--- a/spec/ED/json-ld-api/20120112/diff-20111023.html Wed Jan 11 16:36:47 2012 -0800
+++ b/spec/ED/json-ld-api/20120112/diff-20111023.html Wed Jan 11 16:40:12 2012 -0800
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@
<h2 id="unofficial-draft-12-january-2012">
Unofficial
Draft
-<del class="diff-old">16
+<del class="diff-old">24
October
2011
</del>
@@ -612,7 +612,7 @@
</dd>
</dl>
<p>
-<ins class="diff-new">This
+This
document
is
also
@@ -621,12 +621,13 @@
this
non-normative
format:
-</ins><a href="diff-20111023.html"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a href="diff-20111023.html">
diff
to
previous
version
-</ins></a>.</p>
+</a>.
+</p>
<p class="copyright">
This
document
@@ -810,11 +811,15 @@
<span class="secno">
1.2
</span>
-<ins class="diff-new">Linked
+Linked
Data
-</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#contributing" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#contributing" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
1.3
-</ins></span>
+</span>
Contributing
</a>
</li>
@@ -904,51 +909,81 @@
</span>
Context
</a>
-<del class="diff-old">3.3.1
-Coerce
-3.3.2
-Initial
-Context
-</del>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#iri-expansion" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
3.4
</span>
-<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
-IRI
-</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">Value
+Compaction
+</del>
+<del class="diff-old">3.5
Expansion
+3.5.1
+</del>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+<ins class="diff-chg">IRI
+</ins></abbr>
+Expansion
+<del class="diff-old">Algorithm
+</del>
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#iri-compaction" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
-3.5
-</span>
-<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
-IRI
-</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">3.6
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.5
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Compaction
+</del>
+<del class="diff-old">3.6.1
+</del>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+<ins class="diff-chg">IRI
+</ins></abbr>
Compaction
-</a>
-</li>
+<del class="diff-old">Algorithm
+</del>
+</a>
+</li>
+<del class="diff-old">3.7
+Framing
+</del>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#value-expansion" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
-3.6
-</span>
-Value
+<del class="diff-old">3.7.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.6
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Framing
+Algorithm
+Terms
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Value
Expansion
+</ins>
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#value-compaction" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
-3.7
-</span>
-Value
+<del class="diff-old">3.7.2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.7
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Framing
+Algorithm
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Value
Compaction
+</ins>
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
@@ -956,7 +991,10 @@
<span class="secno">
3.8
</span>
-Expansion
+<del class="diff-old">Normalization
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Expansion
+</ins>
</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline">
@@ -964,140 +1002,169 @@
<span class="secno">
3.8.1
</span>
-Expansion
-Algorithm
-</a>
-</li>
+<del class="diff-old">Normalization
+Algorithm
+Terms
+3.8.2
+Normalization
+State
+3.8.3
+Normalization
+Algorithm
+3.8.4
+Node
+Relabeling
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Expansion
+</ins>
+Algorithm
+</a>
+</li>
+<del class="diff-old">3.8.5
+Deterministic
+Labeling
+Algorithm
+</del>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#compaction" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
-3.9
-</span>
-Compaction
+<del class="diff-old">3.8.6
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.9
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Shallow
+Comparison
+Algorithm
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Compaction
+</ins>
</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#compaction-algorithm" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
-3.9.1
-</span>
-Compaction
+<del class="diff-old">3.8.7
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.9.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Object
+Comparison
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Compaction
+</ins>
+Algorithm
+</a>
+</li>
+<del class="diff-old">3.8.8
+Deep
+Comparison
+Algorithm
+</del>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#framing" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">3.8.9
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.10
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Node
+Serialization
+Algorithm
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Framing
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ul class="toc">
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#framing-algorithm-terms" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">3.8.10
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.10.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Serialization
+Label
+Generation
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Framing
+</ins>
+Algorithm
+<ins class="diff-new">Terms
+</ins>
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#framing-algorithm" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">3.8.11
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.10.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Combinatorial
+Serialization
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Framing
+</ins>
+Algorithm
+</a>
+</li>
+<del class="diff-old">3.8.12
+Serialization
+Comparison
+Algorithm
+</del>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#normalization" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">3.8.13
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.11
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Mapping
+Serialization
+Algorithm
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Normalization
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ul class="toc">
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#normalization-algorithm" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">3.8.14
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.11.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Label
+Serialization
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Normalization
+</ins>
Algorithm
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#framing" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-3.10
-</span>
-Framing
-</a>
-<ul class="toc">
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#framing-algorithm-terms" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-3.10.1
-</span>
-Framing
-Algorithm
-Terms
-</a>
-</li>
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#framing-algorithm" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-3.10.2
-</span>
-Framing
-Algorithm
-</a>
-</li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#normalization" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-3.11
-</span>
-Normalization
-</a>
-<ul class="toc">
-<li class="tocline">
-<del class="diff-old">3.11.1
-Normalization
-Algorithm
-Terms
-3.11.2
-Normalization
-State
-</del>
-<a href="#normalization-algorithm" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">3.11.3
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">3.11.1
-</ins>
-</span>
-Normalization
-Algorithm
-</a>
-</li>
-<del class="diff-old">3.11.4
-Node
-Relabeling
-Algorithm
-3.11.5
-Deterministic
-Labeling
-Algorithm
-3.11.6
-Shallow
-Comparison
-Algorithm
-3.11.7
-Object
-Comparison
-Algorithm
-3.11.8
-Deep
-Comparison
-Algorithm
-3.11.9
-Node
-Serialization
-Algorithm
-3.11.10
-Serialization
-Label
-Generation
-Algorithm
-3.11.11
-Combinatorial
-Serialization
-Algorithm
-3.11.12
-Serialization
-Comparison
-Algorithm
-3.11.13
-Mapping
-Serialization
-Algorithm
-3.11.14
-Label
-Serialization
-Algorithm
-</del>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li class="tocline">
<a href="#data-round-tripping" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
-3.12
+<del class="diff-old">3.9
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.12
+</ins>
</span>
Data
Round
@@ -1107,7 +1174,10 @@
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#rdf-conversion" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
-3.13
+<del class="diff-old">3.10
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.13
+</ins>
</span>
RDF
Conversion
@@ -1116,7 +1186,10 @@
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#overview" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
-3.13.1
+<del class="diff-old">3.10.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.13.1
+</ins>
</span>
Overview
</a>
@@ -1124,7 +1197,10 @@
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#rdf-conversion-algorithm-terms" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
-3.13.2
+<del class="diff-old">3.10.2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.13.2
+</ins>
</span>
RDF
Conversion
@@ -1135,7 +1211,10 @@
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#rdf-conversion-algorithm" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
-3.13.3
+<del class="diff-old">3.10.3
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.13.3
+</ins>
</span>
RDF
Conversion
@@ -1145,7 +1224,10 @@
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#list-conversion" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
-3.13.4
+<del class="diff-old">3.10.4
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.13.4
+</ins>
</span>
<del class="diff-old">Acknowledgements
</del>
@@ -1978,12 +2060,9 @@
JSON-LD
is
a
-<del class="diff-old">directed
-</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data_graph" href="#dfn-linked_data_graph">
-<ins class="diff-chg">linked
+linked
data
-</ins>
graph
</a>,
which
@@ -2128,17 +2207,18 @@
<span class="secno">
1.2
</span>
-<ins class="diff-new">Linked
+Linked
Data
-</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-new">
+</h3>
+<p>
The
following
definition
for
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data" href="#dfn-linked_data"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data" href="#dfn-linked_data">
Linked
Data
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
is
the
one
@@ -2149,10 +2229,13 @@
for
this
specification.
-</ins></p><ol><li><dfn title="linked_data" id="dfn-linked_data"><ins class="diff-new">
+</p>
+<ol>
+<li>
+<dfn title="linked_data" id="dfn-linked_data">
Linked
Data
-</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-new">
+</dfn>
is
a
set
@@ -2167,13 +2250,14 @@
linked
data
graph.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+</li>
+<li>
A
-</ins><dfn title="linked_data_graph" id="dfn-linked_data_graph"><ins class="diff-new">
+<dfn title="linked_data_graph" id="dfn-linked_data_graph">
linked
data
graph
-</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-new">
+</dfn>
is
an
unordered
@@ -2183,54 +2267,59 @@
where
nodes
are
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="subject" href="#dfn-subject"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="subject" href="#dfn-subject">
subject
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
s
or
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="object" href="#dfn-object"><ins class="diff-new">
-object
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="object" href="#dfn-object">
+object
+</a>
s,
and
edges
are
properties.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+</li>
+<li>
A
-</ins><dfn title="subject" id="dfn-subject"><ins class="diff-new">
+<dfn title="subject" id="dfn-subject">
subject
-</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-new">
+</dfn>
is
any
node
in
a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data_graph" href="#dfn-linked_data_graph"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data_graph" href="#dfn-linked_data_graph">
linked
data
graph
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
with
at
least
one
outgoing
edge.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+</li>
+<li>
A
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="subject" href="#dfn-subject"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="subject" href="#dfn-subject">
subject
-</ins></a><em class="rfc2119" title="should"><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
+<em class="rfc2119" title="should">
should
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+</em>
be
labeled
with
an
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>
(an
Internationalized
Resource
@@ -2239,157 +2328,185 @@
described
in
[
-</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3987"><ins class="diff-new">
+<cite>
+<a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3987">
RFC3987
-</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
+</cite>
]).
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+</li>
+<li>
An
-</ins><dfn title="object" id="dfn-object"><ins class="diff-new">
-object
-</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-new">
-is
-a
-node
-in
-a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data_graph" href="#dfn-linked_data_graph"><ins class="diff-new">
+<dfn title="object" id="dfn-object">
+object
+</dfn>
+is
+a
+node
+in
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data_graph" href="#dfn-linked_data_graph">
linked
data
graph
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
with
at
least
one
incoming
edge.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+</li>
+<li>
An
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="object" href="#dfn-object"><ins class="diff-new">
-object
-</ins></a><em class="rfc2119" title="may"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="object" href="#dfn-object">
+object
+</a>
+<em class="rfc2119" title="may">
may
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+</em>
be
labeled
with
an
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
An
object
-</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="may"><ins class="diff-new">
+<em class="rfc2119" title="may">
may
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
-be
-a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="subject" href="#dfn-subject"><ins class="diff-new">
+</em>
+be
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="subject" href="#dfn-subject">
subject
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-and
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="object" href="#dfn-object"><ins class="diff-new">
-object
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
+and
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="object" href="#dfn-object">
+object
+</a>
at
the
same
time.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+</li>
+<li>
A
-</ins><dfn title="property" id="dfn-property"><ins class="diff-new">
-property
-</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-new">
+<dfn title="property" id="dfn-property">
+property
+</dfn>
is
an
edge
of
the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data_graph" href="#dfn-linked_data_graph"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data_graph" href="#dfn-linked_data_graph">
linked
data
graph
-</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
A
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="property" href="#dfn-property"><ins class="diff-new">
-property
-</ins></a><em class="rfc2119" title="should"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="property" href="#dfn-property">
+property
+</a>
+<em class="rfc2119" title="should">
should
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+</em>
be
labeled
with
an
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
An
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-new">
-that
-is
-a
-label
-in
-a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data_graph" href="#dfn-linked_data_graph"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>
+that
+is
+a
+label
+in
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data_graph" href="#dfn-linked_data_graph">
linked
data
graph
-</ins></a><em class="rfc2119" title="should"><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
+<em class="rfc2119" title="should">
should
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+</em>
be
dereferencable
to
a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data" href="#dfn-linked_data"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data" href="#dfn-linked_data">
Linked
Data
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
document
describing
the
labeled
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="subject" href="#dfn-subject"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="subject" href="#dfn-subject">
subject
-</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="object" href="#dfn-object"><ins class="diff-new">
-object
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-or
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="property" href="#dfn-property"><ins class="diff-new">
-property
-</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>,
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="object" href="#dfn-object">
+object
+</a>
+or
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="property" href="#dfn-property">
+property
+</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
A
-</ins><dfn title="literal" id="dfn-literal"><ins class="diff-new">
+<dfn title="literal" id="dfn-literal">
literal
-</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-new">
-is
-an
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="object" href="#dfn-object"><ins class="diff-new">
-object
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-with
-a
-label
-that
-is
-not
-an
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr></a></li></ol><p><ins class="diff-new">
+</dfn>
+is
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="object" href="#dfn-object">
+object
+</a>
+with
+a
+label
+that
+is
+not
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>
+</li>
+</ol>
+<p>
Note
that
the
definition
for
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data" href="#dfn-linked_data"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data" href="#dfn-linked_data">
Linked
Data
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
above
is
silent
@@ -2404,10 +2521,10 @@
are
not
considered
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data" href="#dfn-linked_data"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data" href="#dfn-linked_data">
Linked
Data
-</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
+</a>.
However,
this
specification
@@ -2442,9 +2559,13 @@
not
directly
de-referenceable.
-</ins></p></div><div id="contributing" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id="contributing" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
1.3
-</ins></span>
+</span>
Contributing
</h3>
<p>
@@ -5037,10 +5158,6 @@
used
to
resolve
-<del class="diff-old">prefix
-es
-and
-</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
@@ -5169,19 +5286,13 @@
active
context
</a>,
-<del class="diff-old">current
-</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject">
-<ins class="diff-chg">active
-</ins>
+active
subject
</a>,
and
-<del class="diff-old">current
-</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property">
-<ins class="diff-chg">active
-</ins>
+active
property
</a>.
The
@@ -5262,12 +5373,14 @@
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="term" id="dfn-term">
-<ins class="diff-new">term
-</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
A
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
is
a
short
@@ -5275,31 +5388,38 @@
defined
with
a
-</ins><a href="#context"><ins class="diff-new">
-context
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-that
-</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="may"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a href="#context">
+context
+</a>
+that
+<em class="rfc2119" title="may">
may
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+</em>
be
expanded
to
an
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr></a></dd><dt><dfn title="prefix" id="dfn-prefix"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<dfn title="prefix" id="dfn-prefix">
prefix
-</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
A
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">
prefix
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-is
-a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
+is
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
that
expands
to
@@ -5307,9 +5427,11 @@
Web
Vocabulary
base
-</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr>.<ins class="diff-new">
+<del class="diff-old">IRI.
+</del>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+<ins class="diff-chg">IRI
+</ins></abbr>.
It
is
typically
@@ -5317,33 +5439,37 @@
along
with
a
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
+<em>
suffix
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+</em>
to
create
an
-</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
within
a
Web
Vocabulary.
-</ins></dd><dt><dfn title="plain_literal" id="dfn-plain_literal"><ins class="diff-new">
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<dfn title="plain_literal" id="dfn-plain_literal">
plain
literal
-</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
A
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="plain_literal" href="#dfn-plain_literal"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="plain_literal" href="#dfn-plain_literal">
plain
literal
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-is
-a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="literal" href="#dfn-literal"><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
+is
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="literal" href="#dfn-literal">
literal
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
without
a
datatype,
@@ -5351,32 +5477,38 @@
including
a
language.
-</ins></dd><dt><dfn title="typed_literal" id="dfn-typed_literal"><ins class="diff-new">
-typed
-literal
-</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
-A
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed_literal" href="#dfn-typed_literal"><ins class="diff-new">
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<dfn title="typed_literal" id="dfn-typed_literal">
typed
literal
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-is
-a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="literal" href="#dfn-literal"><ins class="diff-new">
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+A
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed_literal" href="#dfn-typed_literal">
+typed
literal
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-with
-an
-associated
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
+is
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="literal" href="#dfn-literal">
+literal
+</a>
+with
+an
+associated
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>
which
indicates
the
literal's
datatype.
-</ins></dd>
+</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div id="context-1" class="section">
@@ -5559,8 +5691,7 @@
string
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
-<ins class="diff-new">array
-</ins>
+array
</a>
or
a
@@ -5593,47 +5724,48 @@
</a>.
</li>
<li>
-<del class="diff-old">If
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Let
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
-value
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
-be
-</ins>
-the
-value
-<ins class="diff-new">of
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+Let
+<em>
+value
+</em>
+be
+the
+value
+of
+<code>
@context
-</ins></code><ol id="process-context" class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
-If
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
-value
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
-is
-an
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-new">
-array
-</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+</code>
+<ol id="process-context" class="algorithm">
+<li>
+If
+<em>
+value
+</em>
+is
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
+array
+</a>,
process
each
element
as
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
-value
-</ins></em>,<ins class="diff-new">
+<em>
+value
+</em>,
in
order
using
-</ins><a href="#process-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a href="#process-context">
Step
2
-</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
-If
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
-value
-</ins></em>
+</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+If
+<em>
+value
+</em>
is
a
simple
@@ -5649,101 +5781,118 @@
lexical
form
of
-<ins class="diff-new">absolute
+<del class="diff-old">IRI.
+Set
+value
+to
+the
+result
+of
+performing
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">absolute
</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
-<del class="diff-old">and
-used
-to
-initialize
+<del class="diff-old">Expansion
+on
+value
+.
</del>
</abbr>.
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Dereference
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
-value
-</ins></em>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+<del class="diff-old">If
+value
+does
+is
+not
+an
+absolute
+IRI,
+abort
+this
+processing
+step.
+Otherwise,
+</del>
+Dereference
+<em>
+value
+</em>.
+</li>
+<li>
If
the
resulting
document
is
-</ins>
-a
-<del class="diff-old">new
-</del>
-JSON
-<del class="diff-old">document
-which
-replaces
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">document,
+a
+JSON
+document,
extract
-</ins>
-the
-<ins class="diff-new">top-level
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+the
+top-level
+<code>
@context
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+</code>
element
using
the
JSON
Pointer
-"/@context"
+<del class="diff-old">"/@context"
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">"/@context"
+</ins>
as
described
in
[
-</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-JSON-POINTER"><ins class="diff-new">
+<cite>
+<a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-JSON-POINTER">
JSON-POINTER
-</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
+</cite>
].
Set
-</ins><em>
-value
-<del class="diff-old">for
-subsequent
-processing.
-</del>
-</em>
-<ins class="diff-chg">to
+<em>
+value
+</em>
+to
the
extracted
content,
or
an
empty
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json_object" href="#dfn-json_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json_object" href="#dfn-json_object">
JSON
Object
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+</a>
if
no
value
exists.
-</ins>
-</li>
-<li>
-<del class="diff-old">If
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Merge
-the
-of
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+</li>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-new">Merge
+the
+of
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-new">
local
context
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
into
-</ins>
-the
-<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context">
-<ins class="diff-new">active
-context
-</ins></a>.</li></ol></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
-If
-</ins><em>
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>.</li></ol></li>
+</ol>
+</li>
+<li>
+If
+<em>
value
</em>
is
@@ -5759,13 +5908,9 @@
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
-<del class="diff-old">the
-JSON
-object
-</del>
-<em>
-<ins class="diff-chg">value
-</ins></em>
+<em>
+value
+</em>
has
a
<code>
@@ -5842,22 +5987,10 @@
each
key
in
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
-value
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
-having
-</ins>
-the
-<del class="diff-old">JSON
-object
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">lexical
-form
-of
-</ins><cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/#NT-NCName"><ins class="diff-chg">
-NCName
-</ins>
-</a>
+</ins>
+<em>
+value
+</em>
<del class="diff-old">has
a
@vocab
@@ -5866,28 +5999,35 @@
must
have
a
-</del>
-</cite>
-<ins class="diff-chg">(see
+value
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">having
+the
+lexical
+form
+</ins>
+of
+<cite>
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/#NT-NCName">
+<ins class="diff-new">NCName
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-new">
+(see
[
-</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XML-NAMES"><ins class="diff-chg">
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XML-NAMES"><ins class="diff-new">
XML-NAMES
-</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-new">
]),
or
is
an
empty
string,
-</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
If
the
key's
-</ins>
-value
-<del class="diff-old">of
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">is
+value
+is
</ins>
a
simple
@@ -5951,21 +6091,90 @@
the
associated
value.
-If
-the
-<del class="diff-old">JSON
-object
-has
-a
-@coerce
-key,
+<ins class="diff-new">If
+the
+result
+of
+the
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
+mapping
+is
+an
+absolute
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr>,<ins class="diff-new">
+merge
+the
+key-value
+pair
+into
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-new">
+local
+context
+</ins></a><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term_mapping" href="#dfn-term_mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+mapping
+</ins></a>.
+</li>
+<li id="object-context">
+<ins class="diff-new">Otherwise,
+the
+key's
+value
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-new">
+must
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+be
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json_object" href="#dfn-json_object"><ins class="diff-new">
+JSON
+object
+</ins></a>.<ol class="algorithm">
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">If
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+</ins>
+value
+<em class="rfc2119" title="must">
+<ins class="diff-new">must
+</ins>
+</em>
+<del class="diff-old">has
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">have
+</ins>
+a
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@coerce
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@id
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">key,
it
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key
+with
+a
+string
+value,
+the
+value
+</ins>
+<em class="rfc2119" title="must">
must
+</em>
have
-a
-value
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">result
+<del class="diff-old">a
+value
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+form
</ins>
of
<del class="diff-old">a
@@ -5974,6 +6183,17 @@
.
Add
</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
+<ins class="diff-chg">term
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix"><ins class="diff-chg">
+prefix
+</ins></a>:suffix,<ins class="diff-chg">
+absolute
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Determine
+</ins>
the
<del class="diff-old">@coerce
</del>
@@ -5982,8 +6202,36 @@
</ins></abbr>
mapping
<del class="diff-old">to
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">is
+the
+local
+context
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+by
+</ins>
+performing
+<a href="#iri-expansion">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+Expansion
+</a>
+on
+the
+associated
+<del class="diff-old">value(s).
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value.
+If
+the
+result
+of
+the
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+mapping
+is
an
absolute
</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
@@ -5994,75 +6242,43 @@
key-value
pair
into
-</ins>
-the
-<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context">
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
local
context
-</a>
-<del class="diff-old">performing
-IRI
-Expansion
-on
-the
-associated
-value(s).
-</del>
-<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term_mapping" href="#dfn-term_mapping">
-<ins class="diff-chg">term
+</ins></a><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term_mapping" href="#dfn-term_mapping"><ins class="diff-chg">
+term
mapping
</ins></a>.
</li>
-<li id="object-context">
-Otherwise,
-the
-<del class="diff-old">key
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">key's
-value
-</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-chg">
-must
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
-be
-a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json_object" href="#dfn-json_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
-JSON
-object
-</ins></a>.<ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-The
+<li>
+If
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+</ins>
+value
+has
+a
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@language
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@type
+</ins>
+</code>
+key,
+<del class="diff-old">it
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
value
</ins>
<em class="rfc2119" title="must">
must
</em>
have
-<ins class="diff-new">a
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-@id
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
-key
-with
-a
-string
-value,
-</ins>
-the
-<del class="diff-old">lexical
+<del class="diff-old">a
+value
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
form
-of
-NCName
-and
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">value
-</ins>
-<em class="rfc2119" title="must">
-must
-</em>
-have
-the
-<del class="diff-old">value
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">form
</ins>
of
<del class="diff-old">a
@@ -6077,120 +6293,28 @@
absolute
</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
IRI
-</ins></abbr>.<ins class="diff-chg">
-Determine
-the
-</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
-mapping
-value
-by
-performing
-</ins><a href="#iri-expansion"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
-Expansion
-</ins>
-</a>
-<del class="diff-old">with
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">on
-</ins>
-the
-<del class="diff-old">lexical
-form
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">associated
-value.
-If
-the
-result
-</ins>
-of
-<del class="diff-old">IRI.
-Merge
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">the
-</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
-mapping
-is
-an
-absolute
-</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr>,<ins class="diff-chg">
-merge
-</ins>
-the
-key-value
-pair
-into
-the
-<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context">
-local
-context
-</a>
-<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term_mapping" href="#dfn-term_mapping">
-<ins class="diff-new">term
-mapping
-</ins>
-</a>.
-</li>
-<li>
-<del class="diff-old">Merge
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">If
-the
-value
-has
-a
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@type
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-key,
-</ins>
-the
-<ins class="diff-new">value
-</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-new">
-must
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
-have
-the
-form
-</ins>
-of
-<del class="diff-old">local
-context
-</del>
-<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
-<ins class="diff-chg">term
-</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix"><ins class="diff-chg">
-prefix
-</ins></a>:suffix,<ins class="diff-chg">
-absolute
-</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
-or
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword"><ins class="diff-chg">
+</ins></abbr>
+or
+<ins class="diff-new">the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword"><ins class="diff-new">
keyword
-</ins>
-</a>
-<del class="diff-old">'s
-</del>
-<code>
-<del class="diff-old">@coerce
+</ins></a>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">null
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">@id
-</ins></code>.<ins class="diff-chg">
-Determine
-the
-</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
-IRI
+</ins>
+</code>.
+<del class="diff-old">Add
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Determine
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">language
+to
+</del>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+<ins class="diff-chg">IRI
</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
by
performing
@@ -6210,80 +6334,19 @@
the
</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
IRI
-</ins></abbr>
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
mapping
-<ins class="diff-new">is
+is
an
absolute
-</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
-or
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-@id
-</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-new">
-merge
-</ins>
-into
-the
-<del class="diff-old">active
-</del>
-<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context">
-<ins class="diff-chg">local
-</ins>
-context
-</a>
-<del class="diff-old">'s
-@coerce
-</del>
-<a class="tref internalDFN" title="coercion_mapping" href="#dfn-coercion_mapping">
-<ins class="diff-chg">coercion
-</ins>
-mapping
-<del class="diff-old">as
-described
-below
-</del>
-</a>.
-</li>
-<li>
-<del class="diff-old">Merge
-all
-entries
-other
-than
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">If
-</ins>
-the
-<ins class="diff-new">value
-has
-a
-</ins>
-<code>
-<del class="diff-old">@coerce
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">@list
-</ins>
-</code>
-<del class="diff-old">mapping
-from
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">key,
-the
-value
-</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-chg">
-must
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
-be
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-true
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
or
</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-false
-</ins></code>.<ins class="diff-chg">
-Merge
+@id
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+merge
into
</ins>
the
@@ -6291,34 +6354,88 @@
local
context
</a>
-<del class="diff-old">to
-the
-active
-context
-overwriting
-any
-duplicate
-values.
-</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="coercion_mapping" href="#dfn-coercion_mapping">
+<ins class="diff-new">coercion
+mapping
+</ins>
+</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Otherwise,
+for
+each
+key
+in
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">If
+the
+</ins>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">having
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">has
+a
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@list
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key,
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">lexical
+form
+of
+NCName
+,
+it's
+</del>
+value
+<em class="rfc2119" title="must">
+must
+</em>
+<del class="diff-old">have
+</del>
+be
+<del class="diff-old">a
+simple
+string
+with
+the
+lexical
+form
+of
+IRI.
+</del>
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">true
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+false
+</ins></code>.
+Merge
+<del class="diff-old">the
+key-value
+pair
+</del>
+into
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context">
+local
+context
+</a>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list_mapping" href="#dfn-list_mapping">
-<ins class="diff-chg">list
+<ins class="diff-new">list
mapping
-</ins></a>.
+</ins>
+</a>.
</li>
</ol>
-<del class="diff-old">3.3.1
-Coerce
-Map
-each
-key-value
-pair
-in
-</del>
-</li>
-<li>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Merge
-</ins>
-the
+</li>
+<li>
+Merge
+the
+<del class="diff-old">of
+</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context">
local
context
@@ -6332,16 +6449,72 @@
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context">
active
context
-</a>.
-</li>
-<li>
-<ins class="diff-new">Repeat
-</ins><a href="#object-context"><ins class="diff-new">
+<del class="diff-old">'s
+@coerce
+mapping
+as
+described
+below
+</del>
+</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Merge
+all
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Repeat
+</ins><a href="#object-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
Step
3.2
-</ins>
-</a>
-<del class="diff-old">'s
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+until
+no
+</ins>
+entries
+<del class="diff-old">other
+than
+the
+@coerce
+mapping
+from
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">are
+added
+to
+</ins>
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context">
+local
+context
+<del class="diff-old">to
+the
+active
+context
+overwriting
+any
+duplicate
+values.
+</del>
+</a>.
+</li>
+</ol>
+<del class="diff-old">Coerce
+Map
+each
+key-value
+pair
+in
+the
+local
+context
+'s
+@coerce
+mapping
+into
+the
+active
+context
+'s
@coerce
mapping,
overwriting
@@ -6349,22 +6522,10 @@
duplicate
values
in
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">until
-no
-entries
-are
-added
-to
-</ins>
-the
-<del class="diff-old">active
-</del>
-<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context">
-<ins class="diff-chg">local
-</ins>
-context
-<del class="diff-old">'s
+the
+active
+context
+'s
@coerce
mapping.
The
@@ -6373,9 +6534,6 @@
has
either
</del>
-</a>.
-</li>
-</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
@@ -6393,10 +6551,7 @@
<del class="diff-old">single
</del>
<code>
-<del class="diff-old">prefix:term
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">prefix:suffix
-</ins>
+prefix:suffix
</code>
<del class="diff-old">value,
a
@@ -6404,100 +6559,30 @@
term
value
or
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">and
-</ins>
-an
-<del class="diff-old">array
-of
-prefix:term
+an
+array
+of
+prefix:suffix
or
term
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">absolute
-</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr>,<ins class="diff-chg">
-as
-a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix"><ins class="diff-chg">
-prefix
-</ins>
-</a>
-<del class="diff-old">values.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">may
-seem
-to
-be
-a
-valid
-</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr><em><ins class="diff-chg">
-scheme
-</ins></em>.
+values.
When
-<del class="diff-old">merging
+merging
with
an
existing
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">performing
-repeated
-</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
-expansion,
-a
-term
-used
-as
-a
-prefix
-may
-not
-have
-a
-valid
-</ins>
mapping
-<ins class="diff-new">due
-to
-dependencies
-</ins>
-in
-<del class="diff-old">the
+in
+the
active
context
,
map
all
-prefix
-and
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">resolving
-</ins>
term
-<ins class="diff-new">definitions.
-By
-continuing
-</ins><a href="#object-context"><ins class="diff-new">
-Step
-3.2
-</ins>
-</a>
-<del class="diff-old">values
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">until
-no
-changes
-are
-made,
-mappings
-</ins>
-to
-<del class="diff-old">array
+values
+to
+array
form
and
replace
@@ -6511,8 +6596,9 @@
the
local
context
-and
-the
+</del>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">the
value
of
the
@@ -6524,10 +6610,6 @@
result
is
</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">IRIs
-created
-using
-</ins>
an
<del class="diff-old">array
with
@@ -6543,7 +6625,6 @@
a
string
value.
-3.3.2
Initial
Context
The
@@ -6551,54 +6632,50 @@
context
is
initialized
-as
-follows:
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">undefined
-term
-prefix
-will
-eventually
-resolve
-to
-absolute
-IRIs.
-</ins>
-</p>
-<del class="diff-old">@base
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">absolute
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr>,
+as
+<del class="diff-old">follows:
+@base
is
set
using
section
5.1
Establishing
-a
-Base
+</del>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">Base
URI
of
[
-</del>
-<p class="issue">
-<del class="diff-old">RFC3986
-</del>
-<a href="https://github.com/json-ld/json-ld.org/issues/43">
-<ins class="diff-chg">Issue
-43
+RFC3986
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">
+<ins class="diff-chg">prefix
</ins>
</a>
<del class="diff-old">].
Processors
+</del>
may
-provide
-a
-means
+<del class="diff-old">provide
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">seem
+to
+be
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">means
of
setting
the
base
</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">concerns
-performing
+<ins class="diff-chg">valid
</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
<del class="diff-old">programatically.
@@ -6608,37 +6685,107 @@
with
</del>
</abbr>
-<ins class="diff-chg">expansion
+<em>
+<ins class="diff-chg">scheme
+</ins></em>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+When
+performing
+repeated
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+expansion,
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">single
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">term
+used
+as
+a
+prefix
+may
+not
+have
+a
+valid
+</ins>
+mapping
+<del class="diff-old">from
+@iri
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">due
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">@type
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">dependencies
+in
+resolving
+term
+definitions.
+By
+continuing
+</ins><a href="#object-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Step
+3.2
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-new">until
+no
+changes
+are
+made,
+mappings
+to
+IRIs
+created
+using
+an
+undefined
+term
+prefix
+will
+eventually
+resolve
+to
+absolute
+IRIs.
+</ins></p><p class="issue">
+<del class="diff-old"> {
+ "@base": ,
+ "@coerce": {
+ "@iri": "@type"
+ }
+}
+</del>
+<a href="https://github.com/json-ld/json-ld.org/issues/43">
+<ins class="diff-chg">Issue
+43
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">concerns
+performing
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+expansion
in
the
key
position
of
-</ins>
-a
-<del class="diff-old">single
-mapping
-from
-@iri
-to
-@type
-.
- {
- "@base": ,
- "@coerce": {
- "@iri": "@type"
- }
-}
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">context
+a
+context
definition.
</ins></p>
</div>
<div id="iri-expansion" class="section">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
-3.4
-</span>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.4
+</ins></span>
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
@@ -6691,27 +6838,27 @@
an
absolute
<del class="diff-old">IRI,
-a
-term
-,
</del>
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
<ins class="diff-chg">IRI
</ins></abbr>,
a
-<del class="diff-old">prefix
-:
-</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
-</a>
+<del class="diff-old">,
+</del>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">or
+</ins>
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">
+prefix
+</a>:suffix
<del class="diff-old">construct,
-</del>
-or
-<del class="diff-old">as
-</del>
-a
-<del class="diff-old">value
+or
+as
+a
+value
relative
to
@base
@@ -6719,10 +6866,7 @@
@vocab
.
</del>
-<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">
-<ins class="diff-chg">prefix
-</ins></a>:suffix<ins class="diff-chg">
-construct.
+<ins class="diff-chg">construct.
</ins>
</p>
<p>
@@ -6789,8 +6933,8 @@
contains
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
-<ins class="diff-new">term
-</ins></a>
+term
+</a>
mapping
for
<em>
@@ -6859,18 +7003,18 @@
(i.e.,
a
key's
+value
+in
+a
+JSON
+object
+,
+or
+a
</del>
value
<del class="diff-old">in
a
-JSON
-object
-,
-or
-a
-value
-in
-a
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">directly
as
@@ -7002,9 +7146,8 @@
<div id="iri-compaction" class="section">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
-3.5
-</span>
-<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.5
+</ins></span><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
Compaction
@@ -7041,10 +7184,6 @@
term
</a>
s
-<del class="diff-old">and
-prefix
-es
-</del>
specified
in
the
@@ -7161,11 +7300,8 @@
</abbr>
is
the
-<del class="diff-old">prefix
-</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
-<ins class="diff-chg">term
-</ins>
+term
</a>
associated
with
@@ -7230,8 +7366,8 @@
<div id="value-expansion" class="section">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
-3.6
-</span>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.6
+</ins></span>
Value
Expansion
</h3>
@@ -7277,8 +7413,9 @@
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-chg">
active
property
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-and
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">and
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
active
context
@@ -7288,8 +7425,7 @@
implemented
as
follows:
-</ins>
-</p>
+</ins></p>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
@@ -7615,7 +7751,10 @@
<div id="value-compaction" class="section">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
-3.7
+<del class="diff-old">3.4
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.7
+</ins>
</span>
Value
Compaction
@@ -7817,67 +7956,63 @@
<del class="diff-old">@literal
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">@value
-</ins>
-</code>
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
key.
-</li>
-</ol>
-</li>
-<li>
-<ins class="diff-new">Otherwise,
+</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
if
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
-value
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
contains
an
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
@id
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
key,
the
compacted
value
is
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
-value
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
-with
-the
-value
-of
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+with
+the
+value
+of
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
@id
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
processed
according
to
the
-</ins><a href="#iri-compaction"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins><a href="#iri-compaction"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
Compaction
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
steps.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
Otherwise,
if
the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-new">
-active
-context
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
contains
a
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
@language
-</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-new">
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
which
matches
the
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
@language
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
of
the
value,
@@ -7887,9 +8022,9 @@
has
only
a
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
@value
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
key,
the
compacted
@@ -7900,13 +8035,15 @@
associated
with
the
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
@value
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins>
+</code>
key.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+</li>
+<li>
Otherwise,
-if
+<ins class="diff-new">if
the
value
contains
@@ -7938,9 +8075,9 @@
Compaction
</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
steps.
-</ins></li>
-<li>
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
Otherwise,
+</ins>
the
value
is
@@ -7952,30 +8089,15 @@
<div id="expansion" class="section">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
-3.8
+<del class="diff-old">3.5
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.8
+</ins>
</span>
Expansion
</h3>
-<del class="diff-old">This
-algorithm
-is
-a
-work
-in
-progress,
-do
-not
-implement
-it.
-</del>
-<p>
-<del class="diff-old">As
-stated
-previously,
-expansion
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Expansion
-</ins>
+<p>
+Expansion
is
the
process
@@ -7983,56 +8105,22 @@
taking
a
JSON-LD
-<del class="diff-old">input
-and
-expanding
+document
+and
+applying
+a
+context
+such
+that
all
-IRIs
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">document
-</ins>
-and
-<del class="diff-old">typed
-literals
-to
-their
-fully-expanded
-form.
-The
-output
-will
-not
-contain
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">applying
-</ins>
-a
-<del class="diff-old">single
-</del>
-context
-<del class="diff-old">declaration
-and
-will
-have
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">such
-that
-</ins>
-all
-<del class="diff-old">IRIs
+<del class="diff-old">IRI,
</del>
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
<ins class="diff-chg">IRI
-</ins></abbr>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+</ins></abbr>,
datatypes,
-</ins>
-and
-<del class="diff-old">typed
-literals
-fully
-expanded.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">literal
+and
+literal
values
are
expanded
@@ -8054,13 +8142,15 @@
a
part
of
-</ins><a href="#framing"><ins class="diff-chg">
+<a href="#framing">
Framing
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-or
-</ins><a href="#normalization"><ins class="diff-chg">
+</a>
+or
+<a href="#normalization">
Normalization
-</ins></a>.</p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
For
example,
assume
@@ -8069,9 +8159,22 @@
JSON-LD
input
document:
-</ins></p><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-chg">
- "@context":
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+ "@context":
+ {
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "homepage": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
+ "@coerce":
+ {
+ "@iri": "homepage"
+ }
+ },
+ "name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
+</del>
+<pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "@context":
{
"name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
"homepage": {
@@ -8081,8 +8184,10 @@
},
"name": "Manu Sporny",
"homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
-}
-</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
Running
the
JSON-LD
@@ -8101,29 +8206,42 @@
the
following
output:
-</ins>
-</p>
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage":
+ {
+ "@iri": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
+ }
+</del>
<pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-new"> "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": "Manu Sporny",
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": "Manu Sporny",
"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage": {
"@id": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
}
-}
-</ins></pre>
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
<div id="expansion-algorithm" class="section">
<h4>
<span class="secno">
-3.8.1
+<del class="diff-old">3.5.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.8.1
+</ins>
</span>
Expansion
Algorithm
</h4>
-<del class="diff-old">If
+<del class="diff-old">This
</del>
<p>
<ins class="diff-chg">The
-algorithm
-takes
+</ins>
+algorithm
+<del class="diff-old">is
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">takes
three
input
variables:
@@ -8138,9 +8256,19 @@
property
</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
and
-a
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
-value
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">work
+in
+progress,
+do
+not
+implement
+it.
+If
+</del>
+<em>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
to
be
@@ -8160,10 +8288,9 @@
is
set
to
-</ins>
-the
-<a class="tref internalDFN" title="initial_context" href="#dfn-initial_context">
-<ins class="diff-chg">initial
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="initial_context" href="#dfn-initial_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+initial
context
</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-chg">
active
@@ -8180,8 +8307,9 @@
is
set
to
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld_input" href="#dfn-json-ld_input">
+</ins>
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld_input" href="#dfn-json-ld_input">
JSON-LD
input
</a>.
@@ -8590,34 +8718,27 @@
</ins></a>.</li>
</ol>
</div>
+<del class="diff-old">What
+are
+the
+implications
+for
+expanding
+lists?
+</del>
</div>
<div id="compaction" class="section">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
-3.9
+<del class="diff-old">3.6
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.9
+</ins>
</span>
Compaction
</h3>
-<del class="diff-old">This
-algorithm
-is
-a
-work
-in
-progress,
-do
-not
-implement
-it.
-</del>
-<p>
-<del class="diff-old">As
-stated
-previously,
-compaction
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Compaction
-</ins>
+<p>
+Compaction
is
the
process
@@ -8625,15 +8746,9 @@
taking
a
JSON-LD
-<del class="diff-old">input
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">document
-</ins>
-and
-<del class="diff-old">compacting
-all
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">applying
+document
+and
+applying
a
context
such
@@ -8660,11 +8775,8 @@
That
is,
full
-</ins>
IRIs
-<del class="diff-old">using
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">are
+are
rarely
used
as
@@ -8690,15 +8802,15 @@
the
API,
provides
-</ins>
-a
-<ins class="diff-new">way
+a
+way
to
compact
a
JSON-LD
document.
-</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-new">
+</p>
+<p>
For
example,
assume
@@ -8707,14 +8819,23 @@
JSON-LD
input
document:
-</ins></p><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-new">
- "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": "Manu Sporny",
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage":
+ {
+ "@iri": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
+ }
+</del>
+<pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": "Manu Sporny",
"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage": {
"@id": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
}
-}
-</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
Additionally,
assume
the
@@ -8722,25 +8843,32 @@
developer-supplied
JSON-LD
context:
-</ins></p><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-new">
- "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "homepage": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
+ "@coerce":
+ {
+ "@iri": "homepage"
+ }
+</del>
+<pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
"homepage": {
"@id": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
"@type": "@id"
}
-}
-</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
Running
the
JSON-LD
Compaction
algorithm
-</ins>
given
-<del class="diff-old">context.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">the
+the
context
supplied
above
@@ -8757,9 +8885,22 @@
the
following
output:
-</ins></p><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-chg">
- "@context": {
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+ "@context":
+ {
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "homepage": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
+ "@coerce":
+ {
+ "@iri": "homepage"
+ }
+ },
+ "name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
+</del>
+<pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "@context": {
"name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
"homepage": {
"@id": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
@@ -8768,17 +8909,12 @@
},
"name": "Manu Sporny",
"homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
-}
-</ins></pre><p>
-The
-<del class="diff-old">output
-will
-contain
-a
-single
-top-level
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">compaction
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+The
+compaction
algorithm
also
enables
@@ -8796,39 +8932,17 @@
format.
While
the
-</ins>
-context
-<del class="diff-old">declaration
-and
-will
-only
-use
-term
-s
-and
-prefix
-es
-and
-will
-ensure
-that
-all
-typed
-literals
-are
-fully
-compacted.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">provided
+context
+provided
above
mapped
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+<code>
http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-to
-</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+</code>
+to
+<strong>
name
-</ins></strong>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+</strong>,
it
could
have
@@ -8843,22 +8957,27 @@
by
the
developer.
-</ins>
</p>
<div id="compaction-algorithm" class="section">
<h4>
<span class="secno">
-3.9.1
+<del class="diff-old">3.6.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.9.1
+</ins>
</span>
Compaction
Algorithm
</h4>
-<del class="diff-old">Perform
+<del class="diff-old">This
</del>
<p>
<ins class="diff-chg">The
-algorithm
-takes
+</ins>
+algorithm
+<del class="diff-old">is
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">takes
two
input
variables:
@@ -8868,9 +8987,19 @@
property
</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
and
-a
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
-value
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">work
+in
+progress,
+do
+not
+implement
+it.
+Perform
+</del>
+<em>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
to
be
@@ -9208,11 +9337,24 @@
on
the
value.
-</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-Otherwise,
+</ins>
+</li>
+</ol>
+<del class="diff-old">What
+are
+</del>
+</li>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Otherwise,
if
-the
-value
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">implications
+for
+compacting
+lists?
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
is
an
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
@@ -9247,24 +9389,20 @@
the
</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
value
-</ins></em>.
-</li>
-</ol>
-</div>
+</ins></em>.</li></ol></div>
</div>
<div id="framing" class="section">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
-3.10
+<del class="diff-old">3.7
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.10
+</ins>
</span>
Framing
</h3>
-<del class="diff-old">This
-algorithm
-is
-</del>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+<p>
+JSON-LD
Framing
allows
developers
@@ -9274,24 +9412,14 @@
example
and
force
-</ins>
-a
-<del class="diff-old">work
-in
-progress,
-do
-not
-implement
-it.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">specific
+a
+specific
tree
layout
to
a
JSON-LD
document.
-</ins>
</p>
<p>
A
@@ -9321,31 +9449,16 @@
information.
Developers
typically
-<del class="diff-old">don't
-</del>
work
-<del class="diff-old">directly
-</del>
-with
-<del class="diff-old">graphs,
-but
-rather,
-prefer
-trees
-when
-dealing
-with
-JSON.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">trees,
+with
+trees,
represented
as
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json_object" href="#dfn-json_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
-JSON
-object
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json_object" href="#dfn-json_object">
+JSON
+object
+</a>
s.
-</ins>
While
mapping
a
@@ -9367,16 +9480,10 @@
specified
in
advance.
-<del class="diff-old">This
-section
-defines
-an
-algorithm
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">A
-</ins><dfn title="frame" id="dfn-frame"><ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+<dfn title="frame" id="dfn-frame">
Frame
-</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-chg">
+</dfn>
can
be
used
@@ -9392,13 +9499,11 @@
a
deterministic
layout
-</ins>
-for
-<del class="diff-old">mapping
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">a
+for
+a
graph.
-</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+</p>
+<p>
Framing
is
the
@@ -9410,10 +9515,9 @@
document,
which
expresses
-</ins>
a
graph
-<ins class="diff-new">of
+of
information,
and
applying
@@ -9423,11 +9527,12 @@
layout
(called
a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="frame" href="#dfn-frame"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="frame" href="#dfn-frame">
Frame
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
).
-</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-new">
+</p>
+<p>
The
JSON-LD
document
@@ -9440,9 +9545,43 @@
and
a
chapter:
-</ins></p><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-new">
- "@context": {
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+ "@context": {
+ "Book": "http://example.org/vocab#Book",
+ "Chapter": "http://example.org/vocab#Chapter",
+ "contains": "http://example.org/vocab#contains",
+ "creator": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator"
+ "description": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description"
+ "Library": "http://example.org/vocab#Library",
+ "title": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title",
+ "@coerce":
+ {
+ "@iri": "contains"
+ },
+ },
+ "@subject":
+ [{
+ "@subject": "http://example.com/library",
+ "@type": "Library",
+ "contains": "http://example.org/library/the-republic"
+ },
+ {
+ "@subject": "http://example.org/library/the-republic",
+ "@type": "Book",
+ "creator": "Plato",
+ "title": "The Republic",
+ "contains": "http://example.org/library/the-republic#introduction"
+ },
+ {
+ "@subject": "http://example.org/library/the-republic#introduction",
+ "@type": "Chapter",
+ "description": "An introductory chapter on The Republic.",
+ "title": "The Introduction"
+ }]
+</del>
+<pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "@context": {
"Book": "http://example.org/vocab#Book",
"Chapter": "http://example.org/vocab#Chapter",
"contains": {
@@ -9473,29 +9612,25 @@
"description": "An introductory chapter on The Republic.",
"title": "The Introduction"
}]
-}
-</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
Developers
typically
like
-</ins>
-to
-<ins class="diff-new">operate
+to
+operate
on
items
in
-</ins>
-a
-<del class="diff-old">tree
-given
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">hierarchical,
+a
+hierarchical,
tree-based
fashion.
Ideally,
-</ins>
-a
-<ins class="diff-chg">developer
+a
+developer
would
want
the
@@ -9532,12 +9667,28 @@
define
the
following
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="frame" href="#dfn-frame">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="frame" href="#dfn-frame">
frame
-<del class="diff-old">.
-</del>
</a>:
</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+ "@context": {
+ "Book": "http://example.org/vocab#Book",
+ "Chapter": "http://example.org/vocab#Chapter",
+ "contains": "http://example.org/vocab#contains",
+ "creator": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator"
+ "description": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description"
+ "Library": "http://example.org/vocab#Library",
+ "title": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title"
+ },
+ "@type": "Library",
+ "contains": {
+ "@type": "Book",
+ "contains": {
+ "@type": "Chapter"
+ }
+ }
+</del>
<pre class="example">{
<ins class="diff-chg"> "@context": {
"Book": "http://example.org/vocab#Book",
@@ -9555,8 +9706,10 @@
"@type": "Chapter"
}
}
-}
-</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
When
the
framing
@@ -9572,9 +9725,9 @@
paired
with
the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="frame" href="#dfn-frame"><ins class="diff-chg">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="frame" href="#dfn-frame">
frame
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+</a>
above,
the
following
@@ -9584,10 +9737,34 @@
the
end
result:
-</ins>
-</p>
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+ "@context": {
+ "Book": "http://example.org/vocab#Book",
+ "Chapter": "http://example.org/vocab#Chapter",
+ "contains": "http://example.org/vocab#contains",
+ "creator": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator"
+ "description": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description"
+ "Library": "http://example.org/vocab#Library",
+ "title": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title"
+ },
+ "@subject": "http://example.org/library",
+ "@type": "Library",
+ "contains": {
+
+ "@type": "Book",
+
+
+ "contains": {
+
+ "@type": "Chapter",
+
+
+ },
+ },
+</del>
<pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-new"> "@context": {
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "@context": {
"Book": "http://example.org/vocab#Book",
"Chapter": "http://example.org/vocab#Chapter",
"contains": "http://example.org/vocab#contains",
@@ -9600,33 +9777,37 @@
"@type": "Library",
"contains": {
</ins> <span class="diff">"@id": "http://example.org/library/the-republic",</span>
-<ins class="diff-new">
+<ins class="diff-chg">
"@type": "Book",
</ins> <span class="diff">"creator": "Plato",</span>
<span class="diff">"title": "The Republic",</span>
-<ins class="diff-new">
+<ins class="diff-chg">
"contains": {
</ins> <span class="diff">"@id": "http://example.org/library/the-republic#introduction",</span>
-<ins class="diff-new">
+<ins class="diff-chg">
"@type": "Chapter",
</ins> <span class="diff">"description": "An introductory chapter on The Republic.",</span>
<span class="diff">"title": "The Introduction"</span>
-<ins class="diff-new">
+<ins class="diff-chg">
},
},
-}
-</ins></pre>
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
<div id="framing-algorithm-terms" class="section">
<h4>
<span class="secno">
-3.10.1
+<del class="diff-old">3.7.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.10.1
+</ins>
</span>
Framing
Algorithm
Terms
</h4>
<p class="issue">
-<ins class="diff-new">This
+This
algorithm
is
a
@@ -9637,7 +9818,7 @@
not
implement
it.
-There
+<ins class="diff-new">There
was
also
a
@@ -9690,7 +9871,8 @@
the
algorithm
below.
-</ins></p>
+</ins>
+</p>
<dl>
<dt>
<dfn title="input_frame" id="dfn-input_frame">
@@ -9837,20 +10019,23 @@
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="omit_default_flag" id="dfn-omit_default_flag">
-<ins class="diff-new">omit
+omit
default
flag
-</ins></dfn></dt><dd class="issue"><ins class="diff-new">
+</dfn>
+</dt>
+<dd class="issue">
Referenced
from
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="framing_context" href="#dfn-framing_context"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="framing_context" href="#dfn-framing_context">
framing
context
-</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+</a>,
but
not
defined
-</ins></dd><dt>
+</dd>
+<dt>
<dfn title="match_limit" id="dfn-match_limit">
match
limit
@@ -9922,7 +10107,10 @@
<div id="framing-algorithm" class="section">
<h4>
<span class="secno">
-3.10.2
+<del class="diff-old">3.7.2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.10.2
+</ins>
</span>
Framing
Algorithm
@@ -10381,13 +10569,13 @@
</ol>
<p class="issue">
<dfn title="matches_array" id="dfn-matches_array">
-<ins class="diff-new">matches
-array
-</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-new">
+matches
+array
+</dfn>
not
defined
anywhere.
-</ins></p>
+</p>
</li>
<li>
Process
@@ -10712,19 +10900,14 @@
<strong>
normalized
input
-<del class="diff-old">,
-</del>
</strong>,
replace
the
object
in
the
-<del class="diff-old">recusion
-</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="recursion_input_list" href="#dfn-recursion_input_list">
-<ins class="diff-chg">recursion
-</ins>
+recursion
input
list
</a>
@@ -11119,19 +11302,22 @@
</p>
</div>
<p class="issue">
-<ins class="diff-new">What
+What
are
the
implications
for
framing
lists?
-</ins></p>
+</p>
</div>
<div id="normalization" class="section">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
-3.11
+<del class="diff-old">3.8
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.11
+</ins>
</span>
Normalization
</h3>
@@ -11178,41 +11364,123 @@
being
fully
expanded
-and
-named
-in
-the
-JSON-LD
-output
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+normalized
+</ins>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">named
+in
+the
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">serialized
+</ins>
+JSON-LD
+<del class="diff-old">output
.
The
normalized
output
-is
-generated
-in
-such
-</del>
-a
-<del class="diff-old">way
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">representation.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+Normalization
+</ins>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">generated
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">achieved
+by
+transforming
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld_input" href="#dfn-json-ld_input"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON-LD
+input
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+RDF,
+as
+described
+</ins>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">such
+a
+way
that
any
conforming
-JSON-LD
-processor
+</del>
+<a href="#rdf-conversion">
+<ins class="diff-chg">RDF
+Conversion
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+invoking
+the
+normalization
+procedure
+as
+described
+in
+[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-NORMALIZATION"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RDF-NORMALIZATION
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
+],
+returning
+the
+serialized
+results.
+</ins></p><div class="issue"><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+There
+an
+open
+issue
+(
+</ins><a href="https://github.com/json-ld/json-ld.org/issues/53"><ins class="diff-chg">
+ISSUE-53
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+)
+on
+the
+purpose
+and
+results
+of
+performing
+normalization.
+Previous
+versions
+of
+the
+specification
+generated
+</ins>
+JSON-LD
+<del class="diff-old">processor
will
generate
identical
output
given
-the
-same
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">as
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">same
input.
The
problem
-is
-a
-fairly
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+of
+the
+normalization
+algorithm,
+however
+normalization
+</ins>
+is
+a
+<del class="diff-old">fairly
difficult
technical
problem
@@ -11225,32 +11493,54 @@
directed
graph
to
-be
-ordered
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">process
+required
+across
+different
+linked
+data
+serializations.
+To
+</ins>
+be
+<del class="diff-old">ordered
into
a
set
of
nodes
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">normalized
-</ins>
-and
-<del class="diff-old">edges
-in
-a
-deterministic
+and
+edges
+in
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">useful,
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">deterministic
way.
This
-is
-easy
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">graph
+requires
+an
+identical
+normalized
+representation
+that
+</ins>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">easy
to
do
when
all
-of
-the
-nodes
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">independent
+</ins>
+of
+the
+<del class="diff-old">nodes
have
unique
names,
@@ -11261,19 +11551,299 @@
do
when
some
-of
-the
-nodes
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">data
+format
+originally
+used
+for
+markup,
+or
+the
+way
+in
+which
+language
+features
+or
+publisher
+preferences
+create
+differences
+in
+the
+markup
+</ins>
+of
+<ins class="diff-new">identical
+graphs.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-new">
+It
+may
+be
+that
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">nodes
are
not
labeled.
</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">serialized
-JSON-LD
-representation.
-</ins>
-</p>
-<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">need
+for
+either
+or
+both
+of
+flattening
+algorithm
+or
+to
+retrieve
+such
+a
+cryptographic
+signature.
+</ins>
+</p>
+</div>
+<p>
+Normalization
+is
+useful
+when
+comparing
+two
+graphs
+against
+one
+another,
+when
+generating
+a
+detailed
+list
+of
+differences
+between
+two
+graphs,
+and
+when
+generating
+a
+cryptographic
+digital
+signature
+for
+information
+contained
+in
+a
+graph
+or
+when
+generating
+a
+hash
+of
+the
+information
+contained
+in
+a
+graph.
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+example
+below
+is
+an
+un-normalized
+JSON-LD
+document:
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+ "@context":
+ {
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "homepage": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
+ "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
+ "@coerce":
+ {
+ "@iri": ["homepage"]
+ }
+ },
+ "name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
+</del>
+<pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "@context": {
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "homepage": {
+ "@id": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
+ "@type": "@id"
+ },
+ "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
+ },
+ "name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+The
+example
+below
+is
+the
+normalized
+form
+of
+the
+JSON-LD
+document
+above:
+</p>
+<p class="note">
+Whitespace
+is
+used
+below
+to
+aid
+readability.
+The
+normalization
+algorithm
+for
+JSON-LD
+removes
+all
+unnecessary
+whitespace
+in
+the
+fully
+normalized
+form.
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">[{
+ "@subject":
+ {
+ "@iri": "_:c14n0"
+ },
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage":
+ {
+ "@iri": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
+ },
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": "Manu Sporny"
+</del>
+<p class="issue">
+<ins class="diff-chg">Not
+clear
+that
+whitespace
+must
+be
+normalized,
+as
+the
+JSON-LD
+representation
+can't
+be
+used
+directly
+to
+create
+a
+signature,
+but
+would
+be
+based
+on
+the
+serialized
+result
+of
+[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-NORMALIZATION"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RDF-NORMALIZATION
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
+].
+</ins></p><pre class="example">[{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ "@id": "_:c14n0",
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage": {
+ "@id": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
+ },
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": "Manu Sporny"
+</ins>
+}]
+</pre>
+<p>
+Notice
+how
+all
+of
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
+term
+</a>
+s
+have
+been
+expanded
+and
+sorted
+in
+alphabetical
+order.
+Also,
+notice
+how
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="subject" href="#dfn-subject">
+subject
+</a>
+has
+been
+labeled
+with
+a
+<ins class="diff-chg">named
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank_node" href="#dfn-blank_node">
+blank
+node
+<del class="diff-old">identifier
+.
+</del>
+</a>.
+Normalization
+ensures
+that
+any
+arbitrary
+graph
+containing
+exactly
+the
+same
+information
+would
+be
+normalized
+to
+exactly
+the
+same
+form
+shown
+above.
+</p>
<del class="diff-old">In
time,
there
@@ -11299,18 +11869,27 @@
named
"Universal
Graph
-</del>
Normalization
-<del class="diff-old">Algorithm
+Algorithm
2011"
(
UGNA2011
).
-3.11.1
+</del>
+<div id="normalization-algorithm" class="section">
+<h4>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">3.8.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.11.1
+</ins>
+</span>
Normalization
Algorithm
-Terms
-label
+<del class="diff-old">Terms
+</del>
+</h4>
+<del class="diff-old">label
The
subject
IRI
@@ -11319,8 +11898,10 @@
a
graph
node.
-The
-subject
+</del>
+<p>
+The
+<del class="diff-old">subject
IRI
is
expressed
@@ -11363,9 +11944,8 @@
a
string
that
-</del>
-is
-<del class="diff-old">an
+is
+an
IRI.
list
of
@@ -11377,12 +11957,13 @@
all
nodes
in
-the
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">achieved
-by
-transforming
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld_input" href="#dfn-json-ld_input">
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">normalization
+algorithm
+transforms
+</ins>
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld_input" href="#dfn-json-ld_input">
JSON-LD
input
</a>
@@ -11399,24 +11980,12 @@
values
expanded
according
-</del>
-to
-<del class="diff-old">the
+to
+the
steps
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">RDF,
-as
-described
-</ins>
-in
-<a href="#rdf-conversion">
-<ins class="diff-new">RDF
-Conversion
-</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
-invoking
-</ins>
-the
-<del class="diff-old">Expansion
+in
+the
+Expansion
Algorithm
.
alpha
@@ -11439,14 +12008,8 @@
values
being
examined
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">normalization
-procedure
-as
-described
-</ins>
-in
-<del class="diff-old">an
+in
+an
algorithm.
The
names
@@ -11463,28 +12026,16 @@
a
comparison
algorithm.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">[
-</ins><cite>
-<del class="diff-old">renaming
+renaming
counter
-</del>
-<a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-NORMALIZATION">
-<ins class="diff-chg">RDF-NORMALIZATION
-</ins></a>
-<del class="diff-old">A
+A
counter
that
is
used
during
-</del>
-</cite>
-<ins class="diff-chg">],
-returning
-</ins>
-the
-<del class="diff-old">Node
+the
+Node
Relabeling
Algorithm
.
@@ -11504,21 +12055,16 @@
that
is
relabeled.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">serialized
-results.
-</ins></p><div class="issue"><p>
There
-<del class="diff-old">will
+will
be
two
such
renaming
counters
in
-</del>
-an
-<del class="diff-old">implementation
+an
+implementation
of
the
normalization
@@ -11529,15 +12075,7 @@
the
labeling
counter
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">open
-issue
-(
-</ins><a href="https://github.com/json-ld/json-ld.org/issues/53"><ins class="diff-chg">
-ISSUE-53
-</ins>
-</a>
-<del class="diff-old">and
+and
the
second
is
@@ -11569,35 +12107,20 @@
value
typically
takes
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">)
-on
-</ins>
-the
-<del class="diff-old">form
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">purpose
-and
-results
-</ins>
-of
-<del class="diff-old">s<NUMBER>
+the
+form
+of
+s<NUMBER>
or
c<NUMBER>
.
-3.11.2
+3.8.2
Normalization
State
When
-</del>
performing
-<ins class="diff-new">normalization.
-Previous
-versions
-of
-</ins>
-the
-<del class="diff-old">steps
+the
+steps
required
by
the
@@ -11608,29 +12131,19 @@
helpful
to
track
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">specification
-generated
-JSON-LD
-as
-</ins>
-the
-<del class="diff-old">many
+the
+many
pieces
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">result
-</ins>
-of
-<del class="diff-old">information
+of
+information
in
a
data
structure
called
-</del>
the
normalization
-<del class="diff-old">state
+state
.
Many
of
@@ -11639,20 +12152,17 @@
simply
provide
indexes
+</del>
into
-the
+<del class="diff-old">the
graph.
The
information
contained
in
the
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">algorithm,
-however
-</ins>
normalization
-<del class="diff-old">state
+state
is
described
below.
@@ -11693,10 +12203,9 @@
A
node
reference
-</del>
-is
-a
-<del class="diff-old">reference
+is
+a
+reference
to
a
node
@@ -11704,20 +12213,8 @@
the
graph.
For
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">process
-required
-across
-different
-linked
-data
-serializations.
-To
-be
-useful,
-</ins>
-a
-<del class="diff-old">given
+a
+given
node
state
,
@@ -11728,20 +12225,11 @@
to
the
node
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">graph
-requires
-an
-identical
-normalized
-representation
-</ins>
-that
-<del class="diff-old">the
-state
-</del>
-is
-<del class="diff-old">for.
+that
+the
+state
+is
+for.
When
a
node
@@ -11772,12 +12260,9 @@
that
are
properties
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">independent
-</ins>
-of
-the
-<del class="diff-old">node
+of
+the
+node
reference
.
This
@@ -11812,39 +12297,16 @@
the
label
s
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">data
-format
-originally
-used
-</ins>
-for
-<del class="diff-old">all
-nodes
-in
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">markup,
-or
-</ins>
-the
-<del class="diff-old">graph
-for
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">way
-in
-</ins>
+for
+all
+nodes
+in
+the
+graph
+for
which
-<ins class="diff-new">language
-features
-or
-publisher
-preferences
-create
-differences
-in
-</ins>
-the
-<del class="diff-old">node
+the
+node
reference
is
a
@@ -11881,37 +12343,23 @@
map
is
populated,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">RDF,
+normalizes
+</ins>
it
-will
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">markup
-of
-identical
-graphs.
-</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-It
-may
-</ins>
-be
-<del class="diff-old">filled
+<del class="diff-old">will
+be
+filled
with
keys
-</del>
-that
-<del class="diff-old">are
-</del>
-the
-<del class="diff-old">label
+that
+are
+the
+label
s
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">need
-for
-either
-or
-both
-</ins>
-of
-<del class="diff-old">every
+of
+every
node
in
the
@@ -11946,13 +12394,8 @@
be
lexicographically
compared
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">flattening
-algorithm
-or
-</ins>
-to
-<del class="diff-old">the
+to
+the
outgoing
serialization
s
@@ -11962,60 +12405,36 @@
state
s.
It
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">retrieve
-such
-a
-cryptographic
-signature.
-</ins></p></div><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-Normalization
-</ins>
-is
-<ins class="diff-new">useful
-when
-comparing
-two
-graphs
-against
-one
-another,
-when
-generating
-</ins>
-a
-<del class="diff-old">representation
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">detailed
-list
-</ins>
-of
-<del class="diff-old">the
+is
+a
+representation
+of
+the
outgoing
serialization
map
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">differences
-between
-two
-graphs,
-</ins>
-and
-<del class="diff-old">other
+and
+other
related
information.
This
string
is
initialized
-to
-an
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">according
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">an
empty
string.
incoming
serialization
map
-Maps
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">[
+</ins><cite>
+<del class="diff-old">Maps
node
label
s
@@ -12054,30 +12473,22 @@
the
graph
with
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">when
-generating
-</ins>
-a
-<del class="diff-old">label
-that
+a
+label
+</del>
+<a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-NORMALIZATION">
+<ins class="diff-chg">RDF-NORMALIZATION
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">that
begins
with
_:
and
that
has
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">cryptographic
-digital
-signature
-for
-information
-contained
-in
-</ins>
-a
-<del class="diff-old">path,
+a
+path,
via
properties,
that
@@ -12087,7 +12498,8 @@
node
reference
.
-incoming
+</del>
+<del class="diff-old">incoming
serialization
A
string
@@ -12108,24 +12520,19 @@
s.
It
is
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">graph
-or
-when
-generating
-</ins>
-a
-<del class="diff-old">representation
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">hash
-</ins>
-of
-the
-<del class="diff-old">incoming
-serialization
-map
-and
-other
+a
+representation
+of
+the
+incoming
+serialization
+map
+</del>
+</cite>
+<ins class="diff-chg">]
+</ins>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">other
related
information.
This
@@ -12146,73 +12553,33 @@
node's
label
to
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">information
-contained
-in
-</ins>
-a
-<del class="diff-old">node
+a
+node
state
.
It
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">graph.
-</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-The
-example
-below
-</ins>
-is
-<del class="diff-old">initialized
-to
-</del>
-an
-<del class="diff-old">empty
+is
+initialized
+to
+an
+empty
map.
labeling
prefix
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">un-normalized
-JSON-LD
-document:
-</ins></p><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-chg">
- "@context": {
- "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
- "homepage": {
- "@id": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
- "@type": "@id"
- },
- "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
- },
- "name": "Manu Sporny",
- "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
-}
-</ins></pre><p>
-The
-<del class="diff-old">labeling
+The
+labeling
prefix
is
a
string
that
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">example
-below
-</ins>
-is
-<del class="diff-old">used
-as
-</del>
-the
-<del class="diff-old">beginning
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">normalized
-form
-</ins>
-of
-<del class="diff-old">a
+is
+used
+as
+the
+beginning
+of
+a
node
label
.
@@ -12220,8 +12587,13 @@
should
be
initialized
-to
-a
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">then
+transforms
+back
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">a
random
base
string
@@ -12241,10 +12613,9 @@
node's
label
in
-</del>
-the
-JSON-LD
-<del class="diff-old">input
+the
+JSON-LD
+input
,
and
does
@@ -12255,53 +12626,35 @@
characters
_:c14n
.
-The
-prefix
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD.
+</ins>
+The
+<del class="diff-old">prefix
has
two
uses.
First
it
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">document
-above:
-</ins></p><p class="note"><ins class="diff-chg">
-Whitespace
-</ins>
is
used
-<ins class="diff-new">below
-</ins>
-to
-<del class="diff-old">temporarily
+to
+temporarily
name
nodes
during
the
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">aid
-readability.
-The
-</ins>
normalization
algorithm
-<ins class="diff-new">for
-JSON-LD
-removes
-all
-unnecessary
-whitespace
-</ins>
-in
-<del class="diff-old">a
+in
+a
way
that
doesn't
collide
with
-</del>
-the
-<del class="diff-old">names
+the
+names
that
already
exist
@@ -12310,16 +12663,8 @@
as
the
names
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">fully
-normalized
-form.
-</ins></p><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
-Not
-clear
-</ins>
-that
-<del class="diff-old">will
+that
+will
be
generated
by
@@ -12330,12 +12675,8 @@
it
will
eventually
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">whitespace
-must
-</ins>
-be
-<del class="diff-old">set
+be
+set
to
_:c14n
to
@@ -12347,22 +12688,13 @@
for
nodes
in
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">normalized,
-as
-</ins>
-the
-<del class="diff-old">graph.
+the
+graph.
This
prefix
will
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
-representation
-can't
-</ins>
-be
-<del class="diff-old">concatenated
+be
+concatenated
with
the
labeling
@@ -12392,9 +12724,8 @@
counter
that
is
-</del>
used
-<del class="diff-old">to
+to
label
nodes.
It
@@ -12404,13 +12735,10 @@
the
labeling
prefix
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">directly
-</ins>
to
create
a
-<del class="diff-old">node
+node
label
.
It
@@ -12419,97 +12747,52 @@
to
1
.
-map
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">signature,
-but
-would
-be
-based
-on
-the
-serialized
-result
-</ins>
-of
-<del class="diff-old">flattened
-nodes
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">[
-</ins><cite>
-<del class="diff-old">A
+deterministic
+labeling
+counter
+Not
+defined.
+map
+of
+flattened
+nodes
+A
map
containing
a
representation
of
-</del>
-<a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-NORMALIZATION">
-<ins class="diff-chg">RDF-NORMALIZATION
-</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
-].
-</ins></p><pre class="example">[{
-<ins class="diff-chg">
- "@id": "_:c14n0",
- "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage": {
- "@id": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
- },
- "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": "Manu Sporny"
-}]
-</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-Notice
-how
-</ins>
all
-<del class="diff-old">nodes
+nodes
in
the
graph
where
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">of
-</ins>
-the
-<del class="diff-old">key
-is
-a
-node
-label
-</del>
-<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
-<ins class="diff-chg">term
-</ins>
-</a>
-<ins class="diff-new">s
-have
-been
-expanded
-</ins>
-and
-<ins class="diff-new">sorted
-in
-alphabetical
-order.
-Also,
-notice
-how
-</ins>
-the
-<del class="diff-old">value
-is
-a
+the
+key
+is
+a
+node
+label
+and
+the
+value
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">result
+</ins>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">a
single
JSON
-object
-</del>
-<a class="tref internalDFN" title="subject" href="#dfn-subject">
-<ins class="diff-chg">subject
-</ins>
-</a>
-<del class="diff-old">that
-</del>
-has
-<del class="diff-old">no
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
+</ins>
+object
+<ins class="diff-chg">representation
+</ins>
+that
+<del class="diff-old">has
+no
nested
sub-objects
and
@@ -12524,67 +12807,25 @@
merged
into
</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">been
-labeled
-with
+<ins class="diff-chg">deterministically
+represents
</ins>
a
<del class="diff-old">single
JSON
object
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">named
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank_node" href="#dfn-blank_node"><ins class="diff-chg">
-blank
-node
-</ins>
-</a>.
-<ins class="diff-chg">Normalization
-ensures
-that
-any
-arbitrary
-graph
-containing
-exactly
-the
-same
-information
-would
-be
-normalized
-to
-exactly
-the
-same
-form
-shown
-above.
-</ins></p>
-<div id="normalization-algorithm" class="section">
-<h4>
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">3.11.3
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">3.11.1
-</ins>
-</span>
+.
+3.8.3
Normalization
Algorithm
-</h4>
-<p>
The
normalization
algorithm
-<del class="diff-old">expands
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">transforms
-</ins>
-the
-<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld_input" href="#dfn-json-ld_input">
-JSON-LD
-input
-<del class="diff-old">,
+expands
+the
+JSON-LD
+input
+,
flattens
the
data
@@ -12601,8 +12842,11 @@
nodes
in
the
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">RDF
+</ins>
graph.
-The
+<del class="diff-old">The
flattened
data
structure
@@ -12616,54 +12860,26 @@
algorithm
in
order
-</del>
-</a>
-<ins class="diff-chg">into
-RDF,
-normalizes
-it
-according
-</ins>
-to
-<del class="diff-old">get
+to
+get
a
fully
expanded
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">[
-</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-NORMALIZATION"><ins class="diff-chg">
-RDF-NORMALIZATION
-</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
-]
-</ins>
-and
-<del class="diff-old">named
+and
+named
list
of
nodes
which
is
-</del>
then
-<del class="diff-old">sorted.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">transforms
-back
-to
-JSON-LD.
-</ins>
+sorted.
The
result
is
-<del class="diff-old">a
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">an
-object
-representation
-that
-</ins>
+a
deterministically
-<del class="diff-old">named
+named
and
ordered
list
@@ -12671,11 +12887,6 @@
graph
nodes.
</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">represents
-a
-RDF
-graph.
-</ins>
</p>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
@@ -12823,6 +13034,18 @@
in
the
map
+of
+flattened
+nodes
+merge
+all
+properties
+from
+the
+entry
+in
+the
+map
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">create
a
@@ -12833,22 +13056,10 @@
of
<del class="diff-old">flattened
nodes
-merge
-all
-properties
-from
-the
-entry
-in
-</del>
-the
-<del class="diff-old">map
-of
-flattened
-nodes
into
-the
-expanded
+</del>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">expanded
node
.
</del>
@@ -12874,14 +13085,14 @@
the
expanded
node
-</del>
-</a>
-<del class="diff-old">and
+and
remove
any
duplicate
IRI
-entries
+</del>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">entries
from
the
array.
@@ -13112,7 +13323,7 @@
Labeling
Algorithm
.
-3.11.4
+3.8.4
Node
Relabeling
Algorithm
@@ -13330,7 +13541,7 @@
Expansion
</ins>
</a>.
-<del class="diff-old">3.11.5
+<del class="diff-old">3.8.5
Deterministic
Labeling
Algorithm
@@ -13607,6 +13818,13 @@
to
label
.
+list
+of
+nodes
+to
+label
+not
+defined.
For
each
key-value
@@ -13648,8 +13866,9 @@
to
the
list
-of
-nodes
+</del>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">nodes
to
label
.
@@ -13659,9 +13878,8 @@
in
the
list
-</del>
-of
-<del class="diff-old">labels
+of
+labels
,
relabel
the
@@ -13748,9 +13966,8 @@
of
unfinished
nodes
-</del>
-and
-<del class="diff-old">add
+and
+add
it
to
the
@@ -13779,7 +13996,7 @@
the
sort
order.
-3.11.6
+3.8.6
Shallow
Comparison
Algorithm
@@ -13848,12 +14065,14 @@
sort
the
property
-IRIs
-for
-each
-node
-and
-compare
+IRI
+s
+for
+each
+node
+</del>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">compare
the
sorted
lists.
@@ -14172,7 +14391,7 @@
nodes
are
equivalent.
-3.11.7
+3.8.7
Object
Comparison
Algorithm
@@ -14333,7 +14552,8 @@
values
are
expanded
-IRIs,
+IRI
+s,
the
lexicographically
lesser
@@ -14365,7 +14585,7 @@
values
are
equivalent.
-3.11.8
+3.8.8
Deep
Comparison
Algorithm
@@ -14401,10 +14621,9 @@
graph
into
account
-</del>
if
the
-<del class="diff-old">number
+number
of
properties
and
@@ -14436,9 +14655,10 @@
in
a
list
+</del>
if
the
-two
+<del class="diff-old">two
nodes
are
not
@@ -14494,8 +14714,8 @@
mapped
to
serialization
-labels
-.
+label
+s.
It
is
initialized
@@ -14578,7 +14798,7 @@
of
adjacent
node
-serialiation
+serialization
label
s
to
@@ -15022,7 +15242,7 @@
beta
is
first.
-3.11.9
+3.8.9
Node
Serialization
Algorithm
@@ -15152,7 +15372,7 @@
store
mappings
from
-serialized
+serialization
label
s
to
@@ -15278,6 +15498,28 @@
the
serialization
map
+(
+serialization
+map
+is
+used,
+but
+should
+it
+be
+directed
+serialization
+map
+,
+outgoing
+serialization
+map
+or
+incoming
+serialization
+map
+?
+)
and
the
</del>
@@ -15403,7 +15645,7 @@
<del class="diff-old">for
each
iteration.
-3.11.10
+3.8.10
Serialization
Label
Generation
@@ -15417,13 +15659,13 @@
given
a
label
-and
-a
+</del>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">a
mapping
state
-</del>
-and
-<del class="diff-old">returns
+and
+returns
the
serialization
label
@@ -15438,16 +15680,39 @@
serialization
labels
map
+,
+return
+its
+associated
+value.
+(
+serialization
+labels
+map
+is
+used,
+but
+should
+it
+be
+directed
+serialization
+map
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">an
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
array
</ins>
</a>,
-<del class="diff-old">return
-its
-associated
-value.
+<del class="diff-old">outgoing
+serialization
+map
+or
+incoming
+serialization
+map
+?
+)
If
the
label
@@ -15516,12 +15781,12 @@
</ins>
of
<del class="diff-old">mapping
-count
+counter
.
Increment
the
mapping
-count
+counter
by
</del>
<code>
@@ -15566,7 +15831,7 @@
serialization
label
.
-3.11.11
+3.8.11
Combinatorial
Serialization
Algorithm
@@ -15913,9 +16178,8 @@
the
outgoing
serialization
-</del>
-and
-<del class="diff-old">the
+and
+the
directed
serialization
map
@@ -15933,8 +16197,9 @@
the
incoming
serialization
-and
-the
+</del>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">the
directed
serialization
map
@@ -16059,7 +16324,7 @@
labels
map
.
-3.11.12
+3.8.12
Serialization
Comparison
Algorithm
@@ -16134,7 +16399,7 @@
the
two
serializations.
-3.11.13
+3.8.13
Mapping
Serialization
Algorithm
@@ -16385,6 +16650,7 @@
the
adjacent
info
+map
</del>
<a href="#value-expansion">
<ins class="diff-chg">Value
@@ -16422,6 +16688,14 @@
serialization
fragment
.
+map
+of
+all
+labels
+referenced
+but
+not
+defined.
Append
all
of
@@ -16431,6 +16705,7 @@
the
adjacent
info
+map
to
the
serialization
@@ -16458,6 +16733,7 @@
the
adjacent
info
+map
and
</del>
<em>
@@ -16492,7 +16768,7 @@
Serialization
Algorithm
.
-3.11.14
+3.8.14
Label
Serialization
Algorithm
@@ -16692,14 +16968,12 @@
.
If
the
-</del>
-value
-<del class="diff-old">does
+value
+does
not
start
-</del>
-with
-<del class="diff-old">_:
+with
+_:
,
build
the
@@ -16715,10 +16989,12 @@
IRI
is
the
-value
-associated
-with
-the
+</del>
+value
+<del class="diff-old">associated
+</del>
+with
+<del class="diff-old">the
@iri
key.
If
@@ -17019,7 +17295,6 @@
</li>
</ol>
</li>
-<li>
<del class="diff-old">Append
the
]
@@ -17056,7 +17331,16 @@
label
serialization
.
-Push
+adjacent
+node
+labels
+referenced
+but
+not
+defined.
+</del>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Push
the
adjacent
node
@@ -17098,7 +17382,10 @@
<div id="data-round-tripping" class="section">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
-3.12
+<del class="diff-old">3.9
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.12
+</ins>
</span>
Data
Round
@@ -17443,7 +17730,10 @@
<div id="rdf-conversion" class="section">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
-3.13
+<del class="diff-old">3.10
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.13
+</ins>
</span>
RDF
Conversion
@@ -17565,7 +17855,10 @@
<div class="informative section" id="overview">
<h4>
<span class="secno">
-3.13.1
+<del class="diff-old">3.10.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.13.1
+</ins>
</span>
Overview
</h4>
@@ -17697,22 +17990,26 @@
datatype.
</p>
<p>
-<ins class="diff-new">An
+An
Internationalized
Resource
Identifier
(
-</ins><dfn title="iri" id="dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr></dfn><ins class="diff-new">
+<dfn title="iri" id="dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</dfn>
),
as
described
in
[
-</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3987"><ins class="diff-new">
+<cite>
+<a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3987">
RFC3987
-</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
+</cite>
],
is
a
@@ -17725,32 +18022,34 @@
the
web.
In
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data" href="#dfn-linked_data"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data" href="#dfn-linked_data">
Linked
Data
-</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
-an
-</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>,
+an
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
is
commonly
used
for
expressing
a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="subject" href="#dfn-subject"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="subject" href="#dfn-subject">
subject
-</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
-a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="property" href="#dfn-property"><ins class="diff-new">
-property
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-or
-an
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="object" href="#dfn-object"><ins class="diff-new">
-object
-</ins></a>.</p><p>
+</a>,
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="property" href="#dfn-property">
+property
+</a>
+or
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="object" href="#dfn-object">
+object
+</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
Data
described
with
@@ -17817,7 +18116,10 @@
<div id="rdf-conversion-algorithm-terms" class="section">
<h4>
<span class="secno">
-3.13.2
+<del class="diff-old">3.10.2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.13.2
+</ins>
</span>
RDF
Conversion
@@ -17848,7 +18150,10 @@
<div id="rdf-conversion-algorithm" class="section">
<h4>
<span class="secno">
-3.13.3
+<del class="diff-old">3.10.3
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.13.3
+</ins>
</span>
RDF
Conversion
@@ -18066,10 +18371,12 @@
<li>
If
the
-<del class="diff-old">JSON
-object
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json_object" href="#dfn-json_object">
+JSON
+object
+</a>
has
-an
+<del class="diff-old">an
@iri
key,
set
@@ -18122,12 +18429,10 @@
them.
If
the
-</del>
-<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json_object" href="#dfn-json_object">
-JSON
-object
-</a>
+JSON
+object
has
+</del>
a
<code>
<del class="diff-old">@literal
@@ -18275,39 +18580,46 @@
</ol>
</li>
<li>
-<ins class="diff-new">If
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json_object" href="#dfn-json_object"><ins class="diff-new">
-JSON
-object
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json_object" href="#dfn-json_object">
+JSON
+object
+</a>
has
a
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+<code>
@list
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
-key
-and
-the
-value
-is
-an
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-new">
-array
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+</code>
+key
+and
+the
+value
+is
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
+array
+</a>
process
the
value
as
a
list
-as
+<del class="diff-old">starting
+at
+Step
+4
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">as
described
in
-</ins><a href="#list-conversion"><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins><a href="#list-conversion"><ins class="diff-chg">
List
Conversion
-</ins></a>.</li>
+</ins>
+</a>.
+</li>
<li id="processing-step-subject">
If
the
@@ -18392,8 +18704,6 @@
processor
state
</a>
-<del class="diff-old">using
-</del>
copies
of
the
@@ -18409,12 +18719,41 @@
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property">
active
property
-<del class="diff-old">and
-process
-</del>
</a>.
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
+<del class="diff-old">If
+the
+active
+property
+is
+the
+target
+of
+a
+@list
+coercion,
+and
+the
+value
+is
+an
+array
+,
+process
+the
+value
+as
+a
+list
+starting
+at
+Step
+4
+.
+Otherwise,
+process
+</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">Process
</ins>
the
@@ -18424,22 +18763,10 @@
<a href="#processing-step-associative">
Step
2
-<del class="diff-old">,
-set
-the
-active
-subject
-to
-the
-result
-and
-proceed
-</del>
-</a>.
-</li>
-<li>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Proceed
-</ins>
+</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+Proceed
using
the
previous
@@ -18483,7 +18810,6 @@
blank
node
<del class="diff-old">identifier
-.
</del>
</a>.
Generate
@@ -18765,6 +19091,162 @@
</li>
</ol>
</li>
+<del class="diff-old">Generate
+an
+RDF
+List
+by
+linking
+each
+element
+of
+the
+list
+using
+rdf:first
+and
+rdf:next
+,
+terminating
+the
+list
+with
+rdf:nil
+using
+the
+following
+sequence:
+If
+the
+list
+has
+no
+element,
+generate
+a
+triple
+using
+the
+active
+subject
+,
+active
+property
+and
+rdf:nil
+.
+Otherwise,
+generate
+a
+triple
+using
+using
+the
+active
+subject
+,
+active
+property
+and
+a
+newly
+generated
+BNode
+identified
+as
+first
+blank
+node
+identifier
+.
+For
+each
+element
+other
+than
+the
+last
+element
+in
+the
+list:
+Create
+a
+processor
+state
+using
+the
+active
+context,
+first
+blank
+node
+identifier
+as
+the
+active
+subject
+,
+and
+rdf:first
+as
+the
+active
+property
+.
+Unless
+this
+is
+the
+last
+element
+in
+the
+list,
+generate
+a
+new
+BNode
+identified
+as
+rest
+blank
+node
+identifier
+,
+otherwise
+use
+rdf:nil
+.
+Generate
+a
+new
+triple
+using
+first
+blank
+node
+identifier
+,
+rdf:rest
+and
+rest
+blank
+node
+identifier
+.
+Set
+first
+blank
+node
+identifier
+to
+rest
+blank
+node
+identifier
+.
+</del>
<li>
If
a
@@ -18872,24 +19354,24 @@
from
the
string.
-<ins class="diff-new">If
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-new">
-active
-context
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context">
+active
+context
+</a>
contains
a
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+<code>
language
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+</code>
key
with
a
non-
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+<code>
null
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+</code>
value,
use
it's
@@ -18900,10 +19382,10 @@
language
of
the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="plain_literal" href="#dfn-plain_literal"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="plain_literal" href="#dfn-plain_literal">
plain
literal
-</ins></a>.
+</a>.
</li>
</ol>
Generate
@@ -19044,7 +19526,10 @@
<div id="list-conversion" class="section">
<h4>
<span class="secno">
-3.13.4
+<del class="diff-old">3.10.4
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.13.4
+</ins>
</span>
<del class="diff-old">Acknowledgements
</del>
@@ -19556,22 +20041,26 @@
</a>
</dd>
<dt id="bib-JSON-POINTER">
-<ins class="diff-new">[JSON-POINTER]
-</ins></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
+[JSON-POINTER]
+</dt>
+<dd>
P.
Bryan,
Ed.
-</ins><cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/id/draft-pbryan-zyp-json-pointer-01.txt"><ins class="diff-new">
+<cite>
+<a href="http://www.ietf.org/id/draft-pbryan-zyp-json-pointer-01.txt">
JSON
Pointer
-</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
+</cite>
Latest.
IETF
Draft.
URL:
-</ins><a href="http://www.ietf.org/id/draft-pbryan-zyp-json-pointer-01.txt"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a href="http://www.ietf.org/id/draft-pbryan-zyp-json-pointer-01.txt">
http://www.ietf.org/id/draft-pbryan-zyp-json-pointer-01.txt
-</ins></a></dd>
+</a>
+</dd>
<dt id="bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">
[RDF-CONCEPTS]
</dt>
@@ -19624,18 +20113,34 @@
</ins><a href="http://json-ld.org/spec/latest/rdf-graph-normalization/">
<cite>
<del class="diff-old">Uniform
+Resource
+Identifier
+(URI):
+Generic
+Syntax.
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">RDF
Graph
Normalization
-</ins></cite></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-Latest.
+</ins>
+</cite>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">January
+2005.
+Internet
+RFC
+3986.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Latest.
W3C
Editor's
Draft.
+</ins>
URL:
-</ins><a href="http://json-ld.org/spec/latest/rdf-graph-normalization/"><ins class="diff-chg">
-http://json-ld.org/spec/latest/rdf-graph-normalization/
+<del class="diff-old">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt
+</del>
+<a href="http://json-ld.org/spec/latest/rdf-graph-normalization/">
+<ins class="diff-chg">http://json-ld.org/spec/latest/rdf-graph-normalization/
</ins></a></dd><dt id="bib-RDF-SCHEMA"><ins class="diff-chg">
[RDF-SCHEMA]
</ins></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
@@ -19661,41 +20166,36 @@
URL:
</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-schema-20040210"><ins class="diff-chg">
http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-schema-20040210
-</ins></a></dd><dt id="bib-RFC3987"><ins class="diff-chg">
+</ins>
+</a>
+</dd>
+<dt id="bib-RFC3987">
[RFC3987]
-</ins></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+</dt>
+<dd>
M.
-D�rst;
+<del class="diff-old">Dürst;
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">D�rst;
+</ins>
M.
Suignard.
-</ins><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><cite><ins class="diff-chg">
+<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt">
+<cite>
Internationalized
-</ins>
Resource
-<del class="diff-old">Identifier
-(URI):
-Generic
-Syntax.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Identifiers
+Identifiers
(IRIs).
-</ins>
</cite>
</a>
January
2005.
Internet
RFC
-<del class="diff-old">3986.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">3987.
-</ins>
+3987.
URL:
-<del class="diff-old">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt
-</del>
<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt">
-<ins class="diff-chg">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt
-</ins>
+http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt
</a>
</dd>
<dt id="bib-RFC4627">
--- a/spec/ED/json-ld-syntax/20120112/diff-20111023.html Wed Jan 11 16:36:47 2012 -0800
+++ b/spec/ED/json-ld-syntax/20120112/diff-20111023.html Wed Jan 11 16:40:12 2012 -0800
@@ -532,7 +532,7 @@
<h2 id="unofficial-draft-12-january-2012">
Unofficial
Draft
-<del class="diff-old">16
+<del class="diff-old">24
October
2011
</del>
@@ -601,14 +601,15 @@
</dd>
<dd>
<a href="http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/">
-<ins class="diff-new">Markus
+Markus
Lanthaler
-</ins></a>,<a href="http://www.tugraz.at/"><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>,
+<a href="http://www.tugraz.at/">
Graz
University
of
Technology
-</ins></a>
+</a>
</dd>
<dd>
<a href="http://webbackplane.com/">
@@ -803,13 +804,17 @@
<span class="secno">
1.2
</span>
-<ins class="diff-new">Syntax
+Syntax
Tokens
and
Keywords
-</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#contributing" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#contributing" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
1.3
-</ins></span>
+</span>
Contributing
</a>
</li>
@@ -860,6 +865,10 @@
The
Context
</a>
+<del class="diff-old">2.4.1
+External
+Contexts
+</del>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#from-json-to-json-ld" class="tocxref">
@@ -936,11 +945,8 @@
<span class="secno">
3.6
</span>
-<del class="diff-old">Datatypes
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Typed
+Typed
Literals
-</ins>
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
@@ -976,10 +982,7 @@
<span class="secno">
3.9
</span>
-<del class="diff-old">Expansion
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Lists
-</ins>
+Lists
</a>
</li>
</ul>
@@ -987,27 +990,19 @@
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#advanced-concepts" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">3.10
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">4.
-</ins>
-</span>
-<del class="diff-old">Compaction
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Advanced
+4.
+</span>
+Advanced
Concepts
-</ins>
</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#external-contexts" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">3.11
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">4.1
-</ins>
-</span>
-<del class="diff-old">Framing
+4.1
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Base
+URI
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">External
Contexts
@@ -1017,72 +1012,50 @@
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#expanded-term-definition" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
-<ins class="diff-chg">4.2
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-Expanded
+4.2
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Default
+Vocabulary
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Expanded
Term
Definition
-</ins></a>
+</ins>
+</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#default-language" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">4.3
-</ins>
-</span>
-<del class="diff-old">Advanced
-Concepts
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Default
+4.3
+</span>
+Default
Language
-</ins>
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#prefixes" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.1
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">4.4
-</ins>
-</span>
-<del class="diff-old">External
-Contexts
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Prefixes
-</ins>
+4.4
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Vocabulary
+</del>
+Prefixes
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#iri-expansion-within-context" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.2
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">4.5
-</ins>
-</span>
-<del class="diff-old">Vocabulary
-Prefixes
-</del>
-<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
-<ins class="diff-chg">IRI
-</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+4.5
+</span>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+<ins class="diff-new">IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
Expansion
within
Context
-</ins>
-</a>
-</li>
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#automatic-typing" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.3
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">4.6
-</ins>
-</span>
+</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#automatic-typing" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+4.6
+</ins></span>
Automatic
Typing
</a>
@@ -1090,7 +1063,7 @@
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#type-coercion" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.4
+<del class="diff-old">4.6
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">4.7
</ins>
@@ -1102,7 +1075,7 @@
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#chaining" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.5
+<del class="diff-old">4.7
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">4.8
</ins>
@@ -1113,7 +1086,7 @@
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#identifying-unlabeled-nodes" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.6
+<del class="diff-old">4.8
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">4.9
</ins>
@@ -1126,7 +1099,7 @@
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#aliasing-keywords" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.7
+<del class="diff-old">4.9
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">4.10
</ins>
@@ -1138,50 +1111,54 @@
</ul>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
+<del class="diff-old">5.
+Using
+JSON-LD
+for
+RDF
+</del>
<a href="#markup-examples" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.8
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">A.
-</ins>
-</span>
-<del class="diff-old">Normalization
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Markup
+A.
+</span>
+Markup
Examples
-</ins></a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#turtle" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+</a>
+<ul class="toc">
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#turtle" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
A.1
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+</span>
Turtle
-</ins></a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#prefix-definitions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+</a>
+<ul class="toc">
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#prefix-definitions" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
A.1.1
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+</span>
Prefix
+<del class="diff-old">and
+Base
+</del>
definitions
-</ins>
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#chaining-1" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
-<ins class="diff-chg">A.1.2
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+A.1.2
+</span>
Chaining
-</ins></a>
+</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#lists" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">A.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">A.1.3
-</ins>
-</span>
-<del class="diff-old">Markup
-Examples
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Lists
-</ins>
+A.1.3
+</span>
+Lists
</a>
</li>
</ul>
@@ -1189,10 +1166,7 @@
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#rdfa" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">A.1
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">A.2
-</ins>
+A.2
</span>
RDFa
</a>
@@ -1200,10 +1174,7 @@
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#microformats" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">A.2
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">A.3
-</ins>
+A.3
</span>
Microformats
</a>
@@ -1211,10 +1182,7 @@
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#microdata" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">A.3
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">A.4
-</ins>
+A.4
</span>
Microdata
</a>
@@ -1430,10 +1398,8 @@
express
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data" href="#dfn-linked_data">
Linked
-<del class="diff-old">Data.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Data
-</ins></a>.
+Data
+</a>.
It
is
primarily
@@ -1745,7 +1711,7 @@
</li>
</ul>
<p>
-<ins class="diff-new">This
+This
specification
does
not
@@ -1760,11 +1726,14 @@
those
see
[
-</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-JSON-LD-API"><ins class="diff-new">
+<cite>
+<a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-JSON-LD-API">
JSON-LD-API
-</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
+</cite>
].
-</ins></p><p>
+</p>
+<p>
To
understand
the
@@ -1854,7 +1823,10 @@
[
RDF-CONCEPTS
].
-Examples
+</del>
+</p>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">Examples
may
contain
references
@@ -1887,9 +1859,7 @@
in
this
document:
-</del>
-</p>
-<del class="diff-old">The
+The
Dublin
Core
vocabulary
@@ -1930,7 +1900,6 @@
xsd:integer
)
</del>
-<p>
JSON
[
<cite>
@@ -2081,12 +2050,9 @@
JSON-LD
is
a
-<del class="diff-old">directed
-</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data_graph" href="#dfn-linked_data_graph">
-<ins class="diff-chg">linked
-data
-</ins>
+linked
+data
graph
</a>,
which
@@ -2231,11 +2197,12 @@
<span class="secno">
1.2
</span>
-<ins class="diff-new">Syntax
+Syntax
Tokens
and
Keywords
-</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-new">
+</h3>
+<p>
JSON-LD
specifies
a
@@ -2255,37 +2222,192 @@
in
this
section:
-</ins></p><dl><dt><code><ins class="diff-new">
+</p>
+<dl>
+<dt>
+<code>
@context
-</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
+</code>
+</dt>
+<dd>
Used
to
set
the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context">
local
context
-</ins></a>.</dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-new">
-@id
-</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>.
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@base
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@id
+</ins>
+</code>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<del class="diff-old">Used
+to
+set
+the
+base
+IRI
+for
+all
+object
+IRIs
+affected
+by
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Sets
+</ins>
+the
+active
+<del class="diff-old">context
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">subject.
+</ins>
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@vocab
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@language
+</ins>
+</code>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+Used
+to
+<del class="diff-old">set
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">specify
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">base
+IRI
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">language
+</ins>
+for
+<del class="diff-old">all
+property
+IRIs
+affected
+by
+the
+active
+context
+.
+@coerce
+Used
+to
+specify
+type
+coercion
+rules.
+@literal
+Used
+to
+specify
+</del>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">literal
+value.
+@iri
+Used
+to
+specify
+an
+IRI
+value.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">literal.
+</ins>
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@language
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@type
+</ins>
+</code>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+Used
+to
+<del class="diff-old">specify
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">set
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">language
+for
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">type
+of
+the
+active
+subject
+or
+the
+datatype
+of
+</ins>
+a
+literal.
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@datatype
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@value
+</ins>
+</code>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+Used
+to
+specify
+the
+<del class="diff-old">datatype
+for
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+of
+</ins>
+a
+literal.
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<code>:
+</code>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+The
+separator
+for
+JSON
+keys
+and
+values
+that
+use
+the
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">
+prefix
+</a>
+mechanism.
+</dd>
+<del class="diff-old">@subject
Sets
the
active
subject.
-</ins></dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-new">
-@language
-</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
-Used
-to
-specify
-the
-language
-for
-a
-literal.
-</ins></dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-new">
@type
-</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
Used
to
set
@@ -2294,42 +2416,15 @@
of
the
active
-subject
-or
-the
-datatype
-of
-a
-literal.
-</ins></dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-new">
-@value
-</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
-Used
-to
-specify
-the
-value
-of
-a
-literal.
-</ins></dd><dt><code>:</code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
-The
-separator
-for
-JSON
-keys
-and
-values
-that
-use
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix"><ins class="diff-new">
-prefix
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-mechanism.
-</ins></dd></dl></div><div id="contributing" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+subject.
+</del>
+</dl>
+</div>
+<div id="contributing" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
1.3
-</ins></span>
+</span>
Contributing
</h3>
<p>
@@ -3159,10 +3254,8 @@
into
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data" href="#dfn-linked_data">
Linked
-<del class="diff-old">Data.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Data
-</ins></a>.
+Data
+</a>.
There
are
a
@@ -3472,9 +3565,11 @@
this:
</p>
<del class="diff-old">{
+ "@context": {
"name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
"homepage": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
"avatar": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/avatar"
+ }
</del>
<pre class="example">{
<ins class="diff-chg"> "@context": {
@@ -3698,8 +3793,10 @@
"name": "Manu Sporny",
"homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
"avatar": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"
-}
-</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
Contexts
may
be
@@ -3708,18 +3805,18 @@
any
time
a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json_object" href="#dfn-json_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json_object" href="#dfn-json_object">
JSON
object
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+</a>
is
defined,
and
a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json_object" href="#dfn-json_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json_object" href="#dfn-json_object">
JSON
object
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+</a>
may
specify
multiple
@@ -3738,11 +3835,27 @@
definitions
along
with
-an
+<del class="diff-old">a
+local
+language
+definition
+used
+to
+set
+the
+language
+of
+plain
+literal
+s:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">an
author-specific
prefix
definition.
-</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+</ins>
+</p>
+<p>
The
set
of
@@ -3751,31 +3864,31 @@
within
a
specific
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json_object" href="#dfn-json_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json_object" href="#dfn-json_object">
JSON
Object
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+</a>
is
termed
a
-</ins><dfn title="local_context" id="dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+<dfn title="local_context" id="dfn-local_context">
local
context
-</ins></dfn>.<ins class="diff-chg">
-The
-</ins><dfn title="active_context" id="dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+</dfn>.
+The
+<dfn title="active_context" id="dfn-active_context">
active
context
-</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-chg">
+</dfn>
refers
to
the
accumulation
of
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context">
local
context
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+</a>
s
that
are
@@ -3788,7 +3901,7 @@
within
the
document.
-The
+<ins class="diff-new">The
following
example
specifies
@@ -3807,10 +3920,22 @@
the
external
context:
-</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+</ins>
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+ "@context": [
+ "http://example.org/json-ld-contexts/person",
+ {
+ "@language": "en"
+ }
+ ],
+ "name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
+ "avatar": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"
+</del>
+<pre class="example">{
<span class="diff">"@context": [
-<ins class="diff-chg">
- "http://example.org/json-ld-contexts/person",
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "http://example.org/json-ld-contexts/person",
{
"pic": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/avatar"
}
@@ -3928,26 +4053,6 @@
term
</a>
declarations.
-<del class="diff-old">A
-prefix
-,
-like
-a
-term
-,
-is
-a
-short
-word
-that
-expands
-to
-a
-Web
-Vocabulary
-base
-IRI.
-</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">
Prefix
</a>
@@ -3965,11 +4070,9 @@
together
in
a
-<del class="diff-old">context,
-</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
-<ins class="diff-chg">context
-</ins></a>,
+context
+</a>,
but
does
not
@@ -4337,6 +4440,250 @@
one-pass
processors.
</p>
+<del class="diff-old">2.4.1
+External
+Contexts
+Authors
+may
+choose
+to
+declare
+JSON-LD
+context
+s
+in
+external
+documents
+to
+promote
+re-use
+of
+contexts
+as
+well
+as
+reduce
+the
+size
+of
+JSON-LD
+documents.
+In
+order
+to
+use
+an
+external
+context,
+an
+author
+may
+specify
+an
+IRI
+to
+a
+valid
+JSON-LD
+document.
+The
+referenced
+document
+must
+have
+a
+top-level
+JSON
+Object
+.
+The
+value
+of
+any
+@context
+key
+within
+that
+object
+is
+substituted
+for
+the
+IRI
+within
+the
+referencing
+document
+to
+have
+the
+same
+effect
+as
+if
+the
+value
+were
+specified
+inline
+within
+the
+referencing
+document.
+The
+following
+example
+demonstrates
+the
+use
+of
+an
+external
+context:
+{
+ ,
+ "name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
+ "avatar": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"
+}
+Authors
+may
+also
+import
+multiple
+contexts
+or
+a
+combination
+of
+external
+and
+local
+contexts
+by
+specifying
+a
+list
+of
+contexts:
+{
+
+ "name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
+ "avatar": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"
+ "celebrates":
+ {
+ "@type": "Event",
+ "description": "International Talk Like a Pirate Day",
+ "date": "R/2011-09-19"
+ }
+}
+Each
+context
+in
+a
+list
+will
+be
+evaluated
+in-order.
+Duplicate
+mappings
+within
+the
+context
+s
+must
+be
+overwritten
+on
+a
+last-defined-overrides
+basis.
+The
+context
+list
+must
+contain
+either
+de-referenceable
+IRI
+s
+or
+JSON
+Object
+s
+that
+conform
+to
+the
+context
+syntax
+as
+described
+in
+this
+document.
+External
+JSON-LD
+context
+documents
+may
+contain
+extra
+information
+located
+outside
+of
+the
+@context
+key,
+such
+as
+documentation
+about
+the
+prefix
+es
+declared
+in
+the
+document.
+It
+is
+also
+recommended
+that
+a
+human-readable
+document
+encoded
+in
+HTML+RDFa
+[
+HTML-RDFA
+]
+or
+other
+Linked
+Data
+compatible
+format
+is
+served
+as
+well
+to
+explain
+the
+correct
+usage
+of
+the
+JSON-LD
+context
+document.
+</del>
</div>
<div id="from-json-to-json-ld" class="section">
<h3>
@@ -4379,11 +4726,9 @@
defined
in
a
-<del class="diff-old">context,
-</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
-<ins class="diff-chg">context
-</ins></a>,
+context
+</a>,
and
that
context
@@ -4519,11 +4864,9 @@
addition
of
a
-<del class="diff-old">context.
-</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
-<ins class="diff-chg">context
-</ins></a>.
+context
+</a>.
As
more
JSON-LD
@@ -4548,14 +4891,12 @@
</h3>
<p>
Expressing
-<del class="diff-old">IRIs
-</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
-<ins class="diff-chg">IRI
-</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-s
-</ins>
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>
+s
are
fundamental
to
@@ -4579,14 +4920,12 @@
</a>
are
named.
-<del class="diff-old">IRIs
-</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
-<ins class="diff-chg">IRI
-</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-s
-</ins>
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>
+s
can
be
expressed
@@ -4647,7 +4986,7 @@
in
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context">
-<ins class="diff-new">active
+<ins class="diff-chg">active
</ins>
context
</a>
@@ -4709,12 +5048,13 @@
<del class="diff-old">.
An
IRI
-is
+</del>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">is
generated
for
the
</del>
-</a>
value
specified
using
@@ -4737,22 +5077,25 @@
generated
for
the
-<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
-<ins class="diff-new">string
-</ins></a>
-value
-<del class="diff-old">specified
+<del class="diff-old">value
+specified
using
the
@iri
keyword.
An
IRI
-is
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
+<ins class="diff-chg">string
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">is
generated
when
</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">of
+<ins class="diff-chg">value
+of
any
key
for
@@ -4849,12 +5192,11 @@
interpreted
as
an
-<del class="diff-old">IRI,
-</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
-<ins class="diff-chg">IRI
-</ins></abbr></a>,
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>,
as
opposed
to
@@ -5186,6 +5528,33 @@
JSON-LD
Processor
</p>
+<del class="diff-old">IRIs
+may
+be
+represented
+as
+an
+absolute
+IRI,
+a
+term
+,
+a
+prefix
+:
+term
+construct,
+or
+as
+a
+value
+relative
+to
+@base
+or
+@vocab
+.
+</del>
</div>
<div id="identifying-the-subject" class="section">
<h3>
@@ -5227,10 +5596,8 @@
of
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data" href="#dfn-linked_data">
Linked
-<del class="diff-old">Data,
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Data
-</ins></a>,
+Data
+</a>,
and
nodes
should
@@ -5505,10 +5872,8 @@
be
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data" href="#dfn-linked_data">
Linked
-<del class="diff-old">Data,
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Data
-</ins></a>,
+Data
+</a>,
types
<em class="rfc2119" title="must">
must
@@ -5721,17 +6086,55 @@
]
format.
</p>
+<del class="diff-old">It
+is
+also
+possible
+to
+set
+a
+language
+to
+use
+within
+a
+@context
+,
+to
+allow
+specify
+a
+language
+to
+apply
+to
+all
+plain
+literal
+s
+within
+the
+scope
+of
+the
+context
+{
+ "@context:" {
+ "@language": "ja"
+ },
+...
+ "name":
+...
+}
+</del>
</div>
<div id="typed-literals" class="section">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
3.6
</span>
-<del class="diff-old">Datatypes
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Typed
+Typed
Literals
-</ins>
</h3>
<p>
A
@@ -6293,45 +6696,10 @@
<span class="secno">
3.9
</span>
-<del class="diff-old">Expansion
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Lists
-</ins>
+Lists
</h3>
<p>
-<del class="diff-old">Expansion
-is
-the
-process
-of
-taking
-a
-JSON-LD
-document
-and
-applying
-a
-context
-such
-that
-all
-IRI,
-datatypes,
-and
-literal
-values
-are
-expanded
-so
-that
-the
-context
-is
-no
-longer
-necessary.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Because
+Because
graphs
do
not
@@ -6349,60 +6717,29 @@
multi-valued
properties
in
-</ins>
-JSON-LD
-<del class="diff-old">document
-expansion
-is
-typically
-used
-as
-a
-part
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">do
+JSON-LD
+do
not
provide
an
ordering
-</ins>
-of
-<del class="diff-old">Framing
-or
-Normalization
-.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">the
+of
+the
listed
objects.
-</ins>
For
example,
-<del class="diff-old">assume
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">consider
-</ins>
+consider
the
following
-<del class="diff-old">JSON-LD
-input
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">simple
-</ins>
+simple
document:
</p>
-<del class="diff-old">{
- "@context":
- {
- "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
- "homepage": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
- "@coerce":
- {
- "@iri": "homepage"
- }
- },
- "name": "Manu Sporny",
- "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
+<del class="diff-old"> {
+...
+ "@subject": "http://example.org/people#joebob",
+ "nick": ,
+...
</del>
<pre class="example">{
<ins class="diff-chg">...
@@ -6413,37 +6750,17 @@
}
</pre>
<p>
-<del class="diff-old">Running
-the
-JSON-LD
-Expansion
-algorithm
-against
-the
-JSON-LD
-input
-document
-provided
-above
-would
-result
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">This
+This
results
-</ins>
-in
-<ins class="diff-new">three
+in
+three
triples
being
generated,
each
relating
-</ins>
-the
-<del class="diff-old">following
-output:
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">subject
+the
+subject
to
an
individual
@@ -6452,502 +6769,183 @@
no
inherent
order.
-</ins>
-</p>
-<del class="diff-old">{
- "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": "Manu Sporny",
- "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage":
- {
- "@iri": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
- }
-}
-3.10
-Compaction
-</del>
-<p>
-<del class="diff-old">Compaction
-is
-the
-process
-of
-taking
-a
-JSON-LD
-document
-and
-applying
-a
-context
+</p>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">To
+preserve
+the
+order
+of
+the
+objects,
+RDF-based
+languages,
such
-that
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">As
-</ins>
-the
-<del class="diff-old">most
-compact
-form
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">notion
-</ins>
-of
-<del class="diff-old">the
-document
-is
-generated.
-JSON
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">ordered
+as
+[
+TURTLE
+]
+use
+the
+concept
+of
+an
+rdf:List
+(as
+described
+in
+[
+RDF-SCHEMA
+]).
+This
+uses
+a
+sequence
+of
+unlabeled
+nodes
+with
+properties
+describing
+a
+value,
+a
+null-terminated
+next
+property.
+Without
+specific
+syntactical
+support,
+this
+could
+be
+represented
+in
+JSON-LD
+as
+follows:
+ {
+...
+ "@subject": "http://example.org/people#joebob",
+ "nick": ,
+ ,
+
+ ,
+
+ ,
+
+
+
+
+ ,
+...
+}
+</del>
+As
+<del class="diff-old">this
+notation
+is
+rather
+unwieldy
+and
+</del>
+the
+notion
+of
+ordered
collections
-</ins>
-is
-<del class="diff-old">typically
-expressed
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">rather
+is
+rather
important
-</ins>
-in
-<del class="diff-old">a
-very
-compact,
-key-value
-format.
-That
-is,
-full
-IRIs
-are
-rarely
-used
-as
-keys.
-At
-times,
-a
-JSON-LD
-document
-may
-be
-received
-that
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">data
+in
+data
modeling,
it
-</ins>
-is
-<del class="diff-old">not
-in
-its
-most
-compact
-form.
-JSON-LD,
-via
-the
-API,
-provides
-a
-way
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">useful
-</ins>
-to
-<del class="diff-old">compact
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">have
+is
+useful
+to
+have
specific
language
support.
In
JSON-LD,
-</ins>
-a
-<del class="diff-old">JSON-LD
-document.
-For
-example,
-assume
-the
-following
-JSON-LD
-input
-document:
-{
- "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": "Manu Sporny",
- "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage":
- {
- "@iri": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
- }
-}
-Additionally,
-assume
-the
-following
-developer-supplied
-JSON-LD
-context:
-{
- "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
- "homepage": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
- "@coerce":
- {
- "@iri": "homepage"
- }
-}
-Running
-the
-JSON-LD
-Compaction
-algorithm
-given
-the
-context
-supplied
-above
-against
-the
-JSON-LD
-input
-document
-provided
-above
-would
-result
-in
-the
-following
-output:
-{
- "@context":
- {
- "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
- "homepage": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
- "@coerce":
- {
- "@iri": "homepage"
- }
- },
- "name": "Manu Sporny",
- "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
-}
-The
-compaction
-algorithm
-also
-enables
-the
-developer
-to
-map
-any
-expanded
-format
-into
-an
-application-specific
-compacted
-format.
-While
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">list
+a
+list
may
be
represented
using
-</ins>
-the
-<del class="diff-old">context
-provided
-above
-mapped
-</del>
-<code>
-<del class="diff-old">http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">@list
-</ins>
-</code>
-<del class="diff-old">to
-name
-,
-it
-could
-have
-also
-mapped
-it
-to
-any
-arbitrary
-string
-provided
-by
-the
-developer.
-3.11
-Framing
-A
-JSON-LD
-document
-is
-a
-representation
-of
-a
-directed
-graph.
-A
-single
-directed
-graph
-can
-have
-many
-different
-serializations,
-each
-expressing
-exactly
-the
-same
-information.
-Developers
-typically
-work
-with
-trees,
-represented
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">keyword
-</ins>
-as
-<del class="diff-old">JSON
-object
-s.
-While
-mapping
-a
-graph
-to
-a
-tree
-can
-be
-done,
-the
-layout
-of
-the
-end
-result
-must
-be
-specified
-in
-advance.
-A
-Frame
-can
-be
-used
-by
-a
-developer
-on
-a
-JSON-LD
-document
-to
-specify
-a
-deterministic
-layout
-for
-a
-graph.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">follows:
-</ins>
-</p>
+the
+<code>
+@list
+</code>
+keyword
+as
+follows:
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old"> {
+...
+ "@subject": "http://example.org/people#joebob",
+ "foaf:nick": ,
+...
+</del>
<pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-new">...
+<ins class="diff-chg">...
"@id": "http://example.org/people#joebob",
"foaf:nick": <span class="diff">{ "@list": [ "joe", "bob", "jaybee" ] }</span>,
...
-}
-</ins></pre>
-<p>
-<del class="diff-old">Framing
-is
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">This
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+This
describes
-</ins>
-the
-<del class="diff-old">process
-of
-taking
-a
-JSON-LD
-document,
-which
-expresses
-a
-graph
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">use
-</ins>
-of
-<del class="diff-old">information,
-and
-applying
-a
-specific
-graph
-layout
-(called
-a
-Frame
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">this
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+use
+of
+this
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
-</ins>
-</a>
-<del class="diff-old">).
-The
-JSON-LD
-document
-below
-expresses
-a
-library,
-a
-book
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">as
+</a>
+as
being
ordered,
-</ins>
-and
-<del class="diff-old">a
-chapter:
-{
- "@context": {
- "Book": "http://example.org/vocab#Book",
- "Chapter": "http://example.org/vocab#Chapter",
- "contains": "http://example.org/vocab#contains",
- "creator": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator"
- "description": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description"
- "Library": "http://example.org/vocab#Library",
- "title": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title",
- "@coerce":
- {
- "@iri": "contains"
- },
- },
- "@subject":
- [{
- "@subject": "http://example.com/library",
- "@type": "Library",
- "contains": "http://example.org/library/the-republic"
- },
- {
- "@subject": "http://example.org/library/the-republic",
- "@type": "Book",
- "creator": "Plato",
- "title": "The Republic",
- "contains": "http://example.org/library/the-republic#introduction"
- },
- {
- "@subject": "http://example.org/library/the-republic#introduction",
- "@type": "Chapter",
- "description": "An introductory chapter on The Republic.",
- "title": "The Introduction"
- }]
-}
-Developers
-typically
-like
-to
-operate
-on
-items
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">order
+and
+order
is
maintained
through
-alternate
+<del class="diff-old">normalization
+and
+RDF
+conversion
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">alternate
representations
+</ins>
as
described
-</ins>
-in
-<ins class="diff-new">[
-</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-JSON-LD-API"><ins class="diff-new">
+in
+[
+<cite>
+<a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-JSON-LD-API">
JSON-LD-API
-</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
+</cite>
].
If
every
use
of
-</ins>
-a
-<del class="diff-old">hierarchical,
-tree-based
-fashion.
-Ideally,
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">given
+a
+given
multi-valued
property
is
-</ins>
-a
-<del class="diff-old">developer
-would
-want
-the
-data
-above
-sorted
-into
-top-level
-libraries,
-then
-the
-books
-that
-are
-contained
-in
-each
-library,
-and
-then
-the
-chapters
-contained
-in
-each
-book.
-To
-achieve
-that
-layout,
-the
-developer
-can
-define
-the
-following
-frame
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">list,
+a
+list,
this
may
be
@@ -6955,30 +6953,29 @@
by
adding
an
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@type
-</ins></code><a class="tref internalDFN" title="coercion" href="#dfn-coercion"><ins class="diff-chg">
-coercion
-</ins>
-</a>:
-</p>
-<del class="diff-old">{
- "@context": {
- "Book": "http://example.org/vocab#Book",
- "Chapter": "http://example.org/vocab#Chapter",
- "contains": "http://example.org/vocab#contains",
- "creator": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator"
- "description": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description"
- "Library": "http://example.org/vocab#Library",
- "title": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title"
- },
- "@type": "Library",
- "contains": {
- "@type": "Book",
- "contains": {
- "@type": "Chapter"
- }
- }
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@coerce
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@type
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">term:
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="coercion" href="#dfn-coercion">
+<ins class="diff-chg">coercion
+</ins></a>:
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old"> {
+
+ ...
+
+
+
+ ,
+...
+ "@subject": "http://example.org/people#joebob",
+ "foaf:nick": ,
+...
</del>
<pre class="example">{
<span class="diff">"@context": {
@@ -6996,99 +6993,44 @@
}
</pre>
<p>
-<del class="diff-old">When
-the
-framing
-algorithm
+<del class="diff-old">The
+@list
+keyword
+can
+be
+used
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">List
coercion
-</ins>
-is
-<del class="diff-old">run
-against
-the
-previously
-defined
-JSON-LD
-document,
-paired
-with
-the
-frame
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">specified
+is
+specified
+</ins>
within
-an
+<ins class="diff-new">an
expanded
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
-term
-</ins>
-</a>
-<del class="diff-old">above,
-the
-following
-JSON-LD
-document
-is
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">definition
-using
-</ins>
-the
-<del class="diff-old">end
-result:
-{
- "@context": {
- "Book": "http://example.org/vocab#Book",
- "Chapter": "http://example.org/vocab#Chapter",
- "contains": "http://example.org/vocab#contains",
- "creator": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator"
- "description": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description"
- "Library": "http://example.org/vocab#Library",
- "title": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title"
- },
- "@subject": "http://example.org/library",
- "@type": "Library",
- "contains": {
-
- "@type": "Book",
-
-
- "contains": {
-
- "@type": "Chapter",
-
-
- },
- },
-}
-</del>
-<code>
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-new">
+term
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+definition
+using
+</ins>
+the
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@coerce
+</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">@list
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-key.
-</ins>
-The
-<del class="diff-old">JSON-LD
-framing
-algorithm
-allows
-developers
-to
-query
-by
-example
-and
-force
-a
-specific
-tree
-layout
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">value
-of
-this
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">section
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key.
+The
+value
+</ins>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">a
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">this
key,
if
present,
@@ -7096,8 +7038,11 @@
must
</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
be
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-true
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@context
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">true
</ins></code>.<ins class="diff-chg">
This
indicates
@@ -7110,20 +7055,28 @@
as
</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
@list
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-are
-</ins>
-to
-<ins class="diff-new">be
-serialized
-as
-</ins>
-a
-<del class="diff-old">JSON-LD
-document.
-</del>
-<a href="#rdf-collection">
-<ins class="diff-chg">List
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">to
+cause
+value
+arrays
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">are
+</ins>
+to
+be
+<del class="diff-old">coerced
+into
+an
+ordered
+list.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">serialized
+as
+a
+</ins><a href="#rdf-collection"><ins class="diff-chg">
+List
</ins></a>.
</p>
</div>
@@ -7171,19 +7124,26 @@
<span class="secno">
4.1
</span>
-External
+<del class="diff-old">Base
+URI
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">External
Contexts
+</ins>
</h3>
<p>
-Authors
+<ins class="diff-new">Authors
may
choose
to
declare
-JSON-LD
+</ins>
+JSON-LD
+<del class="diff-old">allows
+</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
-context
-</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
s
in
external
@@ -7202,8 +7162,7 @@
of
JSON-LD
documents.
-</p>
-<p>
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
In
order
to
@@ -7213,90 +7172,86 @@
context,
an
author
-<em class="rfc2119" title="may">
-may
-</em>
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="may"><ins class="diff-chg">
+may
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
specify
an
+</ins>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
-to
-a
-valid
+<del class="diff-old">s
+</del>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">be
+specified
+in
+</del>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">relative
+form.
+For
+subject
+and
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">valid
JSON-LD
document.
-<del class="diff-old">If
-an
-IRI
-is
-specified,
-the
-external
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">The
+The
referenced
-</ins>
-document
-<em class="rfc2119" title="must">
+document
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-chg">
must
-</em>
-<del class="diff-old">be
-dereferenced
-and
-the
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">have
-a
-</ins>
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+have
+a
top-level
-<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json_object" href="#dfn-json_object">
-<ins class="diff-new">JSON
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json_object" href="#dfn-json_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON
Object
-</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
The
value
of
any
-</ins>
-<code>
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
@context
-</code>
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
key
-<del class="diff-old">in
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">within
-that
+within
+that
+</ins>
object
-is
+<del class="diff-old">IRIs,
+relative
+IRIs
+are
+resolved
+against
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
substituted
for
-</ins>
-the
-<del class="diff-old">JSON
-Object
-must
-be
-overlayed
-on
-top
-of
-</del>
-<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
-<ins class="diff-chg">IRI
+the
+</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
within
</ins>
the
-<del class="diff-old">current
-active
-context.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">referencing
-document
-to
+<ins class="diff-new">referencing
+</ins>
+document
+<del class="diff-old">base
+using
+section
+5.1
+Establishing
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">to
have
the
same
@@ -7312,9 +7267,7 @@
the
referencing
document.
-</ins>
-</p>
-<p>
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
The
following
example
@@ -7325,64 +7278,46 @@
an
external
context:
-</p>
-<del class="diff-old">{
- ,
- "name": "Manu Sporny",
- "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
- "avatar": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"
-</del>
-<pre class="example">{
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
<span class="diff">"@context": "http://example.org/json-ld-contexts/person"</span>,
-<ins class="diff-chg"> "name": "Manu Sporny",
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ "name": "Manu Sporny",
"homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
"avatar": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"
-</ins>
-}
-</pre>
-<p>
+}
+</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
Authors
may
also
import
multiple
contexts
-<ins class="diff-new">or
-a
-combination
-of
-external
+or
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">Base
+URI
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">combination
+</ins>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">[
+RFC3986
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">external
and
local
contexts
-</ins>
by
specifying
a
list
of
-<del class="diff-old">contexts
-to
-import:
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">contexts:
-</ins>
-</p>
-<del class="diff-old">{
-
- "name": "Manu Sporny",
- "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
- "avatar": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"
- "celebrates":
- {
- "@type": "Event",
- "description": "International Talk Like a Pirate Day",
- "date": "R/2011-09-19"
- }
-</del>
-<pre class="example">{
+contexts:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
<span class="diff">"@context":
-<ins class="diff-chg"> [
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ [
"http://example.org/json-ld-contexts/person",
{ "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" },
"http://example.org/json-ld-contexts/event"
@@ -7397,10 +7332,8 @@
"description": "International Talk Like a Pirate Day",
"date": "R/2011-09-19"
}</span>
-</ins>
-}
-</pre>
-<p>
+}
+</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
Each
context
in
@@ -7411,73 +7344,105 @@
evaluated
in-order.
Duplicate
-<del class="diff-old">values
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">mappings
+mappings
within
the
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
context
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-s
-</ins>
-<em class="rfc2119" title="must">
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">].
+This
+value
+may
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">s
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-chg">
must
-</em>
-be
-overwritten
-on
-a
-last-defined-overrides
+</ins></em>
+be
+<del class="diff-old">explicitly
+set
+with
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">overwritten
+on
+</ins>
+a
+<ins class="diff-chg">last-defined-overrides
basis.
The
-context
-list
-<em class="rfc2119" title="must">
+</ins>
+context
+<ins class="diff-new">list
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-new">
must
-</em>
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
contain
either
de-referenceable
-<del class="diff-old">IRIs
-</del>
-<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
-<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
-<ins class="diff-chg">IRI
-</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-s
-</ins>
-or
-<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json_object" href="#dfn-json_object">
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">using
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">s
+or
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json_object" href="#dfn-json_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
JSON
Object
-</a>
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
s
that
conform
to
-the
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">@base
+keyword.
+</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
-context
-</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
syntax
as
described
in
this
document.
-</p>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-new">An
+</ins>
+</p>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">For
+example,
+if
+a
+JSON-LD
+document
+was
+retrieved
+from
+http://manu.sporny.org/
+,
+relative
+IRIs
+would
+resolve
+against
+that
+URI:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">An
author
may
nest
contexts
within
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json_object" href="#dfn-json_object"><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json_object" href="#dfn-json_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
JSON
object
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
s,
with
the
@@ -7492,10 +7457,16 @@
previously
defined
contexts:
-</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+</ins>
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+ ,
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage: ""
+</del>
+<pre class="example">{
<span class="diff">"@context":
-<ins class="diff-new">
- {
+<ins class="diff-chg"> {
"name": "http://example.com/person#name",
"details": "http://example.com/person#details"
},</span>
@@ -7504,38 +7475,77 @@
"details":
{
</ins> <span class="diff">"@context": { "name": "http://example.com/organization#name" },</span>
-<ins class="diff-new">
+<ins class="diff-chg">
"<span class="diff">name</span>": "Acme, Ltd."
}
-}
-</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-new">
-In
-the
-example
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">This
+document
+uses
+an
+empty
+@subject
+,
+which
+resolves
+to
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">In
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">document
+base.
+However,
+if
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">example
above,
-the
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-name
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
-prefix
-is
-overridden
-in
-the
-more
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">document
+</del>
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">name
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+prefix
+</ins>
+is
+<del class="diff-old">moved
+to
+a
+different
+location,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">overridden
+in
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">subject
+IRI
+would
+change.
+To
+prevent
+this,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">more
deeply
nested
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
details
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
structure.
Note
that
this
is
rarely
-a
-good
+</ins>
+a
+<ins class="diff-chg">good
authoring
practice
and
@@ -7555,44 +7565,66 @@
of
the
object.
-</ins></p><p>
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
External
JSON-LD
-context
-documents
-<em class="rfc2119" title="may">
-may
+</ins>
+context
+<ins class="diff-chg">documents
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="may">
+may
+<del class="diff-old">have
+a
+</del>
</em>
-contain
+<ins class="diff-chg">contain
extra
information
located
outside
of
the
-<code>
-@context
-</code>
-key,
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@base
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@context
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">mapping,
+to
+set
+an
+absolute
+base
+for
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key,
such
as
documentation
about
-the
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">document
+</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">
-prefix
-</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">prefix
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
es
declared
-in
-the
+</ins>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">spite
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
document.
-<ins class="diff-new">When
+When
importing
a
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
@context
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
value
from
an
@@ -7605,38 +7637,58 @@
information
contained
outside
-of
-the
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">where
+it
+actually
+is
+retrieved
+from.
+It
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
@context
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
-value
-</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins>
+<em class="rfc2119" title="must">
must
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
-be
+</em>
+<del class="diff-old">have
+a
+value
+of
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">be
discarded.
-</ins>
It
is
also
-<em class="rfc2119" title="recommended">
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="recommended"><ins class="diff-chg">
recommended
-</em>
-that
-a
-human-readable
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+that
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">simple
+string
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">human-readable
document
encoded
in
HTML+RDFa
[
-<cite>
-<a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-HTML-RDFA">
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-HTML-RDFA"><ins class="diff-chg">
HTML-RDFA
-</a>
+</ins>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">with
+</del>
</cite>
-]
+<ins class="diff-chg">]
or
other
Linked
@@ -7649,31 +7701,72 @@
well
to
explain
-the
-correct
+</ins>
+the
+<del class="diff-old">lexical
+form
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">correct
usage
-of
-the
+</ins>
+of
+<del class="diff-old">an
+absolute
+IRI
+.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
JSON-LD
context
document.
-</p>
+</ins>
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+ ,
+ "@subject": "about/",
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage: ""
+}
+</del>
</div>
<div id="expanded-term-definition" class="section">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
4.2
</span>
-<del class="diff-old">Vocabulary
+<del class="diff-old">Default
+Vocabulary
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">Expanded
Term
Definition
-</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-Within
-a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
-context
+</ins>
+</h3>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">It
+is
+often
+common
+that
+all
+types
+and
+properties
+come
+from
+the
+same
+vocabulary.
+JSON-LD
+provides
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Within
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">way
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
+<ins class="diff-chg">context
</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
definition,
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-chg">
@@ -7689,8 +7782,14 @@
an
expanded
notation
-to
-allow
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">set
+a
+base
+URI
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">allow
for
additional
information
@@ -7698,17 +7797,39 @@
with
the
term
-to
-be
-specified
+</ins>
+to
+be
+<del class="diff-old">used
+for
+all
+properties
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">specified
(see
</ins><a href="#type-coerceion"><ins class="diff-chg">
Type
Coercion
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-and
-</ins><a href="#rdf-collection"><ins class="diff-chg">
-Lists
+</ins></a>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">types
+that
+aren't
+based
+on
+terms,
+prefixes
+or
+absolute
+IRIs.
+Much
+like
+the
+@base
+keyword,
+</del>
+<a href="#rdf-collection">
+<ins class="diff-chg">Lists
</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
).
</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
@@ -7722,11 +7843,11 @@
an
</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
IRI
-</ins></abbr>,<ins class="diff-chg">
-the
-</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-chg">
+</ins></abbr>,
+the
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+<ins class="diff-new">IRI
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
is
specified
using
@@ -7734,10 +7855,17 @@
object
having
an
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@id
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-key.
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@vocab
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@id
+</ins>
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">keyword
+can
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key.
The
value
of
@@ -7745,15 +7873,43 @@
key
</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-chg">
must
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
-be
+</ins></em>
+be
+<del class="diff-old">used
+to
+set
+a
+base
+IRI
+to
+use
+for
+all
+types
+and
+properties
+that
+don't
+otherwise
+resolve
+to
+</del>
an
absolute
-</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr>.</p><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-chg">
- "@context": {
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+<del class="diff-old">.
+{
+
+ ,
+ "name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
+ "avatar": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"
+</del>
+</abbr>.
+</p>
+<pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "@context": {
"name": <span class="diff">{"@id": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name"}</span>,
"homepage": <span class="diff">{"@id": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage"}</span>,
"avatar": <span class="diff">{"@id": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/avatar"}</span>
@@ -7761,17 +7917,19 @@
"name": "Manu Sporny",
"homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
"avatar": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"
-}
-</ins></pre><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
-There
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p class="issue">
+<ins class="diff-new">There
is
an
open
issue
(
-</ins><a href="https://github.com/json-ld/json-ld.org/issues/43" target="_blank"><ins class="diff-chg">
+</ins><a href="https://github.com/json-ld/json-ld.org/issues/43" target="_blank"><ins class="diff-new">
#43
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
)
on
allowing
@@ -7782,9 +7940,9 @@
position
to
allow
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="coercion" href="#dfn-coercion"><ins class="diff-chg">
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="coercion" href="#dfn-coercion"><ins class="diff-new">
coercion
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
to
be
specified
@@ -7793,12 +7951,17 @@
or
absolute
IRIs.
-</ins></p></div><div id="default-language" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+</ins></p>
+</div>
+<div id="default-language" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
4.3
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+</span>
Default
Language
-</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+</h3>
+<p>
JSON-LD
allows
a
@@ -7810,10 +7973,10 @@
the
language
for
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="plain_literal" href="#dfn-plain_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="plain_literal" href="#dfn-plain_literal">
plain
literal
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+</a>
s.
It
is
@@ -7831,10 +7994,10 @@
As
described
in
-</ins><a href="string-internationalization"><ins class="diff-chg">
+<a href="string-internationalization">
String
Internationalization
-</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+</a>,
a
language-tagged
literal
@@ -7843,18 +8006,32 @@
specified
as
follows:
-</ins></p><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-chg">
-...
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+...
+ "name":
+ {
+ "@literal": "花澄",
+ "@language": "ja"
+ }
+...
+</del>
+<pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">...
"name":
{
"@value": "花澄",
"@language": "ja"
}
...
-}
-</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-It
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">By
+specifying
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">It
is
also
possible
@@ -7871,10 +8048,13 @@
by
setting
the
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+</ins>
+<code>
@language
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-key
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">within
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">key
in
the
</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
@@ -7896,9 +8076,20 @@
above
would
generate
-a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="plain_literal" href="#dfn-plain_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
-plain
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">context
+,
+multiple
+language-tagged
+literals
+may
+be
+marked
+up
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="plain_literal" href="#dfn-plain_literal">
+<ins class="diff-chg">plain
literal
</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
for
@@ -7930,16 +8121,29 @@
default
language
by
-using
-the
+</ins>
+using
+<ins class="diff-new">the
expanded
form
of
-a
-literal:
-</ins></p><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-chg">
- "@context:"
+</ins>
+a
+<del class="diff-old">simple
+string
+form:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">literal:
+</ins>
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+ ,
+...
+ "name":
+...
+</del>
+<pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "@context:"
{
"@language": "ja"
},
@@ -7951,9 +8155,11 @@
"@language": "en"
}</span>
...
-}
-</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-It
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">It
is
also
possible
@@ -7994,9 +8200,13 @@
}</span>
...
}
-</ins></pre></div><div id="prefixes" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+</ins></pre></div><div id="prefixes" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
4.4
-</ins></span>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Vocabulary
+</del>
Prefixes
</h3>
<p>
@@ -8074,11 +8284,9 @@
size
of
the
-<del class="diff-old">context,
-</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
-<ins class="diff-chg">context
-</ins></a>,
+context
+</a>,
the
third
is
@@ -8140,10 +8348,7 @@
and
a
<em>
-<del class="diff-old">term
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">suffix
-</ins>
+suffix
</em>
separated
by
@@ -8157,21 +8362,23 @@
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">
prefix
</a>
-<ins class="diff-new">is
-a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term"><ins class="diff-new">
-term
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
+term
+</a>
taken
from
the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context">
active
context
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-and
-</ins>
-is
+<del class="diff-old">,
+</del>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">and
+is
+</ins>
a
short
string
@@ -8247,10 +8454,8 @@
version
of
the
-<del class="diff-old">full
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">absolute
-</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+absolute
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
for
@@ -8436,11 +8641,9 @@
in
the
JSON-LD
-<del class="diff-old">context.
-</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
-<ins class="diff-chg">context
-</ins></a>.
+context
+</a>.
This
reduces
document
@@ -8556,11 +8759,9 @@
the
application's
JSON-LD
-<del class="diff-old">context.
-</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
-<ins class="diff-chg">context
-</ins></a>.
+context
+</a>.
</p>
<p>
Consider
@@ -8639,10 +8840,7 @@
using
the
<code>
-<del class="diff-old">prefix:term
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">prefix:suffix
-</ins>
+prefix:suffix
</code>
notation.
</p>
@@ -8698,14 +8896,12 @@
required
to
disambiguate
-<del class="diff-old">IRIs
-</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
-<ins class="diff-chg">IRI
-</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-s
-</ins>
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>
+s
in
a
JSON-LD
@@ -8721,9 +8917,10 @@
<div id="iri-expansion-within-context" class="section">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
-<ins class="diff-new">4.5
-</ins></span><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
-IRI
+4.5
+</span>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+<ins class="diff-new">IRI
</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
Expansion
within
@@ -8947,15 +9144,9 @@
},
...
}
-</ins></pre></div>
-<div id="automatic-typing" class="section">
-<h3>
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.3
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">4.6
-</ins>
-</span>
+</ins></pre></div><div id="automatic-typing" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+4.6
+</ins></span>
Automatic
Typing
</h3>
@@ -9191,7 +9382,7 @@
<div id="type-coercion" class="section">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.4
+<del class="diff-old">4.6
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">4.7
</ins>
@@ -9237,14 +9428,12 @@
of
data
type
-<del class="diff-old">IRIs
-</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
-<ins class="diff-chg">IRI
-</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-s
-</ins>
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>
+s
to
property
types.
@@ -9495,11 +9684,75 @@
</ins>
.
</pre>
+<del class="diff-old">The
+mechanism
+for
+type
+coercion
+is
+still
+being
+debated.
+It
+may
+be
+that
+the
+key/value
+positions
+are
+swapped,
+yielding
+a
+@context
+such
+as
+the
+following:
+{
+ "@context": {
+ "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
+ "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "age": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age",
+ "homepage": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
+ "currentProject": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/currentProject",
+ "@coerce": {
+ "age": "xsd:integer",
+ "homepage": "@iri",
+ "currentProject": ["@iri", "@list"]
+ }
+ },
+ ...
+}
+An
+alternative
+is
+to
+merge
+the
+coercion
+into
+term
+definitions:
+{
+ "@context":
+ {
+ "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
+ "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "age": ,
+ "homepage": ,
+ "currentProject": ,
+ },
+ ...
+}
+</del>
</div>
<div id="chaining" class="section">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.5
+<del class="diff-old">4.7
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">4.8
</ins>
@@ -9613,7 +9866,7 @@
<div id="identifying-unlabeled-nodes" class="section">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.6
+<del class="diff-old">4.8
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">4.9
</ins>
@@ -9767,10 +10020,8 @@
generating
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data" href="#dfn-linked_data">
Linked
-<del class="diff-old">Data.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Data
-</ins></a>.
+Data
+</a>.
If
a
developer
@@ -9794,18 +10045,17 @@
using
a
resolve-able
-<del class="diff-old">IRI.
-</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
-<ins class="diff-chg">IRI
-</ins></abbr></a>.
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>.
</p>
</div>
<div id="aliasing-keywords" class="section">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.7
+<del class="diff-old">4.9
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">4.10
</ins>
@@ -9853,11 +10103,9 @@
only
the
JSON-LD
-<del class="diff-old">context.
-</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
-<ins class="diff-chg">context
-</ins></a>.
+context
+</a>.
</p>
<del class="diff-old">{
"@context":
@@ -9920,213 +10168,48 @@
<div class="appendix section" id="markup-examples">
<h2>
<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.8
+<del class="diff-old">5.
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">A.
</ins>
</span>
-<del class="diff-old">Normalization
+<del class="diff-old">Using
+JSON-LD
+for
+RDF
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">Markup
Examples
-</ins></h2>
-<p>
-<del class="diff-old">Normalization
-is
-the
-process
-of
-taking
-JSON-LD
-input
-and
-performing
-a
-deterministic
-transformation
-on
-that
-input
-that
-results
-in
-a
-</del>
-JSON-LD
-<del class="diff-old">output
-that
-any
-conforming
-JSON-LD
-processor
-would
-have
-generated
-given
-the
-same
-input.
-The
-problem
-is
-a
-fairly
-difficult
-technical
-problem
-to
-solve
-because
-it
-requires
-a
-directed
-graph
-to
-be
-ordered
-into
-a
-set
-of
-nodes
-and
-edges
-in
-a
-deterministic
-way.
-This
-is
-easy
-to
-do
-when
-all
-of
-the
-nodes
-have
-unique
-names,
-but
-very
-difficult
-to
-do
-when
-some
-of
-the
-nodes
-are
-not
-labeled.
-Normalization
-</del>
-is
-<del class="diff-old">useful
-when
-comparing
-two
-graphs
-against
-one
-another,
-when
-generating
-</del>
-a
-<del class="diff-old">detailed
-list
-of
-differences
-between
-two
-graphs,
-and
-when
-generating
-a
-cryptographic
-digital
-signature
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">specification
-</ins>
-for
-<del class="diff-old">information
-contained
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">representing
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data" href="#dfn-linked_data"><ins class="diff-chg">
-Linked
-Data
-</ins></a>
-in
-<del class="diff-old">a
-graph
-or
-when
-generating
-a
-hash
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">JSON.
+</ins>
+</h2>
+<p>
+JSON-LD
+is
+a
+specification
+for
+representing
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data" href="#dfn-linked_data">
+Linked
+Data
+</a>
+in
+JSON.
A
common
way
-</ins>
-of
-<del class="diff-old">the
-information
-contained
-in
-a
-graph.
-The
-example
-below
-is
-an
-un-normalized
-JSON-LD
-document:
-{
- "@context":
- {
- "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
- "homepage": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
- "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
- "@coerce":
- {
- "@iri": ["homepage"]
- }
- },
- "name": "Manu Sporny",
- "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
-}
-The
-example
-below
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">working
-with
-Linked
-Data
-</ins>
-is
-<ins class="diff-new">through
-</ins><dfn title="rdf" id="dfn-rdf"><ins class="diff-new">
+of
+working
+with
+Linked
+Data
+is
+through
+<dfn title="rdf" id="dfn-rdf">
RDF
-</ins></dfn>,
-the
-<del class="diff-old">normalized
-form
-of
-the
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Resource
+</dfn>,
+the
+Resource
Description
Framework.
RDF
@@ -10134,140 +10217,81 @@
be
expressed
using
-</ins>
-JSON-LD
-<del class="diff-old">document
-above:
-Whitespace
-is
-used
-below
-to
-aid
-readability.
-The
-normalization
-algorithm
-for
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">by
+JSON-LD
+by
associating
-</ins>
-JSON-LD
-<del class="diff-old">removes
-all
-unnecessary
-whitespace
-in
-the
-fully
-normalized
-form.
-[{
- "@subject":
- {
- "@iri": "_:c14n0"
- },
- "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage":
- {
- "@iri": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
- },
- "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": "Manu Sporny"
-}]
-Notice
-how
-all
-of
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">concepts
+JSON-LD
+concepts
such
as
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@id
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-and
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@subject
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@id
+</ins>
+</code>
+and
+<code>
@type
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-with
-</ins>
-the
-<del class="diff-old">term
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">equivalent
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr>
-</a>
-s
-<del class="diff-old">have
-been
-expanded
-and
-sorted
-</del>
-in
-<del class="diff-old">alphabetical
-order.
-Also,
-notice
-how
-the
-subject
-has
-been
-labeled
-with
-a
-blank
-node
-identifier
-.
-Normalization
-ensures
-that
-any
-arbitrary
-graph
-containing
-exactly
-the
-same
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">RDF.
+</code>
+with
+the
+equivalent
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>
+s
+in
+RDF.
Further
-</ins>
information
-<del class="diff-old">would
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">about
+about
RDF
may
-</ins>
-be
-<del class="diff-old">normalized
-to
-exactly
-the
-same
-form
-shown
-above.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">found
-in
-[
-</ins><cite>
-<del class="diff-old">A.
+be
+found
+in
+[
+<cite>
+<a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-PRIMER">
+RDF-PRIMER
+</a>
+</cite>
+].
+</p>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">Some
+examples
+of
+encoding
+RDF
+into
+JSON-LD
+may
+be
+found
+in
+Appendix
+A
+.
+Details
+of
+transforming
+JSON-LD
+into
+RDF
+are
+defined
+in
+[
+JSON-LD-API
+].
+A.
Markup
Examples
</del>
-<a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-PRIMER">
-<ins class="diff-chg">RDF-PRIMER
-</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
-].
-</ins></p>
-<p>
The
JSON-LD
markup
@@ -10342,33 +10366,43 @@
<span class="secno">
A.1
</span>
-<ins class="diff-new">Turtle
-</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-new">
+Turtle
+</h3>
+<p>
The
following
are
examples
of
representing
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf" href="#dfn-rdf"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf" href="#dfn-rdf">
RDF
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
as
expressed
in
[
-</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-TURTLE"><ins class="diff-new">
+<cite>
+<a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-TURTLE">
TURTLE
-</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
+</cite>
]
into
JSON-LD.
-</ins></p><div id="prefix-definitions" class="section"><h4><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+</p>
+<div id="prefix-definitions" class="section">
+<h4>
+<span class="secno">
A.1.1
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
+</span>
Prefix
+<del class="diff-old">and
+Base
+</del>
definitions
-</ins></h4><p><ins class="diff-new">
+</h4>
+<p>
The
JSON-LD
context
@@ -10376,23 +10410,49 @@
direct
equivalents
for
-the
+<ins class="diff-new">the
+</ins>
Turtle
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@base
+and
+</del>
@prefix
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
-declaration:
-</ins></p><pre class="example">@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
-<ins class="diff-new">
-
+</code>
+<del class="diff-old">expressions:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">declaration:
+</ins>
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">@base <http://manu.sporny.org/> .
+@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+<#me> a foaf:Person;
+ foaf:name "Manu Sporny";
+</del>
+<pre class="example">@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+<ins class="diff-chg">
<http://manu.sporny.org/#me> a foaf:Person;
foaf:name "Manu Sporny";
+</ins>
foaf:homepage
-<http://manu.sporny.org/>
-.
-</ins></pre><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-new">
- "@context": {
+<del class="diff-old"><>
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg"><http://manu.sporny.org/>
+</ins>
+.
+</pre>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+ "@context": {
+ "@base": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
+ "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"
+ },
+ "@subject": "#me",
+ "@type": "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "foaf:homepage": {"@iri": ""}
+</del>
+<pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "@context": {
"foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"
},
"@id": "http://manu.sporny.org/#me",
@@ -10400,7 +10460,7 @@
"foaf:name": "Manu Sporny",
"foaf:homepage": { "@id": "http://manu.sporny.org/" }
}
-</ins></pre><div class="note"><p><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins></pre><div class="note"><p><ins class="diff-chg">
JSON-LD
has
no
@@ -10408,9 +10468,9 @@
for
the
Turtle
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
@base
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
declaration.
Authors
could,
@@ -10438,25 +10498,32 @@
similar
effect
to
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
@base
</ins></code>:</p><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-new">
+<ins class="diff-chg">
"@context": {
</ins> <span class="diff">"": "http://manu.sporny.org/",</span>
-<ins class="diff-new">
+<ins class="diff-chg">
"foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"
},
"@id": <span class="diff">":#me"</span>,
"@type": "foaf:Person",
"foaf:name": "Manu Sporny",
"foaf:homepage": { "@id": <span class="diff">":" </span>}
-}
-</ins></pre></div></div><div id="chaining-1" class="section"><h4><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="chaining-1" class="section">
+<h4>
+<span class="secno">
A.1.2
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
+</span>
Chaining
-</ins></h4><p><ins class="diff-new">
+</h4>
+<p>
Both
Turtle
and
@@ -10477,24 +10544,48 @@
nlank
node
identifiers.
-</ins></p></div><pre class="example">@base <http://manu.sporny.org/> .
-<ins class="diff-new">
+</p>
+</div>
+<del class="diff-old">@base <http://manu.sporny.org/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+<#me> a foaf:Person;
+ foaf:name "Manu Sporny";
+</del>
+<pre class="example">@base <http://manu.sporny.org/> .
+<ins class="diff-chg">@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
<#me> a foaf:Person;
foaf:name "Manu Sporny";
+</ins>
foaf:knows
[
a
foaf:Person;
foaf:name
-"Gregg
+<del class="diff-old">"Gregg
+Kellogg"
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">"Gregg
Kellogg"
+</ins>
]
.
-</ins></pre><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-new">
- "@context": {
+</pre>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+ "@context": {
+ "@base": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
+ "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"
+ },
+ "@subject": "#me",
+ "@type": "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "foaf:knows": {
+ "@type": "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:name": "Gregg Kellogg"
+ }
+</del>
+<pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "@context": {
"": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
"foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"
},
@@ -10505,12 +10596,17 @@
"@type": "foaf:Person",
"foaf:name": "Gregg Kellogg"
}
-}
-</ins></pre><div id="lists" class="section"><h4><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<div id="lists" class="section">
+<h4>
+<span class="secno">
A.1.3
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
+</span>
Lists
-</ins></h4><p><ins class="diff-new">
+</h4>
+<p>
Both
JSON-LD
and
@@ -10521,30 +10617,56 @@
lists
of
values.
-</ins></p><pre class="example">@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
-<ins class="diff-new">
-
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+<http://example.org/people#joebob> a foaf:Person;
+ foaf:name "Joe Bob";
+</del>
+<pre class="example">@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+<ins class="diff-chg">
<http://example.org/people#joebob> a foaf:Person;
foaf:name "Joe Bob";
+</ins>
foaf:nick
(
-"joe"
+<del class="diff-old">"joe"
+"bob"
+"jaybee")
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">"joe"
"bob"
"jaybee")
-.
-</ins></pre><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-new">
- "@context": {
+</ins>
+.
+</pre>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+ "@context": {
+ "@base": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
+ "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"
+ },
+ "@subject": "http://example.org/people#joebob",
+ "@type": "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:name": "Joe Bob",
+ "foaf:nick": {"@list": ["joe", "bob", "jaybe"]}
+</del>
+<pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "@context": {
"foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"
},
"@id": "http://example.org/people#joebob",
"@type": "foaf:Person",
"foaf:name": "Joe Bob",
"foaf:nick": { "@list": [ "joe", "bob", "jaybe" ] }
-}
-</ins></pre></div></div><div id="rdfa" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="rdfa" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
A.2
-</ins></span>
+</span>
RDFa
</h3>
<p>
@@ -10668,10 +10790,7 @@
<div id="microformats" class="section">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">A.2
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">A.3
-</ins>
+A.3
</span>
Microformats
</h3>
@@ -10782,10 +10901,7 @@
<div id="microdata" class="section">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">A.3
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">A.4
-</ins>
+A.4
</span>
Microdata
</h3>
@@ -10893,14 +11009,10 @@
by
their
full
-<del class="diff-old">IRI.
-</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
-<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
-<ins class="diff-chg">IRI
-</ins></abbr></a>.
-</p>
-<del class="diff-old">[
+<del class="diff-old">IRI
+.
+[
{
"@subject": "http://purl.oreilly.com/works/45U8QJGZSQKDH8N",
"@type": "http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Work",
@@ -10919,6 +11031,2298 @@
"@type": "http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Expression",
"http://purl.org/dc/terms/type": "http://purl.oreilly.com/product-types/EBOOK"
}
+]
+</del>
+<del class="diff-old">B.
+Mashing
+Up
+Vocabularies
+Developers
+would
+also
+benefit
+by
+allowing
+other
+vocabularies
+to
+be
+used
+automatically
+with
+their
+JSON
+API.
+There
+are
+over
+200
+Web
+Vocabulary
+Documents
+that
+are
+available
+for
+use
+on
+the
+Web
+today.
+Some
+of
+these
+vocabularies
+are:
+RDF
+-
+for
+describing
+information
+about
+objects
+and
+concepts
+on
+the
+Web.
+RDFS
+-
+for
+expressing
+things
+like
+labels
+and
+comments.
+XSD
+-
+for
+specifying
+basic
+types
+like
+strings,
+integers,
+dates
+and
+times.
+Dublin
+Core
+-
+for
+describing
+creative
+works.
+FOAF
+-
+for
+describing
+social
+networks.
+Calendar
+-
+for
+specifying
+events.
+SIOC
+-
+for
+describing
+discussions
+on
+blogs
+and
+websites.
+CCrel
+-
+for
+describing
+Creative
+Commons
+and
+other
+types
+of
+licenses.
+GEO
+-
+for
+describing
+geographic
+location.
+VCard
+-
+for
+describing
+organizations
+and
+people.
+DOAP
+-
+for
+describing
+projects.
+You
+can
+use
+these
+vocabularies
+in
+combination,
+like
+so:
+{
+ "",
+ "": "Manu Sporny",
+ "": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
+ "": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"
+}
+Developers
+can
+also
+specify
+their
+own
+Vocabulary
+documents
+by
+modifying
+the
+active
+context
+in-line
+using
+the
+@context
+keyword,
+like
+so:
+{
+ ,
+ "@type": "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "foaf:homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
+ "sioc:avatar": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny",
+ "myvocab:personality": "friendly"
+}
+The
+@context
+keyword
+is
+used
+to
+change
+how
+the
+JSON-LD
+processor
+evaluates
+key-value
+pairs.
+In
+this
+case,
+it
+was
+used
+to
+map
+one
+string
+('myvocab')
+to
+another
+string,
+which
+is
+interpreted
+as
+a
+</del>
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+<del class="diff-old">.
+In
+the
+example
+above,
+the
+myvocab
+string
+is
+replaced
+with
+"
+http://example.org/myvocab#
+"
+when
+it
+is
+detected.
+In
+the
+example
+above,
+"
+myvocab:personality
+"
+would
+expand
+to
+"
+http://example.org/myvocab#personality
+".
+This
+mechanism
+is
+a
+short-hand,
+called
+a
+Web
+Vocabulary
+prefix
+,
+and
+provides
+developers
+an
+unambiguous
+way
+to
+map
+any
+JSON
+value
+to
+RDF.
+C.
+IANA
+Considerations
+This
+section
+is
+included
+merely
+for
+standards
+community
+review
+and
+will
+be
+submitted
+to
+the
+Internet
+Engineering
+Steering
+Group
+if
+this
+specification
+becomes
+a
+W3C
+Recommendation.
+Type
+name:
+application
+Subtype
+name:
+ld+json
+Required
+parameters:
+None
+Optional
+parameters:
+form
+Determines
+the
+serialization
+form
+for
+the
+JSON-LD
+document.
+Valid
+values
+include;
+compacted
+,
+expanded
+,
+framed
+,
+and
+normalized
+.
+Other
+values
+are
+allowed,
+but
+must
+be
+pre-pended
+with
+a
+x-
+string
+until
+they
+are
+clearly
+defined
+by
+a
+stable
+specification.
+If
+no
+form
+is
+specified
+in
+an
+HTTP
+request
+header
+to
+a
+responding
+application,
+such
+as
+a
+Web
+server,
+the
+application
+may
+choose
+any
+form.
+If
+no
+form
+is
+specified
+for
+a
+receiving
+application,
+the
+form
+must
+not
+be
+assumed
+to
+take
+any
+particular
+form.
+It
+is
+currently
+being
+discussed
+to
+remove
+form=framed
+from
+this
+specification
+as
+there
+are
+several
+issues
+with
+it.
+Encoding
+considerations:
+The
+same
+as
+the
+application/json
+MIME
+media
+type.
+Security
+considerations:
+Since
+JSON-LD
+is
+intended
+to
+be
+a
+pure
+data
+exchange
+format
+for
+directed
+graphs,
+the
+serialization
+should
+not
+be
+passed
+through
+a
+code
+execution
+mechanism
+such
+as
+JavaScript's
+eval()
+function.
+It
+is
+recommended
+that
+a
+conforming
+parser
+does
+not
+attempt
+to
+directly
+evaluate
+the
+JSON-LD
+serialization
+and
+instead
+purely
+parse
+the
+input
+into
+a
+language-native
+data
+structure.
+Interoperability
+considerations:
+Not
+Applicable
+Published
+specification:
+The
+JSON-LD
+specification.
+Applications
+that
+use
+this
+media
+type:
+Any
+programming
+environment
+that
+requires
+the
+exchange
+of
+directed
+graphs.
+Implementations
+of
+JSON-LD
+have
+been
+created
+for
+JavaScript,
+Python,
+Ruby,
+PHP
+and
+C++.
+Additional
+information:
+Magic
+number(s):
+Not
+Applicable
+File
+extension(s):
+.jsonld
+Macintosh
+file
+type
+code(s):
+TEXT
+Person
+&
+email
+address
+to
+contact
+for
+further
+information:
+Manu
+Sporny
+<msporny@digitalbazaar.com>
+Intended
+usage:
+Common
+Restrictions
+on
+usage:
+None
+Author(s):
+Manu
+Sporny,
+Gregg
+Kellogg,
+Dave
+Longley
+Change
+controller:
+W3C
+D.
+Acknowledgements
+The
+editors
+would
+like
+to
+thank
+Mark
+Birbeck,
+who
+provided
+a
+great
+deal
+of
+the
+initial
+push
+behind
+the
+JSON-LD
+work
+via
+his
+work
+on
+RDFj,
+Dave
+Longley,
+Dave
+Lehn
+and
+Mike
+Johnson
+who
+reviewed,
+provided
+feedback,
+and
+performed
+several
+implementations
+of
+the
+specification,
+and
+Ian
+Davis,
+who
+created
+RDF/JSON.
+Thanks
+also
+to
+Nathan
+Rixham,
+Bradley
+P.
+Allen,
+Kingsley
+Idehen,
+Glenn
+McDonald,
+Alexandre
+Passant,
+Danny
+Ayers,
+Ted
+Thibodeau
+Jr.,
+Olivier
+Grisel,
+Niklas
+Lindström,
+Markus
+Lanthaler,
+and
+Richard
+Cyganiak
+for
+their
+input
+on
+the
+specification.
+There
+appears
+to
+have
+been
+a
+problem
+fetching
+the
+style
+sheet;
+status=0
+E.
+References
+E.1
+Normative
+references
+[BCP47]
+A.
+Phillips,
+M.
+Davis.
+Tags
+for
+Identifying
+Languages
+September
+2009.
+IETF
+Best
+Current
+Practice.
+URL:
+http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt
+[RDF-CONCEPTS]
+Graham
+Klyne;
+Jeremy
+J.
+Carroll.
+Resource
+Description
+Framework
+(RDF):
+Concepts
+and
+Abstract
+Syntax.
+10
+February
+2004.
+W3C
+Recommendation.
+URL:
+http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210
+[RFC3987]
+M.
+Dürst;
+M.
+Suignard.
+Internationalized
+Resource
+Identifiers
+(IRIs).
+January
+2005.
+Internet
+RFC
+3987.
+URL:
+http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt
+[RFC4627]
+D.
+Crockford.
+The
+application/json
+Media
+Type
+for
+JavaScript
+Object
+Notation
+(JSON)
+July
+2006.
+Internet
+RFC
+4627.
+URL:
+http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt
+[WEBIDL]
+Cameron
+McCormack.
+Web
+IDL.
+19
+December
+2008.
+W3C
+Working
+Draft.
+(Work
+in
+progress.)
+URL:
+http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-WebIDL-20081219
+E.2
+Informative
+references
+[ECMA-262]
+ECMAScript
+Language
+Specification,
+Third
+Edition.
+December
+1999.
+URL:
+http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm
+[HTML-RDFA]
+Manu
+Sporny;
+et
+al.
+HTML+RDFa
+04
+March
+2010.
+W3C
+Working
+Draft.
+URL:
+http://www.w3.org/TR/rdfa-in-html/
+[JSON-LD-API]
+Manu
+Sporny,
+Gregg
+Kellogg,
+Dave
+Longley,
+Eds.
+JSON-LD
+API
+Latest.
+W3C
+Editor's
+Draft.
+URL:
+http://www.w3.org/2010/02/rdfa/sources/rdf-interfaces/
+[MICRODATA]
+Ian
+Hickson;
+et
+al.
+Microdata
+04
+March
+2010.
+W3C
+Working
+Draft.
+URL:
+http://www.w3.org/TR/microdata/
+[MICROFORMATS]
+Microformats
+.
+URL:
+http://microformats.org
+[RDF-PRIMER]
+Frank
+Manola;
+Eric
+Miller.
+RDF
+Primer.
+10
+February
+2004.
+W3C
+Recommendation.
+URL:
+http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-primer-20040210/
+[RDF-SCHEMA]
+Dan
+Brickley;
+Ramanathan
+V.
+Guha.
+RDF
+Vocabulary
+Description
+Language
+1.0:
+RDF
+Schema.
+10
+February
+2004.
+W3C
+Recommendation.
+URL:
+http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-schema-20040210
+[RDFA-CORE]
+Shane
+McCarron;
+et
+al.
+RDFa
+Core
+1.1:
+Syntax
+and
+processing
+rules
+for
+embedding
+RDF
+through
+attributes.
+31
+March
+JSON-LD
+Syntax
+1.0
+.diff
+{
+font-weight:bold;
+color:#0a3;
+}
+ol.algorithm.update
+{
+margin-left:
+2em;
+}
+ol.algorithm.update>li
+{
+list-style-type:
+none;
+}
+ol.algorithm.update>li>span.list-number
+{
+display:block;
+float:
+left;
+margin-left:
+-3.5em;
+}
+/*****************************************************************
+*
+ReSpec
+CSS
+*
+Robin
+Berjon
+(robin
+at
+berjon
+dot
+com)
+*
+v0.05
+-
+2009-07-31
+*****************************************************************/
+/*
+---
+INLINES
+---
+*/
+em.rfc2119
+{
+text-transform:
+lowercase;
+font-variant:
+small-caps;
+font-style:
+normal;
+color:
+#900;
+}
+h1
+acronym,
+h2
+acronym,
+h3
+acronym,
+h4
+acronym,
+h5
+acronym,
+h6
+acronym,
+a
+acronym,
+h1
+abbr,
+h2
+abbr,
+h3
+abbr,
+h4
+abbr,
+h5
+abbr,
+h6
+abbr,
+a
+abbr
+{
+border:
+none;
+}
+dfn
+{
+font-weight:
+bold;
+}
+a.internalDFN
+{
+color:
+inherit;
+border-bottom:
+1px
+solid
+#99c;
+text-decoration:
+none;
+}
+a.externalDFN
+{
+color:
+inherit;
+border-bottom:
+1px
+dotted
+#ccc;
+text-decoration:
+none;
+}
+a.bibref
+{
+text-decoration:
+none;
+}
+code
+{
+color:
+#ff4500;
+}
+/*
+---
+WEB
+IDL
+---
+*/
+pre.idl
+{
+border-top:
+1px
+solid
+#90b8de;
+border-bottom:
+1px
+solid
+#90b8de;
+padding:
+1em;
+line-height:
+120%;
+}
+pre.idl::before
+{
+content:
+"WebIDL";
+display:
+block;
+width:
+150px;
+background:
+#90b8de;
+color:
+#fff;
+font-family:
+initial;
+padding:
+3px;
+font-weight:
+bold;
+margin:
+-1em
+0
+1em
+-1em;
+}
+.idlType
+{
+color:
+#ff4500;
+font-weight:
+bold;
+text-decoration:
+none;
+}
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+/*.idlModuleID*/
+/*.idlInterface*/
+.idlInterfaceID,
+.idlDictionaryID
+{
+font-weight:
+bold;
+color:
+#005a9c;
+}
+.idlSuperclass
+{
+font-style:
+italic;
+color:
+#005a9c;
+}
+/*.idlAttribute*/
+.idlAttrType,
+.idlFieldType,
+.idlMemberType
+{
+color:
+#005a9c;
+}
+.idlAttrName,
+.idlFieldName,
+.idlMemberName
+{
+color:
+#ff4500;
+}
+.idlAttrName
+a,
+.idlFieldName
+a,
+.idlMemberName
+a
+{
+color:
+#ff4500;
+border-bottom:
+1px
+dotted
+#ff4500;
+text-decoration:
+none;
+}
+/*.idlMethod*/
+.idlMethType
+{
+color:
+#005a9c;
+}
+.idlMethName
+{
+color:
+#ff4500;
+}
+.idlMethName
+a
+{
+color:
+#ff4500;
+border-bottom:
+1px
+dotted
+#ff4500;
+text-decoration:
+none;
+}
+/*.idlParam*/
+.idlParamType
+{
+color:
+#005a9c;
+}
+.idlParamName
+{
+font-style:
+italic;
+}
+.extAttr
+{
+color:
+#666;
+}
+/*.idlConst*/
+.idlConstType
+{
+color:
+#005a9c;
+}
+.idlConstName
+{
+color:
+#ff4500;
+}
+.idlConstName
+a
+{
+color:
+#ff4500;
+border-bottom:
+1px
+dotted
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+text-decoration:
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+/*.idlException*/
+.idlExceptionID
+{
+font-weight:
+bold;
+color:
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+.idlRaises,
+.idlRaises
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+font-weight:
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+.excName
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+.excGetSetFalse,
+.prmNullTrue,
+.prmNullFalse,
+.prmOptTrue,
+.prmOptFalse
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+text-align:
+center;
+}
+.excGetSetTrue,
+.prmNullTrue,
+.prmOptTrue
+{
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+.excGetSetFalse,
+.prmNullFalse,
+.prmOptFalse
+{
+color:
+#c00;
+}
+.idlImplements
+a
+{
+font-weight:
+bold;
+}
+dl.attributes,
+dl.methods,
+dl.constants,
+dl.fields,
+dl.dictionary-members
+{
+margin-left:
+2em;
+}
+.attributes
+dt,
+.methods
+dt,
+.constants
+dt,
+.fields
+dt,
+.dictionary-members
+dt
+{
+font-weight:
+normal;
+}
+.attributes
+dt
+code,
+.methods
+dt
+code,
+.constants
+dt
+code,
+.fields
+dt
+code,
+.dictionary-members
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+{
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+bold;
+color:
+#000;
+font-family:
+monospace;
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+code,
+.fields
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+code,
+.dictionary-members
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+#ffffd2;
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+.idlAttrType
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+.fields
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+background:
+transparent;
+font-family:
+inherit;
+font-weight:
+normal;
+font-style:
+italic;
+}
+.methods
+dt
+code
+{
+background:
+#d9e6f8;
+}
+.constants
+dt
+code
+{
+background:
+#ddffd2;
+}
+.attributes
+dd,
+.methods
+dd,
+.constants
+dd,
+.fields
+dd,
+.dictionary-members
+dd
+{
+margin-bottom:
+1em;
+}
+table.parameters,
+table.exceptions
+{
+border-spacing:
+0;
+border-collapse:
+collapse;
+margin:
+0.5em
+0;
+width:
+100%;
+}
+table.parameters
+{
+border-bottom:
+1px
+solid
+#90b8de;
+}
+table.exceptions
+{
+border-bottom:
+1px
+solid
+#deb890;
+}
+.parameters
+th,
+.exceptions
+th
+{
+color:
+#fff;
+padding:
+3px
+5px;
+text-align:
+left;
+font-family:
+initial;
+font-weight:
+normal;
+text-shadow:
+#666
+1px
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+0;
+}
+.parameters
+th
+{
+background:
+#90b8de;
+}
+.exceptions
+th
+{
+background:
+#deb890;
+}
+.parameters
+td,
+.exceptions
+td
+{
+padding:
+3px
+10px;
+border-top:
+1px
+solid
+#ddd;
+vertical-align:
+top;
+}
+.parameters
+tr:first-child
+td,
+.exceptions
+tr:first-child
+td
+{
+border-top:
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+}
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+td.prmName,
+.exceptions
+td.excName,
+.exceptions
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+}
+.parameters
+td.prmType
+{
+width:
+120px;
+}
+table.exceptions
+table
+{
+border-spacing:
+0;
+border-collapse:
+collapse;
+width:
+100%;
+}
+/*
+---
+TOC
+---
+*/
+.toc
+a
+{
+text-decoration:
+none;
+}
+a
+.secno
+{
+color:
+#000;
+}
+/*
+---
+TABLE
+---
+*/
+table.simple
+{
+border-spacing:
+0;
+border-collapse:
+collapse;
+border-bottom:
+3px
+solid
+#005a9c;
+}
+.simple
+th
+{
+background:
+#005a9c;
+color:
+#fff;
+padding:
+3px
+5px;
+text-align:
+left;
+}
+.simple
+th[scope="row"]
+{
+background:
+inherit;
+color:
+inherit;
+border-top:
+1px
+solid
+#ddd;
+}
+.simple
+td
+{
+padding:
+3px
+10px;
+border-top:
+1px
+solid
+#ddd;
+}
+.simple
+tr:nth-child(even)
+{
+background:
+#f0f6ff;
+}
+/*
+---
+DL
+---
+*/
+.section
+dd
+>
+p:first-child
+{
+margin-top:
+0;
+}
+.section
+dd
+>
+p:last-child
+{
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+0;
+}
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+{
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+1em;
+}
+.section
+dl.attrs
+dd,
+.section
+dl.eldef
+dd
+{
+margin-bottom:
+0;
+}
+/*
+---
+EXAMPLES
+---
+*/
+pre.example
+{
+border-top:
+1px
+solid
+#ff4500;
+border-bottom:
+1px
+solid
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+pre.example::before
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+"Example";
+display:
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+width:
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+background:
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+color:
+#fff;
+font-family:
+initial;
+padding:
+3px;
+font-weight:
+bold;
+margin:
+-1em
+0
+1em
+-1em;
+}
+/*
+---
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+Perl...
+*/
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+.sh_bibtex
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+for
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+*/
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+{
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+.sh_newfile
+{
+color:
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+}
+pre.sh_sourceCode
+.sh_difflines
+{
+color:
+blue;
+}
+/*
+for
+css
+*/
+pre.sh_sourceCode
+.sh_selector
+{
+color:
+purple;
+}
+pre.sh_sourceCode
+.sh_property
+{
+color:
+blue;
+}
+pre.sh_sourceCode
+.sh_value
+{
+color:
+#006400;
+font-style:
+italic;
+}
+/*
+other
+*/
+pre.sh_sourceCode
+.sh_section
+{
+color:
+black;
+font-weight:
+bold;
+}
+pre.sh_sourceCode
+.sh_paren
+{
+color:
+red;
+}
+pre.sh_sourceCode
+.sh_attribute
+{
+color:
+#006400;
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+ol.algorithm
+{
+counter-reset:numsection;
+list-style-type:
+none;
+}
+ol.algorithm
+li
+{
+margin:
+0.5em
+0;
+}
+ol.algorithm
+li:before
+{
+font-weight:
+bold;
+counter-increment:
+numsection;
+content:
+counters(numsection,
+".")
+")
+";
+}
+JSON-LD
+Syntax
+1.0
+A
+Context-based
+JSON
+Serialization
+for
+Linking
+Data
+Unofficial
+Draft
+24
+October
+2011
+Editor:
+Manu
+Sporny
+,
+Digital
+Bazaar
+Authors:
+Manu
+Sporny
+,
+Digital
+Bazaar
+Dave
+Longley
+,
+Digital
+Bazaar
+Gregg
+Kellogg
+,
+Kellogg
+Associates
+Markus
+Lanthaler
+,
+Graz
+University
+of
+Technology
+Mark
+Birbeck
+,
+Backplane
+Ltd.
+This
+document
+is
+also
+available
+in
+this
+non-normative
+format:
+diff
+to
+previous
+version
+.
+</del>
+</abbr>
+<del class="diff-old">This
+document
+is
+licensed
+under
+a
+Creative
+Commons
+Attribution
+3.0
+License
+</del>
+</a>.
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">Abstract
+JSON
+[
+RFC4627
</del>
<pre class="example">[
<ins class="diff-chg"> {
@@ -10941,25 +13345,1547 @@
}
</ins>
]
-</pre>
-</div>
+<del class="diff-old">has
+proven
+to
+be
+a
+highly
+useful
+object
+serialization
+and
+messaging
+format.
+In
+an
+attempt
+to
+harmonize
+the
+representation
+of
+Linked
+Data
+in
+JSON,
+this
+specification
+outlines
+a
+common
+JSON
+representation
+format
+for
+expressing
+directed
+graphs;
+mixing
+both
+Linked
+Data
+and
+non-Linked
+Data
+in
+a
+single
+document.
+Status
+of
+This
+Document
+This
+document
+is
+merely
+a
+public
+working
+draft
+of
+a
+potential
+specification.
+It
+has
+no
+official
+standing
+of
+any
+kind
+and
+does
+not
+represent
+the
+support
+or
+consensus
+of
+any
+standards
+organisation.
+This
+document
+is
+an
+experimental
+work
+in
+progress.
+</del>
+</pre>
+</div>
+<del class="diff-old">Table
+of
+Contents
+1.
+Introduction
+1.1
+How
+to
+Read
+this
+Document
+1.2
+Syntax
+Tokens
+and
+Keywords
+1.3
+Contributing
+2.
+Design
+2.1
+Goals
+and
+Rationale
+2.2
+Linked
+Data
+2.3
+Linking
+Data
+2.4
+The
+Context
+2.4.1
+External
+Contexts
+2.5
+From
+JSON
+to
+JSON-LD
+3.
+Basic
+Concepts
+3.1
+IRIs
+3.2
+Identifying
+the
+Subject
+3.3
+Specifying
+the
+Type
+3.4
+Strings
+3.5
+String
+Internationalization
+3.6
+Typed
+Literals
+3.7
+Multiple
+Objects
+for
+a
+Single
+Property
+3.8
+Multiple
+Typed
+Literals
+for
+a
+Single
+Property
+3.9
+Lists
+4.
+Advanced
+Concepts
+4.1
+Base
+URI
+4.2
+Default
+Vocabulary
+4.3
+Default
+Language
+4.4
+Vocabulary
+Prefixes
+4.5
+Automatic
+Typing
+4.6
+Type
+Coercion
+4.7
+Chaining
+4.8
+Identifying
+Unlabeled
+Nodes
+4.9
+Aliasing
+Keywords
+5.
+Using
+JSON-LD
+for
+RDF
+A.
+Markup
+Examples
+A.1
+Turtle
+A.1.1
+Prefix
+and
+Base
+definitions
+A.1.2
+Chaining
+A.1.3
+Lists
+A.2
+RDFa
+A.3
+Microformats
+A.4
+Microdata
+B.
+Mashing
+Up
+Vocabularies
+C.
+IANA
+Considerations
+D.
+Acknowledgements
+E.
+References
+E.1
+Normative
+references
+E.2
+Informative
+references
+</del>
</div>
<div class="appendix section" id="linked-data">
<h2>
<span class="secno">
-B.
-</span>
-<ins class="diff-new">Linked
-Data
-</ins></h2><p><ins class="diff-new">
+<del class="diff-old">1.
+Introduction
+JSON,
+as
+specified
+in
+[
+RFC4627
+],
+is
+a
+simple
+language
+for
+representing
+data
+on
+the
+Web.
+Linked
+Data
+is
+a
+technique
+for
+creating
+a
+graph
+of
+interlinked
+data
+across
+different
+documents
+or
+Web
+sites.
+Data
+entities
+are
+described
+using
+IRI
+s,
+which
+are
+typically
+dereferencable
+and
+thus
+may
+be
+used
+to
+find
+more
+information
+about
+an
+entity,
+creating
+a
+"Web
+of
+Knowledge".
+JSON-LD
+is
+intended
+to
+be
+a
+simple
+publishing
+method
+for
+expressing
+not
+only
+Linked
+Data
+in
+JSON,
+but
+also
+for
+adding
+semantics
+to
+existing
+JSON.
+JSON-LD
+is
+designed
+as
+a
+light-weight
+syntax
+that
+can
+be
+used
+to
+express
+Linked
+Data
+.
+It
+is
+primarily
+intended
+to
+be
+a
+way
+to
+use
+Linked
+Data
+in
+Javascript
+and
+other
+Web-based
+programming
+environments.
+It
+is
+also
+useful
+when
+building
+interoperable
+Web
+services
+and
+when
+storing
+Linked
+Data
+in
+JSON-based
+document
+storage
+engines.
+It
+is
+practical
+and
+designed
+to
+be
+as
+simple
+as
+possible,
+utilizing
+the
+large
+number
+of
+JSON
+parsers
+and
+libraries
+available
+today.
+It
+is
+designed
+to
+be
+able
+to
+express
+key-value
+pairs,
+RDF
+data,
+RDFa
+[
+RDFA-CORE
+]
+data,
+Microformats
+[
+MICROFORMATS
+]
+data,
+and
+Microdata
+[
+MICRODATA
+].
+That
+is,
+it
+supports
+every
+major
+Web-based
+structured
+data
+model
+in
+use
+today.
+The
+syntax
+does
+not
+necessarily
+require
+applications
+to
+change
+their
+JSON,
+but
+allows
+to
+easily
+add
+meaning
+by
+adding
+context
+in
+a
+way
+that
+is
+either
+in-band
+or
+out-of-band.
+The
+syntax
+is
+designed
+to
+not
+disturb
+already
+deployed
+systems
+running
+on
+JSON,
+but
+provide
+a
+smooth
+upgrade
+path
+from
+JSON
+to
+JSON
+with
+added
+semantics.
+Finally,
+the
+format
+is
+intended
+to
+be
+easy
+to
+parse,
+efficient
+to
+generate,
+convertible
+to
+RDF
+in
+one
+pass,
+and
+require
+a
+very
+small
+memory
+footprint
+in
+order
+to
+operate.
+1.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">B.
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">How
+to
+Read
+this
+Document
+This
+document
+is
+a
+detailed
+specification
+for
+a
+serialization
+of
+</del>
+Linked
+Data
+<del class="diff-old">in
+JSON.
+The
+document
+is
+primarily
+intended
+for
+the
+following
+audiences:
+Web
+developers
+that
+want
+to
+understand
+the
+design
+decisions
+and
+language
+syntax
+for
+JSON-LD.
+Software
+developers
+that
+want
+to
+encode
+Microformats,
+RDFa,
+or
+Microdata
+in
+a
+way
+that
+is
+cross-language
+compatible
+via
+JSON.
+Software
+developers
+that
+want
+to
+implement
+processors
+and
+APIs
+for
+JSON-LD.
+This
+specification
+does
+not
+describe
+the
+processing
+algorithms
+and
+programming
+interfaces,
+for
+those
+see
+[
+JSON-LD-API
+].
+To
+understand
+the
+basics
+in
+this
+specification
+you
+must
+first
+be
+familiar
+with
+JSON,
+which
+is
+detailed
+in
+[
+RFC4627
+].
+To
+understand
+the
+API
+and
+how
+it
+is
+intended
+to
+operate
+in
+a
+programming
+environment,
+it
+is
+useful
+to
+have
+working
+knowledge
+of
+the
+JavaScript
+programming
+language
+[
+ECMA-262
+]
+and
+WebIDL
+[
+WEBIDL
+].
+To
+understand
+how
+JSON-LD
+maps
+to
+RDF,
+it
+is
+helpful
+to
+be
+familiar
+with
+the
+basic
+RDF
+concepts
+[
+RDF-CONCEPTS
+].
+Examples
+may
+contain
+references
+to
+existing
+vocabularies
+and
+use
+prefix
+es
+to
+refer
+to
+Web
+Vocabularies.
The
following
+is
+a
+list
+of
+all
+vocabularies
+and
+their
+prefix
+abbreviations,
+as
+used
+in
+this
+document:
+The
+Dublin
+Core
+vocabulary
+(abbreviation:
+dc
+,
+e.g.,
+dc:title
+)
+The
+Friend
+of
+a
+Friend
+vocabulary
+(abbreviation:
+foaf
+,
+e.g.,
+foaf:knows
+)
+The
+RDF
+vocabulary
+(abbreviation:
+rdf
+,
+e.g.,
+rdf:type
+)
+The
+XSD
+vocabulary
+(abbreviation:
+xsd
+,
+e.g.,
+xsd:integer
+)
+JSON
+[
+RFC4627
+]
+defines
+several
+terms
+which
+are
+used
+throughout
+this
+document:
+JSON
+Object
+An
+object
+structure
+is
+represented
+as
+a
+pair
+of
+curly
+brackets
+surrounding
+zero
+or
+more
+name/value
+pairs
+(or
+members).
+A
+name
+is
+a
+string
+.
+A
+single
+colon
+comes
+after
+each
+name,
+separating
+the
+name
+from
+the
+value.
+A
+single
+comma
+separates
+a
+value
+from
+a
+following
+name.
+The
+names
+within
+an
+object
+should
+be
+unique.
+array
+An
+array
+is
+an
+ordered
+collection
+of
+values.
+An
+array
+structure
+is
+represented
+as
+square
+brackets
+surrounding
+zero
+or
+more
+values
+(or
+elements).
+Elements
+are
+separated
+by
+commas.
+Within
+JSON-LD,
+array
+order
+is
+not
+preserved
+by
+default,
+unless
+specific
+markup
+is
+provided
+(see
+Lists
+).
+This
+is
+because
+the
+basic
+data
+model
+of
+JSON-LD
+is
+a
+linked
+data
+graph
+,
+which
+is
+inherently
+unordered.
+string
+A
+string
+is
+a
+sequence
+of
+zero
+or
+more
+Unicode
+characters,
+wrapped
+in
+double
+quotes,
+using
+backslash
+escapes.
+A
+character
+is
+represented
+as
+a
+single
+character
+string.
+number
+A
+number
+is
+is
+similar
+to
+that
+used
+in
+most
+programming
+languages,
+except
+that
+the
+octal
+and
+hexadecimal
+formats
+are
+not
+used
+and
+that
+leading
+zeros
+are
+not
+allowed.
+true
+and
+false
+Boolean
+values.
+null
+The
+use
+of
+the
+null
+value
+is
+undefined
+within
+JSON-LD.
+Supporting
+null
+in
+JSON-LD
+might
+have
+a
+number
+of
+advantages
+and
+should
+be
+evaluated.
+This
+is
+currently
+an
+open
+issue
+.
+1.2
+Syntax
+Tokens
+and
+Keywords
+JSON-LD
+specifies
+a
+number
+of
+syntax
+tokens
+and
+keywords
+that
+are
+using
+in
+all
+algorithms
+described
+in
+this
+section:
+@context
+Used
+to
+set
+the
+local
+context
+.
+@base
+Used
+to
+set
+the
+base
+IRI
+for
+all
+object
+IRIs
+affected
+by
+the
+active
+context
+.
+@vocab
+Used
+to
+set
+the
+base
+IRI
+for
+all
+property
+IRIs
+affected
+by
+the
+active
+context
+.
+@coerce
+Used
+to
+specify
+type
+coercion
+rules.
+@literal
+Used
+to
+specify
+a
+literal
+value.
+@iri
+Used
+to
+specify
+an
+IRI
+value.
+@language
+Used
+to
+specify
+the
+language
+for
+a
+literal.
+@datatype
+Used
+to
+specify
+the
+datatype
+for
+a
+literal.
+:
+The
+separator
+for
+JSON
+keys
+and
+values
+that
+use
+the
+prefix
+mechanism.
+@subject
+Sets
+the
+active
+subject.
+@type
+Used
+to
+set
+the
+type
+of
+the
+active
+subject.
+1.3
+Contributing
+There
+are
+a
+number
+of
+ways
+that
+one
+may
+participate
+in
+the
+development
+of
+this
+specification:
+Technical
+discussion
+typically
+occurs
+on
+the
+public
+mailing
+list:
+public-linked-json@w3.org
+Public
+teleconferences
+are
+held
+on
+Tuesdays
+at
+1500UTC
+on
+the
+second
+and
+fourth
+week
+of
+each
+month.
+Specification
+bugs
+and
+issues
+should
+be
+reported
+in
+the
+issue
+tracker
+.
+Source
+code
+for
+the
+specification
+can
+be
+found
+on
+Github.
+The
+#json-ld
+IRC
+channel
+is
+available
+for
+real-time
+discussion
+on
+irc.freenode.net.
+2.
+Design
+</del>
+</h2>
+<p>
+The
+following
+<del class="diff-old">section
+outlines
+the
+design
+goals
+and
+rationale
+behind
+the
+JSON-LD
+markup
+language.
+2.1
+Goals
+and
+Rationale
+A
+number
+of
+design
+considerations
+were
+explored
+during
+the
+creation
+of
+this
+markup
+language:
+Simplicity
+Developers
+need
+only
+know
+JSON
+and
+three
+keywords
+to
+use
+the
+basic
+functionality
+in
+JSON-LD.
+No
+extra
+processors
+or
+software
+libraries
+are
+necessary
+to
+use
+JSON-LD
+in
+its
+most
+basic
+form.
+The
+language
+attempts
+to
+ensure
+that
+developers
+have
+an
+easy
+learning
+curve.
+Compatibility
+The
+JSON-LD
+markup
+must
+be
+100%
+compatible
+with
+JSON.
+This
+ensures
+that
+all
+of
+the
+standard
+JSON
+libraries
+work
+seamlessly
+with
+JSON-LD
+documents.
+Expressiveness
+The
+syntax
+must
+be
+able
+to
+express
+directed
+graphs,
+which
+have
+been
+proven
+to
+be
+able
+to
+simply
+express
+almost
+every
+real
+world
+data
+model.
+Terseness
+The
+JSON-LD
+syntax
+must
+be
+very
+terse
+and
+human
+readable,
+requiring
+as
+little
+as
+possible
+effort
+from
+the
+developer.
+Zero
+Edits,
+most
+of
+the
+time
+JSON-LD
+provides
+a
+mechanism
+that
+allows
+developers
+to
+specify
+context
+in
+a
+way
+that
+is
+out-of-band.
+This
+allows
+organizations
+that
+have
+already
+deployed
+large
+JSON-based
+infrastructure
+to
+add
+meaning
+to
+their
+JSON
+documents
+in
+a
+way
+that
+is
+not
+disruptive
+to
+their
+day-to-day
+operations
+and
+is
+transparent
+to
+their
+current
+customers.
+At
+times,
+mapping
+JSON
+to
+a
+graph
+representation
+can
+become
+difficult.
+In
+these
+instances,
+rather
+than
+having
+JSON-LD
+support
+esoteric
+markup,
+we
+chose
+not
+to
+support
+the
+use
+case
+and
+support
+a
+simplified
+syntax
+instead.
+So,
+while
+Zero
+Edits
+is
+a
+goal,
+it
+is
+not
+always
+possible
+without
+adding
+great
+complexity
+to
+the
+language.
+One-pass
+Processing
+JSON-LD
+supports
+one-pass
+processing,
+which
+results
+in
+a
+very
+small
+memory
+footprint
+when
+processing
+documents.
+For
+example,
+to
+convert
+a
+JSON-LD
+document
+into
+an
+RDF
+document
+of
+any
+kind,
+only
+one
+pass
+is
+required
+over
+the
+data.
+2.2
+Linked
+Data
+The
+following
+</del>
definition
for
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data" href="#dfn-linked_data"><ins class="diff-new">
-Linked
-Data
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data" href="#dfn-linked_data">
+Linked
+Data
+</a>
is
the
one
@@ -10970,10 +14896,13 @@
for
this
specification.
-</ins></p><ol><li><dfn title="linked_data" id="dfn-linked_data"><ins class="diff-new">
-Linked
-Data
-</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-new">
+</p>
+<ol>
+<li>
+<dfn title="linked_data" id="dfn-linked_data">
+Linked
+Data
+</dfn>
is
a
set
@@ -10988,13 +14917,14 @@
linked
data
graph.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+</li>
+<li>
A
-</ins><dfn title="linked_data_graph" id="dfn-linked_data_graph"><ins class="diff-new">
+<dfn title="linked_data_graph" id="dfn-linked_data_graph">
linked
data
graph
-</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-new">
+</dfn>
is
an
unordered
@@ -11004,54 +14934,59 @@
where
nodes
are
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="subject" href="#dfn-subject"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="subject" href="#dfn-subject">
subject
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-s
-or
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="object" href="#dfn-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
+s
+or
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="object" href="#dfn-object">
object
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
s,
and
edges
are
properties.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+</li>
+<li>
A
-</ins><dfn title="subject" id="dfn-subject"><ins class="diff-new">
+<dfn title="subject" id="dfn-subject">
subject
-</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-new">
+</dfn>
is
any
node
in
a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data_graph" href="#dfn-linked_data_graph"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data_graph" href="#dfn-linked_data_graph">
linked
data
graph
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
with
at
least
one
outgoing
edge.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+</li>
+<li>
A
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="subject" href="#dfn-subject"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="subject" href="#dfn-subject">
subject
-</ins></a><em class="rfc2119" title="should"><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
+<em class="rfc2119" title="should">
should
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+</em>
be
labeled
with
an
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>
(an
Internationalized
Resource
@@ -11060,138 +14995,161 @@
described
in
[
-</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3987"><ins class="diff-new">
+<cite>
+<a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3987">
RFC3987
-</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
+</cite>
]).
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+</li>
+<li>
An
-</ins><dfn title="object" id="dfn-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+<dfn title="object" id="dfn-object">
object
-</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-new">
+</dfn>
is
a
node
in
a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data_graph" href="#dfn-linked_data_graph"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data_graph" href="#dfn-linked_data_graph">
linked
data
graph
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
with
at
least
one
incoming
edge.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+</li>
+<li>
An
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="object" href="#dfn-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="object" href="#dfn-object">
object
-</ins></a><em class="rfc2119" title="may"><ins class="diff-new">
-may
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
+<em class="rfc2119" title="may">
+may
+</em>
be
labeled
with
an
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
An
object
-</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="may"><ins class="diff-new">
-may
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
-be
-a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="subject" href="#dfn-subject"><ins class="diff-new">
+<em class="rfc2119" title="may">
+may
+</em>
+be
+a
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="subject" href="#dfn-subject">
subject
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-and
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="object" href="#dfn-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
+and
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="object" href="#dfn-object">
object
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
at
the
same
time.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+</li>
+<li>
A
-</ins><dfn title="property" id="dfn-property"><ins class="diff-new">
+<dfn title="property" id="dfn-property">
property
-</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-new">
+</dfn>
is
an
edge
of
the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data_graph" href="#dfn-linked_data_graph"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data_graph" href="#dfn-linked_data_graph">
linked
data
graph
-</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
A
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="property" href="#dfn-property"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="property" href="#dfn-property">
property
-</ins></a><em class="rfc2119" title="should"><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
+<em class="rfc2119" title="should">
should
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+</em>
be
labeled
with
an
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
An
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>
that
is
a
label
in
a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data_graph" href="#dfn-linked_data_graph"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data_graph" href="#dfn-linked_data_graph">
linked
data
graph
-</ins></a><em class="rfc2119" title="should"><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
+<em class="rfc2119" title="should">
should
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+</em>
be
dereferencable
to
a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data" href="#dfn-linked_data"><ins class="diff-new">
-Linked
-Data
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data" href="#dfn-linked_data">
+Linked
+Data
+</a>
document
describing
the
labeled
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="subject" href="#dfn-subject"><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="subject" href="#dfn-subject">
subject
-</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="object" href="#dfn-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>,
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="object" href="#dfn-object">
object
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-or
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="property" href="#dfn-property"><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
+or
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="property" href="#dfn-property">
property
-</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
A
-</ins><dfn title="literal" id="dfn-literal"><ins class="diff-new">
+<dfn title="literal" id="dfn-literal">
literal
-</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-new">
-is
-an
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="object" href="#dfn-object"><ins class="diff-new">
+</dfn>
+is
+an
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="object" href="#dfn-object">
object
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+</a>
with
a
label
@@ -11199,18 +15157,23 @@
is
not
an
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr></a></li></ol><p><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
+<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
+IRI
+</abbr>
+</a>
+</li>
+</ol>
+<p>
Note
that
the
definition
for
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data" href="#dfn-linked_data"><ins class="diff-new">
-Linked
-Data
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data" href="#dfn-linked_data">
+Linked
+Data
+</a>
above
is
silent
@@ -11225,10 +15188,10 @@
are
not
considered
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data" href="#dfn-linked_data"><ins class="diff-new">
-Linked
-Data
-</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="linked_data" href="#dfn-linked_data">
+Linked
+Data
+</a>.
However,
this
specification
@@ -11263,9 +15226,4742 @@
not
directly
de-referenceable.
-</ins></p></div><div class="appendix section" id="mashing-up-vocabularies"><h2><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
-C.
-</ins></span>
+</p>
+</div>
+<del class="diff-old">2.3
+Linking
+Data
+An
+Internationalized
+Resource
+Identifier
+(
+IRI
+),
+as
+described
+in
+[
+RFC3987
+],
+is
+a
+mechanism
+for
+representing
+unique
+identifiers
+on
+the
+web.
+In
+Linked
+Data
+,
+an
+IRI
+is
+commonly
+used
+for
+expressing
+a
+subject
+,
+a
+property
+or
+an
+object
+.
+JSON-LD
+defines
+a
+mechanism
+to
+map
+JSON
+terms,
+i.e.,
+keys
+and
+values,
+to
+IRIs.
+This
+does
+not
+mean
+that
+JSON-LD
+requires
+every
+key
+or
+value
+to
+be
+an
+IRI,
+but
+rather
+ensures
+that
+keys
+and
+values
+can
+be
+mapped
+to
+IRIs
+if
+the
+developer
+desires
+to
+transform
+their
+data
+into
+Linked
+Data
+.
+There
+are
+a
+few
+techniques
+that
+can
+ensure
+that
+developers
+will
+generate
+good
+Linked
+Data
+for
+the
+Web.
+JSON-LD
+formalizes
+those
+techniques.
+We
+will
+be
+using
+the
+following
+JSON
+markup
+as
+the
+example
+for
+the
+rest
+of
+this
+section:
+ {
+ "name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
+ "avatar": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"
+}
+2.4
+The
+Context
+In
+JSON-LD,
+a
+context
+is
+used
+to
+map
+term
+s,
+i.e.,
+keys
+and
+values
+in
+an
+JSON
+document,
+to
+IRI
+s.
+A
+term
+is
+a
+short
+word
+that
+may
+be
+expanded
+to
+an
+IRI
+.
+The
+Web
+uses
+IRIs
+for
+unambiguous
+identification.
+The
+idea
+is
+that
+these
+term
+s
+mean
+something
+that
+may
+be
+of
+use
+to
+other
+developers
+and
+that
+it
+is
+useful
+to
+give
+them
+an
+unambiguous
+identifier.
+That
+is,
+it
+is
+useful
+for
+term
+s
+to
+expand
+to
+IRIs
+so
+that
+developers
+don't
+accidentally
+step
+on
+each
+other's
+Web
+Vocabulary
+terms.
+For
+example,
+the
+term
+name
+may
+map
+directly
+to
+the
+IRI
+http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name
+.
+This
+allows
+JSON-LD
+documents
+to
+be
+constructed
+using
+the
+common
+JSON
+practice
+of
+simple
+name/value
+pairs
+while
+ensuring
+that
+the
+data
+is
+useful
+outside
+of
+the
+page,
+API
+or
+database
+in
+which
+it
+resides.
+These
+Linked
+Data
+term
+s
+are
+typically
+collected
+in
+a
+context
+document
+that
+would
+look
+something
+like
+this:
+ {
+ "@context": {
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "homepage": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
+ "avatar": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/avatar"
+ }
+}
+This
+context
+document
+can
+then
+be
+used
+in
+an
+JSON-LD
+document
+by
+adding
+a
+single
+line.
+The
+JSON
+markup
+as
+shown
+in
+the
+previous
+section
+could
+be
+changed
+as
+follows
+to
+link
+to
+the
+context
+document:
+ {
+
+ "name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
+ "avatar": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"
+}
+The
+additions
+above
+transform
+the
+previous
+JSON
+document
+into
+a
+JSON
+document
+with
+added
+semantics
+because
+the
+@context
+specifies
+how
+the
+name
+,
+homepage
+,
+and
+avatar
+terms
+map
+to
+IRIs.
+Mapping
+those
+keys
+to
+IRIs
+gives
+the
+data
+global
+context.
+If
+two
+developers
+use
+the
+same
+IRI
+to
+describe
+a
+property,
+they
+are
+more
+than
+likely
+expressing
+the
+same
+concept.
+This
+allows
+both
+developers
+to
+re-use
+each
+others
+data
+without
+having
+to
+agree
+to
+how
+their
+data
+will
+inter-operate
+on
+a
+site-by-site
+basis.
+Contexts
+may
+also
+contain
+datatype
+information
+for
+certain
+term
+s
+as
+well
+as
+other
+processing
+instructions
+for
+the
+JSON-LD
+processor.
+Contexts
+may
+be
+specified
+in-line.
+This
+ensures
+that
+JSON-LD
+documents
+can
+be
+processed
+when
+a
+JSON-LD
+processor
+does
+not
+have
+access
+to
+the
+Web.
+ {
+ "@context": {
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "homepage": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
+ "avatar": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/avatar"
+ },
+ "name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
+ "avatar": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"
+}
+Contexts
+may
+be
+used
+at
+any
+time
+a
+JSON
+object
+is
+defined,
+and
+a
+JSON
+object
+may
+specify
+multiple
+contexts,
+to
+be
+processed
+in
+order,
+for
+example
+to
+include
+standard
+prefix
+definitions
+along
+with
+a
+local
+language
+definition
+used
+to
+set
+the
+language
+of
+plain
+literal
+s:
+The
+set
+of
+contexts
+defined
+within
+a
+specific
+JSON
+Object
+is
+termed
+a
+local
+context
+.
+The
+active
+context
+refers
+to
+the
+accumulation
+of
+local
+context
+s
+that
+are
+in
+scope
+at
+a
+specific
+point
+within
+the
+document.
+ {
+ "@context": [
+ "http://example.org/json-ld-contexts/person",
+ {
+ "@language": "en"
+ }
+ ],
+ "name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
+ "avatar": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"
+}
+JSON-LD
+strives
+to
+ensure
+that
+developers
+don't
+have
+to
+change
+the
+JSON
+that
+is
+going
+into
+and
+being
+returned
+from
+their
+Web
+APIs.
+This
+means
+that
+developers
+can
+also
+specify
+a
+context
+for
+JSON
+data
+in
+an
+out-of-band
+fashion.
+This
+is
+described
+later
+in
+this
+document.
+JSON-LD
+uses
+a
+special
+type
+of
+machine-readable
+document
+called
+a
+Web
+Vocabulary
+to
+define
+term
+s
+that
+are
+then
+used
+to
+describe
+concepts
+and
+"things"
+in
+the
+world.
+Typically,
+these
+Web
+Vocabulary
+documents
+have
+prefix
+es
+associated
+with
+them
+and
+contain
+a
+number
+of
+term
+declarations.
+Prefix
+es
+are
+helpful
+when
+a
+developer
+wants
+to
+mix
+multiple
+vocabularies
+together
+in
+a
+context
+,
+but
+does
+not
+want
+to
+go
+to
+the
+trouble
+of
+defining
+every
+single
+term
+in
+every
+single
+vocabulary.
+Some
+Web
+Vocabularies
+may
+have
+dozens
+of
+terms
+defined.
+If
+a
+developer
+wants
+to
+use
+3-4
+different
+vocabularies,
+the
+number
+of
+terms
+that
+would
+have
+to
+be
+declared
+in
+a
+single
+context
+could
+become
+quite
+large.
+To
+reduce
+the
+number
+of
+different
+terms
+that
+must
+be
+defined,
+JSON-LD
+also
+allows
+prefixes
+to
+be
+used
+to
+compact
+IRIs.
+For
+example,
+the
+IRI
+http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
+specifies
+a
+Web
+Vocabulary
+which
+may
+be
+represented
+using
+the
+foaf
+prefix
+.
+The
+foaf
+Web
+Vocabulary
+contains
+a
+term
+called
+name
+.
+If
+you
+join
+the
+foaf
+prefix
+with
+the
+name
+suffix,
+you
+can
+build
+a
+compact
+IRI
+that
+will
+expand
+out
+into
+an
+absolute
+IRI
+for
+the
+http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name
+vocabulary
+term.
+That
+is,
+the
+compact
+IRI,
+or
+short-form,
+is
+foaf:name
+and
+the
+expanded-form
+is
+http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name
+.
+This
+vocabulary
+term
+is
+used
+to
+specify
+a
+person's
+name.
+Developers,
+and
+machines,
+are
+able
+to
+use
+this
+IRI
+(plugging
+it
+directly
+into
+a
+web
+browser,
+for
+instance)
+to
+go
+to
+the
+term
+and
+get
+a
+definition
+of
+what
+the
+term
+means.
+Much
+like
+we
+can
+use
+WordNet
+today
+to
+see
+the
+definition
+of
+words
+in
+the
+English
+language.
+Developers
+and
+machines
+need
+the
+same
+sort
+of
+definition
+of
+terms.
+IRIs
+provide
+a
+way
+to
+ensure
+that
+these
+terms
+are
+unambiguous.
+The
+context
+provides
+a
+collection
+of
+vocabulary
+term
+s
+and
+prefix
+es
+that
+can
+be
+used
+to
+expand
+JSON
+keys
+and
+values
+into
+IRI
+s.
+To
+ensure
+the
+best
+possible
+performance,
+it
+is
+a
+best
+practice
+to
+put
+the
+context
+definition
+at
+the
+top
+of
+the
+JSON-LD
+document.
+If
+it
+isn't
+listed
+first,
+processors
+have
+to
+save
+each
+key-value
+pair
+until
+the
+context
+is
+processed.
+This
+creates
+a
+memory
+and
+complexity
+burden
+for
+one-pass
+processors.
+2.4.1
+External
+Contexts
+Authors
+may
+choose
+to
+declare
+JSON-LD
+context
+s
+in
+external
+documents
+to
+promote
+re-use
+of
+contexts
+as
+well
+as
+reduce
+the
+size
+of
+JSON-LD
+documents.
+In
+order
+to
+use
+an
+external
+context,
+an
+author
+may
+specify
+an
+IRI
+to
+a
+valid
+JSON-LD
+document.
+The
+referenced
+document
+must
+have
+a
+top-level
+JSON
+Object
+.
+The
+value
+of
+any
+@context
+key
+within
+that
+object
+is
+substituted
+for
+the
+IRI
+within
+the
+referencing
+document
+to
+have
+the
+same
+effect
+as
+if
+the
+value
+were
+specified
+inline
+within
+the
+referencing
+document.
+The
+following
+example
+demonstrates
+the
+use
+of
+an
+external
+context:
+ {
+ ,
+ "name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
+ "avatar": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"
+}
+Authors
+may
+also
+import
+multiple
+contexts
+or
+a
+combination
+of
+external
+and
+local
+contexts
+by
+specifying
+a
+list
+of
+contexts:
+ {
+
+ "name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
+ "avatar": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"
+ "celebrates":
+ {
+ "@type": "Event",
+ "description": "International Talk Like a Pirate Day",
+ "date": "R/2011-09-19"
+ }
+}
+Each
+context
+in
+a
+list
+will
+be
+evaluated
+in-order.
+Duplicate
+mappings
+within
+the
+context
+s
+must
+be
+overwritten
+on
+a
+last-defined-overrides
+basis.
+The
+context
+list
+must
+contain
+either
+de-referenceable
+IRI
+s
+or
+JSON
+Object
+s
+that
+conform
+to
+the
+context
+syntax
+as
+described
+in
+this
+document.
+External
+JSON-LD
+context
+documents
+may
+contain
+extra
+information
+located
+outside
+of
+the
+@context
+key,
+such
+as
+documentation
+about
+the
+prefix
+es
+declared
+in
+the
+document.
+It
+is
+also
+recommended
+that
+a
+human-readable
+document
+encoded
+in
+HTML+RDFa
+[
+HTML-RDFA
+]
+or
+other
+Linked
+Data
+compatible
+format
+is
+served
+as
+well
+to
+explain
+the
+correct
+usage
+of
+the
+JSON-LD
+context
+document.
+2.5
+From
+JSON
+to
+JSON-LD
+If
+a
+set
+of
+terms
+such
+as,
+name
+,
+homepage
+,
+and
+avatar
+,
+are
+defined
+in
+a
+context
+,
+and
+that
+context
+is
+used
+to
+resolve
+the
+names
+in
+JSON
+objects,
+machines
+are
+able
+to
+automatically
+expand
+the
+terms
+to
+something
+meaningful
+and
+unambiguous,
+like
+this:
+ {
+ "": "Manu Sporny",
+ "": "http://manu.sporny.org"
+ "": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"
+}
+Doing
+this
+allows
+JSON
+to
+be
+unambiguously
+machine-readable
+without
+requiring
+developers
+to
+drastically
+change
+their
+workflow.
+Please
+note
+that
+this
+JSON-LD
+document
+doesn't
+define
+the
+subject
+and
+will
+thus
+result
+in
+an
+unlabeled
+or
+blank
+node.
+3.
+Basic
+Concepts
+JSON-LD
+is
+designed
+to
+ensure
+that
+Linked
+Data
+concepts
+can
+be
+marked
+up
+in
+a
+way
+that
+is
+simple
+to
+understand
+and
+author
+by
+Web
+developers.
+In
+many
+cases,
+regular
+JSON
+markup
+can
+become
+Linked
+Data
+with
+the
+simple
+addition
+of
+a
+context
+.
+As
+more
+JSON-LD
+features
+are
+used,
+more
+semantics
+are
+added
+to
+the
+JSON
+markup.
+3.1
+IRIs
+Expressing
+IRI
+s
+are
+fundamental
+to
+Linked
+Data
+as
+that
+is
+how
+most
+subject
+s
+and
+many
+object
+are
+named.
+IRI
+s
+can
+be
+expressed
+in
+a
+variety
+of
+different
+ways
+in
+JSON-LD.
+In
+general,
+term
+s
+in
+the
+key
+position
+in
+a
+JSON
+object
+that
+have
+a
+mapping
+to
+an
+IRI
+or
+another
+key
+in
+the
+context
+are
+expanded
+to
+an
+IRI
+by
+JSON-LD
+processors.
+There
+are
+special
+rules
+for
+processing
+keys
+in
+@context
+and
+when
+dealing
+with
+keys
+that
+start
+with
+the
+@subject
+character.
+An
+IRI
+is
+generated
+for
+the
+value
+specified
+using
+@subject
+,
+if
+it
+is
+a
+string
+.
+An
+IRI
+is
+generated
+for
+the
+value
+specified
+using
+@type
+.
+An
+IRI
+is
+generated
+for
+the
+value
+specified
+using
+the
+@iri
+keyword.
+An
+IRI
+is
+generated
+when
+there
+are
+@coerce
+rules
+in
+effect
+for
+a
+key
+named
+@iri
+.
+IRIs
+can
+be
+expressed
+directly
+in
+the
+key
+position
+like
+so:
+ {
+ ...
+ "": "Manu Sporny",
+ ...
+}
+In
+the
+example
+above,
+the
+key
+http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name
+is
+interpreted
+as
+an
+IRI
+,
+as
+opposed
+to
+being
+interpreted
+as
+a
+string.
+Term
+expansion
+occurs
+for
+IRIs
+if
+a
+term
+is
+defined
+within
+the
+active
+context
+:
+ {
+ ""},
+ ...
+ "": "Manu Sporny",
+ ...
+}
+Prefix
+es
+are
+expanded
+when
+used
+in
+keys:
+ {
+ ""},
+ ...
+ "": "Manu Sporny",
+ ...
+}
+foaf:name
+above
+will
+automatically
+expand
+out
+to
+the
+IRI
+http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name
+.
+An
+IRI
+is
+generated
+when
+a
+value
+is
+associated
+with
+a
+key
+using
+the
+@iri
+keyword:
+ {
+ ...
+ "homepage": { "": "http://manu.sporny.org" }
+ ...
+}
+If
+type
+coercion
+rules
+are
+specified
+in
+the
+@context
+for
+a
+particular
+vocabulary
+term,
+an
+IRI
+is
+generated:
+
+ "@context":
+ {
+ ...
+ "@coerce":
+ {
+ "@iri": "homepage"
+ }
+ }
+ ...
+ "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
+ ...
+}
+Even
+though
+the
+value
+http://manu.sporny.org/
+is
+a
+string
+,
+the
+type
+coercion
+rules
+will
+transform
+the
+value
+into
+an
+IRI
+when
+processed
+by
+a
+JSON-LD
+Processor
+IRIs
+may
+be
+represented
+as
+an
+absolute
+IRI,
+a
+term
+,
+a
+prefix
+:
+term
+construct,
+or
+as
+a
+value
+relative
+to
+@base
+or
+@vocab
+.
+3.2
+Identifying
+the
+Subject
+To
+be
+able
+to
+externally
+reference
+nodes,
+it
+is
+important
+that
+each
+node
+has
+an
+unambiguous
+identifier.
+IRI
+s
+are
+a
+fundamental
+concept
+of
+Linked
+Data
+,
+and
+nodes
+should
+have
+a
+de-referencable
+identifier
+used
+to
+name
+and
+locate
+them.
+For
+nodes
+to
+be
+truely
+linked,
+de-referencing
+the
+identifier
+should
+result
+in
+a
+representation
+of
+that
+node.
+Associating
+an
+IRI
+with
+a
+node
+tells
+an
+application
+that
+the
+returned
+document
+contains
+a
+description
+of
+the
+node
+requested.
+JSON-LD
+documents
+may
+also
+contain
+descriptions
+of
+other
+nodes,
+so
+it
+is
+necessary
+to
+be
+able
+to
+uniquely
+identify
+each
+node
+which
+may
+be
+externally
+referenced.
+A
+subject
+of
+an
+object
+in
+JSON
+is
+declared
+using
+the
+@subject
+key.
+The
+subject
+is
+the
+first
+piece
+of
+information
+needed
+by
+the
+JSON-LD
+processor
+in
+order
+to
+create
+the
+(subject,
+property,
+object)
+tuple,
+also
+known
+as
+a
+triple.
+ {
+ ...
+ "",
+ ...
+}
+The
+example
+above
+would
+set
+the
+subject
+to
+the
+IRI
+http://example.org/people#joebob
+.
+To
+ensure
+the
+best
+possible
+performance,
+it
+is
+a
+best
+practice
+to
+put
+the
+@subject
+key
+before
+other
+key-value
+pairs
+in
+an
+object.
+If
+it
+isn't
+listed
+first,
+processors
+have
+to
+save
+each
+key-value
+pair
+until
+@subject
+is
+processed
+before
+they
+can
+create
+valid
+triples.
+This
+creates
+a
+memory
+and
+complexity
+burden
+for
+one-pass
+processors.
+3.3
+Specifying
+the
+Type
+The
+type
+of
+a
+particular
+subject
+can
+be
+specified
+using
+the
+@type
+key.
+Specifying
+the
+type
+in
+this
+way
+will
+generate
+a
+triple
+of
+the
+form
+(subject,
+type,
+type-iri).
+To
+be
+Linked
+Data
+,
+types
+must
+be
+uniquely
+identified
+by
+an
+IRI
+.
+ {
+ ...
+ "@subject": "http://example.org/people#joebob",
+ "",
+ ...
+}
+The
+example
+above
+would
+generate
+the
+following
+triple
+if
+the
+JSON-LD
+document
+is
+mapped
+to
+RDF
+(in
+N-Triples
+notation):
+ <http://example.org/people#joebob>
+ <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type>
+<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person>
+.
+3.4
+Strings
+Regular
+text
+strings,
+also
+referred
+to
+as
+plain
+literal
+s,
+are
+easily
+expressed
+using
+regular
+JSON
+string
+s.
+ {
+ ...
+ "name": "",
+ ...
+}
+3.5
+String
+Internationalization
+JSON-LD
+makes
+an
+assumption
+that
+strings
+with
+associated
+language
+encoding
+information
+are
+not
+very
+common
+when
+used
+in
+JavaScript
+and
+Web
+Services.
+Thus,
+it
+takes
+a
+little
+more
+effort
+to
+express
+strings
+with
+associated
+language
+information.
+ {
+ ...
+ "name":
+ {
+ "@literal": "花澄",
+ "@language": "ja"
+ }
+ ...
+}
+The
+example
+above
+would
+generate
+a
+plain
+literal
+for
+花澄
+and
+associate
+the
+ja
+language
+code
+with
+the
+triple
+that
+is
+generated.
+Languages
+must
+be
+expressed
+in
+[
+BCP47
+]
+format.
+It
+is
+also
+possible
+to
+set
+a
+language
+to
+use
+within
+a
+@context
+,
+to
+allow
+specify
+a
+language
+to
+apply
+to
+all
+plain
+literal
+s
+within
+the
+scope
+of
+the
+context
+ {
+ "@context:" {
+ "@language": "ja"
+ },
+ ...
+ "name":
+ ...
+}
+3.6
+Typed
+Literals
+A
+value
+with
+an
+associated
+datatype,
+also
+known
+as
+a
+typed
+literal
+,
+is
+indicated
+by
+associating
+a
+literal
+with
+an
+IRI
+which
+indicates
+the
+literal's
+datatype.
+Typed
+literals
+may
+be
+expressed
+in
+JSON-LD
+in
+three
+ways:
+By
+utilizing
+the
+@coerce
+keyword.
+By
+utilizing
+the
+expanded
+form
+for
+specifying
+objects.
+By
+using
+a
+native
+JSON
+datatype.
+The
+first
+example
+uses
+the
+@coerce
+keyword
+to
+express
+a
+typed
+literal:
+
+ "@context":
+ {
+ "modified": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified",
+ "dateTime": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime"
+ "@coerce":
+ {
+ "dateTime": "modified"
+ }
+ }
+ ...
+ "modified": "2010-05-29T14:17:39+02:00",
+ ...
+}
+The
+second
+example
+uses
+the
+expanded
+form
+for
+specifying
+objects:
+ {
+ ...
+ "modified":
+ {
+ "@literal": "2010-05-29T14:17:39+02:00",
+ "@datatype": "dateTime"
+ }
+ ...
+}
+Both
+examples
+above
+would
+generate
+an
+object
+with
+the
+literal
+value
+of
+2010-05-29T14:17:39+02:00
+and
+the
+datatype
+of
+http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime
+.
+The
+third
+example
+uses
+a
+built-in
+native
+JSON
+type,
+a
+number
+,
+to
+express
+a
+datatype:
+ {
+ ...
+ "@subject": "http://example.org/people#joebob",
+ "age":
+ ...
+}
+The
+example
+above
+would
+generate
+the
+following
+triple:
+ <http://example.org/people#joebob>
+ <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age>
+"31"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer>
+.
+3.7
+Multiple
+Objects
+for
+a
+Single
+Property
+A
+JSON-LD
+author
+can
+express
+multiple
+triples
+in
+a
+compact
+way
+by
+using
+array
+s.
+If
+a
+subject
+has
+multiple
+values
+for
+the
+same
+property,
+the
+author
+may
+express
+each
+property
+as
+an
+array
+.
+In
+JSON-LD,
+multiple
+objects
+on
+a
+property
+are
+not
+ordered.
+This
+is
+because
+typically
+graphs
+are
+not
+inherently
+ordered
+data
+structures.
+To
+see
+more
+on
+creating
+ordered
+collections
+in
+JSON-LD,
+see
+Lists
+.
+ {
+ ...
+ "@subject": "http://example.org/people#joebob",
+ "nick": ,
+ ...
+}
+The
+markup
+shown
+above
+would
+generate
+the
+following
+triples:
+ <http://example.org/people#joebob>
+ <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nick>
+ "joe" .
+ <http://example.org/people#joebob>
+ <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nick>
+ "bob" .
+ <http://example.org/people#joebob>
+ <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nick>
+"jaybee"
+.
+3.8
+Multiple
+Typed
+Literals
+for
+a
+Single
+Property
+Multiple
+typed
+literal
+s
+may
+also
+be
+expressed
+using
+the
+expanded
+form
+for
+objects:
+ {
+ ...
+ "@subject": "http://example.org/articles/8",
+ "modified":
+ [
+ {
+ "@literal": "2010-05-29T14:17:39+02:00",
+ "@datatype": "dateTime"
+ },
+ {
+ "@literal": "2010-05-30T09:21:28-04:00",
+ "@datatype": "dateTime"
+ }
+ ]
+ ...
+}
+The
+markup
+shown
+above
+would
+generate
+the
+following
+triples:
+ <http://example.org/articles/8>
+ <http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified>
+ "2010-05-29T14:17:39+02:00"^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime .
+ <http://example.org/articles/8>
+ <http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified>
+"2010-05-30T09:21:28-04:00"^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime
+.
+3.9
+Lists
+Because
+graphs
+do
+not
+describe
+ordering
+for
+links
+between
+nodes,
+in
+contrast
+to
+plain
+JSON,
+multi-valued
+properties
+in
+JSON-LD
+do
+not
+provide
+an
+ordering
+of
+the
+listed
+objects.
+For
+example,
+consider
+the
+following
+simple
+document:
+ {
+ ...
+ "@subject": "http://example.org/people#joebob",
+ "nick": ,
+ ...
+}
+This
+results
+in
+three
+triples
+being
+generated,
+each
+relating
+the
+subject
+to
+an
+individual
+object,
+with
+no
+inherent
+order.
+To
+preserve
+the
+order
+of
+the
+objects,
+RDF-based
+languages,
+such
+as
+[
+TURTLE
+]
+use
+the
+concept
+of
+an
+rdf:List
+(as
+described
+in
+[
+RDF-SCHEMA
+]).
+This
+uses
+a
+sequence
+of
+unlabeled
+nodes
+with
+properties
+describing
+a
+value,
+a
+null-terminated
+next
+property.
+Without
+specific
+syntactical
+support,
+this
+could
+be
+represented
+in
+JSON-LD
+as
+follows:
+ {
+ ...
+ "@subject": "http://example.org/people#joebob",
+ "nick": ,
+ ,
+
+ ,
+
+ ,
+
+
+
+
+ ,
+ ...
+}
+As
+this
+notation
+is
+rather
+unwieldy
+and
+the
+notion
+of
+ordered
+collections
+is
+rather
+important
+in
+data
+modeling,
+it
+is
+useful
+to
+have
+specific
+language
+support.
+In
+JSON-LD,
+a
+list
+may
+be
+represented
+using
+the
+@list
+keyword
+as
+follows:
+ {
+ ...
+ "@subject": "http://example.org/people#joebob",
+ "foaf:nick": ,
+ ...
+}
+This
+describes
+the
+use
+of
+this
+array
+as
+being
+ordered,
+and
+order
+is
+maintained
+through
+normalization
+and
+RDF
+conversion
+as
+described
+in
+[
+JSON-LD-API
+].
+If
+every
+use
+of
+a
+given
+multi-valued
+property
+is
+a
+list,
+this
+may
+be
+abbreviated
+by
+adding
+an
+@coerce
+term:
+ {
+
+ ...
+
+
+
+ ,
+ ...
+ "@subject": "http://example.org/people#joebob",
+ "foaf:nick": ,
+ ...
+}
+The
+@list
+keyword
+can
+be
+used
+within
+the
+@coerce
+section
+of
+a
+@context
+to
+cause
+value
+arrays
+to
+be
+coerced
+into
+an
+ordered
+list.
+4.
+Advanced
+Concepts
+JSON-LD
+has
+a
+number
+of
+features
+that
+provide
+functionality
+above
+and
+beyond
+the
+core
+functionality
+described
+above.
+The
+following
+sections
+outline
+the
+features
+that
+are
+specific
+to
+JSON-LD.
+4.1
+Base
+URI
+JSON-LD
+allows
+IRI
+s
+to
+be
+specified
+in
+a
+relative
+form.
+For
+subject
+and
+object
+IRIs,
+relative
+IRIs
+are
+resolved
+against
+the
+document
+base
+using
+section
+5.1
+Establishing
+a
+Base
+URI
+of
+[
+RFC3986
+].
+This
+value
+may
+be
+explicitly
+set
+with
+a
+context
+using
+the
+@base
+keyword.
+For
+example,
+if
+a
+JSON-LD
+document
+was
+retrieved
+from
+http://manu.sporny.org/
+,
+relative
+IRIs
+would
+resolve
+against
+that
+URI:
+ {
+ ,
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage: ""
+}
+This
+document
+uses
+an
+empty
+@subject
+,
+which
+resolves
+to
+the
+document
+base.
+However,
+if
+the
+document
+is
+moved
+to
+a
+different
+location,
+the
+subject
+IRI
+would
+change.
+To
+prevent
+this,
+a
+context
+may
+have
+a
+@base
+mapping,
+to
+set
+an
+absolute
+base
+for
+the
+document
+in
+spite
+of
+where
+it
+actually
+is
+retrieved
+from.
+It
+must
+have
+a
+value
+of
+a
+simple
+string
+with
+the
+lexical
+form
+of
+an
+absolute
+IRI
+.
+ {
+ ,
+ "@subject": "about/",
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage: ""
+}
+4.2
+Default
+Vocabulary
+It
+is
+often
+common
+that
+all
+types
+and
+properties
+come
+from
+the
+same
+vocabulary.
+JSON-LD
+provides
+a
+way
+to
+set
+a
+base
+URI
+to
+be
+used
+for
+all
+properties
+and
+types
+that
+aren't
+based
+on
+terms,
+prefixes
+or
+absolute
+IRIs.
+Much
+like
+the
+@base
+keyword,
+the
+@vocab
+keyword
+can
+be
+used
+to
+set
+a
+base
+IRI
+to
+use
+for
+all
+types
+and
+properties
+that
+don't
+otherwise
+resolve
+to
+an
+absolute
+IRI
+.
+ {
+
+ ,
+ "name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
+ "avatar": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"
+}
+4.3
+Default
+Language
+JSON-LD
+allows
+a
+default
+value
+to
+use
+as
+the
+language
+for
+plain
+literal
+s.
+It
+is
+commonly
+the
+case
+that
+documents
+are
+written
+using
+a
+single
+language.
+As
+described
+in
+String
+Internationalization
+,
+a
+language-tagged
+literal
+may
+be
+specified
+as
+follows:
+ {
+ ...
+ "name":
+ {
+ "@literal": "花澄",
+ "@language": "ja"
+ }
+ ...
+}
+By
+specifying
+@language
+within
+a
+context
+,
+multiple
+language-tagged
+literals
+may
+be
+marked
+up
+using
+a
+simple
+string
+form:
+ {
+ ,
+ ...
+ "name":
+ ...
+}
+4.4
+Vocabulary
+Prefixes
+Vocabulary
+terms
+in
+Linked
+Data
+documents
+may
+draw
+from
+a
+number
+of
+different
+Web
+vocabularies.
+At
+times,
+declaring
+every
+single
+term
+that
+a
+document
+uses
+can
+require
+the
+developer
+to
+declare
+tens,
+if
+not
+hundreds
+of
+potential
+vocabulary
+terms
+that
+may
+be
+used
+across
+an
+application.
+This
+is
+a
+concern
+for
+at
+least
+three
+reasons;
+the
+first
+is
+the
+cognitive
+load
+on
+the
+developer,
+the
+second
+is
+the
+serialized
+size
+of
+the
+context
+,
+the
+third
+is
+future-proofing
+application
+contexts.
+In
+order
+to
+address
+these
+issues,
+the
+concept
+of
+a
+prefix
+mechanism
+is
+introduced.
+A
+prefix
+is
+a
+compact
+way
+of
+expressing
+a
+base
+IRI
+to
+a
+Web
+Vocabulary
+.
+Generally,
+these
+prefixes
+are
+used
+by
+concatenating
+the
+prefix
+and
+a
+suffix
+separated
+by
+a
+colon
+(
+:
+).
+The
+prefix
+is
+a
+term
+taken
+from
+the
+active
+context
+,
+a
+short
+string
+that
+identifies
+a
+particular
+Web
+vocabulary.
+For
+example,
+the
+prefix
+foaf
+may
+be
+used
+as
+a
+short
+hand
+for
+the
+Friend-of-a-Friend
+Web
+Vocabulary,
+which
+is
+identified
+using
+the
+IRI
+http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
+.
+A
+developer
+may
+append
+any
+of
+the
+FOAF
+Vocabulary
+terms
+to
+the
+end
+of
+the
+prefix
+to
+specify
+a
+short-hand
+version
+of
+the
+absolute
+IRI
+for
+the
+vocabulary
+term.
+For
+example,
+foaf:name
+would
+be
+expanded
+out
+to
+the
+IRI
+http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name
+.
+Instead
+of
+having
+to
+remember
+and
+type
+out
+the
+entire
+IRI,
+the
+developer
+can
+instead
+use
+the
+prefix
+in
+their
+JSON-LD
+markup.
+The
+ability
+to
+use
+prefix
+es
+reduces
+the
+need
+for
+developers
+to
+declare
+every
+vocabulary
+term
+that
+they
+intend
+to
+use
+in
+the
+JSON-LD
+context
+.
+This
+reduces
+document
+serialization
+size
+because
+every
+vocabulary
+term
+need
+not
+be
+declared
+in
+the
+context.
+Prefix
+also
+reduce
+the
+cognitive
+load
+on
+the
+developer.
+It
+is
+far
+easier
+to
+remember
+foaf:name
+than
+it
+is
+to
+remember
+http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name
+.
+The
+use
+of
+prefixes
+also
+ensures
+that
+a
+context
+document
+does
+not
+have
+to
+be
+updated
+in
+lock-step
+with
+an
+externally
+defined
+Web
+Vocabulary
+.
+Without
+prefixes,
+a
+developer
+would
+need
+to
+keep
+their
+application
+context
+terms
+in
+lock-step
+with
+an
+externally
+defined
+Web
+Vocabulary.
+Rather,
+by
+just
+declaring
+the
+Web
+Vocabulary
+prefix,
+one
+can
+use
+new
+terms
+as
+they're
+declared
+without
+having
+to
+update
+the
+application's
+JSON-LD
+context
+.
+Consider
+the
+following
+example:
+ {
+ "@context": {
+
+
+ },
+ "@subject": "http://example.org/library",
+ "@type": ,
+ : {
+ "@subject": "http://example.org/library/the-republic",
+ "@type": ,
+ : "Plato",
+ : "The Republic",
+ : {
+ "@subject": "http://example.org/library/the-republic#introduction",
+ "@type": ,
+ : "An introductory chapter on The Republic.",
+ : "The Introduction"
+ },
+ },
+}
+In
+this
+example,
+two
+different
+vocabularies
+are
+referred
+to
+using
+prefixes.
+Those
+prefixes
+are
+then
+used
+as
+type
+and
+property
+values
+using
+the
+prefix:suffix
+notation.
+Prefixes,
+also
+known
+as
+CURIEs,
+are
+defined
+more
+formally
+in
+RDFa
+Core
+1.1,
+Section
+6
+"CURIE
+Syntax
+Definition"
+[
+RDFA-CORE
+].
+JSON-LD
+does
+not
+support
+the
+square-bracketed
+CURIE
+syntax
+as
+the
+mechanism
+is
+not
+required
+to
+disambiguate
+IRI
+s
+in
+a
+JSON-LD
+document
+like
+it
+is
+in
+HTML
+documents.
+4.5
+Automatic
+Typing
+Since
+JSON
+is
+capable
+of
+expressing
+typed
+information
+such
+as
+doubles,
+integers,
+and
+boolean
+values.
+As
+demonstrated
+below,
+JSON-LD
+utilizes
+that
+information
+to
+create
+typed
+literal
+s:
+ {
+ ...
+ // The following two values are automatically converted to a type of xsd:double
+ // and both values are equivalent to each other.
+ "measure:cups": ,
+ "measure:cups": ,
+ // The following value is automatically converted to a type of xsd:double as well
+ "space:astronomicUnits": ,
+ // The following value should never be converted to a language-native type
+ "measure:stones": ,
+ // This value is automatically converted to having a type of xsd:integer
+ "chem:protons": ,
+ // This value is automatically converted to having a type of xsd:boolean
+ "sensor:active": ,
+ ...
+}
+When
+dealing
+with
+a
+number
+of
+modern
+programming
+languages,
+including
+JavaScript
+ECMA-262,
+there
+is
+no
+distinction
+between
+xsd:decimal
+and
+xsd:double
+values.
+That
+is,
+the
+number
+5.3
+and
+the
+number
+5.3e0
+are
+treated
+as
+if
+they
+were
+the
+same.
+When
+converting
+from
+JSON-LD
+to
+a
+language-native
+format
+and
+back,
+datatype
+information
+is
+lost
+in
+a
+number
+of
+these
+languages.
+Thus,
+one
+could
+say
+that
+5.3
+is
+a
+xsd:decimal
+and
+5.3e0
+is
+an
+xsd:double
+in
+JSON-LD,
+but
+when
+both
+values
+are
+converted
+to
+a
+language-native
+format
+the
+datatype
+difference
+between
+the
+two
+is
+lost
+because
+the
+machine-level
+representation
+will
+almost
+always
+be
+a
+double
+.
+Implementers
+should
+be
+aware
+of
+this
+potential
+round-tripping
+issue
+between
+xsd:decimal
+and
+xsd:double
+.
+Specifically
+objects
+with
+a
+datatype
+of
+xsd:decimal
+must
+not
+be
+converted
+to
+a
+language
+native
+type.
+4.6
+Type
+Coercion
+JSON-LD
+supports
+the
+coercion
+of
+values
+to
+particular
+data
+types.
+Type
+coercion
+allows
+someone
+deploying
+JSON-LD
+to
+coerce
+the
+incoming
+or
+outgoing
+types
+to
+the
+proper
+data
+type
+based
+on
+a
+mapping
+of
+data
+type
+IRI
+s
+to
+property
+types.
+Using
+type
+coercion,
+one
+may
+convert
+simple
+JSON
+data
+to
+properly
+typed
+RDF
+data.
+The
+example
+below
+demonstrates
+how
+a
+JSON-LD
+author
+can
+coerce
+values
+to
+plain
+literal
+s,
+typed
+literal
+s
+and
+IRIs.
+ {
+ "@context":
+ {
+ "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
+ "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "age": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age",
+ "homepage": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
+ "@coerce":
+ {
+ "xsd:integer": "age",
+ "@iri": "homepage"
+ }
+ },
+ "name": "John Smith",
+ "age": ,
+ "homepage":
+}
+The
+example
+above
+would
+generate
+the
+following
+triples:
+ _:bnode1
+ <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name>
+ "John Smith" .
+ _:bnode1
+ <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age>
+ "41"^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer .
+ _:bnode1
+ <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage>
+<http://example.org/home/>
+.
+The
+mechanism
+for
+type
+coercion
+is
+still
+being
+debated.
+It
+may
+be
+that
+the
+key/value
+positions
+are
+swapped,
+yielding
+a
+@context
+such
+as
+the
+following:
+ {
+ "@context": {
+ "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
+ "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "age": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age",
+ "homepage": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
+ "currentProject": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/currentProject",
+ "@coerce": {
+ "age": "xsd:integer",
+ "homepage": "@iri",
+ "currentProject": ["@iri", "@list"]
+ }
+ },
+ ...
+}
+An
+alternative
+is
+to
+merge
+the
+coercion
+into
+term
+definitions:
+ {
+ "@context":
+ {
+ "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
+ "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "age": ,
+ "homepage": ,
+ "currentProject": ,
+ },
+ ...
+}
+4.7
+Chaining
+Object
+chaining
+is
+a
+JSON-LD
+feature
+that
+allows
+an
+author
+to
+use
+the
+definition
+of
+JSON-LD
+objects
+as
+property
+values.
+This
+is
+a
+commonly
+used
+mechanism
+for
+creating
+a
+parent-child
+relationship
+between
+two
+subject
+s.
+The
+example
+shows
+an
+two
+subjects
+related
+by
+a
+property
+from
+the
+first
+subject:
+ {
+ ...
+ "name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "": {
+ "",
+ "",
+ }
+ ...
+}
+An
+object
+definition,
+like
+the
+one
+used
+above,
+may
+be
+used
+as
+a
+JSON
+value
+at
+any
+point
+in
+JSON-LD.
+4.8
+Identifying
+Unlabeled
+Nodes
+At
+times,
+it
+becomes
+necessary
+to
+be
+able
+to
+express
+information
+without
+being
+able
+to
+specify
+the
+subject.
+Typically,
+this
+type
+of
+node
+is
+called
+an
+unlabeled
+node
+or
+a
+blank
+node.
+In
+JSON-LD,
+unlabeled
+node
+identifiers
+are
+automatically
+created
+if
+a
+subject
+is
+not
+specified
+using
+the
+@subject
+keyword.
+However,
+authors
+may
+provide
+identifiers
+for
+unlabeled
+nodes
+by
+using
+the
+special
+_
+(underscore)
+prefix
+.
+This
+allows
+to
+reference
+the
+node
+locally
+within
+the
+document
+but
+not
+in
+an
+external
+document.
+ {
+ ...
+ "@subject": "",
+ ...
+}
+The
+example
+above
+would
+set
+the
+subject
+to
+_:foo
+,
+which
+can
+then
+be
+used
+later
+on
+in
+the
+JSON-LD
+markup
+to
+refer
+back
+to
+the
+unlabeled
+node.
+This
+practice,
+however,
+is
+usually
+frowned
+upon
+when
+generating
+Linked
+Data
+.
+If
+a
+developer
+finds
+that
+they
+refer
+to
+the
+unlabeled
+node
+more
+than
+once,
+they
+should
+consider
+naming
+the
+node
+using
+a
+resolve-able
+IRI
+.
+4.9
+Aliasing
+Keywords
+JSON-LD
+allows
+all
+of
+the
+syntax
+keywords,
+except
+for
+@context
+,
+to
+be
+aliased.
+This
+feature
+allows
+more
+legacy
+JSON
+content
+to
+be
+supported
+by
+JSON-LD.
+It
+also
+allows
+developers
+to
+design
+domain-specific
+implementations
+using
+only
+the
+JSON-LD
+context
+.
+ {
+ "@context":
+ {
+ ,
+ ,
+ "name": "http://schema.org/name"
+ },
+ "url": "http://example.com/about#gregg",
+ "a": "http://schema.org/Person",
+ "name": "Gregg Kellogg"
+}
+In
+the
+example
+above,
+the
+@subject
+and
+@type
+keywords
+have
+been
+given
+the
+aliases
+url
+and
+a
+,
+respectively.
+5.
+Using
+JSON-LD
+for
+RDF
+JSON-LD
+is
+a
+specification
+for
+representing
+Linked
+Data
+in
+JSON.
+A
+common
+way
+of
+working
+with
+Linked
+Data
+is
+through
+RDF
+,
+the
+Resource
+Description
+Framework.
+RDF
+can
+be
+expressed
+using
+JSON-LD
+by
+associating
+JSON-LD
+concepts
+such
+as
+@subject
+and
+@type
+with
+the
+equivalent
+IRI
+s
+in
+RDF.
+Further
+information
+about
+RDF
+may
+be
+found
+in
+[
+RDF-PRIMER
+].
+Some
+examples
+of
+encoding
+RDF
+into
+JSON-LD
+may
+be
+found
+in
+Appendix
+A
+.
+Details
+of
+transforming
+JSON-LD
+into
+RDF
+are
+defined
+in
+[
+JSON-LD-API
+].
+A.
+Markup
+Examples
+The
+JSON-LD
+markup
+examples
+below
+demonstrate
+how
+JSON-LD
+can
+be
+used
+to
+express
+semantic
+data
+marked
+up
+in
+other
+languages
+such
+as
+RDFa,
+Microformats,
+and
+Microdata.
+These
+sections
+are
+merely
+provided
+as
+proof
+that
+JSON-LD
+is
+very
+flexible
+in
+what
+it
+can
+express
+across
+different
+Linked
+Data
+approaches.
+A.1
+Turtle
+The
+following
+are
+examples
+of
+representing
+RDF
+as
+expressed
+in
+[
+TURTLE
+]
+into
+JSON-LD.
+A.1.1
+Prefix
+and
+Base
+definitions
+The
+JSON-LD
+context
+has
+direct
+equivalents
+for
+Turtle
+@base
+and
+@prefix
+expressions:
+ @base <http://manu.sporny.org/> .
+ @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+ <#me> a foaf:Person;
+ foaf:name "Manu Sporny";
+foaf:homepage
+<>
+.
+ {
+ "@context": {
+ "@base": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
+ "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"
+ },
+ "@subject": "#me",
+ "@type": "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "foaf:homepage": {"@iri": ""}
+}
+A.1.2
+Chaining
+Both
+Turtle
+and
+JSON-LD
+allow
+chaining
+of
+objects,
+although
+Turtle
+only
+allows
+chaining
+of
+objects
+which
+use
+nlank
+node
+identifiers.
+ @base <http://manu.sporny.org/> .
+ @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+ <#me> a foaf:Person;
+ foaf:name "Manu Sporny";
+foaf:knows
+[
+a
+foaf:Person;
+foaf:name
+"Gregg
+Kellogg"
+]
+.
+ {
+ "@context": {
+ "@base": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
+ "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"
+ },
+ "@subject": "#me",
+ "@type": "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "foaf:knows": {
+ "@type": "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:name": "Gregg Kellogg"
+ }
+}
+A.1.3
+Lists
+Both
+JSON-LD
+and
+Turtle
+can
+represent
+sequential
+lists
+of
+values.
+ @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+ <http://example.org/people#joebob> a foaf:Person;
+ foaf:name "Joe Bob";
+foaf:nick
+(
+"joe"
+"bob"
+"jaybee")
+.
+ {
+ "@context": {
+ "@base": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
+ "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"
+ },
+ "@subject": "http://example.org/people#joebob",
+ "@type": "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:name": "Joe Bob",
+ "foaf:nick": {"@list": ["joe", "bob", "jaybe"]}
+}
+A.2
+RDFa
+The
+following
+example
+describes
+three
+people
+with
+their
+respective
+names
+and
+homepages.
+ >
+ <ul>
+ <li >
+ <a >Bob</a>
+ </li>
+ <li >
+ <a >Eve</a>
+ </li>
+ <li >
+ <a >Manu</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+</div>
+An
+example
+JSON-LD
+implementation
+is
+described
+below,
+however,
+there
+are
+other
+ways
+to
+mark-up
+this
+information
+such
+that
+the
+context
+is
+not
+repeated.
+ {
+ "@context": { "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"},
+ "@subject": [
+ {
+ "@subject": "_:bnode1",
+ "@type": "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:homepage": "http://example.com/bob/",
+ "foaf:name": "Bob"
+ },
+ {
+ "@subject": "_:bnode2",
+ "@type": "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:homepage": "http://example.com/eve/",
+ "foaf:name": "Eve"
+ },
+ {
+ "@subject": "_:bnode3",
+ "@type": "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:homepage": "http://example.com/manu/",
+ "foaf:name": "Manu"
+ }
+ ]
+}
+A.3
+Microformats
+The
+following
+example
+uses
+a
+simple
+Microformats
+hCard
+example
+to
+express
+how
+the
+Microformat
+is
+represented
+in
+JSON-LD.
+ <div class="vcard">
+ <a class="url fn" href="http://tantek.com/">Tantek Çelik</a>
+</div>
+The
+representation
+of
+the
+hCard
+expresses
+the
+Microformat
+terms
+in
+the
+context
+and
+uses
+them
+directly
+for
+the
+url
+and
+fn
+properties.
+Also
+note
+that
+the
+Microformat
+to
+JSON-LD
+processor
+has
+generated
+the
+proper
+URL
+type
+for
+http://tantek.com
+.
+ {
+ "@context":
+ {
+ "vcard": "http://microformats.org/profile/hcard#vcard",
+ "url": "http://microformats.org/profile/hcard#url",
+ "fn": "http://microformats.org/profile/hcard#fn",
+ "@coerce": { "@iri": "url" }
+ },
+ "@subject": "_:bnode1",
+ "@type": "vcard",
+ "url": "http://tantek.com/",
+ "fn": "Tantek Çelik"
+}
+A.4
+Microdata
+The
+Microdata
+example
+below
+expresses
+book
+information
+as
+a
+Microdata
+Work
+item.
+ <dl itemscope
+ itemtype="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Work"
+ itemid="http://purl.oreilly.com/works/45U8QJGZSQKDH8N">
+ <dt>Title</dt>
+ <dd><cite itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title">Just a Geek</cite></dd>
+ <dt>By</dt>
+ <dd><span itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator">Wil Wheaton</span></dd>
+ <dt>Format</dt>
+ <dd itemprop="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#realization"
+ itemscope
+ itemtype="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Expression"
+ itemid="http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596007683.BOOK">
+ <link itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/type" href="http://purl.oreilly.com/product-types/BOOK">
+ Print
+ </dd>
+ <dd itemprop="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#realization"
+ itemscope
+ itemtype="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Expression"
+ itemid="http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596802189.EBOOK">
+ <link itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/type" href="http://purl.oreilly.com/product-types/EBOOK">
+ Ebook
+ </dd>
+</dl>
+Note
+that
+the
+JSON-LD
+representation
+of
+the
+Microdata
+information
+stays
+true
+to
+the
+desires
+of
+the
+Microdata
+community
+to
+avoid
+contexts
+and
+instead
+refer
+to
+items
+by
+their
+full
+IRI
+.
+ [
+ {
+ "@subject": "http://purl.oreilly.com/works/45U8QJGZSQKDH8N",
+ "@type": "http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Work",
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title": "Just a Geek",
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator": "Whil Wheaton",
+ "http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#realization":
+ ["http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596007683.BOOK", "http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596802189.EBOOK"]
+ },
+ {
+ "@subject": "http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596007683.BOOK",
+ "@type": "http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Expression",
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/type": "http://purl.oreilly.com/product-types/BOOK"
+ },
+ {
+ "@subject": "http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596802189.EBOOK",
+ "@type": "http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Expression",
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/type": "http://purl.oreilly.com/product-types/EBOOK"
+ }
+]
+</del>
+<div class="appendix section" id="mashing-up-vocabularies">
+<h2>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">B.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">C.
+</ins>
+</span>
Mashing
Up
Vocabularies
@@ -11435,11 +20131,11 @@
like
so:
</p>
-<del class="diff-old">{
- "",
- "": "Manu Sporny",
- "": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
- "": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"
+<del class="diff-old"> {
+ "",
+ "": "Manu Sporny",
+ "": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
+ "": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"
</del>
<pre class="example">{
<ins class="diff-chg"> "<span class="diff">@type</span>": "<span class="diff">foaf:Person</span>",
@@ -11475,13 +20171,13 @@
like
so:
</p>
-<del class="diff-old">{
- ,
- "@type": "foaf:Person",
- "foaf:name": "Manu Sporny",
- "foaf:homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
- "sioc:avatar": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny",
- "myvocab:personality": "friendly"
+<del class="diff-old"> {
+ ,
+ "@type": "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "foaf:homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
+ "sioc:avatar": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny",
+ "myvocab:personality": "friendly"
</del>
<pre class="example">{
<span class="diff">"@context": { "myvocab": "http://example.org/myvocab#" }</span>,
@@ -12128,37 +20824,6 @@
on
the
specification.
-<del class="diff-old">Another
-huge
-thank
-you
-goes
-out
-to
-Dave
-Longley
-who
-designed
-many
-of
-the
-algorithms
-used
-in
-this
-specification,
-including
-the
-normalization
-algorithm
-which
-was
-a
-monumentally
-difficult
-design
-challenge.
-</del>
</p>
</div>
<div id="references" class="appendix section">
@@ -12385,91 +21050,99 @@
http://www.w3.org/TR/rdfa-in-html/
</a>
</dd>
-<del class="diff-old">[MICRODATA]
-</del>
<dt id="bib-JSON-LD-API">
-<ins class="diff-chg">[JSON-LD-API]
-</ins>
-</dt>
-<dd>
-<del class="diff-old">Ian
-Hickson;
-et
-al.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Manu
+[JSON-LD-API]
+</dt>
+<dd>
+Manu
Sporny,
Gregg
Kellogg,
Dave
Longley,
Eds.
-</ins>
<cite>
-<del class="diff-old">Microdata
-</del>
<a href="http://json-ld.org/spec/latest/json-ld-api/">
-<ins class="diff-new">JSON-LD
+JSON-LD
API
-</ins>
-</a>
-<del class="diff-old">04
+</a>
+</cite>
+Latest.
+W3C
+Editor's
+Draft.
+URL:
+<a href="http://json-ld.org/spec/latest/json-ld-api/">
+<del class="diff-old">http://www.w3.org/2010/02/rdfa/sources/rdf-interfaces/
+[MICRODATA]
+Ian
+Hickson;
+et
+al.
+Microdata
+04
March
2010.
-</del>
-</cite>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Latest.
-</ins>
W3C
-<del class="diff-old">Working
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Editor's
-</ins>
+Working
Draft.
URL:
-<del class="diff-old">http://www.w3.org/TR/microdata/
-</del>
-<a href="http://json-ld.org/spec/latest/json-ld-api/">
+http://www.w3.org/TR/microdata/
+[MICROFORMATS]
+Microformats
+.
+URL:
+http://microformats.org
+</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">http://json-ld.org/spec/latest/json-ld-api/
</ins>
</a>
</dd>
-<del class="diff-old">[MICROFORMATS]
-</del>
<dt id="bib-RDF-PRIMER">
-<ins class="diff-chg">[RDF-PRIMER]
-</ins>
-</dt>
-<dd>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Frank
+[RDF-PRIMER]
+</dt>
+<dd>
+Frank
Manola;
Eric
Miller.
-</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-primer-20040210/">
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-primer-20040210/">
<cite>
-<del class="diff-old">Microformats
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">RDF
+RDF
Primer.
-</ins>
</cite>
-<del class="diff-old">.
-</del>
-</a>
-<ins class="diff-chg">10
+</a>
+10
February
2004.
W3C
Recommendation.
-</ins>
URL:
-<del class="diff-old">http://microformats.org
-</del>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-primer-20040210/">
-<ins class="diff-chg">http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-primer-20040210/
-</ins>
-</a>
-</dd>
+http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-primer-20040210/
+</a>
+</dd>
+<del class="diff-old">[RDF-SCHEMA]
+Dan
+Brickley;
+Ramanathan
+V.
+Guha.
+RDF
+Vocabulary
+Description
+Language
+1.0:
+RDF
+Schema.
+10
+February
+2004.
+W3C
+Recommendation.
+URL:
+http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-schema-20040210
+</del>
<dt id="bib-RDFA-CORE">
[RDFA-CORE]
</dt>
@@ -12506,54 +21179,136 @@
Draft.
URL:
<del class="diff-old">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-rdfa-core-20110331
+[RFC3986]
+T.
+Berners-Lee;
+R.
+Fielding;
+L.
+Masinter.
+Uniform
+Resource
+Identifier
+(URI):
+Generic
+Syntax.
+January
+2005.
+Internet
+RFC
+3986.
+URL:
+http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt
</del>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-rdfa-core-20111215">
<ins class="diff-chg">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-rdfa-core-20111215
-</ins></a></dd><dt id="bib-TURTLE"><ins class="diff-chg">
+</ins>
+</a>
+</dd>
+<dt id="bib-TURTLE">
[TURTLE]
-</ins></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+</dt>
+<dd>
David
Beckett,
Tim
Berners-Lee.
-</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/TeamSubmission/turtle/"><cite><ins class="diff-chg">
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TeamSubmission/turtle/">
+<cite>
Turtle:
Terse
RDF
Triple
Language.
-</ins></cite></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+</cite>
+</a>
January
2008.
W3C
Team
Submission.
URL:
-</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/TeamSubmission/turtle/"><ins class="diff-chg">
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TeamSubmission/turtle/">
http://www.w3.org/TeamSubmission/turtle/
-</ins></a></dd><dt id="bib-XML-NAMES"><ins class="diff-chg">
-[XML-NAMES]
-</ins></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
-Richard
+</a>
+</dd>
+<del class="diff-old">2011.
+W3C
+Working
+Draft.
+URL:
+http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-rdfa-core-20110331
+[RFC3986]
+T.
+Berners-Lee;
+R.
+Fielding;
+L.
+Masinter.
+Uniform
+Resource
+Identifier
+(URI):
+Generic
+Syntax.
+January
+2005.
+Internet
+RFC
+3986.
+URL:
+http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt
+[TURTLE]
+</del>
+<dt id="bib-XML-NAMES">
+<ins class="diff-chg">[XML-NAMES]
+</ins>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<del class="diff-old">David
+Beckett,
+Tim
+Berners-Lee.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Richard
Tobin;
et
al.
-</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/"><cite><ins class="diff-chg">
-Namespaces
+</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/">
+<cite>
+<del class="diff-old">Turtle:
+Terse
+RDF
+Triple
+Language.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Namespaces
in
XML
1.0
(Third
Edition).
-</ins></cite></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-8
+</ins>
+</cite>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">January
+2008.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">8
December
2009.
+</ins>
W3C
-Recommendation.
+<del class="diff-old">Team
+Submission.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Recommendation.
+</ins>
URL:
-</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/"><ins class="diff-chg">
-http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/
+<del class="diff-old">http://www.w3.org/TeamSubmission/turtle/
+</del>
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/">
+<ins class="diff-chg">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/
</ins>
</a>
</dd>