<p>
+Members of the PROV Working Group at the time of publication of this document were:
+
+Ilkay Altintas (Invited expert),
+Reza B'Far (Oracle Corporation),
+Khalid Belhajjame (University of Manchester),
+James Cheney (University of Edinburgh, School of Informatics),
+Sam Coppens (iMinds - Ghent University),
+David Corsar (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science),
+Stephen Cresswell (The National Archives),
+Tom De Nies (iMinds - Ghent University),
+Helena Deus (DERI Galway at the National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland),
+Simon Dobson (Invited expert),
+Martin Doerr (Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas(FORTH)),
+Kai Eckert (Invited expert),
+Jean-Pierre EVAIN (European Broadcasting Union, EBU-UER),
+James Frew (Invited expert),
+Irini Fundulaki (Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas(FORTH)),
+Daniel Garijo (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid),
+Yolanda Gil (Invited expert),
+Ryan Golden (Oracle Corporation),
+Paul Groth (Vrije Universiteit),
+Olaf Hartig (Invited expert),
+David Hau (National Cancer Institute, NCI),
+Sandro Hawke (<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>/<abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr>),
+Jörn Hees (German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) Gmbh),
+Ivan Herman, (<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>/<abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr>),
+Ralph Hodgson (TopQuadrant),
+Hook Hua (Invited expert),
+Trung Dong Huynh (University of Southampton),
+Graham Klyne (University of Oxford),
+Michael Lang (Revelytix, Inc.),
+Timothy Lebo (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+James McCusker (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Deborah McGuinness (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Simon Miles (Invited expert),
+Paolo Missier (School of Computing Science, Newcastle university),
+Luc Moreau (University of Southampton),
+James Myers (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Vinh Nguyen (Wright State University),
+Edoardo Pignotti (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science),
+Paulo da Silva Pinheiro (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Carl Reed (Open Geospatial Consortium),
+Adam Retter (Invited Expert),
+Christine Runnegar (Invited expert),
+Satya Sahoo (Invited expert),
+David Schaengold (Revelytix, Inc.),
+Daniel Schutzer (FSTC, Financial Services Technology Consortium),
+Yogesh Simmhan (Invited expert),
+Stian Soiland-Reyes (University of Manchester),
+Eric Stephan (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory),
+Linda Stewart (The National Archives),
+Ed Summers (Library of Congress),
+Maria Theodoridou (Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas(FORTH)),
+Ted Thibodeau (OpenLink Software Inc.),
+Curt Tilmes (National Aeronautics and Space Administration),
+Craig Trim (IBM Corporation),
+Stephan Zednik (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Jun Zhao (University of Oxford),
+Yuting Zhao (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science).
+</p>
+ </section>
+
+
+
+
+<section id="references" class="appendix"><!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">C. </span>References</h2><section id="informative-references"><h3><span class="secno">C.1 </span>Informative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-PROV-AQ">[PROV-AQ]</dt><dd>Graham Klyne; Paul Groth; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-aq-20130430/"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-aq-20130430/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-aq-20130430/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]</dt><dd>James Cheney; Paolo Missier; Luc Moreau; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-constraints-20130430/"><cite>Constraints of the PROV Data Model</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, W3C Proposed Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-constraints-20130430/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-constraints-20130430/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-DC">[PROV-DC]</dt><dd>Daniel Garijo; Kai Eckert; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dc-20130430/"><cite>Dublin Core to PROV Mapping</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dc-20130430/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dc-20130430/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-DICTIONARY">[PROV-DICTIONARY]</dt><dd>Tom De Nies; Sam Coppens; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/"><cite>PROV Dictionary</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-DM">[PROV-DM]</dt><dd>Luc Moreau; Paolo Missier; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/"><cite>PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, W3C Proposed Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-N">[PROV-N]</dt><dd>Luc Moreau; Paolo Missier; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/"><cite>PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, W3C Proposed Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-O">[PROV-O]</dt><dd>Timothy Lebo; Satya Sahoo; Deborah McGuinness; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-o-20130430/"><cite>PROV-O: The PROV Ontology</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, W3C Proposed Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-o-20130430/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-o-20130430/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">[PROV-OVERVIEW]</dt><dd>Paul Groth; Luc Moreau; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-overview-20130430/"><cite>PROV-OVERVIEW: An Overview of the PROV Family of Documents</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-overview-20130430/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-overview-20130430/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-PRIMER">[PROV-PRIMER]</dt><dd>Yolanda Gil; Simon Miles; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-primer-20130430/"><cite>PROV Model Primer</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-primer-20130430/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-primer-20130430/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-SEM">[PROV-SEM]</dt><dd>James Cheney; ed. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-sem-20130430"><cite>Semantics of the PROV Data Model</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-sem-20130430">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-sem-20130430</a>.
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-XML">[PROV-XML]</dt><dd>Hook Hua; Curt Tilmes; Stephan Zednik; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-xml-20130430/"><cite>PROV-XML: The PROV XML Schema</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-xml-20130430/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-xml-20130430/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC2119">[RFC2119]</dt><dd>S. Bradner. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><cite>Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.</cite></a> March 1997. Internet RFC 2119. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a>
+</dd></dl></section></section></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/links/releases/NOTE-prov-links-20130430/diff.html Mon Mar 25 16:03:00 2013 +0000
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+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img width="72" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" alt="W3C"></a>
+
+ </p>
+ <h1 class="title" id="title">Linking Across Provenance Bundles</h1>
+
+ <h2 id="w3c-working-draft-12-march-2013"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Working Draft 12 March 2013</h2>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>This version:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-links-20130312/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-links-20130312/</a></dd>
+ <dt>Latest published version:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-links/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-links/</a></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/links/prov-links.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/links/prov-links.html</a></dd>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <dt>Previous version:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-links-20121211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-links-20121211/</a> <a href="diff.html">(color-coded diff)</a></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Editors:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/">Luc Moreau</a>, University of Southampton</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://tw.rpi.edu/instances/TimLebo">Timothy Lebo</a>, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</dd>
+
+
+ </dl>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <p class="copyright">
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> ©
+ 2012-2013
+
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup>
+ (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>,
+ <a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>,
+ <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>, <a href="http://ev.buaa.edu.cn/">Beihang</a>), All Rights Reserved.
+ <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>,
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.
+ </p>
+
+
+ <hr>
+</div>
+
+ <section id="abstract" class="introductory"><h2>Abstract</h2>
+<p>
+Provenance is information about entities, activities, and people
+involved in producing a piece of data or thing, which can be used to
+form assessments about its quality, reliability or trustworthiness.
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/#concept-bundle">Bundles</a>,
+defined in [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] as sets of provenance descriptions, were
+introduced in PROV as the mechanism by which provenance of provenance
+can be expressed. Bundles, whose validity is established
+independently of each other [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>], are essentially
+independent of each other, acting as islands of provenance
+descriptions.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In applications where provenance is created by multiple parties over time, it is useful for provenance descriptions created by one party to link to provenance descriptions created by another party. Such a mechanism would allow the "stitching" of provenance descriptions together. Given that provenance descriptions are expected to be contained in bundles, this would require a capability to link entity descriptions across bundles. To address this requirement, this document introduces a relation <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a> allowing an entity description to be linked to another entity description occurring in another bundle.
+</p>
+
+<p>The <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-overview-20130312/">PROV Document Overview</a> describes the overall state of PROV, and should be read before other PROV documents.</p>
+
+ </section><section id="sotd" class="introductory"><h2>Status of This Document</h2>
+
+
+
+ <p>
+ <em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other
+ documents may supersede this document. A list of current <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> publications and the latest revision
+ of this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> technical reports
+ index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em>
+ </p>
+
+<h4 id="prov-family-of-documents">PROV Family of Documents</h4>
+This document is part of the PROV family of documents, a set of documents defining various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
+interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. These documents are listed below. Please consult the [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">PROV-OVERVIEW</a></cite>] for a guide to reading these documents.
+<ul>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-overview-20130312/">PROV-OVERVIEW</a> (To be published as Note), an overview of the PROV family of documents [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">PROV-OVERVIEW</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-primer-20130312/">PROV-PRIMER</a> (To be published as Note), a primer for the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-PRIMER">PROV-PRIMER</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/">PROV-O</a> (Proposed Recommendation), the PROV ontology, an OWL2 ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/">PROV-DM</a> (Proposed Recommendation), the PROV data model for provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/">PROV-N</a> (Proposed Recommendation), a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-constraints-20130312/">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a> (Proposed Recommendation), a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-xml-20130312/">PROV-XML</a> (To be published as Note), an XML schema for the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-aq-20130312/">PROV-AQ</a> (To be published as Note), the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>]; </li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dictionary-20130312/">PROV-DICTIONARY</a> (To be published as Note) introduces a specific type of collection, consisting of key-entity pairs [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DICTIONARY">PROV-DICTIONARY</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dc-20130312/">PROV-DC</a> (To be published as Note) provides a mapping between PROV and Dublic Core Terms [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DC">PROV-DC</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-sem-20130312/">PROV-SEM</a> (To be published as Note), a declarative specification in terms of first-order logic of the PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-SEM">PROV-SEM</a></cite>];</li>
+<li> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-links-20130312/">PROV-LINKS</a> (To be published as Note) introduces a mechanism to link across bundles (this document).</li>
+</ul>
+
+ <p>
+ This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/">Provenance Working Group</a> as a Working Draft.
+
+
+ If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to
+ <a href="mailto:public-prov-comments@w3.org">public-prov-comments@w3.org</a>
+ (<a href="mailto:public-prov-comments-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>,
+ <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/">archives</a>).
+
+
+
+
+ All comments are welcome.
+
+
+ </p><p>
+ Publication as a Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Membership.
+ This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at
+ any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.
+ </p>
+
+
+ <p>
+
+ This document was produced by a group operating under the
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent Policy</a>.
+
+ The group does not expect this document to become a <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Recommendation.
+
+
+ <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent disclosures</a>
+
+ made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for
+ disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the
+ information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section
+ 6 of the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent Policy</a>.
+
+
+ </p>
+
+
+
+
+</section><section id="toc"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#introduction" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-namespace" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.1 </span>PROV Namespace</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#conventions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.2 </span>Conventions</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-mention" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>Conceptual Definition of Mention</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#mention-ontology" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>Ontological Definition of Mention</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#mention-xml" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span>XML Schema for Mention</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#mention-constraints" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5. </span>Constraints associated with Mention</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#change-log-since-first-public-working-draft" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A. </span>Change Log Since First Public Working Draft</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B. </span>Acknowledgements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C. </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C.1 </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="introduction">
+<h2><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</h2>
+
+<p>
+The PROV data model [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] defines <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/">provenance</a>
+as a record that describes the people, institutions, entities, and
+activities involved in producing, influencing, or delivering a piece
+of data or a thing. The specifications [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>], [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>],
+[<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>], and [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>] have respectively defined the PROV
+ontology, the PROV conceptual model, the PROV notation, and the PROV
+XML schema, allowing provenance descriptions to be expressed,
+represented in various representations, and interchanged between systems across the Web.
+</p>
+
+<p>The provenance of information is crucial in deciding whether information is to be trusted, how it should be integrated with other diverse information sources, and how to give credit to its originators when reusing it. To support this, provenance itself should be trusted, and therefore, provenance of provenance is itself a critical aspect of an information infrastructure such as the Web. To this end, PROV introduces the concept of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/#concept-bundle">Bundle</a>: defined as a set of provenance descriptions; it is a mechanism by which provenance of provenance can be expressed (see also <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/#Bundle">Bundle</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>] and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-xml-20130312/#term-Bundle">Bundle</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-XML">PROV-XML</a></cite>]). With bundles, blobs of provenance descriptions can be given names and can themselves be regarded as entities, whose provenance can in turn be described using PROV. These blobs of provenance descriptions are independent of each other, as formalized by [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>] which determines their <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-constraints-20130312/#bundle-constraints">validity</a> by examining them in isolation of each other. </p>
+
+
+<p>In a distributed environment, it is common to encounter applications that involve multiple parties: it is a common situation that some party creates some data and its provenance, whereas another party consumes the data and its provenance. In such a situation, the consumer, when it in turn generates provenance, often wants to augment the descriptions of entities generated by another producer. For the consumer, it is not suitable to repeat the provenance created by the producer, and augment it according to their need. Instead, a consumer wants to <em>refer</em> to the description as created by the producer <em>in situ</em>, i.e. in its bundle, and <em>specialize it</em>, allowing the consumer to add their own view on this entity. Such a capability would allow parties to "stitch together" provenance descriptions that would otherwise be disconnected.</p>
+
+<p>While URIs are the Web mechanism by which entities can be assigned identities, URIs alone are not sufficient for our purpose. Indeed, the entity produced by the producer is given a URI, but the same entity, with the same URI, could also be described in other bundles, by this producer or third parties. It is the capability of referring to the description of the entity, as created by the producer in this specific bundle, that is of interest to us in this specification. </p>
+
+<p>This document introduces a new concept <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a> allowing an entity to be described as the specialization of another entity, itself described in another bundle. The document provides not only a conceptual definition of <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a>, but also the corresponding ontological, schema, and notational definitions, for the various representations of PROV. It also includes constraints that apply to this construct specifically. It is our aim to promote interoperability by defining <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a> conceptually and in the representations of PROV.</p>
+
+<div class="note"><div class="note-title"><span>Note</span></div><div class="">The concept <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a> is experimental, and for this reason was not defined in PROV recommendation-track documents. The Provenance Working Group is seeking feedback from the community on its usefulness in practical scenarios.
+</div></div>
+
+
+<section id="prov-namespace">
+<h3><span class="secno">1.1 </span>PROV Namespace</h3>
+<p>The PROV namespace URI is <span class="name">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</span> and prefix <span class="name">prov</span>.</p>
+<p> All the concepts, reserved names, classes, properties, attributes introduced in this specification belong to the PROV namespace.</p>
+</section>
+
+<section id="conventions">
+<h3><span class="secno">1.2 </span>Conventions</h3>
+
+<p>The key words "<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">MUST</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST NOT">MUST NOT</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="REQUIRED">REQUIRED</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="SHALL">SHALL</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="SHALL
+ NOT">SHALL
+ NOT</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="SHOULD">SHOULD</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="SHOULD NOT">SHOULD NOT</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="RECOMMENDED">RECOMMENDED</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="MAY">MAY</em>", and
+ "<em class="rfc2119" title="OPTIONAL">OPTIONAL</em>" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
+ [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC2119">RFC2119</a></cite>].</p>
+</section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-mention">
+<h2><span class="secno">2. </span>Conceptual Definition of Mention</h2>
+
+
+
+<p>An entity <span class="name">e1</span> may be mentioned in a bundle <span class="name">b</span>, which contains some
+ descriptions about this entity <span class="name">e1</span>: how <span class="name">e1</span> was generated and used, which activities <span class="name">e1</span> is involved with, the agents <span class="name">e1</span> is attributed to, etc.
+Other bundles may contain other descriptions about the same entity <span class="name">e1</span>.
+Some applications may want to augment
+the descriptions of entity <span class="name">e1</span> found in bundle <span class="name">b</span> with other information.
+To this end, PROV allows a new entity <span class="name">e2</span> to be created and defined as a specialization of the preceding entity <span class="name">e1</span>, and which presents at least an additional aspect: the bundle <span class="name">b</span> containing some descriptions of <span class="name">e1</span>. With this relation, applications that process <span class="name">e2</span>
+can know that the attributes of <span class="name">e2</span> may have been computed according to the descriptions of <span class="name">e1</span> in <span class="name">b</span>.
+(The term 'aspect' should be understood informally as "a particular part or feature of something"; the term is used in [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>]'s definitions of
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/#concept-entity">entity</a> (Section 5.1.1),
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/#concept-specialization">specialization</a> (Section 5.5.1),
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/#concept-alternate">alternate</a> (Section 5.5.2), and in
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-constraints-20130312/#entities-activities-and-agents">section 2.1</a> of [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>]).
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+ <a href="#figure-component5">Figure 1</a> depicts
+the relation MentionOf (concept <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a>) as a ternary relation.
+</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<span class="figure" id="fig-figure-1-uml-diagram-for-mention" style="max-width: 95%; ">
+<img src="figures/component5.png" alt="mention"><br>
+<span class="figcaption" id="figure-component5">Figure 1<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#figure-component5"><span class="diamond"> ◊:</span></a></sup> UML Diagram for Mention</span>
+</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Thus, a mention relates two entities with regard to a bundle.
+It is a special case of specialization.</p>
+
+
+<span class="glossary-ref"> The <dfn id="concept-mention" title="Mention" class="internalDFN">mention</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#concept-mention"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> of an entity in a bundle (containing a description of this entity) is another entity that is a specialization of the former and that presents at least the bundle as a further additional aspect. </span>
+
+
+
+<p>
+An entity is interpreted with respect to a bundle's description in a
+domain specific manner. The mention of this entity with respect to
+this bundle offers the opportunity to specialize it according to some
+domain-specific interpretation.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>A mention of an entity in a bundle results in a specialization of this entity with extra fixed aspects, including the bundle that it is described in.
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-mention">A <dfn title="mentionOf" id="dfn-mentionof" class="internalDFN">mention</dfn><sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-mentionof"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">prov:mentionOf(infra, supra, b)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="mention.specificEntity">specificEntity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">infra</span>)
+of the entity that is a mention of the general entity (<span class="name">supra</span>);</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="mention.generalEntity">generalEntity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">supra</span>) for an entity that appears in bundle <span class="name">b</span>.</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="mention.bundle">bundle</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">b</span>) of a bundle that contains a description of <span class="name">supra</span> and further constitutes one additional aspect presented by <span class="name">infra</span>.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<p>Like <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/#dfn-specializationof">specialization</a>, a mention is not, as defined here, an <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/#concept-influence">influence</a>, and therefore does not have an id and attributes.
+Its grammar, in the provenance notation, is written as follows.</p>
+
+<table class="grammar">
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr style="vertical-align: baseline; "> <td><a id="prod-mentionExpression" data-name="prod-mentionExpression"></a><span class="prodNo"></span> </td> <td><code class="production prod">mentionExpression</code></td> <td> ::= </td> <td><code class="content">"prov:mentionOf" "(" <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></span> "," <span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bIdentifier">bIdentifier</a></span> ")"</code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+<tbody class="prod"> <tr style="vertical-align: baseline; "> <td><a id="prod-bIdentifier" data-name="prod-bIdentifier"></a> </td> <td><code class="production prod">bIdentifier</code></td> <td> ::= </td> <td><code class="content"><span class="prod"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/#prod-identifier">identifier</a></span></code></td> </tr> </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>The following table summarizes how each constituent of a Mention maps to a syntax element, in the provenance notation.</p>
+<div style="text-align: left; ">
+<table class="thinborder" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<tbody><tr><td><b><a href="#dfn-mentionof">Mention</a></b></td><td><b>Non-Terminal</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td><td style="border-width: 0px; "></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="#mention.specificEntity"><span class="attribute" data-id="mention.specificEntity">specificEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td><a href="#mention.generalEntity"><span class="attribute" data-id="mention.generalEntity">generalEntity</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/#prod-eIdentifier">eIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="#mention.bundle"><span class="attribute" data-id="mention.bundle">bundle</span></a></td><td><code class="content"><a class="grammarRef" href="#prod-bIdentifier">bIdentifier</a></code></td></tr>
+
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+<p>We note that the concept <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a> is an extension of [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>], and therefore has to be prefixed,
+<span class="name">prov:mentionOf</span>, according the extensibility
+rules of the provenance notation [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>].</p>
+
+
+<p>
+Let us consider a bundle and the expression <span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> occuring in this bundle. The entity <span class="name">e1</span> may described in multiple other bundle <span class="name">b<sub>i</sub></span>.
+From <span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span>, one cannot infer <span class="name">prov:mentionOf(e2,e1,b)</span> for a given <span class="name">b</span>, since it is unknown which <span class="name">b<sub>i</sub></span>'s descriptions were used to computed additional aspects of <span class="name">e2</span>. Hence, <span class="name">prov:mentionOf</span> has to be asserted. </p>
+
+<p><a href="#mention-constraints" class="section-ref"><span>Section 5.</span></a> presents constraints applicable to <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a>, and in particular, the fact that an entity can be a <a href="#mention.specificEntity">specific entity</a> of a <a href="#concept-mention" class="internalDFN">Mention</a> at most once.</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-mention-rating"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 1<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#anexample-mention-rating"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>This example is concerned with a performance rating tool that reads and processes provenance to determine the performance of agents. To keep the example simple, an agent's performance is determined by the duration of the activities it is associated with. </p>
+<p>As an illustration, we consider two bundles <span class="name">ex:run1</span> and <span class="name">ex:run2</span> that refer to an agent <span class="name">ex:Bob</span> that controlled two activities <span class="name">ex:a1</span> and <span class="name">ex:a2</span>. </p>
+
+<pre class="codeexample">bundle ex:run1
+ activity(ex:a1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, 2011-11-16T17:00:00) //duration: 1hour
+ wasAssociatedWith(ex:a1, ex:Bob, [prov:role="controller"])
+endBundle
+
+bundle ex:run2
+ activity(ex:a2, 2011-11-17T10:00:00, 2011-11-17T17:00:00) //duration: 7hours
+ wasAssociatedWith(ex:a2, ex:Bob, [prov:role="controller"])
+endBundle
+</pre>
+<p>The performance rating tool reads these bundles, and rates the performance of the agent described in these bundles. The performance rating tool creates a new bundle <span class="name">tool:analysis01</span> containing the following. A new agent <span class="name">tool:Bob-2011-11-16</span> is declared as a mention of <span class="name">ex:Bob</span> as described in bundle <span class="name">ex:run1</span>, and likewise for <span class="name">tool:Bob-2011-11-17</span> with respect to <span class="name">ex:run2</span>. The tool adds a domain-specific performance attribute to each of these specialized entities as follows: the performance of the agent in the first bundle is judged to be good since the duration of <span class="name">ex:a1</span> is one hour, whereas it is judged to be bad in the second bundle since <span class="name">ex:a2</span>'s duration is seven hours. The attribute <span class="name">perf:rating</span> is an example of additional attribute of the specialized agents <span class="name">tool:Bob-2011-11-16</span> and <span class="name">tool:Bob-2011-11-17</span>.</p>
+
+<pre class="codeexample">bundle tool:analysis01
+ agent(tool:Bob-2011-11-16, [perf:rating="good"])
+ prov:mentionOf(tool:Bob-2011-11-16, ex:Bob, ex:run1)
+
+ agent(tool:Bob-2011-11-17, [perf:rating="bad"])
+ prov:mentionOf(tool:Bob-2011-11-17, ex:Bob, ex:run2)
+endBundle
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="aexample-mention-viz"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 2<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#aexample-mention-viz"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<p>Consider the following bundle of descriptions, in which derivation and generations have been identified.
+</p><pre class="codeexample">
+bundle obs:bundle1
+ entity(ex:report1, [ prov:type="report", ex:version=1 ])
+ wasGeneratedBy(ex:g1; ex:report1, -, 2012-05-24T10:00:01)
+ entity(ex:report2, [ prov:type="report", ex:version=2 ])
+ wasGeneratedBy(ex:g2; ex:report2, -, 2012-05-25T11:00:01)
+ wasDerivedFrom(ex:report2, ex:report1)
+endBundle
+entity(obs:bundle1, [ prov:type='prov:Bundle' ])
+wasAttributedTo(obs:bundle1, ex:observer01)
+</pre>
+Bundle <span class="name">obs:bundle1</span> is rendered by a visualisation tool. It may useful for the visualization layout of this bundle to be shared along with the provenance descriptions, so that other users can render provenance as it was originally rendered. The original bundle obviously cannot be changed. However, one can create a new bundle, as follows.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+bundle tool:bundle2
+ entity(tool:bundle2, [ prov:type='viz:Configuration', prov:type='prov:Bundle' ])
+ wasAttributedTo(tool:bundle2, viz:Visualizer)
+
+ entity(tool:report1, [ viz:color="orange" ])
+ prov:mentionOf(tool:report1, ex:report1, obs:bundle1)
+
+ entity(tool:report2, [ viz:color="blue" ])
+ prov:mentionOf(tool:report2, ex:report2, obs:bundle1)
+endBundle
+</pre>
+
+<p>In bundle <span class="name">tool:bundle2</span>, the prefix <span class="name">viz</span> is used for naming visualisation-specific attributes, types or values.</p>
+
+<p>This example is typical of a common situation in distributed environments, where the consumer and producer of provenance are different.</p>
+
+<p>Bundle <span class="name">tool:bundle2</span> is given type <span class="name">viz:Configuration</span> to indicate that it consists of descriptions that pertain to the configuration of the visualisation tool. This type attribute can be used for searching bundles containing visualization-related descriptions.
+</p>
+
+<p>The visualisation tool
+ created new identifiers <span class="name">tool:report1</span> and
+<span class="name">tool:report2</span>.
+They denote entities which are specializations of <span class="name">ex:report1</span> and <span class="name">ex:report2</span>, described in bundle <span class="name">obs:bundle1</span>, with visualization attribute for the color to be used when rendering these entities. </p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+
+
+<section id="mention-ontology">
+ <h2><span class="secno">3. </span>Ontological Definition of Mention</h2>
+
+<p>The ternary relation <a title="mentionOf" href="#dfn-mentionof" class="internalDFN">prov:mentionOf</a> is encoded as two properties:
+<a href="#mentionOf">prov:mentionOf</a> and
+<a href="#asInBundle">prov:asInBundle</a>, defined as follows.</p>
+
+<div class="entity" id="mentionOf">
+ <h2 id="property--prov-mentionof-op-----------------back-to-expanded-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#mentionOf"><span title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#mentionOf" class="dotted">prov:mentionOf</span></a> <sup title="object property" class="type-op">op</sup>
+
+ </h2>
+ <p><strong class="crossreference">IRI:</strong>http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#mentionOf</p>
+
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment "><p>When :x prov:mentionOf :y and :y is described in Bundle :b, the triple :x prov:asInBundle :b is also asserted to cite the Bundle in which :y was described.</p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="comment "><p>prov:asInBundle is used to cite the Bundle in which the generalization was mentioned.</p>
+ </div>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has super-properties</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a class="owlclass" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/#specializationOf" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#specializationOf">prov:specializationOf</a> <sup title="object property" class="type-op">op</sup>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a class="owlclass" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/#Entity" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a class="owlclass" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/#Entity" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></div>
+ </div>
+
+
+<div class="entity" id="asInBundle">
+ <h2 id="property--prov-asinbundle-op-----------------back-to-expanded-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#asInBundle"><span title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#asInBundle" class="dotted">prov:asInBundle</span></a> <sup title="object property" class="type-op">op</sup>
+ </h2>
+ <p><strong class="crossreference">IRI:</strong>http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#asInBundle</p>
+
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment "><p>When :x prov:mentionOf :y and :y is described in Bundle :b, the triple :x prov:asInBundle :b is also asserted to cite the Bundle in which :y was described.</p>
+ </div>
+ <dl>
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a class="owlclass" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/#Entity" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a class="owlclass" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/#Bundle" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Bundle">prov:Bundle</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></div>
+ </div>
+
+<div class="anexample" typeof="prov:Entity" data-about="#example-for-property-mentionOf" id="example_3"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 3<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_3"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+ <span resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#mentionOf" data-rel="dcterms:subject"></span>
+
+<p>We revisit <a href="#anexample-mention-rating" class="anexample-ref"><span>Example 1</span></a>, encoding in RDF the rating of Bob in the context of the second activity. For this, we use teh TRIG notation to express bundles
+<span class="name">:run2</span> and
+<span class="name">tool:analysis01</span>.</p>
+
+ <pre property="prov:value" resource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/tip/examples/eg-24-prov-o-html-examples/rdf/create/rdf/property_mentionOf.ttl" data-rel="prov:wasQuotedFrom">@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix tool: <http://example.com/tool/> .
+@prefix perf: <http://example.com/performance/> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+:run2 {
+ :activity_2
+ a prov:Activity;
+ prov:startedAtTime "2011-11-17T10:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime;
+ prov:endedAtTime "2011-11-17T17:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime;
+ prov:wasAssociatedWith :bob;
+ .
+}
+
+tool:analysis01 {
+ tool:bob-2011-11-17
+ a prov:Agent;
+ prov:mentionOf :bob;
+ prov:asInBundle :run2;
+ perf:rating perf:very-slow;
+ .
+
+ # This is inferred from prov:mentionOf
+ tool:bob-2011-11-17 prov:specializationOf :bob .
+
+ # This is inferred from prov:specializationOf
+ tool:bob-2011-11-17 prov:alternateOf :bob .
+}
+
+</pre>
+ </div>
+</section>
+
+
+<section id="mention-xml">
+ <h2><span class="secno">4. </span>XML Schema for Mention</h2>
+
+
+
+<p>Type definition in XML Schema:</p><pre class="schema-type"><xs:complexType xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="Mention">
+ <xs:sequence>
+ <xs:element name="specificEntity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="generalEntity" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ <xs:element name="bundle" type="prov:IDRef"/>
+ </xs:sequence>
+</xs:complexType>
+</pre>
+<p>Usage in XML:</p><pre class="schema-usage"><xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="mentionOf" type="prov:Mention" substitutionGroup="prov:internalElement"/>
+</pre>
+<div class="anexample" id="example_4"><div class="anexampleTitle">Example 4<sup><a class="internalDFN" href="#example_4"><span class="diamond"> ◊</span></a></sup></div>
+<pre><prov:document
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+ xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
+ xmlns:ex="http://example.com/ns/ex#"
+ xmlns:perf="http://example.com/ns/perf#"
+ xmlns:tool="http://example.com/ns/tool#">
+
+ <prov:bundleContent prov:id="ex:run1">
+ <prov:activity prov:id="ex:a1">
+ <prov:startTime>2011-11-16T16:00:00</prov:startTime>
+ <prov:endTime>2011-11-16T17:00:00</prov:endTime>
+ </prov:activity>
+
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:a1" />
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Bob" />
+ <prov:role xsi:type="xsd:QName">controller</prov:role>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ </prov:bundleContent>
+
+ <prov:bundleContent prov:id="ex:run2">
+ <prov:activity prov:id="ex:a2">
+ <prov:startTime>2011-11-17T10:00:00</prov:startTime>
+ <prov:endTime>2011-11-17T17:00:00</prov:endTime>
+ </prov:activity>
+
+ <prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ <prov:activity prov:ref="ex:a2" />
+ <prov:agent prov:ref="ex:Bob" />
+ <prov:role xsi:type="xsd:QName">controller</prov:role>
+ </prov:wasAssociatedWith>
+ </prov:bundleContent>
+
+ <prov:bundleContent prov:id="tool:analysis01">
+ <prov:agent prov:id="tool:Bob-2011-11-16">
+ <ex:perfrating>good</ex:perfrating>
+ </prov:agent>
+
+ <b><prov:mentionOf>
+ <prov:specificEntity prov:ref="tool:Bob-2011-11-16" />
+ <prov:generalEntity prov:ref="ex:Bob" />
+ <prov:bundle prov:ref="ex:run1" />
+ </prov:mentionOf></b>
+
+ <prov:agent prov:id="tool:Bob-2011-11-17">
+ <ex:perfrating>bad</ex:perfrating>
+ </prov:agent>
+
+ <b><prov:mentionOf>
+ <prov:specificEntity prov:ref="tool:Bob-2011-11-17" />
+ <prov:generalEntity prov:ref="ex:Bob" />
+ <prov:bundle prov:ref="ex:run2" />
+ </prov:mentionOf></b>
+ </prov:bundleContent>
+
+</prov:document></pre></div>
+</section>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<section id="mention-constraints">
+ <h2><span class="secno">5. </span>Constraints associated with Mention</h2>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <p id="mention-specialization-inference_text">If one entity is a mention of another in a bundle, then the former is also a specialization of the latter:</p>
+
+ <div class="inference" id="mention-specialization-inference">
+<p>
+<span class="conditional">IF</span> <span class="name">mentionOf(e2,e1,b)</span> <span class="conditional">THEN</span> <span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span>.</p>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+<div id="unique-mention_text">
+<p>An entity can be the subject of at most one mention relation.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="constraint" id="unique-mention">
+<p>
+<span class="conditional">IF</span> <span class="name">mentionOf(e, e1, b1)</span> and <span class="name">mentionOf(e, e2, b2)</span>,
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span> <span class="name">e1</span>=<span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">b1</span>=<span class="name">b2</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section class="appendix" id="change-log-since-first-public-working-draft">
+ <h2><span class="secno">A. </span>Change Log Since First Public Working Draft</h2>
+<ul>
+<li> Checked all internal fragments resolved.
+</li><li> Changed the status of this document section: added new documents to the PROV Family of Document, and removed the how to read section, referring instead to PROV-OVERVIEW.
+</li><li> Changed all URLs to PROV documents.
+</li><li> Updated XML schema definition.
+</li><li> Updated affiliations.
+</li><li> Added namespace and convention sections.
+</li><li> Updated grammar to make prov prefix explicit.
+</li><li> Added new paragraph in introduction.
+</li><li> Moved "inferred statements" into named graph tool:analysis01 in Example 3.
+</li><li> Added comment on TRIG notation.
+</li><li> Updated xml example with new syntax of bundles.
+</li></ul>
+</section>
+
+<section class="appendix" id="acknowledgements">
+ <h2><span class="secno">B. </span>Acknowledgements</h2>
+ <p>
+
+This document has been produced by the PROV Working Group, and its contents reflect extensive discussion within the Working Group as a whole. The editors extend special thanks to Ivan Herman (<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>/<abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr>).
+ </p>
+
+<p>
+Members of the PROV Working Group at the time of publication of this document were:
+
+Ilkay Altintas (Invited expert),
+Reza B'Far (Oracle Corporation),
+Khalid Belhajjame (University of Manchester),
+James Cheney (University of Edinburgh, School of Informatics),
+Sam Coppens (iMinds - Ghent University),
+David Corsar (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science),
+Stephen Cresswell (The National Archives),
+Tom De Nies (iMinds - Ghent University),
+Helena Deus (DERI Galway at the National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland),
+Simon Dobson (Invited expert),
+Martin Doerr (Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas(FORTH)),
+Kai Eckert (Invited expert),
+Jean-Pierre EVAIN (European Broadcasting Union, EBU-UER),
+James Frew (Invited expert),
+Irini Fundulaki (Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas(FORTH)),
+Daniel Garijo (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid),
+Yolanda Gil (Invited expert),
+Ryan Golden (Oracle Corporation),
+Paul Groth (Vrije Universiteit),
+Olaf Hartig (Invited expert),
+David Hau (National Cancer Institute, NCI),
+Sandro Hawke (<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>/<abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr>),
+Jörn Hees (German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) Gmbh),
+Ivan Herman, (<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>/<abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr>),
+Ralph Hodgson (TopQuadrant),
+Hook Hua (Invited expert),
+Trung Dong Huynh (University of Southampton),
+Graham Klyne (University of Oxford),
+Michael Lang (Revelytix, Inc.),
+Timothy Lebo (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+James McCusker (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Deborah McGuinness (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Simon Miles (Invited expert),
+Paolo Missier (School of Computing Science, Newcastle university),
+Luc Moreau (University of Southampton),
+James Myers (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Vinh Nguyen (Wright State University),
+Edoardo Pignotti (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science),
+Paulo da Silva Pinheiro (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Carl Reed (Open Geospatial Consortium),
+Adam Retter (Invited Expert),
+Christine Runnegar (Invited expert),
+Satya Sahoo (Invited expert),
+David Schaengold (Revelytix, Inc.),
+Daniel Schutzer (FSTC, Financial Services Technology Consortium),
+Yogesh Simmhan (Invited expert),
+Stian Soiland-Reyes (University of Manchester),
+Eric Stephan (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory),
+Linda Stewart (The National Archives),
+Ed Summers (Library of Congress),
+Maria Theodoridou (Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas(FORTH)),
+Ted Thibodeau (OpenLink Software Inc.),
+Curt Tilmes (National Aeronautics and Space Administration),
+Craig Trim (IBM Corporation),
+Stephan Zednik (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute),
+Jun Zhao (University of Oxford),
+Yuting Zhao (University of Aberdeen, Computing Science).
+</p>
+ </section>
+
+
+
+
+<section id="references" class="appendix"><h2><span class="secno">C. </span>References</h2><section id="informative-references"><h3><span class="secno">C.1 </span>Informative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-PROV-AQ">[PROV-AQ]</dt><dd>Graham Klyne; Paul Groth; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-aq-20130430/"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-aq-20130312/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-aq-20130430/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-aq-20130430/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-CONSTRAINTS">[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]</dt><dd>James Cheney; Paolo Missier; Luc Moreau; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-constraints-20130430/"><cite>Constraints of the PROV Data Model</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, W3C Proposed Recommendation. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-constraints-20130312/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-constraints-20130430/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-constraints-20130430/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-DC">[PROV-DC]</dt><dd>Daniel Garijo; Kai Eckert; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dc-20130430/"><cite>Dublin Core to PROV Mapping</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dc-20130312/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dc-20130430/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dc-20130430/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-DICTIONARY">[PROV-DICTIONARY]</dt><dd>Tom De Nies; Sam Coppens; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/"><cite>PROV Dictionary</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-dictionary-20130312/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-DM">[PROV-DM]</dt><dd>Luc Moreau; Paolo Missier; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/"><cite>PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, W3C Proposed Recommendation. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-dm-20130312/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-N">[PROV-N]</dt><dd>Luc Moreau; Paolo Missier; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/"><cite>PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, W3C Proposed Recommendation. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-n-20130312/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-O">[PROV-O]</dt><dd>Timothy Lebo; Satya Sahoo; Deborah McGuinness; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-o-20130430/"><cite>PROV-O: The PROV Ontology</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, W3C Proposed Recommendation. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/PR-prov-o-20130312/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-o-20130430/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-o-20130430/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-OVERVIEW">[PROV-OVERVIEW]</dt><dd>Paul Groth; Luc Moreau; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-overview-20130430/"><cite>PROV-OVERVIEW: An Overview of the PROV Family of Documents</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-overview-20130312/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-overview-20130430/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-overview-20130430/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-PRIMER">[PROV-PRIMER]</dt><dd>Yolanda Gil; Simon Miles; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-primer-20130430/"><cite>PROV Model Primer</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-primer-20130312/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-primer-20130430/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-primer-20130430/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-SEM">[PROV-SEM]</dt><dd>James Cheney; ed. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-sem-20130430"><cite>Semantics of the PROV Data Model</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-sem-20130312</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-sem-20130430"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-sem-20130430</span></a>.
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-XML">[PROV-XML]</dt><dd>Hook Hua; Curt Tilmes; Stephan Zednik; eds. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-xml-20130430/"><cite>PROV-XML: The PROV XML Schema</cite></a>. 12 March 2013, Working Draft. URL: <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-prov-xml-20130312/</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-xml-20130430/"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-xml-20130430/</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC2119">[RFC2119]</dt><dd>S. Bradner. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><cite>Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.</cite></a> March 1997. Internet RFC 2119. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a>
+</dd></dl></section></section></body></html>
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