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+</style><link href="https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-WD" rel="stylesheet"><!--[if lt IE 9]><script src='https://www.w3.org/2008/site/js/html5shiv.js'></script><![endif]--></head>
+<body class="h-entry" id="respecDocument" role="document"><div class="head" id="respecHeader" role="contentinfo">
+ <p>
+
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img width="72" height="48" alt="W3C" src="https://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home"></a>
+
+ </p>
+ <h1 class="title p-name" id="title" property="dcterms:title">DOM Parsing and Serialization</h1>
+
+ <h2 id="subtitle" property="bibo:subtitle">DOMParser, XMLSerializer, innerHTML, and similar APIs</h2>
+
+ <h2 id="w3c-last-call-working-draft-01-may-2014" property="dcterms:issued" content="2014-05-01T07:00:00.000Z" datatype="xsd:dateTime"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Last Call Working Draft <time class="dt-published" datetime="2014-05-01">01 May 2014</time></h2>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>This version:</dt>
+ <dd><a class="u-url" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2014/WD-DOM-Parsing-20140501/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2014/WD-DOM-Parsing-20140501/</a></dd>
+ <dt>Latest published version:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Parsing/">http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Parsing/</a></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/innerhtml/raw-file/tip/index.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/innerhtml/raw-file/tip/index.html</a></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Test suite:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://w3c-test.org/domparsing/">http://w3c-test.org/domparsing/</a></dd>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <dt>Previous version:</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-DOM-Parsing-20131210/" rel="dcterms:replaces">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-DOM-Parsing-20131210/</a></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Editor:</dt>
+ <dd class="p-author h-card vcard" inlist="" rel="bibo:editor"><span typeof="foaf:Person"><span class="p-name fn" property="foaf:name">Travis Leithead</span>, <a class="p-org org h-org h-card" href="http://www.microsoft.com" rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage">Microsoft</a>, <span class="ed_mailto"><a class="u-email email" href="mailto:travis.leithead@microsoft.com" rel="foaf:mbox">travis.leithead@microsoft.com</a></span></span>
+</dd>
+
+
+
+ </dl>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <p class="copyright">
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> ©
+ 2014
+
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup>
+ (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>,
+ <a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>,
+ <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>, <a href="http://ev.buaa.edu.cn/">Beihang</a>),
+
+ All Rights Reserved.
+
+ <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>,
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and
+
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a>
+
+ rules apply.
+ </p>
+
+
+ <hr>
+</div>
+
+ <section class="introductory" id="abstract" typeof="bibo:Chapter" property="dcterms:abstract" datatype="" rel="bibo:Chapter" resource="#abstract"><h2 id="h2_abstract" role="heading" aria-level="1">Abstract</h2>
+ <p>This specification defines various APIs for programmatic access to
+ HTML and generic XML parsers by web applications for use in parsing
+ and serializing DOM nodes.</p>
+ </section><section class="introductory" id="sotd" typeof="bibo:Chapter" rel="bibo:Chapter" resource="#sotd"><h2 id="h2_sotd" role="heading" aria-level="1">Status of This Document</h2>
+
+
+
+ <p>
+ <em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication.
+ Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> publications and the
+ latest revision of this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> technical reports index</a> at
+ http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em>
+ </p>
+
+ <p>This specification is based on the original work of the <a href="http://domparsing.spec.whatwg.org/">
+ DOM Parsing and Serialization</a> Living Specification, though it has diverged in terms of
+ supported features, normative requirements, and algorithm specificity. As appropriate,
+ relevant fixes from the living specification are incorporated into this document.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2008/webapps/">Web Applications Working Group</a> as a Last Call Working Draft.
+
+ This document is intended to become a <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Recommendation.
+
+
+ If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to
+ <a href="mailto:www-dom@w3.org?subject=DOM-Parsing">www-dom@w3.org</a>
+ (<a href="mailto:www-dom-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>,
+ <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-dom/">archives</a>)
+ with <code>DOM-Parsing</code> at the start of your email's subject.
+
+ The Last Call period ends 22 May 2014.
+
+
+ All comments are welcome.
+
+ </p>
+
+
+ <p>
+ Publication as a Last Call Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>
+ Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other
+ documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in
+ progress.
+ </p>
+
+
+
+ <p>
+ This is a Last Call Working Draft and thus the Working Group has determined that this
+ document has satisfied the relevant technical requirements and is sufficiently stable to
+ advance through the Technical Recommendation process.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>
+
+ This document was produced by a group operating under the
+ <a id="sotd_patent" href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/" rel="w3p:patentRules" about="">5 February 2004 <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent
+ Policy</a>.
+
+
+
+
+ <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/42538/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent
+ disclosures</a>
+
+ made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes
+ instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent
+ which the individual believes contains
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential
+ Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section
+ 6 of the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent Policy</a>.
+
+
+ </p>
+
+
+
+
+</section><section id="toc"><h2 class="introductory" id="h2_toc" role="heading" aria-level="1">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc" id="respecContents" role="directory"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#conformance"><span class="secno">1. </span>Conformance</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#dependencies"><span class="secno">1.1 </span>Dependencies</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#extensibility"><span class="secno">1.2 </span>Extensibility</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#terminology"><span class="secno">2. </span>Terminology</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#namespaces"><span class="secno">3. </span>Namespaces</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#parsing-and-serializing-nodes"><span class="secno">4. </span>Parsing and serializing <span title="node" class="formerLink">Node</span>s</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#parsing"><span class="secno">4.1 </span>Parsing</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#serializing"><span class="secno">4.2 </span>Serializing</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#the-domparser-interface"><span class="secno">5. </span>The <code>DOMParser</code> interface</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#methods"><span class="secno">5.1 </span>Methods</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#the-xmlserializer-interface"><span class="secno">6. </span>The <code>XMLSerializer</code> interface</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#methods-1"><span class="secno">6.1 </span>Methods</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#extensions-to-the-element-interface"><span class="secno">7. </span>Extensions to the <code><span title="element" class="formerLink">Element</span></code> interface</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#attributes"><span class="secno">7.1 </span>Attributes</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#methods-2"><span class="secno">7.2 </span>Methods</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#extensions-to-the-range-interface"><span class="secno">8. </span>Extensions to the <code><span title="range" class="formerLink">Range</span></code> interface</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#methods-3"><span class="secno">8.1 </span>Methods</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#acknowledgements"><span class="secno">A. </span>Acknowledgements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#references"><span class="secno">B. </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#normative-references"><span class="secno">B.1 </span>Normative references</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#informative-references"><span class="secno">B.2 </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></section>
+
+
+
+ <!--
+ <section id="issues" class="introductory">
+ <h1>Issues</h1>
+
+ <p class=issue>Open issues that appear throughout the remainder of this
+ document will be highlighted like this.</p>
+ </section>
+ -->
+
+ <section id="conformance" typeof="bibo:Chapter" rel="bibo:Chapter" resource="#conformance"><!--OddPage--><h2 id="h2_conformance" role="heading" aria-level="1"><span class="secno">1. </span>Conformance</h2>
+<p>
+ As well as sections marked as non-normative, all authoring guidelines, diagrams, examples,
+ and notes in this specification are non-normative. Everything else in this specification is
+ normative.
+</p>
+<p>
+ The key words <em title="MUST" class="rfc2119">MUST</em>, <em title="MUST NOT" class="rfc2119">MUST NOT</em>, <em title="REQUIRED" class="rfc2119">REQUIRED</em>, <em title="SHOULD" class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em>, <em title="SHOULD NOT" class="rfc2119">SHOULD NOT</em>, <em title="RECOMMENDED" class="rfc2119">RECOMMENDED</em>, <em title="MAY" class="rfc2119">MAY</em>,
+ and <em title="OPTIONAL" class="rfc2119">OPTIONAL</em> in this specification are to be interpreted as described in [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC2119">RFC2119</a></cite>].
+</p>
+
+ <p>Requirements phrased in the imperative as part of algorithms
+ (such as "strip any leading space characters" or "return false and
+ terminate these steps") are to be interpreted with the meaning of the
+ key word ("must", "should", "may", etc) used in introducing the
+ algorithm.</p>
+
+ <p>Conformance requirements phrased as algorithms or specific steps
+ may be implemented in any manner, so long as the end result is
+ equivalent. (In particular, the algorithms defined in this
+ specification are intended to be easy to follow, and not intended to
+ be performant.)</p>
+
+ <p id="hardwareLimitations">User agents may impose
+ implementation-specific limits on otherwise unconstrained inputs,
+ e.g. to prevent denial of service attacks, to guard against running
+ out of memory, or to work around platform-specific limitations.</p>
+
+ <p>When a method or an attribute is said to call another method or
+ attribute, the user agent must invoke its internal API for that
+ attribute or method so that e.g. the author can't change the behavior
+ by overriding attributes or methods with custom properties or functions
+ in ECMAScript.</p>
+
+ <p>Unless otherwise stated, string comparisons are done in a <a title="case-sensitive" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#case-sensitive">
+ case-sensitive</a> manner.</p>
+
+ <p>If an algorithm calls into another algorithm, any exception that is
+ thrown by the latter (unless it is explicitly caught), must cause the
+ former to terminate, and the exception to be propagated up to
+ <em>its</em> caller.</p>
+
+ <section id="dependencies">
+ <h3 id="h3_dependencies" role="heading" aria-level="2"><span class="secno">1.1 </span>Dependencies</h3>
+
+ <p>The IDL fragments in this specification must be interpreted as
+ required for conforming IDL fragments, as described in the Web IDL
+ specification. [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-WEBIDL">WEBIDL</a></cite>]</p>
+
+ <p>Some of the terms used in this specification are defined in
+ [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-DOM4">DOM4</a></cite>], [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-HTML5">HTML5</a></cite>], and [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-XML10">XML10</a></cite>].
+ </p></section>
+
+ <section id="extensibility">
+ <h3 id="h3_extensibility" role="heading" aria-level="2"><span class="secno">1.2 </span>Extensibility</h3>
+
+ <p>Vendor-specific proprietary extensions to this specification are
+ strongly discouraged. Authors must not use such extensions, as
+ doing so reduces interoperability and fragments the user base,
+ allowing only users of specific user agents to access the content in
+ question.</p>
+
+ <p>If vendor-specific extensions are needed, the members should be
+ prefixed by vendor-specific strings to prevent clashes with future
+ versions of this specification. Extensions must be defined so that
+ the use of extensions neither contradicts nor causes the
+ non-conformance of functionality defined in the specification.</p>
+
+ <p>When vendor-neutral extensions to this specification are needed,
+ either this specification can be updated accordingly, or an
+ extension specification can be written that overrides the
+ requirements in this specification. When someone applying this
+ specification to their activities decides that they will recognise
+ the requirements of such an extension specification, it becomes an
+ <dfn title="other applicable specifications" id="dfn-other-applicable-specifications">applicable
+ specification</dfn> for the purposes of conformance requirements in
+ this specification.</p>
+ <!-- http://www.w3.org/mid/17E341CD-E790-422C-9F9A-69347EE01CEB@iki.fi -->
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="terminology">
+ <!--OddPage--><h2 id="h2_terminology" role="heading" aria-level="1"><span class="secno">2. </span>Terminology</h2>
+
+ <p>The term <dfn id="dfn-context-object">context object</dfn> means the object on which the method or
+ attribute being discussed was called.
+ </p></section>
+
+ <section id="namespaces">
+ <!--OddPage--><h2 id="h2_namespaces" role="heading" aria-level="1"><span class="secno">3. </span>Namespaces</h2>
+
+ <p>The <dfn title="html-ns" id="dfn-html-ns">HTML namespace</dfn> is <code>http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml</code>.
+ <p>The <dfn title="xml-ns" id="dfn-xml-ns">XML namespace</dfn> is <code>http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace</code>.
+ <p>The <dfn title="xmlns-ns" id="dfn-xmlns-ns">XMLNS namespace</dfn> is <code>http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/</code>.
+ </p></section>
+
+ <section id="parsing-and-serializing-nodes">
+ <!--OddPage--><h2 id="h2_parsing-and-serializing-nodes" role="heading" aria-level="1"><span class="secno">4. </span>Parsing and serializing <a title="node" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#node">Node</a>s</h2>
+
+ <section id="parsing">
+ <h3 id="h3_parsing" role="heading" aria-level="2"><span class="secno">4.1 </span>Parsing</h3>
+
+ <p>The following steps form the
+ <dfn title="concept-parse-fragment" id="dfn-concept-parse-fragment">fragment parsing algorithm</dfn>, whose
+ arguments are a <var>markup</var> string and a
+ <var>context element</var>:
+
+ <ol>
+ <li>
+ <p>If the <var>context element</var>'s
+ <a title="concept-node-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-node-document">node document</a>
+ is an <a title="html-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#html-document">HTML document</a>: let
+ <var>algorithm</var> be the
+ <a title="html-fragment-parsing-algorithm" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/single-page.html#html-fragment-parsing-algorithm">HTML
+ fragment parsing algorithm</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <var>context element</var>'s
+ <a title="concept-node-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-node-document">node document</a>
+ is an <a title="xml-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#xml-document">XML document</a>: let
+ <var>algorithm</var> be the
+ <a title="xml-fragment-parsing-algorithm" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/single-page.html#xml-fragment-parsing-algorithm">XML
+ fragment parsing algorithm</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>Invoke <var>algorithm</var> with <var>markup</var> as
+ the <var>input</var>, and <var>context element</var> as the
+ <var><a title="concept-frag-parse-context" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/single-page.html#concept-frag-parse-context">context</a></var>
+ element.</li>
+
+ <li>Let <var>new children</var> be the nodes returned.</li>
+
+ <li>Let <var>fragment</var> be a new
+ <code><a title="documentfragment" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#documentfragment">DocumentFragment</a></code> whose
+ <a title="concept-node-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-node-document">node document</a>
+ is <var>context element</var>'s
+ <a title="concept-node-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-node-document">node document</a>.
+
+ <li><a title="concept-node-append" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-node-append">Append</a>
+ each <a title="concept-node" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-node">node</a> in
+ <var>new children</var> to <var>fragment</var>
+ (in <a title="concept-tree-order" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-tree-order">tree order</a>).
+
+ <div class="note"><div class="note-title" id="h_note_1" role="heading" aria-level="3"><span>Note</span></div><p>This ensures the
+ <a title="concept-node-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-node-document">node document</a>
+ for the new <a title="concept-node" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-node">nodes</a> is correct.
+
+ </p></div><li>Return <var>fragment</var>.
+ </li></ol>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="serializing">
+ <h3 id="h3_serializing" role="heading" aria-level="2"><span class="secno">4.2 </span>Serializing</h3>
+ <p>The following steps form the
+ <dfn title="concept-fragment-serializing-algorithm" id="dfn-concept-fragment-serializing-algorithm">fragment serializing algorithm</dfn>,
+ whose arguments are a <code><a title="node" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#node">Node</a></code>
+ <var>node</var> and a flag <dfn title="concept-well-formed" id="dfn-concept-well-formed">require well-formed</dfn>:
+
+ <ol>
+ <li>Let <var>context document</var> be <var>node</var>'s
+ <a title="concept-node-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-node-document">node document</a>.
+ <li>If <var>context document</var> is an
+ <a title="html-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#html-document">HTML document</a>,
+ return an <a title="concept-serialize-html" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-serialize-html">HTML serialization</a> of <var>node</var>.
+ <li>Otherwise, <var>context document</var> is an
+ <a title="xml-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#xml-document">XML document</a>;
+ return an <a title="concept-serialize-xml" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-serialize-xml">XML serialization</a> of <var>node</var>
+ passing the flag <var>require well-formed</var>.
+ <div class="note"><div class="note-title" id="h_note_2" role="heading" aria-level="3"><span>Note</span></div><p>The <a title="concept-serialize-xml" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-serialize-xml">XML serialization</a> defined in this document
+ conforms to the requirements of the <a title="xml-fragment-serialization-algorithm" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/single-page.html#xml-fragment-serialization-algorithm">XML fragment serialization algorithm</a> defined in [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-HTML5">HTML5</a></cite>].</p></div>
+ </li></ol>
+
+ <p>To produce an <dfn title="concept-serialize-html" id="dfn-concept-serialize-html">HTML serialization</dfn> of a
+ <code><a title="node" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#node">Node</a></code> <var>node</var>, the user agent
+ must run the
+ <a title="html-fragment-serialization-algorithm" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/single-page.html#html-fragment-serialization-algorithm">HTML
+ fragment serialization algorithm</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-HTML5">HTML5</a></cite>] on <var>node</var> and return the string produced.
+
+ <p>To produce an <dfn title="concept-serialize-xml" id="dfn-concept-serialize-xml">XML serialization</dfn> of a
+ <code><a title="node" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#node">Node</a></code> <var>node</var> given a
+ flag <var>require well-formed</var>, run the following steps:
+ <ol>
+ <li>Let <dfn title="concept-context-namespace" id="dfn-concept-context-namespace">context namespace</dfn> be <code>null</code>.
+ The <a title="concept-context-namespace" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-context-namespace">context namespace</a> is changed when a
+ <var>node</var> serializes a different default namespace definition from its parent. The
+ algorithm assumes no namespace to start.
+ <li>Let <dfn title="concept-namespace-prefix-map" id="dfn-concept-namespace-prefix-map">namespace prefix map</dfn> be a new map
+ for associating <code>namespaceURI</code> and namespace <code>prefix</code> pairs, where
+ <code>namespaceURI</code> values are the map's keys, and <code>prefix</code> values are
+ the map's key values. The <a title="concept-namespace-prefix-map" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-namespace-prefix-map">namespace prefix map</a>
+ will be populated by previously seen namespaceURIs and their most recent prefix associations
+ for a subtree. <span class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> the
+ <a title="concept-namespace-prefix-map" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-namespace-prefix-map">namespace prefix map</a> only associates a single
+ prefix value with a given namespaceURI. During serialization, if different namespace prefixes
+ are found that map to the same namespaceURI, the last one encountered "wins" by replacing the
+ existing key value in the map with the new prefix value.</span>
+ <li>Initialize the <a title="concept-namespace-prefix-map" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-namespace-prefix-map">namespace prefix map</a> with the
+ <a title="xml-ns" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-xml-ns">XML namespace</a> key and string <code>"xml"</code> as the key value.
+ <li>Let <dfn title="concept-generated-prefix" id="dfn-concept-generated-prefix">generated namespace prefix index</dfn> be an integer
+ with a value of <code>1</code>. The <a title="concept-generated-prefix" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-generated-prefix">generated namespace
+ prefix index</a> is used to generate a new unique prefix value when no suitable existing
+ namespace prefix is available to serialize a <var>node</var>'s namespaceURI (or the namespaceURI
+ of one of <var>node</var>'s attributes). <span class="note">See the
+ <a title="concept-generate-prefix" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-generate-prefix">generate a prefix</a> algorithm.</span>
+ <li>Return the result of running the <a title="concept-xml-serialization-algorithm" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-xml-serialization-algorithm">XML serialization
+ algorithm</a> on <var>node</var> passing the <a title="concept-context-namespace" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-context-namespace">context
+ namespace</a>, <a title="concept-namespace-prefix-map" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-namespace-prefix-map">namespace prefix map</a>,
+ <a title="concept-generated-prefix" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-generated-prefix">generated namespace prefix index</a> reference, and the
+ flag <var>require well-formed</var>. If an <dfn title="concept-algorithm-exception" id="dfn-concept-algorithm-exception">exception</dfn>
+ occurs during the execution of the algorithm, then catch that exception and throw a
+ <code><a title="domexception" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#domexception">DOMException</a></code> with
+ name "<code><a title="error-names-0" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#error-names-0">InvalidStateError</a></code>".
+ </li></ol>
+
+ <p>An <a title="concept-serialize-xml" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-serialize-xml">XML serialization</a> differs from an
+ <a title="concept-serialize-html" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-serialize-html">HTML serialization</a> in the following ways:
+ <ul>
+ <li><a title="element" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#element">Elements</a> and
+ <a title="concept-attribute" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-attribute">attributes</a>
+ will always be serialized such that their namespaceURI is preserved. In some cases
+ this means that an existing prefix, prefix declaration attribute or default namespace
+ declaration attribute might be dropped, substituted or changed.
+ An <a title="concept-serialize-html" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-serialize-html">HTML serialization</a> does not attempt to
+ preserve the namespaceURI.
+ <li><a title="element" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#element">Elements</a> not in the
+ <a title="html-ns" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-html-ns">HTML namespace</a> containing no children, are serialized using
+ the self-closing tag syntax (i.e., according to the <var>EmptyElemTag</var>
+ production of [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-XML10">XML10</a></cite>]).
+ </li></ul>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the algorithm for producing an <a title="concept-serialize-xml" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-serialize-xml">XML serialization</a>
+ is designed to produce a serialization that is compatible with the
+ <a title="html-parser" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/single-page.html#html-parser">HTML parser</a>. For example,
+ elements in the <a title="html-ns" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-html-ns">HTML namespace</a>closing tag syntax [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-XML10">XML10</a></cite>].
+
+ <div class="note"><div class="note-title" id="h_note_3" role="heading" aria-level="3"><span>Note</span></div><p>Per [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-DOM4">DOM4</a></cite>], <code><a title="interface-attr" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#interface-attr">Attr</a></code>
+ objects do not inherit from <code><a title="node" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#node">Node</a></code>, and thus cannot
+ be serialized by the <a title="concept-xml-serialization-algorithm" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-xml-serialization-algorithm">XML serialization algorithm</a>.
+ An attempt to serialize an <code><a title="interface-attr" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#interface-attr">Attr</a></code>
+ object will result in a <code>TypeError</code> exception [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-WEBIDL">WEBIDL</a></cite>].
+
+ </p></div><p>To run the <dfn title="concept-xml-serialization-algorithm" id="dfn-concept-xml-serialization-algorithm">XML serialization algorithm</dfn> on
+ a <var>node</var> given a <a title="concept-context-namespace" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-context-namespace">context namespace</a>
+ <var>namespace</var>, a <a title="concept-namespace-prefix-map" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-namespace-prefix-map">namespace prefix map</a>
+ <var>prefix map</var>, a <a title="concept-generated-prefix" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-generated-prefix">generated namespace prefix index</a>
+ <var>prefix index</var>, and a flag <var>require well-formed</var>, the user agent must run the
+ appropriate steps, depending on <var>node</var>'s interface:</p>
+
+ <dl class="switch">
+ <dt><code><a title="interface-element" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#interface-element">Element</a></code>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Run the following algorithm:
+ <ol>
+ <!-- "namespace" was passed via the caller, it's the default namespace scope -->
+ <!-- "prefix map" was passed via the caller, it's the namespace->prefix map -->
+ <!-- "prefix index" was passed via the caller, it's a number for generating prefixes if necessary -->
+ <!-- "require well-formed" was passed via the caller, it's a flag (true/false) for whether certain validation steps should be taken during serialization. -->
+ <li>If the <a title="concept-well-formed" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-well-formed">require well-formed</a> flag is set (its value is
+ <code>true</code>), and this <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-element-localname" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-element-localname">localName</a></code>
+ attribute contains the character "<code>:</code>" (U+003A COLON) or does not match the
+ XML <code>Name</code> production [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-XML10">XML10</a></cite>], then <a title="concept-algorithm-exception" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-algorithm-exception">throw an
+ exception</a>; the serialization of this <var>node</var> would not be a well-formed element.
+ <li>Let <var>markup</var> be the string "<code><</code>" (U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN).
+ <li>Let <var>qualified name</var> be an empty string.
+ <li>Let a <var>skip end tag</var> flag have the value <code>false</code>.
+ <li>Let an <var>ignore namespace definition attribute</var> flag have the value <code>false</code>.
+ <li>Let <var>map</var> be a copy of the <var>prefix map</var> <a title="concept-namespace-prefix-map" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-namespace-prefix-map">namespace prefix map</a>.
+ <li>Let <var>element prefixes list</var> be an empty list. <span class="note">This list is
+ local to each element. Its purpose is to ensure that there are no conflicting prefixes
+ should a new namespace prefix attribute need to be generated.</span>
+ <li>Let <var>duplicate prefix definition</var> be <code>null</code>.
+ <li>Let <var>local default namespace</var> be the result of
+ <a title="concept-record-namespace-info" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-record-namespace-info">recording the namespace information</a> for
+ <var>node</var> given <var>map</var>, <var>element prefixes list</var>, and
+ <var>duplicate prefix definition</var>.
+ <div class="note"><div class="note-title" id="h_note_4" role="heading" aria-level="3"><span>Note</span></div><p>This above step will update the <var>map</var> with any found namespace prefix
+ definitions, add the found prefix definitions to the <var>element prefixes list</var>, optionally
+ set the <var>duplicate prefix definition</var> value, and return a local default namespace
+ value defined by a default namespace attribute if one exists. Otherwise it returns
+ <code>null</code>.</p></div>
+ <li>Let <var>inherited ns</var> be a copy of <var>namespace</var>.
+ <li>Let <var>ns</var> be the value of <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-element-namespaceuri" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-element-namespaceuri">namespaceURI</a></code>
+ attribute.
+ <li>If <var>inherited ns</var> is equal to <var>ns</var>, then:
+ <ol>
+ <li>If <var>local default namespace</var> is not <code>null</code>, then set <var>ignore
+ namespace definition attribute</var> to <code>true</code>.
+ <li>If <var>ns</var> is the <a title="xml-ns" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-xml-ns">XML namespace</a>, then let <var>qualified name</var>
+ be the concatenation of the string "<code>xml:</code>" and the value of <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-element-localname" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-element-localname">localName</a></code>.
+ <li>Otherwise, let <var>qualified name</var> be the value of <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-element-localname" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-element-localname">localName</a></code>.
+ <span class="note">The <var>node</var>'s prefix is always dropped.</span>
+ <li>Append the value of <var>qualified name</var> to <var>markup</var>.
+ </li></ol>
+ <li>Otherwise, <var>inherited ns</var> is not equal to <var>ns</var> (the <var>node</var>'s
+ own namespace is different from the context namespace of its parent). Run these sub-steps:
+ <!-- The serialization algorithm must differentiate this node's namespace from it's parent's default
+ namespace. There are two ways to do this: (1) [preferred due to assumed minimum length] use a
+ namespace prefix if one is available or (2) use a default namespace declaration. Both cases can
+ run into conflicts with existing attributes on the element and are handled accordingly. -->
+ <ol>
+ <li>Let <var>prefix</var> be the value of <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-element-prefix" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-element-prefix">prefix</a></code>
+ attribute.
+ <li>Let <var>candidate prefix</var> be a value from <var>map</var> where there exists a key in
+ <var>map</var> that matches the value of <var>ns</var> or if there is no such key, then let
+ <var>candidate prefix</var> be <code>null</code>.
+ <!-- Found a suitable prefix to use, either locally, or inherited through a parent node that
+ matches the node's namespaceURI. This prefix will be used in serialization even if the node
+ doesn't have a real prefix. -->
+ <li>If <var>candidate prefix</var> is not <code>null</code> (a suitable namespace prefix is defined
+ which maps to <var>ns</var>), then:
+ <ol>
+ <li>Let <var>qualified name</var> be the concatenation of <var>candidate prefix</var>,
+ "<code>:</code>" (U+003A COLON), and <code><a title="dom-element-localname" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-element-localname">localName</a></code>.
+ <span class="note">There exists on this <var>node</var> or the <var>node</var>'s ancestry a
+ namespace prefix definition that defines the <var>node</var>'s namespace.</span>
+ <li>If <var>local default namespace</var> is not <code>null</code> (there exists a locally-defined
+ default namespace declaration attribute), then let <var>inherited ns</var> get the value of
+ <var>ns</var>.
+ <li>Append the value of <var>qualified name</var> to <var>markup</var>.
+ </li></ol>
+ <!-- Now there's no existing namespace->prefix mapping to override; try to use a prefix: -->
+ <li>Otherwise, if <var>prefix</var> is not <code>null</code> and <var>local default namespace</var> is
+ <code>null</code>, then:
+ <ol>
+ <li>If the <var>element prefixes list</var> contains the value of <var>prefix</var>, then
+ let <var>prefix</var> be the result of
+ <a title="concept-generate-prefix" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-generate-prefix">generating a prefix</a> providing as input the
+ <a title="concept-namespace-prefix-map" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-namespace-prefix-map">namespace prefix map</a> <var>map</var>,
+ <var>node</var>'s <var>ns</var> string, and the <var>prefix index</var> integer.
+ <li>Otherwise, append to <var>map</var> a new key <var>ns</var> whose key value is
+ <var>prefix</var>.
+ <!-- Prefix is now either real or generated, and added to the map. -->
+ <li>Let <var>qualified name</var> be the concatenation
+ of <var>prefix</var>, "<code>:</code>" (U+003A COLON), and
+ <code><a title="dom-element-localname" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-element-localname">localName</a></code>.
+ <li>Append the value of <var>qualified name</var> to <var>markup</var>.
+ <li>Append the following to <var>markup</var>, in the order listed: <span class="note">The following
+ serializes the new namespace/prefix association just added to the <var>map</var>.</span>
+ <ol>
+ <li>"<code> </code>" (U+0020 SPACE);
+ <li>the string "<code>xmlns:</code>";
+ <li>the value of <var>prefix</var>;
+ <li>"<code>="</code>" (U+003D EQUALS SIGN, U+0022 QUOTATION MARK);
+ <li>The result of <a title="concept-serialize-attr-value" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-serialize-attr-value">serializing an attribute value</a>
+ given <var>ns</var> and the <a title="concept-well-formed" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-well-formed">require well-formed</a> flag
+ as input;
+ <li>"<code>"</code>" (U+0022 QUOTATION MARK);
+ </li></ol>
+ </li></ol>
+ <!-- Giving up on the prefix route, try to use a default namespace instead (stomping on an existing
+ one if necessary) and dropping the node's prefix -->
+ <li>Otherwise, if <var>local default namespace</var> is <code>null</code>, or <var>local default
+ namespace</var> is not <code>null</code> and its value is not equal to <var>ns</var>, then:
+ <ol>
+ <li>Set the <var>ignore namespace definition attribute</var> flag to <code>true</code>.
+ <li>Let <var>qualified name</var> be the <var>node</var>'s <code><a title="dom-element-localname" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-element-localname">localName</a></code>.
+ <li>Let the value of <var>inherited ns</var> be <var>ns</var>. <span class="note">The new
+ default namespace will be used in the serialization to define this <var>node</var>'s
+ namespace and act as the context namespace for its children.</span>
+ <li>Append the value of <var>qualified name</var> to <var>markup</var>.
+ <li>Append the following to <var>markup</var>, in the order listed: <span class="note">The following
+ serializes the new (or replacement) default namespace definition.</span>
+ <ol>
+ <li>"<code> </code>" (U+0020 SPACE);
+ <li>the string "<code>xmlns</code>";
+ <li>"<code>="</code>" (U+003D EQUALS SIGN, U+0022 QUOTATION MARK);
+ <li>The result of <a title="concept-serialize-attr-value" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-serialize-attr-value">serializing an attribute value</a>
+ given <var>ns</var> and the <a title="concept-well-formed" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-well-formed">require well-formed</a> flag
+ as input;
+ <li>"<code>"</code>" (U+0022 QUOTATION MARK);
+ </li></ol>
+ </li></ol>
+ <!-- Finally, regardless of prefix, the node has a local default namespace that matches 'ns'.
+ So, we'll just use that and drop the prefix -->
+ <li>Otherwise, the <var>node</var> has a <var>local default namespace</var> that matches
+ <var>ns</var>. Let <var>qualified name</var> be the <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-element-localname" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-element-localname">localName</a></code>,
+ let the value of <var>inherited ns</var> be <var>ns</var>, and append the value of
+ <var>qualified name</var> to <var>markup</var>.
+ </li></ol>
+ <li>Append to <var>markup</var> the result of the
+ <a title="concept-serialize-xml-attributes" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-serialize-xml-attributes">XML serialization of <var>node</var>'s
+ attributes</a> given the
+ <a title="concept-namespace-prefix-map" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-namespace-prefix-map">namespace prefix map</a> <var>map</var>,
+ the <a title="concept-generated-prefix" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-generated-prefix">generated prefix index</a> <var>prefix index</var>, the
+ flag <var>ignore namespace definition attribute</var> and the value of <var>duplicate
+ prefix definition</var>.
+ <li>If <var>ns</var> is the <a title="html-ns" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-html-ns">HTML namespace</a>,
+ and the <var>node</var>'s list of
+ <a title="concept-tree-child" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-tree-child">children</a>
+ is empty, and the <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-element-localname" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-element-localname">localName</a></code>
+ matches any one of the following
+ <a title="void-elements" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/single-page.html#void-elements">void elements</a>:
+ "<code>area</code>",
+ "<code>base</code>",
+ "<code>basefont</code>",
+ "<code>bgsound</code>",
+ "<code>br</code>",
+ "<code>col</code>",
+ "<code>embed</code>",
+ "<code>frame</code>",
+ "<code>hr</code>",
+ "<code>img</code>",
+ "<code>input</code>",
+ "<code>keygen</code>",
+ "<code>link</code>",
+ "<code>menuitem</code>",
+ "<code>meta</code>",
+ "<code>param</code>",
+ "<code>source</code>",
+ "<code>track</code>",
+ "<code>wbr</code>";
+ then append the following to <var>markup</var>, in the order listed:
+ <ol>
+ <li>"<code> </code>" (U+0020 SPACE);
+ <li>"<code>/</code>" (U+002F SOLIDUS);
+ </li></ol>
+ and set the <var>skip end tag</var> flag to <code>true</code>.
+ <li>If <var>ns</var> is not the <a title="html-ns" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-html-ns">HTML namespace</a>,
+ and the <var>node</var>'s list of
+ <a title="concept-tree-child" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-tree-child">children</a>
+ is empty, then append "<code>/</code>" (U+002F SOLIDUS) to <var>markup</var>
+ and set the <var>skip end tag</var> flag to <code>true</code>.
+ <li>Append "<code>></code>" (U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN) to <var>markup</var>.
+ <li>If the value of <var>skip end tag</var> is <code>true</code>, then return
+ the value of <var>markup</var> and skip the remaining steps. The
+ <var>node</var> is a leaf-node.
+ <li>If <var>ns</var> is the <a title="html-ns" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-html-ns">HTML namespace</a>, and the <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-element-localname" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-element-localname">localName</a></code>
+ matches the string "<code>template</code>", then this is a
+ <code><a title="the-template-element" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/single-page.html#the-template-element">template</a></code> element.
+ Append to <var>markup</var> the result of running the
+ <a title="concept-xml-serialization-algorithm" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-xml-serialization-algorithm">XML serialization algorithm</a> on the
+ <a title="the-template-element" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/single-page.html#the-template-element">template</a> element's
+ <a title="template-contents" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/single-page.html#template-contents">template contents</a>
+ (a <code><a title="interface-documentfragment" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#interface-documentfragment">DocumentFragment</a></code>),
+ providing the value of <var>inherited ns</var> for the
+ <a title="concept-context-namespace" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-context-namespace">context namespace</a>,
+ <var>map</var> for the <a title="concept-namespace-prefix-map" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-namespace-prefix-map">namespace prefix map</a>,
+ <var>prefix index</var> for the
+ <a title="concept-generated-prefix" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-generated-prefix">generated namespace prefix index</a>, and the value
+ of the <var>require well-formed</var> flag. <span class="note">This allows
+ <a title="template-contents" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/single-page.html#template-contents">template content</a> to
+ round-trip , given the rules for
+ <a title="parsing-xhtml-documents" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/single-page.html#parsing-xhtml-documents">parsing XHTML documents</a>
+ [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-HTML5">HTML5</a></cite>].</span>
+ <li>Otherwise, append to <var>markup</var> the result of running the
+ <a title="concept-xml-serialization-algorithm" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-xml-serialization-algorithm">XML serialization algorithm</a> on each
+ of <var>node</var>'s
+ <a title="concept-tree-child" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-tree-child">children</a>,
+ in <a title="concept-tree-order" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-tree-order">tree order</a>,
+ providing the value of <var>inherited ns</var> for the
+ <a title="concept-context-namespace" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-context-namespace">context namespace</a>,
+ <var>map</var> for the <a title="concept-namespace-prefix-map" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-namespace-prefix-map">namespace prefix map</a>,
+ <var>prefix index</var> for the
+ <a title="concept-generated-prefix" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-generated-prefix">generated namespace prefix index</a>, and the value
+ of the <var>require well-formed</var> flag.
+ <li>Append the following to <var>markup</var>, in the order listed:
+ <ol>
+ <li>"<code></</code>" (U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN, U+002F SOLIDUS);
+ <li>The value of <var>qualified name</var>;
+ <li>"<code>></code>" (U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN).
+ </li></ol>
+ <li>Return the value of <var>markup</var>.
+ </li></ol>
+
+ <dt><code><a title="interface-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#interface-document">Document</a></code>
+ <dd>
+ <p>If the <a title="concept-well-formed" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-well-formed">require well-formed</a> flag is set (its value is
+ <code>true</code>), and this <var>node</var> has no
+ <code><a title="dom-document-documentelement" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/single-page.html#dom-document-documentelement">documentElement</a></code>
+ (the <code><a title="dom-document-documentelement" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/single-page.html#dom-document-documentelement">documentElement</a></code>
+ attribute's value is <code>null</code>), then <a title="concept-algorithm-exception" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-algorithm-exception">throw an
+ exception</a>; the serialization of this <var>node</var> would not be a well-formed document.
+ <p>Otherwise, run the following steps:
+ <ol>
+ <li>Let <var>serialized document</var> be an empty string.
+ <li>Append to <var>serialized document</var> the string produced by running the steps to
+ <a title="concept-serialize-doctype" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-serialize-doctype">produce a DocumentType serialization</a>
+ of <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-document-doctype" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/single-page.html#dom-document-doctype">doctype</a></code>
+ attribute provided the <var>require well-formed</var> flag if <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-document-doctype" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/single-page.html#dom-document-doctype">doctype</a></code>
+ attribute is not <code>null</code>.
+ <li>For each
+ <a title="concept-tree-child" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-tree-child">child</a> of
+ <var>node</var>,
+ in <a title="concept-tree-order" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-tree-order">tree order</a>, run the
+ <a title="concept-xml-serialization-algorithm" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-xml-serialization-algorithm">XML serialization algorithm</a>
+ on the <var>child</var> given a <a title="concept-context-namespace" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-context-namespace">context namespace</a>
+ <var>namespace</var>, a <a title="concept-namespace-prefix-map" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-namespace-prefix-map">namespace prefix map</a>
+ <var>prefix map</var>, a reference to a <a title="concept-generated-prefix" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-generated-prefix">generated
+ namespace prefix index</a> <var>prefix index</var>, flag <var>require well-formed</var>, and
+ append the result to <var>serialized document</var>.
+ <li>Return the value of <var>serialized document</var>.
+ </li></ol>
+
+ <dt><code><a title="interface-comment" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#interface-comment">Comment</a></code>
+ <dd>
+ <p>If the <a title="concept-well-formed" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-well-formed">require well-formed</a> flag is set (its value is
+ <code>true</code>), and <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-characterdata-data" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-characterdata-data">data</a></code>
+ contains characters that are not matched by the XML <code>Char</code> production [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-XML10">XML10</a></cite>] or
+ contains "<code>--</code>" (two adjacent U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS characters) or that ends with
+ a "<code>-</code>" (U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS) character, then
+ <a title="concept-algorithm-exception" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-algorithm-exception">throw an exception</a>; the serialization of this
+ <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-characterdata-data" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-characterdata-data">data</a></code>
+ would not be well-formed.
+ <p>Return the concatenation of "<code><!--</code>", <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-characterdata-data" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-characterdata-data">data</a></code>, and
+ "<code>--></code>".
+
+ <!-- Removing CDATA Serialization steps as this interface type is removed from DOM4:
+ <dt><code><a title="cdata" data-spec="DOML2" class="externalDFN">CDATASection</a></code>
+ <dd><ol>
+ <li>Let <var>markup</var> be the concatenation of "<code><![CDATA[</code>",
+ <var>node</var>'s <code><a title="dom-characterdata-data" data-spec="DOM4"
+ class="externalDFN">data</a></code>, and "<code>]]></code>".
+ <li>Return <var>markup</var>.
+ </ol>
+
+ <p class=note>CDATASection objects may be created by the historical
+ <code>document.createCDATASection</code> API, or as a result of parsing an
+ <a title="xml-document" data-spec="DOM4" class="externalDFN">XML document</a>.
+ -->
+
+ </p><dt><code><a title="interface-text" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#interface-text">Text</a></code>
+ <dd><ol>
+ <li>If the <a title="concept-well-formed" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-well-formed">require well-formed</a> flag is set (its value is
+ <code>true</code>), and <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-characterdata-data" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-characterdata-data">data</a></code>
+ contains characters that are not matched by the XML <code>Char</code> production [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-XML10">XML10</a></cite>],
+ then <a title="concept-algorithm-exception" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-algorithm-exception">throw an exception</a>; the serialization of this
+ <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-characterdata-data" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-characterdata-data">data</a></code>
+ would not be well-formed.
+ <li>Let <var>markup</var> be <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-characterdata-data" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-characterdata-data">data</a></code>.
+
+ <li>Replace any occurrences of "<code>&</code>" in <var>markup</var> by
+ "<code>&amp;</code>".
+
+ <li>Replace any occurrences of "<code><</code>" in <var>markup</var> by
+ "<code>&lt;</code>".
+
+ <li>Replace any occurrences of "<code>></code>" in <var>markup</var> by
+ "<code>&gt;</code>".
+
+ <li>Return <var>data</var>.
+ </li></ol>
+ <dt><code><a title="interface-documentfragment" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#interface-documentfragment">DocumentFragment</a></code>
+ <dd><ol>
+ <li>Let <var>markup</var> the empty string.
+
+ <li>For each
+ <a title="concept-tree-child" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-tree-child">child</a> of <var>node</var>,
+ in <a title="concept-tree-order" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-tree-order">tree order</a>,
+ run the <a title="concept-xml-serialization-algorithm" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-xml-serialization-algorithm">XML serialization algorithm</a>
+ on the <var>child</var> given
+ a <a title="concept-context-namespace" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-context-namespace">context namespace</a> <var>namespace</var>, a
+ <a title="concept-namespace-prefix-map" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-namespace-prefix-map">namespace prefix map</a> <var>prefix map</var>,
+ a reference to a <a title="concept-generated-prefix" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-generated-prefix">generated namespace prefix index</a>
+ <var>prefix index</var>, and flag <var>require well-formed</var>. Concatenate the result
+ to <var>markup</var>.
+ <li>Return <var>markup</var>.
+ </li></ol>
+
+ <dt><code><a title="interface-documenttype" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#interface-documenttype">DocumentType</a></code>
+ <dd>Run the steps to <a title="concept-serialize-doctype" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-serialize-doctype">produce a DocumentType
+ serialization</a> of <var>node</var> given the <a title="concept-well-formed" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-well-formed">require well-formed</a>
+ flag, and return the string this produced.
+
+ <dt><code><a title="interface-processinginstruction" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#interface-processinginstruction">ProcessingInstruction</a></code>
+ <dd><ol>
+ <li>If the <a title="concept-well-formed" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-well-formed">require well-formed</a> flag is set (its value is
+ <code>true</code>), and <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-processinginstruction-target" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-processinginstruction-target">target</a></code>
+ contains a "<code>:</code>" (U+003A COLON) character or is an
+ <a title="ascii-case-insensitive" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a>
+ match for the string "<code>xml</code>", then <a title="concept-algorithm-exception" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-algorithm-exception">throw an
+ exception</a>; the serialization of this <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-processinginstruction-target" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-processinginstruction-target">target</a></code>
+ would not be well-formed.
+ <li>If the <a title="concept-well-formed" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-well-formed">require well-formed</a> flag is set (its value is
+ <code>true</code>), and <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-characterdata-data" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-characterdata-data">data</a></code>
+ contains characters that are not matched by the XML <code>Char</code> production [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-XML10">XML10</a></cite>] or
+ contains the string "<code>?></code>" (U+003F QUESTION MARK, U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN),
+ then <a title="concept-algorithm-exception" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-algorithm-exception">throw an exception</a>; the serialization of this
+ <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-characterdata-data" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-characterdata-data">data</a></code>
+ would not be well-formed.
+ <li>Let <var>markup</var> be the concatenation of the following, in the order listed:
+ <ol>
+ <li>"<code><?</code>" (U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN, U+003F QUESTION MARK);
+ <li>The value of <var>node</var>'s <code><a title="dom-processinginstruction-target" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-processinginstruction-target">target</a></code>;
+ <li>"<code> </code>" (U+0020 SPACE);
+ <li>The value of <var>node</var>'s <code><a title="dom-characterdata-data" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-characterdata-data">data</a></code>;
+ <li>"<code>?></code>" (U+003F QUESTION MARK, U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN).
+ </li></ol>
+ <li>Return <var>markup</var>.
+ </li></ol>
+
+ </dd></dl>
+
+ <p>To <dfn title="concept-serialize-doctype" id="dfn-concept-serialize-doctype">produce a DocumentType serialization</dfn> of a
+ <code><a title="node" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#node">Node</a></code> <var>node</var>, given a
+ <a title="concept-well-formed" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-well-formed">require well-formed</a> flag, the user agent must return
+ the result of the following algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol>
+ <li>If the <a title="concept-well-formed" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-well-formed">require well-formed</a> flag is <code>true</code>
+ and the <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-documenttype-publicid" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-documenttype-publicid">publicId</a></code>
+ attribute contains characters that are not matched by the XML <code>PubidChar</code> production
+ [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-XML10">XML10</a></cite>], then <a title="concept-algorithm-exception" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-algorithm-exception">throw an exception</a>; the serialization
+ of this <var>node</var> would not be a well-formed document type declaration.
+ <li>If the <a title="concept-well-formed" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-well-formed">require well-formed</a> flag is <code>true</code>
+ and the <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-documenttype-systemid" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-documenttype-systemid">systemId</a></code>
+ attribute contains characters that are not matched by the XML <code>Char</code> production
+ [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-XML10">XML10</a></cite>] or that contains both a "<code>"</code>" (U+0022 QUOTATION MARK) and a "<code>'</code>"
+ (U+0027 APOSTROPHE), then <a title="concept-algorithm-exception" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-algorithm-exception">throw an exception</a>; the
+ serialization of this <var>node</var> would not be a well-formed document type declaration.
+ <li>Let <var>markup</var> be an empty string.
+ <li>Append the string "<code><!DOCTYPE</code>" to <var>markup</var>.
+ <li>Append "<code> </code>" (U+0020 SPACE) to <var>markup</var>.
+ <li>Append the value of the <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-documenttype-name" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-documenttype-name">name</a></code>
+ attribute to <var>markup</var>. For a <var>node</var> belonging to an
+ <a title="html-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#html-document">HTML document</a>,
+ the value will be all lowercase.
+ <li>If the <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-documenttype-publicid" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-documenttype-publicid">publicId</a></code>
+ is not the empty string then append the following, in the order listed, to <var>markup</var>:
+ <ol>
+ <li>"<code> </code>" (U+0020 SPACE);
+ <li>The string "<code>PUBLIC</code>";
+ <li>"<code> </code>" (U+0020 SPACE);
+ <li>"<code>"</code>" (U+0022 QUOTATION MARK);
+ <li>The value of the <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-documenttype-publicid" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-documenttype-publicid">publicId</a></code>
+ attribute;
+ <li>"<code>"</code>" (U+0022 QUOTATION MARK);
+ </li></ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>If the <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-documenttype-systemid" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-documenttype-systemid">systemId</a></code>
+ is not the empty string and the <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-documenttype-publicid" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-documenttype-publicid">publicId</a></code>
+ is set to the empty string, then append the following, in the order listed, to <var>markup</var>:
+ <ol>
+ <li>"<code> </code>" (U+0020 SPACE);
+ <li>The string "<code>SYSTEM</code>";
+ </li></ol>
+ </li>
+ <li>If the <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-documenttype-systemid" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-documenttype-systemid">systemId</a></code>
+ is not the empty string then append the following, in the order listed, to <var>markup</var>:
+ <ol>
+ <li>"<code> </code>" (U+0020 SPACE);
+ <li>"<code>"</code>" (U+0022 QUOTATION MARK);
+ <li>The value of the <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-documenttype-systemid" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-documenttype-systemid">systemId</a></code>
+ attribute;
+ <li>"<code>"</code>" (U+0022 QUOTATION MARK);
+ </li></ol>
+ </li>
+ <!-- Removing internalSubset serialization steps as this property is not supported by DOM4. Also,
+ optional requirements don't help improve interoperability:
+ <li>Optional: if the <var>node</var> has an (historical)
+ <code><a title="ID-Core-DocType-internalSubset" data-spec="DOM3" class="externalDFN">internalSubset</a></code>
+ and the
+ <code><a title="ID-Core-DocType-internalSubset" data-spec="DOM3" class="externalDFN">internalSubset</a></code>
+ attribute's value is a non-empty string, then append the following,
+ in the order listed, to <var>markup</var>:
+ <ol>
+ <li>"<code> </code>" (U+0020 SPACE);
+ <li>"<code>[</code>" (U+005B LEFT SQUARE BRACKET);
+ <li>The value of the <var>node</var>'s
+ <code><a title="ID-Core-DocType-internalSubset" data-spec="DOM3" class="externalDFN">internalSubset</a></code>
+ attribute;
+ <li>"<code>]</code>" (U+005D RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET);
+ </ol>
+ <p class=note>A <var>node</var> belonging to an
+ <a title="html-document" data-spec="DOM4" class="externalDFN">HTML document</a>
+ will never have an
+ <code><a title="ID-Core-DocType-internalSubset" data-spec="DOM3" class="externalDFN">internalSubset</a></code>
+ because any <code><a title="ID-Core-DocType-internalSubset" data-spec="DOM3" class="externalDFN">internalSubset</a></code>
+ markup is ignored by the parser.</p>
+ </li>
+ -->
+ <li>Append "<code>></code>" (U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN) to <var>markup</var>.
+ </li></ol>
+
+ <p>To <dfn title="concept-record-namespace-info" id="dfn-concept-record-namespace-info">record the namespace information</dfn> for an
+ <code><a title="element" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#element">Element</a></code> <var>element</var>, given a
+ <a title="concept-namespace-prefix-map" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-namespace-prefix-map">namespace prefix map</a> <var>map</var>, an
+ <var>element prefixes list</var> (initially empty), and a <var>duplicate prefix
+ definition</var> reference, the user agent must run the following steps:
+ <ol>
+ <li>Let <var>default namespace attr value</var> be <code>null</code>.
+ <li>For each <a title="concept-attribute" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-attribute">attribute</a>
+ <var>attr</var> in <var>element</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-element-attributes" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-element-attributes">attributes</a></code>,
+ in the order they are specified in the <var>element</var>'s
+ <a title="concept-element-attributes" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-element-attributes">attribute list</a>:
+ <ol>
+ <div class="note"><div class="note-title" id="h_note_5" role="heading" aria-level="3"><span>Note</span></div><p>The following conditional steps add namespace prefixes
+ into the <var>element prefixes list</var> and add or replace them in the <var>map</var>.
+ Only attributes in the <a title="xmlns-ns" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-xmlns-ns">XMLNS namespace</a> are
+ considered (e.g., attributes made to look like namespace declarations via
+ <code><a title="dom-element-setattribute" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-element-setattribute">setAttribute</a>(<em>"xmlns:pretend-prefix"</em>,
+ <em>"pretend-namespace"</em>)</code> are not included).</p></div>
+ <li>Let <var>attribute namespace</var> be the <var>attr</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-attribute-namespaceuri" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-attribute-namespaceuri">namespaceURI</a></code>
+ value.
+ <li>Let <var>attribute prefix</var> be the value of <var>attr</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-attribute-prefix" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-attribute-prefix">prefix</a></code>.
+ <li>If the <var>attribute namespace</var> is the <a title="xmlns-ns" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-xmlns-ns">XMLNS namespace</a>, then:
+ <ol>
+ <li>If <var>attribute prefix</var> is <code>null</code>, then <var>attr</var> is a
+ default namespace declaration. Set the <var>default namespace attr value</var> to
+ <var>attr</var>'s <code><a title="dom-attribute-value" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-attribute-value">value</a></code> and stop running these steps, returning to the
+ top of the loop to visit the next attribute.
+ <li>Otherwise, the <var>attribute prefix</var> is not <code>null</code> and <var>attr</var>
+ is a namespace prefix definition. Run the following steps:
+ <ol>
+ <li>Let <var>prefix definition</var> be the value of <var>attr</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-attribute-localname" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-attribute-localname">localName</a></code>.
+ <li>Let <var>namespace definition</var> be the value of <var>attr</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-attribute-value" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-attribute-value">value</a></code>.
+ <li>If a key matching the value of <var>namespace definition</var> already exists in
+ <var>map</var>, and the key's value matches <var>prefix definition</var>, then
+ this is a duplicate namespace prefix definition. Set the value of <var>duplicate
+ prefix definition</var> to <var>prefix definition</var>.
+ <li>Otherwise, if the key matching the value of <var>namespace definition</var> already
+ exists in <var>map</var>, but the key's value does not match <var>prefix definition</var>,
+ then update the key's value to be <var>prefix definition</var>.
+ <li>Otherwise, no key matching the value of <var>namespace definition</var> exists;
+ append to <var>map</var> a new key <var>namespace definition</var>
+ whose key value is the <var>prefix definition</var>.
+ <li>Append the value of <var>prefix definition</var> to <var>element prefixes list</var>.
+ </li></ol>
+ </li></ol>
+ </li></ol>
+ <li>Return the value of <var>default namespace attr value</var>.
+ </li></ol>
+
+ <p>To <dfn title="concept-generate-prefix" id="dfn-concept-generate-prefix">generate a prefix</dfn> given a
+ <a title="concept-namespace-prefix-map" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-namespace-prefix-map">namespace prefix map</a> <var>map</var>, a
+ string <var>new namespace</var>, and a reference to a
+ <a title="concept-generated-prefix" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-generated-prefix">generated namespace prefix index</a> <var>prefix
+ index</var>, the user agent must run the following steps:
+ <ol>
+ <li>Let <var>generated prefix</var> be the concatenation of the string <code>"ns"</code> and
+ the current numerical value of <var>prefix index</var>.
+ <li>Let the value of <var>prefix index</var> be incremented by one.
+ <li>Append to <var>map</var> a new key <var>new namespace</var> whose key value is the
+ <var>generated prefix</var>.
+ <li>Return the value of <var>generated prefix</var>.
+ </li></ol>
+
+ <p>The <dfn title="concept-serialize-xml-attributes" id="dfn-concept-serialize-xml-attributes">XML serialization of the attributes</dfn>
+ of an <code><a title="concept-element" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-element">Element</a></code>
+ <var>element</var> together with a <a title="concept-namespace-prefix-map" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-namespace-prefix-map">namespace prefix
+ map</a> <var>map</var>, a <a title="concept-generated-prefix" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-generated-prefix">generated prefix index</a>
+ <var>prefix index</var> reference, a flag <var>ignore namespace definition attribute</var>, a
+ <var>duplicate prefix definition</var> value, and a flag <var>require well-formed</var>,
+ is the result of the following algorithm:
+ <ol>
+ <li>Let <var>result</var> be the empty string.
+ <li>Let <var>localname set</var> be a new empty
+ <dfn title="concept-namespace-localname-set" id="dfn-concept-namespace-localname-set">namespace localname set</dfn>. This <var>localname
+ set</var> will contain tuples of unique attribute
+ <code><a title="dom-attribute-namespaceuri" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-attribute-namespaceuri">namespaceURI</a></code>
+ and <code><a title="dom-element-localname" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-element-localname">localName</a></code>
+ pairs, and is populated as each <var>attr</var> is processed.
+ <span class="note">This set is used to [optionally] enforce the well-formed constraint that an
+ element cannot have two attributes with the same
+ <code><a title="dom-attribute-namespaceuri" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-attribute-namespaceuri">namespaceURI</a></code>
+ and <code><a title="dom-element-localname" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-element-localname">localName</a></code>.
+ This can occur when two otherwise identical attributes on the same element differ only by their
+ prefix values.</span>
+ <li>For each <a title="concept-attribute" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-attribute">attribute</a>
+ <var>attr</var> in <var>element</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-element-attributes" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-element-attributes">attributes</a></code>,
+ in the order they are specified in the <var>element</var>'s
+ <a title="concept-element-attributes" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-element-attributes">attribute list</a>:
+ <ol>
+ <li>If the <a title="concept-well-formed" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-well-formed">require well-formed</a> flag is set (its value is
+ <code>true</code>), and the <var>localname set</var> contains a tuple whose values match those
+ of a new tuple consisting of <var>attr</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-attribute-namespaceuri" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-attribute-namespaceuri">namespaceURI</a></code>
+ attribute and <code><a title="dom-element-localname" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-element-localname">localName</a></code>
+ attribute, then <a title="concept-algorithm-exception" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-algorithm-exception">throw an exception</a>; the serialization of this
+ <var>attr</var> would fail to produce a well-formed element serialization.
+ <li>Create a new tuple consisting of <var>attr</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-attribute-namespaceuri" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-attribute-namespaceuri">namespaceURI</a></code>
+ attribute and <code><a title="dom-element-localname" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-element-localname">localName</a></code>
+ attribute, and add it to the <var>localname set</var>.
+ <li>Let <var>attribute namespace</var> be the <var>attr</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-attribute-namespaceuri" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-attribute-namespaceuri">namespaceURI</a></code>
+ value.
+ <!-- Check for an unregistered attribute namespace, and if so, serialize a definition for it -->
+ <li>Let <var>candidate prefix</var> be <code>null</code>.
+ <li>If <var>attribute namespace</var> is not <code>null</code>, then run these sub-steps:
+ <ol>
+ <li>If the value of <var>attribute namespace</var> is the
+ <a title="xmlns-ns" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-xmlns-ns">XMLNS namespace</a> and either the <var>attr</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-attribute-prefix" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-attribute-prefix">prefix</a></code>
+ is <code>null</code> and the <var>ignore namespace definition
+ attribute</var> flag is <code>true</code> or the <var>attr</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-attribute-prefix" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-attribute-prefix">prefix</a></code>
+ is not <code>null</code> and the <var>attr</var>'s
+ <code><a title="concept-attribute-localname" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-attribute-localname">localName</a></code>
+ matches the value of <var>duplicate prefix definition</var>, then stop running
+ these steps and return to the loop to visit the next attribute.
+ <li>Otherwise, if there exists a key in <var>map</var> that matches the value of <var>attribute
+ namespace</var>, then let <var>candidate prefix</var> be that key's value from the
+ <var>map</var>.
+ <li>Otherwise, there is no key matching <var>attribute namespace</var> in <var>map</var> and
+ the <var>attribute namespace</var> is not the <a title="xmlns-ns" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-xmlns-ns">XMLNS namespace</a>.
+ Run these steps:
+ <ol>
+ <li>Let <var>candidate prefix</var> be the result of
+ <a title="concept-generate-prefix" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-generate-prefix">generating a prefix</a> providing <var>map</var>,
+ <var>attribute namespace</var>, and <var>prefix index</var> as input.
+ <li>Append the following to <var>result</var>:
+ <ol>
+ <li>"<code> </code>" (U+0020 SPACE);
+ <li>The string "<code>xmlns:</code>";
+ <li>The value of <var>candidate prefix</var>;
+ <li>"<code>="</code>" (U+003D EQUALS SIGN, U+0022 QUOTATION MARK);
+ <li>The result of <a title="concept-serialize-attr-value" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-serialize-attr-value">serializing an attribute value</a>
+ given <var>attribute namespace</var> and the
+ <a title="concept-well-formed" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-well-formed">require well-formed</a> flag as input;
+ <li>"<code>"</code>" (U+0022 QUOTATION MARK).
+ </li></ol>
+ </li></ol>
+ </li></ol>
+ <!-- A namespace prefix has been set by this point if it needed to be set -->
+ <li>Append a "<code> </code>" (U+0020 SPACE) to <var>result</var>.
+ <li>If <var>candidate prefix</var> is not <code>null</code>, then append to <var>result</var>
+ the concatenation of <var>candidate prefix</var> with "<code>:</code>" (U+003A COLON).
+ <!-- Check for well-formed localName -->
+ <li>If the <a title="concept-well-formed" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-well-formed">require well-formed</a> flag is set (its value is
+ <code>true</code>), and this <var>attr</var>'s
+ <code><a title="dom-element-localname" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#dom-element-localname">localName</a></code>
+ attribute contains the character "<code>:</code>" (U+003A COLON) or does not match the XML
+ <code>Name</code> production [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-XML10">XML10</a></cite>] or equals "<code>xmlns</code>" and <var>attribute
+ namespace</var> is <code>null</code>, then <a title="concept-algorithm-exception" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-algorithm-exception">throw an
+ exception</a>; the serialization of this <var>attr</var> would not be a well-formed attribute.
+ <!-- Write out the standard attribute -->
+ <li>Append the following strings to <var>result</var>:
+ <ol>
+ <li>The value of <var>attr</var>'s
+ <code><a title="concept-attribute-localname" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-attribute-localname">localName</a></code>;
+ <li>"<code>="</code>" (U+003D EQUALS SIGN, U+0022 QUOTATION MARK);
+ <li>The result of <a title="concept-serialize-attr-value" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-serialize-attr-value">serializing an attribute value</a>
+ given <var>attr</var>'s
+ <code><a title="concept-attribute-value" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-attribute-value">value</a></code>
+ attribute and the <a title="concept-well-formed" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-well-formed">require well-formed</a> flag as input;
+ <li>"<code>"</code>" (U+0022 QUOTATION MARK).
+ </li></ol>
+ </li></ol>
+ <li>Return <var>result</var>.
+ </li></ol>
+
+ <p>To <dfn title="concept-serialize-attr-value" id="dfn-concept-serialize-attr-value">serialize an attribute value</dfn> given an
+ <var>attribute value</var> and <a title="concept-well-formed" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-well-formed">require well-formed</a> flag,
+ the user agent must run the following steps:
+ <ol>
+ <li>If the <a title="concept-well-formed" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-well-formed">require well-formed</a> flag is set (its value is
+ <code>true</code>), and <var>attribute value</var> contains characters that are not matched
+ by the XML <code>Char</code> production [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-XML10">XML10</a></cite>], then
+ <a title="concept-algorithm-exception" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-algorithm-exception">throw an exception</a>; the serialization of this
+ <var>attribute value</var> would fail to produce a well-formed element serialization.
+ <li>If <var>attribute value</var> is <code>null</code>, then return the empty string.
+ <li>Otherwise, <var>attribute value</var> is a string. Return <var>attribute value</var>,
+ first replacing any occurrences of the following:
+ <ol>
+ <li>"<code>"</code>" with "<code>&quot;</code>"
+ <li>"<code>&</code>" with "<code>&amp;</code>"
+ <li>"<code><</code>" with "<code>&lt;</code>"
+ <li>"<code>></code>" with "<code>&gt;</code>"
+ </li></ol>
+ <div class="note"><div class="note-title" id="h_note_6" role="heading" aria-level="3"><span>Note</span></div><p>This matches behavior present in browsers, and goes above
+ and beyond the grammar requirement in the XML specification's AttValue
+ production [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-XML10">XML10</a></cite>] by also replacing "<code>></code>" characters.</p></div>
+ </li></ol>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id="the-domparser-interface">
+ <!--OddPage--><h2 id="h2_the-domparser-interface" role="heading" aria-level="1"><span class="secno">5. </span>The <code>DOMParser</code> interface</h2>
+
+<pre class="extraidl">enum <span class="idlInterfaceID">SupportedType</span> {
+ "text/html",
+ "text/xml",
+ "application/xml",
+ "application/xhtml+xml",
+ "image/svg+xml"
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn title="dom-domparser" id="dfn-dom-domparser"><code>DOMParser()</code></dfn> constructor
+ must return a new <code>DOMParser</code> object.
+
+ <pre class="idl"><span class="idlInterface" id="idl-def-DOMParser">[<span class="extAttr">Constructor</span>]
+interface <span class="idlInterfaceID">DOMParser</span> {
+<span class="idlMethod"> [<span class="extAttr">NewObject</span>]
+ <span class="idlMethType">Document</span> <span class="idlMethName"><a href="#widl-DOMParser-parseFromString-Document-DOMString-str-SupportedType-type">parseFromString</a></span> (<span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType">DOMString</span> <span class="idlParamName">str</span></span>, <span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType">SupportedType</span> <span class="idlParamName">type</span></span>);</span>
+};</span></pre><section id="methods"><h3 id="h3_methods" role="heading" aria-level="2"><span class="secno">5.1 </span>Methods</h3><dl class="methods"><dt id="widl-DOMParser-parseFromString-Document-DOMString-str-SupportedType-type"><code>parseFromString</code></dt><dd>
+ <p>The
+ <dfn title="dom-domparser-parsefromstring" id="dfn-dom-domparser-parsefromstring"><code>parseFromString(<var>str</var>, <var>type</var>)</code></dfn>
+ method must run these steps, depending on <var>type</var>:
+
+ <dl class="switch">
+ <dt>"<code>text/html</code>"
+ <dd>
+ <p>Parse <var>str</var> with an
+ <code><a title="html-parser" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/single-page.html#html-parser">HTML parser</a></code>, and return the newly
+ created <a title="concept-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-document">document</a>.
+
+ <p>The <a title="scripting-flag" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/single-page.html#scripting-flag">scripting flag</a> must be set to
+ "disabled".
+
+ <div class="note"><div class="note-title" id="h_note_7" role="heading" aria-level="3"><span>Note</span></div><p><code><a title="meta" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/single-page.html#meta">meta</a></code> elements are not
+ taken into account for the encoding used, as a Unicode stream is passed into
+ the parser.
+
+ </p></div><div class="note"><div class="note-title" id="h_note_8" role="heading" aria-level="3"><span>Note</span></div><p><code><a title="script" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/single-page.html#script">script</a></code> elements get marked
+ unexecutable and the contents of <code><a title="noscript" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/single-page.html#noscript">noscript</a></code>
+ get parsed as markup.
+
+ </p></div><dt>"<code>text/xml</code>"
+ <dt>"<code>application/xml</code>"
+ <dt>"<code>application/xhtml+xml</code>"
+ <dt>"<code>image/svg+xml</code>"
+ <dd>
+ <ol>
+ <li>Parse <var>str</var> with a namespace-enabled
+ <code><a title="xml-parser" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/single-page.html#xml-parser">XML parser</a></code>.
+
+ <li>If the previous step didn't return an error, return the newly
+ created <a title="concept-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-document">document</a>.
+
+ <!-- This seemed like a good idea, but isn't web compatible, unfortunately.
+ <li>Otherwise, throw a
+ <code><a data-spec="DOM4" title="domexception" class="externalDFN">DOMException</a></code>
+ with name <code>SyntaxError</code>. -->
+
+ <li>Let <var>document</var> be a newly-created
+ <a title="xml-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#xml-document">XML Document</a>.
+ <span class="note">The <var>document</var> will use the
+ <code><a title="document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#document">Document</a></code> interface
+ rather than the <code><a title="xmldocument" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#xmldocument">XMLDocument</a></code>
+ interface.</span>
+
+ <li>
+ <p>Let <var>root</var> be a new
+ <code><a title="element" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#element">Element</a></code>, with its
+ <a title="concept-element-local-name" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-element-local-name">local name</a>
+ set to "<code>parsererror</code>" and its
+ <a title="concept-element-namespace" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-element-namespace">namespace</a>
+ set to
+ "<code>http://www.mozilla.org/newlayout/xml/parsererror.xml</code>".
+ <!-- see https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=45566 -->
+ <p>At this point user agents may
+ <a title="concept-node-append" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-node-append">append</a> nodes
+ to <var>root</var>, for example to describe the nature of the
+ error.
+
+ </p><li><a title="concept-node-append" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-node-append">Append</a>
+ <var>root</var> to <var>document</var>.
+
+ <li>Return <var>document</var>.
+ </li></ol>
+ </dd></dl>
+
+ <p>In any case, the returned
+ <a title="concept-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-document">document</a>'s
+ <a title="concept-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-document" -content-type="">content type</a>
+ must be the <var>type</var> argument. Additionally, the
+ <a title="concept-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-document">document</a> must have a
+ <a title="concept-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-document" -url="">URL</a> value equal to
+ the URL of the
+ <a title="active-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/single-page.html#active-document">active document</a>, a
+ <a title="location" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/single-page.html#location">location</a> value of <code>null</code>.
+
+ <div class="note"><div class="note-title" id="h_note_9" role="heading" aria-level="3"><span>Note</span></div><p>The returned
+ <a title="concept-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-document">document</a>'s
+ <a title="concept-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-document" -encoding="">encoding</a> is
+ the default, UTF-8.
+ </p></div><table class="parameters"><tbody><tr><th>Parameter</th><th>Type</th><th>Nullable</th><th>Optional</th><th>Description</th></tr><tr><td class="prmName">str</td><td class="prmType"><code>DOMString</code></td><td class="prmNullFalse"><span role="img" aria-label="False">✘</span></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><span role="img" aria-label="False">✘</span></td><td class="prmDesc"></td></tr><tr><td class="prmName">type</td><td class="prmType"><code>SupportedType</code></td><td class="prmNullFalse"><span role="img" aria-label="False">✘</span></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><span role="img" aria-label="False">✘</span></td><td class="prmDesc"></td></tr></tbody></table><div><em>Return type: </em><code>Document</code></div></dd></dl></section>
+</section>
+
+<section id="the-xmlserializer-interface">
+ <!--OddPage--><h2 id="h2_the-xmlserializer-interface" role="heading" aria-level="1"><span class="secno">6. </span>The <code>XMLSerializer</code> interface</h2>
+
+ <p>The <dfn title="dom-xmlserializer" id="dfn-dom-xmlserializer"><code>XMLSerializer()</code></dfn>
+ constructor must return a new <code>XMLSerializer</code> object.
+
+ <pre class="idl"><span class="idlInterface" id="idl-def-XMLSerializer">[<span class="extAttr">Constructor</span>]
+interface <span class="idlInterfaceID">XMLSerializer</span> {
+<span class="idlMethod"> <span class="idlMethType">DOMString</span> <span class="idlMethName"><a href="#widl-XMLSerializer-serializeToString-DOMString-Node-root">serializeToString</a></span> (<span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType">Node</span> <span class="idlParamName">root</span></span>);</span>
+};</span></pre><section id="methods-1"><h3 id="h3_methods-1" role="heading" aria-level="2"><span class="secno">6.1 </span>Methods</h3><dl class="methods"><dt id="widl-XMLSerializer-serializeToString-DOMString-Node-root"><code>serializeToString</code></dt><dd>The <code>serializeToString(<var>root</var>)</code>
+ method must <a title="concept-serialize-xml" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-serialize-xml">produce an XML serialization</a> of <var>root</var> passing
+ a value of <code>false</code> for the <a title="concept-well-formed" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-well-formed">require well-formed</a> parameter, and return the result.<table class="parameters"><tbody><tr><th>Parameter</th><th>Type</th><th>Nullable</th><th>Optional</th><th>Description</th></tr><tr><td class="prmName">root</td><td class="prmType"><code>Node</code></td><td class="prmNullFalse"><span role="img" aria-label="False">✘</span></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><span role="img" aria-label="False">✘</span></td><td class="prmDesc"></td></tr></tbody></table><div><em>Return type: </em><code>DOMString</code></div></dd></dl></section>
+</section>
+
+<section id="extensions-to-the-element-interface">
+ <!--OddPage--><h2 id="h2_extensions-to-the-element-interface" role="heading" aria-level="1"><span class="secno">7. </span>Extensions to the <code><a title="element" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#element">Element</a></code> interface</h2>
+
+ <pre class="idl"><span class="idlInterface" id="idl-def-Element">partial interface <span class="idlInterfaceID">Element</span> {
+<span class="idlAttribute"> [<span class="extAttr">TreatNullAs=EmptyString</span>]
+ attribute <span class="idlAttrType">DOMString</span> <span class="idlAttrName"><a href="#widl-Element-innerHTML">innerHTML</a></span>;</span>
+<span class="idlAttribute"> [<span class="extAttr">TreatNullAs=EmptyString</span>]
+ attribute <span class="idlAttrType">DOMString</span> <span class="idlAttrName"><a href="#widl-Element-outerHTML">outerHTML</a></span>;</span>
+<span class="idlMethod"> <span class="idlMethType">void</span> <span class="idlMethName"><a href="#widl-Element-insertAdjacentHTML-void-DOMString-position-DOMString-text">insertAdjacentHTML</a></span> (<span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType">DOMString</span> <span class="idlParamName">position</span></span>, <span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType">DOMString</span> <span class="idlParamName">text</span></span>);</span>
+};</span></pre><section id="attributes"><h3 id="h3_attributes" role="heading" aria-level="2"><span class="secno">7.1 </span>Attributes</h3><dl class="attributes"><dt id="widl-Element-innerHTML"><code>innerHTML</code> of type <span class="idlAttrType">DOMString</span>, </dt><dd>
+ <p>The <dfn title="dom-element-innerhtml" id="dfn-dom-element-innerhtml"><code>innerHTML</code></dfn> IDL
+ attribute represents the markup of the
+ <code><a title="element" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#element">Element</a></code>'s contents.
+
+ <dl class="domintro">
+ <!--doc.ih
+ <dt><var>document</var> . <code title="dom-document-innerhtml">innerHTML</code> [ = <var>value</var> ]
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns a fragment of HTML or XML that represents the
+ <code><a title="document" data-spec="DOM4" class="externalDFN">Document</a></code>.
+
+ <p>Can be set, to replace the
+ <code><a title="document" data-spec="DOM4" class="externalDFN">Document</a></code>'s contents with the result of
+ parsing the given string.
+
+ <p>In the case of an <a title="xml-document" data-spec="DOM4" class="externalDFN">XML document</a>,
+ will throw an
+ <code><a data-spec="DOM4" title="domexception" class="externalDFN">DOMException</a></code> with name <code>InvalidStateError</code>
+ if the <code><a title="document" data-spec="DOM4" class="externalDFN">Document</a></code> cannot be serialized
+ to XML, and a
+ <code><a data-spec="DOM4" title="domexception" class="externalDFN">DOMException</a></code> with name <code>SyntaxError</code>
+ if the given string is not well-formed.
+ -->
+
+ <dt><var>element</var> . <code title="dom-element-innerhtml">innerHTML</code> [ = <var>value</var> ]
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns a fragment of HTML or XML that represents the element's
+ contents.
+
+ <p>Can be set, to replace the contents of the element with nodes
+ parsed from the given string.
+
+ <p>In the case of an <a title="xml-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#xml-document">XML document</a>,
+ will throw a
+ <code><a title="domexception" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#domexception">DOMException</a></code> with name
+ "<code><a title="error-names-0" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#error-names-0">InvalidStateError</a></code>"
+ if the <code><a title="element" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#element">Element</a></code> cannot be serialized
+ to XML, and a
+ <code><a title="domexception" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#domexception">DOMException</a></code> with name
+ "<code><a title="error-names-0" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#error-names-0">SyntaxError</a></code>"
+ if the given string is not well-formed.
+ </p></dd></dl>
+
+ <p>On getting, return the result of invoking the
+ <a title="concept-fragment-serializing-algorithm" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-fragment-serializing-algorithm">fragment serializing algorithm</a> on the
+ <a title="context object" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-context-object">context object</a> providing <code>true</code> for the
+ <a title="concept-well-formed" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-well-formed">require well-formed</a> flag (this might throw an exception
+ instead of returning a string).
+
+ <p>On setting, these steps must be run:
+ <ol>
+ <li>Let <var>fragment</var> be the result of invoking the
+ <a title="concept-parse-fragment" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-parse-fragment">fragment parsing algorithm</a> with
+ the new value as <var>markup</var>, and the
+ <a title="context object" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-context-object">context object</a> as the <var>context element</var>.
+
+ <li><a title="concept-node-replace-all" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-node-replace-all">Replace all</a>
+ with <var>fragment</var> within the <a title="context object" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-context-object">context object</a>.
+ </li></ol>
+ </dd><dt id="widl-Element-outerHTML"><code>outerHTML</code> of type <span class="idlAttrType">DOMString</span>, </dt><dd>
+ <p>The <dfn title="dom-element-outerhtml" id="dfn-dom-element-outerhtml"><code>outerHTML</code></dfn> IDL
+ attribute represents the markup of the
+ <code><a title="element" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#element">Element</a></code> and its contents.
+
+ <dl class="domintro">
+ <dt><var>element</var> . <code title="dom-element-outerhtml">outerHTML</code> [ = <var>value</var> ]
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns a fragment of HTML or XML that represents the element and its
+ contents.
+
+ <p>Can be set, to replace the element with nodes parsed from the given
+ string.
+
+ <p>In the case of an <a title="xml-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#xml-document">XML document</a>,
+ will throw a
+ <code><a title="domexception" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#domexception">DOMException</a></code> with name
+ "<code><a title="error-names-0" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#error-names-0">InvalidStateError</a></code>"
+ if the element cannot be serialized to XML, and a
+ <code><a title="domexception" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#domexception">DOMException</a></code> with name
+ "<code><a title="error-names-0" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#error-names-0">SyntaxError</a></code>"
+ if the given string is not well-formed.
+
+ <p>Throws a
+ <code><a title="domexception" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#domexception">DOMException</a></code> with name
+ "<code><a title="error-names-0" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#error-names-0">NoModificationAllowedError</a></code>"
+ if the parent of the element is the
+ <code><a title="document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#document">Document</a></code> node.
+ </p></dd></dl>
+
+ <p>On getting, return the result of invoking the
+ <a title="concept-fragment-serializing-algorithm" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-fragment-serializing-algorithm">fragment serializing algorithm</a> on a
+ fictional node whose only child is the <a title="context object" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-context-object">context object</a>
+ <a title="context object" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-context-object">context object</a> providing <code>true</code> for the
+ <a title="concept-well-formed" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-well-formed">require well-formed</a> flag (this might throw an exception
+ instead of returning a string).
+
+ <p>On setting, the following steps must be run:
+
+ <ol>
+ <li>Let <var>parent</var> be the <a title="context object" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-context-object">context object</a>'s
+ <a title="concept-tree-parent" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-tree-parent">parent</a>.
+
+ <li>If <var>parent</var> is null, terminate these steps. There would be no
+ way to obtain a reference to the nodes created even if the remaining steps
+ were run.
+
+ <li>If <var>parent</var> is a
+ <code><a title="document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#document">Document</a></code>, throw a
+ <code><a title="domexception" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#domexception">DOMException</a></code> with name
+ "<code><a title="error-names-0" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#error-names-0">NoModificationAllowedError</a></code>"
+ exception.
+
+ <li>If <var>parent</var> is a
+ <code><a title="documentfragment" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#documentfragment">DocumentFragment</a></code>, let
+ <var>parent</var> be a new
+ <code><a title="element" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#element">Element</a></code> with
+
+ <ul>
+ <li><code>body</code> as its
+ <a title="concept-element-local-name" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-element-local-name">local name</a>,
+
+ <li>the <a title="html-ns" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-html-ns">HTML namespace</a> as its
+ <a title="concept-element-namespace" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-element-namespace">namespace</a>, and
+ <li>the <a title="context object" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-context-object">context object</a>'s
+ <a title="concept-node-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-node-document">node document</a>
+ as its
+ <a title="concept-node-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-node-document">node document</a>.
+ </li></ul>
+
+ <li>Let <var>fragment</var> be the result of invoking the
+ <a title="concept-parse-fragment" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-parse-fragment">fragment parsing algorithm</a> with
+ the new value as <var>markup</var>, and <var>parent</var> as
+ the <var>context element</var>.
+
+ <li><a title="concept-node-replace" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-node-replace">Replace</a>
+ the <a title="context object" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-context-object">context object</a> with <var>fragment</var> within
+ the <a title="context object" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-context-object">context object</a>'s
+ <a title="concept-tree-parent" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-tree-parent">parent</a>.
+ </li></ol>
+ </dd></dl></section><section id="methods-2"><h3 id="h3_methods-2" role="heading" aria-level="2"><span class="secno">7.2 </span>Methods</h3><dl class="methods"><dt id="widl-Element-insertAdjacentHTML-void-DOMString-position-DOMString-text"><code>insertAdjacentHTML</code></dt><dd>
+ <dl class="domintro">
+ <dt><var>element</var> . <code title="dom-element-insertadjacenthtml">insertAdjacentHTML</code>(<var>position</var>, <var>text</var>)
+
+ <dd>
+ <p>Parses the given string <var>text</var> as HTML or XML and inserts
+ the resulting nodes into the tree in the position given by the
+ <var>position</var> argument, as follows:
+
+ <dl>
+ <dt>"beforebegin"
+ <dd>Before the element itself.
+
+ <dt>"afterbegin"
+ <dd>Just inside the element, before its first child.
+
+ <dt>"beforeend"
+ <dd>Just inside the element, after its last child.
+
+ <dt>"afterend"
+ <dd>After the element itself.
+ </dd></dl>
+
+ <p>Throws a <code><a title="domexception" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#domexception">DOMException</a></code> with name
+ "<code><a title="error-names-0" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#error-names-0">SyntaxError</a></code>"
+ if the arguments have invalid values (e.g., in the case of an
+ <a title="xml-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#xml-document">XML document</a>, if the given string is
+ not well-formed).
+
+ <p>Throws a
+ <code><a title="domexception" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#domexception">DOMException</a></code> with name
+ "<code><a title="error-names-0" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#error-names-0">NoModificationAllowedError</a></code>"
+ if the given position isn't possible (e.g. inserting elements
+ after the root element of a <code><a title="document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#document">Document</a></code>).
+ </p></dd></dl>
+
+ <p>The
+ <dfn title="dom-element-insertadjacenthtml" id="dfn-dom-element-insertadjacenthtml"><code>insertAdjacentHTML(<var>position</var>, <var>text</var>)</code></dfn>
+ method must run these steps:
+
+ <ol>
+ <li>Use the first matching item from this list:
+
+ <dl class="switch">
+ <dt>If <var>position</var> is an
+ <a title="ascii-case-insensitive" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for
+ the string "beforebegin"
+
+ <dt>If <var>position</var> is an
+ <a title="ascii-case-insensitive" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for
+ the string "afterend"
+
+ <dd>
+ <p>Let <var>context</var> be the <a title="context object" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-context-object">context object</a>'s
+ <a title="concept-tree-parent" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-tree-parent">parent</a>.
+
+ <p>If <var>context</var> is null or a
+ <a title="concept-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-document">document</a>, throw
+ a
+ <code><a title="domexception" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#domexception">DOMException</a></code> with name
+ "<code><a title="error-names-0" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#error-names-0">NoModificationAllowedError</a></code>".
+
+ </p><dt>If <var>position</var> is an
+ <a title="ascii-case-insensitive" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for
+ the string "afterbegin"
+
+ <dt>If <var>position</var> is an
+ <a title="ascii-case-insensitive" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for
+ the string "beforeend"
+
+ <dd>Let <var>context</var> be the <a title="context object" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-context-object">context object</a>.
+
+ <dt>Otherwise
+ <dd>
+ <p>Throw a <code>SyntaxError</code> exception.
+ </p></dd></dl>
+
+ <li>If <var>context</var> is not an
+ <code><a title="element" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#element">Element</a></code> or the following are all true:
+
+ <ul>
+ <li><var>context</var>'s
+ <a title="concept-node-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-node-document">node document</a>
+ is an <a title="html-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#html-document">HTML document</a>,
+
+ <li><var>context</var>'s
+ <a title="concept-element-local-name" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-element-local-name">local name</a>
+ is "<code>html</code>", and
+
+ <li><var>context</var>'s
+ <a title="concept-element-namespace" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-element-namespace">namespace</a>
+ is the <a title="html-ns" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-html-ns">HTML namespace</a>;
+ </li></ul>
+
+ <p>let <var>context</var> be a new
+ <code><a title="element" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#element">Element</a></code> with
+
+ <ul>
+ <li><code>body</code> as its
+ <a title="concept-element-local-name" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-element-local-name">local name</a>,
+
+ <li>the <a title="html-ns" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-html-ns">HTML namespace</a> as its
+ <a title="concept-element-namespace" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-element-namespace">namespace</a>, and
+
+ <li>the <a title="context object" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-context-object">context object</a>'s
+ <a title="concept-node-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-node-document">node document</a>
+ as its
+ <a title="concept-node-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-node-document">node document</a>.
+ </li></ul>
+
+ <li>Let <var>fragment</var> be the result of invoking the
+ <a title="concept-parse-fragment" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-parse-fragment">fragment parsing algorithm</a> with <var>text</var> as
+ <var>markup</var>, and <var>context</var> as the <var>context element</var>.
+
+ <li>Use the first matching item from this list:
+
+ <dl class="switch">
+ <dt>If <var>position</var> is an
+ <a title="ascii-case-insensitive" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for
+ the string "beforebegin"
+
+ <dd><a title="concept-node-insert" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-node-insert">Insert</a>
+ <var>fragment</var> into the <a title="context object" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-context-object">context object</a>'s
+ <a title="concept-tree-parent" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-tree-parent">parent</a>
+ before the <a title="context object" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-context-object">context object</a>.
+
+ <dt>If <var>position</var> is an
+ <a title="ascii-case-insensitive" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for
+ the string "afterbegin"
+
+ <dd><a title="concept-node-insert" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-node-insert">Insert</a>
+ <var>fragment</var> into the <a title="context object" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-context-object">context object</a>
+ before its
+ <a title="concept-tree-first-child" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-tree-first-child">first child</a>.
+
+ <dt>If <var>position</var> is an
+ <a title="ascii-case-insensitive" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for
+ the string "beforeend"
+
+ <dd><a title="concept-node-append" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-node-append">Append</a>
+ <var>fragment</var> to the <a title="context object" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-context-object">context object</a>.
+
+ <dt>If <var>position</var> is an
+ <a title="ascii-case-insensitive" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for
+ the string "afterend"
+
+ <dd><a title="concept-node-insert" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-node-insert">Insert</a>
+ <var>fragment</var> into the <a title="context object" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-context-object">context object</a>'s
+ <a title="concept-tree-parent" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-tree-parent">parent</a>
+ before the <a title="context object" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-context-object">context object</a>'s
+ <a title="concept-tree-next-sibling" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-tree-next-sibling">next sibling</a>.
+ </dd></dl>
+ </li></ol>
+ <table class="parameters"><tbody><tr><th>Parameter</th><th>Type</th><th>Nullable</th><th>Optional</th><th>Description</th></tr><tr><td class="prmName">position</td><td class="prmType"><code>DOMString</code></td><td class="prmNullFalse"><span role="img" aria-label="False">✘</span></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><span role="img" aria-label="False">✘</span></td><td class="prmDesc"></td></tr><tr><td class="prmName">text</td><td class="prmType"><code>DOMString</code></td><td class="prmNullFalse"><span role="img" aria-label="False">✘</span></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><span role="img" aria-label="False">✘</span></td><td class="prmDesc"></td></tr></tbody></table><div><em>Return type: </em><code>void</code></div></dd></dl></section>
+</section>
+
+<!-- Dropping this extention as it is not implemented, nor does it appear that any browser
+ is currently interested in supporting it. Perhaps it can come back in a V2 of this spec
+ if browsers become interested.
+<section>
+ <h1>Extensions to the <code><a title="text" data-spec="DOM4" class="externalDFN">Text</a></code> interface</h1>
+
+ <dl class="idl" title="partial interface Text">
+ <dt>attribute boolean serializeAsCDATA</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <dl class=domintro>
+ <dt><var>text</var> .
+ <code title="dom-text-serializeascdata">serializeAsCDATA</code> [ = <var>value</var> ]
+ <dd>Controls whether, in XML, this node is serialized as a CDATA section.
+ </dl>
+
+ <p><code><a title="text" data-spec="DOM4" class="externalDFN">Text</a></code> nodes have an additional
+ associated flag, the <dfn>serialize as CDATA flag</dfn>.
+
+ <p>The
+ <dfn title="dom-text-serializeascdata"><code>serializeAsCDATA</code></dfn>
+ attribute must return true if the <a title="context object">context object</a> has its
+ <a>serialize as CDATA flag</a> set, or false otherwise.
+
+ <p>Setting the <code title="dom-text-serializeascdata">serializeAsCDATA</code>
+ attribute must, if the new value is true, set the
+ <a title="context object">context object</a>'s <a>serialize as CDATA flag</a>, or unset
+ it otherwise.
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+</section>
+-->
+
+<section id="extensions-to-the-range-interface">
+ <!--OddPage--><h2 id="h2_extensions-to-the-range-interface" role="heading" aria-level="1"><span class="secno">8. </span>Extensions to the <code><a title="range" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#range">Range</a></code> interface</h2>
+
+ <pre class="idl"><span class="idlInterface" id="idl-def-Range">partial interface <span class="idlInterfaceID">Range</span> {
+<span class="idlMethod"> [<span class="extAttr">NewObject</span>]
+ <span class="idlMethType">DocumentFragment</span> <span class="idlMethName"><a href="#widl-Range-createContextualFragment-DocumentFragment-DOMString-fragment">createContextualFragment</a></span> (<span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType">DOMString</span> <span class="idlParamName">fragment</span></span>);</span>
+};</span></pre><section id="methods-3"><h3 id="h3_methods-3" role="heading" aria-level="2"><span class="secno">8.1 </span>Methods</h3><dl class="methods"><dt id="widl-Range-createContextualFragment-DocumentFragment-DOMString-fragment"><code>createContextualFragment</code></dt><dd>
+ <dl class="domintro">
+ <dt><var>docFragment</var> = <var>range</var> . <code title="dom-range-createcontextualfragment">createContextualFragment</code>(<var>markupString</var>)
+ <dd>Returns a <code><a title="documentfragment" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#documentfragment">DocumentFragment</a></code>, created
+ from the markup string given.
+ </dd></dl>
+
+ <p>The
+ <dfn title="dom-range-createcontextualfragment" id="dfn-dom-range-createcontextualfragment"><code>createContextualFragment(<var>fragment</var>)</code></dfn>
+ method must run these steps:
+
+ <ol>
+ <li>Let <var>node</var> the <a title="context object" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-context-object">context object</a>'s
+ <a title="concept-range-start-node" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-range-start-node">start node</a>.
+
+ <p>Let <var>element</var> be as follows, depending on <var>node</var>'s interface:
+
+ <dl class="switch">
+ <dt><code><a title="document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#document">Document</a></code>
+ <dt><code><a title="documentfragment" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#documentfragment">DocumentFragment</a></code>
+ <dd>null
+
+ <dt><code><a title="element" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#element">Element</a></code>
+ <dd><var>node</var>
+
+ <dt><code><a title="text" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#text">Text</a></code>
+ <dt><code><a title="comment" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#comment">Comment</a></code>
+ <dd><var>node</var>'s
+ <a title="parent-element" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#parent-element">parent element</a>
+
+ <dt><code><a title="documenttype" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#documenttype">DocumentType</a></code>
+ <dt><code><a title="processinginstruction" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#processinginstruction">ProcessingInstruction</a></code>
+ <dd>[<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-DOM4">DOM4</a></cite>] prevents this case.
+ </dd></dl>
+
+ <li>If either <var>element</var> is null or the following are all true:
+
+ <ul>
+ <li><var>element</var>'s
+ <a title="concept-node-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-node-document">node document</a>
+ is an <a title="html-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#html-document">HTML document</a>,
+
+ <li><var>element</var>'s
+ <a title="concept-element-local-name" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-element-local-name">local name</a>
+ is "<code>html</code>", and
+
+ <li><var>element</var>'s
+ <a title="concept-element-namespace" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-element-namespace">namespace</a>
+ is the <a title="html-ns" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-html-ns">HTML namespace</a>;
+ </li></ul>
+
+ <p>let <var>element</var> be a new
+ <a title="concept-element" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-element">element</a> with
+
+ <ul>
+ <li>"<code>body</code>" as its
+ <a title="concept-element-local-name" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-element-local-name">local name</a>,
+
+ <li>the <a title="html-ns" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-html-ns">HTML namespace</a> as its
+ <a title="concept-element-namespace" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-element-namespace">namespace</a>, and
+
+ <li>the <a title="context object" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-context-object">context object</a>'s
+ <a title="concept-node-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-node-document">node document</a>
+ as its
+ <a title="concept-node-document" class="externalDFN" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/#concept-node-document">node document</a>.
+ </li></ul>
+
+ <li>Let <var>fragment node</var> be the result of invoking the
+ <a title="concept-parse-fragment" class="internalDFN" href="#dfn-concept-parse-fragment">fragment parsing algorithm</a> with <var>fragment</var> as
+ <var>markup</var>, and <var>element</var> as the <var>context element</var>.
+
+ <li>Unmark all scripts in <var>fragment node</var> as "already started".
+
+ <li>Return <var>fragment node</var>.
+ </li></ol>
+ <table class="parameters"><tbody><tr><th>Parameter</th><th>Type</th><th>Nullable</th><th>Optional</th><th>Description</th></tr><tr><td class="prmName">fragment</td><td class="prmType"><code>DOMString</code></td><td class="prmNullFalse"><span role="img" aria-label="False">✘</span></td><td class="prmOptFalse"><span role="img" aria-label="False">✘</span></td><td class="prmDesc"></td></tr></tbody></table><div><em>Return type: </em><code>DocumentFragment</code></div></dd></dl></section>
+</section>
+
+<section class="appendix" id="acknowledgements">
+ <!--OddPage--><h2 id="h2_acknowledgements" role="heading" aria-level="1"><span class="secno">A. </span>Acknowledgements</h2>
+ <p>Thanks to Ms2ger [<a href="http://www.mozilla.org">Mozilla</a>] for maintaining the initial
+ drafts of this specification and for its continued improvement in the
+ <a href="http://domparsing.spec.whatwg.org/">Living Specification</a>.
+
+ <p>Thanks to Anne van Kesteren, Aryeh Gregor, Boris Zbarsky, Henri Sivonen, Simon Pieters, Victor Costan, and timeless
+ for their useful comments.
+
+ <p>Special thanks to Ian Hickson for defining the
+ <code title="dom-element-innerhtml">innerHTML</code> and
+ <code title="dom-element-outerhtml">outerHTML</code> attributes, and the
+ <code title="dom-element-insertadjacenthtml">insertAdjacentHTML()</code> method in
+ [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-HTML5">HTML5</a></cite>] and his useful comments.
+ </p>
+</section>
+
+<section class="appendix" id="references" typeof="bibo:Chapter" rel="bibo:Chapter" resource="#references"><!--OddPage--><h2 id="h2_references" role="heading" aria-level="1"><span class="secno">B. </span>References</h2><section id="normative-references" typeof="bibo:Chapter" rel="bibo:Chapter" resource="#normative-references"><h3 id="h3_normative-references" role="heading" aria-level="2"><span class="secno">B.1 </span>Normative references</h3><dl class="bibliography" about=""><dt id="bib-HTML5">[HTML5]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">Robin Berjon; Steve Faulkner; Travis Leithead; Erika Doyle Navara; Edward O'Connor; Silvia Pfeiffer. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/"><cite>HTML5</cite></a>. 4 February 2014. W3C Candidate Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/">http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC2119">[RFC2119]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">S. Bradner. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><cite>Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.</cite></a> March 1997. Internet RFC 2119. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-WEBIDL">[WEBIDL]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires">Cameron McCormack. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/WebIDL/"><cite>Web IDL</cite></a>. 19 April 2012. W3C Candidate Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/WebIDL/">http://www.w3.org/TR/WebIDL/</a>
+</dd></dl></section><section id="informative-references" typeof="bibo:Chapter" rel="bibo:Chapter" resource="#informative-references"><h3 id="h3_informative-references" role="heading" aria-level="2"><span class="secno">B.2 </span>Informative references</h3><dl class="bibliography" about=""><dt id="bib-DOM4">[DOM4]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:references">Anne van Kesteren; Aryeh Gregor; Ms2ger; Alex Russell; Robin Berjon. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/"><cite>W3C DOM4</cite></a>. 4 February 2014. W3C Last Call Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/">http://www.w3.org/TR/dom/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-XML10">[XML10]</dt><dd rel="dcterms:references">Tim Bray; Jean Paoli; Michael Sperberg-McQueen; Eve Maler; François Yergeau et al. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xml"><cite>Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fifth Edition)</cite></a>. 26 November 2008. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xml">http://www.w3.org/TR/xml</a>
+</dd></dl></section></section></body></html>