--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/spec/ED/20110615/diff-20110507.html Wed Jun 15 10:27:43 2011 -0700
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+
+</style><link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/w3c-unofficial" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" charset="utf-8"><style type='text/css'>
+.diff-old-a {
+ font-size: smaller;
+ color: red;
+}
+
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+.diff-old:before,
+.diff-old:after
+ { content: "\2193" }
+:focus { border: thin red solid}
+</style>
+</head>
+<body style="display: inherit; ">
+<div class="head">
+<p>
+</p>
+<h1 class="title" id="title">
+JSON-LD
+-
+Linked
+Data
+Expression
+in
+JSON
+</h1>
+<h2 id="subtitle">
+A
+Context-based
+JSON
+Serialization
+for
+Linked
+Data
+</h2>
+<h2 id="unofficial-draft-15-june-2011">
+Unofficial
+Draft
+<del class="diff-old">30
+May
+2010
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">15
+June
+2011
+</ins>
+</h2>
+<dl>
+<dt>
+<del class="diff-old">Editor:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Editors:
+</ins>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<a href="http://digitalbazaar.com/">
+Manu
+Sporny
+</a>,
+<a href="http://digitalbazaar.com/">
+Digital
+Bazaar,
+Inc.
+</a>
+</dd>
+<dd>
+<a href="http://greggkellogg.net/">
+<ins class="diff-new">Gregg
+Kellogg
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+Kellogg
+Associates
+</ins></dd>
+<dt>
+Authors:
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<a href="http://webbackplane.com/">
+Mark
+Birbeck
+</a>,
+<a href="http://webbackplane.com/">
+Backplane
+Ltd.
+</a>
+</dd>
+<dd>
+<a href="http://digitalbazaar.com/">
+Manu
+Sporny
+</a>,
+<a href="http://digitalbazaar.com/">
+Digital
+Bazaar,
+Inc.
+</a>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<p class="copyright">
+This
+document
+is
+licensed
+under
+a
+<a class="subfoot" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/" rel="license">
+Creative
+Commons
+Attribution
+3.0
+License
+</a>.
+</p>
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div id="abstract" class="introductory section">
+<h2>
+Abstract
+</h2>
+<p>
+Developers
+that
+embed
+structured
+data
+in
+their
+Web
+pages
+can
+choose
+among
+a
+number
+of
+languages
+such
+as
+RDFa
+[
+<cite>
+<a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDFA-CORE">
+RDFA-CORE
+</a>
+</cite>
+],
+Microformats
+[
+<cite>
+<a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-MICROFORMATS">
+MICROFORMATS
+</a>
+</cite>
+]
+and
+Microdata
+[
+<cite>
+<a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-MICRODATA">
+MICRODATA
+</a>
+</cite>
+].
+Each
+of
+these
+structured
+data
+languages,
+while
+incompatible
+at
+the
+syntax
+level,
+can
+be
+easily
+mapped
+to
+RDF.
+JSON
+has
+proven
+to
+be
+a
+highly
+useful
+object
+serialization
+and
+messaging
+<del class="diff-old">replacement
+for
+SOAP.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">format.
+</ins>
+In
+an
+attempt
+to
+harmonize
+the
+representation
+of
+<del class="diff-old">Link
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Linked
+</ins>
+Data
+in
+JSON,
+this
+specification
+outlines
+a
+common
+JSON
+representation
+format
+for
+Linked
+Data
+that
+can
+be
+used
+to
+represent
+objects
+specified
+via
+RDFa,
+Microformats
+and
+Microdata.
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id="sotd" class="introductory section">
+<h2>
+Status
+of
+This
+Document
+</h2>
+<p>
+This
+document
+is
+merely
+a
+public
+working
+draft
+of
+a
+potential
+specification.
+It
+has
+no
+official
+standing
+of
+any
+kind
+and
+does
+not
+represent
+the
+support
+or
+consensus
+of
+any
+standards
+organisation.
+</p>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">This
+document
+is
+an
+experimental
+work
+in
+progress.
+</ins></p>
+</div>
+<div id="toc" class="section">
+<h2 class="introductory">
+Table
+of
+Contents
+</h2>
+<ul class="toc">
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#introduction" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+1.
+</span>
+<ins class="diff-new">Introduction
+</ins></a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#how-to-read-this-document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+1.1
+</ins></span>
+How
+to
+Read
+this
+Document
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#contributing" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">2.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">1.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Introduction
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Contributing
+</ins>
+</a>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#design-goals-and-rationale" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">3.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">2.
+</ins>
+</span>
+Design
+Goals
+<ins class="diff-new">and
+Rationale
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ul class="toc">
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#goals" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">2.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Design
+Rationale
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Goals
+</ins>
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#map-terms-to-iris" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">2.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+Map
+Terms
+to
+IRIs
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#the-json-ld-context" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">2.3
+</ins>
+</span>
+The
+<del class="diff-old">Default
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+</ins>
+Context
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#unambiguous-identifiers-for-json" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<ins class="diff-new">2.4
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
+Unambiguous
+Identifiers
+for
+JSON
+</ins></a></li><li class="tocline">
+<a href="#mashing-up-vocabularies" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.3
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">2.5
+</ins>
+</span>
+Mashing
+Up
+Vocabularies
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#an-example-of-a-context" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.4
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">2.6
+</ins>
+</span>
+An
+Example
+of
+a
+<del class="diff-old">Default
+</del>
+Context
+</a>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#markup-examples" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.5
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.
+</ins>
+</span>
+Markup
+Examples
+</a>
+<ul class="toc">
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#rdfa" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.5.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+RDFa
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#microformats" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.5.2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+Microformats
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#microdata" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.5.3
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.3
+</ins>
+</span>
+Microdata
+</a>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#markup-of-rdf-concepts" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.
+</ins>
+</span>
+Markup
+of
+RDF
+Concepts
+</a>
+<ul class="toc">
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#iris" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+IRIs
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#identifying-the-subject" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+Identifying
+the
+Subject
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#specifying-the-type" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.3
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.3
+</ins>
+</span>
+Specifying
+the
+Type
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#plain-literals" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.4
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.4
+</ins>
+</span>
+Plain
+Literals
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#language-specification-in-plain-literals" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.5
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.5
+</ins>
+</span>
+Language
+Specification
+in
+Plain
+Literals
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#typed-literals" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.6
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.6
+</ins>
+</span>
+Typed
+Literals
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#multiple-objects-for-a-single-property" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.7
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.7
+</ins>
+</span>
+Multiple
+Objects
+for
+a
+Single
+Property
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#multiple-typed-literals-for-a-single-property" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.8
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.8
+</ins>
+</span>
+Multiple
+Typed
+Literals
+for
+a
+Single
+Property
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#blank-nodes" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.9
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.9
+</ins>
+</span>
+Blank
+Nodes
+</a>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#advanced-features" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.10
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">5.
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Escape
+Character
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Advanced
+Features
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ul class="toc">
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#automatic-typing" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.11
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">5.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+Automatic
+Typing
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#type-coercion" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<ins class="diff-new">5.2
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
+Type
+Coercion
+</ins></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#the-json-ld-processing-algorithm" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<ins class="diff-chg">6.
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+JSON-LD
+Processing
+Algorithm
+</ins></a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#overview" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+6.1
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Overview
+</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#processing-algorithm-terms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+6.2
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Processing
+Algorithm
+Terms
+</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#processing-tokens-and-keywords" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+6.3
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Processing
+Tokens
+and
+Keywords
+</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#context" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+6.4
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Context
+</ins></a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#coerce" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+6.4.1
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Coerce
+</ins></a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#chaining" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+6.5
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Chaining
+</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#iri-processing" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+6.6
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+Processing
+</ins></a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sequence" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+7.
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Sequence
+</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#best-practices" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+8.
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Best
+Practices
+</ins></a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#javascript" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+8.1
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+JavaScript
+</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#schema-less-databases" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+8.2
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Schema-less
+Databases
+</ins></a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#advanced-concepts" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+9.
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Advanced
+Concepts
+</ins></a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#vocabulary-profiles" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+9.1
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Vocabulary
+Profiles
+</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#disjoint-graphs" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+9.2
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Disjoint
+Graphs
+</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#the-json-ld-api" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+9.3
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+JSON-LD
+API
+</ins></a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#methods" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+9.3.1
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Methods
+</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#methods-1" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+9.3.2
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Methods
+</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#methods-2" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+9.3.3
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Methods
+</ins></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#the-default-context" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+A.
+</span>
+<ins class="diff-new">The
+Default
+Context
+</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+B.
+</ins></span>
+Acknowledgements
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#references" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">B.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">C.
+</ins>
+</span>
+References
+</a>
+<ul class="toc">
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">B.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">C.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+Normative
+references
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">B.2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">C.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+Informative
+references
+</a>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div id="introduction" class="section">
+<h2>
+<span class="secno">
+1.
+</span>
+<ins class="diff-new">Introduction
+</ins></h2><p><ins class="diff-new">
+JSON-LD
+is
+designed
+as
+a
+light-weight
+syntax
+that
+can
+be
+used
+to
+express
+Linked
+Data.
+It
+is
+primarily
+intended
+to
+be
+a
+way
+to
+express
+Linked
+Data
+in
+Javascript
+and
+other
+Web-based
+programming
+environments.
+It
+is
+also
+useful
+when
+building
+interoperable
+Web
+Services
+and
+when
+storing
+Linked
+Data
+in
+JSON-based
+document
+storage
+engines.
+It
+is
+practical
+and
+designed
+to
+be
+as
+simple
+as
+possible,
+utilizing
+the
+large
+number
+of
+JSON
+parsers
+and
+existing
+code
+that
+is
+in
+use
+today.
+It
+is
+designed
+to
+be
+able
+to
+express
+key-value
+pairs,
+RDF
+data,
+Microformats
+data,
+and
+Microdata.
+That
+is,
+it
+supports
+every
+major
+Web-based
+structured
+data
+model
+in
+use
+today.
+It
+does
+not
+require
+anyone
+to
+change
+their
+JSON,
+but
+easily
+add
+meaning
+by
+adding
+context
+in
+a
+way
+that
+is
+out-of-band.
+The
+syntax
+is
+designed
+to
+not
+disturb
+already
+deployed
+systems
+running
+on
+JSON,
+but
+provide
+a
+smooth
+migration
+path
+from
+JSON
+to
+JSON
+with
+added
+semantics.
+Finally,
+the
+format
+is
+intended
+to
+be
+fast
+to
+parse,
+fast
+to
+generate,
+stream-based
+and
+document-based
+processing
+compatible,
+and
+require
+a
+very
+small
+memory
+footprint
+in
+order
+to
+operate.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-new">
+JSON,
+as
+specified
+in
+[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC4627"><ins class="diff-new">
+RFC4627
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-new">
+],
+is
+a
+simple
+language
+for
+representing
+objects
+on
+the
+web.
+Linked
+Data
+is
+a
+way
+of
+describing
+content
+across
+different
+documents,
+or
+web
+resources.
+Web
+resources
+are
+described
+using
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="IRI" href="#dfn-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+s,
+and
+typically
+are
+dereferencable
+entities
+that
+may
+be
+used
+to
+find
+more
+information,
+creating
+a
+"web
+of
+knowledge".
+JSON-LD
+is
+intended
+to
+be
+a
+simple
+publishing
+method
+for
+expressing
+linked
+data
+in
+JSON.
+</ins></p><div id="how-to-read-this-document" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+1.1
+</ins></span>
+How
+to
+Read
+this
+Document
+</h3>
+<p>
+This
+document
+is
+a
+detailed
+specification
+for
+a
+serialization
+of
+JSON
+for
+Linked
+data.
+The
+document
+is
+primarily
+intended
+for
+the
+following
+audiences:
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Developers
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Web
+developers
+that
+want
+to
+understand
+the
+design
+decisions
+and
+language
+syntax
+for
+JSON-LD.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Software
+developers
+</ins>
+that
+want
+to
+encode
+Microformats,
+RDFa,
+or
+Microdata
+in
+a
+way
+that
+is
+cross-language
+compatible
+via
+JSON.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Developers
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Software
+developers
+</ins>
+that
+want
+to
+<del class="diff-old">understand
+the
+encoding
+possibilities.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">write
+processors
+for
+JSON-LD.
+</ins>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p>
+To
+understand
+this
+specification
+you
+must
+first
+be
+familiar
+with
+JSON,
+which
+is
+detailed
+in
+[
+<cite>
+<a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC4627">
+RFC4627
+</a>
+</cite>
+<ins class="diff-new">]
+and
+RDF
+as
+described
+in
+[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-CONCEPTS"><ins class="diff-new">
+RDF-CONCEPTS
+</ins></a></cite>
+].
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id="contributing" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<ins class="diff-chg">1.2
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Contributing
+</ins></h3>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">This
+document
+is
+an
+experimental
+work
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">There
+are
+a
+number
+of
+ways
+that
+one
+may
+participate
+</ins>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">progress.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+development
+of
+this
+specification:
+</ins>
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-new">All
+comments
+and
+discussion
+takes
+place
+on
+the
+public
+mailing
+list:
+</ins><a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-linked-json/"><ins class="diff-new">
+public-linked-json@w3.org
+</ins></a></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Specification
+bugs
+and
+issues
+should
+be
+reported
+in
+the
+</ins><a href="https://github.com/json-ld/json-ld.org/issues"><ins class="diff-new">
+issue
+tracker
+</ins></a>.</li><li><a href="https://github.com/json-ld/json-ld.org/tree/master/spec"><ins class="diff-new">
+Source
+code
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+for
+the
+specification
+can
+be
+found
+on
+Github.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+The
+</ins><a href="http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=#json-ld"><ins class="diff-new">
+#json-ld
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+IRC
+channel
+is
+available
+for
+real-time
+discussion
+on
+irc.freenode.net.
+</ins></li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="design-goals-and-rationale" class="section">
+<h2>
+<span class="secno">
+2.
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Introduction
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Design
+Goals
+and
+Rationale
+</ins>
+</h2>
+<del class="diff-old">Need
+to
+write
+introduction...
+</del>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+following
+section
+outlines
+the
+design
+goals
+and
+rationale
+behind
+the
+JSON-LD
+markup
+language.
+</ins>
+</p>
+<div id="goals" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">3.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">2.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Design
+</del>
+Goals
+</h3>
+<p>
+A
+number
+of
+design
+considerations
+were
+explored
+during
+the
+creation
+of
+this
+markup
+language:
+</p>
+<dl>
+<dt>
+Simplicity
+</dt>
+<dd>
+Developers
+don't
+need
+to
+know
+RDF
+in
+order
+to
+use
+the
+basic
+functionality
+provided
+by
+JSON-LD.
+</dd>
+<dt>
+Compatibility
+</dt>
+<dd>
+The
+JSON-LD
+markup
+should
+be
+100%
+compatible
+with
+JSON.
+</dd>
+<dt>
+Expressiveness
+</dt>
+<dd>
+All
+major
+RDF
+concepts
+must
+be
+expressible
+via
+the
+JSON-LD
+syntax.
+</dd>
+<dt>
+Terseness
+</dt>
+<dd>
+The
+JSON-LD
+syntax
+must
+be
+very
+terse
+and
+human
+readable.
+</dd>
+<del class="diff-old">4.
+Design
+Rationale
+The
+following
+section
+outlines
+the
+rationale
+behind
+</del>
+<dt>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Zero
+Edits,
+most
+of
+</ins>
+the
+<ins class="diff-new">time
+</ins></dt><dd>
+JSON-LD
+<del class="diff-old">markup
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">provides
+a
+mechanism
+that
+allows
+developers
+to
+specify
+context
+in
+a
+way
+that
+is
+out-of-band.
+This
+allows
+organizations
+that
+have
+already
+deployed
+large
+JSON-based
+infrastructure
+to
+add
+meaning
+to
+their
+JSON
+in
+a
+way
+that
+is
+not
+disruptive
+to
+their
+day-to-day
+operations
+and
+is
+transparent
+to
+their
+current
+customers.
+At
+times,
+mapping
+JSON
+to
+RDF
+can
+become
+difficult
+-
+in
+these
+instances,
+rather
+than
+having
+JSON-LD
+support
+esoteric
+markup,
+we
+chose
+not
+to
+support
+the
+use
+case
+and
+support
+a
+simplified
+syntax
+instead.
+So,
+while
+we
+strive
+for
+Zero
+Edits,
+it
+was
+not
+always
+possible
+without
+adding
+great
+complexity
+to
+the
+</ins>
+language.
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Streaming
+</ins></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+format
+supports
+both
+document-based
+and
+stream-based
+processing.
+</ins></dd></dl></div>
+<div id="map-terms-to-iris" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">2.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+Map
+Terms
+to
+IRIs
+</h3>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-new">An
+Internationalized
+Resource
+Identifier
+(
+</ins><dfn title="IRI" id="dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></dfn><ins class="diff-new">
+)
+as
+described
+in
+[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3987"><ins class="diff-new">
+RFC3987
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-new">
+],
+is
+a
+mechanism
+for
+representing
+unique
+identifiers
+on
+the
+web.
+In
+Linked
+Data,
+IRIs
+(or
+URI
+references)
+are
+commonly
+used
+for
+describing
+entities
+and
+properties.
+</ins></p><p>
+Establishing
+a
+mechanism
+to
+map
+JSON
+values
+to
+IRIs
+will
+help
+in
+the
+mapping
+of
+JSON
+objects
+to
+RDF.
+This
+does
+not
+mean
+that
+JSON-LD
+must
+be
+restrictive
+in
+declaring
+a
+set
+of
+terms,
+rather,
+experimentation
+and
+innovation
+should
+be
+supported
+as
+part
+of
+the
+core
+design
+of
+JSON-LD.
+There
+are,
+however,
+a
+number
+of
+very
+small
+design
+<del class="diff-old">criterial
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">criteria
+</ins>
+that
+can
+ensure
+that
+developers
+will
+generate
+good
+RDF
+data
+that
+will
+create
+value
+for
+the
+greater
+semantic
+web
+community
+and
+JSON/REST-based
+Web
+Services
+community.
+</p>
+<p>
+We
+will
+be
+using
+the
+following
+JSON
+object
+as
+the
+example
+for
+this
+section:
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{"a" : "Person",
+ "name" : "Manu Sporny",
+"homepage"
+:
+"http://manu.sporny.org/"}
+</del>
+<pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "a": "Person",
+ "name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
+ "avatar": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"
+}
+</ins>
+</pre>
+</div>
+<div id="the-json-ld-context" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">2.3
+</ins>
+</span>
+The
+<del class="diff-old">Default
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+</ins>
+Context
+</h3>
+<p>
+A
+<del class="diff-old">default
+</del>
+context
+is
+used
+<del class="diff-old">in
+RDFa
+</del>
+to
+allow
+developers
+to
+use
+<del class="diff-old">keywords
+as
+</del>
+aliases
+for
+<del class="diff-old">IRIs.
+So,
+for
+instance,
+the
+keyword
+name
+above
+could
+refer
+to
+the
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="IRI" href="#dfn-iri">
+IRI
+<del class="diff-old">http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name
+.
+</del>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">s.
+</ins>
+The
+semantic
+web,
+just
+like
+the
+document-based
+web,
+uses
+IRIs
+for
+unambiguous
+identification.
+The
+idea
+is
+that
+these
+terms
+mean
+something,
+which
+you
+will
+eventually
+want
+to
+query.
+<ins class="diff-new">A
+context
+allows
+the
+expression
+of
+a
+number
+of
+terms
+which
+map
+directly
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="IRI" href="#dfn-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+s.
+For
+example,
+the
+term
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+name
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+may
+map
+directly
+to
+the
+IRI
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name
+</ins></code>.<ins class="diff-new">
+This
+allows
+JSON-LD
+documents
+to
+be
+constructed
+using
+common
+JSON
+syntax
+of
+using
+simple
+name/value
+pairs.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-new">
+To
+reduce
+the
+number
+of
+different
+terms
+that
+must
+be
+defined,
+JSON-LD
+also
+allows
+terms
+to
+be
+used
+to
+expand
+Compact
+URIs
+(
+</ins><abbr title="Compact URI"><ins class="diff-new">
+CURIE
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
+).
+</ins>
+The
+semantic
+web
+specifies
+this
+via
+<em>
+Vocabulary
+Documents
+<del class="diff-old">.
+The
+</del>
+</em>,
+<ins class="diff-chg">in
+which
+a
+prefix
+is
+associated
+with
+a
+document,
+and
+a
+suffix
+is
+used
+to
+create
+an
+IRI
+based
+on
+this
+vocabulary.
+For
+example,
+the
+</ins>
+IRI
+<em>
+http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
+</em>
+specifies
+a
+Vocabulary
+Document,
+and
+<strong>
+name
+</strong>
+is
+a
+term
+in
+that
+vocabulary.
+<del class="diff-old">Paste
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Join
+</ins>
+the
+two
+items
+together
+and
+you
+have
+an
+unambiguous
+identifier
+for
+a
+<ins class="diff-new">vocabulary
+</ins>
+term.
+<ins class="diff-new">The
+Compact
+URI
+Expression,
+or
+short-form,
+is
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+foaf:name
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+the
+expanded-form
+is
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name
+</ins></code>.<ins class="diff-new">
+This
+vocabulary
+term
+identifies
+the
+given
+name
+for
+something,
+for
+example
+-
+a
+person's
+name.
+</ins>
+</p>
+<p>
+Developers,
+and
+machines,
+would
+be
+able
+to
+use
+this
+IRI
+(plugging
+it
+directly
+into
+a
+web
+browser,
+for
+instance)
+to
+go
+to
+the
+term
+and
+get
+a
+definition
+of
+what
+the
+term
+means.
+Much
+like
+we
+can
+use
+WordNet
+today
+to
+see
+the
+<a href="http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=definition">
+definition
+</a>
+of
+words
+in
+the
+English
+language.
+Machines
+need
+the
+same
+sort
+of
+dictionary
+of
+terms,
+and
+URIs
+provide
+a
+way
+to
+ensure
+that
+these
+terms
+are
+unambiguous.
+</p>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">Non-prefixed
+terms
+should
+have
+term
+mappings
+declared
+in
+the
+default
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+</ins>
+context
+<del class="diff-old">so
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">provides
+a
+collection
+of
+vocabulary
+terms
+</ins>
+that
+<del class="diff-old">they
+may
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">can
+</ins>
+be
+<del class="diff-old">expanded
+later.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">used
+for
+a
+JSON
+object.
+</ins>
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id="unambiguous-identifiers-for-json" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<ins class="diff-new">2.4
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
+Unambiguous
+Identifiers
+for
+JSON
+</ins></h3>
+<p>
+If
+a
+set
+of
+terms,
+like
+<strong>
+Person
+</strong>,
+<strong>
+name
+</strong>,
+and
+<strong>
+homepage
+</strong>,
+are
+<del class="diff-old">pre-defined
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">defined
+</ins>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">the
+default
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+</ins>
+context,
+and
+that
+context
+is
+used
+to
+resolve
+the
+names
+in
+JSON
+objects,
+machines
+could
+automatically
+expand
+the
+terms
+to
+something
+meaningful
+and
+unambiguous,
+like
+this:
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">",
+ "" : "Manu Sporny",
+"
+http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage
+"
+:
+"
+<
+http://manu.sporny.org
+>
+"}
+</del>
+<pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "<span class="diff">http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type</span>": "<span class="diff">http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person</span>",
+ "<span class="diff">http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name</span>": "Manu Sporny",
+ "<span class="diff">http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage</span>": "http://manu.sporny.org"
+ "<span class="diff">http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#avatar</span>": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"
+}
+</ins>
+</pre>
+<del class="diff-old">In
+order
+to
+differentiate
+between
+plain
+text
+and
+IRIs,
+the
+<
+and
+>
+are
+used
+around
+IRIs.
+</del>
+<p>
+Doing
+this
+would
+mean
+that
+JSON
+would
+start
+to
+become
+unambiguously
+machine-readable,
+play
+well
+with
+the
+semantic
+web,
+and
+basic
+markup
+wouldn't
+be
+that
+much
+more
+complex
+than
+basic
+JSON
+markup.
+A
+win,
+all
+around.
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id="mashing-up-vocabularies" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.3
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">2.5
+</ins>
+</span>
+Mashing
+Up
+Vocabularies
+</h3>
+<p>
+Developers
+would
+also
+benefit
+by
+allowing
+other
+vocabularies
+to
+be
+used
+automatically
+with
+their
+JSON
+API.
+There
+are
+over
+200
+Vocabulary
+Documents
+that
+are
+available
+for
+use
+on
+the
+Web
+today.
+Some
+of
+these
+vocabularies
+are:
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-new">RDF
+-
+for
+describing
+information
+about
+objects
+on
+the
+semantic
+web.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+RDFS
+-
+for
+expressing
+things
+like
+labels
+and
+comments.
+</ins></li><li>
+XSD
+-
+for
+specifying
+basic
+types
+like
+strings,
+integers,
+dates
+and
+times.
+</li>
+<li>
+Dublin
+Core
+-
+for
+describing
+creative
+works.
+</li>
+<li>
+FOAF
+-
+for
+describing
+social
+networks.
+</li>
+<li>
+Calendar
+-
+for
+specifying
+events.
+</li>
+<li>
+SIOC
+-
+for
+describing
+discussions
+on
+blogs
+and
+websites.
+</li>
+<li>
+CCrel
+-
+for
+describing
+Creative
+Commons
+and
+other
+types
+of
+licenses.
+</li>
+<li>
+GEO
+-
+for
+describing
+geographic
+location.
+</li>
+<li>
+VCard
+-
+for
+describing
+organizations
+and
+people.
+</li>
+<li>
+DOAP
+-
+for
+describing
+projects.
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">A
+JSON-LD
+Web
+Service
+could
+define
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Since
+</ins>
+these
+<del class="diff-old">as
+prefix
+es
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">vocabularies
+are
+very
+popular,
+they
+are
+pre-defined
+</ins>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">their
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">something
+called
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default_context" href="#dfn-default_context-1">
+default
+context
+<del class="diff-old">beside
+the
+terms
+</del>
+</a>,
+<ins class="diff-chg">which
+is
+a
+set
+of
+vocabulary
+prefixes
+</ins>
+that
+are
+<del class="diff-old">already
+defined.
+Using
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">pre-loaded
+in
+all
+JSON-LD
+processors.
+The
+contents
+of
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default_context" href="#dfn-default_context-1"><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+are
+provided
+later
+in
+</ins>
+this
+<del class="diff-old">feature,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">document.
+Using
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default_context" href="#dfn-default_context-1"><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+allows
+</ins>
+developers
+<del class="diff-old">could
+also
+do
+markup
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">to
+express
+data
+unambiguously,
+</ins>
+like
+<del class="diff-old">this:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">so:
+</ins>
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">",
+ "" : "Manu Sporny",
+ ",
+"sioc:avatar"
+:
+"<http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny>"
+</del>
+<pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "<span class="diff">rdf:type</span>": "<span class="diff">foaf:Person</span>",
+ "<span class="diff">foaf:name</span>": "Manu Sporny",
+ "<span class="diff">foaf:homepage</span>": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
+ "<span class="diff">sioc:avatar</span>": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+Developers
+<del class="diff-old">could
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">can
+</ins>
+also
+<del class="diff-old">be
+allowed
+to
+</del>
+specify
+their
+own
+Vocabulary
+documents
+by
+modifying
+the
+<del class="diff-old">default
+context,
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context">
+<ins class="diff-chg">active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+in-line
+using
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@context
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword,
+</ins>
+like
+so:
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{"a" : "Context",
+ "myvocab" : "http://example.org/myvocab#"}
+ },
+ {"a" : "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:name" : "Manu Sporny",
+ "foaf:homepage" : "<http://manu.sporny.org/>",
+ "sioc:avatar" : "<http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny>",
+ "myvocab:credits" : 500}
+]
+</del>
+<pre class="example">{
+ <span class="diff">"@context": { "myvocab": "http://example.org/myvocab#" }</span>,
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "a": "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "foaf:homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
+ "sioc:avatar": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"<span class="diff">,
+ "myvocab:personality": "friendly"</span>
+}
+</ins>
+</pre>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-new">The
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@context
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+keyword
+is
+used
+to
+change
+how
+the
+JSON-LD
+processor
+evaluates
+key-value
+pairs.
+In
+this
+case,
+it
+was
+used
+to
+map
+one
+string
+('myvocab')
+to
+another
+string,
+which
+is
+interpreted
+as
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="IRI" href="#dfn-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
+In
+the
+example
+above,
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+myvocab
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+string
+is
+replaced
+with
+"
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+http://example.org/myvocab#
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+"
+when
+it
+is
+detected.
+In
+the
+example
+above,
+"
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+myvocab:personality
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+"
+would
+expand
+to
+"
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+http://example.org/myvocab#personality
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+".
+</ins></p><p>
+This
+mechanism
+is
+a
+short-hand
+for
+RDF,
+<ins class="diff-new">called
+a
+CURIE,
+</ins>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">if
+defined,
+will
+give
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">provides
+</ins>
+developers
+an
+unambiguous
+way
+to
+map
+any
+JSON
+value
+to
+RDF.
+</p>
+<p>
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id="an-example-of-a-context" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.4
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">2.6
+</ins>
+</span>
+An
+Example
+of
+a
+<del class="diff-old">Default
+</del>
+Context
+</h3>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">To
+be
+clear,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+strives
+to
+ensure
+that
+developers
+don't
+have
+to
+change
+</ins>
+the
+<ins class="diff-new">JSON
+that
+is
+going
+into
+and
+being
+returned
+from
+their
+Web
+applications.
+A
+</ins>
+JSON-LD
+aware
+Web
+Service
+<del class="diff-old">could
+</del>
+<em class="rfc2119" title="may">
+<ins class="diff-chg">may
+</ins></em>
+define
+a
+<ins class="diff-new">known
+context.
+For
+example,
+the
+following
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default_context" href="#dfn-default_context-1">
+default
+context
+<del class="diff-old">like
+the
+following:
+</del>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">could
+apply
+to
+all
+incoming
+Web
+Service
+calls
+previously
+accepting
+only
+JSON
+data:
+</ins>
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{"a" : "Context",
+ "__vocab__" : "http://example.org/default-vocab#",
+ "xsd" : "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
+ "dc" : "http://purl.org/dc/terms/",
+ "foaf" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/",
+ "sioc" : "http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#",
+ "cc" : "http://creativecommons.org/ns#",
+ "geo" : "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#",
+ "vcard" : "http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#",
+ "cal" : "http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/ical#",
+ "doap" : "http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#",
+ "Person" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person",
+ "name" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "homepage" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage"
+</del>
+<pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "@context":
+ {
+ "@vocab": "http://example.org/default-vocab#",
+ "@base": "http://example.org/baseurl/",
+ "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
+ "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/",
+ "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/",
+ "sioc": "http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#",
+ "cc": "http://creativecommons.org/ns#",
+ "geo": "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#",
+ "vcard": "http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#",
+ "cal": "http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/ical#",
+ "doap": "http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#",
+ "Person": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person",
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "homepage": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage"
+ "@coerce":
+ {
+ "xsd:anyURI": ["rdf:type", "rdf:rest", "foaf:homepage", "foaf:member"],
+ "xsd:integer": "foaf:age"
+ }
+ }
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+The
+<del class="diff-old">__vocab__
+prefix
+</del>
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@vocab
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+string
+</ins>
+is
+a
+special
+<del class="diff-old">prefix
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">keyword
+</ins>
+that
+states
+that
+any
+term
+that
+doesn't
+resolve
+to
+a
+term
+or
+a
+prefix
+should
+be
+appended
+to
+the
+<del class="diff-old">__vocab__
+</del>
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@vocab
+</ins></code>
+IRI.
+This
+is
+done
+to
+ensure
+that
+terms
+can
+be
+transformed
+to
+an
+IRI
+at
+all
+times.
+</p>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-new">The
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@base
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+string
+is
+a
+special
+keyword
+that
+states
+that
+any
+relative
+IRI
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-new">
+must
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+be
+appended
+to
+the
+string
+specified
+by
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@base
+</ins></code>.</p><p><ins class="diff-new">
+The
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@coerce
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+keyword
+is
+used
+to
+specify
+type
+coercion
+rules
+for
+the
+data.
+For
+each
+key
+in
+the
+map,
+the
+key
+is
+the
+type
+to
+be
+coerced
+to
+and
+the
+value
+is
+the
+vocabulary
+term
+to
+be
+coerced.
+Type
+coercion
+for
+the
+key
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+xsd:anyURI
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+asserts
+that
+all
+vocabulary
+terms
+listed
+should
+undergo
+coercion
+to
+an
+IRI,
+including
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@base
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+processing
+for
+relative
+IRIs
+and
+CURIE
+processing
+for
+compact
+URI
+Expressions
+such
+as
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+foaf:homepage
+</ins></code>.</p></div>
+</div>
+<div id="markup-examples" class="section">
+<h2>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.5
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.
+</ins>
+</span>
+Markup
+Examples
+<del class="diff-old">Write
+some
+introductory
+stuff
+about
+the
+Markup
+Examples.
+</del>
+</h2>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+JSON-LD
+markup
+examples
+below
+demonstrate
+how
+JSON-LD
+can
+be
+used
+to
+express
+semantic
+data
+marked
+up
+in
+other
+languages
+such
+as
+RDFa,
+Microformats,
+and
+Microdata.
+These
+sections
+are
+merely
+provided
+as
+proof
+that
+JSON-LD
+is
+very
+flexible
+in
+what
+it
+can
+express
+across
+different
+Linked
+Data
+approaches.
+</ins>
+</p>
+<div id="rdfa" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.5.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+RDFa
+<del class="diff-old">>
+ <ul>
+ <li >
+ <a >Bob</a>
+ </li>
+ <li >
+ <a >Eve</a>
+ </li>
+ <li >
+ <a >Manu</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+</del>
+</h3>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+following
+example
+describes
+three
+people
+with
+their
+respective
+names
+and
+homepages.
+</ins></p><pre class="example"><div <span class="diff">prefix="foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"</span>>
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ <ul>
+ <li <span class="diff">typeof="foaf:Person"</span>>
+ <a <span class="diff">rel="foaf:homepage" href="http://example.com/bob/" property="foaf:name" </span>>Bob</a>
+ </li>
+ <li <span class="diff">typeof="foaf:Person"</span>>
+ <a <span class="diff">rel="foaf:homepage" href="http://example.com/eve/" property="foaf:name" </span>>Eve</a>
+ </li>
+ <li <span class="diff">typeof="foaf:Person"</span>>
+ <a <span class="diff">rel="foaf:homepage" href="http://example.com/manu/" property="foaf:name" </span>>Manu</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+</ins>
+</div>
+</pre>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">Representation:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">An
+example
+JSON-LD
+implementation
+is
+described
+below,
+however,
+there
+are
+other
+ways
+to
+mark-up
+this
+information
+such
+that
+the
+context
+is
+not
+repeated.
+</ins>
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{{
+ "a" : "Context",
+ "foaf" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"
+ },
+ {
+ "@" : "_:bnode1",
+ "a" : "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:homepage" : "<http://example.com/bob/>",
+ "foaf:name" : "Bob"
+ },
+ {
+ "@" : "_:bnode2",
+ "a" : "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:homepage" : "<http://example.com/eve/>",
+ "foaf:name" : "Eve"
+ },
+ {
+ "@" : "_:bnode2",
+ "a" : "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:homepage" : "<http://example.com/manu/>",
+ "foaf:name" : "Manu"
+ }
+}
+</del>
+<pre class="example">[
+<ins class="diff-chg"> {
+ "@": "_:bnode1",
+ "a": "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:homepage": "http://example.com/bob/",
+ "foaf:name": "Bob"
+ },
+ {
+ "@": "_:bnode2",
+ "a": "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:homepage": "http://example.com/eve/",
+ "foaf:name": "Eve"
+ },
+ {
+ "@": "_:bnode3",
+ "a": "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:homepage": "http://example.com/manu/",
+ "foaf:name": "Manu"
+ }
+]
+</ins>
+</pre>
+</div>
+<div id="microformats" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.5.2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+Microformats
+<del class="diff-old"><div class="vcard">
+ <a class="url fn" href="http://tantek.com/">Tantek Çelik</a>
+</del>
+</h3>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+following
+example
+uses
+a
+simple
+Microformats
+hCard
+example
+to
+express
+how
+the
+Microformat
+is
+represented
+in
+JSON-LD.
+</ins></p><pre class="example"><div class="vcard">
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ <a class="url fn" href="http://tantek.com/">Tantek �elik</a>
+</ins>
+</div>
+</pre>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">Representation:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+representation
+of
+the
+hCard
+expresses
+the
+Microformat
+terms
+in
+the
+context
+and
+uses
+them
+directly
+for
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+url
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+fn
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+properties.
+Also
+note
+that
+the
+Microformat
+to
+JSON-LD
+processor
+has
+generated
+the
+proper
+URL
+type
+for
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+http://tantek.com
+</ins></code>.
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{{
+ "a" : "Context",
+ "vcard" : "http://microformats.org/profile/hcard#vcard"
+ "url" : "http://microformats.org/profile/hcard#url"
+ "fn" : "http://microformats.org/profile/hcard#fn"
+ },
+ {
+ "@" : "_:bnode1",
+ "a" : "vcard",
+ "url" : "<http://tantek.com/>",
+ "fn" : "Tantek Çelik"
+ }
+</del>
+<pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "@context":
+ {
+ "vcard": "http://microformats.org/profile/hcard#vcard",
+ "url": "http://microformats.org/profile/hcard#url",
+ "fn": "http://microformats.org/profile/hcard#fn",
+ "@coerce": { "xsd:anyURI": "url" }
+ },
+ "@": "_:bnode1",
+ "a": "vcard",
+ "url": "http://tantek.com/",
+ "fn": "Tantek �elik"
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+</div>
+<div id="microdata" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.5.3
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.3
+</ins>
+</span>
+Microdata
+<del class="diff-old"><dl itemscope
+ itemtype="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Work"
+ itemid="http://purl.oreilly.com/works/45U8QJGZSQKDH8N">
+ <dt>Title</dt>
+ <dd><cite itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title">Just a Geek</cite></dd>
+ <dt>By</dt>
+ <dd><span itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator">Wil Wheaton</span></dd>
+ <dt>Format</dt>
+ <dd itemprop="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#realization"
+ itemscope
+ itemtype="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Expression"
+ itemid="http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596007683.BOOK">
+ <link itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/type" href="http://purl.oreilly.com/product-types/BOOK">
+ Print
+ </dd>
+ <dd itemprop="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#realization"
+ itemscope
+ itemtype="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Expression"
+ itemid="http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596802189.EBOOK">
+ <link itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/type" href="http://purl.oreilly.com/product-types/EBOOK">
+ Ebook
+ </dd>
+</del>
+</h3>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+Microdata
+example
+below
+expresses
+book
+information
+as
+a
+Microdata
+Work
+item.
+</ins></p><pre class="example"><dl itemscope
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ itemtype="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Work"
+ itemid="http://purl.oreilly.com/works/45U8QJGZSQKDH8N">
+ <dt>Title</dt>
+ <dd><cite itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title">Just a Geek</cite></dd>
+ <dt>By</dt>
+ <dd><span itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator">Wil Wheaton</span></dd>
+ <dt>Format</dt>
+ <dd itemprop="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#realization"
+ itemscope
+ itemtype="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Expression"
+ itemid="http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596007683.BOOK">
+ <link itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/type" href="http://purl.oreilly.com/product-types/BOOK">
+ Print
+ </dd>
+ <dd itemprop="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#realization"
+ itemscope
+ itemtype="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Expression"
+ itemid="http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596802189.EBOOK">
+ <link itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/type" href="http://purl.oreilly.com/product-types/EBOOK">
+ Ebook
+ </dd>
+</ins>
+</dl>
+</pre>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">Representation:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Note
+that
+the
+JSON-LD
+representation
+of
+the
+Microdata
+information
+stays
+true
+to
+the
+desires
+of
+the
+Microdata
+community
+to
+avoid
+contexts
+and
+instead
+refer
+to
+items
+by
+their
+full
+IRI.
+</ins>
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{{
+ "a" : "Context",
+ "__vocab__" : "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/microdata#",
+ "frbr" : "http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#",
+ "dc" : "http://purl.org/dc/terms/"
+ },
+ {
+ "a" : "frbr:Work",
+ "@" : "<http://purl.oreilly.com/works/45U8QJGZSQKDH8N>",
+ "dc:title" : "Just a Geek",
+ "dc:creator" : "Whil Wheaton",
+ "frbr:realization" : ["<http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596007683.BOOK>", "<http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596802189.EBOOK>"]
+ },
+ {
+ "a" : "frbr:Expression",
+ "@" : "<http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596007683.BOOK>",
+ "dc:type" : "http://purl.oreilly.com/product-types/BOOK"
+ },
+ {
+ "a" : "frbr:Expression",
+ "@" : "<http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596802189.EBOOK>",
+ "dc:type" : "<http://purl.oreilly.com/product-types/EBOOK>"
+ }
+}
+</del>
+<pre class="example">[
+<ins class="diff-chg"> {
+ "@": "http://purl.oreilly.com/works/45U8QJGZSQKDH8N",
+ "a": "http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Work",
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title": "Just a Geek",
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator": "Whil Wheaton",
+ "http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#realization":
+ ["http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596007683.BOOK", "http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596802189.EBOOK"]
+ },
+ {
+ "@": "http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596007683.BOOK",
+ "a": "http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Expression",
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/type": "http://purl.oreilly.com/product-types/BOOK"
+ },
+ {
+ "@": "http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596802189.EBOOK",
+ "a": "http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Expression",
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/type": "http://purl.oreilly.com/product-types/EBOOK"
+ }
+]
+</ins>
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="markup-of-rdf-concepts" class="section">
+<h2>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.
+</ins>
+</span>
+Markup
+of
+RDF
+Concepts
+</h2>
+<del class="diff-old">Need
+</del>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+is
+designed
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">write
+introduction
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">ensure
+that
+most
+Linked
+Data
+concepts
+can
+be
+marked
+up
+in
+a
+way
+that
+is
+simple
+</ins>
+to
+<ins class="diff-new">understand
+and
+author
+by
+Web
+developers.
+In
+many
+cases,
+Javascript
+objects
+can
+become
+Linked
+Data
+with
+the
+simple
+addition
+of
+a
+context.
+Since
+</ins>
+RDF
+<del class="diff-old">Concepts
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+also
+an
+important
+sub-community
+of
+the
+Linked
+Data
+movement,
+it
+is
+important
+that
+all
+RDF
+concepts
+are
+well-represented
+in
+this
+specification.
+This
+</ins>
+section
+<ins class="diff-new">details
+how
+each
+RDF
+concept
+can
+be
+expressed
+in
+JSON-LD.
+</ins>
+</p>
+<div id="iris" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+IRIs
+</h3>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+...
+ "foaf:homepage" : "",
+...
+</del>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Expressing
+IRIs
+are
+fundamental
+to
+Linked
+Data
+as
+that
+is
+how
+most
+subjects
+and
+many
+objects
+are
+identified.
+IRIs
+can
+be
+expressed
+in
+a
+variety
+of
+different
+ways
+in
+JSON-LD.
+</ins></p><ol><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+In
+general,
+an
+IRI
+is
+generated
+if
+it
+is
+in
+the
+key
+position
+in
+an
+associative
+array.
+There
+are
+special
+rules
+for
+processing
+keys
+in
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@context
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+when
+dealing
+with
+keys
+that
+start
+with
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+character.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+IRI
+is
+generated
+for
+the
+value
+specified
+using
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+if
+it
+is
+a
+string.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+IRI
+is
+generated
+for
+the
+value
+specified
+using
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+a
+</ins></code>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+IRI
+is
+generated
+for
+the
+value
+specified
+using
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@iri
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+IRI
+is
+generated
+when
+there
+are
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@coerce
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+rules
+in
+effect
+for
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+xsd:anyURI
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+a
+particular
+vocabulary
+term.
+</ins></li></ol><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+example
+of
+IRI
+generation
+for
+a
+key
+outside
+of
+a
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@context
+</ins></code>:</p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+...
+ "<span class="diff">http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name</span>": "Manu Sporny",
+...
+}
+</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+In
+the
+example
+above,
+the
+key
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+interpreted
+as
+an
+IRI,
+as
+opposed
+to
+being
+interpreted
+as
+a
+string..
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+Term
+expansion
+occurs
+for
+IRIs
+if
+a
+term
+is
+defined
+within
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>:</p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ "<span class="diff">@context</span>": {"<span class="diff">name</span>": "<span class="diff">http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name</span>"},
+...
+ "<span class="diff">name</span>": "Manu Sporny",
+...
+}
+</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+CURIE
+expansion
+also
+occurs
+for
+keys
+in
+JSON-LD:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+...
+ "<span class="diff">foaf:name</span>": "Manu Sporny",
+...
+}
+</ins></pre><p><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+foaf:name
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+above
+will
+automatically
+expand
+out
+to
+the
+IRI
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name
+</ins></code>.</p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+IRI
+is
+generated
+when
+a
+value
+is
+associated
+with
+a
+key
+using
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@iri
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+...
+ "foaf:homepage": { "<span class="diff">@iri</span>": "http://manu.sporny.org" }
+...
+}
+</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+type
+coercion
+rules
+are
+specified
+in
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@context
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+a
+particular
+vocabulary
+term,
+an
+IRI
+is
+generated:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{<span class="diff">
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ "@context":
+ {
+ "@coerce":
+ {
+ "xsd:anyURI": "foaf:homepage"
+ }
+ }</span>
+...
+ "foaf:homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org",
+...
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+</div>
+<div id="identifying-the-subject" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+Identifying
+the
+Subject
+</h3>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+...
+ "",
+...
+</del>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">A
+subject
+is
+declared
+using
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key.
+The
+subject
+is
+the
+first
+piece
+of
+information
+needed
+by
+the
+JSON-LD
+processor
+in
+order
+to
+create
+the
+(subject,
+property,
+object)
+tuple,
+also
+known
+as
+a
+triple.
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+...
+ "<span class="diff">@</span>": "<span class="diff">http://example.org/people#joebob</span>",
+...
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-new">The
+example
+above
+would
+set
+the
+subject
+to
+the
+IRI
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+http://example.org/people#joebob
+</ins></code>.</p>
+</div>
+<div id="specifying-the-type" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.3
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.3
+</ins>
+</span>
+Specifying
+the
+Type
+</h3>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+...
+ "",
+...
+</del>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+type
+of
+a
+particular
+subject
+can
+be
+specified
+using
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+a
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key.
+Specifying
+the
+type
+in
+this
+way
+will
+generate
+a
+triple
+of
+the
+form
+(subject,
+type,
+type-url).
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+...
+ "@": "http://example.org/people#joebob",
+ "<span class="diff">a</span>": "<span class="diff">http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person</span>",
+...
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-new">The
+example
+above
+would
+generate
+the
+following
+triple
+(in
+N-Triples
+notation):
+</ins></p><pre class="example"><http://example.org/people#joebob>
+<ins class="diff-new">
+ <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type>
+<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person>
+.
+</ins></pre>
+</div>
+<div id="plain-literals" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.4
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.4
+</ins>
+</span>
+Plain
+Literals
+</h3>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+...
+ "foaf:name" : "",
+...
+</del>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Regular
+text
+strings
+are
+called
+a
+</ins><dfn title="plain_literal" id="dfn-plain_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
+plain
+literal
+</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+RDF
+and
+are
+easily
+expressed
+using
+regular
+JSON
+strings.
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+...
+ "foaf:name": "<span class="diff">Mark Birbeck</span>",
+...
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+</div>
+<div id="language-specification-in-plain-literals" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.5
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.5
+</ins>
+</span>
+Language
+Specification
+in
+Plain
+Literals
+</h3>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+...
+ "foaf:name" : "",
+...
+</del>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+makes
+an
+assumption
+that
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="plain_literal" href="#dfn-plain_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
+plain
+literal
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+s
+with
+associated
+language
+encoding
+information
+is
+not
+very
+common
+when
+used
+in
+JavaScript
+and
+Web
+Services.
+Thus,
+it
+takes
+a
+little
+more
+effort
+to
+express
+plain
+literals
+in
+a
+specified
+language.
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+...
+ "foaf:name": <span class="diff">
+ {
+ "@literal": "花澄",
+ "@language": "ja"
+ }</span>
+...
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-new">The
+example
+above
+would
+generate
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="plain_literal" href="#dfn-plain_literal"><ins class="diff-new">
+plain
+literal
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+for
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
+花澄
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+associate
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+ja
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+language
+tag
+with
+the
+triple
+that
+is
+generated.
+Languages
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-new">
+must
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+be
+expressed
+in
+[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-BCP47"><ins class="diff-new">
+BCP47
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-new">
+]
+format.
+</ins></p>
+</div>
+<div id="typed-literals" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.6
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.6
+</ins>
+</span>
+Typed
+Literals
+</h3>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+...
+ "dc:modified" : "",
+...
+</del>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">A
+</ins><dfn title="typed_literal" id="dfn-typed_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
+typed
+literal
+</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+indicated
+by
+attaching
+a
+IRI
+to
+the
+end
+of
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="plain_literal" href="#dfn-plain_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
+plain
+literal
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+this
+IRI
+indicates
+the
+literal's
+datatype.
+Literals
+may
+be
+typed
+in
+JSON-LD
+in
+three
+ways:
+</ins></p><ol><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+By
+utilizing
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@coerce
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+By
+utilizing
+the
+expanded
+form
+for
+specifying
+objects.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+By
+using
+a
+native
+JSON
+datatype.
+</ins></li></ol><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+first
+example
+uses
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@coerce
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword
+to
+express
+a
+typed
+literal:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{<span class="diff">
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ "@context":
+ {
+ "@coerce":
+ {
+ "xsd:dateTime": "dc:modified"
+ }
+ }</span>
+...
+ "dc:modified": "2010-05-29T14:17:39+02:00",
+...
+}
+</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+second
+example
+uses
+the
+expanded
+form
+for
+specifying
+objects:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+...
+ "dc:modified": <span class="diff">
+ {
+ "@literal": "2010-05-29T14:17:39+02:00",
+ "@datatype": "xsd:dateTime"
+ }</span>
+...
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-new">Both
+examples
+above
+would
+generate
+an
+object
+with
+the
+literal
+value
+of
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+2010-05-29T14:17:39+02:00
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+the
+datatype
+of
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime
+</ins></code>.</p>
+</div>
+<div id="multiple-objects-for-a-single-property" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.7
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.7
+</ins>
+</span>
+Multiple
+Objects
+for
+a
+Single
+Property
+</h3>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+...
+ "foaf:nick" : ,
+...
+</del>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">A
+JSON-LD
+author
+can
+express
+multiple
+triples
+in
+a
+compact
+way
+by
+using
+arrays.
+If
+a
+subject
+has
+multiple
+values
+for
+the
+same
+property,
+the
+author
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="may"><ins class="diff-chg">
+may
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+express
+each
+property
+as
+an
+array.
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+...
+ "@": "http://example.org/people#joebob",
+ "foaf:nick": <span class="diff">["joe", "bob", "jaybee"]</span>,
+...
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-new">The
+markup
+shown
+above
+would
+generate
+the
+following
+triples:
+</ins></p><pre class="example"><http://example.org/people#joebob>
+<ins class="diff-new">
+ <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nick>
+ "joe" .
+<http://example.org/people#joebob>
+ <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nick>
+ "bob" .
+<http://example.org/people#joebob>
+ <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nick>
+"jaybee"
+.
+</ins></pre>
+</div>
+<div id="multiple-typed-literals-for-a-single-property" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.8
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.8
+</ins>
+</span>
+Multiple
+Typed
+Literals
+for
+a
+Single
+Property
+</h3>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+...
+ "dc:modified" : ],
+...
+</del>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Multiple
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed_literal" href="#dfn-typed_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
+typed
+literal
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+s
+may
+also
+be
+expressed
+using
+the
+expanded
+form
+for
+objects:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+...
+ "@": "http://example.org/articles/8",
+ "dcterms:modified": <span class="diff">
+ [
+ {
+ "@literal": "2010-05-29T14:17:39+02:00",
+ "@datatype": "xsd:dateTime"
+ },
+ {
+ "@literal": "2010-05-30T09:21:28-04:00",
+ "@datatype": "xsd:dateTime"
+ }
+ ]</span>
+...
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-new">The
+markup
+shown
+above
+would
+generate
+the
+following
+triples:
+</ins></p><pre class="example"><http://example.org/articles/8>
+<ins class="diff-new">
+ <http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified>
+ "2010-05-29T14:17:39+02:00"^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime .
+<http://example.org/articles/8>
+ <http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified>
+"2010-05-30T09:21:28-04:00"^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime
+.
+</ins></pre>
+</div>
+<div id="blank-nodes" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.9
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.9
+</ins>
+</span>
+Blank
+Nodes
+</h3>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+...
+ "@" : "",
+...
+</del>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">At
+times,
+it
+becomes
+necessary
+to
+be
+able
+to
+express
+information
+without
+being
+able
+to
+specify
+the
+subject.
+Typically,
+this
+is
+where
+blank
+nodes
+come
+into
+play.
+In
+JSON-LD,
+blank
+node
+identifiers
+are
+automatically
+created
+if
+a
+subject
+is
+not
+specified
+using
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword.
+However,
+authors
+may
+name
+blank
+nodes
+by
+using
+the
+special
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+_
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+CURIE
+prefix.
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+...
+ "@": "<span class="diff">_:foo</span>",
+...
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-new">The
+example
+above
+would
+set
+the
+subject
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+_:foo
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-new">
+which
+can
+then
+be
+used
+later
+on
+in
+the
+JSON-LD
+markup
+to
+refer
+back
+to
+the
+named
+blank
+node.
+</ins></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="advanced-features" class="section">
+<h2>
+<span class="secno">
+<ins class="diff-chg">5.
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Advanced
+Features
+</ins></h2><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON-LD
+has
+a
+number
+of
+features
+that
+provide
+functionality
+above
+and
+beyond
+the
+core
+functionality
+provided
+by
+RDF.
+The
+following
+sections
+outline
+the
+features
+that
+are
+specific
+to
+JSON-LD.
+</ins></p><div id="automatic-typing" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.10
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">5.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Escape
+Character
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Automatic
+Typing
+</ins>
+</h3>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">Special
+characters
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Since
+JSON
+is
+capable
+of
+expressing
+typed
+information
+such
+as
+doubles,
+integers,
+and
+boolean
+values.
+As
+demonstrated
+below,
+JSON-LD
+utilizes
+that
+information
+to
+create
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed_literal" href="#dfn-typed_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
+typed
+literal
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+s:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+...
+ // The following two values are automatically converted to a type of xsd:double
+ // and both values are equivalent to each other.
+ "measure:cups": <span class="diff">5.3</span>,
+ "measure:cups": <span class="diff">5.3e0</span>,
+ // The following value is automatically converted to a type of xsd:double as well
+ "space:astronomicUnits": <span class="diff">6.5e73</span>,
+ // The following value should never be converted to a language-native type
+ "measure:stones": <span class="diff">{ "@literal": "4.8", "@datatype": "xsd:decimal" }</span>,
+ // This value is automatically converted to having a type of xsd:integer
+ "chem:protons": <span class="diff">12</span>,
+ // This value is automatically converted to having a type of xsd:boolean
+ "sensor:active": <span class="diff">true</span>,
+...
+}
+</ins></pre><p class="note"><ins class="diff-chg">
+When
+dealing
+with
+a
+number
+of
+modern
+programming
+languages,
+including
+JavaScript
+ECMA-262,
+there
+is
+no
+distinction
+between
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+xsd:decimal
+</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+xsd:double
+</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+values.
+That
+is,
+the
+number
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+5.3
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+the
+number
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+5.3e0
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+are
+treated
+as
+if
+they
+were
+the
+same.
+When
+converting
+from
+JSON-LD
+to
+a
+language-native
+format
+and
+back,
+datatype
+information
+is
+lost
+</ins>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">property
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+number
+of
+these
+languages.
+Thus,
+one
+could
+say
+that
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+5.3
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+a
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+xsd:decimal
+</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+5.3e0
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+an
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+xsd:double
+</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+JSON-LD,
+but
+when
+both
+</ins>
+values
+<ins class="diff-chg">are
+converted
+to
+a
+language-native
+format
+the
+datatype
+difference
+between
+the
+two
+is
+lost
+because
+the
+machine-level
+representation
+will
+almost
+always
+be
+a
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+double
+</ins></strong>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Implementers
+should
+be
+aware
+of
+this
+potential
+round-tripping
+issue
+between
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+xsd:decimal
+</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+xsd:double
+</ins></strong>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Specifically
+objects
+with
+a
+datatype
+of
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+xsd:decimal
+</ins></strong><em class="rfc2119" title="must not">
+must
+<ins class="diff-new">not
+</ins>
+</em>
+be
+<del class="diff-old">escaped
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">converted
+to
+a
+language
+native
+type.
+</ins></p></div><div id="type-coercion" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+5.2
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Type
+Coercion
+</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON-LD
+supports
+the
+coercion
+of
+types
+to
+ensure
+that
+the
+zero-edit
+goal
+of
+JSON-LD
+can
+be
+accomplished.
+Type
+coercion
+allows
+someone
+deploying
+JSON-LD
+to
+coerce
+and
+incoming
+or
+outgoing
+types
+to
+the
+proper
+RDF
+type
+based
+on
+a
+mapping
+of
+type
+IRIs
+to
+RDF
+types.
+Using
+type
+conversion,
+one
+may
+convert
+simple
+JSON
+data
+to
+properly
+typed
+RDF
+data.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+example
+below
+demonstrates
+how
+a
+JSON-LD
+author
+can
+coerce
+values
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="plain_literal" href="#dfn-plain_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
+plain
+literal
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+s,
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed_literal" href="#dfn-typed_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
+typed
+literal
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+s
+and
+IRIs.
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ "@context":
+ {
+ "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
+ "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "age": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age",
+ "homepage": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
+</ins><span class="diff"> "@coerce":
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ {
+ "xsd:integer": "age",
+ "xsd:anyURI": "homepage",
+ }</span>
+ },
+ "name": "John Smith",
+ "age": <span class="diff">"41"</span>,
+ "homepage": <span class="diff">"http://example.org/home/"</span>
+}
+</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+example
+above
+would
+generate
+the
+following
+triples:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">_:bnode1
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name>
+ "John Smith" .
+_:bnode1
+ <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age>
+ "41"^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer .
+_:bnode1
+ <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage>
+<http://example.org/home/>
+.
+</ins></pre></div></div><div id="the-json-ld-processing-algorithm" class="section"><h2><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+6.
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+JSON-LD
+Processing
+Algorithm
+</ins></h2><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+JSON-LD
+Processing
+Model
+describes
+processing
+rules
+for
+extracting
+RDF
+from
+a
+JSON-LD
+document.
+Note
+that
+many
+uses
+of
+JSON-LD
+may
+not
+require
+generation
+of
+RDF.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+processing
+algorithm
+described
+in
+this
+section
+is
+provided
+</ins>
+in
+order
+to
+<ins class="diff-new">demonstrate
+how
+one
+might
+implement
+a
+JSON-LD
+processor.
+Conformant
+implementations
+are
+only
+required
+to
+produce
+the
+same
+type
+and
+number
+of
+triples
+during
+the
+output
+process
+and
+are
+</ins>
+not
+<ins class="diff-new">required
+to
+implement
+the
+algorithm
+exactly
+as
+described.
+</ins></p><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-new">
+The
+Processing
+Algorithm
+is
+a
+work
+in
+progress.
+</ins></p><div class="informative section" id="overview"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+6.1
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
+Overview
+</ins></h3><p><em><ins class="diff-new">
+This
+section
+is
+non-normative.
+</ins></em></p><p><ins class="diff-new">
+JSON-LD
+is
+intended
+to
+have
+an
+easy
+to
+parse
+grammar
+that
+closely
+models
+existing
+practice
+in
+using
+JSON
+for
+describing
+object
+representations.
+This
+allows
+the
+use
+of
+existing
+libraries
+for
+parsing
+JSON
+in
+a
+document-oriented
+fashion,
+or
+can
+allow
+for
+stream-based
+parsing
+similar
+to
+SAX.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-new">
+As
+with
+other
+grammars
+used
+for
+describing
+linked
+data,
+a
+key
+concept
+is
+that
+of
+a
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
+resource
+</ins></em>.<ins class="diff-new">
+Resources
+may
+</ins>
+be
+<del class="diff-old">interpreted
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">of
+three
+basic
+types:
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+s,
+for
+describing
+externally
+named
+entities,
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+BNodes
+</ins></em>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+resources
+for
+which
+an
+external
+name
+does
+not
+exist,
+or
+is
+not
+known,
+and
+Literals,
+which
+describe
+terminal
+entities
+such
+</ins>
+as
+<del class="diff-old">IRIs,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">strings,
+dates
+and
+other
+representations
+having
+a
+lexical
+representation
+possibly
+including
+an
+explicit
+</ins>
+language
+<del class="diff-old">tags,
+</del>
+or
+<del class="diff-old">TypedLiterals.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">datatype.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+Data
+described
+with
+JSON-LD
+may
+be
+considered
+to
+be
+the
+representation
+of
+a
+graph
+made
+up
+of
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+subject
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+object
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+resources
+related
+via
+a
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+predicate
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+resource.
+However,
+specific
+implementations
+may
+choose
+to
+operate
+on
+the
+document
+as
+a
+normal
+JSON
+description
+of
+objects
+having
+attributes.
+</ins></p></div><div id="processing-algorithm-terms" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+6.2
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Processing
+Algorithm
+Terms
+</ins></h3><dl><dt><dfn title="default_context" id="dfn-default_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+context
+</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+a
+context
+that
+is
+specified
+to
+the
+JSON-LD
+processing
+algorithm
+before
+processing
+begins.
+</ins></dd><dt><dfn title="default_graph" id="dfn-default_graph"><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+graph
+</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+destination
+graph
+for
+all
+triples
+generated
+by
+JSON-LD
+markup.
+</ins></dd><dt><dfn title="active_subject" id="dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+subject
+</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+currently
+active
+subject
+that
+the
+processor
+should
+use
+when
+generating
+triples.
+</ins></dd><dt><dfn title="active_property" id="dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+currently
+active
+property
+that
+the
+processor
+should
+use
+when
+generating
+triples.
+</ins></dd><dt><dfn title="active_object" id="dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+object
+</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+currently
+active
+object
+that
+the
+processor
+should
+use
+when
+generating
+triples.
+</ins></dd><dt><dfn title="active_context" id="dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+a
+context
+that
+is
+used
+to
+resolve
+CURIEs
+while
+the
+processing
+algorithm
+is
+running.
+The
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+the
+context
+contained
+within
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
+processor
+state
+</ins></a>.</dd><dt><dfn title="local_context" id="dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+a
+context
+that
+is
+specified
+at
+the
+JSON
+associative-array
+level,
+specified
+via
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@context
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword.
+</ins></dd><dt><dfn title="processor_state" id="dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
+processor
+state
+</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
+processor
+state
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+which
+includes
+the
+</ins><a class="tref" title="active__context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref" title="current_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
+current
+subject
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref" title="current_property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+current
+property
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+</ins><a class="tref" title="processor__state"><ins class="diff-chg">
+processor
+state
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+managed
+as
+a
+stack
+with
+elements
+from
+the
+previous
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
+processor
+state
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+copied
+into
+a
+new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
+processor
+state
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+when
+entering
+a
+new
+associative
+array.
+</ins></dd></dl></div><div id="processing-tokens-and-keywords" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+6.3
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Processing
+Tokens
+and
+Keywords
+</ins></h3><dl><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@context
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+Used
+to
+set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a>.</dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@base
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+Used
+to
+set
+the
+base
+IRI
+for
+all
+object
+IRIs
+affected
+by
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>.</dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@profile
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+reference
+to
+a
+remote
+context
+description
+used
+to
+set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a>.</dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@vocab
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+Used
+to
+set
+the
+base
+IRI
+for
+all
+property
+IRIs
+affected
+by
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>.</dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@coerce
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+Used
+to
+specify
+type
+coercion
+rules.
+</ins></dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@literal
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+Used
+to
+specify
+a
+literal
+value.
+</ins></dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@iri
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+Used
+to
+specify
+an
+IRI
+value.
+</ins></dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@language
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+Used
+to
+specify
+the
+language
+for
+a
+literal.
+</ins></dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@datatype
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+Used
+to
+specify
+the
+datatype
+for
+a
+literal.
+</ins></dd><dt><code>:</code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+separator
+for
+CURIEs
+when
+used
+in
+JSON
+keys
+or
+JSON
+values.
+</ins></dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+Sets
+the
+active
+subjects.
+</ins></dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+a
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+Used
+to
+set
+the
+rdf:type
+of
+the
+active
+subjects.
+This
+token
+may
+be
+conferred
+as
+syntactic
+sugar
+for
+rdf:type.
+</ins></dd></dl><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Use
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@source
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+instead
+of
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+?
+</ins></p><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Use
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@type
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+instead
+of
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+a
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+?
+Note
+that
+both
+are
+just
+semantic
+sugar
+for
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+rdf:type
+</ins></code>.</p></div><div id="context" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+6.4
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Context
+</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+Processing
+of
+JSON-LD
+is
+managed
+recursively
+using
+a
+process
+described
+in
+</ins><a href="sequence"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Sequence
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+During
+processing,
+each
+rule
+is
+applied
+using
+information
+provided
+by
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Processing
+begins
+by
+pushing
+a
+new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
+processor
+state
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+onto
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
+processor
+state
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+stack
+and
+initializing
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+with
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default_context" href="#dfn-default_context-1"><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+context
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+encountered,
+information
+from
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+merged
+into
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>.</p><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Should
+the
+document
+URL
+be
+used
+as
+the
+default
+for
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@base
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default_context" href="#dfn-default_context-1"><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+?
+</ins>
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context">
+<ins class="diff-new">active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+used
+for
+expanding
+keys
+and
+values
+of
+an
+associative
+array
+(or
+elements
+of
+a
+list
+(see
+</ins><span a="#list-processing"><ins class="diff-new">
+List
+Processing
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
+)).
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-new">
+A
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-new">
+local
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+identified
+within
+an
+associative
+array
+having
+a
+key
+of
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@context
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+with
+an
+associative
+array
+value.
+When
+processing
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-new">
+local
+context
+</ins></a>,
+special
+<del class="diff-old">characters
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">rules
+apply:
+</ins></p><ul><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+key
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@base
+</ins></code><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-chg">
+must
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+have
+a
+value
+of
+a
+simple
+string
+with
+the
+lexical
+form
+of
+IRI
+and
+is
+saved
+in
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+perform
+term
+mapping
+as
+described
+in
+</ins><a href="#iri-processing"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+Processing
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+key
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@vocab
+</ins></code><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-chg">
+must
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+have
+a
+value
+of
+a
+simple
+string
+with
+the
+lexical
+form
+of
+IRI
+and
+is
+saved
+in
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+perform
+term
+mapping
+as
+described
+in
+</ins><a href="#iri-processing"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+Processing
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+key
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@coerce
+</ins></code><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-chg">
+must
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+have
+a
+value
+of
+an
+associative
+array.
+Processing
+of
+the
+associative
+array
+is
+described
+</ins><a href="#coerce"><ins class="diff-chg">
+below
+</ins></a></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+the
+key
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-chg">
+must
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+have
+the
+lexical
+form
+of
+</ins><cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/#NT-NCName"><ins class="diff-chg">
+NCName
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-chg">
+must
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+have
+the
+value
+of
+a
+simple
+string
+with
+the
+lexical
+form
+of
+IRI.
+Merge
+each
+key-value
+pair
+into
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+overwriting
+any
+duplicate
+values.
+</ins></li></ul><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+may
+also
+be
+loaded
+from
+an
+external
+document
+using
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@profile
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key
+as
+described
+in
+</ins><a href="#vocabulary-profiles"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Vocabulary
+Profiles
+</ins></a>.</p><div id="coerce" class="section"><h4><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+6.4.1
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Coerce
+</ins></h4><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+Map
+each
+key-value
+pair
+in
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+'s
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@coerce
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+mapping
+into
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+'s
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@coerce
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+mapping,
+overwriting
+any
+duplicate
+values
+</ins>
+in
+<ins class="diff-new">the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+'s
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@coerce
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+mapping.
+The
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@coerce
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+mapping
+has
+a
+either
+of
+a
+single
+CURIE
+or
+of
+an
+array
+of
+CURIEs.
+When
+merging
+with
+an
+existing
+mapping
+in
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+map
+all
+CURIE
+values
+to
+array
+form
+and
+replace
+with
+the
+union
+of
+the
+value
+from
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-new">
+local
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+the
+value
+of
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
+If
+the
+result
+is
+an
+array
+with
+a
+single
+CURIE,
+the
+processor
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="may"><ins class="diff-new">
+may
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+represent
+this
+as
+a
+string
+value.
+</ins></p></div></div><div id="chaining" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+6.5
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
+Chaining
+</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-new">
+Object
+</ins><dfn title="chaining" id="dfn-chaining"><ins class="diff-new">
+chaining
+</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+a
+</ins>
+JSON-LD
+<del class="diff-old">are:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">feature
+that
+allows
+an
+author
+to
+use
+the
+definition
+of
+JSON-LD
+objects
+as
+</ins><a class="tref" title="property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+values.
+This
+is
+a
+commonly
+used
+mechanism
+for
+creating
+a
+parent-child
+relationship
+between
+objects.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+example
+shows
+an
+two
+objects
+related
+by
+a
+property
+from
+the
+first
+object:
+</ins></p> <pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+...
+ "foaf:name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "<span class="diff">foaf:knows</span>": {
+ "<span class="diff">a</span>": "<span class="diff">foaf:Person</span>",
+ "<span class="diff">foaf:name</span>": "<span class="diff">Gregg Kellogg</span>",
+ }
+...
+}
+</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+object
+definition
+may
+be
+used
+anyplace
+a
+value
+is
+legal
+in
+JSON-LD.
+</ins></p></div><div id="iri-processing" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+6.6
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+Processing
+</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+Keys
+and
+some
+values
+are
+evaluated
+to
+produce
+an
+IRI.
+This
+section
+defines
+an
+algorithm
+for
+transforming
+a
+value
+representing
+an
+IRI
+into
+an
+actual
+IRI.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRIs
+may
+be
+represented
+as
+an
+explicit
+string,
+or
+as
+a
+CURIE,
+as
+a
+value
+relative
+to
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old"><
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@base
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@vocab
+</ins></code>.</p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+CURIEs
+are
+defined
+more
+formally
+in
+[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDFA-CORE"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RDFA-CORE
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
+]
+</ins><cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdfa-core/#s_curies"><ins class="diff-chg">
+section
+6
+"CURIE
+Syntax
+Definition"
+</ins></a></cite>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Generally,
+a
+CURIE
+is
+composed
+of
+a
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+prefix
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+a
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+suffix
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+separated
+by
+a
+':'.
+In
+JSON-LD,
+either
+the
+prefix
+may
+be
+the
+empty
+string,
+denoting
+the
+</ins><dfn title="default_prefix" id="dfn-default_prefix"><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+prefix
+</ins></dfn>.</p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+procedure
+for
+generating
+an
+IRI
+is:
+</ins></p><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Split
+the
+value
+into
+a
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+prefix
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+suffix
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+from
+the
+first
+occurrence
+of
+':'.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+prefix
+is
+a
+'_',
+generate
+a
+named
+BNode
+using
+the
+suffix
+as
+the
+name.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+contains
+a
+mapping
+for
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+prefix
+</ins></em>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+generate
+an
+IRI
+by
+prepending
+the
+mapped
+prefix
+to
+the
+(possibly
+empty)
+suffix.
+Note
+that
+an
+empty
+suffix
+and
+no
+suffix
+(meaning
+the
+value
+contains
+no
+':'
+string
+at
+all)
+are
+treated
+equivalently.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+IRI
+being
+processed
+is
+for
+a
+property
+(i.e.,
+a
+key
+value
+in
+an
+associative
+array,
+or
+a
+value
+in
+a
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@coerce
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+mapping)
+and
+the
+active
+context
+has
+a
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@vocab
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+mapping,
+join
+the
+mapped
+value
+to
+the
+suffix
+using
+the
+method
+described
+in
+[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3987"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RFC3987
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
+].
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+IRI
+being
+processed
+is
+for
+a
+subject
+or
+object
+(i.e.,
+not
+a
+property)
+and
+the
+active
+context
+has
+a
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@base
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+mapping,
+join
+the
+mapped
+value
+to
+the
+suffix
+using
+the
+method
+described
+in
+[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3987"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RFC3987
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
+].
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+use
+the
+value
+directly
+as
+an
+IRI.
+</ins></li></ol><p></p></div></div><div id="sequence" class="section"><h2><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+7.
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Sequence
+</ins></h2><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+algorithm
+below
+is
+designed
+for
+in-memory
+implementations
+with
+random
+access
+to
+associative
+array
+elements.
+For
+a
+description
+of
+a
+streaming
+implementation,
+see
+</ins><a href="streaming-processors"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Appendix
+B
+</ins></a>.</p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+conforming
+JSON-LD
+processor
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-chg">
+must
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+implement
+a
+processing
+algorithm
+that
+results
+in
+the
+same
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default_graph" href="#dfn-default_graph"><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+graph
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+that
+the
+following
+algorithm
+generates:
+</ins></p><ol class="algorithm"><li id="processing-step-default-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Create
+a
+new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
+processor
+state
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+with
+with
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+to
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default_context" href="#dfn-default_context-1"><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+initialized
+to
+NULL.
+</ins></li><li id="processing-step-associative"><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+an
+associative
+array
+is
+detected,
+perform
+the
+following
+steps:
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+associative
+array
+has
+a
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@context
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key,
+process
+the
+local
+context
+as
+described
+in
+</ins><a href="context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Context
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+associative
+array
+has
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@iri
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key,
+set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+by
+performing
+</ins><a href="#iri-processing"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+Processing
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+on
+the
+associated
+value.
+Generate
+a
+triple
+representing
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+object
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Return
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+calling
+location.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+associative
+array
+has
+a
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@literal
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key,
+set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+a
+literal
+value
+as
+follows:
+</ins><ul><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+as
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed_literal" href="#dfn-typed_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
+typed
+literal
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+if
+the
+associative
+array
+contains
+a
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@datatype
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key
+after
+performing
+</ins><a href="#iri-processing"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+Processing
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+on
+the
+specified
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@datatype
+</ins></code>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+otherwise,
+as
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="plain_literal" href="#dfn-plain_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
+plain
+literal
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+associative
+array
+contains
+a
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@language
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key,
+use
+it's
+value
+to
+set
+the
+language
+of
+the
+plain
+literal.
+</ins></li></ul><ins class="diff-chg">
+Generate
+a
+triple
+representing
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+</ins><a class="tref" title="active__property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+object
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Return
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+calling
+location.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+associative
+array
+has
+a
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key:
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+value
+is
+a
+string,
+set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+result
+of
+performing
+</ins><a href="#iri-processing"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+Processing
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Generate
+a
+triple
+representing
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+object
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+object
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Create
+a
+new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
+processor
+state
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+using
+copies
+of
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+process
+the
+value
+starting
+at
+</ins><a href="#processing-step-associative"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Step
+2
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref" title="active__subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+result
+and
+proceed
+using
+the
+previous
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
+processor
+state
+</ins></a>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+associative
+array
+does
+not
+have
+a
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key,
+set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref" title="active__object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+newly
+generated
+</ins><a class="tref" title="blank_node_identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+identifier
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Generate
+a
+triple
+representing
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+object
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+</ins><a class="tref" title="active__object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+object
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+For
+each
+key
+in
+the
+associative
+array
+that
+has
+not
+already
+been
+processed,
+perform
+the
+following
+steps:
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+key
+is
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+a
+</ins>
+</code>,
+<ins class="diff-new">set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">>
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">rdf:type
+</ins></code>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+result
+of
+performing
+</ins><a href="#iri-processing"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+Processing
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+on
+the
+key.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Create
+a
+new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
+processor
+state
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+copies
+of
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+process
+the
+value
+starting
+at
+</ins><a href="#processing-step-associative"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Step
+2
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+proceed
+using
+the
+previous
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
+processor
+state
+</ins></a>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Return
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+calling
+location.
+</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+a
+regular
+array
+is
+detected,
+process
+each
+value
+in
+the
+array
+by
+doing
+the
+following
+returning
+the
+result
+of
+processing
+the
+last
+value
+in
+the
+array:
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+value
+is
+a
+regular
+array,
+generate
+an
+RDF
+List
+by
+linking
+each
+element
+of
+the
+list
+using
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+rdf:first
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+rdf:next
+</ins>
+</code>,
+<ins class="diff-new">terminating
+the
+list
+with
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">rdf:nil
+</ins>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-new">using
+the
+following
+sequence:
+</ins><ol><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+the
+list
+has
+no
+element,
+generate
+a
+triple
+using
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+property
+</ins></a>
+and
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">^
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">rdf:nil
+</ins>
+</code>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-new">Otherwise,
+generate
+a
+triple
+using
+using
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+a
+newly
+generated
+BNode
+identified
+as
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
+first
+bnode
+</ins></em>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+For
+each
+element
+other
+than
+the
+last
+element
+in
+the
+list:
+</ins><ol><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Create
+a
+processor
+state
+using
+the
+active
+context,
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
+first
+bnode
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+as
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+and
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+rdf:first
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+as
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+property
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Unless
+this
+is
+the
+last
+element
+in
+the
+list,
+generate
+a
+new
+BNode
+identified
+as
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
+rest
+bnode
+</ins></em>,<ins class="diff-new">
+otherwise
+use
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+rdf:nil
+</ins></code>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Generate
+a
+new
+triple
+using
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
+first
+bnode
+</ins></em>,<code><ins class="diff-new">
+rdf:rest
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
+rest
+bnode
+</ins></em>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Set
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
+first
+bnode
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
+rest
+bnode
+</ins></em>.</li></ol></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Otherwise,
+create
+a
+new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-new">
+processor
+state
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+copies
+of
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+process
+the
+value
+starting
+at
+</ins><a href="#processing-step-associative"><ins class="diff-new">
+Step
+2
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+proceed
+using
+the
+previous
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-new">
+processor
+state
+</ins></a>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+a
+string
+is
+detected,
+generate
+a
+triple
+using
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="plain_literal" href="#dfn-plain_literal"><ins class="diff-new">
+plain
+literal
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+created
+from
+the
+string.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+a
+number
+is
+detected,
+generate
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed_literal" href="#dfn-typed_literal"><ins class="diff-new">
+typed
+literal
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+using
+a
+string
+representation
+of
+the
+value
+with
+datatype
+set
+to
+either
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+xsd:integer
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+or
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+xsd:double
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-new">
+depending
+on
+if
+the
+value
+contains
+a
+fractional
+and/or
+an
+exponential
+component.
+Generate
+a
+triple
+using
+the
+</ins><a class="tref" title="active__subject"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+the
+generated
+typed
+literal.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Otherwise,
+if
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-new">
+true
+</ins></strong><ins class="diff-new">
+or
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-new">
+false
+</ins></strong><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+detected,
+generate
+a
+triple
+using
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed_literal" href="#dfn-typed_literal"><ins class="diff-new">
+typed
+literal
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+created
+from
+the
+string
+representation
+of
+the
+value
+with
+datatype
+set
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+xsd:boolean
+</ins></code>.</li></ol></div><div id="best-practices" class="section"><h2><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+8.
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
+Best
+Practices
+</ins></h2><p><ins class="diff-new">
+The
+nature
+of
+Web
+programming
+allows
+one
+to
+use
+basic
+technologies,
+such
+as
+JSON-LD,
+across
+a
+variety
+of
+systems
+and
+environments.
+This
+section
+attempts
+to
+describe
+some
+of
+those
+environments
+and
+the
+way
+in
+which
+JSON-LD
+can
+be
+integrated
+in
+order
+to
+help
+alleviate
+certain
+development
+headaches.
+</ins>
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+...
+ "example:code" : ,
+...
+</del>
+<div id="javascript" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<ins class="diff-chg">8.1
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+JavaScript
+</ins></h3><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+It
+is
+expected
+that
+JSON-LD
+will
+be
+used
+quite
+a
+bit
+in
+JavaScript
+environments,
+however,
+features
+like
+the
+expanded
+form
+for
+object
+values
+mean
+that
+using
+JSON-LD
+directly
+in
+JavaScript
+may
+be
+annoying
+without
+a
+middleware
+layer
+such
+as
+a
+simple
+library
+that
+converts
+JSON-LD
+markup
+before
+JavaScript
+uses
+it.
+One
+could
+say
+that
+JSON-LD
+is
+a
+good
+fit
+for
+the
+RDF
+API,
+which
+enables
+a
+variety
+of
+RDF-based
+Web
+Applications,
+but
+some
+don't
+want
+to
+require
+that
+level
+of
+functionality
+just
+to
+use
+JSON-LD.
+The
+group
+is
+still
+discussing
+the
+best
+way
+to
+proceed,
+so
+input
+on
+how
+JSON-LD
+could
+more
+easily
+be
+utilized
+in
+JavaScript
+environments
+would
+be
+very
+much
+appreciated.
+</ins></p></div><div id="schema-less-databases" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+8.2
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Schema-less
+Databases
+</ins></h3><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Databases
+such
+as
+CouchDB
+and
+MongoDB
+allow
+the
+creation
+of
+schema-less
+data
+stores.
+RDF
+is
+a
+type
+of
+schema-less
+data
+model
+and
+thus
+lends
+itself
+to
+databases
+such
+as
+CouchDB
+and
+MongoDB.
+Both
+of
+these
+databases
+can
+use
+JSON-LD
+as
+their
+storage
+format.
+The
+group
+needs
+feedback
+from
+CouchDB
+and
+MongoDB
+experts
+regarding
+the
+usefulness
+of
+JSON-LD
+in
+those
+environments.
+</ins></p><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+MongoDB
+does
+not
+allow
+the
+'.'
+character
+to
+be
+used
+in
+key
+names.
+This
+prevents
+developers
+from
+storing
+IRIs
+as
+keys,
+which
+also
+prevents
+storage
+of
+the
+data
+in
+normalized
+form.
+While
+this
+issue
+can
+be
+avoided
+by
+using
+CURIEs
+for
+key
+values,
+it
+is
+not
+known
+if
+this
+mechanism
+is
+enough
+to
+allow
+JSON-LD
+to
+be
+used
+in
+MongoDB
+in
+a
+way
+that
+is
+useful
+to
+developers.
+</ins></p></div></div><div id="advanced-concepts" class="section"><h2><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+9.
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Advanced
+Concepts
+</ins></h2><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+There
+are
+a
+few
+advanced
+concepts
+where
+it
+is
+not
+clear
+whether
+or
+not
+the
+JSON-LD
+specification
+is
+going
+to
+support
+the
+complexity
+necessary
+to
+support
+each
+concept.
+The
+entire
+section
+on
+Advanced
+Concepts
+should
+be
+considered
+as
+discussion
+points;
+it
+is
+merely
+a
+list
+of
+possibilities
+where
+all
+of
+the
+benefits
+and
+drawbacks
+have
+not
+been
+explored.
+</ins></p><div id="vocabulary-profiles" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+9.1
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Vocabulary
+Profiles
+</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+One
+of
+the
+more
+powerful
+features
+of
+RDFa
+1.1
+Core
+is
+the
+ability
+to
+specify
+a
+collection
+of
+prefixes
+and
+terms
+that
+can
+be
+re-used
+by
+a
+processor
+to
+simplfy
+markup.
+JSON-LD
+provides
+a
+similar
+mechanism
+called
+Vocabulary
+Profiles,
+which
+is
+the
+inclusion
+of
+a
+context
+external
+to
+the
+JSON-LD
+document.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+example
+below
+demonstrates
+how
+one
+may
+specify
+an
+external
+Vocabulary
+Profile.
+Assume
+the
+following
+profile
+exists
+at
+this
+imaginary
+URL:
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+http://example.org/profiles/contacts
+</ins></code>.</p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ "@context":
+ {
+ "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "age": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age",
+ "homepage": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
+ "#types":
+ {
+ "age": "xsd:integer",
+ "homepage": "xsd:anyURI",
+ }
+ }
+}
+</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+profile
+listed
+above
+can
+be
+used
+in
+the
+following
+way:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ "@profile": "http://example.org/profiles/contacts",
+ "name": "John Smith",
+ "age": "41",
+ "homepage": "http://example.org/home/"
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-new">The
+example
+above
+would
+generate
+the
+following
+triples:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">_:bnode1
+<ins class="diff-new">
+ <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name>
+ "John Smith" .
+_:bnode1
+ <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age>
+ "41"^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer .
+_:bnode1
+ <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage>
+<http://example.org/home/>
+.
+</ins></pre>
+</div>
+<div id="disjoint-graphs" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.11
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">9.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Automatic
+Typing
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Disjoint
+Graphs
+</ins>
+</h3>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+...
+ // This value is automatically converted to having a type of xsd:decimal
+ "measure:cups" : ,
+ // This value is automatically converted to having a type of xsd:integer
+ "chem:protons" : ,
+ // This value is automatically converted to having a type of xsd:boolean
+ "sensor:active" : ,
+...
+</del>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">When
+serializing
+an
+RDF
+graph
+that
+contains
+two
+or
+more
+sections
+of
+the
+graph
+which
+are
+entirely
+disjoint,
+one
+must
+use
+an
+array
+to
+express
+the
+graph
+as
+two
+graphs.
+This
+may
+not
+be
+acceptable
+to
+some
+authors,
+who
+would
+rather
+express
+the
+information
+as
+one
+graph.
+Since,
+by
+definition,
+disjoint
+graphs
+require
+there
+to
+be
+two
+top-level
+objects,
+JSON-LD
+utilizes
+a
+mechanism
+that
+allows
+disjoint
+graphs
+to
+be
+expressed
+using
+a
+single
+graph.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+Assume
+the
+following
+RDF
+graph:
+</ins></p><pre class="example"><http://example.org/people#john>
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type>
+ <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> .
+<http://example.org/people#jane>
+ <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type>
+<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person>
+.
+</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+Since
+the
+two
+subjects
+are
+entirely
+disjoint
+with
+one
+another,
+it
+is
+impossible
+to
+express
+the
+RDF
+graph
+above
+using
+a
+single
+JSON-LD
+associative
+array.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+In
+JSON-LD,
+one
+can
+use
+the
+subject
+to
+express
+disjoint
+graphs
+as
+a
+single
+graph:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ "@":
+ [
+ {
+ "@": "http://example.org/people#john",
+ "a": "foaf:Person"
+ },
+ {
+ "@": "http://example.org/people#jane",
+ "a": "foaf:Person"
+ }
+ ]
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-new">A
+disjoint
+graph
+could
+also
+be
+expressed
+like
+so:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">[
+<ins class="diff-new">
+ {
+ "@": "http://example.org/people#john",
+ "a": "foaf:Person"
+ },
+ {
+ "@": "http://example.org/people#jane",
+ "a": "foaf:Person"
+ }
+]
+</ins></pre>
+</div>
+<div id="the-json-ld-api" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<ins class="diff-new">9.3
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
+The
+JSON-LD
+API
+</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-new">
+This
+API
+provides
+a
+clean
+mechanism
+that
+enables
+developers
+to
+convert
+JSON-LD
+data
+into
+a
+format
+that
+is
+easier
+to
+work
+with
+in
+various
+programming
+languages.
+</ins></p><pre class="idl"><span class="idlInterface" id="idl-def-JSONLDProcessor">[<span class="extAttr">NoInterfaceObject</span>]
+<ins class="diff-new">
+interface <span class="idlInterfaceID">JSONLDProcessor</span> {
+</ins><span class="idlMethod"> <span class="idlMethType"><a>object</a></span> <span class="idlMethName"><a href="#widl-JSONLDProcessor-toProjection-object-DOMString-jsonld-object-template-DOMString-subject-JSONLDParserCallback-callback">toProjection</a></span> (<span class="idlParam">in <span class="idlParamType"><a>DOMString</a></span> <span class="idlParamName">jsonld</span></span>, <span class="idlParam">in <span class="idlParamType"><a>object</a>?</span> <span class="idlParamName">template</span></span>, <span class="idlParam">in <span class="idlParamType"><a>DOMString</a>?</span> <span class="idlParamName">subject</span></span>, <span class="idlParam">in optional <span class="idlParamType"><a>JSONLDParserCallback</a>?</span> <span class="idlParamName">callback</span></span>);</span>
+<span class="idlMethod"> <span class="idlMethType"><a>Graph</a></span> <span class="idlMethName"><a href="#widl-JSONLDProcessor-toGraph-Graph-DOMString-jsonld-JSONLDParserCallback-callback">toGraph</a></span> (<span class="idlParam">in <span class="idlParamType"><a>DOMString</a></span> <span class="idlParamName">jsonld</span></span>, <span class="idlParam">in optional <span class="idlParamType"><a>JSONLDParserCallback</a>?</span> <span class="idlParamName">callback</span></span>);</span>
+<ins class="diff-new">
+};</span>
+</ins></pre><div id="methods" class="section"><h4><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+9.3.1
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
+Methods
+</ins></h4><dl class="methods"><dt id="widl-JSONLDProcessor-toGraph-Graph-DOMString-jsonld-JSONLDParserCallback-callback"><code><ins class="diff-new">
+toGraph
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
+Parses
+JSON-LD
+and
+transforms
+the
+data
+into
+an
+Graph,
+which
+is
+compatible
+with
+the
+RDF
+Interfaces
+API
+specification
+[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-INTERFACES"><ins class="diff-new">
+RDF-INTERFACES
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-new">
+].
+This
+method
+will
+return
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+null
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+if
+there
+are
+any
+errors,
+or
+if
+the
+RDF
+Interfaces
+API
+is
+not
+available
+for
+use.
+</ins><table class="parameters"><tr><th><ins class="diff-new">
+Parameter
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-new">
+Type
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-new">
+Nullable
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-new">
+Optional
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-new">
+Description
+</ins></th></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-new">
+jsonld
+</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a><ins class="diff-new">
+DOMString
+</ins></a></code></td><td class="prmNullFalse"><ins class="diff-new">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><ins class="diff-new">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-new">
+The
+JSON-LD
+string
+to
+parse
+into
+the
+RDFGraph.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-new">
+callback
+</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a><ins class="diff-new">
+JSONLDParserCallback
+</ins></a></code></td><td class="prmNullTrue"><ins class="diff-new">
+✔
+</ins></td><td class="prmOptTrue"><ins class="diff-new">
+✔
+</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-new">
+A
+callback
+that
+is
+called
+whenever
+a
+processing
+error
+occurs
+on
+the
+given
+JSON-LD
+string.
+</ins></td></tr></table><div><em><ins class="diff-new">
+No
+exceptions.
+</ins></em>
+</div>
+<div>
+<em>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Return
+type:
+</ins></em><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+Graph
+</ins></a></code></div></dd><dt id="widl-JSONLDProcessor-toProjection-object-DOMString-jsonld-object-template-DOMString-subject-JSONLDParserCallback-callback"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+toProjection
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+Parses
+JSON-LD
+text
+into
+an
+RDF
+API
+Projection
+object
+as
+specified
+by
+the
+RDF
+API
+specification
+[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-API"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RDF-API
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
+].
+If
+there
+are
+any
+errors,
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+returned.
+</ins><table class="parameters"><tr><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Parameter
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Type
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Nullable
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Optional
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Description
+</ins></th></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-chg">
+jsonld
+</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+DOMString
+</ins></a></code></td><td class="prmNullFalse"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+JSON-LD
+string
+to
+parse
+into
+the
+Projection.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-chg">
+template
+</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+object
+</ins></a></code></td><td class="prmNullTrue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✔
+</ins></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+Projection
+template
+to
+use
+when
+building
+the
+Projection.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-chg">
+subject
+</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+DOMString
+</ins></a></code></td><td class="prmNullTrue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✔
+</ins></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+subject
+to
+use
+when
+building
+the
+Projection.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-chg">
+callback
+</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSONLDParserCallback
+</ins></a></code></td><td class="prmNullTrue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✔
+</ins></td><td class="prmOptTrue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✔
+</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+callback
+that
+is
+called
+whenever
+a
+processing
+error
+occurs
+on
+the
+given
+JSON-LD
+string.
+</ins></td></tr></table><div><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+No
+exceptions.
+</ins></em></div><div><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+Return
+type:
+</ins></em><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+object
+</ins></a></code></div></dd></dl></div><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+JSONLDParserCallback
+is
+called
+whenever
+a
+processing
+error
+occurs
+on
+input
+data.
+</ins></p><pre class="idl"><span class="idlInterface" id="idl-def-JSONLDProcessorCallback">[<span class="extAttr">NoInterfaceObject Callback</span>]
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+interface <span class="idlInterfaceID">JSONLDProcessorCallback</span> {
+</ins><span class="idlMethod"> <span class="idlMethType"><a>void</a></span> <span class="idlMethName"><a href="#widl-JSONLDProcessorCallback-error-void-DOMString-error">error</a></span> (<span class="idlParam">in <span class="idlParamType"><a>DOMString</a></span> <span class="idlParamName">error</span></span>);</span>
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+};</span>
+</ins></pre><div id="methods-1" class="section"><h4><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+9.3.2
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Methods
+</ins></h4><dl class="methods"><dt id="widl-JSONLDProcessorCallback-error-void-DOMString-error"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+error
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+This
+callback
+is
+invoked
+whenever
+an
+error
+occurs
+during
+processing.
+</ins><table class="parameters"><tr><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Parameter
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Type
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Nullable
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Optional
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Description
+</ins></th></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-chg">
+error
+</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+DOMString
+</ins></a></code></td><td class="prmNullFalse"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+descriptive
+error
+string
+returned
+by
+the
+processor.
+</ins></td></tr></table><div><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+No
+exceptions.
+</ins></em></div><div><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+Return
+type:
+</ins></em><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+void
+</ins></a></code></div></dd></dl></div><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+following
+example
+demonstrates
+how
+to
+convert
+JSON-LD
+to
+a
+projection
+that
+is
+directly
+usable
+in
+a
+programming
+environment:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">// retrieve JSON-LD from a Web Service
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+var jsonldString = fetchPerson();
+
+// This map, usually defined once per script, defines how to map incoming
+// JSON-LD to JavaScript objects
+var myTemplate = { "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name" : "name",
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age" : "age",
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage" : "homepage" };
+
+// Map the JSON-LD to a language-native object
+var person = jsonld.toProjection(jsonldString, myTemplate);
+
+// Use the language-native object
+alert(person.name + " is " + person.age + " years old. " +
+"Their
+homepage
+is:
+"
++
+person.homepage);
+</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+JSON-LD
+Serializer
+is
+also
+available
+to
+map
+a
+language-native
+object
+to
+JSON-LD.
+</ins></p><pre class="idl"><span class="idlInterface" id="idl-def-JSONLDSerializer">[<span class="extAttr">NoInterfaceObject</span>]
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+interface <span class="idlInterfaceID">JSONLDSerializer</span> {
+</ins><span class="idlMethod"> <span class="idlMethType"><a>DOMString</a></span> <span class="idlMethName"><a href="#widl-JSONLDSerializer-normalize-DOMString-object-obj">normalize</a></span> (<span class="idlParam">in <span class="idlParamType"><a>object</a></span> <span class="idlParamName">obj</span></span>);</span>
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+};</span>
+</ins></pre><div id="methods-2" class="section"><h4><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+9.3.3
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Methods
+</ins></h4><dl class="methods"><dt id="widl-JSONLDSerializer-normalize-DOMString-object-obj"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+normalize
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+Serializes
+a
+language-native
+object
+into
+a
+normalized
+JSON-LD
+string.
+Normalization
+is
+important
+when
+performing
+things
+like
+equality
+comparison
+and
+digital
+signature
+creation
+and
+verification.
+</ins><table class="parameters"><tr><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Parameter
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Type
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Nullable
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Optional
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Description
+</ins></th></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-chg">
+obj
+</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+object
+</ins></a></code></td><td class="prmNullFalse"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+associative
+array
+of
+key-value
+pairs
+that
+should
+be
+converted
+to
+a
+JSON-LD
+string.
+It
+is
+assumed
+that
+a
+map
+already
+exists
+for
+the
+data.
+</ins></td></tr></table><div><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+No
+exceptions.
+</ins></em></div><div><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+Return
+type:
+</ins></em><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+DOMString
+</ins></a></code></div></dd></dl></div><h3 id="the-normalization-algorithm"><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+Normalization
+Algorithm
+</ins></h3><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+This
+algorithm
+is
+very
+rough,
+untested,
+and
+probably
+contains
+many
+bugs.
+Use
+at
+your
+own
+risk.
+It
+will
+change
+in
+the
+coming
+months.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+JSON-LD
+normalization
+algorithm
+is
+as
+follows:
+</ins></p><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Remove
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@context
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key
+and
+preserve
+it
+as
+the
+</ins><dfn title="transformation_map" id="dfn-transformation_map"><ins class="diff-chg">
+transformation
+map
+</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-chg">
+while
+running
+this
+algorithm.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+For
+each
+key
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+key
+is
+a
+CURIE,
+expand
+the
+CURIE
+to
+an
+IRI
+using
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="transformation_map" href="#dfn-transformation_map"><ins class="diff-chg">
+transformation
+map
+</ins></a>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+For
+each
+value
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+value
+should
+be
+type
+coerced
+per
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="transformation_map" href="#dfn-transformation_map"><ins class="diff-chg">
+transformation
+map
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+ensure
+that
+it
+is
+transformed
+to
+the
+new
+value.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+value
+is
+a
+CURIE,
+expand
+the
+CURIE
+to
+an
+IRI
+using
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="transformation_map" href="#dfn-transformation_map"><ins class="diff-chg">
+transformation
+map
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+value
+is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed_literal" href="#dfn-typed_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
+typed
+literal
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+the
+type
+is
+a
+CURIE,
+expand
+it
+to
+an
+IRI
+using
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="transformation_map" href="#dfn-transformation_map"><ins class="diff-chg">
+transformation
+map
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+When
+generating
+the
+final
+value,
+use
+expanded
+object
+value
+form
+to
+store
+all
+IRIs,
+typed
+literals
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="plain_literal" href="#dfn-plain_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
+plain
+literal
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+s
+with
+language
+information.
+</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Output
+each
+sorted
+key-value
+pair
+without
+any
+extraneous
+whitespace.
+If
+the
+value
+is
+an
+associative
+array,
+perform
+this
+algorithm,
+starting
+at
+step
+#1,
+recursively
+on
+the
+sub-tree.
+There
+should
+be
+no
+nesting
+in
+the
+outputted
+JSON
+data.
+That
+is,
+the
+top-most
+element
+should
+be
+an
+array.
+Each
+item
+in
+the
+array
+contains
+a
+single
+subject
+with
+a
+corresponding
+array
+of
+properties
+in
+UTF-8
+sort
+order.
+Any
+related
+objects
+that
+are
+complex
+objects
+themselves
+should
+be
+given
+a
+top-level
+object
+in
+the
+top-level
+array.
+</ins></li></ol><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Note
+that
+normalizing
+named
+blank
+nodes
+is
+impossible
+at
+present
+since
+one
+would
+have
+to
+specify
+a
+blank
+node
+naming
+algorithm.
+For
+the
+time
+being,
+you
+cannot
+normalize
+graphs
+that
+contain
+named
+blank
+nodes.
+However,
+normalizing
+graphs
+that
+contain
+non-named
+blank
+nodes
+is
+supported.
+</ins></p><pre class="example">var myObj = { "@context" : {
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ "xsd" : "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
+ "name" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "age" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age",
+ "homepage" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
+ "@coerce": {
+ "xsd:nonNegativeInteger": "age",
+ "xsd:anyURI": "homepage"
+ }
+ },
+ "name" : "Joe Jackson",
+ "age" : "42",
+ "homepage" : "http://example.org/people/joe" };
+
+// Map the language-native object to JSON-LD
+var
+jsonldText
+=
+jsonld.normalize(myObj);
+</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+After
+the
+code
+in
+the
+example
+above
+has
+executed,
+the
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+jsonldText
+</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+will
+be
+(line-breaks
+added
+for
+readability):
+</ins></p><pre class="example">[{"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age":{"@datatype":"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger","@literal":"42"},
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage":{"@iri":"http://example.org/people/joe"},
+"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name":"Joe
+Jackson"}]
+</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+When
+normalizing
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+xsd:double
+</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+values,
+implementers
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-chg">
+must
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+ensure
+that
+the
+normalized
+value
+is
+a
+string.
+In
+order
+to
+generate
+the
+string
+from
+a
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+double
+</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+value,
+output
+equivalent
+to
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+printf("%1.6e",
+value)
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+function
+in
+C
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-chg">
+must
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+be
+used
+where
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+"%1.6e"
+</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+the
+string
+formatter
+and
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+the
+value
+to
+be
+converted.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+To
+convert
+the
+a
+double
+value
+in
+JavaScript,
+implementers
+can
+use
+the
+following
+snippet
+of
+code:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">// the variable 'value' below is the JavaScript native double value that is to be converted
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+(value).toExponential(6).replace(/(e(?:\+|-))([0-9])$/,
+'$10$2')
+</ins></pre><p class="note"><ins class="diff-chg">
+When
+data
+needs
+to
+be
+normalized,
+JSON-LD
+authors
+should
+not
+use
+values
+that
+are
+going
+to
+undergo
+automatic
+conversion.
+This
+is
+due
+to
+the
+lossy
+nature
+of
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+xsd:double
+</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+values.
+</ins></p><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Round-tripping
+data
+can
+be
+problematic
+if
+we
+mix
+and
+match
+@coerce
+rules
+with
+JSON-native
+datatypes,
+like
+integers.
+Consider
+the
+following
+code
+example:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">var myObj = { "@context" : {
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ "number" : "http://example.com/vocab#number",
+ "@coerce": {
+ "xsd:nonNegativeInteger": "number"
+ }
+ },
+ "number" : 42 };
+
+// Map the language-native object to JSON-LD
+var jsonldText = jsonld.normalize(myObj);
+
+// Convert the normalized object back to a JavaScript object
+var
+myObj2
+=
+jsonld.parse(jsonldText);
+</ins></pre><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+At
+this
+point,
+myObj2
+and
+myObj
+will
+have
+different
+values
+for
+the
+"number"
+value.
+myObj
+will
+be
+the
+number
+42,
+while
+myObj2
+will
+be
+the
+string
+"42".
+This
+type
+of
+data
+round-tripping
+error
+can
+bite
+developers.
+We
+are
+currently
+wondering
+if
+having
+a
+"coerce
+validation"
+phase
+in
+the
+parsing/normalization
+phases
+would
+be
+a
+good
+idea.
+It
+would
+prevent
+data
+round-tripping
+issues
+like
+the
+one
+mentioned
+above.
+</ins></p></div></div><div class="appendix section" id="the-default-context">
+<h2>
+<span class="secno">
+A.
+</span>
+<ins class="diff-new">The
+Default
+Context
+</ins></h2><p><ins class="diff-new">
+The
+</ins><dfn title="default_context" id="dfn-default_context-1"><ins class="diff-new">
+default
+context
+</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+provided
+to
+ensure
+that
+there
+are
+a
+reasonable
+set
+of
+prefixes
+and
+terms
+available
+to
+all
+JSON-LD
+developers.
+Mappings
+specified
+by
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default_context" href="#dfn-default_context-1"><ins class="diff-new">
+default
+context
+</ins></a><em class="rfc2119" title="should not"><ins class="diff-new">
+should
+not
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+be
+overwritten
+by
+JSON-LD
+authors.
+All
+JSON-LD
+processors
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-new">
+must
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+load
+the
+following
+context
+in
+as
+the
+intial
+context
+before
+processing
+JSON-LD
+text.
+</ins></p><pre>{
+<ins class="diff-new">
+ "@context":
+ {
+ "@vocab": "",
+ "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
+ "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
+ "owl": "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#",
+ "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
+ "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/",
+ "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/",
+ "cal": "http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/ical#",
+ "vcard": "http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns# ",
+ "geo": "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#",
+ "cc": "http://creativecommons.org/ns#",
+ "sioc": "http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#",
+ "doap": "http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#",
+ "com": "http://purl.org/commerce#",
+ "ps": "http://purl.org/payswarm#",
+ "gr": "http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#",
+ "sig": "http://purl.org/signature#",
+ "ccard": "http://purl.org/commerce/creditcard#"
+ "@coerce":
+ {
+ "xsd:anyURI": ["rdf:type", "rdf:rest", "foaf:homepage", "foaf:member"],
+ "xsd:integer": "foaf:age"
+ }
+ }
+}
+</ins></pre></div><div class="appendix section" id="acknowledgements"><h2><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+B.
+</ins></span>
+Acknowledgements
+</h2>
+<p>
+The
+editor
+would
+like
+to
+thank
+Mark
+Birbeck,
+who
+provided
+a
+great
+deal
+of
+the
+rationale
+and
+reasoning
+behind
+the
+JSON-LD
+work
+via
+his
+work
+on
+RDFj,
+<ins class="diff-new">Dave
+Longley
+who
+reviewed,
+provided
+feedback,
+and
+performed
+several
+implementation
+on
+the
+specification,
+</ins>
+and
+Ian
+Davis,
+who
+created
+RDF/JSON.
+<ins class="diff-new">Thanks
+also
+to
+Nathan
+Rixham,
+Bradley
+P.
+Allen
+and
+Richard
+Cyganiak
+for
+their
+input
+on
+the
+specification.
+</ins>
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id="respec-err" style="position: fixed; width: 350px; top: 10px; right: 10px; border: 3px double #f00; background: #fff" class="removeOnSave">
+<ul>
+<li style="color: #c00">
+<ins class="diff-new">There
+appears
+to
+have
+been
+a
+problem
+fetching
+the
+style
+sheet;
+status=0
+</ins></li></ul></div>
+<div id="references" class="appendix section">
+<h2>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">B.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">C.
+</ins>
+</span>
+References
+</h2>
+<div id="normative-references" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">B.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">C.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+Normative
+references
+</h3>
+<dl class="bibliography">
+<dt id="bib-BCP47">
+<ins class="diff-new">[BCP47]
+</ins></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
+A.
+Phillips,
+M.
+Davis.
+</ins><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt"><cite><ins class="diff-new">
+Tags
+for
+Identifying
+Languages
+</ins></cite></a><ins class="diff-new">
+September
+2009.
+IETF
+Best
+Current
+Practice.
+URL:
+</ins><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt"><ins class="diff-new">
+http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt
+</ins></a></dd><dt id="bib-RDF-API"><ins class="diff-new">
+[RDF-API]
+</ins></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
+Manu
+Sporny,
+Benjamin
+Adrian,
+Nathan
+Rixham;
+et
+al.
+</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/2010/02/rdfa/sources/rdf-api/"><cite><ins class="diff-new">
+RDF
+API
+</ins></cite></a><ins class="diff-new">
+Latest.
+W3C
+Editor's
+Draft.
+URL:
+</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/2010/02/rdfa/sources/rdf-api/"><ins class="diff-new">
+http://www.w3.org/2010/02/rdfa/sources/rdf-api/
+</ins></a></dd><dt id="bib-RDF-CONCEPTS"><ins class="diff-new">
+[RDF-CONCEPTS]
+</ins></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
+Graham
+Klyne;
+Jeremy
+J.
+Carroll.
+</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210"><cite><ins class="diff-new">
+Resource
+Description
+Framework
+(RDF):
+Concepts
+and
+Abstract
+Syntax.
+</ins></cite></a><ins class="diff-new">
+10
+February
+2004.
+W3C
+Recommendation.
+URL:
+</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210"><ins class="diff-new">
+http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210
+</ins></a></dd><dt id="bib-RDF-INTERFACES"><ins class="diff-new">
+[RDF-INTERFACES]
+</ins></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
+Nathan
+Rixham,
+Manu
+Sporny,
+Benjamin
+Adrian;
+et
+al.
+</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/2010/02/rdfa/sources/rdf-interfaces/"><cite><ins class="diff-new">
+RDF
+Interfaces
+</ins></cite></a><ins class="diff-new">
+Latest.
+W3C
+Editor's
+Draft.
+URL:
+</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/2010/02/rdfa/sources/rdf-interfaces/"><ins class="diff-new">
+http://www.w3.org/2010/02/rdfa/sources/rdf-interfaces/
+</ins></a></dd><dt id="bib-RFC3987"><ins class="diff-new">
+[RFC3987]
+</ins></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
+M.
+D�rst;
+M.
+Suignard.
+</ins><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><cite><ins class="diff-new">
+Internationalized
+Resource
+Identifiers
+(IRIs).
+</ins></cite></a><ins class="diff-new">
+January
+2005.
+Internet
+RFC
+3987.
+URL:
+</ins><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><ins class="diff-new">
+http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt
+</ins></a></dd>
+<dt id="bib-RFC4627">
+[RFC4627]
+</dt>
+<dd>
+D.
+<del class="diff-old">Crockford
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Crockford.
+</ins>
+<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt">
+<cite>
+The
+application/json
+Media
+Type
+for
+JavaScript
+Object
+Notation
+(JSON)
+</cite>
+</a>
+July
+2006.
+Internet
+RFC
+4627.
+URL:
+<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt">
+http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt
+</a>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+<div id="informative-references" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">B.2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">C.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+Informative
+references
+</h3>
+<dl class="bibliography">
+<dt id="bib-MICRODATA">
+[MICRODATA]
+</dt>
+<dd>
+Ian
+Hickson;
+et
+al.
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/microdata/">
+<cite>
+Microdata
+</cite>
+</a>
+04
+March
+2010.
+W3C
+Working
+Draft.
+URL:
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/microdata/">
+http://www.w3.org/TR/microdata/
+</a>
+</dd>
+<dt id="bib-MICROFORMATS">
+[MICROFORMATS]
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<a href="http://microformats.org">
+<cite>
+Microformats
+</cite>
+</a>.
+URL:
+<a href="http://microformats.org">
+http://microformats.org
+</a>
+</dd>
+<dt id="bib-RDFA-CORE">
+[RDFA-CORE]
+</dt>
+<dd>
+Shane
+McCarron;
+et
+al.
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-rdfa-core-20110331">
+<cite>
+RDFa
+Core
+1.1:
+Syntax
+and
+processing
+rules
+for
+embedding
+RDF
+through
+attributes.
+</cite>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">22
+April
+2010.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">31
+March
+2011.
+</ins>
+W3C
+Working
+Draft.
+URL:
+<del class="diff-old">http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-rdfa-core-20100422
+</del>
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-rdfa-core-20110331">
+<ins class="diff-chg">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-rdfa-core-20110331
+</ins>
+</a>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
--- a/spec/ED/20110615/diff.html Wed Jun 15 10:20:24 2011 -0700
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
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-
-</style><link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/w3c-unofficial" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" charset="utf-8"><style type='text/css'>
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- font-size: smaller;
- color: red;
-}
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-.diff-new { background-color: yellow; }
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-.diff-new:after
- { content: "\2191" }
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- { content: "\2195" }
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-.diff-old:after
- { content: "\2193" }
-:focus { border: thin red solid}
-</style>
-</head>
-<body style="display: inherit; ">
-<div class="head">
-<p>
-</p>
-<h1 class="title" id="title">
-JSON-LD
--
-Linked
-Data
-Expression
-in
-JSON
-</h1>
-<h2 id="subtitle">
-A
-Context-based
-JSON
-Serialization
-for
-Linked
-Data
-</h2>
-<h2 id="unofficial-draft-15-june-2011">
-Unofficial
-Draft
-<del class="diff-old">30
-May
-2010
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">15
-June
-2011
-</ins>
-</h2>
-<dl>
-<dt>
-<del class="diff-old">Editor:
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Editors:
-</ins>
-</dt>
-<dd>
-<a href="http://digitalbazaar.com/">
-Manu
-Sporny
-</a>,
-<a href="http://digitalbazaar.com/">
-Digital
-Bazaar,
-Inc.
-</a>
-</dd>
-<dd>
-<a href="http://greggkellogg.net/">
-<ins class="diff-new">Gregg
-Kellogg
-</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
-Kellogg
-Associates
-</ins></dd>
-<dt>
-Authors:
-</dt>
-<dd>
-<a href="http://webbackplane.com/">
-Mark
-Birbeck
-</a>,
-<a href="http://webbackplane.com/">
-Backplane
-Ltd.
-</a>
-</dd>
-<dd>
-<a href="http://digitalbazaar.com/">
-Manu
-Sporny
-</a>,
-<a href="http://digitalbazaar.com/">
-Digital
-Bazaar,
-Inc.
-</a>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-<p class="copyright">
-This
-document
-is
-licensed
-under
-a
-<a class="subfoot" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/" rel="license">
-Creative
-Commons
-Attribution
-3.0
-License
-</a>.
-</p>
-<hr>
-</div>
-<div id="abstract" class="introductory section">
-<h2>
-Abstract
-</h2>
-<p>
-Developers
-that
-embed
-structured
-data
-in
-their
-Web
-pages
-can
-choose
-among
-a
-number
-of
-languages
-such
-as
-RDFa
-[
-<cite>
-<a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDFA-CORE">
-RDFA-CORE
-</a>
-</cite>
-],
-Microformats
-[
-<cite>
-<a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-MICROFORMATS">
-MICROFORMATS
-</a>
-</cite>
-]
-and
-Microdata
-[
-<cite>
-<a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-MICRODATA">
-MICRODATA
-</a>
-</cite>
-].
-Each
-of
-these
-structured
-data
-languages,
-while
-incompatible
-at
-the
-syntax
-level,
-can
-be
-easily
-mapped
-to
-RDF.
-JSON
-has
-proven
-to
-be
-a
-highly
-useful
-object
-serialization
-and
-messaging
-<del class="diff-old">replacement
-for
-SOAP.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">format.
-</ins>
-In
-an
-attempt
-to
-harmonize
-the
-representation
-of
-<del class="diff-old">Link
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Linked
-</ins>
-Data
-in
-JSON,
-this
-specification
-outlines
-a
-common
-JSON
-representation
-format
-for
-Linked
-Data
-that
-can
-be
-used
-to
-represent
-objects
-specified
-via
-RDFa,
-Microformats
-and
-Microdata.
-</p>
-</div>
-<div id="sotd" class="introductory section">
-<h2>
-Status
-of
-This
-Document
-</h2>
-<p>
-This
-document
-is
-merely
-a
-public
-working
-draft
-of
-a
-potential
-specification.
-It
-has
-no
-official
-standing
-of
-any
-kind
-and
-does
-not
-represent
-the
-support
-or
-consensus
-of
-any
-standards
-organisation.
-</p>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-chg">This
-document
-is
-an
-experimental
-work
-in
-progress.
-</ins></p>
-</div>
-<div id="toc" class="section">
-<h2 class="introductory">
-Table
-of
-Contents
-</h2>
-<ul class="toc">
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#introduction" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-1.
-</span>
-<ins class="diff-new">Introduction
-</ins></a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#how-to-read-this-document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
-1.1
-</ins></span>
-How
-to
-Read
-this
-Document
-</a>
-</li>
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#contributing" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">2.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">1.2
-</ins>
-</span>
-<del class="diff-old">Introduction
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Contributing
-</ins>
-</a>
-</li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#design-goals-and-rationale" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">3.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">2.
-</ins>
-</span>
-Design
-Goals
-<ins class="diff-new">and
-Rationale
-</ins>
-</a>
-<ul class="toc">
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#goals" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">2.1
-</ins>
-</span>
-<del class="diff-old">Design
-Rationale
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Goals
-</ins>
-</a>
-</li>
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#map-terms-to-iris" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.1
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">2.2
-</ins>
-</span>
-Map
-Terms
-to
-IRIs
-</a>
-</li>
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#the-json-ld-context" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.2
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">2.3
-</ins>
-</span>
-The
-<del class="diff-old">Default
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
-</ins>
-Context
-</a>
-</li>
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#unambiguous-identifiers-for-json" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<ins class="diff-new">2.4
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
-Unambiguous
-Identifiers
-for
-JSON
-</ins></a></li><li class="tocline">
-<a href="#mashing-up-vocabularies" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.3
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">2.5
-</ins>
-</span>
-Mashing
-Up
-Vocabularies
-</a>
-</li>
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#an-example-of-a-context" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.4
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">2.6
-</ins>
-</span>
-An
-Example
-of
-a
-<del class="diff-old">Default
-</del>
-Context
-</a>
-</li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#markup-examples" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.5
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">3.
-</ins>
-</span>
-Markup
-Examples
-</a>
-<ul class="toc">
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#rdfa" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.5.1
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">3.1
-</ins>
-</span>
-RDFa
-</a>
-</li>
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#microformats" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.5.2
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">3.2
-</ins>
-</span>
-Microformats
-</a>
-</li>
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#microdata" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.5.3
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">3.3
-</ins>
-</span>
-Microdata
-</a>
-</li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#markup-of-rdf-concepts" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">5.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">4.
-</ins>
-</span>
-Markup
-of
-RDF
-Concepts
-</a>
-<ul class="toc">
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#iris" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">5.1
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">4.1
-</ins>
-</span>
-IRIs
-</a>
-</li>
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#identifying-the-subject" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">5.2
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">4.2
-</ins>
-</span>
-Identifying
-the
-Subject
-</a>
-</li>
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#specifying-the-type" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">5.3
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">4.3
-</ins>
-</span>
-Specifying
-the
-Type
-</a>
-</li>
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#plain-literals" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">5.4
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">4.4
-</ins>
-</span>
-Plain
-Literals
-</a>
-</li>
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#language-specification-in-plain-literals" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">5.5
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">4.5
-</ins>
-</span>
-Language
-Specification
-in
-Plain
-Literals
-</a>
-</li>
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#typed-literals" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">5.6
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">4.6
-</ins>
-</span>
-Typed
-Literals
-</a>
-</li>
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#multiple-objects-for-a-single-property" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">5.7
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">4.7
-</ins>
-</span>
-Multiple
-Objects
-for
-a
-Single
-Property
-</a>
-</li>
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#multiple-typed-literals-for-a-single-property" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">5.8
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">4.8
-</ins>
-</span>
-Multiple
-Typed
-Literals
-for
-a
-Single
-Property
-</a>
-</li>
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#blank-nodes" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">5.9
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">4.9
-</ins>
-</span>
-Blank
-Nodes
-</a>
-</li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#advanced-features" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">5.10
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">5.
-</ins>
-</span>
-<del class="diff-old">Escape
-Character
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Advanced
-Features
-</ins>
-</a>
-<ul class="toc">
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#automatic-typing" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">5.11
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">5.1
-</ins>
-</span>
-Automatic
-Typing
-</a>
-</li>
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#type-coercion" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<ins class="diff-new">5.2
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
-Type
-Coercion
-</ins></a></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#the-json-ld-processing-algorithm" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<ins class="diff-chg">6.
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-The
-JSON-LD
-Processing
-Algorithm
-</ins></a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#overview" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-6.1
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-Overview
-</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#processing-algorithm-terms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-6.2
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-Processing
-Algorithm
-Terms
-</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#processing-tokens-and-keywords" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-6.3
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-Processing
-Tokens
-and
-Keywords
-</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#context" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-6.4
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-Context
-</ins></a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#coerce" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-6.4.1
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-Coerce
-</ins></a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#chaining" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-6.5
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-Chaining
-</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#iri-processing" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-6.6
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-IRI
-Processing
-</ins></a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sequence" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-7.
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-Sequence
-</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#best-practices" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-8.
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-Best
-Practices
-</ins></a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#javascript" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-8.1
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-JavaScript
-</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#schema-less-databases" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-8.2
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-Schema-less
-Databases
-</ins></a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#advanced-concepts" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-9.
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-Advanced
-Concepts
-</ins></a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#vocabulary-profiles" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-9.1
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-Vocabulary
-Profiles
-</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#disjoint-graphs" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-9.2
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-Disjoint
-Graphs
-</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#the-json-ld-api" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-9.3
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-The
-JSON-LD
-API
-</ins></a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#methods" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-9.3.1
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-Methods
-</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#methods-1" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-9.3.2
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-Methods
-</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#methods-2" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-9.3.3
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-Methods
-</ins></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#the-default-context" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-A.
-</span>
-<ins class="diff-new">The
-Default
-Context
-</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
-B.
-</ins></span>
-Acknowledgements
-</a>
-</li>
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#references" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">B.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">C.
-</ins>
-</span>
-References
-</a>
-<ul class="toc">
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">B.1
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">C.1
-</ins>
-</span>
-Normative
-references
-</a>
-</li>
-<li class="tocline">
-<a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref">
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">B.2
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">C.2
-</ins>
-</span>
-Informative
-references
-</a>
-</li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-<div id="introduction" class="section">
-<h2>
-<span class="secno">
-1.
-</span>
-<ins class="diff-new">Introduction
-</ins></h2><p><ins class="diff-new">
-JSON-LD
-is
-designed
-as
-a
-light-weight
-syntax
-that
-can
-be
-used
-to
-express
-Linked
-Data.
-It
-is
-primarily
-intended
-to
-be
-a
-way
-to
-express
-Linked
-Data
-in
-Javascript
-and
-other
-Web-based
-programming
-environments.
-It
-is
-also
-useful
-when
-building
-interoperable
-Web
-Services
-and
-when
-storing
-Linked
-Data
-in
-JSON-based
-document
-storage
-engines.
-It
-is
-practical
-and
-designed
-to
-be
-as
-simple
-as
-possible,
-utilizing
-the
-large
-number
-of
-JSON
-parsers
-and
-existing
-code
-that
-is
-in
-use
-today.
-It
-is
-designed
-to
-be
-able
-to
-express
-key-value
-pairs,
-RDF
-data,
-Microformats
-data,
-and
-Microdata.
-That
-is,
-it
-supports
-every
-major
-Web-based
-structured
-data
-model
-in
-use
-today.
-It
-does
-not
-require
-anyone
-to
-change
-their
-JSON,
-but
-easily
-add
-meaning
-by
-adding
-context
-in
-a
-way
-that
-is
-out-of-band.
-The
-syntax
-is
-designed
-to
-not
-disturb
-already
-deployed
-systems
-running
-on
-JSON,
-but
-provide
-a
-smooth
-migration
-path
-from
-JSON
-to
-JSON
-with
-added
-semantics.
-Finally,
-the
-format
-is
-intended
-to
-be
-fast
-to
-parse,
-fast
-to
-generate,
-stream-based
-and
-document-based
-processing
-compatible,
-and
-require
-a
-very
-small
-memory
-footprint
-in
-order
-to
-operate.
-</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-new">
-JSON,
-as
-specified
-in
-[
-</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC4627"><ins class="diff-new">
-RFC4627
-</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-new">
-],
-is
-a
-simple
-language
-for
-representing
-objects
-on
-the
-web.
-Linked
-Data
-is
-a
-way
-of
-describing
-content
-across
-different
-documents,
-or
-web
-resources.
-Web
-resources
-are
-described
-using
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="IRI" href="#dfn-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
-IRI
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-s,
-and
-typically
-are
-dereferencable
-entities
-that
-may
-be
-used
-to
-find
-more
-information,
-creating
-a
-"web
-of
-knowledge".
-JSON-LD
-is
-intended
-to
-be
-a
-simple
-publishing
-method
-for
-expressing
-linked
-data
-in
-JSON.
-</ins></p><div id="how-to-read-this-document" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
-1.1
-</ins></span>
-How
-to
-Read
-this
-Document
-</h3>
-<p>
-This
-document
-is
-a
-detailed
-specification
-for
-a
-serialization
-of
-JSON
-for
-Linked
-data.
-The
-document
-is
-primarily
-intended
-for
-the
-following
-audiences:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<del class="diff-old">Developers
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Web
-developers
-that
-want
-to
-understand
-the
-design
-decisions
-and
-language
-syntax
-for
-JSON-LD.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-Software
-developers
-</ins>
-that
-want
-to
-encode
-Microformats,
-RDFa,
-or
-Microdata
-in
-a
-way
-that
-is
-cross-language
-compatible
-via
-JSON.
-</li>
-<li>
-<del class="diff-old">Developers
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Software
-developers
-</ins>
-that
-want
-to
-<del class="diff-old">understand
-the
-encoding
-possibilities.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">write
-processors
-for
-JSON-LD.
-</ins>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<p>
-To
-understand
-this
-specification
-you
-must
-first
-be
-familiar
-with
-JSON,
-which
-is
-detailed
-in
-[
-<cite>
-<a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC4627">
-RFC4627
-</a>
-</cite>
-<ins class="diff-new">]
-and
-RDF
-as
-described
-in
-[
-</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-CONCEPTS"><ins class="diff-new">
-RDF-CONCEPTS
-</ins></a></cite>
-].
-</p>
-</div>
-<div id="contributing" class="section">
-<h3>
-<span class="secno">
-<ins class="diff-chg">1.2
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-Contributing
-</ins></h3>
-<p>
-<del class="diff-old">This
-document
-is
-an
-experimental
-work
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">There
-are
-a
-number
-of
-ways
-that
-one
-may
-participate
-</ins>
-in
-<del class="diff-old">progress.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">the
-development
-of
-this
-specification:
-</ins>
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<ins class="diff-new">All
-comments
-and
-discussion
-takes
-place
-on
-the
-public
-mailing
-list:
-</ins><a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-linked-json/"><ins class="diff-new">
-public-linked-json@w3.org
-</ins></a></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
-Specification
-bugs
-and
-issues
-should
-be
-reported
-in
-the
-</ins><a href="https://github.com/json-ld/json-ld.org/issues"><ins class="diff-new">
-issue
-tracker
-</ins></a>.</li><li><a href="https://github.com/json-ld/json-ld.org/tree/master/spec"><ins class="diff-new">
-Source
-code
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-for
-the
-specification
-can
-be
-found
-on
-Github.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
-The
-</ins><a href="http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=#json-ld"><ins class="diff-new">
-#json-ld
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-IRC
-channel
-is
-available
-for
-real-time
-discussion
-on
-irc.freenode.net.
-</ins></li></ul>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div id="design-goals-and-rationale" class="section">
-<h2>
-<span class="secno">
-2.
-</span>
-<del class="diff-old">Introduction
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Design
-Goals
-and
-Rationale
-</ins>
-</h2>
-<del class="diff-old">Need
-to
-write
-introduction...
-</del>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-chg">The
-following
-section
-outlines
-the
-design
-goals
-and
-rationale
-behind
-the
-JSON-LD
-markup
-language.
-</ins>
-</p>
-<div id="goals" class="section">
-<h3>
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">3.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">2.1
-</ins>
-</span>
-<del class="diff-old">Design
-</del>
-Goals
-</h3>
-<p>
-A
-number
-of
-design
-considerations
-were
-explored
-during
-the
-creation
-of
-this
-markup
-language:
-</p>
-<dl>
-<dt>
-Simplicity
-</dt>
-<dd>
-Developers
-don't
-need
-to
-know
-RDF
-in
-order
-to
-use
-the
-basic
-functionality
-provided
-by
-JSON-LD.
-</dd>
-<dt>
-Compatibility
-</dt>
-<dd>
-The
-JSON-LD
-markup
-should
-be
-100%
-compatible
-with
-JSON.
-</dd>
-<dt>
-Expressiveness
-</dt>
-<dd>
-All
-major
-RDF
-concepts
-must
-be
-expressible
-via
-the
-JSON-LD
-syntax.
-</dd>
-<dt>
-Terseness
-</dt>
-<dd>
-The
-JSON-LD
-syntax
-must
-be
-very
-terse
-and
-human
-readable.
-</dd>
-<del class="diff-old">4.
-Design
-Rationale
-The
-following
-section
-outlines
-the
-rationale
-behind
-</del>
-<dt>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Zero
-Edits,
-most
-of
-</ins>
-the
-<ins class="diff-new">time
-</ins></dt><dd>
-JSON-LD
-<del class="diff-old">markup
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">provides
-a
-mechanism
-that
-allows
-developers
-to
-specify
-context
-in
-a
-way
-that
-is
-out-of-band.
-This
-allows
-organizations
-that
-have
-already
-deployed
-large
-JSON-based
-infrastructure
-to
-add
-meaning
-to
-their
-JSON
-in
-a
-way
-that
-is
-not
-disruptive
-to
-their
-day-to-day
-operations
-and
-is
-transparent
-to
-their
-current
-customers.
-At
-times,
-mapping
-JSON
-to
-RDF
-can
-become
-difficult
--
-in
-these
-instances,
-rather
-than
-having
-JSON-LD
-support
-esoteric
-markup,
-we
-chose
-not
-to
-support
-the
-use
-case
-and
-support
-a
-simplified
-syntax
-instead.
-So,
-while
-we
-strive
-for
-Zero
-Edits,
-it
-was
-not
-always
-possible
-without
-adding
-great
-complexity
-to
-the
-</ins>
-language.
-</dd>
-<dt>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Streaming
-</ins></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
-The
-format
-supports
-both
-document-based
-and
-stream-based
-processing.
-</ins></dd></dl></div>
-<div id="map-terms-to-iris" class="section">
-<h3>
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.1
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">2.2
-</ins>
-</span>
-Map
-Terms
-to
-IRIs
-</h3>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-new">An
-Internationalized
-Resource
-Identifier
-(
-</ins><dfn title="IRI" id="dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
-IRI
-</ins></abbr></dfn><ins class="diff-new">
-)
-as
-described
-in
-[
-</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3987"><ins class="diff-new">
-RFC3987
-</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-new">
-],
-is
-a
-mechanism
-for
-representing
-unique
-identifiers
-on
-the
-web.
-In
-Linked
-Data,
-IRIs
-(or
-URI
-references)
-are
-commonly
-used
-for
-describing
-entities
-and
-properties.
-</ins></p><p>
-Establishing
-a
-mechanism
-to
-map
-JSON
-values
-to
-IRIs
-will
-help
-in
-the
-mapping
-of
-JSON
-objects
-to
-RDF.
-This
-does
-not
-mean
-that
-JSON-LD
-must
-be
-restrictive
-in
-declaring
-a
-set
-of
-terms,
-rather,
-experimentation
-and
-innovation
-should
-be
-supported
-as
-part
-of
-the
-core
-design
-of
-JSON-LD.
-There
-are,
-however,
-a
-number
-of
-very
-small
-design
-<del class="diff-old">criterial
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">criteria
-</ins>
-that
-can
-ensure
-that
-developers
-will
-generate
-good
-RDF
-data
-that
-will
-create
-value
-for
-the
-greater
-semantic
-web
-community
-and
-JSON/REST-based
-Web
-Services
-community.
-</p>
-<p>
-We
-will
-be
-using
-the
-following
-JSON
-object
-as
-the
-example
-for
-this
-section:
-</p>
-<del class="diff-old">{"a" : "Person",
- "name" : "Manu Sporny",
-"homepage"
-:
-"http://manu.sporny.org/"}
-</del>
-<pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-chg"> "a": "Person",
- "name": "Manu Sporny",
- "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
- "avatar": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"
-}
-</ins>
-</pre>
-</div>
-<div id="the-json-ld-context" class="section">
-<h3>
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.2
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">2.3
-</ins>
-</span>
-The
-<del class="diff-old">Default
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
-</ins>
-Context
-</h3>
-<p>
-A
-<del class="diff-old">default
-</del>
-context
-is
-used
-<del class="diff-old">in
-RDFa
-</del>
-to
-allow
-developers
-to
-use
-<del class="diff-old">keywords
-as
-</del>
-aliases
-for
-<del class="diff-old">IRIs.
-So,
-for
-instance,
-the
-keyword
-name
-above
-could
-refer
-to
-the
-</del>
-<a class="tref internalDFN" title="IRI" href="#dfn-iri">
-IRI
-<del class="diff-old">http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name
-.
-</del>
-</a>
-<ins class="diff-chg">s.
-</ins>
-The
-semantic
-web,
-just
-like
-the
-document-based
-web,
-uses
-IRIs
-for
-unambiguous
-identification.
-The
-idea
-is
-that
-these
-terms
-mean
-something,
-which
-you
-will
-eventually
-want
-to
-query.
-<ins class="diff-new">A
-context
-allows
-the
-expression
-of
-a
-number
-of
-terms
-which
-map
-directly
-to
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="IRI" href="#dfn-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
-IRI
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-s.
-For
-example,
-the
-term
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-name
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
-may
-map
-directly
-to
-the
-IRI
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name
-</ins></code>.<ins class="diff-new">
-This
-allows
-JSON-LD
-documents
-to
-be
-constructed
-using
-common
-JSON
-syntax
-of
-using
-simple
-name/value
-pairs.
-</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-new">
-To
-reduce
-the
-number
-of
-different
-terms
-that
-must
-be
-defined,
-JSON-LD
-also
-allows
-terms
-to
-be
-used
-to
-expand
-Compact
-URIs
-(
-</ins><abbr title="Compact URI"><ins class="diff-new">
-CURIE
-</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
-).
-</ins>
-The
-semantic
-web
-specifies
-this
-via
-<em>
-Vocabulary
-Documents
-<del class="diff-old">.
-The
-</del>
-</em>,
-<ins class="diff-chg">in
-which
-a
-prefix
-is
-associated
-with
-a
-document,
-and
-a
-suffix
-is
-used
-to
-create
-an
-IRI
-based
-on
-this
-vocabulary.
-For
-example,
-the
-</ins>
-IRI
-<em>
-http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
-</em>
-specifies
-a
-Vocabulary
-Document,
-and
-<strong>
-name
-</strong>
-is
-a
-term
-in
-that
-vocabulary.
-<del class="diff-old">Paste
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Join
-</ins>
-the
-two
-items
-together
-and
-you
-have
-an
-unambiguous
-identifier
-for
-a
-<ins class="diff-new">vocabulary
-</ins>
-term.
-<ins class="diff-new">The
-Compact
-URI
-Expression,
-or
-short-form,
-is
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-foaf:name
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
-and
-the
-expanded-form
-is
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name
-</ins></code>.<ins class="diff-new">
-This
-vocabulary
-term
-identifies
-the
-given
-name
-for
-something,
-for
-example
--
-a
-person's
-name.
-</ins>
-</p>
-<p>
-Developers,
-and
-machines,
-would
-be
-able
-to
-use
-this
-IRI
-(plugging
-it
-directly
-into
-a
-web
-browser,
-for
-instance)
-to
-go
-to
-the
-term
-and
-get
-a
-definition
-of
-what
-the
-term
-means.
-Much
-like
-we
-can
-use
-WordNet
-today
-to
-see
-the
-<a href="http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=definition">
-definition
-</a>
-of
-words
-in
-the
-English
-language.
-Machines
-need
-the
-same
-sort
-of
-dictionary
-of
-terms,
-and
-URIs
-provide
-a
-way
-to
-ensure
-that
-these
-terms
-are
-unambiguous.
-</p>
-<p>
-<del class="diff-old">Non-prefixed
-terms
-should
-have
-term
-mappings
-declared
-in
-the
-default
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">The
-</ins>
-context
-<del class="diff-old">so
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">provides
-a
-collection
-of
-vocabulary
-terms
-</ins>
-that
-<del class="diff-old">they
-may
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">can
-</ins>
-be
-<del class="diff-old">expanded
-later.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">used
-for
-a
-JSON
-object.
-</ins>
-</p>
-</div>
-<div id="unambiguous-identifiers-for-json" class="section">
-<h3>
-<span class="secno">
-<ins class="diff-new">2.4
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
-Unambiguous
-Identifiers
-for
-JSON
-</ins></h3>
-<p>
-If
-a
-set
-of
-terms,
-like
-<strong>
-Person
-</strong>,
-<strong>
-name
-</strong>,
-and
-<strong>
-homepage
-</strong>,
-are
-<del class="diff-old">pre-defined
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">defined
-</ins>
-in
-<del class="diff-old">the
-default
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">a
-</ins>
-context,
-and
-that
-context
-is
-used
-to
-resolve
-the
-names
-in
-JSON
-objects,
-machines
-could
-automatically
-expand
-the
-terms
-to
-something
-meaningful
-and
-unambiguous,
-like
-this:
-</p>
-<del class="diff-old">",
- "" : "Manu Sporny",
-"
-http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage
-"
-:
-"
-<
-http://manu.sporny.org
->
-"}
-</del>
-<pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-chg"> "<span class="diff">http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type</span>": "<span class="diff">http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person</span>",
- "<span class="diff">http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name</span>": "Manu Sporny",
- "<span class="diff">http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage</span>": "http://manu.sporny.org"
- "<span class="diff">http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#avatar</span>": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"
-}
-</ins>
-</pre>
-<del class="diff-old">In
-order
-to
-differentiate
-between
-plain
-text
-and
-IRIs,
-the
-<
-and
->
-are
-used
-around
-IRIs.
-</del>
-<p>
-Doing
-this
-would
-mean
-that
-JSON
-would
-start
-to
-become
-unambiguously
-machine-readable,
-play
-well
-with
-the
-semantic
-web,
-and
-basic
-markup
-wouldn't
-be
-that
-much
-more
-complex
-than
-basic
-JSON
-markup.
-A
-win,
-all
-around.
-</p>
-</div>
-<div id="mashing-up-vocabularies" class="section">
-<h3>
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.3
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">2.5
-</ins>
-</span>
-Mashing
-Up
-Vocabularies
-</h3>
-<p>
-Developers
-would
-also
-benefit
-by
-allowing
-other
-vocabularies
-to
-be
-used
-automatically
-with
-their
-JSON
-API.
-There
-are
-over
-200
-Vocabulary
-Documents
-that
-are
-available
-for
-use
-on
-the
-Web
-today.
-Some
-of
-these
-vocabularies
-are:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<ins class="diff-new">RDF
--
-for
-describing
-information
-about
-objects
-on
-the
-semantic
-web.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
-RDFS
--
-for
-expressing
-things
-like
-labels
-and
-comments.
-</ins></li><li>
-XSD
--
-for
-specifying
-basic
-types
-like
-strings,
-integers,
-dates
-and
-times.
-</li>
-<li>
-Dublin
-Core
--
-for
-describing
-creative
-works.
-</li>
-<li>
-FOAF
--
-for
-describing
-social
-networks.
-</li>
-<li>
-Calendar
--
-for
-specifying
-events.
-</li>
-<li>
-SIOC
--
-for
-describing
-discussions
-on
-blogs
-and
-websites.
-</li>
-<li>
-CCrel
--
-for
-describing
-Creative
-Commons
-and
-other
-types
-of
-licenses.
-</li>
-<li>
-GEO
--
-for
-describing
-geographic
-location.
-</li>
-<li>
-VCard
--
-for
-describing
-organizations
-and
-people.
-</li>
-<li>
-DOAP
--
-for
-describing
-projects.
-</li>
-</ul>
-<p>
-<del class="diff-old">A
-JSON-LD
-Web
-Service
-could
-define
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Since
-</ins>
-these
-<del class="diff-old">as
-prefix
-es
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">vocabularies
-are
-very
-popular,
-they
-are
-pre-defined
-</ins>
-in
-<del class="diff-old">their
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">something
-called
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default_context" href="#dfn-default_context-1">
-default
-context
-<del class="diff-old">beside
-the
-terms
-</del>
-</a>,
-<ins class="diff-chg">which
-is
-a
-set
-of
-vocabulary
-prefixes
-</ins>
-that
-are
-<del class="diff-old">already
-defined.
-Using
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">pre-loaded
-in
-all
-JSON-LD
-processors.
-The
-contents
-of
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default_context" href="#dfn-default_context-1"><ins class="diff-chg">
-default
-context
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-are
-provided
-later
-in
-</ins>
-this
-<del class="diff-old">feature,
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">document.
-Using
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default_context" href="#dfn-default_context-1"><ins class="diff-chg">
-default
-context
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-allows
-</ins>
-developers
-<del class="diff-old">could
-also
-do
-markup
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">to
-express
-data
-unambiguously,
-</ins>
-like
-<del class="diff-old">this:
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">so:
-</ins>
-</p>
-<del class="diff-old">",
- "" : "Manu Sporny",
- ",
-"sioc:avatar"
-:
-"<http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny>"
-</del>
-<pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-chg"> "<span class="diff">rdf:type</span>": "<span class="diff">foaf:Person</span>",
- "<span class="diff">foaf:name</span>": "Manu Sporny",
- "<span class="diff">foaf:homepage</span>": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
- "<span class="diff">sioc:avatar</span>": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"
-</ins>
-}
-</pre>
-<p>
-Developers
-<del class="diff-old">could
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">can
-</ins>
-also
-<del class="diff-old">be
-allowed
-to
-</del>
-specify
-their
-own
-Vocabulary
-documents
-by
-modifying
-the
-<del class="diff-old">default
-context,
-</del>
-<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context">
-<ins class="diff-chg">active
-context
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-in-line
-using
-the
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@context
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-keyword,
-</ins>
-like
-so:
-</p>
-<del class="diff-old">{"a" : "Context",
- "myvocab" : "http://example.org/myvocab#"}
- },
- {"a" : "foaf:Person",
- "foaf:name" : "Manu Sporny",
- "foaf:homepage" : "<http://manu.sporny.org/>",
- "sioc:avatar" : "<http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny>",
- "myvocab:credits" : 500}
-]
-</del>
-<pre class="example">{
- <span class="diff">"@context": { "myvocab": "http://example.org/myvocab#" }</span>,
-<ins class="diff-chg"> "a": "foaf:Person",
- "foaf:name": "Manu Sporny",
- "foaf:homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
- "sioc:avatar": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"<span class="diff">,
- "myvocab:personality": "friendly"</span>
-}
-</ins>
-</pre>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-new">The
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-@context
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
-keyword
-is
-used
-to
-change
-how
-the
-JSON-LD
-processor
-evaluates
-key-value
-pairs.
-In
-this
-case,
-it
-was
-used
-to
-map
-one
-string
-('myvocab')
-to
-another
-string,
-which
-is
-interpreted
-as
-a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="IRI" href="#dfn-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
-IRI
-</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
-In
-the
-example
-above,
-the
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-myvocab
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
-string
-is
-replaced
-with
-"
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-http://example.org/myvocab#
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
-"
-when
-it
-is
-detected.
-In
-the
-example
-above,
-"
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-myvocab:personality
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
-"
-would
-expand
-to
-"
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-http://example.org/myvocab#personality
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
-".
-</ins></p><p>
-This
-mechanism
-is
-a
-short-hand
-for
-RDF,
-<ins class="diff-new">called
-a
-CURIE,
-</ins>
-and
-<del class="diff-old">if
-defined,
-will
-give
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">provides
-</ins>
-developers
-an
-unambiguous
-way
-to
-map
-any
-JSON
-value
-to
-RDF.
-</p>
-<p>
-</p>
-</div>
-<div id="an-example-of-a-context" class="section">
-<h3>
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.4
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">2.6
-</ins>
-</span>
-An
-Example
-of
-a
-<del class="diff-old">Default
-</del>
-Context
-</h3>
-<p>
-<del class="diff-old">To
-be
-clear,
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
-strives
-to
-ensure
-that
-developers
-don't
-have
-to
-change
-</ins>
-the
-<ins class="diff-new">JSON
-that
-is
-going
-into
-and
-being
-returned
-from
-their
-Web
-applications.
-A
-</ins>
-JSON-LD
-aware
-Web
-Service
-<del class="diff-old">could
-</del>
-<em class="rfc2119" title="may">
-<ins class="diff-chg">may
-</ins></em>
-define
-a
-<ins class="diff-new">known
-context.
-For
-example,
-the
-following
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default_context" href="#dfn-default_context-1">
-default
-context
-<del class="diff-old">like
-the
-following:
-</del>
-</a>
-<ins class="diff-chg">could
-apply
-to
-all
-incoming
-Web
-Service
-calls
-previously
-accepting
-only
-JSON
-data:
-</ins>
-</p>
-<del class="diff-old">{"a" : "Context",
- "__vocab__" : "http://example.org/default-vocab#",
- "xsd" : "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
- "dc" : "http://purl.org/dc/terms/",
- "foaf" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/",
- "sioc" : "http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#",
- "cc" : "http://creativecommons.org/ns#",
- "geo" : "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#",
- "vcard" : "http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#",
- "cal" : "http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/ical#",
- "doap" : "http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#",
- "Person" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person",
- "name" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
- "homepage" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage"
-</del>
-<pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-chg"> "@context":
- {
- "@vocab": "http://example.org/default-vocab#",
- "@base": "http://example.org/baseurl/",
- "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
- "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/",
- "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/",
- "sioc": "http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#",
- "cc": "http://creativecommons.org/ns#",
- "geo": "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#",
- "vcard": "http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#",
- "cal": "http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/ical#",
- "doap": "http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#",
- "Person": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person",
- "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
- "homepage": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage"
- "@coerce":
- {
- "xsd:anyURI": ["rdf:type", "rdf:rest", "foaf:homepage", "foaf:member"],
- "xsd:integer": "foaf:age"
- }
- }
-</ins>
-}
-</pre>
-<p>
-The
-<del class="diff-old">__vocab__
-prefix
-</del>
-<code>
-<ins class="diff-chg">@vocab
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-string
-</ins>
-is
-a
-special
-<del class="diff-old">prefix
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">keyword
-</ins>
-that
-states
-that
-any
-term
-that
-doesn't
-resolve
-to
-a
-term
-or
-a
-prefix
-should
-be
-appended
-to
-the
-<del class="diff-old">__vocab__
-</del>
-<code>
-<ins class="diff-chg">@vocab
-</ins></code>
-IRI.
-This
-is
-done
-to
-ensure
-that
-terms
-can
-be
-transformed
-to
-an
-IRI
-at
-all
-times.
-</p>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-new">The
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-@base
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
-string
-is
-a
-special
-keyword
-that
-states
-that
-any
-relative
-IRI
-</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-new">
-must
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
-be
-appended
-to
-the
-string
-specified
-by
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-@base
-</ins></code>.</p><p><ins class="diff-new">
-The
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-@coerce
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
-keyword
-is
-used
-to
-specify
-type
-coercion
-rules
-for
-the
-data.
-For
-each
-key
-in
-the
-map,
-the
-key
-is
-the
-type
-to
-be
-coerced
-to
-and
-the
-value
-is
-the
-vocabulary
-term
-to
-be
-coerced.
-Type
-coercion
-for
-the
-key
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-xsd:anyURI
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
-asserts
-that
-all
-vocabulary
-terms
-listed
-should
-undergo
-coercion
-to
-an
-IRI,
-including
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-@base
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
-processing
-for
-relative
-IRIs
-and
-CURIE
-processing
-for
-compact
-URI
-Expressions
-such
-as
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-foaf:homepage
-</ins></code>.</p></div>
-</div>
-<div id="markup-examples" class="section">
-<h2>
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.5
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">3.
-</ins>
-</span>
-Markup
-Examples
-<del class="diff-old">Write
-some
-introductory
-stuff
-about
-the
-Markup
-Examples.
-</del>
-</h2>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-chg">The
-JSON-LD
-markup
-examples
-below
-demonstrate
-how
-JSON-LD
-can
-be
-used
-to
-express
-semantic
-data
-marked
-up
-in
-other
-languages
-such
-as
-RDFa,
-Microformats,
-and
-Microdata.
-These
-sections
-are
-merely
-provided
-as
-proof
-that
-JSON-LD
-is
-very
-flexible
-in
-what
-it
-can
-express
-across
-different
-Linked
-Data
-approaches.
-</ins>
-</p>
-<div id="rdfa" class="section">
-<h3>
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.5.1
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">3.1
-</ins>
-</span>
-RDFa
-<del class="diff-old">>
- <ul>
- <li >
- <a >Bob</a>
- </li>
- <li >
- <a >Eve</a>
- </li>
- <li >
- <a >Manu</a>
- </li>
- </ul>
-</del>
-</h3>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-chg">The
-following
-example
-describes
-three
-people
-with
-their
-respective
-names
-and
-homepages.
-</ins></p><pre class="example"><div <span class="diff">prefix="foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"</span>>
-<ins class="diff-chg">
- <ul>
- <li <span class="diff">typeof="foaf:Person"</span>>
- <a <span class="diff">rel="foaf:homepage" href="http://example.com/bob/" property="foaf:name" </span>>Bob</a>
- </li>
- <li <span class="diff">typeof="foaf:Person"</span>>
- <a <span class="diff">rel="foaf:homepage" href="http://example.com/eve/" property="foaf:name" </span>>Eve</a>
- </li>
- <li <span class="diff">typeof="foaf:Person"</span>>
- <a <span class="diff">rel="foaf:homepage" href="http://example.com/manu/" property="foaf:name" </span>>Manu</a>
- </li>
- </ul>
-</ins>
-</div>
-</pre>
-<p>
-<del class="diff-old">Representation:
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">An
-example
-JSON-LD
-implementation
-is
-described
-below,
-however,
-there
-are
-other
-ways
-to
-mark-up
-this
-information
-such
-that
-the
-context
-is
-not
-repeated.
-</ins>
-</p>
-<del class="diff-old">{{
- "a" : "Context",
- "foaf" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"
- },
- {
- "@" : "_:bnode1",
- "a" : "foaf:Person",
- "foaf:homepage" : "<http://example.com/bob/>",
- "foaf:name" : "Bob"
- },
- {
- "@" : "_:bnode2",
- "a" : "foaf:Person",
- "foaf:homepage" : "<http://example.com/eve/>",
- "foaf:name" : "Eve"
- },
- {
- "@" : "_:bnode2",
- "a" : "foaf:Person",
- "foaf:homepage" : "<http://example.com/manu/>",
- "foaf:name" : "Manu"
- }
-}
-</del>
-<pre class="example">[
-<ins class="diff-chg"> {
- "@": "_:bnode1",
- "a": "foaf:Person",
- "foaf:homepage": "http://example.com/bob/",
- "foaf:name": "Bob"
- },
- {
- "@": "_:bnode2",
- "a": "foaf:Person",
- "foaf:homepage": "http://example.com/eve/",
- "foaf:name": "Eve"
- },
- {
- "@": "_:bnode3",
- "a": "foaf:Person",
- "foaf:homepage": "http://example.com/manu/",
- "foaf:name": "Manu"
- }
-]
-</ins>
-</pre>
-</div>
-<div id="microformats" class="section">
-<h3>
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.5.2
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">3.2
-</ins>
-</span>
-Microformats
-<del class="diff-old"><div class="vcard">
- <a class="url fn" href="http://tantek.com/">Tantek Çelik</a>
-</del>
-</h3>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-chg">The
-following
-example
-uses
-a
-simple
-Microformats
-hCard
-example
-to
-express
-how
-the
-Microformat
-is
-represented
-in
-JSON-LD.
-</ins></p><pre class="example"><div class="vcard">
-<ins class="diff-chg">
- <a class="url fn" href="http://tantek.com/">Tantek �elik</a>
-</ins>
-</div>
-</pre>
-<p>
-<del class="diff-old">Representation:
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">The
-representation
-of
-the
-hCard
-expresses
-the
-Microformat
-terms
-in
-the
-context
-and
-uses
-them
-directly
-for
-the
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-url
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-and
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-fn
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-properties.
-Also
-note
-that
-the
-Microformat
-to
-JSON-LD
-processor
-has
-generated
-the
-proper
-URL
-type
-for
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-http://tantek.com
-</ins></code>.
-</p>
-<del class="diff-old">{{
- "a" : "Context",
- "vcard" : "http://microformats.org/profile/hcard#vcard"
- "url" : "http://microformats.org/profile/hcard#url"
- "fn" : "http://microformats.org/profile/hcard#fn"
- },
- {
- "@" : "_:bnode1",
- "a" : "vcard",
- "url" : "<http://tantek.com/>",
- "fn" : "Tantek Çelik"
- }
-</del>
-<pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-chg"> "@context":
- {
- "vcard": "http://microformats.org/profile/hcard#vcard",
- "url": "http://microformats.org/profile/hcard#url",
- "fn": "http://microformats.org/profile/hcard#fn",
- "@coerce": { "xsd:anyURI": "url" }
- },
- "@": "_:bnode1",
- "a": "vcard",
- "url": "http://tantek.com/",
- "fn": "Tantek �elik"
-</ins>
-}
-</pre>
-</div>
-<div id="microdata" class="section">
-<h3>
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">4.5.3
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">3.3
-</ins>
-</span>
-Microdata
-<del class="diff-old"><dl itemscope
- itemtype="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Work"
- itemid="http://purl.oreilly.com/works/45U8QJGZSQKDH8N">
- <dt>Title</dt>
- <dd><cite itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title">Just a Geek</cite></dd>
- <dt>By</dt>
- <dd><span itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator">Wil Wheaton</span></dd>
- <dt>Format</dt>
- <dd itemprop="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#realization"
- itemscope
- itemtype="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Expression"
- itemid="http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596007683.BOOK">
- <link itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/type" href="http://purl.oreilly.com/product-types/BOOK">
- Print
- </dd>
- <dd itemprop="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#realization"
- itemscope
- itemtype="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Expression"
- itemid="http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596802189.EBOOK">
- <link itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/type" href="http://purl.oreilly.com/product-types/EBOOK">
- Ebook
- </dd>
-</del>
-</h3>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-chg">The
-Microdata
-example
-below
-expresses
-book
-information
-as
-a
-Microdata
-Work
-item.
-</ins></p><pre class="example"><dl itemscope
-<ins class="diff-chg">
- itemtype="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Work"
- itemid="http://purl.oreilly.com/works/45U8QJGZSQKDH8N">
- <dt>Title</dt>
- <dd><cite itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title">Just a Geek</cite></dd>
- <dt>By</dt>
- <dd><span itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator">Wil Wheaton</span></dd>
- <dt>Format</dt>
- <dd itemprop="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#realization"
- itemscope
- itemtype="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Expression"
- itemid="http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596007683.BOOK">
- <link itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/type" href="http://purl.oreilly.com/product-types/BOOK">
- Print
- </dd>
- <dd itemprop="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#realization"
- itemscope
- itemtype="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Expression"
- itemid="http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596802189.EBOOK">
- <link itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/type" href="http://purl.oreilly.com/product-types/EBOOK">
- Ebook
- </dd>
-</ins>
-</dl>
-</pre>
-<p>
-<del class="diff-old">Representation:
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Note
-that
-the
-JSON-LD
-representation
-of
-the
-Microdata
-information
-stays
-true
-to
-the
-desires
-of
-the
-Microdata
-community
-to
-avoid
-contexts
-and
-instead
-refer
-to
-items
-by
-their
-full
-IRI.
-</ins>
-</p>
-<del class="diff-old">{{
- "a" : "Context",
- "__vocab__" : "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/microdata#",
- "frbr" : "http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#",
- "dc" : "http://purl.org/dc/terms/"
- },
- {
- "a" : "frbr:Work",
- "@" : "<http://purl.oreilly.com/works/45U8QJGZSQKDH8N>",
- "dc:title" : "Just a Geek",
- "dc:creator" : "Whil Wheaton",
- "frbr:realization" : ["<http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596007683.BOOK>", "<http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596802189.EBOOK>"]
- },
- {
- "a" : "frbr:Expression",
- "@" : "<http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596007683.BOOK>",
- "dc:type" : "http://purl.oreilly.com/product-types/BOOK"
- },
- {
- "a" : "frbr:Expression",
- "@" : "<http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596802189.EBOOK>",
- "dc:type" : "<http://purl.oreilly.com/product-types/EBOOK>"
- }
-}
-</del>
-<pre class="example">[
-<ins class="diff-chg"> {
- "@": "http://purl.oreilly.com/works/45U8QJGZSQKDH8N",
- "a": "http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Work",
- "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title": "Just a Geek",
- "http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator": "Whil Wheaton",
- "http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#realization":
- ["http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596007683.BOOK", "http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596802189.EBOOK"]
- },
- {
- "@": "http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596007683.BOOK",
- "a": "http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Expression",
- "http://purl.org/dc/terms/type": "http://purl.oreilly.com/product-types/BOOK"
- },
- {
- "@": "http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596802189.EBOOK",
- "a": "http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Expression",
- "http://purl.org/dc/terms/type": "http://purl.oreilly.com/product-types/EBOOK"
- }
-]
-</ins>
-</pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div id="markup-of-rdf-concepts" class="section">
-<h2>
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">5.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">4.
-</ins>
-</span>
-Markup
-of
-RDF
-Concepts
-</h2>
-<del class="diff-old">Need
-</del>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
-is
-designed
-</ins>
-to
-<del class="diff-old">write
-introduction
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">ensure
-that
-most
-Linked
-Data
-concepts
-can
-be
-marked
-up
-in
-a
-way
-that
-is
-simple
-</ins>
-to
-<ins class="diff-new">understand
-and
-author
-by
-Web
-developers.
-In
-many
-cases,
-Javascript
-objects
-can
-become
-Linked
-Data
-with
-the
-simple
-addition
-of
-a
-context.
-Since
-</ins>
-RDF
-<del class="diff-old">Concepts
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">is
-also
-an
-important
-sub-community
-of
-the
-Linked
-Data
-movement,
-it
-is
-important
-that
-all
-RDF
-concepts
-are
-well-represented
-in
-this
-specification.
-This
-</ins>
-section
-<ins class="diff-new">details
-how
-each
-RDF
-concept
-can
-be
-expressed
-in
-JSON-LD.
-</ins>
-</p>
-<div id="iris" class="section">
-<h3>
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">5.1
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">4.1
-</ins>
-</span>
-IRIs
-</h3>
-<del class="diff-old">{
-...
- "foaf:homepage" : "",
-...
-</del>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Expressing
-IRIs
-are
-fundamental
-to
-Linked
-Data
-as
-that
-is
-how
-most
-subjects
-and
-many
-objects
-are
-identified.
-IRIs
-can
-be
-expressed
-in
-a
-variety
-of
-different
-ways
-in
-JSON-LD.
-</ins></p><ol><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-In
-general,
-an
-IRI
-is
-generated
-if
-it
-is
-in
-the
-key
-position
-in
-an
-associative
-array.
-There
-are
-special
-rules
-for
-processing
-keys
-in
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@context
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-and
-when
-dealing
-with
-keys
-that
-start
-with
-the
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-character.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-An
-IRI
-is
-generated
-for
-the
-value
-specified
-using
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@
-</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
-if
-it
-is
-a
-string.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-An
-IRI
-is
-generated
-for
-the
-value
-specified
-using
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-a
-</ins></code>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-An
-IRI
-is
-generated
-for
-the
-value
-specified
-using
-the
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@iri
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-keyword.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-An
-IRI
-is
-generated
-when
-there
-are
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@coerce
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-rules
-in
-effect
-for
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-xsd:anyURI
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-for
-a
-particular
-vocabulary
-term.
-</ins></li></ol><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-An
-example
-of
-IRI
-generation
-for
-a
-key
-outside
-of
-a
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@context
-</ins></code>:</p><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-chg">
-...
- "<span class="diff">http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name</span>": "Manu Sporny",
-...
-}
-</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-In
-the
-example
-above,
-the
-key
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-is
-interpreted
-as
-an
-IRI,
-as
-opposed
-to
-being
-interpreted
-as
-a
-string..
-</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-Term
-expansion
-occurs
-for
-IRIs
-if
-a
-term
-is
-defined
-within
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-context
-</ins></a>:</p><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-chg">
- "<span class="diff">@context</span>": {"<span class="diff">name</span>": "<span class="diff">http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name</span>"},
-...
- "<span class="diff">name</span>": "Manu Sporny",
-...
-}
-</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-CURIE
-expansion
-also
-occurs
-for
-keys
-in
-JSON-LD:
-</ins></p><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-chg">
-...
- "<span class="diff">foaf:name</span>": "Manu Sporny",
-...
-}
-</ins></pre><p><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-foaf:name
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-above
-will
-automatically
-expand
-out
-to
-the
-IRI
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name
-</ins></code>.</p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-An
-IRI
-is
-generated
-when
-a
-value
-is
-associated
-with
-a
-key
-using
-the
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@iri
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-keyword:
-</ins></p><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-chg">
-...
- "foaf:homepage": { "<span class="diff">@iri</span>": "http://manu.sporny.org" }
-...
-}
-</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-If
-type
-coercion
-rules
-are
-specified
-in
-the
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@context
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-for
-a
-particular
-vocabulary
-term,
-an
-IRI
-is
-generated:
-</ins></p><pre class="example">{<span class="diff">
-<ins class="diff-chg">
- "@context":
- {
- "@coerce":
- {
- "xsd:anyURI": "foaf:homepage"
- }
- }</span>
-...
- "foaf:homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org",
-...
-</ins>
-}
-</pre>
-</div>
-<div id="identifying-the-subject" class="section">
-<h3>
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">5.2
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">4.2
-</ins>
-</span>
-Identifying
-the
-Subject
-</h3>
-<del class="diff-old">{
-...
- "",
-...
-</del>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-chg">A
-subject
-is
-declared
-using
-the
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-key.
-The
-subject
-is
-the
-first
-piece
-of
-information
-needed
-by
-the
-JSON-LD
-processor
-in
-order
-to
-create
-the
-(subject,
-property,
-object)
-tuple,
-also
-known
-as
-a
-triple.
-</ins></p><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-chg">
-...
- "<span class="diff">@</span>": "<span class="diff">http://example.org/people#joebob</span>",
-...
-</ins>
-}
-</pre>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-new">The
-example
-above
-would
-set
-the
-subject
-to
-the
-IRI
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-http://example.org/people#joebob
-</ins></code>.</p>
-</div>
-<div id="specifying-the-type" class="section">
-<h3>
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">5.3
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">4.3
-</ins>
-</span>
-Specifying
-the
-Type
-</h3>
-<del class="diff-old">{
-...
- "",
-...
-</del>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-chg">The
-type
-of
-a
-particular
-subject
-can
-be
-specified
-using
-the
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-a
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-key.
-Specifying
-the
-type
-in
-this
-way
-will
-generate
-a
-triple
-of
-the
-form
-(subject,
-type,
-type-url).
-</ins></p><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-chg">
-...
- "@": "http://example.org/people#joebob",
- "<span class="diff">a</span>": "<span class="diff">http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person</span>",
-...
-</ins>
-}
-</pre>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-new">The
-example
-above
-would
-generate
-the
-following
-triple
-(in
-N-Triples
-notation):
-</ins></p><pre class="example"><http://example.org/people#joebob>
-<ins class="diff-new">
- <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type>
-<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person>
-.
-</ins></pre>
-</div>
-<div id="plain-literals" class="section">
-<h3>
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">5.4
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">4.4
-</ins>
-</span>
-Plain
-Literals
-</h3>
-<del class="diff-old">{
-...
- "foaf:name" : "",
-...
-</del>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Regular
-text
-strings
-are
-called
-a
-</ins><dfn title="plain_literal" id="dfn-plain_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
-plain
-literal
-</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-chg">
-in
-RDF
-and
-are
-easily
-expressed
-using
-regular
-JSON
-strings.
-</ins></p><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-chg">
-...
- "foaf:name": "<span class="diff">Mark Birbeck</span>",
-...
-</ins>
-}
-</pre>
-</div>
-<div id="language-specification-in-plain-literals" class="section">
-<h3>
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">5.5
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">4.5
-</ins>
-</span>
-Language
-Specification
-in
-Plain
-Literals
-</h3>
-<del class="diff-old">{
-...
- "foaf:name" : "",
-...
-</del>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
-makes
-an
-assumption
-that
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="plain_literal" href="#dfn-plain_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
-plain
-literal
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-s
-with
-associated
-language
-encoding
-information
-is
-not
-very
-common
-when
-used
-in
-JavaScript
-and
-Web
-Services.
-Thus,
-it
-takes
-a
-little
-more
-effort
-to
-express
-plain
-literals
-in
-a
-specified
-language.
-</ins></p><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-chg">
-...
- "foaf:name": <span class="diff">
- {
- "@literal": "花澄",
- "@language": "ja"
- }</span>
-...
-</ins>
-}
-</pre>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-new">The
-example
-above
-would
-generate
-a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="plain_literal" href="#dfn-plain_literal"><ins class="diff-new">
-plain
-literal
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-for
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
-花澄
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
-and
-associate
-the
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-ja
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
-language
-tag
-with
-the
-triple
-that
-is
-generated.
-Languages
-</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-new">
-must
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
-be
-expressed
-in
-[
-</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-BCP47"><ins class="diff-new">
-BCP47
-</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-new">
-]
-format.
-</ins></p>
-</div>
-<div id="typed-literals" class="section">
-<h3>
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">5.6
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">4.6
-</ins>
-</span>
-Typed
-Literals
-</h3>
-<del class="diff-old">{
-...
- "dc:modified" : "",
-...
-</del>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-chg">A
-</ins><dfn title="typed_literal" id="dfn-typed_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
-typed
-literal
-</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-chg">
-is
-indicated
-by
-attaching
-a
-IRI
-to
-the
-end
-of
-a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="plain_literal" href="#dfn-plain_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
-plain
-literal
-</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
-and
-this
-IRI
-indicates
-the
-literal's
-datatype.
-Literals
-may
-be
-typed
-in
-JSON-LD
-in
-three
-ways:
-</ins></p><ol><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-By
-utilizing
-the
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@coerce
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-keyword.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-By
-utilizing
-the
-expanded
-form
-for
-specifying
-objects.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-By
-using
-a
-native
-JSON
-datatype.
-</ins></li></ol><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-The
-first
-example
-uses
-the
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@coerce
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-keyword
-to
-express
-a
-typed
-literal:
-</ins></p><pre class="example">{<span class="diff">
-<ins class="diff-chg">
- "@context":
- {
- "@coerce":
- {
- "xsd:dateTime": "dc:modified"
- }
- }</span>
-...
- "dc:modified": "2010-05-29T14:17:39+02:00",
-...
-}
-</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-The
-second
-example
-uses
-the
-expanded
-form
-for
-specifying
-objects:
-</ins></p><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-chg">
-...
- "dc:modified": <span class="diff">
- {
- "@literal": "2010-05-29T14:17:39+02:00",
- "@datatype": "xsd:dateTime"
- }</span>
-...
-</ins>
-}
-</pre>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-new">Both
-examples
-above
-would
-generate
-an
-object
-with
-the
-literal
-value
-of
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-2010-05-29T14:17:39+02:00
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
-and
-the
-datatype
-of
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime
-</ins></code>.</p>
-</div>
-<div id="multiple-objects-for-a-single-property" class="section">
-<h3>
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">5.7
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">4.7
-</ins>
-</span>
-Multiple
-Objects
-for
-a
-Single
-Property
-</h3>
-<del class="diff-old">{
-...
- "foaf:nick" : ,
-...
-</del>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-chg">A
-JSON-LD
-author
-can
-express
-multiple
-triples
-in
-a
-compact
-way
-by
-using
-arrays.
-If
-a
-subject
-has
-multiple
-values
-for
-the
-same
-property,
-the
-author
-</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="may"><ins class="diff-chg">
-may
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
-express
-each
-property
-as
-an
-array.
-</ins></p><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-chg">
-...
- "@": "http://example.org/people#joebob",
- "foaf:nick": <span class="diff">["joe", "bob", "jaybee"]</span>,
-...
-</ins>
-}
-</pre>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-new">The
-markup
-shown
-above
-would
-generate
-the
-following
-triples:
-</ins></p><pre class="example"><http://example.org/people#joebob>
-<ins class="diff-new">
- <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nick>
- "joe" .
-<http://example.org/people#joebob>
- <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nick>
- "bob" .
-<http://example.org/people#joebob>
- <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nick>
-"jaybee"
-.
-</ins></pre>
-</div>
-<div id="multiple-typed-literals-for-a-single-property" class="section">
-<h3>
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">5.8
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">4.8
-</ins>
-</span>
-Multiple
-Typed
-Literals
-for
-a
-Single
-Property
-</h3>
-<del class="diff-old">{
-...
- "dc:modified" : ],
-...
-</del>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Multiple
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed_literal" href="#dfn-typed_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
-typed
-literal
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-s
-may
-also
-be
-expressed
-using
-the
-expanded
-form
-for
-objects:
-</ins></p><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-chg">
-...
- "@": "http://example.org/articles/8",
- "dcterms:modified": <span class="diff">
- [
- {
- "@literal": "2010-05-29T14:17:39+02:00",
- "@datatype": "xsd:dateTime"
- },
- {
- "@literal": "2010-05-30T09:21:28-04:00",
- "@datatype": "xsd:dateTime"
- }
- ]</span>
-...
-</ins>
-}
-</pre>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-new">The
-markup
-shown
-above
-would
-generate
-the
-following
-triples:
-</ins></p><pre class="example"><http://example.org/articles/8>
-<ins class="diff-new">
- <http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified>
- "2010-05-29T14:17:39+02:00"^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime .
-<http://example.org/articles/8>
- <http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified>
-"2010-05-30T09:21:28-04:00"^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime
-.
-</ins></pre>
-</div>
-<div id="blank-nodes" class="section">
-<h3>
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">5.9
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">4.9
-</ins>
-</span>
-Blank
-Nodes
-</h3>
-<del class="diff-old">{
-...
- "@" : "",
-...
-</del>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-chg">At
-times,
-it
-becomes
-necessary
-to
-be
-able
-to
-express
-information
-without
-being
-able
-to
-specify
-the
-subject.
-Typically,
-this
-is
-where
-blank
-nodes
-come
-into
-play.
-In
-JSON-LD,
-blank
-node
-identifiers
-are
-automatically
-created
-if
-a
-subject
-is
-not
-specified
-using
-the
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-keyword.
-However,
-authors
-may
-name
-blank
-nodes
-by
-using
-the
-special
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-_
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-CURIE
-prefix.
-</ins></p><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-chg">
-...
- "@": "<span class="diff">_:foo</span>",
-...
-</ins>
-}
-</pre>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-new">The
-example
-above
-would
-set
-the
-subject
-to
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-_:foo
-</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-new">
-which
-can
-then
-be
-used
-later
-on
-in
-the
-JSON-LD
-markup
-to
-refer
-back
-to
-the
-named
-blank
-node.
-</ins></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div id="advanced-features" class="section">
-<h2>
-<span class="secno">
-<ins class="diff-chg">5.
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-Advanced
-Features
-</ins></h2><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-JSON-LD
-has
-a
-number
-of
-features
-that
-provide
-functionality
-above
-and
-beyond
-the
-core
-functionality
-provided
-by
-RDF.
-The
-following
-sections
-outline
-the
-features
-that
-are
-specific
-to
-JSON-LD.
-</ins></p><div id="automatic-typing" class="section">
-<h3>
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">5.10
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">5.1
-</ins>
-</span>
-<del class="diff-old">Escape
-Character
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Automatic
-Typing
-</ins>
-</h3>
-<p>
-<del class="diff-old">Special
-characters
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Since
-JSON
-is
-capable
-of
-expressing
-typed
-information
-such
-as
-doubles,
-integers,
-and
-boolean
-values.
-As
-demonstrated
-below,
-JSON-LD
-utilizes
-that
-information
-to
-create
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed_literal" href="#dfn-typed_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
-typed
-literal
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-s:
-</ins></p><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-chg">
-...
- // The following two values are automatically converted to a type of xsd:double
- // and both values are equivalent to each other.
- "measure:cups": <span class="diff">5.3</span>,
- "measure:cups": <span class="diff">5.3e0</span>,
- // The following value is automatically converted to a type of xsd:double as well
- "space:astronomicUnits": <span class="diff">6.5e73</span>,
- // The following value should never be converted to a language-native type
- "measure:stones": <span class="diff">{ "@literal": "4.8", "@datatype": "xsd:decimal" }</span>,
- // This value is automatically converted to having a type of xsd:integer
- "chem:protons": <span class="diff">12</span>,
- // This value is automatically converted to having a type of xsd:boolean
- "sensor:active": <span class="diff">true</span>,
-...
-}
-</ins></pre><p class="note"><ins class="diff-chg">
-When
-dealing
-with
-a
-number
-of
-modern
-programming
-languages,
-including
-JavaScript
-ECMA-262,
-there
-is
-no
-distinction
-between
-</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
-xsd:decimal
-</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
-and
-</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
-xsd:double
-</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
-values.
-That
-is,
-the
-number
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-5.3
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-and
-the
-number
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-5.3e0
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-are
-treated
-as
-if
-they
-were
-the
-same.
-When
-converting
-from
-JSON-LD
-to
-a
-language-native
-format
-and
-back,
-datatype
-information
-is
-lost
-</ins>
-in
-<del class="diff-old">property
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">a
-number
-of
-these
-languages.
-Thus,
-one
-could
-say
-that
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-5.3
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-is
-a
-</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
-xsd:decimal
-</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
-and
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-5.3e0
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-is
-an
-</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
-xsd:double
-</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
-in
-JSON-LD,
-but
-when
-both
-</ins>
-values
-<ins class="diff-chg">are
-converted
-to
-a
-language-native
-format
-the
-datatype
-difference
-between
-the
-two
-is
-lost
-because
-the
-machine-level
-representation
-will
-almost
-always
-be
-a
-</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
-double
-</ins></strong>.<ins class="diff-chg">
-Implementers
-should
-be
-aware
-of
-this
-potential
-round-tripping
-issue
-between
-</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
-xsd:decimal
-</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
-and
-</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
-xsd:double
-</ins></strong>.<ins class="diff-chg">
-Specifically
-objects
-with
-a
-datatype
-of
-</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
-xsd:decimal
-</ins></strong><em class="rfc2119" title="must not">
-must
-<ins class="diff-new">not
-</ins>
-</em>
-be
-<del class="diff-old">escaped
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">converted
-to
-a
-language
-native
-type.
-</ins></p></div><div id="type-coercion" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-5.2
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-Type
-Coercion
-</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-JSON-LD
-supports
-the
-coercion
-of
-types
-to
-ensure
-that
-the
-zero-edit
-goal
-of
-JSON-LD
-can
-be
-accomplished.
-Type
-coercion
-allows
-someone
-deploying
-JSON-LD
-to
-coerce
-and
-incoming
-or
-outgoing
-types
-to
-the
-proper
-RDF
-type
-based
-on
-a
-mapping
-of
-type
-IRIs
-to
-RDF
-types.
-Using
-type
-conversion,
-one
-may
-convert
-simple
-JSON
-data
-to
-properly
-typed
-RDF
-data.
-</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-The
-example
-below
-demonstrates
-how
-a
-JSON-LD
-author
-can
-coerce
-values
-to
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="plain_literal" href="#dfn-plain_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
-plain
-literal
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-s,
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed_literal" href="#dfn-typed_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
-typed
-literal
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-s
-and
-IRIs.
-</ins></p><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-chg">
- "@context":
- {
- "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
- "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
- "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
- "age": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age",
- "homepage": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
-</ins><span class="diff"> "@coerce":
-<ins class="diff-chg">
- {
- "xsd:integer": "age",
- "xsd:anyURI": "homepage",
- }</span>
- },
- "name": "John Smith",
- "age": <span class="diff">"41"</span>,
- "homepage": <span class="diff">"http://example.org/home/"</span>
-}
-</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-The
-example
-above
-would
-generate
-the
-following
-triples:
-</ins></p><pre class="example">_:bnode1
-<ins class="diff-chg">
- <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name>
- "John Smith" .
-_:bnode1
- <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age>
- "41"^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer .
-_:bnode1
- <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage>
-<http://example.org/home/>
-.
-</ins></pre></div></div><div id="the-json-ld-processing-algorithm" class="section"><h2><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-6.
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-The
-JSON-LD
-Processing
-Algorithm
-</ins></h2><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-The
-JSON-LD
-Processing
-Model
-describes
-processing
-rules
-for
-extracting
-RDF
-from
-a
-JSON-LD
-document.
-Note
-that
-many
-uses
-of
-JSON-LD
-may
-not
-require
-generation
-of
-RDF.
-</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-The
-processing
-algorithm
-described
-in
-this
-section
-is
-provided
-</ins>
-in
-order
-to
-<ins class="diff-new">demonstrate
-how
-one
-might
-implement
-a
-JSON-LD
-processor.
-Conformant
-implementations
-are
-only
-required
-to
-produce
-the
-same
-type
-and
-number
-of
-triples
-during
-the
-output
-process
-and
-are
-</ins>
-not
-<ins class="diff-new">required
-to
-implement
-the
-algorithm
-exactly
-as
-described.
-</ins></p><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-new">
-The
-Processing
-Algorithm
-is
-a
-work
-in
-progress.
-</ins></p><div class="informative section" id="overview"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
-6.1
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
-Overview
-</ins></h3><p><em><ins class="diff-new">
-This
-section
-is
-non-normative.
-</ins></em></p><p><ins class="diff-new">
-JSON-LD
-is
-intended
-to
-have
-an
-easy
-to
-parse
-grammar
-that
-closely
-models
-existing
-practice
-in
-using
-JSON
-for
-describing
-object
-representations.
-This
-allows
-the
-use
-of
-existing
-libraries
-for
-parsing
-JSON
-in
-a
-document-oriented
-fashion,
-or
-can
-allow
-for
-stream-based
-parsing
-similar
-to
-SAX.
-</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-new">
-As
-with
-other
-grammars
-used
-for
-describing
-linked
-data,
-a
-key
-concept
-is
-that
-of
-a
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
-resource
-</ins></em>.<ins class="diff-new">
-Resources
-may
-</ins>
-be
-<del class="diff-old">interpreted
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">of
-three
-basic
-types:
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
-IRI
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
-s,
-for
-describing
-externally
-named
-entities,
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
-BNodes
-</ins></em>,<ins class="diff-chg">
-resources
-for
-which
-an
-external
-name
-does
-not
-exist,
-or
-is
-not
-known,
-and
-Literals,
-which
-describe
-terminal
-entities
-such
-</ins>
-as
-<del class="diff-old">IRIs,
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">strings,
-dates
-and
-other
-representations
-having
-a
-lexical
-representation
-possibly
-including
-an
-explicit
-</ins>
-language
-<del class="diff-old">tags,
-</del>
-or
-<del class="diff-old">TypedLiterals.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">datatype.
-</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-Data
-described
-with
-JSON-LD
-may
-be
-considered
-to
-be
-the
-representation
-of
-a
-graph
-made
-up
-of
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
-subject
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
-and
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
-object
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
-resources
-related
-via
-a
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
-predicate
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
-resource.
-However,
-specific
-implementations
-may
-choose
-to
-operate
-on
-the
-document
-as
-a
-normal
-JSON
-description
-of
-objects
-having
-attributes.
-</ins></p></div><div id="processing-algorithm-terms" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-6.2
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-Processing
-Algorithm
-Terms
-</ins></h3><dl><dt><dfn title="default_context" id="dfn-default_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
-default
-context
-</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
-a
-context
-that
-is
-specified
-to
-the
-JSON-LD
-processing
-algorithm
-before
-processing
-begins.
-</ins></dd><dt><dfn title="default_graph" id="dfn-default_graph"><ins class="diff-chg">
-default
-graph
-</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
-the
-destination
-graph
-for
-all
-triples
-generated
-by
-JSON-LD
-markup.
-</ins></dd><dt><dfn title="active_subject" id="dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-subject
-</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
-the
-currently
-active
-subject
-that
-the
-processor
-should
-use
-when
-generating
-triples.
-</ins></dd><dt><dfn title="active_property" id="dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-property
-</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
-the
-currently
-active
-property
-that
-the
-processor
-should
-use
-when
-generating
-triples.
-</ins></dd><dt><dfn title="active_object" id="dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-object
-</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
-the
-currently
-active
-object
-that
-the
-processor
-should
-use
-when
-generating
-triples.
-</ins></dd><dt><dfn title="active_context" id="dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-context
-</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
-a
-context
-that
-is
-used
-to
-resolve
-CURIEs
-while
-the
-processing
-algorithm
-is
-running.
-The
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-context
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-is
-the
-context
-contained
-within
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
-processor
-state
-</ins></a>.</dd><dt><dfn title="local_context" id="dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
-local
-context
-</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
-a
-context
-that
-is
-specified
-at
-the
-JSON
-associative-array
-level,
-specified
-via
-the
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@context
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-keyword.
-</ins></dd><dt><dfn title="processor_state" id="dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
-processor
-state
-</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
-processor
-state
-</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
-which
-includes
-the
-</ins><a class="tref" title="active__context"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-context
-</ins></a>,<a class="tref" title="current_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
-current
-subject
-</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
-and
-</ins><a class="tref" title="current_property"><ins class="diff-chg">
-current
-property
-</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
-The
-</ins><a class="tref" title="processor__state"><ins class="diff-chg">
-processor
-state
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-is
-managed
-as
-a
-stack
-with
-elements
-from
-the
-previous
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
-processor
-state
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-copied
-into
-a
-new
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
-processor
-state
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-when
-entering
-a
-new
-associative
-array.
-</ins></dd></dl></div><div id="processing-tokens-and-keywords" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-6.3
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-Processing
-Tokens
-and
-Keywords
-</ins></h3><dl><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@context
-</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
-Used
-to
-set
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
-local
-context
-</ins></a>.</dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@base
-</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
-Used
-to
-set
-the
-base
-IRI
-for
-all
-object
-IRIs
-affected
-by
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-context
-</ins></a>.</dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@profile
-</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
-A
-reference
-to
-a
-remote
-context
-description
-used
-to
-set
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
-local
-context
-</ins></a>.</dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@vocab
-</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
-Used
-to
-set
-the
-base
-IRI
-for
-all
-property
-IRIs
-affected
-by
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-context
-</ins></a>.</dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@coerce
-</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
-Used
-to
-specify
-type
-coercion
-rules.
-</ins></dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@literal
-</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
-Used
-to
-specify
-a
-literal
-value.
-</ins></dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@iri
-</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
-Used
-to
-specify
-an
-IRI
-value.
-</ins></dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@language
-</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
-Used
-to
-specify
-the
-language
-for
-a
-literal.
-</ins></dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@datatype
-</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
-Used
-to
-specify
-the
-datatype
-for
-a
-literal.
-</ins></dd><dt><code>:</code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
-The
-separator
-for
-CURIEs
-when
-used
-in
-JSON
-keys
-or
-JSON
-values.
-</ins></dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@
-</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
-Sets
-the
-active
-subjects.
-</ins></dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-a
-</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
-Used
-to
-set
-the
-rdf:type
-of
-the
-active
-subjects.
-This
-token
-may
-be
-conferred
-as
-syntactic
-sugar
-for
-rdf:type.
-</ins></dd></dl><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
-Use
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@source
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-instead
-of
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-?
-</ins></p><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
-Use
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@type
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-instead
-of
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-a
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-?
-Note
-that
-both
-are
-just
-semantic
-sugar
-for
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-rdf:type
-</ins></code>.</p></div><div id="context" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-6.4
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-Context
-</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-Processing
-of
-JSON-LD
-is
-managed
-recursively
-using
-a
-process
-described
-in
-</ins><a href="sequence"><ins class="diff-chg">
-Sequence
-</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
-During
-processing,
-each
-rule
-is
-applied
-using
-information
-provided
-by
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-context
-</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
-Processing
-begins
-by
-pushing
-a
-new
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
-processor
-state
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-onto
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
-processor
-state
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-stack
-and
-initializing
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-context
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-with
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default_context" href="#dfn-default_context-1"><ins class="diff-chg">
-default
-context
-</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
-If
-a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
-local
-context
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-is
-encountered,
-information
-from
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
-local
-context
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-is
-merged
-into
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-context
-</ins></a>.</p><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
-Should
-the
-document
-URL
-be
-used
-as
-the
-default
-for
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@base
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-in
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default_context" href="#dfn-default_context-1"><ins class="diff-chg">
-default
-context
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-?
-</ins>
-</p>
-<p>
-The
-<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context">
-<ins class="diff-new">active
-context
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-is
-used
-for
-expanding
-keys
-and
-values
-of
-an
-associative
-array
-(or
-elements
-of
-a
-list
-(see
-</ins><span a="#list-processing"><ins class="diff-new">
-List
-Processing
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
-)).
-</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-new">
-A
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-new">
-local
-context
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-is
-identified
-within
-an
-associative
-array
-having
-a
-key
-of
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-@context
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
-with
-an
-associative
-array
-value.
-When
-processing
-a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-new">
-local
-context
-</ins></a>,
-special
-<del class="diff-old">characters
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">rules
-apply:
-</ins></p><ul><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-The
-key
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@base
-</ins></code><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-chg">
-must
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
-have
-a
-value
-of
-a
-simple
-string
-with
-the
-lexical
-form
-of
-IRI
-and
-is
-saved
-in
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-context
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-to
-perform
-term
-mapping
-as
-described
-in
-</ins><a href="#iri-processing"><ins class="diff-chg">
-IRI
-Processing
-</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-The
-key
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@vocab
-</ins></code><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-chg">
-must
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
-have
-a
-value
-of
-a
-simple
-string
-with
-the
-lexical
-form
-of
-IRI
-and
-is
-saved
-in
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-context
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-to
-perform
-term
-mapping
-as
-described
-in
-</ins><a href="#iri-processing"><ins class="diff-chg">
-IRI
-Processing
-</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-The
-key
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@coerce
-</ins></code><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-chg">
-must
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
-have
-a
-value
-of
-an
-associative
-array.
-Processing
-of
-the
-associative
-array
-is
-described
-</ins><a href="#coerce"><ins class="diff-chg">
-below
-</ins></a></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-Otherwise,
-the
-key
-</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-chg">
-must
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
-have
-the
-lexical
-form
-of
-</ins><cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/#NT-NCName"><ins class="diff-chg">
-NCName
-</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
-and
-</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-chg">
-must
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
-have
-the
-value
-of
-a
-simple
-string
-with
-the
-lexical
-form
-of
-IRI.
-Merge
-each
-key-value
-pair
-into
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-context
-</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
-overwriting
-any
-duplicate
-values.
-</ins></li></ul><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-A
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
-local
-context
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-may
-also
-be
-loaded
-from
-an
-external
-document
-using
-the
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@profile
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-key
-as
-described
-in
-</ins><a href="#vocabulary-profiles"><ins class="diff-chg">
-Vocabulary
-Profiles
-</ins></a>.</p><div id="coerce" class="section"><h4><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-6.4.1
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-Coerce
-</ins></h4><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-Map
-each
-key-value
-pair
-in
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
-local
-context
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-'s
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@coerce
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-mapping
-into
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-context
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-'s
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@coerce
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-mapping,
-overwriting
-any
-duplicate
-values
-</ins>
-in
-<ins class="diff-new">the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-new">
-active
-context
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-'s
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-@coerce
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
-mapping.
-The
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-@coerce
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
-mapping
-has
-a
-either
-of
-a
-single
-CURIE
-or
-of
-an
-array
-of
-CURIEs.
-When
-merging
-with
-an
-existing
-mapping
-in
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-new">
-active
-context
-</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
-map
-all
-CURIE
-values
-to
-array
-form
-and
-replace
-with
-the
-union
-of
-the
-value
-from
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-new">
-local
-context
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-and
-the
-value
-of
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-new">
-active
-context
-</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
-If
-the
-result
-is
-an
-array
-with
-a
-single
-CURIE,
-the
-processor
-</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="may"><ins class="diff-new">
-may
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
-represent
-this
-as
-a
-string
-value.
-</ins></p></div></div><div id="chaining" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
-6.5
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
-Chaining
-</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-new">
-Object
-</ins><dfn title="chaining" id="dfn-chaining"><ins class="diff-new">
-chaining
-</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-new">
-is
-a
-</ins>
-JSON-LD
-<del class="diff-old">are:
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">feature
-that
-allows
-an
-author
-to
-use
-the
-definition
-of
-JSON-LD
-objects
-as
-</ins><a class="tref" title="property"><ins class="diff-chg">
-property
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-values.
-This
-is
-a
-commonly
-used
-mechanism
-for
-creating
-a
-parent-child
-relationship
-between
-objects.
-</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-The
-example
-shows
-an
-two
-objects
-related
-by
-a
-property
-from
-the
-first
-object:
-</ins></p> <pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-chg">
-...
- "foaf:name": "Manu Sporny",
- "<span class="diff">foaf:knows</span>": {
- "<span class="diff">a</span>": "<span class="diff">foaf:Person</span>",
- "<span class="diff">foaf:name</span>": "<span class="diff">Gregg Kellogg</span>",
- }
-...
-}
-</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-An
-object
-definition
-may
-be
-used
-anyplace
-a
-value
-is
-legal
-in
-JSON-LD.
-</ins></p></div><div id="iri-processing" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-6.6
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-IRI
-Processing
-</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-Keys
-and
-some
-values
-are
-evaluated
-to
-produce
-an
-IRI.
-This
-section
-defines
-an
-algorithm
-for
-transforming
-a
-value
-representing
-an
-IRI
-into
-an
-actual
-IRI.
-</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-IRIs
-may
-be
-represented
-as
-an
-explicit
-string,
-or
-as
-a
-CURIE,
-as
-a
-value
-relative
-to
-</ins>
-<code>
-<del class="diff-old"><
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">@base
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-or
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@vocab
-</ins></code>.</p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-CURIEs
-are
-defined
-more
-formally
-in
-[
-</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDFA-CORE"><ins class="diff-chg">
-RDFA-CORE
-</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
-]
-</ins><cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdfa-core/#s_curies"><ins class="diff-chg">
-section
-6
-"CURIE
-Syntax
-Definition"
-</ins></a></cite>.<ins class="diff-chg">
-Generally,
-a
-CURIE
-is
-composed
-of
-a
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
-prefix
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
-and
-a
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
-suffix
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
-separated
-by
-a
-':'.
-In
-JSON-LD,
-either
-the
-prefix
-may
-be
-the
-empty
-string,
-denoting
-the
-</ins><dfn title="default_prefix" id="dfn-default_prefix"><ins class="diff-chg">
-default
-prefix
-</ins></dfn>.</p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-The
-procedure
-for
-generating
-an
-IRI
-is:
-</ins></p><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-Split
-the
-value
-into
-a
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
-prefix
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
-and
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
-suffix
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
-from
-the
-first
-occurrence
-of
-':'.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-If
-the
-prefix
-is
-a
-'_',
-generate
-a
-named
-BNode
-using
-the
-suffix
-as
-the
-name.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-If
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-context
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-contains
-a
-mapping
-for
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
-prefix
-</ins></em>,<ins class="diff-chg">
-generate
-an
-IRI
-by
-prepending
-the
-mapped
-prefix
-to
-the
-(possibly
-empty)
-suffix.
-Note
-that
-an
-empty
-suffix
-and
-no
-suffix
-(meaning
-the
-value
-contains
-no
-':'
-string
-at
-all)
-are
-treated
-equivalently.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-If
-the
-IRI
-being
-processed
-is
-for
-a
-property
-(i.e.,
-a
-key
-value
-in
-an
-associative
-array,
-or
-a
-value
-in
-a
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@coerce
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-mapping)
-and
-the
-active
-context
-has
-a
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@vocab
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-mapping,
-join
-the
-mapped
-value
-to
-the
-suffix
-using
-the
-method
-described
-in
-[
-</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3987"><ins class="diff-chg">
-RFC3987
-</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
-].
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-If
-the
-IRI
-being
-processed
-is
-for
-a
-subject
-or
-object
-(i.e.,
-not
-a
-property)
-and
-the
-active
-context
-has
-a
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@base
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-mapping,
-join
-the
-mapped
-value
-to
-the
-suffix
-using
-the
-method
-described
-in
-[
-</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3987"><ins class="diff-chg">
-RFC3987
-</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
-].
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-Otherwise,
-use
-the
-value
-directly
-as
-an
-IRI.
-</ins></li></ol><p></p></div></div><div id="sequence" class="section"><h2><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-7.
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-Sequence
-</ins></h2><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-The
-algorithm
-below
-is
-designed
-for
-in-memory
-implementations
-with
-random
-access
-to
-associative
-array
-elements.
-For
-a
-description
-of
-a
-streaming
-implementation,
-see
-</ins><a href="streaming-processors"><ins class="diff-chg">
-Appendix
-B
-</ins></a>.</p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-A
-conforming
-JSON-LD
-processor
-</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-chg">
-must
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
-implement
-a
-processing
-algorithm
-that
-results
-in
-the
-same
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default_graph" href="#dfn-default_graph"><ins class="diff-chg">
-default
-graph
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-that
-the
-following
-algorithm
-generates:
-</ins></p><ol class="algorithm"><li id="processing-step-default-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
-Create
-a
-new
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
-processor
-state
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-with
-with
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-context
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-set
-to
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default_context" href="#dfn-default_context-1"><ins class="diff-chg">
-default
-context
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-and
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-subject
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-and
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-property
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-initialized
-to
-NULL.
-</ins></li><li id="processing-step-associative"><ins class="diff-chg">
-If
-an
-associative
-array
-is
-detected,
-perform
-the
-following
-steps:
-</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-If
-the
-associative
-array
-has
-a
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@context
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-key,
-process
-the
-local
-context
-as
-described
-in
-</ins><a href="context"><ins class="diff-chg">
-Context
-</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-If
-the
-associative
-array
-has
-an
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@iri
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-key,
-set
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-object
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-by
-performing
-</ins><a href="#iri-processing"><ins class="diff-chg">
-IRI
-Processing
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-on
-the
-associated
-value.
-Generate
-a
-triple
-representing
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-subject
-</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-property
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-and
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-object
-</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
-Return
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-object
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-to
-the
-calling
-location.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-If
-the
-associative
-array
-has
-a
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@literal
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-key,
-set
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-object
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-to
-a
-literal
-value
-as
-follows:
-</ins><ul><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-as
-a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed_literal" href="#dfn-typed_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
-typed
-literal
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-if
-the
-associative
-array
-contains
-a
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@datatype
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-key
-after
-performing
-</ins><a href="#iri-processing"><ins class="diff-chg">
-IRI
-Processing
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-on
-the
-specified
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@datatype
-</ins></code>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-otherwise,
-as
-a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="plain_literal" href="#dfn-plain_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
-plain
-literal
-</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
-If
-the
-associative
-array
-contains
-a
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@language
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-key,
-use
-it's
-value
-to
-set
-the
-language
-of
-the
-plain
-literal.
-</ins></li></ul><ins class="diff-chg">
-Generate
-a
-triple
-representing
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-subject
-</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
-the
-</ins><a class="tref" title="active__property"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-property
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-and
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-object
-</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
-Return
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-object
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-to
-the
-calling
-location.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-If
-the
-associative
-array
-has
-a
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-key:
-</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-If
-the
-value
-is
-a
-string,
-set
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-object
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-to
-the
-result
-of
-performing
-</ins><a href="#iri-processing"><ins class="diff-chg">
-IRI
-Processing
-</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
-Generate
-a
-triple
-representing
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-subject
-</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-property
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-and
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-object
-</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
-Set
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-subject
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-to
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-object
-</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-Create
-a
-new
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
-processor
-state
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-using
-copies
-of
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-context
-</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-subject
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-and
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-property
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-and
-process
-the
-value
-starting
-at
-</ins><a href="#processing-step-associative"><ins class="diff-chg">
-Step
-2
-</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
-set
-the
-</ins><a class="tref" title="active__subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-subject
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-to
-the
-result
-and
-proceed
-using
-the
-previous
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
-processor
-state
-</ins></a>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-If
-the
-associative
-array
-does
-not
-have
-a
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-key,
-set
-the
-</ins><a class="tref" title="active__object"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-object
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-to
-newly
-generated
-</ins><a class="tref" title="blank_node_identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
-blank
-node
-identifier
-</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
-Generate
-a
-triple
-representing
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-subject
-</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-property
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-and
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-object
-</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
-Set
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-subject
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-to
-the
-</ins><a class="tref" title="active__object"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-object
-</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-For
-each
-key
-in
-the
-associative
-array
-that
-has
-not
-already
-been
-processed,
-perform
-the
-following
-steps:
-</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-If
-the
-key
-is
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-a
-</ins>
-</code>,
-<ins class="diff-new">set
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-new">
-active
-property
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-to
-</ins>
-<code>
-<del class="diff-old">>
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">rdf:type
-</ins></code>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-Otherwise,
-set
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-property
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-to
-the
-result
-of
-performing
-</ins><a href="#iri-processing"><ins class="diff-chg">
-IRI
-Processing
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-on
-the
-key.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-Create
-a
-new
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
-processor
-state
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-copies
-of
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-context
-</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-subject
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-and
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-property
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-and
-process
-the
-value
-starting
-at
-</ins><a href="#processing-step-associative"><ins class="diff-chg">
-Step
-2
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-and
-proceed
-using
-the
-previous
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
-processor
-state
-</ins></a>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-Return
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
-active
-object
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-to
-the
-calling
-location.
-</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-If
-a
-regular
-array
-is
-detected,
-process
-each
-value
-in
-the
-array
-by
-doing
-the
-following
-returning
-the
-result
-of
-processing
-the
-last
-value
-in
-the
-array:
-</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-If
-the
-value
-is
-a
-regular
-array,
-generate
-an
-RDF
-List
-by
-linking
-each
-element
-of
-the
-list
-using
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-rdf:first
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-and
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-rdf:next
-</ins>
-</code>,
-<ins class="diff-new">terminating
-the
-list
-with
-</ins>
-<code>
-<del class="diff-old">@
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">rdf:nil
-</ins>
-</code>
-<ins class="diff-new">using
-the
-following
-sequence:
-</ins><ol><li><ins class="diff-new">
-If
-the
-list
-has
-no
-element,
-generate
-a
-triple
-using
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-new">
-active
-subject
-</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-new">
-active
-property
-</ins></a>
-and
-<code>
-<del class="diff-old">^
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">rdf:nil
-</ins>
-</code>.
-</li>
-<li>
-<ins class="diff-new">Otherwise,
-generate
-a
-triple
-using
-using
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-new">
-active
-subject
-</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-new">
-active
-property
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-and
-a
-newly
-generated
-BNode
-identified
-as
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
-first
-bnode
-</ins></em>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
-For
-each
-element
-other
-than
-the
-last
-element
-in
-the
-list:
-</ins><ol><li><ins class="diff-new">
-Create
-a
-processor
-state
-using
-the
-active
-context,
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
-first
-bnode
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
-as
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-new">
-active
-subject
-</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
-and
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-rdf:first
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
-as
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-new">
-active
-property
-</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
-Unless
-this
-is
-the
-last
-element
-in
-the
-list,
-generate
-a
-new
-BNode
-identified
-as
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
-rest
-bnode
-</ins></em>,<ins class="diff-new">
-otherwise
-use
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-rdf:nil
-</ins></code>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
-Generate
-a
-new
-triple
-using
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
-first
-bnode
-</ins></em>,<code><ins class="diff-new">
-rdf:rest
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
-and
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
-rest
-bnode
-</ins></em>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
-Set
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
-first
-bnode
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
-to
-</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
-rest
-bnode
-</ins></em>.</li></ol></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
-Otherwise,
-create
-a
-new
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-new">
-processor
-state
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-copies
-of
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-new">
-active
-context
-</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-new">
-active
-subject
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-and
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-new">
-active
-property
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-and
-process
-the
-value
-starting
-at
-</ins><a href="#processing-step-associative"><ins class="diff-new">
-Step
-2
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-and
-proceed
-using
-the
-previous
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-new">
-processor
-state
-</ins></a>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
-If
-a
-string
-is
-detected,
-generate
-a
-triple
-using
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-new">
-active
-subject
-</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-new">
-active
-object
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-and
-a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="plain_literal" href="#dfn-plain_literal"><ins class="diff-new">
-plain
-literal
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-value
-created
-from
-the
-string.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
-If
-a
-number
-is
-detected,
-generate
-a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed_literal" href="#dfn-typed_literal"><ins class="diff-new">
-typed
-literal
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-using
-a
-string
-representation
-of
-the
-value
-with
-datatype
-set
-to
-either
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-xsd:integer
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
-or
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-xsd:double
-</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-new">
-depending
-on
-if
-the
-value
-contains
-a
-fractional
-and/or
-an
-exponential
-component.
-Generate
-a
-triple
-using
-the
-</ins><a class="tref" title="active__subject"><ins class="diff-new">
-active
-subject
-</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-new">
-active
-object
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-and
-the
-generated
-typed
-literal.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
-Otherwise,
-if
-</ins><strong><ins class="diff-new">
-true
-</ins></strong><ins class="diff-new">
-or
-</ins><strong><ins class="diff-new">
-false
-</ins></strong><ins class="diff-new">
-is
-detected,
-generate
-a
-triple
-using
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-new">
-active
-subject
-</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-new">
-active
-object
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-and
-a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed_literal" href="#dfn-typed_literal"><ins class="diff-new">
-typed
-literal
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
-value
-created
-from
-the
-string
-representation
-of
-the
-value
-with
-datatype
-set
-to
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-xsd:boolean
-</ins></code>.</li></ol></div><div id="best-practices" class="section"><h2><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
-8.
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
-Best
-Practices
-</ins></h2><p><ins class="diff-new">
-The
-nature
-of
-Web
-programming
-allows
-one
-to
-use
-basic
-technologies,
-such
-as
-JSON-LD,
-across
-a
-variety
-of
-systems
-and
-environments.
-This
-section
-attempts
-to
-describe
-some
-of
-those
-environments
-and
-the
-way
-in
-which
-JSON-LD
-can
-be
-integrated
-in
-order
-to
-help
-alleviate
-certain
-development
-headaches.
-</ins>
-</p>
-<del class="diff-old">{
-...
- "example:code" : ,
-...
-</del>
-<div id="javascript" class="section">
-<h3>
-<span class="secno">
-<ins class="diff-chg">8.1
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-JavaScript
-</ins></h3><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
-It
-is
-expected
-that
-JSON-LD
-will
-be
-used
-quite
-a
-bit
-in
-JavaScript
-environments,
-however,
-features
-like
-the
-expanded
-form
-for
-object
-values
-mean
-that
-using
-JSON-LD
-directly
-in
-JavaScript
-may
-be
-annoying
-without
-a
-middleware
-layer
-such
-as
-a
-simple
-library
-that
-converts
-JSON-LD
-markup
-before
-JavaScript
-uses
-it.
-One
-could
-say
-that
-JSON-LD
-is
-a
-good
-fit
-for
-the
-RDF
-API,
-which
-enables
-a
-variety
-of
-RDF-based
-Web
-Applications,
-but
-some
-don't
-want
-to
-require
-that
-level
-of
-functionality
-just
-to
-use
-JSON-LD.
-The
-group
-is
-still
-discussing
-the
-best
-way
-to
-proceed,
-so
-input
-on
-how
-JSON-LD
-could
-more
-easily
-be
-utilized
-in
-JavaScript
-environments
-would
-be
-very
-much
-appreciated.
-</ins></p></div><div id="schema-less-databases" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-8.2
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-Schema-less
-Databases
-</ins></h3><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
-Databases
-such
-as
-CouchDB
-and
-MongoDB
-allow
-the
-creation
-of
-schema-less
-data
-stores.
-RDF
-is
-a
-type
-of
-schema-less
-data
-model
-and
-thus
-lends
-itself
-to
-databases
-such
-as
-CouchDB
-and
-MongoDB.
-Both
-of
-these
-databases
-can
-use
-JSON-LD
-as
-their
-storage
-format.
-The
-group
-needs
-feedback
-from
-CouchDB
-and
-MongoDB
-experts
-regarding
-the
-usefulness
-of
-JSON-LD
-in
-those
-environments.
-</ins></p><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
-MongoDB
-does
-not
-allow
-the
-'.'
-character
-to
-be
-used
-in
-key
-names.
-This
-prevents
-developers
-from
-storing
-IRIs
-as
-keys,
-which
-also
-prevents
-storage
-of
-the
-data
-in
-normalized
-form.
-While
-this
-issue
-can
-be
-avoided
-by
-using
-CURIEs
-for
-key
-values,
-it
-is
-not
-known
-if
-this
-mechanism
-is
-enough
-to
-allow
-JSON-LD
-to
-be
-used
-in
-MongoDB
-in
-a
-way
-that
-is
-useful
-to
-developers.
-</ins></p></div></div><div id="advanced-concepts" class="section"><h2><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-9.
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-Advanced
-Concepts
-</ins></h2><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
-There
-are
-a
-few
-advanced
-concepts
-where
-it
-is
-not
-clear
-whether
-or
-not
-the
-JSON-LD
-specification
-is
-going
-to
-support
-the
-complexity
-necessary
-to
-support
-each
-concept.
-The
-entire
-section
-on
-Advanced
-Concepts
-should
-be
-considered
-as
-discussion
-points;
-it
-is
-merely
-a
-list
-of
-possibilities
-where
-all
-of
-the
-benefits
-and
-drawbacks
-have
-not
-been
-explored.
-</ins></p><div id="vocabulary-profiles" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-9.1
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-Vocabulary
-Profiles
-</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-One
-of
-the
-more
-powerful
-features
-of
-RDFa
-1.1
-Core
-is
-the
-ability
-to
-specify
-a
-collection
-of
-prefixes
-and
-terms
-that
-can
-be
-re-used
-by
-a
-processor
-to
-simplfy
-markup.
-JSON-LD
-provides
-a
-similar
-mechanism
-called
-Vocabulary
-Profiles,
-which
-is
-the
-inclusion
-of
-a
-context
-external
-to
-the
-JSON-LD
-document.
-</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-The
-example
-below
-demonstrates
-how
-one
-may
-specify
-an
-external
-Vocabulary
-Profile.
-Assume
-the
-following
-profile
-exists
-at
-this
-imaginary
-URL:
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-http://example.org/profiles/contacts
-</ins></code>.</p><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-chg">
- "@context":
- {
- "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
- "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
- "age": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age",
- "homepage": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
- "#types":
- {
- "age": "xsd:integer",
- "homepage": "xsd:anyURI",
- }
- }
-}
-</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-The
-profile
-listed
-above
-can
-be
-used
-in
-the
-following
-way:
-</ins></p><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-chg">
- "@profile": "http://example.org/profiles/contacts",
- "name": "John Smith",
- "age": "41",
- "homepage": "http://example.org/home/"
-</ins>
-}
-</pre>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-new">The
-example
-above
-would
-generate
-the
-following
-triples:
-</ins></p><pre class="example">_:bnode1
-<ins class="diff-new">
- <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name>
- "John Smith" .
-_:bnode1
- <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age>
- "41"^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer .
-_:bnode1
- <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage>
-<http://example.org/home/>
-.
-</ins></pre>
-</div>
-<div id="disjoint-graphs" class="section">
-<h3>
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">5.11
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">9.2
-</ins>
-</span>
-<del class="diff-old">Automatic
-Typing
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Disjoint
-Graphs
-</ins>
-</h3>
-<del class="diff-old">{
-...
- // This value is automatically converted to having a type of xsd:decimal
- "measure:cups" : ,
- // This value is automatically converted to having a type of xsd:integer
- "chem:protons" : ,
- // This value is automatically converted to having a type of xsd:boolean
- "sensor:active" : ,
-...
-</del>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-chg">When
-serializing
-an
-RDF
-graph
-that
-contains
-two
-or
-more
-sections
-of
-the
-graph
-which
-are
-entirely
-disjoint,
-one
-must
-use
-an
-array
-to
-express
-the
-graph
-as
-two
-graphs.
-This
-may
-not
-be
-acceptable
-to
-some
-authors,
-who
-would
-rather
-express
-the
-information
-as
-one
-graph.
-Since,
-by
-definition,
-disjoint
-graphs
-require
-there
-to
-be
-two
-top-level
-objects,
-JSON-LD
-utilizes
-a
-mechanism
-that
-allows
-disjoint
-graphs
-to
-be
-expressed
-using
-a
-single
-graph.
-</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-Assume
-the
-following
-RDF
-graph:
-</ins></p><pre class="example"><http://example.org/people#john>
-<ins class="diff-chg">
- <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type>
- <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> .
-<http://example.org/people#jane>
- <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type>
-<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person>
-.
-</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-Since
-the
-two
-subjects
-are
-entirely
-disjoint
-with
-one
-another,
-it
-is
-impossible
-to
-express
-the
-RDF
-graph
-above
-using
-a
-single
-JSON-LD
-associative
-array.
-</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-In
-JSON-LD,
-one
-can
-use
-the
-subject
-to
-express
-disjoint
-graphs
-as
-a
-single
-graph:
-</ins></p><pre class="example">{
-<ins class="diff-chg">
- "@":
- [
- {
- "@": "http://example.org/people#john",
- "a": "foaf:Person"
- },
- {
- "@": "http://example.org/people#jane",
- "a": "foaf:Person"
- }
- ]
-</ins>
-}
-</pre>
-<p>
-<ins class="diff-new">A
-disjoint
-graph
-could
-also
-be
-expressed
-like
-so:
-</ins></p><pre class="example">[
-<ins class="diff-new">
- {
- "@": "http://example.org/people#john",
- "a": "foaf:Person"
- },
- {
- "@": "http://example.org/people#jane",
- "a": "foaf:Person"
- }
-]
-</ins></pre>
-</div>
-<div id="the-json-ld-api" class="section">
-<h3>
-<span class="secno">
-<ins class="diff-new">9.3
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
-The
-JSON-LD
-API
-</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-new">
-This
-API
-provides
-a
-clean
-mechanism
-that
-enables
-developers
-to
-convert
-JSON-LD
-data
-into
-a
-format
-that
-is
-easier
-to
-work
-with
-in
-various
-programming
-languages.
-</ins></p><pre class="idl"><span class="idlInterface" id="idl-def-JSONLDProcessor">[<span class="extAttr">NoInterfaceObject</span>]
-<ins class="diff-new">
-interface <span class="idlInterfaceID">JSONLDProcessor</span> {
-</ins><span class="idlMethod"> <span class="idlMethType"><a>object</a></span> <span class="idlMethName"><a href="#widl-JSONLDProcessor-toProjection-object-DOMString-jsonld-object-template-DOMString-subject-JSONLDParserCallback-callback">toProjection</a></span> (<span class="idlParam">in <span class="idlParamType"><a>DOMString</a></span> <span class="idlParamName">jsonld</span></span>, <span class="idlParam">in <span class="idlParamType"><a>object</a>?</span> <span class="idlParamName">template</span></span>, <span class="idlParam">in <span class="idlParamType"><a>DOMString</a>?</span> <span class="idlParamName">subject</span></span>, <span class="idlParam">in optional <span class="idlParamType"><a>JSONLDParserCallback</a>?</span> <span class="idlParamName">callback</span></span>);</span>
-<span class="idlMethod"> <span class="idlMethType"><a>Graph</a></span> <span class="idlMethName"><a href="#widl-JSONLDProcessor-toGraph-Graph-DOMString-jsonld-JSONLDParserCallback-callback">toGraph</a></span> (<span class="idlParam">in <span class="idlParamType"><a>DOMString</a></span> <span class="idlParamName">jsonld</span></span>, <span class="idlParam">in optional <span class="idlParamType"><a>JSONLDParserCallback</a>?</span> <span class="idlParamName">callback</span></span>);</span>
-<ins class="diff-new">
-};</span>
-</ins></pre><div id="methods" class="section"><h4><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
-9.3.1
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
-Methods
-</ins></h4><dl class="methods"><dt id="widl-JSONLDProcessor-toGraph-Graph-DOMString-jsonld-JSONLDParserCallback-callback"><code><ins class="diff-new">
-toGraph
-</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
-Parses
-JSON-LD
-and
-transforms
-the
-data
-into
-an
-Graph,
-which
-is
-compatible
-with
-the
-RDF
-Interfaces
-API
-specification
-[
-</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-INTERFACES"><ins class="diff-new">
-RDF-INTERFACES
-</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-new">
-].
-This
-method
-will
-return
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
-null
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
-if
-there
-are
-any
-errors,
-or
-if
-the
-RDF
-Interfaces
-API
-is
-not
-available
-for
-use.
-</ins><table class="parameters"><tr><th><ins class="diff-new">
-Parameter
-</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-new">
-Type
-</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-new">
-Nullable
-</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-new">
-Optional
-</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-new">
-Description
-</ins></th></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-new">
-jsonld
-</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a><ins class="diff-new">
-DOMString
-</ins></a></code></td><td class="prmNullFalse"><ins class="diff-new">
-✘
-</ins></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><ins class="diff-new">
-✘
-</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-new">
-The
-JSON-LD
-string
-to
-parse
-into
-the
-RDFGraph.
-</ins></td></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-new">
-callback
-</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a><ins class="diff-new">
-JSONLDParserCallback
-</ins></a></code></td><td class="prmNullTrue"><ins class="diff-new">
-✔
-</ins></td><td class="prmOptTrue"><ins class="diff-new">
-✔
-</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-new">
-A
-callback
-that
-is
-called
-whenever
-a
-processing
-error
-occurs
-on
-the
-given
-JSON-LD
-string.
-</ins></td></tr></table><div><em><ins class="diff-new">
-No
-exceptions.
-</ins></em>
-</div>
-<div>
-<em>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Return
-type:
-</ins></em><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
-Graph
-</ins></a></code></div></dd><dt id="widl-JSONLDProcessor-toProjection-object-DOMString-jsonld-object-template-DOMString-subject-JSONLDParserCallback-callback"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-toProjection
-</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
-Parses
-JSON-LD
-text
-into
-an
-RDF
-API
-Projection
-object
-as
-specified
-by
-the
-RDF
-API
-specification
-[
-</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-API"><ins class="diff-chg">
-RDF-API
-</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
-].
-If
-there
-are
-any
-errors,
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-null
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-is
-returned.
-</ins><table class="parameters"><tr><th><ins class="diff-chg">
-Parameter
-</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
-Type
-</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
-Nullable
-</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
-Optional
-</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
-Description
-</ins></th></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-chg">
-jsonld
-</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
-DOMString
-</ins></a></code></td><td class="prmNullFalse"><ins class="diff-chg">
-✘
-</ins></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><ins class="diff-chg">
-✘
-</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-chg">
-The
-JSON-LD
-string
-to
-parse
-into
-the
-Projection.
-</ins></td></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-chg">
-template
-</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
-object
-</ins></a></code></td><td class="prmNullTrue"><ins class="diff-chg">
-✔
-</ins></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><ins class="diff-chg">
-✘
-</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-chg">
-The
-Projection
-template
-to
-use
-when
-building
-the
-Projection.
-</ins></td></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-chg">
-subject
-</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
-DOMString
-</ins></a></code></td><td class="prmNullTrue"><ins class="diff-chg">
-✔
-</ins></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><ins class="diff-chg">
-✘
-</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-chg">
-The
-subject
-to
-use
-when
-building
-the
-Projection.
-</ins></td></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-chg">
-callback
-</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
-JSONLDParserCallback
-</ins></a></code></td><td class="prmNullTrue"><ins class="diff-chg">
-✔
-</ins></td><td class="prmOptTrue"><ins class="diff-chg">
-✔
-</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-chg">
-A
-callback
-that
-is
-called
-whenever
-a
-processing
-error
-occurs
-on
-the
-given
-JSON-LD
-string.
-</ins></td></tr></table><div><em><ins class="diff-chg">
-No
-exceptions.
-</ins></em></div><div><em><ins class="diff-chg">
-Return
-type:
-</ins></em><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
-object
-</ins></a></code></div></dd></dl></div><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-The
-JSONLDParserCallback
-is
-called
-whenever
-a
-processing
-error
-occurs
-on
-input
-data.
-</ins></p><pre class="idl"><span class="idlInterface" id="idl-def-JSONLDProcessorCallback">[<span class="extAttr">NoInterfaceObject Callback</span>]
-<ins class="diff-chg">
-interface <span class="idlInterfaceID">JSONLDProcessorCallback</span> {
-</ins><span class="idlMethod"> <span class="idlMethType"><a>void</a></span> <span class="idlMethName"><a href="#widl-JSONLDProcessorCallback-error-void-DOMString-error">error</a></span> (<span class="idlParam">in <span class="idlParamType"><a>DOMString</a></span> <span class="idlParamName">error</span></span>);</span>
-<ins class="diff-chg">
-};</span>
-</ins></pre><div id="methods-1" class="section"><h4><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-9.3.2
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-Methods
-</ins></h4><dl class="methods"><dt id="widl-JSONLDProcessorCallback-error-void-DOMString-error"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-error
-</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
-This
-callback
-is
-invoked
-whenever
-an
-error
-occurs
-during
-processing.
-</ins><table class="parameters"><tr><th><ins class="diff-chg">
-Parameter
-</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
-Type
-</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
-Nullable
-</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
-Optional
-</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
-Description
-</ins></th></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-chg">
-error
-</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
-DOMString
-</ins></a></code></td><td class="prmNullFalse"><ins class="diff-chg">
-✘
-</ins></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><ins class="diff-chg">
-✘
-</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-chg">
-A
-descriptive
-error
-string
-returned
-by
-the
-processor.
-</ins></td></tr></table><div><em><ins class="diff-chg">
-No
-exceptions.
-</ins></em></div><div><em><ins class="diff-chg">
-Return
-type:
-</ins></em><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
-void
-</ins></a></code></div></dd></dl></div><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-The
-following
-example
-demonstrates
-how
-to
-convert
-JSON-LD
-to
-a
-projection
-that
-is
-directly
-usable
-in
-a
-programming
-environment:
-</ins></p><pre class="example">// retrieve JSON-LD from a Web Service
-<ins class="diff-chg">
-var jsonldString = fetchPerson();
-
-// This map, usually defined once per script, defines how to map incoming
-// JSON-LD to JavaScript objects
-var myTemplate = { "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name" : "name",
- "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age" : "age",
- "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage" : "homepage" };
-
-// Map the JSON-LD to a language-native object
-var person = jsonld.toProjection(jsonldString, myTemplate);
-
-// Use the language-native object
-alert(person.name + " is " + person.age + " years old. " +
-"Their
-homepage
-is:
-"
-+
-person.homepage);
-</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-A
-JSON-LD
-Serializer
-is
-also
-available
-to
-map
-a
-language-native
-object
-to
-JSON-LD.
-</ins></p><pre class="idl"><span class="idlInterface" id="idl-def-JSONLDSerializer">[<span class="extAttr">NoInterfaceObject</span>]
-<ins class="diff-chg">
-interface <span class="idlInterfaceID">JSONLDSerializer</span> {
-</ins><span class="idlMethod"> <span class="idlMethType"><a>DOMString</a></span> <span class="idlMethName"><a href="#widl-JSONLDSerializer-normalize-DOMString-object-obj">normalize</a></span> (<span class="idlParam">in <span class="idlParamType"><a>object</a></span> <span class="idlParamName">obj</span></span>);</span>
-<ins class="diff-chg">
-};</span>
-</ins></pre><div id="methods-2" class="section"><h4><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
-9.3.3
-</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
-Methods
-</ins></h4><dl class="methods"><dt id="widl-JSONLDSerializer-normalize-DOMString-object-obj"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-normalize
-</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
-Serializes
-a
-language-native
-object
-into
-a
-normalized
-JSON-LD
-string.
-Normalization
-is
-important
-when
-performing
-things
-like
-equality
-comparison
-and
-digital
-signature
-creation
-and
-verification.
-</ins><table class="parameters"><tr><th><ins class="diff-chg">
-Parameter
-</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
-Type
-</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
-Nullable
-</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
-Optional
-</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
-Description
-</ins></th></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-chg">
-obj
-</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
-object
-</ins></a></code></td><td class="prmNullFalse"><ins class="diff-chg">
-✘
-</ins></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><ins class="diff-chg">
-✘
-</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-chg">
-An
-associative
-array
-of
-key-value
-pairs
-that
-should
-be
-converted
-to
-a
-JSON-LD
-string.
-It
-is
-assumed
-that
-a
-map
-already
-exists
-for
-the
-data.
-</ins></td></tr></table><div><em><ins class="diff-chg">
-No
-exceptions.
-</ins></em></div><div><em><ins class="diff-chg">
-Return
-type:
-</ins></em><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
-DOMString
-</ins></a></code></div></dd></dl></div><h3 id="the-normalization-algorithm"><ins class="diff-chg">
-The
-Normalization
-Algorithm
-</ins></h3><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
-This
-algorithm
-is
-very
-rough,
-untested,
-and
-probably
-contains
-many
-bugs.
-Use
-at
-your
-own
-risk.
-It
-will
-change
-in
-the
-coming
-months.
-</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-The
-JSON-LD
-normalization
-algorithm
-is
-as
-follows:
-</ins></p><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-Remove
-the
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-@context
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-key
-and
-preserve
-it
-as
-the
-</ins><dfn title="transformation_map" id="dfn-transformation_map"><ins class="diff-chg">
-transformation
-map
-</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-chg">
-while
-running
-this
-algorithm.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-For
-each
-key
-</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-If
-the
-key
-is
-a
-CURIE,
-expand
-the
-CURIE
-to
-an
-IRI
-using
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="transformation_map" href="#dfn-transformation_map"><ins class="diff-chg">
-transformation
-map
-</ins></a>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-For
-each
-value
-</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-If
-the
-value
-should
-be
-type
-coerced
-per
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="transformation_map" href="#dfn-transformation_map"><ins class="diff-chg">
-transformation
-map
-</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
-ensure
-that
-it
-is
-transformed
-to
-the
-new
-value.
-</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-If
-the
-value
-is
-a
-CURIE,
-expand
-the
-CURIE
-to
-an
-IRI
-using
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="transformation_map" href="#dfn-transformation_map"><ins class="diff-chg">
-transformation
-map
-</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-If
-the
-value
-is
-a
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed_literal" href="#dfn-typed_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
-typed
-literal
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-and
-the
-type
-is
-a
-CURIE,
-expand
-it
-to
-an
-IRI
-using
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="transformation_map" href="#dfn-transformation_map"><ins class="diff-chg">
-transformation
-map
-</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-When
-generating
-the
-final
-value,
-use
-expanded
-object
-value
-form
-to
-store
-all
-IRIs,
-typed
-literals
-and
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="plain_literal" href="#dfn-plain_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
-plain
-literal
-</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
-s
-with
-language
-information.
-</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
-Output
-each
-sorted
-key-value
-pair
-without
-any
-extraneous
-whitespace.
-If
-the
-value
-is
-an
-associative
-array,
-perform
-this
-algorithm,
-starting
-at
-step
-#1,
-recursively
-on
-the
-sub-tree.
-There
-should
-be
-no
-nesting
-in
-the
-outputted
-JSON
-data.
-That
-is,
-the
-top-most
-element
-should
-be
-an
-array.
-Each
-item
-in
-the
-array
-contains
-a
-single
-subject
-with
-a
-corresponding
-array
-of
-properties
-in
-UTF-8
-sort
-order.
-Any
-related
-objects
-that
-are
-complex
-objects
-themselves
-should
-be
-given
-a
-top-level
-object
-in
-the
-top-level
-array.
-</ins></li></ol><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
-Note
-that
-normalizing
-named
-blank
-nodes
-is
-impossible
-at
-present
-since
-one
-would
-have
-to
-specify
-a
-blank
-node
-naming
-algorithm.
-For
-the
-time
-being,
-you
-cannot
-normalize
-graphs
-that
-contain
-named
-blank
-nodes.
-However,
-normalizing
-graphs
-that
-contain
-non-named
-blank
-nodes
-is
-supported.
-</ins></p><pre class="example">var myObj = { "@context" : {
-<ins class="diff-chg">
- "xsd" : "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
- "name" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
- "age" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age",
- "homepage" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
- "@coerce": {
- "xsd:nonNegativeInteger": "age",
- "xsd:anyURI": "homepage"
- }
- },
- "name" : "Joe Jackson",
- "age" : "42",
- "homepage" : "http://example.org/people/joe" };
-
-// Map the language-native object to JSON-LD
-var
-jsonldText
-=
-jsonld.normalize(myObj);
-</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-After
-the
-code
-in
-the
-example
-above
-has
-executed,
-the
-</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
-jsonldText
-</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
-value
-will
-be
-(line-breaks
-added
-for
-readability):
-</ins></p><pre class="example">[{"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age":{"@datatype":"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger","@literal":"42"},
-<ins class="diff-chg">
-"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage":{"@iri":"http://example.org/people/joe"},
-"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name":"Joe
-Jackson"}]
-</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-When
-normalizing
-</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
-xsd:double
-</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
-values,
-implementers
-</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-chg">
-must
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
-ensure
-that
-the
-normalized
-value
-is
-a
-string.
-In
-order
-to
-generate
-the
-string
-from
-a
-</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
-double
-</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
-value,
-output
-equivalent
-to
-the
-</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
-printf("%1.6e",
-value)
-</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
-function
-in
-C
-</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-chg">
-must
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
-be
-used
-where
-</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
-"%1.6e"
-</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
-is
-the
-string
-formatter
-and
-</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
-value
-</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
-is
-the
-value
-to
-be
-converted.
-</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
-To
-convert
-the
-a
-double
-value
-in
-JavaScript,
-implementers
-can
-use
-the
-following
-snippet
-of
-code:
-</ins></p><pre class="example">// the variable 'value' below is the JavaScript native double value that is to be converted
-<ins class="diff-chg">
-(value).toExponential(6).replace(/(e(?:\+|-))([0-9])$/,
-'$10$2')
-</ins></pre><p class="note"><ins class="diff-chg">
-When
-data
-needs
-to
-be
-normalized,
-JSON-LD
-authors
-should
-not
-use
-values
-that
-are
-going
-to
-undergo
-automatic
-conversion.
-This
-is
-due
-to
-the
-lossy
-nature
-of
-</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
-xsd:double
-</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
-values.
-</ins></p><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
-Round-tripping
-data
-can
-be
-problematic
-if
-we
-mix
-and
-match
-@coerce
-rules
-with
-JSON-native
-datatypes,
-like
-integers.
-Consider
-the
-following
-code
-example:
-</ins></p><pre class="example">var myObj = { "@context" : {
-<ins class="diff-chg">
- "number" : "http://example.com/vocab#number",
- "@coerce": {
- "xsd:nonNegativeInteger": "number"
- }
- },
- "number" : 42 };
-
-// Map the language-native object to JSON-LD
-var jsonldText = jsonld.normalize(myObj);
-
-// Convert the normalized object back to a JavaScript object
-var
-myObj2
-=
-jsonld.parse(jsonldText);
-</ins></pre><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
-At
-this
-point,
-myObj2
-and
-myObj
-will
-have
-different
-values
-for
-the
-"number"
-value.
-myObj
-will
-be
-the
-number
-42,
-while
-myObj2
-will
-be
-the
-string
-"42".
-This
-type
-of
-data
-round-tripping
-error
-can
-bite
-developers.
-We
-are
-currently
-wondering
-if
-having
-a
-"coerce
-validation"
-phase
-in
-the
-parsing/normalization
-phases
-would
-be
-a
-good
-idea.
-It
-would
-prevent
-data
-round-tripping
-issues
-like
-the
-one
-mentioned
-above.
-</ins></p></div></div><div class="appendix section" id="the-default-context">
-<h2>
-<span class="secno">
-A.
-</span>
-<ins class="diff-new">The
-Default
-Context
-</ins></h2><p><ins class="diff-new">
-The
-</ins><dfn title="default_context" id="dfn-default_context-1"><ins class="diff-new">
-default
-context
-</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-new">
-is
-provided
-to
-ensure
-that
-there
-are
-a
-reasonable
-set
-of
-prefixes
-and
-terms
-available
-to
-all
-JSON-LD
-developers.
-Mappings
-specified
-by
-the
-</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default_context" href="#dfn-default_context-1"><ins class="diff-new">
-default
-context
-</ins></a><em class="rfc2119" title="should not"><ins class="diff-new">
-should
-not
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
-be
-overwritten
-by
-JSON-LD
-authors.
-All
-JSON-LD
-processors
-</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-new">
-must
-</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
-load
-the
-following
-context
-in
-as
-the
-intial
-context
-before
-processing
-JSON-LD
-text.
-</ins></p><pre>{
-<ins class="diff-new">
- "@context":
- {
- "@vocab": "",
- "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
- "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
- "owl": "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#",
- "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
- "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/",
- "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/",
- "cal": "http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/ical#",
- "vcard": "http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns# ",
- "geo": "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#",
- "cc": "http://creativecommons.org/ns#",
- "sioc": "http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#",
- "doap": "http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#",
- "com": "http://purl.org/commerce#",
- "ps": "http://purl.org/payswarm#",
- "gr": "http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#",
- "sig": "http://purl.org/signature#",
- "ccard": "http://purl.org/commerce/creditcard#"
- "@coerce":
- {
- "xsd:anyURI": ["rdf:type", "rdf:rest", "foaf:homepage", "foaf:member"],
- "xsd:integer": "foaf:age"
- }
- }
-}
-</ins></pre></div><div class="appendix section" id="acknowledgements"><h2><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
-B.
-</ins></span>
-Acknowledgements
-</h2>
-<p>
-The
-editor
-would
-like
-to
-thank
-Mark
-Birbeck,
-who
-provided
-a
-great
-deal
-of
-the
-rationale
-and
-reasoning
-behind
-the
-JSON-LD
-work
-via
-his
-work
-on
-RDFj,
-<ins class="diff-new">Dave
-Longley
-who
-reviewed,
-provided
-feedback,
-and
-performed
-several
-implementation
-on
-the
-specification,
-</ins>
-and
-Ian
-Davis,
-who
-created
-RDF/JSON.
-<ins class="diff-new">Thanks
-also
-to
-Nathan
-Rixham,
-Bradley
-P.
-Allen
-and
-Richard
-Cyganiak
-for
-their
-input
-on
-the
-specification.
-</ins>
-</p>
-</div>
-<div id="respec-err" style="position: fixed; width: 350px; top: 10px; right: 10px; border: 3px double #f00; background: #fff" class="removeOnSave">
-<ul>
-<li style="color: #c00">
-<ins class="diff-new">There
-appears
-to
-have
-been
-a
-problem
-fetching
-the
-style
-sheet;
-status=0
-</ins></li></ul></div>
-<div id="references" class="appendix section">
-<h2>
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">B.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">C.
-</ins>
-</span>
-References
-</h2>
-<div id="normative-references" class="section">
-<h3>
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">B.1
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">C.1
-</ins>
-</span>
-Normative
-references
-</h3>
-<dl class="bibliography">
-<dt id="bib-BCP47">
-<ins class="diff-new">[BCP47]
-</ins></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
-A.
-Phillips,
-M.
-Davis.
-</ins><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt"><cite><ins class="diff-new">
-Tags
-for
-Identifying
-Languages
-</ins></cite></a><ins class="diff-new">
-September
-2009.
-IETF
-Best
-Current
-Practice.
-URL:
-</ins><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt"><ins class="diff-new">
-http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt
-</ins></a></dd><dt id="bib-RDF-API"><ins class="diff-new">
-[RDF-API]
-</ins></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
-Manu
-Sporny,
-Benjamin
-Adrian,
-Nathan
-Rixham;
-et
-al.
-</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/2010/02/rdfa/sources/rdf-api/"><cite><ins class="diff-new">
-RDF
-API
-</ins></cite></a><ins class="diff-new">
-Latest.
-W3C
-Editor's
-Draft.
-URL:
-</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/2010/02/rdfa/sources/rdf-api/"><ins class="diff-new">
-http://www.w3.org/2010/02/rdfa/sources/rdf-api/
-</ins></a></dd><dt id="bib-RDF-CONCEPTS"><ins class="diff-new">
-[RDF-CONCEPTS]
-</ins></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
-Graham
-Klyne;
-Jeremy
-J.
-Carroll.
-</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210"><cite><ins class="diff-new">
-Resource
-Description
-Framework
-(RDF):
-Concepts
-and
-Abstract
-Syntax.
-</ins></cite></a><ins class="diff-new">
-10
-February
-2004.
-W3C
-Recommendation.
-URL:
-</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210"><ins class="diff-new">
-http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210
-</ins></a></dd><dt id="bib-RDF-INTERFACES"><ins class="diff-new">
-[RDF-INTERFACES]
-</ins></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
-Nathan
-Rixham,
-Manu
-Sporny,
-Benjamin
-Adrian;
-et
-al.
-</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/2010/02/rdfa/sources/rdf-interfaces/"><cite><ins class="diff-new">
-RDF
-Interfaces
-</ins></cite></a><ins class="diff-new">
-Latest.
-W3C
-Editor's
-Draft.
-URL:
-</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/2010/02/rdfa/sources/rdf-interfaces/"><ins class="diff-new">
-http://www.w3.org/2010/02/rdfa/sources/rdf-interfaces/
-</ins></a></dd><dt id="bib-RFC3987"><ins class="diff-new">
-[RFC3987]
-</ins></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
-M.
-D�rst;
-M.
-Suignard.
-</ins><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><cite><ins class="diff-new">
-Internationalized
-Resource
-Identifiers
-(IRIs).
-</ins></cite></a><ins class="diff-new">
-January
-2005.
-Internet
-RFC
-3987.
-URL:
-</ins><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><ins class="diff-new">
-http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt
-</ins></a></dd>
-<dt id="bib-RFC4627">
-[RFC4627]
-</dt>
-<dd>
-D.
-<del class="diff-old">Crockford
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">Crockford.
-</ins>
-<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt">
-<cite>
-The
-application/json
-Media
-Type
-for
-JavaScript
-Object
-Notation
-(JSON)
-</cite>
-</a>
-July
-2006.
-Internet
-RFC
-4627.
-URL:
-<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt">
-http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt
-</a>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-</div>
-<div id="informative-references" class="section">
-<h3>
-<span class="secno">
-<del class="diff-old">B.2
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">C.2
-</ins>
-</span>
-Informative
-references
-</h3>
-<dl class="bibliography">
-<dt id="bib-MICRODATA">
-[MICRODATA]
-</dt>
-<dd>
-Ian
-Hickson;
-et
-al.
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/microdata/">
-<cite>
-Microdata
-</cite>
-</a>
-04
-March
-2010.
-W3C
-Working
-Draft.
-URL:
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/microdata/">
-http://www.w3.org/TR/microdata/
-</a>
-</dd>
-<dt id="bib-MICROFORMATS">
-[MICROFORMATS]
-</dt>
-<dd>
-<a href="http://microformats.org">
-<cite>
-Microformats
-</cite>
-</a>.
-URL:
-<a href="http://microformats.org">
-http://microformats.org
-</a>
-</dd>
-<dt id="bib-RDFA-CORE">
-[RDFA-CORE]
-</dt>
-<dd>
-Shane
-McCarron;
-et
-al.
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-rdfa-core-20110331">
-<cite>
-RDFa
-Core
-1.1:
-Syntax
-and
-processing
-rules
-for
-embedding
-RDF
-through
-attributes.
-</cite>
-</a>
-<del class="diff-old">22
-April
-2010.
-</del>
-<ins class="diff-chg">31
-March
-2011.
-</ins>
-W3C
-Working
-Draft.
-URL:
-<del class="diff-old">http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-rdfa-core-20100422
-</del>
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-rdfa-core-20110331">
-<ins class="diff-chg">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-rdfa-core-20110331
-</ins>
-</a>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-</div>
-</div>
-</body>
-</html>
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
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+
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+}
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+.diff-old:after
+ { content: "\2193" }
+:focus { border: thin red solid}
+</style>
+</head>
+<body style="display: inherit; ">
+<div class="head">
+<p>
+</p>
+<h1 class="title" id="title">
+JSON-LD
+-
+Linked
+Data
+Expression
+in
+JSON
+</h1>
+<h2 id="subtitle">
+A
+Context-based
+JSON
+Serialization
+for
+Linked
+Data
+</h2>
+<h2 id="unofficial-draft-15-june-2011">
+Unofficial
+Draft
+<del class="diff-old">30
+May
+2010
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">15
+June
+2011
+</ins>
+</h2>
+<dl>
+<dt>
+<del class="diff-old">Editor:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Editors:
+</ins>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<a href="http://digitalbazaar.com/">
+Manu
+Sporny
+</a>,
+<a href="http://digitalbazaar.com/">
+Digital
+Bazaar,
+Inc.
+</a>
+</dd>
+<dd>
+<a href="http://greggkellogg.net/">
+<ins class="diff-new">Gregg
+Kellogg
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+Kellogg
+Associates
+</ins></dd>
+<dt>
+Authors:
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<a href="http://webbackplane.com/">
+Mark
+Birbeck
+</a>,
+<a href="http://webbackplane.com/">
+Backplane
+Ltd.
+</a>
+</dd>
+<dd>
+<a href="http://digitalbazaar.com/">
+Manu
+Sporny
+</a>,
+<a href="http://digitalbazaar.com/">
+Digital
+Bazaar,
+Inc.
+</a>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<p class="copyright">
+This
+document
+is
+licensed
+under
+a
+<a class="subfoot" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/" rel="license">
+Creative
+Commons
+Attribution
+3.0
+License
+</a>.
+</p>
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div id="abstract" class="introductory section">
+<h2>
+Abstract
+</h2>
+<p>
+Developers
+that
+embed
+structured
+data
+in
+their
+Web
+pages
+can
+choose
+among
+a
+number
+of
+languages
+such
+as
+RDFa
+[
+<cite>
+<a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDFA-CORE">
+RDFA-CORE
+</a>
+</cite>
+],
+Microformats
+[
+<cite>
+<a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-MICROFORMATS">
+MICROFORMATS
+</a>
+</cite>
+]
+and
+Microdata
+[
+<cite>
+<a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-MICRODATA">
+MICRODATA
+</a>
+</cite>
+].
+Each
+of
+these
+structured
+data
+languages,
+while
+incompatible
+at
+the
+syntax
+level,
+can
+be
+easily
+mapped
+to
+RDF.
+JSON
+has
+proven
+to
+be
+a
+highly
+useful
+object
+serialization
+and
+messaging
+<del class="diff-old">replacement
+for
+SOAP.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">format.
+</ins>
+In
+an
+attempt
+to
+harmonize
+the
+representation
+of
+<del class="diff-old">Link
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Linked
+</ins>
+Data
+in
+JSON,
+this
+specification
+outlines
+a
+common
+JSON
+representation
+format
+for
+Linked
+Data
+that
+can
+be
+used
+to
+represent
+objects
+specified
+via
+RDFa,
+Microformats
+and
+Microdata.
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id="sotd" class="introductory section">
+<h2>
+Status
+of
+This
+Document
+</h2>
+<p>
+This
+document
+is
+merely
+a
+public
+working
+draft
+of
+a
+potential
+specification.
+It
+has
+no
+official
+standing
+of
+any
+kind
+and
+does
+not
+represent
+the
+support
+or
+consensus
+of
+any
+standards
+organisation.
+</p>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">This
+document
+is
+an
+experimental
+work
+in
+progress.
+</ins></p>
+</div>
+<div id="toc" class="section">
+<h2 class="introductory">
+Table
+of
+Contents
+</h2>
+<ul class="toc">
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#introduction" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+1.
+</span>
+<ins class="diff-new">Introduction
+</ins></a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#how-to-read-this-document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+1.1
+</ins></span>
+How
+to
+Read
+this
+Document
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#contributing" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">2.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">1.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Introduction
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Contributing
+</ins>
+</a>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#design-goals-and-rationale" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">3.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">2.
+</ins>
+</span>
+Design
+Goals
+<ins class="diff-new">and
+Rationale
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ul class="toc">
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#goals" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">2.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Design
+Rationale
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Goals
+</ins>
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#map-terms-to-iris" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">2.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+Map
+Terms
+to
+IRIs
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#the-json-ld-context" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">2.3
+</ins>
+</span>
+The
+<del class="diff-old">Default
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+</ins>
+Context
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#unambiguous-identifiers-for-json" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<ins class="diff-new">2.4
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
+Unambiguous
+Identifiers
+for
+JSON
+</ins></a></li><li class="tocline">
+<a href="#mashing-up-vocabularies" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.3
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">2.5
+</ins>
+</span>
+Mashing
+Up
+Vocabularies
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#an-example-of-a-context" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.4
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">2.6
+</ins>
+</span>
+An
+Example
+of
+a
+<del class="diff-old">Default
+</del>
+Context
+</a>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#markup-examples" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.5
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.
+</ins>
+</span>
+Markup
+Examples
+</a>
+<ul class="toc">
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#rdfa" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.5.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+RDFa
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#microformats" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.5.2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+Microformats
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#microdata" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.5.3
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.3
+</ins>
+</span>
+Microdata
+</a>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#markup-of-rdf-concepts" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.
+</ins>
+</span>
+Markup
+of
+RDF
+Concepts
+</a>
+<ul class="toc">
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#iris" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+IRIs
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#identifying-the-subject" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+Identifying
+the
+Subject
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#specifying-the-type" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.3
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.3
+</ins>
+</span>
+Specifying
+the
+Type
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#plain-literals" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.4
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.4
+</ins>
+</span>
+Plain
+Literals
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#language-specification-in-plain-literals" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.5
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.5
+</ins>
+</span>
+Language
+Specification
+in
+Plain
+Literals
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#typed-literals" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.6
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.6
+</ins>
+</span>
+Typed
+Literals
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#multiple-objects-for-a-single-property" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.7
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.7
+</ins>
+</span>
+Multiple
+Objects
+for
+a
+Single
+Property
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#multiple-typed-literals-for-a-single-property" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.8
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.8
+</ins>
+</span>
+Multiple
+Typed
+Literals
+for
+a
+Single
+Property
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#blank-nodes" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.9
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.9
+</ins>
+</span>
+Blank
+Nodes
+</a>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#advanced-features" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.10
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">5.
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Escape
+Character
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Advanced
+Features
+</ins>
+</a>
+<ul class="toc">
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#automatic-typing" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.11
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">5.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+Automatic
+Typing
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#type-coercion" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<ins class="diff-new">5.2
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
+Type
+Coercion
+</ins></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#the-json-ld-processing-algorithm" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<ins class="diff-chg">6.
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+JSON-LD
+Processing
+Algorithm
+</ins></a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#overview" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+6.1
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Overview
+</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#processing-algorithm-terms" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+6.2
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Processing
+Algorithm
+Terms
+</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#processing-tokens-and-keywords" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+6.3
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Processing
+Tokens
+and
+Keywords
+</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#context" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+6.4
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Context
+</ins></a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#coerce" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+6.4.1
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Coerce
+</ins></a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#chaining" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+6.5
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Chaining
+</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#iri-processing" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+6.6
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+Processing
+</ins></a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#sequence" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+7.
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Sequence
+</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#best-practices" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+8.
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Best
+Practices
+</ins></a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#javascript" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+8.1
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+JavaScript
+</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#schema-less-databases" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+8.2
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Schema-less
+Databases
+</ins></a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#advanced-concepts" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+9.
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Advanced
+Concepts
+</ins></a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#vocabulary-profiles" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+9.1
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Vocabulary
+Profiles
+</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#disjoint-graphs" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+9.2
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Disjoint
+Graphs
+</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#the-json-ld-api" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+9.3
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+JSON-LD
+API
+</ins></a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#methods" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+9.3.1
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Methods
+</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#methods-1" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+9.3.2
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Methods
+</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#methods-2" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+9.3.3
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Methods
+</ins></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#the-default-context" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+A.
+</span>
+<ins class="diff-new">The
+Default
+Context
+</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+B.
+</ins></span>
+Acknowledgements
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#references" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">B.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">C.
+</ins>
+</span>
+References
+</a>
+<ul class="toc">
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">B.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">C.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+Normative
+references
+</a>
+</li>
+<li class="tocline">
+<a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref">
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">B.2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">C.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+Informative
+references
+</a>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div id="introduction" class="section">
+<h2>
+<span class="secno">
+1.
+</span>
+<ins class="diff-new">Introduction
+</ins></h2><p><ins class="diff-new">
+JSON-LD
+is
+designed
+as
+a
+light-weight
+syntax
+that
+can
+be
+used
+to
+express
+Linked
+Data.
+It
+is
+primarily
+intended
+to
+be
+a
+way
+to
+express
+Linked
+Data
+in
+Javascript
+and
+other
+Web-based
+programming
+environments.
+It
+is
+also
+useful
+when
+building
+interoperable
+Web
+Services
+and
+when
+storing
+Linked
+Data
+in
+JSON-based
+document
+storage
+engines.
+It
+is
+practical
+and
+designed
+to
+be
+as
+simple
+as
+possible,
+utilizing
+the
+large
+number
+of
+JSON
+parsers
+and
+existing
+code
+that
+is
+in
+use
+today.
+It
+is
+designed
+to
+be
+able
+to
+express
+key-value
+pairs,
+RDF
+data,
+Microformats
+data,
+and
+Microdata.
+That
+is,
+it
+supports
+every
+major
+Web-based
+structured
+data
+model
+in
+use
+today.
+It
+does
+not
+require
+anyone
+to
+change
+their
+JSON,
+but
+easily
+add
+meaning
+by
+adding
+context
+in
+a
+way
+that
+is
+out-of-band.
+The
+syntax
+is
+designed
+to
+not
+disturb
+already
+deployed
+systems
+running
+on
+JSON,
+but
+provide
+a
+smooth
+migration
+path
+from
+JSON
+to
+JSON
+with
+added
+semantics.
+Finally,
+the
+format
+is
+intended
+to
+be
+fast
+to
+parse,
+fast
+to
+generate,
+stream-based
+and
+document-based
+processing
+compatible,
+and
+require
+a
+very
+small
+memory
+footprint
+in
+order
+to
+operate.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-new">
+JSON,
+as
+specified
+in
+[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC4627"><ins class="diff-new">
+RFC4627
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-new">
+],
+is
+a
+simple
+language
+for
+representing
+objects
+on
+the
+web.
+Linked
+Data
+is
+a
+way
+of
+describing
+content
+across
+different
+documents,
+or
+web
+resources.
+Web
+resources
+are
+described
+using
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="IRI" href="#dfn-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+s,
+and
+typically
+are
+dereferencable
+entities
+that
+may
+be
+used
+to
+find
+more
+information,
+creating
+a
+"web
+of
+knowledge".
+JSON-LD
+is
+intended
+to
+be
+a
+simple
+publishing
+method
+for
+expressing
+linked
+data
+in
+JSON.
+</ins></p><div id="how-to-read-this-document" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+1.1
+</ins></span>
+How
+to
+Read
+this
+Document
+</h3>
+<p>
+This
+document
+is
+a
+detailed
+specification
+for
+a
+serialization
+of
+JSON
+for
+Linked
+data.
+The
+document
+is
+primarily
+intended
+for
+the
+following
+audiences:
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Developers
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Web
+developers
+that
+want
+to
+understand
+the
+design
+decisions
+and
+language
+syntax
+for
+JSON-LD.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Software
+developers
+</ins>
+that
+want
+to
+encode
+Microformats,
+RDFa,
+or
+Microdata
+in
+a
+way
+that
+is
+cross-language
+compatible
+via
+JSON.
+</li>
+<li>
+<del class="diff-old">Developers
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Software
+developers
+</ins>
+that
+want
+to
+<del class="diff-old">understand
+the
+encoding
+possibilities.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">write
+processors
+for
+JSON-LD.
+</ins>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p>
+To
+understand
+this
+specification
+you
+must
+first
+be
+familiar
+with
+JSON,
+which
+is
+detailed
+in
+[
+<cite>
+<a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC4627">
+RFC4627
+</a>
+</cite>
+<ins class="diff-new">]
+and
+RDF
+as
+described
+in
+[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-CONCEPTS"><ins class="diff-new">
+RDF-CONCEPTS
+</ins></a></cite>
+].
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id="contributing" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<ins class="diff-chg">1.2
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Contributing
+</ins></h3>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">This
+document
+is
+an
+experimental
+work
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">There
+are
+a
+number
+of
+ways
+that
+one
+may
+participate
+</ins>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">progress.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">the
+development
+of
+this
+specification:
+</ins>
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-new">All
+comments
+and
+discussion
+takes
+place
+on
+the
+public
+mailing
+list:
+</ins><a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-linked-json/"><ins class="diff-new">
+public-linked-json@w3.org
+</ins></a></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Specification
+bugs
+and
+issues
+should
+be
+reported
+in
+the
+</ins><a href="https://github.com/json-ld/json-ld.org/issues"><ins class="diff-new">
+issue
+tracker
+</ins></a>.</li><li><a href="https://github.com/json-ld/json-ld.org/tree/master/spec"><ins class="diff-new">
+Source
+code
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+for
+the
+specification
+can
+be
+found
+on
+Github.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+The
+</ins><a href="http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=#json-ld"><ins class="diff-new">
+#json-ld
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+IRC
+channel
+is
+available
+for
+real-time
+discussion
+on
+irc.freenode.net.
+</ins></li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="design-goals-and-rationale" class="section">
+<h2>
+<span class="secno">
+2.
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Introduction
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Design
+Goals
+and
+Rationale
+</ins>
+</h2>
+<del class="diff-old">Need
+to
+write
+introduction...
+</del>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+following
+section
+outlines
+the
+design
+goals
+and
+rationale
+behind
+the
+JSON-LD
+markup
+language.
+</ins>
+</p>
+<div id="goals" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">3.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">2.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Design
+</del>
+Goals
+</h3>
+<p>
+A
+number
+of
+design
+considerations
+were
+explored
+during
+the
+creation
+of
+this
+markup
+language:
+</p>
+<dl>
+<dt>
+Simplicity
+</dt>
+<dd>
+Developers
+don't
+need
+to
+know
+RDF
+in
+order
+to
+use
+the
+basic
+functionality
+provided
+by
+JSON-LD.
+</dd>
+<dt>
+Compatibility
+</dt>
+<dd>
+The
+JSON-LD
+markup
+should
+be
+100%
+compatible
+with
+JSON.
+</dd>
+<dt>
+Expressiveness
+</dt>
+<dd>
+All
+major
+RDF
+concepts
+must
+be
+expressible
+via
+the
+JSON-LD
+syntax.
+</dd>
+<dt>
+Terseness
+</dt>
+<dd>
+The
+JSON-LD
+syntax
+must
+be
+very
+terse
+and
+human
+readable.
+</dd>
+<del class="diff-old">4.
+Design
+Rationale
+The
+following
+section
+outlines
+the
+rationale
+behind
+</del>
+<dt>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Zero
+Edits,
+most
+of
+</ins>
+the
+<ins class="diff-new">time
+</ins></dt><dd>
+JSON-LD
+<del class="diff-old">markup
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">provides
+a
+mechanism
+that
+allows
+developers
+to
+specify
+context
+in
+a
+way
+that
+is
+out-of-band.
+This
+allows
+organizations
+that
+have
+already
+deployed
+large
+JSON-based
+infrastructure
+to
+add
+meaning
+to
+their
+JSON
+in
+a
+way
+that
+is
+not
+disruptive
+to
+their
+day-to-day
+operations
+and
+is
+transparent
+to
+their
+current
+customers.
+At
+times,
+mapping
+JSON
+to
+RDF
+can
+become
+difficult
+-
+in
+these
+instances,
+rather
+than
+having
+JSON-LD
+support
+esoteric
+markup,
+we
+chose
+not
+to
+support
+the
+use
+case
+and
+support
+a
+simplified
+syntax
+instead.
+So,
+while
+we
+strive
+for
+Zero
+Edits,
+it
+was
+not
+always
+possible
+without
+adding
+great
+complexity
+to
+the
+</ins>
+language.
+</dd>
+<dt>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Streaming
+</ins></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+format
+supports
+both
+document-based
+and
+stream-based
+processing.
+</ins></dd></dl></div>
+<div id="map-terms-to-iris" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">2.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+Map
+Terms
+to
+IRIs
+</h3>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-new">An
+Internationalized
+Resource
+Identifier
+(
+</ins><dfn title="IRI" id="dfn-iri"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></abbr></dfn><ins class="diff-new">
+)
+as
+described
+in
+[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3987"><ins class="diff-new">
+RFC3987
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-new">
+],
+is
+a
+mechanism
+for
+representing
+unique
+identifiers
+on
+the
+web.
+In
+Linked
+Data,
+IRIs
+(or
+URI
+references)
+are
+commonly
+used
+for
+describing
+entities
+and
+properties.
+</ins></p><p>
+Establishing
+a
+mechanism
+to
+map
+JSON
+values
+to
+IRIs
+will
+help
+in
+the
+mapping
+of
+JSON
+objects
+to
+RDF.
+This
+does
+not
+mean
+that
+JSON-LD
+must
+be
+restrictive
+in
+declaring
+a
+set
+of
+terms,
+rather,
+experimentation
+and
+innovation
+should
+be
+supported
+as
+part
+of
+the
+core
+design
+of
+JSON-LD.
+There
+are,
+however,
+a
+number
+of
+very
+small
+design
+<del class="diff-old">criterial
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">criteria
+</ins>
+that
+can
+ensure
+that
+developers
+will
+generate
+good
+RDF
+data
+that
+will
+create
+value
+for
+the
+greater
+semantic
+web
+community
+and
+JSON/REST-based
+Web
+Services
+community.
+</p>
+<p>
+We
+will
+be
+using
+the
+following
+JSON
+object
+as
+the
+example
+for
+this
+section:
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{"a" : "Person",
+ "name" : "Manu Sporny",
+"homepage"
+:
+"http://manu.sporny.org/"}
+</del>
+<pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "a": "Person",
+ "name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
+ "avatar": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"
+}
+</ins>
+</pre>
+</div>
+<div id="the-json-ld-context" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">2.3
+</ins>
+</span>
+The
+<del class="diff-old">Default
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+</ins>
+Context
+</h3>
+<p>
+A
+<del class="diff-old">default
+</del>
+context
+is
+used
+<del class="diff-old">in
+RDFa
+</del>
+to
+allow
+developers
+to
+use
+<del class="diff-old">keywords
+as
+</del>
+aliases
+for
+<del class="diff-old">IRIs.
+So,
+for
+instance,
+the
+keyword
+name
+above
+could
+refer
+to
+the
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="IRI" href="#dfn-iri">
+IRI
+<del class="diff-old">http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name
+.
+</del>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">s.
+</ins>
+The
+semantic
+web,
+just
+like
+the
+document-based
+web,
+uses
+IRIs
+for
+unambiguous
+identification.
+The
+idea
+is
+that
+these
+terms
+mean
+something,
+which
+you
+will
+eventually
+want
+to
+query.
+<ins class="diff-new">A
+context
+allows
+the
+expression
+of
+a
+number
+of
+terms
+which
+map
+directly
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="IRI" href="#dfn-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+s.
+For
+example,
+the
+term
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+name
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+may
+map
+directly
+to
+the
+IRI
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name
+</ins></code>.<ins class="diff-new">
+This
+allows
+JSON-LD
+documents
+to
+be
+constructed
+using
+common
+JSON
+syntax
+of
+using
+simple
+name/value
+pairs.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-new">
+To
+reduce
+the
+number
+of
+different
+terms
+that
+must
+be
+defined,
+JSON-LD
+also
+allows
+terms
+to
+be
+used
+to
+expand
+Compact
+URIs
+(
+</ins><abbr title="Compact URI"><ins class="diff-new">
+CURIE
+</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
+).
+</ins>
+The
+semantic
+web
+specifies
+this
+via
+<em>
+Vocabulary
+Documents
+<del class="diff-old">.
+The
+</del>
+</em>,
+<ins class="diff-chg">in
+which
+a
+prefix
+is
+associated
+with
+a
+document,
+and
+a
+suffix
+is
+used
+to
+create
+an
+IRI
+based
+on
+this
+vocabulary.
+For
+example,
+the
+</ins>
+IRI
+<em>
+http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
+</em>
+specifies
+a
+Vocabulary
+Document,
+and
+<strong>
+name
+</strong>
+is
+a
+term
+in
+that
+vocabulary.
+<del class="diff-old">Paste
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Join
+</ins>
+the
+two
+items
+together
+and
+you
+have
+an
+unambiguous
+identifier
+for
+a
+<ins class="diff-new">vocabulary
+</ins>
+term.
+<ins class="diff-new">The
+Compact
+URI
+Expression,
+or
+short-form,
+is
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+foaf:name
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+the
+expanded-form
+is
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name
+</ins></code>.<ins class="diff-new">
+This
+vocabulary
+term
+identifies
+the
+given
+name
+for
+something,
+for
+example
+-
+a
+person's
+name.
+</ins>
+</p>
+<p>
+Developers,
+and
+machines,
+would
+be
+able
+to
+use
+this
+IRI
+(plugging
+it
+directly
+into
+a
+web
+browser,
+for
+instance)
+to
+go
+to
+the
+term
+and
+get
+a
+definition
+of
+what
+the
+term
+means.
+Much
+like
+we
+can
+use
+WordNet
+today
+to
+see
+the
+<a href="http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=definition">
+definition
+</a>
+of
+words
+in
+the
+English
+language.
+Machines
+need
+the
+same
+sort
+of
+dictionary
+of
+terms,
+and
+URIs
+provide
+a
+way
+to
+ensure
+that
+these
+terms
+are
+unambiguous.
+</p>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">Non-prefixed
+terms
+should
+have
+term
+mappings
+declared
+in
+the
+default
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+</ins>
+context
+<del class="diff-old">so
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">provides
+a
+collection
+of
+vocabulary
+terms
+</ins>
+that
+<del class="diff-old">they
+may
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">can
+</ins>
+be
+<del class="diff-old">expanded
+later.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">used
+for
+a
+JSON
+object.
+</ins>
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id="unambiguous-identifiers-for-json" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<ins class="diff-new">2.4
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
+Unambiguous
+Identifiers
+for
+JSON
+</ins></h3>
+<p>
+If
+a
+set
+of
+terms,
+like
+<strong>
+Person
+</strong>,
+<strong>
+name
+</strong>,
+and
+<strong>
+homepage
+</strong>,
+are
+<del class="diff-old">pre-defined
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">defined
+</ins>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">the
+default
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+</ins>
+context,
+and
+that
+context
+is
+used
+to
+resolve
+the
+names
+in
+JSON
+objects,
+machines
+could
+automatically
+expand
+the
+terms
+to
+something
+meaningful
+and
+unambiguous,
+like
+this:
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">",
+ "" : "Manu Sporny",
+"
+http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage
+"
+:
+"
+<
+http://manu.sporny.org
+>
+"}
+</del>
+<pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "<span class="diff">http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type</span>": "<span class="diff">http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person</span>",
+ "<span class="diff">http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name</span>": "Manu Sporny",
+ "<span class="diff">http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage</span>": "http://manu.sporny.org"
+ "<span class="diff">http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#avatar</span>": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"
+}
+</ins>
+</pre>
+<del class="diff-old">In
+order
+to
+differentiate
+between
+plain
+text
+and
+IRIs,
+the
+<
+and
+>
+are
+used
+around
+IRIs.
+</del>
+<p>
+Doing
+this
+would
+mean
+that
+JSON
+would
+start
+to
+become
+unambiguously
+machine-readable,
+play
+well
+with
+the
+semantic
+web,
+and
+basic
+markup
+wouldn't
+be
+that
+much
+more
+complex
+than
+basic
+JSON
+markup.
+A
+win,
+all
+around.
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id="mashing-up-vocabularies" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.3
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">2.5
+</ins>
+</span>
+Mashing
+Up
+Vocabularies
+</h3>
+<p>
+Developers
+would
+also
+benefit
+by
+allowing
+other
+vocabularies
+to
+be
+used
+automatically
+with
+their
+JSON
+API.
+There
+are
+over
+200
+Vocabulary
+Documents
+that
+are
+available
+for
+use
+on
+the
+Web
+today.
+Some
+of
+these
+vocabularies
+are:
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-new">RDF
+-
+for
+describing
+information
+about
+objects
+on
+the
+semantic
+web.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+RDFS
+-
+for
+expressing
+things
+like
+labels
+and
+comments.
+</ins></li><li>
+XSD
+-
+for
+specifying
+basic
+types
+like
+strings,
+integers,
+dates
+and
+times.
+</li>
+<li>
+Dublin
+Core
+-
+for
+describing
+creative
+works.
+</li>
+<li>
+FOAF
+-
+for
+describing
+social
+networks.
+</li>
+<li>
+Calendar
+-
+for
+specifying
+events.
+</li>
+<li>
+SIOC
+-
+for
+describing
+discussions
+on
+blogs
+and
+websites.
+</li>
+<li>
+CCrel
+-
+for
+describing
+Creative
+Commons
+and
+other
+types
+of
+licenses.
+</li>
+<li>
+GEO
+-
+for
+describing
+geographic
+location.
+</li>
+<li>
+VCard
+-
+for
+describing
+organizations
+and
+people.
+</li>
+<li>
+DOAP
+-
+for
+describing
+projects.
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">A
+JSON-LD
+Web
+Service
+could
+define
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Since
+</ins>
+these
+<del class="diff-old">as
+prefix
+es
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">vocabularies
+are
+very
+popular,
+they
+are
+pre-defined
+</ins>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">their
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">something
+called
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default_context" href="#dfn-default_context-1">
+default
+context
+<del class="diff-old">beside
+the
+terms
+</del>
+</a>,
+<ins class="diff-chg">which
+is
+a
+set
+of
+vocabulary
+prefixes
+</ins>
+that
+are
+<del class="diff-old">already
+defined.
+Using
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">pre-loaded
+in
+all
+JSON-LD
+processors.
+The
+contents
+of
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default_context" href="#dfn-default_context-1"><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+are
+provided
+later
+in
+</ins>
+this
+<del class="diff-old">feature,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">document.
+Using
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default_context" href="#dfn-default_context-1"><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+allows
+</ins>
+developers
+<del class="diff-old">could
+also
+do
+markup
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">to
+express
+data
+unambiguously,
+</ins>
+like
+<del class="diff-old">this:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">so:
+</ins>
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">",
+ "" : "Manu Sporny",
+ ",
+"sioc:avatar"
+:
+"<http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny>"
+</del>
+<pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "<span class="diff">rdf:type</span>": "<span class="diff">foaf:Person</span>",
+ "<span class="diff">foaf:name</span>": "Manu Sporny",
+ "<span class="diff">foaf:homepage</span>": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
+ "<span class="diff">sioc:avatar</span>": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+Developers
+<del class="diff-old">could
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">can
+</ins>
+also
+<del class="diff-old">be
+allowed
+to
+</del>
+specify
+their
+own
+Vocabulary
+documents
+by
+modifying
+the
+<del class="diff-old">default
+context,
+</del>
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context">
+<ins class="diff-chg">active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+in-line
+using
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@context
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword,
+</ins>
+like
+so:
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{"a" : "Context",
+ "myvocab" : "http://example.org/myvocab#"}
+ },
+ {"a" : "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:name" : "Manu Sporny",
+ "foaf:homepage" : "<http://manu.sporny.org/>",
+ "sioc:avatar" : "<http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny>",
+ "myvocab:credits" : 500}
+]
+</del>
+<pre class="example">{
+ <span class="diff">"@context": { "myvocab": "http://example.org/myvocab#" }</span>,
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "a": "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "foaf:homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/",
+ "sioc:avatar": "http://twitter.com/account/profile_image/manusporny"<span class="diff">,
+ "myvocab:personality": "friendly"</span>
+}
+</ins>
+</pre>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-new">The
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@context
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+keyword
+is
+used
+to
+change
+how
+the
+JSON-LD
+processor
+evaluates
+key-value
+pairs.
+In
+this
+case,
+it
+was
+used
+to
+map
+one
+string
+('myvocab')
+to
+another
+string,
+which
+is
+interpreted
+as
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="IRI" href="#dfn-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
+IRI
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
+In
+the
+example
+above,
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+myvocab
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+string
+is
+replaced
+with
+"
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+http://example.org/myvocab#
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+"
+when
+it
+is
+detected.
+In
+the
+example
+above,
+"
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+myvocab:personality
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+"
+would
+expand
+to
+"
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+http://example.org/myvocab#personality
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+".
+</ins></p><p>
+This
+mechanism
+is
+a
+short-hand
+for
+RDF,
+<ins class="diff-new">called
+a
+CURIE,
+</ins>
+and
+<del class="diff-old">if
+defined,
+will
+give
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">provides
+</ins>
+developers
+an
+unambiguous
+way
+to
+map
+any
+JSON
+value
+to
+RDF.
+</p>
+<p>
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id="an-example-of-a-context" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.4
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">2.6
+</ins>
+</span>
+An
+Example
+of
+a
+<del class="diff-old">Default
+</del>
+Context
+</h3>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">To
+be
+clear,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+strives
+to
+ensure
+that
+developers
+don't
+have
+to
+change
+</ins>
+the
+<ins class="diff-new">JSON
+that
+is
+going
+into
+and
+being
+returned
+from
+their
+Web
+applications.
+A
+</ins>
+JSON-LD
+aware
+Web
+Service
+<del class="diff-old">could
+</del>
+<em class="rfc2119" title="may">
+<ins class="diff-chg">may
+</ins></em>
+define
+a
+<ins class="diff-new">known
+context.
+For
+example,
+the
+following
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default_context" href="#dfn-default_context-1">
+default
+context
+<del class="diff-old">like
+the
+following:
+</del>
+</a>
+<ins class="diff-chg">could
+apply
+to
+all
+incoming
+Web
+Service
+calls
+previously
+accepting
+only
+JSON
+data:
+</ins>
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{"a" : "Context",
+ "__vocab__" : "http://example.org/default-vocab#",
+ "xsd" : "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
+ "dc" : "http://purl.org/dc/terms/",
+ "foaf" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/",
+ "sioc" : "http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#",
+ "cc" : "http://creativecommons.org/ns#",
+ "geo" : "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#",
+ "vcard" : "http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#",
+ "cal" : "http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/ical#",
+ "doap" : "http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#",
+ "Person" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person",
+ "name" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "homepage" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage"
+</del>
+<pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "@context":
+ {
+ "@vocab": "http://example.org/default-vocab#",
+ "@base": "http://example.org/baseurl/",
+ "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
+ "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/",
+ "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/",
+ "sioc": "http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#",
+ "cc": "http://creativecommons.org/ns#",
+ "geo": "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#",
+ "vcard": "http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#",
+ "cal": "http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/ical#",
+ "doap": "http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#",
+ "Person": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person",
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "homepage": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage"
+ "@coerce":
+ {
+ "xsd:anyURI": ["rdf:type", "rdf:rest", "foaf:homepage", "foaf:member"],
+ "xsd:integer": "foaf:age"
+ }
+ }
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+The
+<del class="diff-old">__vocab__
+prefix
+</del>
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@vocab
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+string
+</ins>
+is
+a
+special
+<del class="diff-old">prefix
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">keyword
+</ins>
+that
+states
+that
+any
+term
+that
+doesn't
+resolve
+to
+a
+term
+or
+a
+prefix
+should
+be
+appended
+to
+the
+<del class="diff-old">__vocab__
+</del>
+<code>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@vocab
+</ins></code>
+IRI.
+This
+is
+done
+to
+ensure
+that
+terms
+can
+be
+transformed
+to
+an
+IRI
+at
+all
+times.
+</p>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-new">The
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@base
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+string
+is
+a
+special
+keyword
+that
+states
+that
+any
+relative
+IRI
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-new">
+must
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+be
+appended
+to
+the
+string
+specified
+by
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@base
+</ins></code>.</p><p><ins class="diff-new">
+The
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@coerce
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+keyword
+is
+used
+to
+specify
+type
+coercion
+rules
+for
+the
+data.
+For
+each
+key
+in
+the
+map,
+the
+key
+is
+the
+type
+to
+be
+coerced
+to
+and
+the
+value
+is
+the
+vocabulary
+term
+to
+be
+coerced.
+Type
+coercion
+for
+the
+key
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+xsd:anyURI
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+asserts
+that
+all
+vocabulary
+terms
+listed
+should
+undergo
+coercion
+to
+an
+IRI,
+including
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@base
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+processing
+for
+relative
+IRIs
+and
+CURIE
+processing
+for
+compact
+URI
+Expressions
+such
+as
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+foaf:homepage
+</ins></code>.</p></div>
+</div>
+<div id="markup-examples" class="section">
+<h2>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.5
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.
+</ins>
+</span>
+Markup
+Examples
+<del class="diff-old">Write
+some
+introductory
+stuff
+about
+the
+Markup
+Examples.
+</del>
+</h2>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+JSON-LD
+markup
+examples
+below
+demonstrate
+how
+JSON-LD
+can
+be
+used
+to
+express
+semantic
+data
+marked
+up
+in
+other
+languages
+such
+as
+RDFa,
+Microformats,
+and
+Microdata.
+These
+sections
+are
+merely
+provided
+as
+proof
+that
+JSON-LD
+is
+very
+flexible
+in
+what
+it
+can
+express
+across
+different
+Linked
+Data
+approaches.
+</ins>
+</p>
+<div id="rdfa" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.5.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+RDFa
+<del class="diff-old">>
+ <ul>
+ <li >
+ <a >Bob</a>
+ </li>
+ <li >
+ <a >Eve</a>
+ </li>
+ <li >
+ <a >Manu</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+</del>
+</h3>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+following
+example
+describes
+three
+people
+with
+their
+respective
+names
+and
+homepages.
+</ins></p><pre class="example"><div <span class="diff">prefix="foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"</span>>
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ <ul>
+ <li <span class="diff">typeof="foaf:Person"</span>>
+ <a <span class="diff">rel="foaf:homepage" href="http://example.com/bob/" property="foaf:name" </span>>Bob</a>
+ </li>
+ <li <span class="diff">typeof="foaf:Person"</span>>
+ <a <span class="diff">rel="foaf:homepage" href="http://example.com/eve/" property="foaf:name" </span>>Eve</a>
+ </li>
+ <li <span class="diff">typeof="foaf:Person"</span>>
+ <a <span class="diff">rel="foaf:homepage" href="http://example.com/manu/" property="foaf:name" </span>>Manu</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+</ins>
+</div>
+</pre>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">Representation:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">An
+example
+JSON-LD
+implementation
+is
+described
+below,
+however,
+there
+are
+other
+ways
+to
+mark-up
+this
+information
+such
+that
+the
+context
+is
+not
+repeated.
+</ins>
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{{
+ "a" : "Context",
+ "foaf" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"
+ },
+ {
+ "@" : "_:bnode1",
+ "a" : "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:homepage" : "<http://example.com/bob/>",
+ "foaf:name" : "Bob"
+ },
+ {
+ "@" : "_:bnode2",
+ "a" : "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:homepage" : "<http://example.com/eve/>",
+ "foaf:name" : "Eve"
+ },
+ {
+ "@" : "_:bnode2",
+ "a" : "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:homepage" : "<http://example.com/manu/>",
+ "foaf:name" : "Manu"
+ }
+}
+</del>
+<pre class="example">[
+<ins class="diff-chg"> {
+ "@": "_:bnode1",
+ "a": "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:homepage": "http://example.com/bob/",
+ "foaf:name": "Bob"
+ },
+ {
+ "@": "_:bnode2",
+ "a": "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:homepage": "http://example.com/eve/",
+ "foaf:name": "Eve"
+ },
+ {
+ "@": "_:bnode3",
+ "a": "foaf:Person",
+ "foaf:homepage": "http://example.com/manu/",
+ "foaf:name": "Manu"
+ }
+]
+</ins>
+</pre>
+</div>
+<div id="microformats" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.5.2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+Microformats
+<del class="diff-old"><div class="vcard">
+ <a class="url fn" href="http://tantek.com/">Tantek Çelik</a>
+</del>
+</h3>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+following
+example
+uses
+a
+simple
+Microformats
+hCard
+example
+to
+express
+how
+the
+Microformat
+is
+represented
+in
+JSON-LD.
+</ins></p><pre class="example"><div class="vcard">
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ <a class="url fn" href="http://tantek.com/">Tantek �elik</a>
+</ins>
+</div>
+</pre>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">Representation:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+representation
+of
+the
+hCard
+expresses
+the
+Microformat
+terms
+in
+the
+context
+and
+uses
+them
+directly
+for
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+url
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+fn
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+properties.
+Also
+note
+that
+the
+Microformat
+to
+JSON-LD
+processor
+has
+generated
+the
+proper
+URL
+type
+for
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+http://tantek.com
+</ins></code>.
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{{
+ "a" : "Context",
+ "vcard" : "http://microformats.org/profile/hcard#vcard"
+ "url" : "http://microformats.org/profile/hcard#url"
+ "fn" : "http://microformats.org/profile/hcard#fn"
+ },
+ {
+ "@" : "_:bnode1",
+ "a" : "vcard",
+ "url" : "<http://tantek.com/>",
+ "fn" : "Tantek Çelik"
+ }
+</del>
+<pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg"> "@context":
+ {
+ "vcard": "http://microformats.org/profile/hcard#vcard",
+ "url": "http://microformats.org/profile/hcard#url",
+ "fn": "http://microformats.org/profile/hcard#fn",
+ "@coerce": { "xsd:anyURI": "url" }
+ },
+ "@": "_:bnode1",
+ "a": "vcard",
+ "url": "http://tantek.com/",
+ "fn": "Tantek �elik"
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+</div>
+<div id="microdata" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">4.5.3
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">3.3
+</ins>
+</span>
+Microdata
+<del class="diff-old"><dl itemscope
+ itemtype="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Work"
+ itemid="http://purl.oreilly.com/works/45U8QJGZSQKDH8N">
+ <dt>Title</dt>
+ <dd><cite itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title">Just a Geek</cite></dd>
+ <dt>By</dt>
+ <dd><span itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator">Wil Wheaton</span></dd>
+ <dt>Format</dt>
+ <dd itemprop="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#realization"
+ itemscope
+ itemtype="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Expression"
+ itemid="http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596007683.BOOK">
+ <link itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/type" href="http://purl.oreilly.com/product-types/BOOK">
+ Print
+ </dd>
+ <dd itemprop="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#realization"
+ itemscope
+ itemtype="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Expression"
+ itemid="http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596802189.EBOOK">
+ <link itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/type" href="http://purl.oreilly.com/product-types/EBOOK">
+ Ebook
+ </dd>
+</del>
+</h3>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+Microdata
+example
+below
+expresses
+book
+information
+as
+a
+Microdata
+Work
+item.
+</ins></p><pre class="example"><dl itemscope
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ itemtype="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Work"
+ itemid="http://purl.oreilly.com/works/45U8QJGZSQKDH8N">
+ <dt>Title</dt>
+ <dd><cite itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title">Just a Geek</cite></dd>
+ <dt>By</dt>
+ <dd><span itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator">Wil Wheaton</span></dd>
+ <dt>Format</dt>
+ <dd itemprop="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#realization"
+ itemscope
+ itemtype="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Expression"
+ itemid="http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596007683.BOOK">
+ <link itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/type" href="http://purl.oreilly.com/product-types/BOOK">
+ Print
+ </dd>
+ <dd itemprop="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#realization"
+ itemscope
+ itemtype="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Expression"
+ itemid="http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596802189.EBOOK">
+ <link itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/type" href="http://purl.oreilly.com/product-types/EBOOK">
+ Ebook
+ </dd>
+</ins>
+</dl>
+</pre>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">Representation:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Note
+that
+the
+JSON-LD
+representation
+of
+the
+Microdata
+information
+stays
+true
+to
+the
+desires
+of
+the
+Microdata
+community
+to
+avoid
+contexts
+and
+instead
+refer
+to
+items
+by
+their
+full
+IRI.
+</ins>
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{{
+ "a" : "Context",
+ "__vocab__" : "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/microdata#",
+ "frbr" : "http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#",
+ "dc" : "http://purl.org/dc/terms/"
+ },
+ {
+ "a" : "frbr:Work",
+ "@" : "<http://purl.oreilly.com/works/45U8QJGZSQKDH8N>",
+ "dc:title" : "Just a Geek",
+ "dc:creator" : "Whil Wheaton",
+ "frbr:realization" : ["<http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596007683.BOOK>", "<http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596802189.EBOOK>"]
+ },
+ {
+ "a" : "frbr:Expression",
+ "@" : "<http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596007683.BOOK>",
+ "dc:type" : "http://purl.oreilly.com/product-types/BOOK"
+ },
+ {
+ "a" : "frbr:Expression",
+ "@" : "<http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596802189.EBOOK>",
+ "dc:type" : "<http://purl.oreilly.com/product-types/EBOOK>"
+ }
+}
+</del>
+<pre class="example">[
+<ins class="diff-chg"> {
+ "@": "http://purl.oreilly.com/works/45U8QJGZSQKDH8N",
+ "a": "http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Work",
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title": "Just a Geek",
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator": "Whil Wheaton",
+ "http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#realization":
+ ["http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596007683.BOOK", "http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596802189.EBOOK"]
+ },
+ {
+ "@": "http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596007683.BOOK",
+ "a": "http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Expression",
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/type": "http://purl.oreilly.com/product-types/BOOK"
+ },
+ {
+ "@": "http://purl.oreilly.com/products/9780596802189.EBOOK",
+ "a": "http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Expression",
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/type": "http://purl.oreilly.com/product-types/EBOOK"
+ }
+]
+</ins>
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="markup-of-rdf-concepts" class="section">
+<h2>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.
+</ins>
+</span>
+Markup
+of
+RDF
+Concepts
+</h2>
+<del class="diff-old">Need
+</del>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+is
+designed
+</ins>
+to
+<del class="diff-old">write
+introduction
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">ensure
+that
+most
+Linked
+Data
+concepts
+can
+be
+marked
+up
+in
+a
+way
+that
+is
+simple
+</ins>
+to
+<ins class="diff-new">understand
+and
+author
+by
+Web
+developers.
+In
+many
+cases,
+Javascript
+objects
+can
+become
+Linked
+Data
+with
+the
+simple
+addition
+of
+a
+context.
+Since
+</ins>
+RDF
+<del class="diff-old">Concepts
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">is
+also
+an
+important
+sub-community
+of
+the
+Linked
+Data
+movement,
+it
+is
+important
+that
+all
+RDF
+concepts
+are
+well-represented
+in
+this
+specification.
+This
+</ins>
+section
+<ins class="diff-new">details
+how
+each
+RDF
+concept
+can
+be
+expressed
+in
+JSON-LD.
+</ins>
+</p>
+<div id="iris" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+IRIs
+</h3>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+...
+ "foaf:homepage" : "",
+...
+</del>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Expressing
+IRIs
+are
+fundamental
+to
+Linked
+Data
+as
+that
+is
+how
+most
+subjects
+and
+many
+objects
+are
+identified.
+IRIs
+can
+be
+expressed
+in
+a
+variety
+of
+different
+ways
+in
+JSON-LD.
+</ins></p><ol><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+In
+general,
+an
+IRI
+is
+generated
+if
+it
+is
+in
+the
+key
+position
+in
+an
+associative
+array.
+There
+are
+special
+rules
+for
+processing
+keys
+in
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@context
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+when
+dealing
+with
+keys
+that
+start
+with
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+character.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+IRI
+is
+generated
+for
+the
+value
+specified
+using
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+if
+it
+is
+a
+string.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+IRI
+is
+generated
+for
+the
+value
+specified
+using
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+a
+</ins></code>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+IRI
+is
+generated
+for
+the
+value
+specified
+using
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@iri
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+IRI
+is
+generated
+when
+there
+are
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@coerce
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+rules
+in
+effect
+for
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+xsd:anyURI
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+a
+particular
+vocabulary
+term.
+</ins></li></ol><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+example
+of
+IRI
+generation
+for
+a
+key
+outside
+of
+a
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@context
+</ins></code>:</p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+...
+ "<span class="diff">http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name</span>": "Manu Sporny",
+...
+}
+</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+In
+the
+example
+above,
+the
+key
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+interpreted
+as
+an
+IRI,
+as
+opposed
+to
+being
+interpreted
+as
+a
+string..
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+Term
+expansion
+occurs
+for
+IRIs
+if
+a
+term
+is
+defined
+within
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>:</p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ "<span class="diff">@context</span>": {"<span class="diff">name</span>": "<span class="diff">http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name</span>"},
+...
+ "<span class="diff">name</span>": "Manu Sporny",
+...
+}
+</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+CURIE
+expansion
+also
+occurs
+for
+keys
+in
+JSON-LD:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+...
+ "<span class="diff">foaf:name</span>": "Manu Sporny",
+...
+}
+</ins></pre><p><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+foaf:name
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+above
+will
+automatically
+expand
+out
+to
+the
+IRI
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name
+</ins></code>.</p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+IRI
+is
+generated
+when
+a
+value
+is
+associated
+with
+a
+key
+using
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@iri
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+...
+ "foaf:homepage": { "<span class="diff">@iri</span>": "http://manu.sporny.org" }
+...
+}
+</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+type
+coercion
+rules
+are
+specified
+in
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@context
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+for
+a
+particular
+vocabulary
+term,
+an
+IRI
+is
+generated:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{<span class="diff">
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ "@context":
+ {
+ "@coerce":
+ {
+ "xsd:anyURI": "foaf:homepage"
+ }
+ }</span>
+...
+ "foaf:homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org",
+...
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+</div>
+<div id="identifying-the-subject" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+Identifying
+the
+Subject
+</h3>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+...
+ "",
+...
+</del>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">A
+subject
+is
+declared
+using
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key.
+The
+subject
+is
+the
+first
+piece
+of
+information
+needed
+by
+the
+JSON-LD
+processor
+in
+order
+to
+create
+the
+(subject,
+property,
+object)
+tuple,
+also
+known
+as
+a
+triple.
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+...
+ "<span class="diff">@</span>": "<span class="diff">http://example.org/people#joebob</span>",
+...
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-new">The
+example
+above
+would
+set
+the
+subject
+to
+the
+IRI
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+http://example.org/people#joebob
+</ins></code>.</p>
+</div>
+<div id="specifying-the-type" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.3
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.3
+</ins>
+</span>
+Specifying
+the
+Type
+</h3>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+...
+ "",
+...
+</del>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">The
+type
+of
+a
+particular
+subject
+can
+be
+specified
+using
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+a
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key.
+Specifying
+the
+type
+in
+this
+way
+will
+generate
+a
+triple
+of
+the
+form
+(subject,
+type,
+type-url).
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+...
+ "@": "http://example.org/people#joebob",
+ "<span class="diff">a</span>": "<span class="diff">http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person</span>",
+...
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-new">The
+example
+above
+would
+generate
+the
+following
+triple
+(in
+N-Triples
+notation):
+</ins></p><pre class="example"><http://example.org/people#joebob>
+<ins class="diff-new">
+ <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type>
+<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person>
+.
+</ins></pre>
+</div>
+<div id="plain-literals" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.4
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.4
+</ins>
+</span>
+Plain
+Literals
+</h3>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+...
+ "foaf:name" : "",
+...
+</del>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Regular
+text
+strings
+are
+called
+a
+</ins><dfn title="plain_literal" id="dfn-plain_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
+plain
+literal
+</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+RDF
+and
+are
+easily
+expressed
+using
+regular
+JSON
+strings.
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+...
+ "foaf:name": "<span class="diff">Mark Birbeck</span>",
+...
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+</div>
+<div id="language-specification-in-plain-literals" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.5
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.5
+</ins>
+</span>
+Language
+Specification
+in
+Plain
+Literals
+</h3>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+...
+ "foaf:name" : "",
+...
+</del>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">JSON-LD
+makes
+an
+assumption
+that
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="plain_literal" href="#dfn-plain_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
+plain
+literal
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+s
+with
+associated
+language
+encoding
+information
+is
+not
+very
+common
+when
+used
+in
+JavaScript
+and
+Web
+Services.
+Thus,
+it
+takes
+a
+little
+more
+effort
+to
+express
+plain
+literals
+in
+a
+specified
+language.
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+...
+ "foaf:name": <span class="diff">
+ {
+ "@literal": "花澄",
+ "@language": "ja"
+ }</span>
+...
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-new">The
+example
+above
+would
+generate
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="plain_literal" href="#dfn-plain_literal"><ins class="diff-new">
+plain
+literal
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+for
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
+花澄
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+associate
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+ja
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+language
+tag
+with
+the
+triple
+that
+is
+generated.
+Languages
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-new">
+must
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+be
+expressed
+in
+[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-BCP47"><ins class="diff-new">
+BCP47
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-new">
+]
+format.
+</ins></p>
+</div>
+<div id="typed-literals" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.6
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.6
+</ins>
+</span>
+Typed
+Literals
+</h3>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+...
+ "dc:modified" : "",
+...
+</del>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">A
+</ins><dfn title="typed_literal" id="dfn-typed_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
+typed
+literal
+</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+indicated
+by
+attaching
+a
+IRI
+to
+the
+end
+of
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="plain_literal" href="#dfn-plain_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
+plain
+literal
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+this
+IRI
+indicates
+the
+literal's
+datatype.
+Literals
+may
+be
+typed
+in
+JSON-LD
+in
+three
+ways:
+</ins></p><ol><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+By
+utilizing
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@coerce
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+By
+utilizing
+the
+expanded
+form
+for
+specifying
+objects.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+By
+using
+a
+native
+JSON
+datatype.
+</ins></li></ol><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+first
+example
+uses
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@coerce
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword
+to
+express
+a
+typed
+literal:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{<span class="diff">
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ "@context":
+ {
+ "@coerce":
+ {
+ "xsd:dateTime": "dc:modified"
+ }
+ }</span>
+...
+ "dc:modified": "2010-05-29T14:17:39+02:00",
+...
+}
+</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+second
+example
+uses
+the
+expanded
+form
+for
+specifying
+objects:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+...
+ "dc:modified": <span class="diff">
+ {
+ "@literal": "2010-05-29T14:17:39+02:00",
+ "@datatype": "xsd:dateTime"
+ }</span>
+...
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-new">Both
+examples
+above
+would
+generate
+an
+object
+with
+the
+literal
+value
+of
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+2010-05-29T14:17:39+02:00
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+the
+datatype
+of
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime
+</ins></code>.</p>
+</div>
+<div id="multiple-objects-for-a-single-property" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.7
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.7
+</ins>
+</span>
+Multiple
+Objects
+for
+a
+Single
+Property
+</h3>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+...
+ "foaf:nick" : ,
+...
+</del>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">A
+JSON-LD
+author
+can
+express
+multiple
+triples
+in
+a
+compact
+way
+by
+using
+arrays.
+If
+a
+subject
+has
+multiple
+values
+for
+the
+same
+property,
+the
+author
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="may"><ins class="diff-chg">
+may
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+express
+each
+property
+as
+an
+array.
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+...
+ "@": "http://example.org/people#joebob",
+ "foaf:nick": <span class="diff">["joe", "bob", "jaybee"]</span>,
+...
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-new">The
+markup
+shown
+above
+would
+generate
+the
+following
+triples:
+</ins></p><pre class="example"><http://example.org/people#joebob>
+<ins class="diff-new">
+ <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nick>
+ "joe" .
+<http://example.org/people#joebob>
+ <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nick>
+ "bob" .
+<http://example.org/people#joebob>
+ <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nick>
+"jaybee"
+.
+</ins></pre>
+</div>
+<div id="multiple-typed-literals-for-a-single-property" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.8
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.8
+</ins>
+</span>
+Multiple
+Typed
+Literals
+for
+a
+Single
+Property
+</h3>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+...
+ "dc:modified" : ],
+...
+</del>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Multiple
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed_literal" href="#dfn-typed_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
+typed
+literal
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+s
+may
+also
+be
+expressed
+using
+the
+expanded
+form
+for
+objects:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+...
+ "@": "http://example.org/articles/8",
+ "dcterms:modified": <span class="diff">
+ [
+ {
+ "@literal": "2010-05-29T14:17:39+02:00",
+ "@datatype": "xsd:dateTime"
+ },
+ {
+ "@literal": "2010-05-30T09:21:28-04:00",
+ "@datatype": "xsd:dateTime"
+ }
+ ]</span>
+...
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-new">The
+markup
+shown
+above
+would
+generate
+the
+following
+triples:
+</ins></p><pre class="example"><http://example.org/articles/8>
+<ins class="diff-new">
+ <http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified>
+ "2010-05-29T14:17:39+02:00"^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime .
+<http://example.org/articles/8>
+ <http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified>
+"2010-05-30T09:21:28-04:00"^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime
+.
+</ins></pre>
+</div>
+<div id="blank-nodes" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.9
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">4.9
+</ins>
+</span>
+Blank
+Nodes
+</h3>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+...
+ "@" : "",
+...
+</del>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">At
+times,
+it
+becomes
+necessary
+to
+be
+able
+to
+express
+information
+without
+being
+able
+to
+specify
+the
+subject.
+Typically,
+this
+is
+where
+blank
+nodes
+come
+into
+play.
+In
+JSON-LD,
+blank
+node
+identifiers
+are
+automatically
+created
+if
+a
+subject
+is
+not
+specified
+using
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword.
+However,
+authors
+may
+name
+blank
+nodes
+by
+using
+the
+special
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+_
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+CURIE
+prefix.
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+...
+ "@": "<span class="diff">_:foo</span>",
+...
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-new">The
+example
+above
+would
+set
+the
+subject
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+_:foo
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-new">
+which
+can
+then
+be
+used
+later
+on
+in
+the
+JSON-LD
+markup
+to
+refer
+back
+to
+the
+named
+blank
+node.
+</ins></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="advanced-features" class="section">
+<h2>
+<span class="secno">
+<ins class="diff-chg">5.
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Advanced
+Features
+</ins></h2><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON-LD
+has
+a
+number
+of
+features
+that
+provide
+functionality
+above
+and
+beyond
+the
+core
+functionality
+provided
+by
+RDF.
+The
+following
+sections
+outline
+the
+features
+that
+are
+specific
+to
+JSON-LD.
+</ins></p><div id="automatic-typing" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.10
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">5.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Escape
+Character
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Automatic
+Typing
+</ins>
+</h3>
+<p>
+<del class="diff-old">Special
+characters
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Since
+JSON
+is
+capable
+of
+expressing
+typed
+information
+such
+as
+doubles,
+integers,
+and
+boolean
+values.
+As
+demonstrated
+below,
+JSON-LD
+utilizes
+that
+information
+to
+create
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed_literal" href="#dfn-typed_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
+typed
+literal
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+s:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+...
+ // The following two values are automatically converted to a type of xsd:double
+ // and both values are equivalent to each other.
+ "measure:cups": <span class="diff">5.3</span>,
+ "measure:cups": <span class="diff">5.3e0</span>,
+ // The following value is automatically converted to a type of xsd:double as well
+ "space:astronomicUnits": <span class="diff">6.5e73</span>,
+ // The following value should never be converted to a language-native type
+ "measure:stones": <span class="diff">{ "@literal": "4.8", "@datatype": "xsd:decimal" }</span>,
+ // This value is automatically converted to having a type of xsd:integer
+ "chem:protons": <span class="diff">12</span>,
+ // This value is automatically converted to having a type of xsd:boolean
+ "sensor:active": <span class="diff">true</span>,
+...
+}
+</ins></pre><p class="note"><ins class="diff-chg">
+When
+dealing
+with
+a
+number
+of
+modern
+programming
+languages,
+including
+JavaScript
+ECMA-262,
+there
+is
+no
+distinction
+between
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+xsd:decimal
+</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+xsd:double
+</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+values.
+That
+is,
+the
+number
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+5.3
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+the
+number
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+5.3e0
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+are
+treated
+as
+if
+they
+were
+the
+same.
+When
+converting
+from
+JSON-LD
+to
+a
+language-native
+format
+and
+back,
+datatype
+information
+is
+lost
+</ins>
+in
+<del class="diff-old">property
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">a
+number
+of
+these
+languages.
+Thus,
+one
+could
+say
+that
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+5.3
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+a
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+xsd:decimal
+</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+5.3e0
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+an
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+xsd:double
+</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+JSON-LD,
+but
+when
+both
+</ins>
+values
+<ins class="diff-chg">are
+converted
+to
+a
+language-native
+format
+the
+datatype
+difference
+between
+the
+two
+is
+lost
+because
+the
+machine-level
+representation
+will
+almost
+always
+be
+a
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+double
+</ins></strong>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Implementers
+should
+be
+aware
+of
+this
+potential
+round-tripping
+issue
+between
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+xsd:decimal
+</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+xsd:double
+</ins></strong>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Specifically
+objects
+with
+a
+datatype
+of
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+xsd:decimal
+</ins></strong><em class="rfc2119" title="must not">
+must
+<ins class="diff-new">not
+</ins>
+</em>
+be
+<del class="diff-old">escaped
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">converted
+to
+a
+language
+native
+type.
+</ins></p></div><div id="type-coercion" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+5.2
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Type
+Coercion
+</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSON-LD
+supports
+the
+coercion
+of
+types
+to
+ensure
+that
+the
+zero-edit
+goal
+of
+JSON-LD
+can
+be
+accomplished.
+Type
+coercion
+allows
+someone
+deploying
+JSON-LD
+to
+coerce
+and
+incoming
+or
+outgoing
+types
+to
+the
+proper
+RDF
+type
+based
+on
+a
+mapping
+of
+type
+IRIs
+to
+RDF
+types.
+Using
+type
+conversion,
+one
+may
+convert
+simple
+JSON
+data
+to
+properly
+typed
+RDF
+data.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+example
+below
+demonstrates
+how
+a
+JSON-LD
+author
+can
+coerce
+values
+to
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="plain_literal" href="#dfn-plain_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
+plain
+literal
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+s,
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed_literal" href="#dfn-typed_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
+typed
+literal
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+s
+and
+IRIs.
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ "@context":
+ {
+ "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
+ "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "age": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age",
+ "homepage": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
+</ins><span class="diff"> "@coerce":
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ {
+ "xsd:integer": "age",
+ "xsd:anyURI": "homepage",
+ }</span>
+ },
+ "name": "John Smith",
+ "age": <span class="diff">"41"</span>,
+ "homepage": <span class="diff">"http://example.org/home/"</span>
+}
+</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+example
+above
+would
+generate
+the
+following
+triples:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">_:bnode1
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name>
+ "John Smith" .
+_:bnode1
+ <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age>
+ "41"^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer .
+_:bnode1
+ <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage>
+<http://example.org/home/>
+.
+</ins></pre></div></div><div id="the-json-ld-processing-algorithm" class="section"><h2><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+6.
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+JSON-LD
+Processing
+Algorithm
+</ins></h2><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+JSON-LD
+Processing
+Model
+describes
+processing
+rules
+for
+extracting
+RDF
+from
+a
+JSON-LD
+document.
+Note
+that
+many
+uses
+of
+JSON-LD
+may
+not
+require
+generation
+of
+RDF.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+processing
+algorithm
+described
+in
+this
+section
+is
+provided
+</ins>
+in
+order
+to
+<ins class="diff-new">demonstrate
+how
+one
+might
+implement
+a
+JSON-LD
+processor.
+Conformant
+implementations
+are
+only
+required
+to
+produce
+the
+same
+type
+and
+number
+of
+triples
+during
+the
+output
+process
+and
+are
+</ins>
+not
+<ins class="diff-new">required
+to
+implement
+the
+algorithm
+exactly
+as
+described.
+</ins></p><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-new">
+The
+Processing
+Algorithm
+is
+a
+work
+in
+progress.
+</ins></p><div class="informative section" id="overview"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+6.1
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
+Overview
+</ins></h3><p><em><ins class="diff-new">
+This
+section
+is
+non-normative.
+</ins></em></p><p><ins class="diff-new">
+JSON-LD
+is
+intended
+to
+have
+an
+easy
+to
+parse
+grammar
+that
+closely
+models
+existing
+practice
+in
+using
+JSON
+for
+describing
+object
+representations.
+This
+allows
+the
+use
+of
+existing
+libraries
+for
+parsing
+JSON
+in
+a
+document-oriented
+fashion,
+or
+can
+allow
+for
+stream-based
+parsing
+similar
+to
+SAX.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-new">
+As
+with
+other
+grammars
+used
+for
+describing
+linked
+data,
+a
+key
+concept
+is
+that
+of
+a
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
+resource
+</ins></em>.<ins class="diff-new">
+Resources
+may
+</ins>
+be
+<del class="diff-old">interpreted
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">of
+three
+basic
+types:
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+s,
+for
+describing
+externally
+named
+entities,
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+BNodes
+</ins></em>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+resources
+for
+which
+an
+external
+name
+does
+not
+exist,
+or
+is
+not
+known,
+and
+Literals,
+which
+describe
+terminal
+entities
+such
+</ins>
+as
+<del class="diff-old">IRIs,
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">strings,
+dates
+and
+other
+representations
+having
+a
+lexical
+representation
+possibly
+including
+an
+explicit
+</ins>
+language
+<del class="diff-old">tags,
+</del>
+or
+<del class="diff-old">TypedLiterals.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">datatype.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+Data
+described
+with
+JSON-LD
+may
+be
+considered
+to
+be
+the
+representation
+of
+a
+graph
+made
+up
+of
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+subject
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+object
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+resources
+related
+via
+a
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+predicate
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+resource.
+However,
+specific
+implementations
+may
+choose
+to
+operate
+on
+the
+document
+as
+a
+normal
+JSON
+description
+of
+objects
+having
+attributes.
+</ins></p></div><div id="processing-algorithm-terms" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+6.2
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Processing
+Algorithm
+Terms
+</ins></h3><dl><dt><dfn title="default_context" id="dfn-default_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+context
+</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+a
+context
+that
+is
+specified
+to
+the
+JSON-LD
+processing
+algorithm
+before
+processing
+begins.
+</ins></dd><dt><dfn title="default_graph" id="dfn-default_graph"><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+graph
+</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+destination
+graph
+for
+all
+triples
+generated
+by
+JSON-LD
+markup.
+</ins></dd><dt><dfn title="active_subject" id="dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+subject
+</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+currently
+active
+subject
+that
+the
+processor
+should
+use
+when
+generating
+triples.
+</ins></dd><dt><dfn title="active_property" id="dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+currently
+active
+property
+that
+the
+processor
+should
+use
+when
+generating
+triples.
+</ins></dd><dt><dfn title="active_object" id="dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+object
+</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+currently
+active
+object
+that
+the
+processor
+should
+use
+when
+generating
+triples.
+</ins></dd><dt><dfn title="active_context" id="dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+a
+context
+that
+is
+used
+to
+resolve
+CURIEs
+while
+the
+processing
+algorithm
+is
+running.
+The
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+the
+context
+contained
+within
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
+processor
+state
+</ins></a>.</dd><dt><dfn title="local_context" id="dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+a
+context
+that
+is
+specified
+at
+the
+JSON
+associative-array
+level,
+specified
+via
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@context
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+keyword.
+</ins></dd><dt><dfn title="processor_state" id="dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
+processor
+state
+</ins></dfn></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
+processor
+state
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+which
+includes
+the
+</ins><a class="tref" title="active__context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref" title="current_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
+current
+subject
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref" title="current_property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+current
+property
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+</ins><a class="tref" title="processor__state"><ins class="diff-chg">
+processor
+state
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+managed
+as
+a
+stack
+with
+elements
+from
+the
+previous
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
+processor
+state
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+copied
+into
+a
+new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
+processor
+state
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+when
+entering
+a
+new
+associative
+array.
+</ins></dd></dl></div><div id="processing-tokens-and-keywords" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+6.3
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Processing
+Tokens
+and
+Keywords
+</ins></h3><dl><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@context
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+Used
+to
+set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a>.</dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@base
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+Used
+to
+set
+the
+base
+IRI
+for
+all
+object
+IRIs
+affected
+by
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>.</dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@profile
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+reference
+to
+a
+remote
+context
+description
+used
+to
+set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a>.</dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@vocab
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+Used
+to
+set
+the
+base
+IRI
+for
+all
+property
+IRIs
+affected
+by
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>.</dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@coerce
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+Used
+to
+specify
+type
+coercion
+rules.
+</ins></dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@literal
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+Used
+to
+specify
+a
+literal
+value.
+</ins></dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@iri
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+Used
+to
+specify
+an
+IRI
+value.
+</ins></dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@language
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+Used
+to
+specify
+the
+language
+for
+a
+literal.
+</ins></dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@datatype
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+Used
+to
+specify
+the
+datatype
+for
+a
+literal.
+</ins></dd><dt><code>:</code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+separator
+for
+CURIEs
+when
+used
+in
+JSON
+keys
+or
+JSON
+values.
+</ins></dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+Sets
+the
+active
+subjects.
+</ins></dd><dt><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+a
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+Used
+to
+set
+the
+rdf:type
+of
+the
+active
+subjects.
+This
+token
+may
+be
+conferred
+as
+syntactic
+sugar
+for
+rdf:type.
+</ins></dd></dl><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Use
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@source
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+instead
+of
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+?
+</ins></p><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Use
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@type
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+instead
+of
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+a
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+?
+Note
+that
+both
+are
+just
+semantic
+sugar
+for
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+rdf:type
+</ins></code>.</p></div><div id="context" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+6.4
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Context
+</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+Processing
+of
+JSON-LD
+is
+managed
+recursively
+using
+a
+process
+described
+in
+</ins><a href="sequence"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Sequence
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+During
+processing,
+each
+rule
+is
+applied
+using
+information
+provided
+by
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Processing
+begins
+by
+pushing
+a
+new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
+processor
+state
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+onto
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
+processor
+state
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+stack
+and
+initializing
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+with
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default_context" href="#dfn-default_context-1"><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+context
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+encountered,
+information
+from
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+merged
+into
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>.</p><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Should
+the
+document
+URL
+be
+used
+as
+the
+default
+for
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@base
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+in
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default_context" href="#dfn-default_context-1"><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+?
+</ins>
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context">
+<ins class="diff-new">active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+used
+for
+expanding
+keys
+and
+values
+of
+an
+associative
+array
+(or
+elements
+of
+a
+list
+(see
+</ins><span a="#list-processing"><ins class="diff-new">
+List
+Processing
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
+)).
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-new">
+A
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-new">
+local
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+identified
+within
+an
+associative
+array
+having
+a
+key
+of
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@context
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+with
+an
+associative
+array
+value.
+When
+processing
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-new">
+local
+context
+</ins></a>,
+special
+<del class="diff-old">characters
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">rules
+apply:
+</ins></p><ul><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+key
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@base
+</ins></code><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-chg">
+must
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+have
+a
+value
+of
+a
+simple
+string
+with
+the
+lexical
+form
+of
+IRI
+and
+is
+saved
+in
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+perform
+term
+mapping
+as
+described
+in
+</ins><a href="#iri-processing"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+Processing
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+key
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@vocab
+</ins></code><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-chg">
+must
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+have
+a
+value
+of
+a
+simple
+string
+with
+the
+lexical
+form
+of
+IRI
+and
+is
+saved
+in
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+perform
+term
+mapping
+as
+described
+in
+</ins><a href="#iri-processing"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+Processing
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+key
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@coerce
+</ins></code><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-chg">
+must
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+have
+a
+value
+of
+an
+associative
+array.
+Processing
+of
+the
+associative
+array
+is
+described
+</ins><a href="#coerce"><ins class="diff-chg">
+below
+</ins></a></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+the
+key
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-chg">
+must
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+have
+the
+lexical
+form
+of
+</ins><cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/#NT-NCName"><ins class="diff-chg">
+NCName
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-chg">
+must
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+have
+the
+value
+of
+a
+simple
+string
+with
+the
+lexical
+form
+of
+IRI.
+Merge
+each
+key-value
+pair
+into
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+overwriting
+any
+duplicate
+values.
+</ins></li></ul><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+may
+also
+be
+loaded
+from
+an
+external
+document
+using
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@profile
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key
+as
+described
+in
+</ins><a href="#vocabulary-profiles"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Vocabulary
+Profiles
+</ins></a>.</p><div id="coerce" class="section"><h4><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+6.4.1
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Coerce
+</ins></h4><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+Map
+each
+key-value
+pair
+in
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+local
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+'s
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@coerce
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+mapping
+into
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+'s
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@coerce
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+mapping,
+overwriting
+any
+duplicate
+values
+</ins>
+in
+<ins class="diff-new">the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+'s
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@coerce
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+mapping.
+The
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+@coerce
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+mapping
+has
+a
+either
+of
+a
+single
+CURIE
+or
+of
+an
+array
+of
+CURIEs.
+When
+merging
+with
+an
+existing
+mapping
+in
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+map
+all
+CURIE
+values
+to
+array
+form
+and
+replace
+with
+the
+union
+of
+the
+value
+from
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="local_context" href="#dfn-local_context"><ins class="diff-new">
+local
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+the
+value
+of
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
+If
+the
+result
+is
+an
+array
+with
+a
+single
+CURIE,
+the
+processor
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="may"><ins class="diff-new">
+may
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+represent
+this
+as
+a
+string
+value.
+</ins></p></div></div><div id="chaining" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+6.5
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
+Chaining
+</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-new">
+Object
+</ins><dfn title="chaining" id="dfn-chaining"><ins class="diff-new">
+chaining
+</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+a
+</ins>
+JSON-LD
+<del class="diff-old">are:
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">feature
+that
+allows
+an
+author
+to
+use
+the
+definition
+of
+JSON-LD
+objects
+as
+</ins><a class="tref" title="property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+values.
+This
+is
+a
+commonly
+used
+mechanism
+for
+creating
+a
+parent-child
+relationship
+between
+objects.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+example
+shows
+an
+two
+objects
+related
+by
+a
+property
+from
+the
+first
+object:
+</ins></p> <pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+...
+ "foaf:name": "Manu Sporny",
+ "<span class="diff">foaf:knows</span>": {
+ "<span class="diff">a</span>": "<span class="diff">foaf:Person</span>",
+ "<span class="diff">foaf:name</span>": "<span class="diff">Gregg Kellogg</span>",
+ }
+...
+}
+</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+object
+definition
+may
+be
+used
+anyplace
+a
+value
+is
+legal
+in
+JSON-LD.
+</ins></p></div><div id="iri-processing" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+6.6
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+Processing
+</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+Keys
+and
+some
+values
+are
+evaluated
+to
+produce
+an
+IRI.
+This
+section
+defines
+an
+algorithm
+for
+transforming
+a
+value
+representing
+an
+IRI
+into
+an
+actual
+IRI.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRIs
+may
+be
+represented
+as
+an
+explicit
+string,
+or
+as
+a
+CURIE,
+as
+a
+value
+relative
+to
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old"><
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">@base
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+or
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@vocab
+</ins></code>.</p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+CURIEs
+are
+defined
+more
+formally
+in
+[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDFA-CORE"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RDFA-CORE
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
+]
+</ins><cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdfa-core/#s_curies"><ins class="diff-chg">
+section
+6
+"CURIE
+Syntax
+Definition"
+</ins></a></cite>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Generally,
+a
+CURIE
+is
+composed
+of
+a
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+prefix
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+a
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+suffix
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+separated
+by
+a
+':'.
+In
+JSON-LD,
+either
+the
+prefix
+may
+be
+the
+empty
+string,
+denoting
+the
+</ins><dfn title="default_prefix" id="dfn-default_prefix"><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+prefix
+</ins></dfn>.</p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+procedure
+for
+generating
+an
+IRI
+is:
+</ins></p><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Split
+the
+value
+into
+a
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+prefix
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+suffix
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+from
+the
+first
+occurrence
+of
+':'.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+prefix
+is
+a
+'_',
+generate
+a
+named
+BNode
+using
+the
+suffix
+as
+the
+name.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+contains
+a
+mapping
+for
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+prefix
+</ins></em>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+generate
+an
+IRI
+by
+prepending
+the
+mapped
+prefix
+to
+the
+(possibly
+empty)
+suffix.
+Note
+that
+an
+empty
+suffix
+and
+no
+suffix
+(meaning
+the
+value
+contains
+no
+':'
+string
+at
+all)
+are
+treated
+equivalently.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+IRI
+being
+processed
+is
+for
+a
+property
+(i.e.,
+a
+key
+value
+in
+an
+associative
+array,
+or
+a
+value
+in
+a
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@coerce
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+mapping)
+and
+the
+active
+context
+has
+a
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@vocab
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+mapping,
+join
+the
+mapped
+value
+to
+the
+suffix
+using
+the
+method
+described
+in
+[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3987"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RFC3987
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
+].
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+IRI
+being
+processed
+is
+for
+a
+subject
+or
+object
+(i.e.,
+not
+a
+property)
+and
+the
+active
+context
+has
+a
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@base
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+mapping,
+join
+the
+mapped
+value
+to
+the
+suffix
+using
+the
+method
+described
+in
+[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC3987"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RFC3987
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
+].
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+use
+the
+value
+directly
+as
+an
+IRI.
+</ins></li></ol><p></p></div></div><div id="sequence" class="section"><h2><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+7.
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Sequence
+</ins></h2><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+algorithm
+below
+is
+designed
+for
+in-memory
+implementations
+with
+random
+access
+to
+associative
+array
+elements.
+For
+a
+description
+of
+a
+streaming
+implementation,
+see
+</ins><a href="streaming-processors"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Appendix
+B
+</ins></a>.</p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+conforming
+JSON-LD
+processor
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-chg">
+must
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+implement
+a
+processing
+algorithm
+that
+results
+in
+the
+same
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default_graph" href="#dfn-default_graph"><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+graph
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+that
+the
+following
+algorithm
+generates:
+</ins></p><ol class="algorithm"><li id="processing-step-default-context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Create
+a
+new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
+processor
+state
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+with
+with
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+to
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default_context" href="#dfn-default_context-1"><ins class="diff-chg">
+default
+context
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+initialized
+to
+NULL.
+</ins></li><li id="processing-step-associative"><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+an
+associative
+array
+is
+detected,
+perform
+the
+following
+steps:
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+associative
+array
+has
+a
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@context
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key,
+process
+the
+local
+context
+as
+described
+in
+</ins><a href="context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Context
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+associative
+array
+has
+an
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@iri
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key,
+set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+by
+performing
+</ins><a href="#iri-processing"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+Processing
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+on
+the
+associated
+value.
+Generate
+a
+triple
+representing
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+object
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Return
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+calling
+location.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+associative
+array
+has
+a
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@literal
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key,
+set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+a
+literal
+value
+as
+follows:
+</ins><ul><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+as
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed_literal" href="#dfn-typed_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
+typed
+literal
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+if
+the
+associative
+array
+contains
+a
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@datatype
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key
+after
+performing
+</ins><a href="#iri-processing"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+Processing
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+on
+the
+specified
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@datatype
+</ins></code>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+otherwise,
+as
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="plain_literal" href="#dfn-plain_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
+plain
+literal
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+associative
+array
+contains
+a
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@language
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key,
+use
+it's
+value
+to
+set
+the
+language
+of
+the
+plain
+literal.
+</ins></li></ul><ins class="diff-chg">
+Generate
+a
+triple
+representing
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+</ins><a class="tref" title="active__property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+object
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Return
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+calling
+location.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+associative
+array
+has
+a
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key:
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+value
+is
+a
+string,
+set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+result
+of
+performing
+</ins><a href="#iri-processing"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+Processing
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Generate
+a
+triple
+representing
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+object
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+object
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Create
+a
+new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
+processor
+state
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+using
+copies
+of
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+process
+the
+value
+starting
+at
+</ins><a href="#processing-step-associative"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Step
+2
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref" title="active__subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+result
+and
+proceed
+using
+the
+previous
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
+processor
+state
+</ins></a>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+associative
+array
+does
+not
+have
+a
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key,
+set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref" title="active__object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+newly
+generated
+</ins><a class="tref" title="blank_node_identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
+blank
+node
+identifier
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Generate
+a
+triple
+representing
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+object
+</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
+Set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+</ins><a class="tref" title="active__object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+object
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+For
+each
+key
+in
+the
+associative
+array
+that
+has
+not
+already
+been
+processed,
+perform
+the
+following
+steps:
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+key
+is
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+a
+</ins>
+</code>,
+<ins class="diff-new">set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">>
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">rdf:type
+</ins></code>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Otherwise,
+set
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+result
+of
+performing
+</ins><a href="#iri-processing"><ins class="diff-chg">
+IRI
+Processing
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+on
+the
+key.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Create
+a
+new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
+processor
+state
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+copies
+of
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+process
+the
+value
+starting
+at
+</ins><a href="#processing-step-associative"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Step
+2
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+proceed
+using
+the
+previous
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-chg">
+processor
+state
+</ins></a>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Return
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-chg">
+active
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+to
+the
+calling
+location.
+</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+a
+regular
+array
+is
+detected,
+process
+each
+value
+in
+the
+array
+by
+doing
+the
+following
+returning
+the
+result
+of
+processing
+the
+last
+value
+in
+the
+array:
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+value
+is
+a
+regular
+array,
+generate
+an
+RDF
+List
+by
+linking
+each
+element
+of
+the
+list
+using
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+rdf:first
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+rdf:next
+</ins>
+</code>,
+<ins class="diff-new">terminating
+the
+list
+with
+</ins>
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">@
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">rdf:nil
+</ins>
+</code>
+<ins class="diff-new">using
+the
+following
+sequence:
+</ins><ol><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+the
+list
+has
+no
+element,
+generate
+a
+triple
+using
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+property
+</ins></a>
+and
+<code>
+<del class="diff-old">^
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">rdf:nil
+</ins>
+</code>.
+</li>
+<li>
+<ins class="diff-new">Otherwise,
+generate
+a
+triple
+using
+using
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+a
+newly
+generated
+BNode
+identified
+as
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
+first
+bnode
+</ins></em>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+For
+each
+element
+other
+than
+the
+last
+element
+in
+the
+list:
+</ins><ol><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Create
+a
+processor
+state
+using
+the
+active
+context,
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
+first
+bnode
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+as
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
+and
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+rdf:first
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+as
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+property
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Unless
+this
+is
+the
+last
+element
+in
+the
+list,
+generate
+a
+new
+BNode
+identified
+as
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
+rest
+bnode
+</ins></em>,<ins class="diff-new">
+otherwise
+use
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+rdf:nil
+</ins></code>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Generate
+a
+new
+triple
+using
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
+first
+bnode
+</ins></em>,<code><ins class="diff-new">
+rdf:rest
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
+rest
+bnode
+</ins></em>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Set
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
+first
+bnode
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+to
+</ins><em><ins class="diff-new">
+rest
+bnode
+</ins></em>.</li></ol></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Otherwise,
+create
+a
+new
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-new">
+processor
+state
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+copies
+of
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_context" href="#dfn-active_context"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+context
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_property" href="#dfn-active_property"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+property
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+process
+the
+value
+starting
+at
+</ins><a href="#processing-step-associative"><ins class="diff-new">
+Step
+2
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+proceed
+using
+the
+previous
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="processor_state" href="#dfn-processor_state"><ins class="diff-new">
+processor
+state
+</ins></a>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+a
+string
+is
+detected,
+generate
+a
+triple
+using
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="plain_literal" href="#dfn-plain_literal"><ins class="diff-new">
+plain
+literal
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+created
+from
+the
+string.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+If
+a
+number
+is
+detected,
+generate
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed_literal" href="#dfn-typed_literal"><ins class="diff-new">
+typed
+literal
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+using
+a
+string
+representation
+of
+the
+value
+with
+datatype
+set
+to
+either
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+xsd:integer
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+or
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+xsd:double
+</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-new">
+depending
+on
+if
+the
+value
+contains
+a
+fractional
+and/or
+an
+exponential
+component.
+Generate
+a
+triple
+using
+the
+</ins><a class="tref" title="active__subject"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+the
+generated
+typed
+literal.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
+Otherwise,
+if
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-new">
+true
+</ins></strong><ins class="diff-new">
+or
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-new">
+false
+</ins></strong><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+detected,
+generate
+a
+triple
+using
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_subject" href="#dfn-active_subject"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+subject
+</ins></a>,<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active_object" href="#dfn-active_object"><ins class="diff-new">
+active
+object
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+and
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed_literal" href="#dfn-typed_literal"><ins class="diff-new">
+typed
+literal
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
+value
+created
+from
+the
+string
+representation
+of
+the
+value
+with
+datatype
+set
+to
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+xsd:boolean
+</ins></code>.</li></ol></div><div id="best-practices" class="section"><h2><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+8.
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
+Best
+Practices
+</ins></h2><p><ins class="diff-new">
+The
+nature
+of
+Web
+programming
+allows
+one
+to
+use
+basic
+technologies,
+such
+as
+JSON-LD,
+across
+a
+variety
+of
+systems
+and
+environments.
+This
+section
+attempts
+to
+describe
+some
+of
+those
+environments
+and
+the
+way
+in
+which
+JSON-LD
+can
+be
+integrated
+in
+order
+to
+help
+alleviate
+certain
+development
+headaches.
+</ins>
+</p>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+...
+ "example:code" : ,
+...
+</del>
+<div id="javascript" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<ins class="diff-chg">8.1
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+JavaScript
+</ins></h3><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+It
+is
+expected
+that
+JSON-LD
+will
+be
+used
+quite
+a
+bit
+in
+JavaScript
+environments,
+however,
+features
+like
+the
+expanded
+form
+for
+object
+values
+mean
+that
+using
+JSON-LD
+directly
+in
+JavaScript
+may
+be
+annoying
+without
+a
+middleware
+layer
+such
+as
+a
+simple
+library
+that
+converts
+JSON-LD
+markup
+before
+JavaScript
+uses
+it.
+One
+could
+say
+that
+JSON-LD
+is
+a
+good
+fit
+for
+the
+RDF
+API,
+which
+enables
+a
+variety
+of
+RDF-based
+Web
+Applications,
+but
+some
+don't
+want
+to
+require
+that
+level
+of
+functionality
+just
+to
+use
+JSON-LD.
+The
+group
+is
+still
+discussing
+the
+best
+way
+to
+proceed,
+so
+input
+on
+how
+JSON-LD
+could
+more
+easily
+be
+utilized
+in
+JavaScript
+environments
+would
+be
+very
+much
+appreciated.
+</ins></p></div><div id="schema-less-databases" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+8.2
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Schema-less
+Databases
+</ins></h3><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Databases
+such
+as
+CouchDB
+and
+MongoDB
+allow
+the
+creation
+of
+schema-less
+data
+stores.
+RDF
+is
+a
+type
+of
+schema-less
+data
+model
+and
+thus
+lends
+itself
+to
+databases
+such
+as
+CouchDB
+and
+MongoDB.
+Both
+of
+these
+databases
+can
+use
+JSON-LD
+as
+their
+storage
+format.
+The
+group
+needs
+feedback
+from
+CouchDB
+and
+MongoDB
+experts
+regarding
+the
+usefulness
+of
+JSON-LD
+in
+those
+environments.
+</ins></p><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+MongoDB
+does
+not
+allow
+the
+'.'
+character
+to
+be
+used
+in
+key
+names.
+This
+prevents
+developers
+from
+storing
+IRIs
+as
+keys,
+which
+also
+prevents
+storage
+of
+the
+data
+in
+normalized
+form.
+While
+this
+issue
+can
+be
+avoided
+by
+using
+CURIEs
+for
+key
+values,
+it
+is
+not
+known
+if
+this
+mechanism
+is
+enough
+to
+allow
+JSON-LD
+to
+be
+used
+in
+MongoDB
+in
+a
+way
+that
+is
+useful
+to
+developers.
+</ins></p></div></div><div id="advanced-concepts" class="section"><h2><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+9.
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Advanced
+Concepts
+</ins></h2><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+There
+are
+a
+few
+advanced
+concepts
+where
+it
+is
+not
+clear
+whether
+or
+not
+the
+JSON-LD
+specification
+is
+going
+to
+support
+the
+complexity
+necessary
+to
+support
+each
+concept.
+The
+entire
+section
+on
+Advanced
+Concepts
+should
+be
+considered
+as
+discussion
+points;
+it
+is
+merely
+a
+list
+of
+possibilities
+where
+all
+of
+the
+benefits
+and
+drawbacks
+have
+not
+been
+explored.
+</ins></p><div id="vocabulary-profiles" class="section"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+9.1
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Vocabulary
+Profiles
+</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+One
+of
+the
+more
+powerful
+features
+of
+RDFa
+1.1
+Core
+is
+the
+ability
+to
+specify
+a
+collection
+of
+prefixes
+and
+terms
+that
+can
+be
+re-used
+by
+a
+processor
+to
+simplfy
+markup.
+JSON-LD
+provides
+a
+similar
+mechanism
+called
+Vocabulary
+Profiles,
+which
+is
+the
+inclusion
+of
+a
+context
+external
+to
+the
+JSON-LD
+document.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+example
+below
+demonstrates
+how
+one
+may
+specify
+an
+external
+Vocabulary
+Profile.
+Assume
+the
+following
+profile
+exists
+at
+this
+imaginary
+URL:
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+http://example.org/profiles/contacts
+</ins></code>.</p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ "@context":
+ {
+ "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
+ "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "age": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age",
+ "homepage": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
+ "#types":
+ {
+ "age": "xsd:integer",
+ "homepage": "xsd:anyURI",
+ }
+ }
+}
+</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+profile
+listed
+above
+can
+be
+used
+in
+the
+following
+way:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ "@profile": "http://example.org/profiles/contacts",
+ "name": "John Smith",
+ "age": "41",
+ "homepage": "http://example.org/home/"
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-new">The
+example
+above
+would
+generate
+the
+following
+triples:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">_:bnode1
+<ins class="diff-new">
+ <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name>
+ "John Smith" .
+_:bnode1
+ <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age>
+ "41"^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer .
+_:bnode1
+ <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage>
+<http://example.org/home/>
+.
+</ins></pre>
+</div>
+<div id="disjoint-graphs" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">5.11
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">9.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+<del class="diff-old">Automatic
+Typing
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Disjoint
+Graphs
+</ins>
+</h3>
+<del class="diff-old">{
+...
+ // This value is automatically converted to having a type of xsd:decimal
+ "measure:cups" : ,
+ // This value is automatically converted to having a type of xsd:integer
+ "chem:protons" : ,
+ // This value is automatically converted to having a type of xsd:boolean
+ "sensor:active" : ,
+...
+</del>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-chg">When
+serializing
+an
+RDF
+graph
+that
+contains
+two
+or
+more
+sections
+of
+the
+graph
+which
+are
+entirely
+disjoint,
+one
+must
+use
+an
+array
+to
+express
+the
+graph
+as
+two
+graphs.
+This
+may
+not
+be
+acceptable
+to
+some
+authors,
+who
+would
+rather
+express
+the
+information
+as
+one
+graph.
+Since,
+by
+definition,
+disjoint
+graphs
+require
+there
+to
+be
+two
+top-level
+objects,
+JSON-LD
+utilizes
+a
+mechanism
+that
+allows
+disjoint
+graphs
+to
+be
+expressed
+using
+a
+single
+graph.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+Assume
+the
+following
+RDF
+graph:
+</ins></p><pre class="example"><http://example.org/people#john>
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type>
+ <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> .
+<http://example.org/people#jane>
+ <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type>
+<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person>
+.
+</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+Since
+the
+two
+subjects
+are
+entirely
+disjoint
+with
+one
+another,
+it
+is
+impossible
+to
+express
+the
+RDF
+graph
+above
+using
+a
+single
+JSON-LD
+associative
+array.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+In
+JSON-LD,
+one
+can
+use
+the
+subject
+to
+express
+disjoint
+graphs
+as
+a
+single
+graph:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">{
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ "@":
+ [
+ {
+ "@": "http://example.org/people#john",
+ "a": "foaf:Person"
+ },
+ {
+ "@": "http://example.org/people#jane",
+ "a": "foaf:Person"
+ }
+ ]
+</ins>
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+<ins class="diff-new">A
+disjoint
+graph
+could
+also
+be
+expressed
+like
+so:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">[
+<ins class="diff-new">
+ {
+ "@": "http://example.org/people#john",
+ "a": "foaf:Person"
+ },
+ {
+ "@": "http://example.org/people#jane",
+ "a": "foaf:Person"
+ }
+]
+</ins></pre>
+</div>
+<div id="the-json-ld-api" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<ins class="diff-new">9.3
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
+The
+JSON-LD
+API
+</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-new">
+This
+API
+provides
+a
+clean
+mechanism
+that
+enables
+developers
+to
+convert
+JSON-LD
+data
+into
+a
+format
+that
+is
+easier
+to
+work
+with
+in
+various
+programming
+languages.
+</ins></p><pre class="idl"><span class="idlInterface" id="idl-def-JSONLDProcessor">[<span class="extAttr">NoInterfaceObject</span>]
+<ins class="diff-new">
+interface <span class="idlInterfaceID">JSONLDProcessor</span> {
+</ins><span class="idlMethod"> <span class="idlMethType"><a>object</a></span> <span class="idlMethName"><a href="#widl-JSONLDProcessor-toProjection-object-DOMString-jsonld-object-template-DOMString-subject-JSONLDParserCallback-callback">toProjection</a></span> (<span class="idlParam">in <span class="idlParamType"><a>DOMString</a></span> <span class="idlParamName">jsonld</span></span>, <span class="idlParam">in <span class="idlParamType"><a>object</a>?</span> <span class="idlParamName">template</span></span>, <span class="idlParam">in <span class="idlParamType"><a>DOMString</a>?</span> <span class="idlParamName">subject</span></span>, <span class="idlParam">in optional <span class="idlParamType"><a>JSONLDParserCallback</a>?</span> <span class="idlParamName">callback</span></span>);</span>
+<span class="idlMethod"> <span class="idlMethType"><a>Graph</a></span> <span class="idlMethName"><a href="#widl-JSONLDProcessor-toGraph-Graph-DOMString-jsonld-JSONLDParserCallback-callback">toGraph</a></span> (<span class="idlParam">in <span class="idlParamType"><a>DOMString</a></span> <span class="idlParamName">jsonld</span></span>, <span class="idlParam">in optional <span class="idlParamType"><a>JSONLDParserCallback</a>?</span> <span class="idlParamName">callback</span></span>);</span>
+<ins class="diff-new">
+};</span>
+</ins></pre><div id="methods" class="section"><h4><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+9.3.1
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
+Methods
+</ins></h4><dl class="methods"><dt id="widl-JSONLDProcessor-toGraph-Graph-DOMString-jsonld-JSONLDParserCallback-callback"><code><ins class="diff-new">
+toGraph
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
+Parses
+JSON-LD
+and
+transforms
+the
+data
+into
+an
+Graph,
+which
+is
+compatible
+with
+the
+RDF
+Interfaces
+API
+specification
+[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-INTERFACES"><ins class="diff-new">
+RDF-INTERFACES
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-new">
+].
+This
+method
+will
+return
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
+null
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
+if
+there
+are
+any
+errors,
+or
+if
+the
+RDF
+Interfaces
+API
+is
+not
+available
+for
+use.
+</ins><table class="parameters"><tr><th><ins class="diff-new">
+Parameter
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-new">
+Type
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-new">
+Nullable
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-new">
+Optional
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-new">
+Description
+</ins></th></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-new">
+jsonld
+</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a><ins class="diff-new">
+DOMString
+</ins></a></code></td><td class="prmNullFalse"><ins class="diff-new">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><ins class="diff-new">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-new">
+The
+JSON-LD
+string
+to
+parse
+into
+the
+RDFGraph.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-new">
+callback
+</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a><ins class="diff-new">
+JSONLDParserCallback
+</ins></a></code></td><td class="prmNullTrue"><ins class="diff-new">
+✔
+</ins></td><td class="prmOptTrue"><ins class="diff-new">
+✔
+</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-new">
+A
+callback
+that
+is
+called
+whenever
+a
+processing
+error
+occurs
+on
+the
+given
+JSON-LD
+string.
+</ins></td></tr></table><div><em><ins class="diff-new">
+No
+exceptions.
+</ins></em>
+</div>
+<div>
+<em>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Return
+type:
+</ins></em><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+Graph
+</ins></a></code></div></dd><dt id="widl-JSONLDProcessor-toProjection-object-DOMString-jsonld-object-template-DOMString-subject-JSONLDParserCallback-callback"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+toProjection
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+Parses
+JSON-LD
+text
+into
+an
+RDF
+API
+Projection
+object
+as
+specified
+by
+the
+RDF
+API
+specification
+[
+</ins><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-API"><ins class="diff-chg">
+RDF-API
+</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
+].
+If
+there
+are
+any
+errors,
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+null
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+returned.
+</ins><table class="parameters"><tr><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Parameter
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Type
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Nullable
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Optional
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Description
+</ins></th></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-chg">
+jsonld
+</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+DOMString
+</ins></a></code></td><td class="prmNullFalse"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+JSON-LD
+string
+to
+parse
+into
+the
+Projection.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-chg">
+template
+</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+object
+</ins></a></code></td><td class="prmNullTrue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✔
+</ins></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+Projection
+template
+to
+use
+when
+building
+the
+Projection.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-chg">
+subject
+</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+DOMString
+</ins></a></code></td><td class="prmNullTrue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✔
+</ins></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+subject
+to
+use
+when
+building
+the
+Projection.
+</ins></td></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-chg">
+callback
+</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+JSONLDParserCallback
+</ins></a></code></td><td class="prmNullTrue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✔
+</ins></td><td class="prmOptTrue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✔
+</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+callback
+that
+is
+called
+whenever
+a
+processing
+error
+occurs
+on
+the
+given
+JSON-LD
+string.
+</ins></td></tr></table><div><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+No
+exceptions.
+</ins></em></div><div><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+Return
+type:
+</ins></em><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+object
+</ins></a></code></div></dd></dl></div><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+JSONLDParserCallback
+is
+called
+whenever
+a
+processing
+error
+occurs
+on
+input
+data.
+</ins></p><pre class="idl"><span class="idlInterface" id="idl-def-JSONLDProcessorCallback">[<span class="extAttr">NoInterfaceObject Callback</span>]
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+interface <span class="idlInterfaceID">JSONLDProcessorCallback</span> {
+</ins><span class="idlMethod"> <span class="idlMethType"><a>void</a></span> <span class="idlMethName"><a href="#widl-JSONLDProcessorCallback-error-void-DOMString-error">error</a></span> (<span class="idlParam">in <span class="idlParamType"><a>DOMString</a></span> <span class="idlParamName">error</span></span>);</span>
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+};</span>
+</ins></pre><div id="methods-1" class="section"><h4><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+9.3.2
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Methods
+</ins></h4><dl class="methods"><dt id="widl-JSONLDProcessorCallback-error-void-DOMString-error"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+error
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+This
+callback
+is
+invoked
+whenever
+an
+error
+occurs
+during
+processing.
+</ins><table class="parameters"><tr><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Parameter
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Type
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Nullable
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Optional
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Description
+</ins></th></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-chg">
+error
+</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+DOMString
+</ins></a></code></td><td class="prmNullFalse"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+descriptive
+error
+string
+returned
+by
+the
+processor.
+</ins></td></tr></table><div><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+No
+exceptions.
+</ins></em></div><div><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+Return
+type:
+</ins></em><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+void
+</ins></a></code></div></dd></dl></div><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+following
+example
+demonstrates
+how
+to
+convert
+JSON-LD
+to
+a
+projection
+that
+is
+directly
+usable
+in
+a
+programming
+environment:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">// retrieve JSON-LD from a Web Service
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+var jsonldString = fetchPerson();
+
+// This map, usually defined once per script, defines how to map incoming
+// JSON-LD to JavaScript objects
+var myTemplate = { "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name" : "name",
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age" : "age",
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage" : "homepage" };
+
+// Map the JSON-LD to a language-native object
+var person = jsonld.toProjection(jsonldString, myTemplate);
+
+// Use the language-native object
+alert(person.name + " is " + person.age + " years old. " +
+"Their
+homepage
+is:
+"
++
+person.homepage);
+</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+A
+JSON-LD
+Serializer
+is
+also
+available
+to
+map
+a
+language-native
+object
+to
+JSON-LD.
+</ins></p><pre class="idl"><span class="idlInterface" id="idl-def-JSONLDSerializer">[<span class="extAttr">NoInterfaceObject</span>]
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+interface <span class="idlInterfaceID">JSONLDSerializer</span> {
+</ins><span class="idlMethod"> <span class="idlMethType"><a>DOMString</a></span> <span class="idlMethName"><a href="#widl-JSONLDSerializer-normalize-DOMString-object-obj">normalize</a></span> (<span class="idlParam">in <span class="idlParamType"><a>object</a></span> <span class="idlParamName">obj</span></span>);</span>
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+};</span>
+</ins></pre><div id="methods-2" class="section"><h4><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
+9.3.3
+</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
+Methods
+</ins></h4><dl class="methods"><dt id="widl-JSONLDSerializer-normalize-DOMString-object-obj"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+normalize
+</ins></code></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
+Serializes
+a
+language-native
+object
+into
+a
+normalized
+JSON-LD
+string.
+Normalization
+is
+important
+when
+performing
+things
+like
+equality
+comparison
+and
+digital
+signature
+creation
+and
+verification.
+</ins><table class="parameters"><tr><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Parameter
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Type
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Nullable
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Optional
+</ins></th><th><ins class="diff-chg">
+Description
+</ins></th></tr><tr><td class="prmName"><ins class="diff-chg">
+obj
+</ins></td><td class="prmType"><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+object
+</ins></a></code></td><td class="prmNullFalse"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><ins class="diff-chg">
+✘
+</ins></td><td class="prmDesc"><ins class="diff-chg">
+An
+associative
+array
+of
+key-value
+pairs
+that
+should
+be
+converted
+to
+a
+JSON-LD
+string.
+It
+is
+assumed
+that
+a
+map
+already
+exists
+for
+the
+data.
+</ins></td></tr></table><div><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+No
+exceptions.
+</ins></em></div><div><em><ins class="diff-chg">
+Return
+type:
+</ins></em><code><a><ins class="diff-chg">
+DOMString
+</ins></a></code></div></dd></dl></div><h3 id="the-normalization-algorithm"><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+Normalization
+Algorithm
+</ins></h3><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+This
+algorithm
+is
+very
+rough,
+untested,
+and
+probably
+contains
+many
+bugs.
+Use
+at
+your
+own
+risk.
+It
+will
+change
+in
+the
+coming
+months.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+The
+JSON-LD
+normalization
+algorithm
+is
+as
+follows:
+</ins></p><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Remove
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+@context
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+key
+and
+preserve
+it
+as
+the
+</ins><dfn title="transformation_map" id="dfn-transformation_map"><ins class="diff-chg">
+transformation
+map
+</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-chg">
+while
+running
+this
+algorithm.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+For
+each
+key
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+key
+is
+a
+CURIE,
+expand
+the
+CURIE
+to
+an
+IRI
+using
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="transformation_map" href="#dfn-transformation_map"><ins class="diff-chg">
+transformation
+map
+</ins></a>.</li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+For
+each
+value
+</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+value
+should
+be
+type
+coerced
+per
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="transformation_map" href="#dfn-transformation_map"><ins class="diff-chg">
+transformation
+map
+</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
+ensure
+that
+it
+is
+transformed
+to
+the
+new
+value.
+</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+value
+is
+a
+CURIE,
+expand
+the
+CURIE
+to
+an
+IRI
+using
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="transformation_map" href="#dfn-transformation_map"><ins class="diff-chg">
+transformation
+map
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+If
+the
+value
+is
+a
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed_literal" href="#dfn-typed_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
+typed
+literal
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+and
+the
+type
+is
+a
+CURIE,
+expand
+it
+to
+an
+IRI
+using
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="transformation_map" href="#dfn-transformation_map"><ins class="diff-chg">
+transformation
+map
+</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+When
+generating
+the
+final
+value,
+use
+expanded
+object
+value
+form
+to
+store
+all
+IRIs,
+typed
+literals
+and
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="plain_literal" href="#dfn-plain_literal"><ins class="diff-chg">
+plain
+literal
+</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
+s
+with
+language
+information.
+</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
+Output
+each
+sorted
+key-value
+pair
+without
+any
+extraneous
+whitespace.
+If
+the
+value
+is
+an
+associative
+array,
+perform
+this
+algorithm,
+starting
+at
+step
+#1,
+recursively
+on
+the
+sub-tree.
+There
+should
+be
+no
+nesting
+in
+the
+outputted
+JSON
+data.
+That
+is,
+the
+top-most
+element
+should
+be
+an
+array.
+Each
+item
+in
+the
+array
+contains
+a
+single
+subject
+with
+a
+corresponding
+array
+of
+properties
+in
+UTF-8
+sort
+order.
+Any
+related
+objects
+that
+are
+complex
+objects
+themselves
+should
+be
+given
+a
+top-level
+object
+in
+the
+top-level
+array.
+</ins></li></ol><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Note
+that
+normalizing
+named
+blank
+nodes
+is
+impossible
+at
+present
+since
+one
+would
+have
+to
+specify
+a
+blank
+node
+naming
+algorithm.
+For
+the
+time
+being,
+you
+cannot
+normalize
+graphs
+that
+contain
+named
+blank
+nodes.
+However,
+normalizing
+graphs
+that
+contain
+non-named
+blank
+nodes
+is
+supported.
+</ins></p><pre class="example">var myObj = { "@context" : {
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ "xsd" : "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
+ "name" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+ "age" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age",
+ "homepage" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
+ "@coerce": {
+ "xsd:nonNegativeInteger": "age",
+ "xsd:anyURI": "homepage"
+ }
+ },
+ "name" : "Joe Jackson",
+ "age" : "42",
+ "homepage" : "http://example.org/people/joe" };
+
+// Map the language-native object to JSON-LD
+var
+jsonldText
+=
+jsonld.normalize(myObj);
+</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+After
+the
+code
+in
+the
+example
+above
+has
+executed,
+the
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+jsonldText
+</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+will
+be
+(line-breaks
+added
+for
+readability):
+</ins></p><pre class="example">[{"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age":{"@datatype":"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger","@literal":"42"},
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage":{"@iri":"http://example.org/people/joe"},
+"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name":"Joe
+Jackson"}]
+</ins></pre><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+When
+normalizing
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+xsd:double
+</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+values,
+implementers
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-chg">
+must
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+ensure
+that
+the
+normalized
+value
+is
+a
+string.
+In
+order
+to
+generate
+the
+string
+from
+a
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+double
+</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+value,
+output
+equivalent
+to
+the
+</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
+printf("%1.6e",
+value)
+</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
+function
+in
+C
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-chg">
+must
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-chg">
+be
+used
+where
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+"%1.6e"
+</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+the
+string
+formatter
+and
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+value
+</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+is
+the
+value
+to
+be
+converted.
+</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
+To
+convert
+the
+a
+double
+value
+in
+JavaScript,
+implementers
+can
+use
+the
+following
+snippet
+of
+code:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">// the variable 'value' below is the JavaScript native double value that is to be converted
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+(value).toExponential(6).replace(/(e(?:\+|-))([0-9])$/,
+'$10$2')
+</ins></pre><p class="note"><ins class="diff-chg">
+When
+data
+needs
+to
+be
+normalized,
+JSON-LD
+authors
+should
+not
+use
+values
+that
+are
+going
+to
+undergo
+automatic
+conversion.
+This
+is
+due
+to
+the
+lossy
+nature
+of
+</ins><strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+xsd:double
+</ins></strong><ins class="diff-chg">
+values.
+</ins></p><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+Round-tripping
+data
+can
+be
+problematic
+if
+we
+mix
+and
+match
+@coerce
+rules
+with
+JSON-native
+datatypes,
+like
+integers.
+Consider
+the
+following
+code
+example:
+</ins></p><pre class="example">var myObj = { "@context" : {
+<ins class="diff-chg">
+ "number" : "http://example.com/vocab#number",
+ "@coerce": {
+ "xsd:nonNegativeInteger": "number"
+ }
+ },
+ "number" : 42 };
+
+// Map the language-native object to JSON-LD
+var jsonldText = jsonld.normalize(myObj);
+
+// Convert the normalized object back to a JavaScript object
+var
+myObj2
+=
+jsonld.parse(jsonldText);
+</ins></pre><p class="issue"><ins class="diff-chg">
+At
+this
+point,
+myObj2
+and
+myObj
+will
+have
+different
+values
+for
+the
+"number"
+value.
+myObj
+will
+be
+the
+number
+42,
+while
+myObj2
+will
+be
+the
+string
+"42".
+This
+type
+of
+data
+round-tripping
+error
+can
+bite
+developers.
+We
+are
+currently
+wondering
+if
+having
+a
+"coerce
+validation"
+phase
+in
+the
+parsing/normalization
+phases
+would
+be
+a
+good
+idea.
+It
+would
+prevent
+data
+round-tripping
+issues
+like
+the
+one
+mentioned
+above.
+</ins></p></div></div><div class="appendix section" id="the-default-context">
+<h2>
+<span class="secno">
+A.
+</span>
+<ins class="diff-new">The
+Default
+Context
+</ins></h2><p><ins class="diff-new">
+The
+</ins><dfn title="default_context" id="dfn-default_context-1"><ins class="diff-new">
+default
+context
+</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-new">
+is
+provided
+to
+ensure
+that
+there
+are
+a
+reasonable
+set
+of
+prefixes
+and
+terms
+available
+to
+all
+JSON-LD
+developers.
+Mappings
+specified
+by
+the
+</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="default_context" href="#dfn-default_context-1"><ins class="diff-new">
+default
+context
+</ins></a><em class="rfc2119" title="should not"><ins class="diff-new">
+should
+not
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+be
+overwritten
+by
+JSON-LD
+authors.
+All
+JSON-LD
+processors
+</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="must"><ins class="diff-new">
+must
+</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
+load
+the
+following
+context
+in
+as
+the
+intial
+context
+before
+processing
+JSON-LD
+text.
+</ins></p><pre>{
+<ins class="diff-new">
+ "@context":
+ {
+ "@vocab": "",
+ "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
+ "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
+ "owl": "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#",
+ "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
+ "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/",
+ "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/",
+ "cal": "http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/ical#",
+ "vcard": "http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns# ",
+ "geo": "http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#",
+ "cc": "http://creativecommons.org/ns#",
+ "sioc": "http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#",
+ "doap": "http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#",
+ "com": "http://purl.org/commerce#",
+ "ps": "http://purl.org/payswarm#",
+ "gr": "http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#",
+ "sig": "http://purl.org/signature#",
+ "ccard": "http://purl.org/commerce/creditcard#"
+ "@coerce":
+ {
+ "xsd:anyURI": ["rdf:type", "rdf:rest", "foaf:homepage", "foaf:member"],
+ "xsd:integer": "foaf:age"
+ }
+ }
+}
+</ins></pre></div><div class="appendix section" id="acknowledgements"><h2><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-new">
+B.
+</ins></span>
+Acknowledgements
+</h2>
+<p>
+The
+editor
+would
+like
+to
+thank
+Mark
+Birbeck,
+who
+provided
+a
+great
+deal
+of
+the
+rationale
+and
+reasoning
+behind
+the
+JSON-LD
+work
+via
+his
+work
+on
+RDFj,
+<ins class="diff-new">Dave
+Longley
+who
+reviewed,
+provided
+feedback,
+and
+performed
+several
+implementation
+on
+the
+specification,
+</ins>
+and
+Ian
+Davis,
+who
+created
+RDF/JSON.
+<ins class="diff-new">Thanks
+also
+to
+Nathan
+Rixham,
+Bradley
+P.
+Allen
+and
+Richard
+Cyganiak
+for
+their
+input
+on
+the
+specification.
+</ins>
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id="respec-err" style="position: fixed; width: 350px; top: 10px; right: 10px; border: 3px double #f00; background: #fff" class="removeOnSave">
+<ul>
+<li style="color: #c00">
+<ins class="diff-new">There
+appears
+to
+have
+been
+a
+problem
+fetching
+the
+style
+sheet;
+status=0
+</ins></li></ul></div>
+<div id="references" class="appendix section">
+<h2>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">B.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">C.
+</ins>
+</span>
+References
+</h2>
+<div id="normative-references" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">B.1
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">C.1
+</ins>
+</span>
+Normative
+references
+</h3>
+<dl class="bibliography">
+<dt id="bib-BCP47">
+<ins class="diff-new">[BCP47]
+</ins></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
+A.
+Phillips,
+M.
+Davis.
+</ins><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt"><cite><ins class="diff-new">
+Tags
+for
+Identifying
+Languages
+</ins></cite></a><ins class="diff-new">
+September
+2009.
+IETF
+Best
+Current
+Practice.
+URL:
+</ins><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt"><ins class="diff-new">
+http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt
+</ins></a></dd><dt id="bib-RDF-API"><ins class="diff-new">
+[RDF-API]
+</ins></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
+Manu
+Sporny,
+Benjamin
+Adrian,
+Nathan
+Rixham;
+et
+al.
+</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/2010/02/rdfa/sources/rdf-api/"><cite><ins class="diff-new">
+RDF
+API
+</ins></cite></a><ins class="diff-new">
+Latest.
+W3C
+Editor's
+Draft.
+URL:
+</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/2010/02/rdfa/sources/rdf-api/"><ins class="diff-new">
+http://www.w3.org/2010/02/rdfa/sources/rdf-api/
+</ins></a></dd><dt id="bib-RDF-CONCEPTS"><ins class="diff-new">
+[RDF-CONCEPTS]
+</ins></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
+Graham
+Klyne;
+Jeremy
+J.
+Carroll.
+</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210"><cite><ins class="diff-new">
+Resource
+Description
+Framework
+(RDF):
+Concepts
+and
+Abstract
+Syntax.
+</ins></cite></a><ins class="diff-new">
+10
+February
+2004.
+W3C
+Recommendation.
+URL:
+</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210"><ins class="diff-new">
+http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210
+</ins></a></dd><dt id="bib-RDF-INTERFACES"><ins class="diff-new">
+[RDF-INTERFACES]
+</ins></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
+Nathan
+Rixham,
+Manu
+Sporny,
+Benjamin
+Adrian;
+et
+al.
+</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/2010/02/rdfa/sources/rdf-interfaces/"><cite><ins class="diff-new">
+RDF
+Interfaces
+</ins></cite></a><ins class="diff-new">
+Latest.
+W3C
+Editor's
+Draft.
+URL:
+</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/2010/02/rdfa/sources/rdf-interfaces/"><ins class="diff-new">
+http://www.w3.org/2010/02/rdfa/sources/rdf-interfaces/
+</ins></a></dd><dt id="bib-RFC3987"><ins class="diff-new">
+[RFC3987]
+</ins></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
+M.
+D�rst;
+M.
+Suignard.
+</ins><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><cite><ins class="diff-new">
+Internationalized
+Resource
+Identifiers
+(IRIs).
+</ins></cite></a><ins class="diff-new">
+January
+2005.
+Internet
+RFC
+3987.
+URL:
+</ins><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><ins class="diff-new">
+http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt
+</ins></a></dd>
+<dt id="bib-RFC4627">
+[RFC4627]
+</dt>
+<dd>
+D.
+<del class="diff-old">Crockford
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">Crockford.
+</ins>
+<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt">
+<cite>
+The
+application/json
+Media
+Type
+for
+JavaScript
+Object
+Notation
+(JSON)
+</cite>
+</a>
+July
+2006.
+Internet
+RFC
+4627.
+URL:
+<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt">
+http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt
+</a>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+<div id="informative-references" class="section">
+<h3>
+<span class="secno">
+<del class="diff-old">B.2
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">C.2
+</ins>
+</span>
+Informative
+references
+</h3>
+<dl class="bibliography">
+<dt id="bib-MICRODATA">
+[MICRODATA]
+</dt>
+<dd>
+Ian
+Hickson;
+et
+al.
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/microdata/">
+<cite>
+Microdata
+</cite>
+</a>
+04
+March
+2010.
+W3C
+Working
+Draft.
+URL:
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/microdata/">
+http://www.w3.org/TR/microdata/
+</a>
+</dd>
+<dt id="bib-MICROFORMATS">
+[MICROFORMATS]
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<a href="http://microformats.org">
+<cite>
+Microformats
+</cite>
+</a>.
+URL:
+<a href="http://microformats.org">
+http://microformats.org
+</a>
+</dd>
+<dt id="bib-RDFA-CORE">
+[RDFA-CORE]
+</dt>
+<dd>
+Shane
+McCarron;
+et
+al.
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-rdfa-core-20110331">
+<cite>
+RDFa
+Core
+1.1:
+Syntax
+and
+processing
+rules
+for
+embedding
+RDF
+through
+attributes.
+</cite>
+</a>
+<del class="diff-old">22
+April
+2010.
+</del>
+<ins class="diff-chg">31
+March
+2011.
+</ins>
+W3C
+Working
+Draft.
+URL:
+<del class="diff-old">http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-rdfa-core-20100422
+</del>
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-rdfa-core-20110331">
+<ins class="diff-chg">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-rdfa-core-20110331
+</ins>
+</a>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file