--- a/glossary/index.html Tue Mar 12 12:52:03 2013 +0100
+++ b/glossary/index.html Tue Mar 12 17:18:43 2013 +0100
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
<section >
<h4>Data Cloud</h4>
-Also refered to <a href="http://richard.cyganiak.de/2007/10/lod/">Linked Data Cloud</a> is visual representation of datasets published in Linked Data format, using metadata generated by a given directory (e.g: CKAN) where the datasets are organized by domain, with outgoing links to external datasets.
+Data cloud, also called <a href="http://richard.cyganiak.de/2007/10/lod/">Linked Data Cloud</a>, is visual representation of datasets published in Linked Data format using metadata generated by a given directory (e.g., CKAN) where the datasets are organized by domain, with outgoing links to external datasets.
</section >
<section >
@@ -119,8 +119,7 @@
<section>
<h4>Data Market</h4>
-A portal where a community can upload and share data in various ways, such as dump files, endpoint access or API access.
-It could also contain some applications making use of the datasets.
+Data warehouse refers to a storage and retrieval system for enterprise information designed to centralize information from other stores to facilitate cross-system querying and reporting. Linked Data is an alternative to data warehouses whereby data consumers (human and machine) assume a distributed information architecture and use HTTP URIs to describe and access resources.
</section >
<section>
@@ -135,52 +134,52 @@
<section>
<h4>Dereferencing a URI</h4>
-The act of retrieving a representation of a resource or the semantic description of a resource created by the URI owner. A URI was successfully dereferenced when an agent successfully retrieved the representation of the resource or received the semantic description of a resource via the protocol specified within the URI.
+Dereferencing a URI refers to the act of retrieving a representation of a resource or the semantic description of a resource created by the <a href="#uri">URI</a> owner. A URI is successfully dereferenced when an agent successfully retrieves the representation of the resource or receives the semantic description of a resource via the protocol specified within the URI.
</section>
<section>
<h4>Description Logics (DLs)</h4>
-
Description Logics are a family of knowledge representation formalisms with varying and adjustable expressivity. Two variants of the Web Ontology Language (OWL), specifically OWL Lite and OWL DL are based on DLs.
</section>
<section>
<h4>Descriptor Resource</h4>
-A type of resource that bears/carries the description of a Subject.</h4>
+Descriptor resource refers to a type of resource in the context of RDF that bears/carries the description of a Subject.
</section>
<section>
<h4>DCAT</h4>
-DCAT is an RDF vocabulary designed to facilitate interoperability between data catalogs published on the Web. See <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat/">Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT)</a> documentation.
+Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT) is an RDF vocabulary. It is designed to facilitate interoperability between data catalogs published on the Web. See <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat/">Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT)</a> documentation for details.
</section>
<section>
<h4>Directed Graph</h4>
-A graph in which the links between nodes are directional (they only go from one node to another). RDF represents things (nouns) and the relationships between them (verbs) in a directed graph. In RDF, the links are differentiated by being assigned URIs.
+A directed graph is a graph in which the links between nodes are directional, i.e., they only go from one node to another. RDF represents things (nouns) and the relationships between them (verbs) in a directed graph. In <a href="#rdf">RDF</a>, the links are differentiated by being assigned <a href="#uri">URIs</a>.
</section>
<section>
<h4>Document Type Definition</h4>
-A type of schema for defining a markup language, such as in XML or HTML (or their predecessor SGML).
+Document Type Definition (DTD) refers to a type of schema for defining a markup language, such as in XML or HTML (or their predecessor SGML).
</section>
<section>
-<h4>Domain Name System (DNS)</h4> The Internet's mechanism for mapping between a human-readable host name (e.g. www.example.com) and an Internet Protocol (IP) Address (e.g. 203.20.51.10).
+<h4>Domain Name System (DNS)</h4>
+Domain Name System (DNS) refers to the Internet's mechanism for mapping between a human-readable host name (e.g. <a href="http://www.example.com">www.example.com</a>) and an Internet Protocol (IP) Address (e.g. 203.20.51.10).
</section>
<section>
<h4>Dublin Core Element Set</h4>
- A vocabulary of fifteen properties for use in resource descriptions, such as may be found in a library card catalog (creator, publisher, etc). The Dublin Core Elecment Set is the most commonly used vocabulary for Linked Data applications. <a href="See http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/"> Dublin Core Element Set, Version 1.1 Specification</a>
+ Dublin Core Element Set refers to a <a href="#vocabulary">vocabulary</a> of fifteen properties for use in resource descriptions, such as may be found in a library card catalog (creator, publisher, etc). The Dublin Core Element Set is the most commonly used vocabulary for Linked Data applications. For details, see <a href="See http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/"> Dublin Core Element Set, Version 1.1 Specification.</a>
</section>
<section>
-<h4>Dublin Core Metadata Initiative</h4>
-An open international organization engaged in the development of interoperable metadata standards, including the Dublin Core Element Set. <a href="http://dublincore.org/about-us/">The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI)</a> supports metadata design and best practices across a broad range of purposes and business models.
+<h4>Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI)</h4>
+<a href="http://dublincore.org/about-us/">The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI)</a> is an open international organization engaged in the development of interoperable metadata standards, including the Dublin Core Element Set. It supports metadata design and best practices across a broad range of purposes and business models.
</section>
<section>
<h4>Entity</h4>
-Anything that can be named using an HTTP URL and serve as the Subject of a description.
+The term entity refers to anything that can be named using an HTTP URL. It serves as the <a href="#subject">Subject</a> of a description.
</section>
<section>
@@ -190,12 +189,12 @@
<section>
<h4>Free/Libre/Open Source Software</h4>
- A generic and internationalized term for software released under an Open Source license.
+Free, also known as Libre or Open Sour, is a generic and internationalized term for software released under an Open Source license. <a href="http://www.sourceforge.net/">Sourceforge</a> is a public repository of such software.
</section>
<section>
<h4>Graph</h4>
-A collection of objects (represented by "nodes") any of which may be connected by links between them. See also<a href="#directed-graph"> Directed Graph</a>.
+Graph refers to a mathematical structure consisting of a collection of objects, represented by "nodes", and connected by “edges” (also called links), to denote inter-relationships between them. It is well established as the field of Graph Theory. See also [<a href="#directed-graph">Directed Graph</a>].
</section>
<section>
@@ -205,22 +204,22 @@
<section>
<h4>HyperText Markup Language (HTML)</h4>
-The predominant markup language for hypertext pages on the Web. HTML defines the structure of Web pages and it is a family of W3C standards.
+HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the predominant markup language for hypertext pages on the Web. HTML defines the structure of Web pages and it is a family of W3C standards.
</section>
<section>
<h4>HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)</h4>
-The standard transmission protocol [[!RFC2616]] used on the World Wide Web to transfer hypertext requests and information between Web servers and Web clients (such as browsers). It is an IETF standard.
+HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the standard transmission protocol [[!RFC2616]] used on the World Wide Web to transfer hypertext requests and information between Web servers and Web clients (such as browsers). It is an IETF standard.
</section>
<section>
<h4>International Standards Organization (ISO)</h4>
-A network of the national standards institutes of 162 countries that cooperate to define international standards. It Defines many standards including in the context formats for dates and currency.
+International Standards Organization (ISO) is a network of the national standards institutes of 162 countries that cooperate to define international standards. It Defines many standards including in the context formats for dates and currency.
</section>
<section>
<h4>Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)</h4>
- An open international community concerned with the evolution of Internet architecture and the operation of the Internet. Defines standards such as HTTP and DNS.
+ Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is an open international community concerned with the evolution of Internet architecture and the operation of the Internet. It had defined standards such as HTTP and DNS.
</section>
<section>
@@ -230,7 +229,7 @@
<section>
<h4>JSON</h4>
-JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) is syntax for storing and exchanging text based information. JSON has proven to be a highly useful and popular object serialization and messaging format for the Web.
+JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) is syntax for storing and exchanging text based information. JSON has proven to be a highly useful and popular object serialization and messaging format for the Web. See [[!RFC4627]] for details.
</section>
<section>
@@ -240,12 +239,12 @@
<section>
<h4>Jena</h4>
- An Open Source Software implementation of a Semantic Web development framework. Jena supports the storage, retrieval and analysis of RDF information.
+<a href="http://jena.apache.org">Jena</a> is an Open Source Software implementation of a <a href="#semantic-web">Semantic Web</a> development framework. It supports the storage, retrieval and analysis of <a href="#rdf">RDF</a> information.
</section>
<section>
<h4>Linked Data</h4>
-Refers to a set of <a href="http://linkeddata.org/">best practices</a> for publishing and interlinking structured data for access by both humans and machines via the use of the RDF family of syntaxes (e.g., RDF/XML, N3, Turtle and N-Triples) and HTTP URIs. Linked Data can be published by an person or organization behind the firewall or on the public Web. If Linked Data is published on the public Web, it is generally called <em>Linked Open Data</em>.
+Linked data refers to a set of <a href="http://linkeddata.org/">best practices</a> for publishing and interlinking structured data for access by both humans and machines via the use of the RDF family of syntaxes (e.g., RDF/XML, N3, Turtle and N-Triples) and HTTP URIs. Linked Data can be published by an person or organization behind the firewall or on the public Web. If Linked Data is published on the public Web, it is generally called <em><a href="#linked-open-data">Linked Open Data</a></em>.
</section>
<section>
@@ -255,7 +254,7 @@
<section>
<h4>Linked Open Data (LOD)</h4>
-Refers to Linked Data published on the public Web. Publishing Linked Open Data [[HOWTO-LODP]] enables distributed SPARQL queries of the data sets and a “browsing” or “discovery” approach to finding information, as compared to a search strategy.
+Linked Open Data refers to Linked Data published on the public Web . Publishing Linked Open Data [[HOWTO-LODP]] enables distributed <a href="#sparql">SPARQL</a> queries of the data sets and a "browsing" or "discovery" approach to finding information, as compared to a search strategy.
</section>
<section>
@@ -270,12 +269,12 @@
<section>
<h4>Linking Government Data</h4>
-The use of tools and techniques of the Semantic Web to connect, expose and use data from government systems.
+Linking government data refers to the use of tools and techniques of the Semantic Web to connect, expose and use data from government systems.
</section>
<section>
<h4>Machine-Readable Cataloging system</h4>
-A family of formats for the representation of bibliographic information in libraries (ISO 2709, ANSI/NISO Z39.2).
+Machine-Readable Cataloging system is a family of formats for the representation of bibliographic information in libraries (ISO 2709, ANSI/NISO Z39.2).
</section>
<!--commented for now
@@ -292,38 +291,38 @@
-->
<section>
<h4>Metadata</h4>
-Information used to administer, describe, preserve, present, use or link other information held in resources, especially knowledge resources, be they physical or virtual.
+Metadata literally means data about data. It refers to the information used to administer, describe, preserve, present, use or link other information held in resources, especially knowledge resources, be they physical or virtual.
</section>
<section>
<h4>Metadata Object Description Schema</h4>
- A bibliographic description system intended to be a compromise between MARC and DC metadata. Implemented in XML Schema (see DC, MARC, XSD).
+It is a bibliographic description system intended to be a compromise between <a href="http://www.loc.gov/marc">MARC</a> and <a href="http://dublincore.org/">DC metadata</a>. It is implemented in <a href="#xml-schema">XML Schema</a>. See DC, MARC, XSD.
</section>
<section>
<h4>Modeling Process</h4>
-To produce high quality Linked Data, subject matter experts often work with developers to capture the context of data and define the relationships of the data. Capturing organizational knowledge about the meaning of the data within the RDF data model means the data is more likely to be reused correctly. Well defined context ensures better understanding, proper reuse, and is critical when establishing linkages to other data sets.
+Modeling process in the context of RDF refers to the act by subject matter experts to work with developers to capture the context of data and define the relationships of the data. By doing so, high quality of Linked Data is obtained since capturing organizational knowledge about the meaning of the data within the RDF data model means the data is more likely to be reused correctly. Well defined context ensures better understanding, proper reuse, and is critical when establishing linkages to other data sets.
</section>
<section>
<h4>N3</h4>
-Abbreviation for Notation3 (N3), a readable RDF syntax used for expressing assertion and logic. N3 [[N3]] is a superset of RDF, extending the RDF model by adding formulae (literals which are graphs themselves), variables, logical implication, and functional predicates. See also <a href="#turtle">Turtle</a>.
+N3 is an abbreviation for Notation3. It has a readable <a href="#rdf">RDF</a> syntax used for expressing assertion and logic. N3 [[N3]] is a superset of RDF, extending the RDF model by adding formulae (literals which are graphs themselves), variables, logical implication, and functional predicates. See also [<a href="#turtle">Turtle</a>].
</section>
<section>
<h4>Namespace</h4>
-A set of names that belongs to a single authority. Namespaces allow different agents to use the same word in different ways.
+Namespace refers to a container for a set of names that belong to a single authority. Namespaces allow different agents to use the same word in different ways.
</section>
<section>
<h4 >Ontology</h4>
-A formal representation of relationships between items or concepts in a directed graph structure. See also <a href="#taxonomy">taxonomy</a>.
+Ontology is a formal representation of relationships between items or concepts in a directed graph structure. Resource Description Format (RDF/XML) and Web Ontology Language (OWL) are popular markup languages for ontologies. See also <a href="#taxonomy">taxonomy</a>.
</section>
<section>
<h4>Ontology Matching</h4>
It is a process of finding correspondences between semantically related entities of the ontologies, which
-can be used for various tasks, such as ontology merging, query answering, data translation, or for navigation on the semantic web.
+can be used for various tasks, such as ontology merging, reconciliation, query answering, data translation, or for navigation on the semantic web.
</section>
<section>
@@ -333,7 +332,7 @@
<section>
<h4>Open World</h4>
- The presumption that what is not known to be true may yet be true if additional information is later obtained. It is the assumption underlying RDF and OWL Full, and often opposed to <a href="#closed-world">"Closed World"</a>
+ Open world is a concept from Artificial Intelligence (AI) and refers to a model of uncertainty that an agent assumes about the external work. In an open world, the agent presumes that what is not known to be true may yet be true if additional information is later obtained. It is the assumption underlying RDF and OWL Full, and often opposed to <a href="#closed-world">"Closed World".</a>
</section>
<section>
@@ -343,7 +342,7 @@
<section>
<h4>Predicate</h4>
-Modifies the Subject of an RDF Statement. Inspired from work in predicate calculus, (also called predicate logic, first order logic), the predicate of a sentence can be thought of as the verb.
+Predicate refers to a piece of knowledge expressed formally in AI. Inspired from work in predicate calculus, (also called predicate logic, first order logic), the predicate of a sentence can be thought of as the verb. In the context of RDF, a predicate modifies the <a href="#subject">Subject</a> of an <a href="#rdf">RDF</a> Statement.
</section>
<section>
@@ -353,27 +352,27 @@
<section>
<h4>Protocol</h4>
-A set of instructions for transferring data from one computer to another over a network. A protocol standard defines both message formats and the rules for sending and receiving those messages.
+Protocol, in the context of computing, refers to a set of instructions for transferring data from one computer to another over a network. A protocol standard defines both message formats and the rules for sending and receiving those messages.
</section>
<section>
<h4>Public Sector Information</h4>
-Information created by a government in the course of governing.
+Public Sector Information, also called public information, is the information created by a government in the course of governing. In most democracies, such information can be made available to people in due course of time.
</section>
<section>
<h4>Quad Store</h4>
-A colloquial phrase for an RDF database that stores RDF triples plus an additional element of information, often used to collect statements into groups.
+Quad Store is a colloquial phrase for an RDF database that stores RDF triples plus an additional element of information, often used to collect statements into groups.
</section>
<section>
<h4>Query</h4>
-A query in the context of Linked Data implies programmatic retrieval of resources and their relationships from the Web of Data. Using the SPARQL language, developers issue queries based on (triple) patterns. SPARQL queries provide one or more patterns against such relationships. To get results, the query engine retrieves a response matching the requested query, returning a query result set. Results may be returned in a table format for example, which can be used to build complex mashups and visualizations.
+A query in the context of <a href="#linked-data">Linked Data</a> implies programmatic retrieval of resources and their relationships from the Web of Data. Using the SPARQL language, developers issue queries based on (triple) patterns. <a href="#sparql">SPARQL</a> queries provide one or more patterns against such relationships. To get results, the query engine retrieves a response matching the requested query, returning a query result set. Results may be returned in a table format for example, which can be used to build complex mashups and visualizations.
</section>
<section>
<h4>Raw Data</h4>
-Machine-readable files from the wilderness released without any specific effort to make them applicable to a particular application. The advantage of "raw" data is that it can be reused in multiple applications created by multiple communities; but this requires some means of processing it.
+Raw data refers to machine-readable files from the wilderness released without any specific effort to make them applicable to a particular application. The advantage of "raw" data is that it can be reused in multiple applications created by multiple communities; but this requires some means of processing it.
</section>
<section>
@@ -464,12 +463,13 @@
</section>
<section>
-<h4>Service Oriented Architecture</h4>
-A set of architectural design guidelines used to expose services, often as Web Services.
+<h4>Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)</h4>
+Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) refers to a set of architectural design guidelines used to expose IT systems as services. The functionality of a service is published to a registry, can be discovered by potential new users, and directly invoked using published standards. A Web Services based system is an example of SOA.
</section>
<section>
-<h4>Sesame</h4> An Open Source Software implementation of a Semantic Web development framework. It supports the storage, retrieval and analysis of RDF information, available at <a href="http://www.openrdf.org">http://www.openrdf.org</a>
+<h4>Sesame</h4>
+Sesame is an Open Source Software implementation of a Semantic Web development framework. It supports the storage, retrieval and analysis of RDF information. It is available <a href="http://www.openrdf.org">online</a>.
</section>
<section>
@@ -493,8 +493,8 @@
</section>
<section>
-<h4>Structured Query Language</h4>
-A query language standard for relational databases.
+<h4>Structured Query Language (SQL)</h4>
+Structured Query Language (SQL) is a query language standard for relational databases.
</section>
<section>
@@ -504,12 +504,12 @@
<section >
<h4>Taxonomy</h4>
- A formal representation of relationships between items in a hierarchical structure. See <a href="#ontology">Ontology</a>.
+ Taxonomy is a formal representation of relationships between items in a hierarchical structure. Also see <a href="#ontology">Ontology</a>.
</section >
<section >
<h4 >Tbox</h4>
-One of two types of statements in an ontology (the other being <a href="#abox">Abox</a>). Tbox statements describe a knowledge system in terms of controlled vocabularies (or "terminology", hence the "T"), e.g. A Person is a Mammal.
+One of two types of statements in an ontology (the other being <a href="#abox">Abox</a>). Tbox statements describe a knowledge system in terms of controlled vocabularies (or "terminology", hence the "T"), e.g. <em>A Person is a Mammal</em>.
</section >
<section >
@@ -519,32 +519,32 @@
<section >
<h4>Triple</h4>
- An RDF statement, consisting of two things (a "Subject" and an "Object") and a relationship between them (a verb, or "Predicate"). This subject-predicate-object triple forms the smallest possible RDF graph (although most RDF graphs consist of many statements).
+ A triple refers to a <a href="#rdf">RDF</a> statement, consisting of two things (a "Subject" and an "Object") and a relationship between them (a verb, or "Predicate"). This subject-predicate-object triple forms the smallest possible RDF graph (although most RDF graphs consist of many statements).
</section >
<section >
<h4>Triple store</h4>
- A colloquial phrase for an RDF database that stores RDF triples.
+ Triple store is a colloquial phrase for an <a href="#rdf">RDF</a> database that stores RDF triples.
</section >
<section >
<h4>Tuple</h4>
- An ordered list of elements. RDF statements are 3-tuples; an ordered list of three elements.
+ Tuple is a mathematical term referring to an ordered list of elements. RDF statements are 3-tuples; an ordered list of three elements.
</section >
<section >
<h4>Turtle</h4>
-An RDF serialization format designed to be easier to read than others such as RDF/XML. Turtle allows an RDF graph to be written in a compact and natural text form, with abbreviations for common usage patterns and datatypes. Turtle [[!TURTLE-TR]] provides levels of compatibility with the existing N-Triples format as well as, the triple pattern syntax of the SPARQL W3C Recommendation.
+Turtle is an RDF serialization format designed to be easier to read than others such as RDF/XML. Turtle allows an RDF graph to be written in a compact and natural text form, with abbreviations for common usage patterns and datatypes. Turtle [[!TURTLE-TR]] provides levels of compatibility with the existing N-Triples format as well as, the triple pattern syntax of the SPARQL W3C Recommendation.
</section >
<section >
<h4>Uniform Resource Indicator</h4>
- A global identifier for the Web standardized by joint action of the W3C and IETF. A URI may or may not be resolvable on the Web (see <a href="#uniform-resource-locator">URL</a>).
+ Uniform resource indicator is a global identifier for the Web standardized by joint action of the W3C and IETF. A URI may or may not be resolvable on the Web. Also see <a href="#uniform-resource-locator">URL</a>.
</section >
<section>
<h4>Universally Unique Identifier</h4>
- A large hexadecimal number that may be calculated by anyone without significant central coordination and used to uniquely identify a resource. A standard of the Open Software Foundation.
+ Universally unique identifier refers to a large hexadecimal number that may be calculated by anyone without significant central coordination and used to uniquely identify a resource. It is a standard of the Open Software Foundation.
</section>
<section >
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@
<section>
<h4>Uniform Resource Locator</h4>
-A global identifier for Web resources standardized by joint action of the W3C and IETF. A URL is resolvable on the Web and is commonly called a "Web address".
+Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a global identifier for Web resources standardized by joint action of the W3C and IETF. A URL is resolvable on the Web and is commonly called a "Web address".
</section>
<section>
@@ -591,13 +591,13 @@
</section >
<section>
-<h4>World Wide Web Consortium</h4>
-An international community that develops standards for the World Wide Web. Defines standards such as HTML, XML and RDF.
+<h4>World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)</h4>
+<a href="http://www.w3c.org/">World Wide Web Consortium</a>, also known as W3C, is an international community that develops and promote high-quality standards based on consensus around Web technologies. It defined standards such as <a href="http://www.w3.org/standards/webdesign/">Web Design</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/standards/webarch/">Web Architecture</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/">Semantic Web</a>.
</section >
<section>
<h4>eXtensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML)</h4>
- A family of versions of HTML based on XML and standardized by the W3C [[!XHTML1]].
+eXtensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML) is a family of versions of HTML based on XML and standardized by the W3C [[!XHTML1]].
</section >
<section>
@@ -606,7 +606,6 @@
</section >
<section>
-
<h4>XML Schema</h4>
XML Schemas provide a means for defining the structure, content and semantics of XML documents as defined in [[!XMLS-SCHEMA0]].
</section >
@@ -614,7 +613,7 @@
<section>
<h4>eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT)</h4>
-Declarative programs to transform one XML document into another XML document.
+eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT) is a declarative program to transform one XML document into another XML document.
</section>