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-</style><link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-WD" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" charset="utf-8"></head>
-<body style="display: inherit; "><div class="head"><p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img width="72" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" alt="W3C"></a></p><h1 class="title" id="title">An organization ontology</h1><h2 id="w3c-working-draft-23-october-2012"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Working Draft 23 October 2012</h2><dl><dt>This version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-vocab-org-20121023/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-vocab-org-20121023/</a></dd><dt>Latest published version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-org/">http://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-org/</a></dd><dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt><dd><a href="https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/gld/raw-file/default/org/index.html">https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/gld/raw-file/default/org/index.html</a></dd><dt>Previous version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-vocab-org-20120405/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-vocab-org-20120405/</a></dd><dt>Editor:</dt><dd><span>Dave Reynolds</span>, <a href="http://www.epimorphics.com/">Epimorphics Ltd.</a></dd>
-</dl><p class="copyright"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> © 2012 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym></a><sup>®</sup> (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.</p><hr></div>
-
-<div id="abstract" class="introductory section"><h2>Abstract</h2>
-
-<p> This document describes a core ontology for organizational structures, aimed
-at supporting linked data publishing of organizational information across
-a number of domains. It is designed to allow domain-specific extensions to add classification
-of organizations and roles, as well as extensions to support neighbouring information
-such as organizational activities.
-</p>
-</div><div id="sotd" class="introductory section"><h2>Status of This Document</h2><p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> technical reports index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em></p>
-This ontology was originally
- developed <a href="http://www.epimorphics.com/public/vocabulary/org.html">
- and published</a> outside of <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>, but has been extended and further
- developed within the Government Linked Data Working group.
-<p>This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/gld/">Government Linked Data Working Group</a> as a Last Call Working Draft. This document is intended to become a <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation. If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to <a href="mailto:public-gld-wg@w3.org">public-gld-wg@w3.org</a> (<a href="mailto:public-gld-wg-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>, <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-gld-wg/">archives</a>). The Last Call period ends 08 April 2013. All feedback is welcome.</p><p>Publication as a Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.</p><p>This is a Last Call Working Draft and thus the Working Group has determined that this document has satisfied the relevant technical requirements and is sufficiently stable to advance through the Technical Recommendation process.</p><p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>. <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> maintains a <a href="undefined" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>.</p></div><div id="toc" class="section"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#overview-of-ontology" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Overview of ontology</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#example-1" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.1 </span>Example</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#description" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>Description and commentary</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#organizational_structure" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1 </span>Organizational structure</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#reporting_structure" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2 </span>Membership and Reporting structure</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#location_information" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Location information</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#organizational_history" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.4 </span>Organizational history</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#notes-on-modelling-style" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.5 </span>Notes on modelling style</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#conformance" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>Conformance</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#namespaces-1" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span>Namespaces</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#ontology_reference" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5. </span>Ontology Reference</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#ontology_index" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1 </span>Index of classes and properties</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#organizational-structure" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2 </span>Organizational structure</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#class--organization" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2.1 </span>Class: Organization</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#class--formalorganization" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2.2 </span>Class: FormalOrganization</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#class--organizationalunit" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2.3 </span>Class: OrganizationalUnit</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#membership--roles--posts-and-reporting" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3 </span>Membership, roles, posts and reporting</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#property--memberof" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.1 </span>Property: memberOf</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#property--hasmember" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.2 </span>Property: hasMember</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#property--headof" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.3 </span>Property: headOf</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#class--membership" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.4 </span>Class: Membership</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#class--role" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.5 </span>Class: Role</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#class--post" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.6 </span>Class: Post</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#property--reportsto" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.7 </span>Property: reportsTo</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#location" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4 </span>Location</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#class--site" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4.1 </span>Class: Site</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#property--location" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4.2 </span>Property: location</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#projects-and-other-activities" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.5 </span>Projects and other activities</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#class--organizationalcollaboration" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.5.1 </span>Class: OrganizationalCollaboration</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#historical-information" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.6 </span>Historical information</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#class--changeevent" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.6.1 </span>Class: ChangeEvent</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#change-history" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A. </span>Change history</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B. </span>Acknowledgements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C. </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C.1 </span>Normative references</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">C.2 </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
-
-
-
-
-<!-- INTRODUCTION -->
-
-<div class="introductory section">
-
-<h2 id="introduction">Introduction</h2>
-<p>This document describes a core ontology (ORG) for organizational
- structures, aimed
-at supporting linked data publishing of organizational information across
-a number of domains. It is designed to allow domain-specific extensions to add classification
-of organizations and roles, as well as extensions to support neighbouring information
-such as organizational activities.</p>
-
-<p>This document does not prescribe any particular method of deploying
- data expressed in ORG. ORG is applicable in many contexts including
- RDF accessible via SPARQL endpoints, embedded in HTML pages,
- or serialized as an RDF/XML or Turtle. The examples in this
- document use Turtle [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-TURTLE">TURTLE</a></cite>] in the interests of readability.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-
-<!-- Overview of ontology -->
-
-<div class="informative section" id="overview-of-ontology">
-<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">1. </span>Overview of ontology</h2><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
-
-<p>This ontology is designed to enable publication of information on
- organizations and organizational structures including governmental
- organizations. It is intended to provide a generic, reusable core
- ontology that can be extended or specialized for use in particular situations.</p>
-
-<p>The ontology gives terms to support the representation of:</p>
-<ul>
- <li><a href="#organizational_structure">organizational structure</a>
- <ul>
- <li>notion of an organization</li>
- <li>decomposition into sub-organizations and units</li>
- <li>purpose and classification of organizations</li>
- </ul>
- </li>
- <li><a href="#reporting_structure">reporting structure</a>
- <ul>
- <li>membership and reporting structure within an organization</li>
- <li>roles, posts, and the relationship between people and organizations</li>
- </ul>
- </li>
- <li><a href="#location_information">location information</a>
- <ul>
- <li>sites or buildings, locations within sites</li>
- </ul>
- </li>
- <li><a href="#organizational_history">organizational history (merger, renaming)</a></li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>This coverage corresponds to the type of information typically
- found in organizational charts. As such it does not offer a
- complete representation for all the nuances of organizational
- control structures and flows of accountability and empowerment.
- Developers are encouraged to create extension vocabularies for such
- purposes, building upon this generic foundation.</p>
-
-<p>The ontology does not provide category structures for organization
-type, organization purpose or roles. Different domains will have different
-requirements for classification of such concepts. Instead the ontology
-provides just the core base concepts needed to allow extensions to add specific
-sub-class structures or classification schemes as required. Users of
- the ontology are encouraged to define <strong>profiles</strong>
- which strengthen interoperability by specifying particular
- controlled vocabularies to use for these concepts.
-</p>
-
-<p>A pictorial illustration of the main classes and relationships in
- ORG is shown below. All terms are within the
- ORG namespace (<code>http://www.w3.org/ns/org#</code>, preferred
- prefix <em>org:</em>) unless an explicit prefix is
- given. The namespaces for all referenced vocabularies are giving
- in the section on <a href="#ns">Namespaces</a>.
- </p>
-
-<img src="img/diagram.png" alt="Diagram depicting core classes and relationships">
-
-<div class="informative section" id="example-1">
-<h3 id="example"><span class="secno">1.1 </span>Example</h3><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
-<p>This example illustrates a small fragment of the organizational
- structure of the UK Cabinet Office:</p>
-
-<pre><http://reference.data.gov.uk/id/department/co>
- rdf:type org:Organization , central-government:Department;
- skos:prefLabel "Cabinet Office" ;
- org:hasUnit <http://reference.data.gov.uk/id/department/co/unit/cabinet-office-communications> .
-
-<http://reference.data.gov.uk/id/department/co/unit/cabinet-office-communications>
- rdf:type org:OrganizationalUnit ;
- skos:prefLabel "Cabinet Office Communications" ;
- org:unitOf <http://reference.data.gov.uk/id/department/co> ;
- org:hasPost <http://reference.data.gov.uk/id/department/co/post/246> .
-
-<http://reference.data.gov.uk/id/department/co/post/246>
- skos:prefLabel "Deputy Director, Deputy Prime Minister's Spokesperson/Head of Communications" .
- org:postIn <http://reference.data.gov.uk/id/department/co/unit/cabinet-office-communications> ;
- org:heldBy <#person161> .
- </pre>
-
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-
-<!-- Descriptive section -->
-
-<div id="description" class="section">
-
-<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">2. </span>Description and commentary</h2>
-
-<div id="organizational_structure" class="informative section">
-<h3><span class="secno">2.1 </span>Organizational structure</h3><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
-
-<p>The core class in the ontology
- is <a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a> which is
- intended to be applicable to a very broad range of organizations. It
- represents a collection of people organized together into a
- community or other social, commercial or political structure. The group
- has some common purpose or reason for existence which goes beyond the
- set of people belonging to it. An organization may itself be able to
- act as an agent.</p>
-
-<p>We distinguish a particular sub-class of
- organization <a href="#org:FormalOrganization">org:FormalOrganization</a>
- to indicate organizations that are recognized in the world at large, in
- particular in legal jurisdictions, with associated rights and
- responsibilities. Examples include a corporation, charity, government or
- church.</p>
-
-<p>The ontology then supports the notion of organizations being
- composed of other organizations in some hierarchy. The
- relations <a href="#org:subOrganizationOf">org:subOrganizationOf</a>
- and <a href="#org:hasSubOrganization">org:hasSubOrganization</a>
- establish these hierarchical links. </p>
-
-<p>In some cases the sub-organization can be regarded as standalone -
- for example a legally recognized business may be part of a larger group or holding
- company. In other cases it is useful to refer to departments or
- organizational units such as <emphasis>the IT department</emphasis>
- which only have meaning within the context of the containing
- organization. The ontology supports that situation through a specialization
- of <a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a>
- called <a href="#org:OrganizationalUnit">org:OrganizationalUnit</a>. For
- convenience it also provides the relations <a href="#org:hasUnit">org:hasUnit</a>
- and <a href="#org:unitOf">org:unitOf</a> which are specializations
- of the generic sub-organization links.</p><p>
-
-</p><p>Note that the containment hierarchy is completely open. For
- example, <a href="#org:FormalOrganization">org:FormalOrganization</a>s are free to contain
- other <a href="#org:FormalOrganization">org:FormalOrganization</a>s.</p>
-
-<h4 id="organizational-hierarchy">Organizational hierarchy</h4>
-
-<p>In many organizations there is a hierarchy of unit structures. For example we might see a containment hierarchy like:</p>
-
-<pre class="code">Corporation
- BusinessUnit
- Division
- Function
-</pre>
-
-<p>Such hierarchies are specific to the particular organization, or class of
- organization being modelled. Profiles of ORG may include
- sub-classes
- of <a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a> and <a href="#org:OrganizationalUnit">org:OrganizationalUnit</a> to
- represent such structures and specialize or restrict the use
- of <a href="#org:hasSubOrganization">org:hasSubOrganization</a> to match the desired hierarchy.</p>
-
-<h4 id="organizational-classification">Organizational classification</h4>
-
-<p>In a number of circumstances we wish to classify organizations. There are many approaches that could be
-taken for this. It can be based on the legal structure under which the organization operates.
-For example in UK legislation there are defined notions of Partnership, Limited Company etc
-that can be used as a basis for classification.
-Alternatively organizations can be classified by the service they
- provide (e.g. educational, manufacturing, legal service etc).</p>
-
-<p>ORG is neutral with respect to such choices.
- It is anticipated that profiles will either introduce
- sub-classes of <a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a> or
- define a classification scheme for organizations. To support the
- latter the ontology supplies a
- property <a href="#org:classification">org:classification</a> which
- can be used the classify an organization using a SKOS
- [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-SKOS-REFERENCE">SKOS-REFERENCE</a></cite>] concept scheme.</p>
-
-<p>Which of these mechanisms to use depends on the situation. If the classification is not intrinsic to the organization
- but simply some way to group organizations, for example as part of a
- directory, then <a href="#org:classification">org:classification</a> should be used. If the
- classification is a reflection of the intrinsic nature of the
- organization and affects other properties then the sub-class
- approach should be used.
- For example, only charities have charity numbers so it would be better to represent a
- charity as a sub-class of <a href="#org:FormalOrganization">org:FormalOrganization</a> rather
- than via a taxonomic labelling.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div id="reporting_structure" class="informative section">
-<h3><span class="secno">2.2 </span>Membership and Reporting structure</h3><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
-
-<p>ORG provides a number of ways to represent the relationship between
- people and organizations, together with the internal reporting
- structure of an organization. Experience with early versions of the
- ontology demonstrated that there is no "one size that fits
- all". In some cases a very simple direct representation is preferred
- for ease of consumption. In other cases a more complex
- representation is needed to capture the nuances of the situation.
- An ORG profile may specify that a particular subset of these
- mechanisms be used.</p>
-
-<h4 id="direct-membership-relation">Direct membership relation</h4>
-
-<p>
-This simplest representation provided by ORG is to directly state that
-some individual (represented as a <a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_Agent">foaf:Agent</a>) is <a href="#org:memberOf">org:memberOf</a> an organization. To represent
-specific roles that the person plays, ORG profiles may define
-sub-properties of <a href="#org:memberOf">org:memberOf</a>. In particular, the notion
-of a leader or head of a organization is so common that ORG provides a
-built in property specialization of <a href="#org:memberOf">org:memberOf</a>, namely
-<a href="#org:headOf">org:headOf</a> for this purpose.</p>
-
-<p>For example:</p>
-
-<pre class="code"><http://example.com/people#ceo>
- org:headOf <http://example.com/org#id>.
-</pre>
-
-<h4 id="membership-n-ary-relationship">Membership n-ary relationship</h4>
-
-<p>However, in general it is advantageous to have an explicit
- representation of the organizational role that the person fulfils (e.g.
-for publication of responsibilities associated with the role). This is supported
-by the <a href="#org:Role">org:Role</a> class. The situation of an Agent fulfilling that role within an organization
-is then expressed through instances of the <a href="#org:Membership">org:Membership</a> n-ary relationship. This also
-makes it possible to annotate the relationship with qualifying information such as duration, salary,
-reference to the employment contract and so forth.</p>
-
-<p>For example:</p>
-
-<pre class="code"><http://example.com/org#id> a org:FormalOrganization;
- skos:prefLabel "Example Ltd".
-
-eg:ctoRole a org:Role;
- skos:prefLabel "CTO".
-
-[] a org:Membership;
- org:member <http://example.com/people#jo>;
- org:organization <http://example.com/org#id>;
- org:role eg:ctoRole;
- org:memberDuring [a time:Interval; time:hasBeginning [
- time:inXSDDateTime "2009-11-01T09:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime]].
-</pre>
-
-<p>The relationship between this full n-ary relationship and the
- direct <a href="#org:memberOf">org:memberOf</a> property can be expressed
- as an entailment rule, using SPARQL Construct [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-SPARQL-QUERY">RDF-SPARQL-QUERY</a></cite>]:</p>
-
-<pre class="code">CONSTRUCT {
- ?agent org:memberOf ?org.
-} WHERE {
- [] a org:Membership;
- org:member ?agent;
- org:organization ?org.
-}
-</pre>
-
-<p>Since this representation can be a little less convenient to query and
-explore via linked data browsing tools the core allows both explicit roles and
-simple direct relations to be used simultaneously. The relationship between
-the Role resource and the corresponding property can be indicated through
-the <a href="#org:roleProperty">org:roleProperty</a> annotation. Thus we might extend the above example with:</p>
-
-<pre class="code">eg:ctoRole a org:Role;
- org:roleProperty eg:ctoOf.
-
-eg:ctoOf a owl:ObjectProperty, rdf:Property;
- skos:prefLabel "CTO";
- rdfs:subPropertyOf org:memberOf.
-
-<http://example.com/people#jo>
- eg:ctoOf <http://example.com/org#id>.
-</pre>
-
-<p>The semantics of <a href="#org:roleProperty">org:roleProperty</a> can be expressed
- using a second closure rule:</p>
-
-<pre class="code">CONSTRUCT {
- ?agent ?roleprop ?org.
-} WHERE {
- [] a org:Membership;
- org:member ?agent;
- org:organization ?org;
- org:role [ org:roleProperty ?roleprop ].
-}
-</pre>
-
-<p>Tool chains may generate <a href="#org:Membership">org:Membership</a> instances
- and then apply this closure rule to add any corresponding
- short-cut specializations of <a href="#org:memberOf">org:memberOf</a>.</p>
-
-<h4 id="posts">Posts</h4>
-
-<p>The third representation that is provided by ORG is that of
- a <a href="#org:Post">org:Post</a> which represents some position in the
- organization that may or may not be currently filled. Posts enable
- reporting structures and organization charts to be represented
- independently of the individuals holding those posts. Posts can
- report to other Posts.</p><p>
-
-</p><p>So a <a href="#org:Post">org:Post</a> can exist without someone holding that
- post. In contrast, a <a href="#org:Membership">org:Membership</a> represents the relationship between
- a particular individual (Agent) and the organization and does not
- exist unless there is an Agent to partake of the relationship.</p>
-
-<p>A <a href="#org:Post">org:Post</a> is also defined as a sub-class
- of <a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a> to allow for cases where a Post is
- actually held by a group of people (whether as a timeshare, as a
- team or as a formal group such as a committee). </p>
-
-<p>A post can have an associated <a href="#org:Role">org:Role</a>.</p>
-
-<h4 id="relationship-between-posts-and-memberships">Relationship between Posts and Memberships</h4>
-
-<p>
- In many situations only one of Post or Membership is needed, and ORG
- profiles may specify that use of one of the two is preferred.
- In cases where the structure of the organization is to be
- given, independently of the people within that
- structure, then <a href="#org:Post">org:Post</a> is the appropriate
- representation to choose. In cases where the aim is to record
- the people who make up the organization and those memberships are
- likely to be annotated (e.g. with duration of the membership)
- then <a href="#org:Membership">org:Membership</a> is appropriate.</p>
-
-<p>We can state a formal relationship between these
- representations in the form of two entailment rules:</p>
-
-<pre class="code">CONSTRUCT {
- ?agent org:memberOf ?org.
-} WHERE {
- ?agent org:holds ?post.
- ?post org:postIn ?org.
-}
-</pre>
-
-<pre class="code">CONSTRUCT {
- [] a org:Membership;
- org:member ?agent;
- org:organization ?org;
- org:role ?role.
-} WHERE {
- ?agent org:holds ?post.
- ?post org:postIn ?org.
- ?post org:role ?role.
-}
-</pre>
-
-</div>
-
-<div id="location_information" class="informative section">
-<h3><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Location information</h3><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
-
-<p>ORG provides
-<a href="#org:Site">org:Site</a> to represent locations at which organizations exist. The
-relations <a href="#org:siteOf">org:siteOf</a> and <a href="#org:hasSite">org:hasSite</a> establish links between a
-<a href="#org:Site">org:Site</a> and an organization. We distinguish a
-primary site
-(<a href="#org:hasPrimarySite">org:hasPrimarySite</a>)
-to indicate the default means by which an
-organization can be contacted, and a registered site
-(<a href="#org:hasRegisteredSite">org:hasRegisteredSite</a>)
-to indicate a legally registered site for the
-organization.</p>
-
-<p>The ontology
- provides <a href="#org:siteAddress">org:siteAddress</a> to define
- the address of a site using the vCard [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-VCARD">VCARD</a></cite>] vocabulary.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div id="organizational_history" class="informative section">
-<h3><span class="secno">2.4 </span>Organizational history</h3><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
-
-<p>Any aspect of organizational structure is subject to change over time.
-For the most part this should be handled by an external mechanism such as named graphs.
-When Organizations change substantially (not simply a change of personnel or internal structure),
-for example a merger to create a new organization, then the new Organization
-will typically be denoted by a new URI. In that case we need some
- vocabulary to describe that change over time
- and the relationship between the original and resulting resources.
-ORG provides <a href="#org:ChangeEvent">org:ChangeEvent</a> and
- associated properties as a
- foundation for this, building upon
- the PROV-O Provenance Vocabulary [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>].</p>
-
-<h5 id="note">Note</h5>
-
-<p>In earlier versions of this ontology
- the <a href="http://open-biomed.sourceforge.net/opmv/ns">OPMV
- Provenance Vocabulary</a> was used.
- We believe that the PROV-O terms used here are equivalent to the corresponding
- OPMV terms previously used and that this change does not affect the
- semantics of the ontology. </p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class="informative section" id="notes-on-modelling-style">
-<h3><span class="secno">2.5 </span>Notes on modelling style</h3><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
-
-<p><em>Use of inverses:</em> designers differ on whether providing pairs of inverse relationships between
-concepts is good practice compared to declaring each relationship in just one direction. In this design we
-provide inverses for most relations (omitting attribute-like relations). This makes it easier to query
-the data in linked data settings where a (non-symmetric) closed bounded description is often the
-default description of each resource. This does incur a cost in terms
- of maintenance of those relationships.
-Particular applications of the ontology may adopt a profile in which only certain directions are asserted in the
- data and leave it up to clients to apply any inverseOf reasoning they require.</p>
-
-<p><em>Naming:</em> some designers prefer to name properties by nouns which describe the object
-of the property, others prefer to treat property names as names of the link and use a pattern
-to indicate the direction of the link. Here we adopt the latter approach for those properties
-which are relational and especially when the direction is ambiguous.
-We use the URI pattern <code>org:hasFoo/org:fooOf</code> for this but simplify the labels to "foo"
-and "foo of" to improve readability in linked data viewers.</p>
-</div>
-
-</div> <!-- End of descriptive section -->
-
-<div id="conformance" class="section"><!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">3. </span>Conformance</h2><p>As well as sections marked as non-normative, all authoring guidelines, diagrams, examples, and notes in this specification are non-normative. Everything else in this specification is normative.</p>
-<p>The key words <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em>, <em class="rfc2119" title="must not">must not</em>, <em class="rfc2119" title="required">required</em>, <em class="rfc2119" title="should">should</em>, <em class="rfc2119" title="should not">should not</em>, <em class="rfc2119" title="recommended">recommended</em>, <em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em>, and <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> in this specification are to be interpreted as described in [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC2119">RFC2119</a></cite>].</p>
-
-<p>A data interchange, however that interchange occurs, is conformant
- with ORG if:
-</p><ul>
-<li>it uses terms (classes and properties) from ORG in a way consistent with
- their semantics as declared in this specification;</li>
-<li>it does <strong>not</strong> use terms from other vocabularies <strong>instead</strong> of ones defined
- in this vocabulary that could reasonably be used (use of such
- terms <strong>in addition</strong> to ORG terms is permissible).</li>
-</ul>
-<p></p>
-
-<p>A conforming data interchange:
-</p><ul>
-<li><em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em> include terms from other vocabularies;</li>
-<li><em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em> use only a subset of ORG terms.</li>
-</ul>
-<p></p>
-
-<p>An <strong>ORG profile</strong> is a specification for data
- interchange that adds additional constraints to ORG. Additional
- constraints in a profile <em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em>
- include (but are not limited to):
-</p><ul>
-<li>a minimum set of required terms;</li>
-<li>classes and properties for additional terms not covered in ORG;</li>
-<li>controlled vocabularies or controlled sets of URIs to use as acceptable values for
- properties;</li>
-<li>guidance on use of pairs of inverse properties (such as selecting only one
- member of the pair to be included, or requiring that both
- members be explicitly included);</li>
-<li>guidance on choice of modelling approach for roles
- (see <a href="#reporting_structure">Membership and Reporting
- structure</a>).</li>
-</ul>
-<p></p>
-
-</div>
-
-<!-- Namespaces -->
-<div id="namespaces-1" class="section">
-<!--OddPage--><h2 id="ns"><span class="secno">4. </span>Namespaces</h2>
-<p>The namespace for ORG is <code>http://www.w3.org/ns/org#</code>. However,
-it should be noted that ORG extends and uses terms from other vocabularies. A full set of alphabetically ordered namespaces and prefixes used in this
-document is shown in the table below.</p>
-<!-- Alphabetically ordered-->
-<table id="namespaces">
- <thead><tr><th>Prefix</th><th>Namespace</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
-
- <tr><td>foaf</td><td><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/">http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/</a></td><td>[<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-FOAF">FOAF</a></cite>]</td></tr>
- <tr><td>gr</td><td><a href="http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1">http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#</a></td><td>[<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-GOOD-RELATIONS">GOOD-RELATIONS</a></cite>]</td></tr>
- <tr><td>prov</td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</a></td><td>[<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>]</td></tr>
- <tr><td>org</td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org">http://www.w3.org/ns/org#</a></td><td></td></tr>
- <tr><td>owl</td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl">http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#</a></td><td>[<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-OWL2-PRIMER">OWL2-PRIMER</a></cite>]</td></tr>
- <tr><td>time</td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/2006/time">http://www.w3.org/2006/time#</a></td><td>[<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-OWL-TIME">OWL-TIME</a></cite>]</td></tr>
- <tr><td>rdf</td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns">http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#</a></td><td>[<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">RDF-CONCEPTS</a></cite>]</td></tr>
- <tr><td>rdfs</td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema">http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#</a></td><td>[<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-SCHEMA">RDF-SCHEMA</a></cite>]</td></tr>
- <tr><td>skos</td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core">http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#</a></td><td>[<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-SKOS-REFERENCE">SKOS-REFERENCE</a></cite>]</td></tr>
- <tr><td>vcard</td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#">http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#</a></td><td>[<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-VCARD">VCARD</a></cite>]</td></tr>
- <tr><td>dct</td><td><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">http://purl.org/dc/terms/</a></td><td>[<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-DC11">DC11</a></cite>]</td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-
-<!-- Ontology section -->
-
-<div id="ontology_reference" class="section">
-<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">5. </span>Ontology Reference</h2>
-
-<div id="ontology_index" class="section">
-<h3><span class="secno">5.1 </span>Index of classes and properties</h3>
-
-<p><strong>Classes:</strong>
- | <a href="#org:ChangeEvent">ChangeEvent</a>
- | <a href="#org:FormalOrganization">FormalOrganization</a>
- | <a href="#org:Membership">Membership</a>
- | <a href="#org:OrganizationalCollaboration">OrganizationalCollaboration</a>
- | <a href="#org:OrganizationalUnit">OrganizationalUnit</a>
- | <a href="#org:Organization">Organization</a>
- | <a href="#org:Post">Post</a>
- | <a href="#org:Role">Role</a>
- | <a href="#org:Site">Site</a> |
-</p>
-
-<p><strong>Properties:</strong>
- | <a href="#org:basedAt">basedAt</a>
- | <a href="#org:changedBy">changedBy</a>
- | <a href="#org:classification">classification</a>
- | <a href="#org:hasMember">hasMember</a>
- | <a href="#org:hasMembership">hasMembership</a>
- | <a href="#org:hasPost">hasPost</a>
- | <a href="#org:hasPrimarySite">hasPrimarySite</a>
- | <a href="#org:hasRegisteredSite">hasRegisteredSite</a>
- | <a href="#org:hasSite">hasSite</a>
- | <a href="#org:hasSubOrganization">hasSubOrganization</a>
- | <a href="#org:hasUnit">hasUnit</a>
- | <a href="#org:headOf">headOf</a>
- | <a href="#org:heldBy">heldBy</a>
- | <a href="#org:holds">holds</a>
- | <a href="#org:identifier">identifier</a>
- | <a href="#org:linkedTo">linkedTo</a>
- | <a href="#org:location">location</a>
- | <a href="#org:memberDuring">memberDuring</a>
- | <a href="#org:memberOf">memberOf</a>
- | <a href="#org:member">member</a>
- | <a href="#org:organization">organization</a>
- | <a href="#org:originalOrganization">originalOrganization</a>
- | <a href="#org:postIn">postIn</a>
- | <a href="#org:purpose">purpose</a>
- | <a href="#org:remuneration">remuneration </a>
- | <a href="#org:reportsTo">reportsTo</a>
- | <a href="#org:resultedFrom">resultedFrom</a>
- | <a href="#org:resultingOrganization">resultingOrganization</a>
- | <a href="#org:role">role</a>
- | <a href="#org:roleProperty">roleProperty</a>
- | <a href="#org:siteAddress">siteAddress</a>
- | <a href="#org:siteOf">siteOf</a>
- | <a href="#org:subOrganizationOf">subOrganizationOf</a>
- | <a href="#org:transitiveSubOrganizationOf">transitiveSubOrganizationOf</a>
- | <a href="#org:unitOf">unitOf</a> |
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<!-- Organizational structure -->
-<div id="organizational-structure" class="section">
-<h3><span class="secno">5.2 </span>Organizational structure</h3>
-
-<!-- Class Organization -->
-<div id="class--organization" class="section">
-<h4 id="org:Organization"><span class="secno">5.2.1 </span>Class: Organization</h4>
-<p>Represents a collection of people organized together into a
-community or other social, commercial or political structure. The group
-has some common purpose or reason for existence which goes beyond the
-set of people belonging to it and can act as an Agent. Organizations are
- often decomposable into hierarchical structures. </p>
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDFS Class:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#Organization">org:Organization</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr><td class="prop">subClassOf:</td><td> <a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent">foaf:Agent</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Usage note:</td><td> It is recommended
-that SKOS lexical labels should be used to label the Organization. In
-particular <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel">skos:prefLabel</a> for the primary (e.g. legally
- recognized name), <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel">skos:altLabel</a> for alternative
- names (trading names, colloquial names)
- and <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation">skos:notation</a> to denote codes from a code
- list. Alternative names: <em>Collective</em>, <em>Body</em>, <em>Group</em>.</td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<!-- Property subOrganizationOf -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:subOrganizationOf">Property: subOrganizationOf</h5>
-<p>Represents hierarchical containment of Organizations or OrganizationalUnits; indicates an Organization which contains this Organization.</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#subOrganizationOf">org:subOrganizationOf</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain and Range:</td><td><a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Usage note:</td><td> Inverse of <a href="#org:hasSubOrganization">org:hasSubOrganization</a>. </td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-<!-- Property transitiveSubOrganizationOf -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:transitiveSubOrganizationOf">Property: transitiveSubOrganizationOf</h5>
-<p>Represents hierarchical containment of Organizations or
- OrganizationalUnits; indicates an Organization which contains this
- Organization, directly or indirectly.</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#transitiveSubOrganizationOf">org:transitiveSubOrganizationOf</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain and Range:</td><td><a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Transitive super property of:</td><td><a href="#org:subOrganizationOf">org:subOrganizationOf</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Usage note:</td><td> The transitive closure of subOrganizationOf, giving a representation of all organizations that contain this one. Note that technically this is a super property of the transitive closure so it could contain additional assertions but such usage is discouraged.</td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-<!-- Property hasSubOrganization -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:hasSubOrganization">Property: hasSubOrganization</h5>
-<p>Represents hierarchical containment of Organizations or OrganizationalUnits; indicates an organization which is a sub-part or child of this organization.</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#hasSubOrganization">org:hasSubOrganization</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain and Range:</td><td><a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Usage note:</td><td> Inverse of <a href="#org:subOrganizationOf">org:subOrganizationOf</a>.</td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-<!-- Property purpose -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:purpose">Property: purpose</h5>
-<p>Indicates the purpose of this Organization. There can be many purposes at different levels of abstraction but the nature of an organization is to have a reason for existence and this property is a means to document that reason. An Organization may have multiple purposes.</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#purpose">org:purpose</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Usage note:</td><td> It is recommended that the purpose be denoted by a controlled
-term or code list, ideally a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept">skos:Concept</a>. However, the
-range is left open to allow for other types of descriptive schemes. It
-is expected that profiles of this
-vocabulary will constrain the range of <a href="#org:purpose">org:purpose</a>. Alternative names: <em>remit</em>, <em>responsibility</em> (esp. if applied to OrganizationalUnits such as Government Departments).</td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-
-<!-- Property classification -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:classification">Property: classification</h5>
-<p>Indicates a classification for this Organization within some
-classification scheme. </p>
-<p>Note that it also permissible for applications to define
- sub-classes of <a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a> as a means to represent
- organizational categories.</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#classification">org:classification</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
-
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Range:</td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept">skos:Concept</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Usage note:</td><td>
- Extension vocabularies may wish to specialize
-this property to have a range corresponding to a specific <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#ConceptScheme">skos:ConceptScheme</a>
-</td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-
-<!-- Property identifier -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:identifier">Property: identifier</h5>
-<p>Gives an identifier, such as a company registration number, that can
- be used to used to uniquely identify the organization.</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#identifier">org:identifier</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
-
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">subPropertyOf:</td><td> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation">skos:notation</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Usage note:</td><td>
- Many different national and international identifier schemes are available from other
- vocabularies. The ORG ontology is neutral to which schemes are used. The particular identifier
- scheme should be indicated by the datatype of the identifier value.
-Using datatypes to distinguish the notation scheme used is consistent
-with recommended best practice for <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation">skos:notation</a> of which this property is a specialization.
-</td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-<!-- Property linkedTo -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:linkedTo">Property: linkedTo</h5>
-<p>Indicates an arbitrary relationship between two organizations.</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#linkedTo">org:linkedTo</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain and Range:</td><td><a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Usage note:</td>
- <td>
- Specializations of this can be used to, for example, denote funding or supply chain relationships.
- </td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-</div> <!-- end of Class Organization-->
-
-<!-- Class FormalOrganization -->
-<div id="class--formalorganization" class="section">
-<h4 id="org:FormalOrganization"><span class="secno">5.2.2 </span>Class: FormalOrganization</h4>
-<p>
- An Organization which is recognized in the world at large, in
-particular in legal jurisdictions, with associated rights and
-responsibilities. Examples include a corporation, charity, government or
- church.
-</p>
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDFS Class:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#FormalOrganization">org:FormalOrganization</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr><td class="prop">subClassOf:</td><td> <a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Usage note:</td><td>
-
- Note that this is a super class
- of <a href="http://www.heppnetz.de/ontologies/goodrelations/v1.html#BusinessEntity">gr:BusinessEntity</a>
-and it is recommended to use the GoodRelations vocabulary to denote Business classifications such as DUNS or NAICS.
-</td></tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-
-</div> <!-- end of Class FormalOrganization-->
-
-
-<!-- Class OrganizationalUnit -->
-<div id="class--organizationalunit" class="section">
-<h4 id="org:OrganizationalUnit"><span class="secno">5.2.3 </span>Class: OrganizationalUnit</h4>
-<p>
-An Organization such as a department or support unit which is part of some
-larger Organization and only has full recognition within the
-context of that Organization. In particular the unit would not be
-regarded as a legal entity in its own right.
-</p>
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDFS Class:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#OrganizationalUnit">org:OrganizationalUnit</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr><td class="prop">subClassOf:</td><td> <a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Usage note:</td><td>
-Units can be large and complex containing other Units. Alternative names: <em>Department</em>
-</td></tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-
-<!-- Property hasUnit -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:hasUnit">Property: hasUnit</h5>
-<p>Indicates a unit which is part of this Organization, e.g. a Department within a larger Organization.</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#hasUnit">org:hasUnit</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Range:</td><td><a href="#org:OrganizationalUnit">org:OrganizationalUnit</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">subPropertyOf:</td><td> <a href="#org:hasSubOrganization">org:hasSubOrganization</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Usage note:</td><td>
- Inverse of <a href="#org:unitOf">org:unitOf</a>.
-</td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-<!-- Property unitOf -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:unitOf">Property: unitOf</h5>
-<p>Indicates an Organization of which this Unit is a part, e.g. a
-Department within a larger Organization.</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#unitOf">org:unitOf</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
-
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><a href="#org:OrganizationalUnit">org:OrganizationalUnit</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Range:</td><td><a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">subPropertyOf:</td><td> <a href="#org:subOrganizationOf">org:subOrganizationOf</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Usage note:</td><td>
- This is the inverse of <a href="#org:hasUnit">org:hasUnit</a>.
-</td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-</div> <!-- end of Class OrganizationalUnit-->
-
-</div>
-
-<!-- End of section Organizational structure -->
-
-<!-- Reporting relationships and roles -->
-<div id="membership--roles--posts-and-reporting" class="section">
-<h3><span class="secno">5.3 </span>Membership, roles, posts and reporting</h3>
-
-
-<!-- Property memberOf -->
-<div id="property--memberof" class="section">
-<h4 id="org:memberOf"><span class="secno">5.3.1 </span>Property: memberOf</h4>
-<p>
- Indicates that a person is a member of the Organization with no
- indication of the nature of that membership or the role
- played. Note that the choice of property name is not meant to
- limit the property to only formal membership arrangements, it
- is also intended to cover related concepts such as
- affiliation or other involvement in the
- organization. Extensions can specialize this relationship to
- indicate particular roles within the organization or more
- nuanced relationships to the organization.
-</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#memberOf">org:memberOf</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent">foaf:Agent</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Range:</td><td><a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">inverseOf:</td><td><a href="#org:hasMember">org:hasMember</a></td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-<!-- Property hasMember -->
-<div id="property--hasmember" class="section">
-<h4 id="org:hasMember"><span class="secno">5.3.2 </span>Property: hasMember</h4>
-<p>
- Indicates a person who is a member of the subject Organization.
-Inverse of <a href="#org:memberOf">org:memberOf</a>, see that property for further clarification.
-</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#hasMember">org:hasMember</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Range:</td><td><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent">foaf:Agent</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Equivalent property:</td><td><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/member">foaf:member</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">inverseOf:</td><td><a href="#org:memberOf">org:memberOf</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Usage note:</td><td>
- Provided for compatibility with <a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_member">foaf:member</a>.
-</td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-<!-- Property headOf -->
-<div id="property--headof" class="section">
-<h4 id="org:headOf"><span class="secno">5.3.3 </span>Property: headOf</h4>
-<p>
- Indicates that a person (or other agent) is the leader or formal
-head of the Organization.
-</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#headOf">org:headOf</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent">foaf:Agent</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Range:</td><td><a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">subPropertyOf:</td><td><a href="#org:memberOf">org:memberOf</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Usage note:</td><td>
- This will normally mean that they are the root
- of the <a href="#org:reportsTo">org:reportsTo</a> (acyclic) graph, though an organization may have more than one head.
-</td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-<!-- Class Membership -->
-<div id="class--membership" class="section">
-<h4 id="org:Membership"><span class="secno">5.3.4 </span>Class: Membership</h4>
-<p>
-Indicates the nature of an Agent's membership of an organization.
-</p>
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDFS Class:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#Membership">org:Membership</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
- <!--tr><td class="prop">subClassOf:</td><td> <a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a></td></tr-->
- <tr><td class="prop">Usage note:</td><td>
-
- Represents an n-ary relationship between an Agent, an Organization and a
-Role. It is possible to directly indicate membership, independent of the
- specific Role, through use of the <a href="#org:memberOf">org:memberOf</a> property.
-</td></tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-
-
-<!-- Property member -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:member">Property: member</h5>
-<p>
- Indicates the Person (or other Agent including Organization) involved in the Membership relationship.
-</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#member">org:member</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
-
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><a href="#org:Membership">org:Membership</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Range:</td><td><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent">foaf:Agent</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Usage note:</td><td>
- Inverse of <a href="#org:hasMembership">org:hasMembership</a>
-</td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<!-- Property organization -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:organization">Property: organization</h5>
-<p>
- Indicates the organization in which the Agent is a member.
-</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#organization">org:organization</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
-
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><a href="#org:Membership">org:Membership</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Range:</td><td><a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a></td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-<!-- Property role -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:role">Property: role</h5>
-<p>
- Indicates the Role that the Agent plays in a Membership
- relationship with an Organization. Can also be used on
- a <a href="#org:Post">org:Post</a> to indicate the role that any holder
- of the Post plays.
-</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#role">org:role</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
-
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><code>owl:unionOf</code>(<a href="#org:Membership">org:Membership</a> <a href="#org:Post">org:Post</a>)</td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Range:</td><td><a href="#org:Role">org:Role</a></td></tr>
-
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-<!-- Property hasMembership -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:hasMembership">Property: hasMembership</h5>
-<p>
- Indicates a membership relationship that the Agent plays.
-</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#hasMembership">org:hasMembership</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
-
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent">foaf:Agent</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Range:</td><td><a href="#org:Membership">org:Membership</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Usage note:</td><td>
- Inverse of <a href="#org:member">org:member</a>.
-</td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-<!-- Property memberDuring -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:memberDuring">Property: memberDuring</h5>
-<p>
- Optional property to indicate the interval for which the membership is/was valid.
-</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#memberDuring">org:memberDuring</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
-
-
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><a href="#org:Membership">org:Membership</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Range:</td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/2006/time#Interval">time:Interval</a></td></tr>
-
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-</div> <!-- end of Class Membership-->
-
-<!-- Class Role -->
-<div id="class--role" class="section">
-<h4 id="org:Role"><span class="secno">5.3.5 </span>Class: Role</h4>
-<p>
-Denotes a role that a Person or other Agent can take in an
-organization. Instances of this class describe the abstract role; to
-denote a specific instance of a person playing that role in a specific
-organization use an instance of <a href="#org:Membership">org:Membership</a>.
-</p>
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDFS Class:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#Role">org:Role</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr><td class="prop">subClassOf:</td><td> <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept">skos:Concept</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Usage note:</td><td>
-It is
-common for roles to be arranged in some taxonomic structure and we use
-SKOS to represent that. The normal SKOS lexical properties should be
-used when labelling the Role. Additional descriptive properties for the
-Role, such as a Salary band, may be added by extension vocabularies.
-</td></tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-
-<!-- Property roleProperty -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:roleProperty">Property: roleProperty</h5>
-<p>
- This is a metalevel property which is used to annotate a <a href="#org:Role">org:Role</a> instance with a sub-property of <a href="#org:memberOf">org:memberOf</a>
- that can be used to directly indicate the role for ease of query.
-</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#roleProperty">org:roleProperty</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
-
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><a href="#org:Role">org:Role</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Range:</td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property">rdf:Property</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Usage note:</td><td>
- The
-intended semantics is that a Membership relation involving the Role implies
-the existence of a direct property relationship through an inference
-rule of the form: <code>{ [] org:member ?a; org:organization ?o; org:role [org:roleProperty ?r] } -> {?a ?r ?o}</code>
-</td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-<!-- Property remuneration -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:remuneration">Property: remuneration</h5>
-<p>
- Indicates a salary or other reward associated with the role.
-</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#remuneration">org:remuneration </a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><a href="#org:Role">org:Role</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Usage note:</td><td>
- Typically this will be denoted using an existing representation scheme
-such as <a href="http://www.heppnetz.de/ontologies/goodrelations/v1.html#PriceSpecification">gr:PriceSpecification</a> but the range is left open to allow applications to specialize it (e.g. to remunerationInGBP).
-</td></tr>
-
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-</div> <!-- end of Class Role-->
-
-
-<!-- Class Post -->
-<div id="class--post" class="section">
-<h4 id="org:Post"><span class="secno">5.3.6 </span>Class: Post</h4>
-<p>
-A Post represents some position within an organization that
- exists independently of the person or persons filling it. Posts
- may be used to represent situations where a person is a member
- of an organization ex officio (for example the Secretary of
- State for Scotland is part of UK Cabinet by virtue of being
- Secretary of State for Scotland, not as an individual person). A
- post can be held by multiple people and hence can be treated as
- a organization in its own right.
-</p>
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDFS Class:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#Post">org:Post</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr><td class="prop">subClassOf:</td><td> <a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a></td></tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-
-<!-- Property holds -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:holds">Property: holds</h5>
-<p>Indicates a Post held by some Agent.</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#holds">org:holds</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td> <a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent">foaf:Agent</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Range:</td><td><a href="#org:Post">org:Post</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">subPropertyOf:</td><td> <a href="#org:memberOf">org:memberOf</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Usage note:</td><td>
- Inverse of <a href="#org:heldBy">org:heldBy</a>.
-</td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-<!-- Property heldBy -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:heldBy">Property: heldBy</h5>
-<p>Indicates an Agent which holds a Post.</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#heldBy">org:heldBy</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><a href="#org:Post">org:Post</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Range:</td><td> <a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent">foaf:Agent</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">subPropertyOf:</td><td> <a href="#org:hasMember">org:hasMember</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Usage note:</td><td>
- Inverse of <a href="#org:holds">org:holds</a>.
-</td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-<!-- Property postIn -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:postIn">Property: postIn</h5>
-<p>Indicates the Organization in which the Post exists.</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#postIn">org:postIn</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><a href="#org:Post">org:Post</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Range:</td><td><a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Usage note:</td><td>
- Inverse of <a href="#org:hasPost">org:hasPost</a>.
-</td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-<!-- Property hasPost -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:hasPost">Property: hasPost</h5>
-<p>Indicates a Post which exists within the Organization.</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#hasPost">org:hasPost</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Range:</td><td><a href="#org:Post">org:Post</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Usage note:</td><td>
- Inverse of <a href="#org:postIn">org:postIn</a>.
-</td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-</div> <!-- end of Class Post -->
-
-<!-- Property reportsTo -->
-<div id="property--reportsto" class="section">
-<h4 id="org:reportsTo"><span class="secno">5.3.7 </span>Property: reportsTo</h4>
-<p>
- Indicates a reporting relationship as might be depicted on an
-organizational chart. It can be used to indicate a reporting
- relationship directly between Agents or between Posts that
- Agents could hold.
-</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#reportsTo">org:reportsTo</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><code>owl:unionOf</code>(<a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent">foaf:Agent</a>
- <a href="#org:Post">org:Post</a>) </td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Range:</td><td><code>owl:unionOf</code>(<a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent">foaf:Agent</a>
- <a href="#org:Post">org:Post</a>) </td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Usage note:</td><td>
- The precise semantics of the reporting
-relationship will vary by organization but is intended to encompass both
- direct supervisory relationships (e.g. carrying objective and salary
-setting authority) and more general reporting or accountability
-relationships (e.g. so called <em>dotted line</em> reporting).
-</td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-
-</div> <!-- end of Membership, roles, posts and reporting -->
-
-
-<!-- LOCATION -->
-<div id="location" class="section">
-<h3><span class="secno">5.4 </span>Location</h3>
-
-
-<!-- Class Site -->
-<div id="class--site" class="section">
-<h4 id="org:Site"><span class="secno">5.4.1 </span>Class: Site</h4>
-<p>
-An office or other premise at which the organization is located.
-Many organizations are spread across multiple sites and many sites will
-host multiple locations.
-</p>
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDFS Class:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#Site">org:Site</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
-
- <tr><td class="prop">Usage note:</td><td>
- In most cases a Site will be a physical
-location. However, we don't exclude the possibility of non-physical
-sites such as a virtual office with an associated post box and phone
-reception service. Extensions may provide sub-classes to denote
-particular types of site.
-</td></tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-
-<!-- Property siteAddress -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:siteAddress">Property: siteAddress</h5>
-<p>
- Indicates a VCard [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-VCARD">VCARD</a></cite>] for the site. This can include email, telephone, and
-geo-location details as well as an address.
-</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#siteAddress">org:siteAddress</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
-
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><a href="#org:Site">org:Site</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Range:</td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#VCard">vcard:VCard</a></td></tr>
-
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-<!-- Property hasSite -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:hasSite">Property: hasSite</h5>
-<p>
- Indicates a site at which the Organization has some presence even if
- only indirect (e.g. virtual office or a professional service which is
-acting as the registered address for a company).
-</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#hasSite">org:hasSite</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
-
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Range:</td><td><a href="#org:Site">org:Site</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">inverseOf:</td><td><a href="#org:siteOf">org:siteOf</a></td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-<!-- Property siteOf -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:siteOf">Property: siteOf</h5>
-<p>
- Indicates an Organization which has some presence at the given site.
-</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#siteOf">org:siteOf</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
-
-
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><a href="#org:Site">org:Site</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Range:</td><td><a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">inverseOf:</td><td><a href="#org:hasSite">org:hasSite</a></td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-<!-- Property hasPrimarySite -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:hasPrimarySite">Property: hasPrimarySite</h5>
-<p>
- Indicates a primary site for the Organization, this is the default
-means by which an Organization can be contacted and is not necessarily
-the formal headquarters.
-</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#hasPrimarySite">org:hasPrimarySite</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
-
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Range:</td><td><a href="#org:Site">org:Site</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">subPropertyOf:</td><td><a href="#org:hasSite">org:hasSite</a></td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-
-<!-- Property hasRegisteredSite -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:hasRegisteredSite">Property: hasRegisteredSite</h5>
-<p>
- Indicates the legally registered site for the organization, in many
-legal jurisdictions there is a requirement that FormalOrganizations such
- as Companies or Charities have such a primary designed site.
-</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#hasRegisteredSite">org:hasRegisteredSite</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
-
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Range:</td><td><a href="#org:Site">org:Site</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">subPropertyOf:</td><td><a href="#org:hasPrimarySite">org:hasPrimarySite</a></td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-<!-- Property basedAt -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:basedAt">Property: basedAt</h5>
-<p>
- Indicates the site at which a person is based. We do not restrict the possibility that a person is based at multiple sites.
-</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#basedAt">org:basedAt</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
-
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person">foaf:Person</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Range:</td><td><a href="#org:Site">org:Site</a></td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-</div> <!-- end of Class Site-->
-
-
-<!-- Property location -->
-<div id="property--location" class="section">
-<h4 id="org:location"><span class="secno">5.4.2 </span>Property: location</h4>
-<p>
- Gives a location description for a person within the organization, for example a <em>Mail Stop</em> for internal posting purposes.
-</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#location">org:location</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
-
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person">foaf:Person</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Range:</td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#String">xsd:string</a></td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-</div> <!-- End of LOCATION section -->
-
-
-<!-- Projects and other activities -->
-<div id="projects-and-other-activities" class="section">
-<h3><span class="secno">5.5 </span>Projects and other activities</h3>
-<!-- Class OrganizationalCollaboration -->
-<div id="class--organizationalcollaboration" class="section">
- <h4 id="org:OrganizationalCollaboration"><span class="secno">5.5.1 </span>Class: OrganizationalCollaboration</h4>
- <p>
- A collaboration between two or more Organizations such as a project.
- It meets the criteria for being an Organization in that it has an
- identity and defining purpose independent of its particular members but
- is neither a formally recognized legal entity nor a sub-unit within some
- larger organization. Might typically have a shorter lifetime than the
- Organizations within it, but not necessarily.
- </p>
- <table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDFS Class:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#OrganizationalCollaboration">org:OrganizationalCollaboration</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr><td class="prop">subClassOf:</td><td><a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Usage note:</td><td>
- All members are <a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a>s rather than individuals and those Organizations can play particular roles within the venture. Alternative names: <em>Project</em>, <em>Venture</em>, <em>Endeavour</em>, <em>Consortium</em>
- </td></tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
-</div> <!-- End of OrganizationalCollaboration class -->
-
-</div> <!-- End of Projects and other activities -->
-
-
-<!-- Historical information -->
-<div id="historical-information" class="section">
-<h3><span class="secno">5.6 </span>Historical information</h3>
-
-<!-- Class ChangeEvent -->
-<div id="class--changeevent" class="section">
-<h4 id="org:ChangeEvent"><span class="secno">5.6.1 </span>Class: ChangeEvent</h4>
-<p>
-Represents an event which resulted in a major change to an
-organization such as a merger or complete restructuring. It is intended
-for situations where the resulting organization is sufficiently distinct
-from the original organizations that it has a distinct identity and
-distinct URI.
-</p>
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDFS Class:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#ChangeEvent">org:ChangeEvent</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr><td class="prop">subClassOf:</td><td> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/#Activity">prov:Activity</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Usage note:</td><td>
-Extension vocabularies should define sub-classes of this
-to denote particular categories of event. The time period over which
-the event occurred should be expressed using
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/#startedAtTime">prov:startedAtTime</a>
-and
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/#endedAtTime">prov:endedAtTime</a>.
-A textual description of the event may be given by <a href="http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/#terms-description">dct:description</a>.
-</td></tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-
-<!-- Property originalOrganization -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:originalOrganization">Property: originalOrganization</h5>
-<p>
- Indicates one or more organizations that existed before the change
-event. Depending on the event they may or may not have continued to
-exist after the event.
-</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#originalOrganization">org:originalOrganization</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
-
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><a href="#org:ChangeEvent">org:ChangeEvent</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Range:</td><td><a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">inverseOf:</td><td><a href="#org:changedBy">org:changedBy</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">subpropertyOf:</td><td><a href="#org:changedBy">prov:used</a></td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-<!-- Property changedBy -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:changedBy">Property: changedBy</h5>
-<p>
-Indicates a change event which resulted in a change to this
-organization.
-</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#changedBy">org:changedBy</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
-
-
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Range:</td><td><a href="#org:ChangeEvent">org:ChangeEvent</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">inverseOf:</td><td><a href="#org:originalOrganization">org:originalOrganization</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Usage note:</td><td>
- Depending on the event the organization may or may not
-have continued to exist after the event.
-</td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-<!-- Property resultedFrom -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:resultedFrom">Property: resultedFrom</h5>
-<p>
-Indicates an event which resulted in (led to, generated) this
-organization.
-</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#resultedFrom">org:resultedFrom</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
-
-
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Range:</td><td><a href="#org:ChangeEvent">org:ChangeEvent</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">subpropertyOf:</td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/#wasGeneratedBy">prov:wasGeneratedBy</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">inverseOf:</td><td><a href="#org:resultingOrganization">org:resultingOrganization</a></td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-<!-- Property resultingOrganization -->
-<div class="section">
-<h5 id="org:resultingOrganization">Property: resultingOrganization</h5>
-<p>
-Indicates an organization which was created or changed as a result of the event.
-</p>
-
-<table class="definition">
- <thead><tr><th>RDF Property:</th><th><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#resultingOrganization">org:resultingOrganization</a></th></tr></thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr><td class="prop">Domain:</td><td><a href="#org:ChangeEvent">org:ChangeEvent</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">Range:</td><td><a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a></td></tr>
- <tr><td class="prop">inverseOf:</td><td><a href="#org:resultedFrom">org:resultedFrom</a></td></tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-</div> <!-- end of Class Role-->
-
-</div> <!-- end of Section Historical-->
-
-</div> <!-- end of ontology reference section -->
-
-<!-- ACK -->
-<div class="appendix section" id="change-history">
-
-<!-- Change history -->
-
-<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">A. </span>Change history</h2>
-<p>Changes since <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-vocab-org-20120405/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Working Draft 05 April 2012</a>:
-
-</p><ul>
- <li>Modified <a href="#org:ChangeEvent">org:ChangeEvent</a>, <a href="#org:originalOrganization">org:originalOrganization</a> and
-<a href="#org:resultedFrom">org:resultedFrom</a> to extend the PROV-O
-vocabulary instead of OPMV.</li>
- <li>Added <a href="#org:Post">org:Post</a> and associated properties.</li>
- <li>Corrected description of <a href="#org:hasSubOrganiation">org:hasSubOrganiation</a>
- and <a href="#org:subOrganizationOf">org:subOrganizationOf</a>.</li>
- <li>Corrected domain of <a href="#org:remuneration">org:remuneration</a> to match ontology.</li>
- <li>Corrected domain/range of <a href="#org:hasMember">org:hasMember</a> to match ontology.</li>
- <li>Added missing entry for <a href="#org:memberOf">org:memberOf</a> to match
- ontology.</li>
- <li>Rephrasing and restructuring throughout the document to improve clarity.</li>
-</ul>
-
-
-<p>Changes since previous version 0.3 <a href="http://www.epimorphics.com/public/vocabulary/org-20100609.html">2010-06-09</a>:</p>
-<ul>
- <li>Added <a href="#org:identifier">org:identifier</a> to support generic use of organization identifier schemes, including local and national schemes.</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>Changes since previous version 0.2 <a href="http://www.epimorphics.com/public/vocabulary/org-20100607.html">2010-06-07</a>:</p>
-<ul>
- <li>Added <a href="#org:changedBy">org:changedBy</a> and <a href="#org:resultingOrganization">org:resultingOrganization</a> as inverses to
- the OMPV compatible properties and added a note on use of inverses.</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>Changes since previous version 0.1 <a href="http://www.epimorphics.com/public/vocabulary/org-20100528.html">2010-05-28</a>:</p>
-<ul>
- <li>Rephrased the introduction to clarify scoping of the ontology.</li>
- <li>Made <a href="#org:Organization">org:Organization</a> equivalent to <code>foaf:Organization</code> following clarifying discussions with Dan Brickley.</li>
- <li>Added <a href="#org:hasMember">org:hasMember</a> as an inverse of <a href="#org:memberOf">org:memberOf</a> in order to be able to declare the equivalent to <code>foaf:member</code>, thanks to Dan Brickley for the suggestion.</li>
- <li>Made <a href="#org:unitOf">org:unitOf</a>/<a href="#org:hasUnit">org:hasUnit</a> sub properties of <a href="#org:subOrganizationOf">org:subOrganizationOf</a>/<a href="#org:hasSubOrganization">org:hasSubOrganization</a>, thanks to Dave Challis for prompting this clarification.
- </li><li>Added <a href="#org:transitiveSubOrganizationOf">org:transitiveSubOrganizationOf</a>, thanks to Damian Steer for the suggestion.</li>
- <li>Fixed range statements for <a href="#org:role">org:role</a> and <a href="#org:organization">org:organization</a> to correspond to the documentation and intent, thanks to Bernard Vatant for spotting that problem.</li>
- <li>Modified description of <a href="#org:memberOf">org:memberOf</a> to clarify that the notion of membership is very broad and not meant to be limited to formal notions of membership.</li>
- <li>Clarified the description of <a href="#org:FormalOrganization">org:FormalOrganization</a>.
- </li><li>Fixed bug in restriction definition for <a href="#org:OrganizationalCollaboration">org:OrganizationalCollaboration</a>, thanks to Start Williams for point out the problem.</li>
- <li>Reversed <a href="#org:resultingOrganization">org:resultingOrganization</a> to <a href="#org:resultedFrom">org:resultedFrom</a> for compatibility with OPMV, thanks to Jeni Tennison for pointing out the problem.</li>
- <li>Changed labels for has* properties to read as nouns, leaving URIs unchanged.</li>
- <li>Added <code>rdfs:isDefinedBy</code> declarations, thanks to Kingsley Idehen for pointing out the lack of those.</li>
- <li>Clarified license terms, thanks to Dan Brickley for pointing out the lack.</li>
-</ul>
-
-</div>
-<div class="appendix section" id="acknowledgements">
-<!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">B. </span>Acknowledgements</h2>
-<p>This ontology was originally developed for use by data.gov.uk as part of the UK Linked Data Kernel project
-under the leadership and guidance of John Sheridan (The National Archives).
-Jeni Tennison provided immensely useful feedback and suggestions on the first draft,
-which greatly improved its design. The work also took inspiration from a
-number of other ontologies, particularly the thoughtfully designed
-<a href="http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/ontology/organisation.owl">Gazette Organization ontology</a>
-and <a href="http://proton.semanticweb.org/">Proton-top</a>.
-</p>
-<p>
-The editor gratefully acknowledges comments and support from the
-Government Linked Data Working Group - particularly to Daniel Vila for
-transcribing the original documentation into <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> format and to Bart
-van Leeuwen for feedback and discussions that resulted in the addition
-of <code>org:Post</code>. </p>
-
-<p>The modelling of <code>org:Post</code> is
-closely based on the work of Jeni Tennison on modelling UK Government.
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-
-<div id="references" class="appendix section"><!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">C. </span>References</h2><div id="normative-references" class="section"><h3><span class="secno">C.1 </span>Normative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-OWL-TIME">[OWL-TIME]</dt><dd>Feng Pan; Jerry R. Hobbs. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-owl-time-20060927"><cite>Time Ontology in OWL.</cite></a> 27 September 2006. W3C Working Draft. (Work in progress.) URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-owl-time-20060927">http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-owl-time-20060927</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-OWL2-PRIMER">[OWL2-PRIMER]</dt><dd>Pascal Hitzler; Markus Krötzsch; Bijan Parsia; Peter F. Patel-Schneider; Sebastian Rudolph. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-primer-20091027/"><cite>OWL 2 Web Ontology Language:Primer.</cite></a> 27 October 2009. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-primer-20091027/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-primer-20091027/</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-O">[PROV-O]</dt><dd>Timothy Lebo, Satya Sahoo, Deborah McGuinness, <cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-o-20120724/">PROV-O: The PROV Ontology</a></cite>, W3C Working Draft 24 July 2012. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">[RDF-CONCEPTS]</dt><dd>Graham Klyne; Jeremy J. Carroll. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210"><cite>Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax.</cite></a> 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210">http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-RDF-SCHEMA">[RDF-SCHEMA]</dt><dd>Dan Brickley; Ramanathan V. Guha. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-schema-20040210"><cite>RDF Vocabulary Description Language 1.0: RDF Schema.</cite></a> 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-schema-20040210">http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-schema-20040210</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-RDF-SPARQL-QUERY">[RDF-SPARQL-QUERY]</dt><dd>Andy Seaborne; Eric Prud'hommeaux. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115"><cite>SPARQL Query Language for RDF.</cite></a> 15 January 2008. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115">http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-RFC2119">[RFC2119]</dt><dd>S. Bradner. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><cite>Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.</cite></a> March 1997. Internet RFC 2119. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-SKOS-REFERENCE">[SKOS-REFERENCE]</dt><dd>Sean Bechhofer; Alistair Miles. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-skos-reference-20090818/"><cite>SKOS Simple Knowledge Organization System Reference.</cite></a> 18 August 2009. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-skos-reference-20090818/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-skos-reference-20090818/</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-TURTLE">[TURTLE]</dt><dd>David Beckett, Tim Berners-Lee. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TeamSubmission/turtle/"><cite>Turtle: Terse RDF Triple Language.</cite></a> January 2008. W3C Team Submission. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TeamSubmission/turtle/">http://www.w3.org/TeamSubmission/turtle/</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-VCARD">[VCARD]</dt><dd>R. Iannella; et al. <cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/vcard-rdf/">Representing vCard Objects in RDF</a></cite>, January 2010. W3C Member Sumission 20 January 2010. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/Submission/2010/SUBM-vcard-rdf-20100120">http://www.w3.org/Submission/2010/SUBM-vcard-rdf-20100120</a>
-</dd></dl></div><div id="informative-references" class="section"><h3><span class="secno">C.2 </span>Informative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-DC11">[DC11]</dt><dd>Dublin Core metadata initiative. <a href="http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/"><cite>Dublin Core metadata element set, version 1.1.</cite></a> July 1999. Dublin Core recommendation. URL: <a href="http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/">http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-FOAF">[FOAF]</dt><dd>Dan Brickley, Libby Miller. <a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/"><cite>FOAF Vocabulary Specification 0.98.</cite></a> 9 August 2010. URL: <a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/">http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/</a>
-</dd><dt id="bib-GOOD-RELATIONS">[GOOD-RELATIONS]</dt><dd>Martin Hepp, <cite><a href="http://www.heppnetz.de/ontologies/goodrelations/v1.html">GoodRelations Language Reference</a></cite>, Version 1.0, 1 October 2011, URL: <a href="http://www.heppnetz.de/ontologies/goodrelations/v1.html">http://www.heppnetz.de/ontologies/goodrelations/v1.html</a>
-</dd></dl></div></div></body></html>