updated Overview.html
authorStian Soiland-Reyes <soiland-reyes@cs.manchester.ac.uk>
Fri, 21 Oct 2011 17:55:30 +0100
changeset 768 e4cb8a1054e0
parent 767 1b62bcdb41f3
child 769 803ab642645f
updated Overview.html
ontology/Overview.html
--- a/ontology/Overview.html	Fri Oct 21 17:54:26 2011 +0100
+++ b/ontology/Overview.html	Fri Oct 21 17:55:30 2011 +0100
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@
 pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_attribute { color: #006400; }
 
 </style><link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-WD" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" charset="utf-8" /></head>
-  <body style="display: inherit;"><div class="head"><p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img height="48" width="72" alt="W3C" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" /></a></p><h1 id="title" class="title">PROV Ontology Model</h1><h2 id="w3c-working-draft-20-october-2011">W3C Working Draft 20 October 2011</h2><dl><dt>This version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-o-20111020/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-o-20111020/</a></dd><dt>Latest published version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a></dd><dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-o-20111013/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-o-20111013/</a></dd><dt>Editors:</dt><dd><a href="http://cci.case.edu/cci/index.php/Satya_Sahoo">Satya Sahoo</a>, Case Western Reserve University, USA</dd>
+  <body style="display: inherit;"><div class="head"><p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img height="48" width="72" alt="W3C" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" /></a></p><h1 id="title" class="title">PROV Ontology Model</h1><h2 id="w3c-working-draft-21-october-2011">W3C Working Draft 21 October 2011</h2><dl><dt>This version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-o-20111021/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-o-20111021/</a></dd><dt>Latest published version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a></dd><dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-o-20111013/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-o-20111013/</a></dd><dt>Editors:</dt><dd><a href="http://cci.case.edu/cci/index.php/Satya_Sahoo">Satya Sahoo</a>, Case Western Reserve University, USA</dd>
 <dd><a href="http://tw.rpi.edu/instances/Deborah_L_McGuinness">Deborah McGuinness</a>, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA</dd>
 <dt>Authors:</dt><dd><a href="http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Khalid_Belhajjame">Khalid Belhajjame</a>, University of Manchester, UK</dd>
 <dd><a href="http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jcheney/">James Cheney</a>, University of Edinburgh, UK</dd>
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@
 Model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] in the OWL2 Web Ontology Language (OWL2). The PROV ontology consists of a set of classes, properties, and restrictions that can be used to represent provenance information. The PROV ontology is specialized to create domain-specific provenance ontologies that model the provenance information specific to different applications. The PROV ontology supports a set of entailments based on OWL2 formal semantics and provenance specific inference rules. The PROV ontology is available for download as a separate OWL2 document.</p>
 
    </div><div class="introductory section" id="sotd"><h2>Status of This Document</h2><p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/">W3C technical reports index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em></p>
-<p>This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/Main_Page">Provenance Working Group</a> as a First Public Working Draft. This document is intended to become a W3C Recommendation. If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to <a href="mailto:public-prov-wg@w3.org">public-prov-wg@w3.org</a> (<a href="mailto:public-prov-wg-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>, <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-wg/">archives</a>). All feedback is welcome.</p><p>Publication as a Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the W3C Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.</p><p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 W3C Patent Policy</a>. W3C maintains a <a rel="disclosure" href="">public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy</a>.</p></div><div id="toc" class="section"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-ontology" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>PROV Ontology</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#owl2-syntax-used-in-this-document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.1 </span>OWL2 Syntax Used in this Document</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#namespace-and-owl2-version" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.2 </span>Namespace and OWL2 version</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-ontology--owl-encoding-of-prov-data-model" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>PROV Ontology: Classes and Properties</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#classes" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1 </span>Classes</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#entity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.1 </span>Entity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#processexecution" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.2 </span>ProcessExecution</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#agent" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.3 </span>Agent</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#recipe" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.4 </span>Recipe</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#time" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.5 </span>TemporalEntity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#revision" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.6 </span>Revision</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenancecontainer" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.7 </span>ProvenanceContainer</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#modeling-provenancecontainer-and-account-as-rdf-graph" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.7.1 </span>Modeling ProvenanceContainer and Account as RDF Graph</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#location" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.8 </span>Location</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#entityinrole" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.9 </span>EntityInRole</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#object-properties" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2 </span>Object Properties</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#wasgeneratedby" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.1 </span>wasGeneratedBy</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#wasderivedfrom" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.2 </span>wasDerivedFrom</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#waseventuallyderivedfrom" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.2.1 </span>wasEventuallyDerivedFrom</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#dependedon" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.2.2 </span>dependedOn</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#used" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.3 </span>used</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#hadparticipant" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.4 </span>hadParticipant</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#wascomplementof" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.5 </span>wasComplementOf</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#wascontrolledby" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.6 </span>wasControlledBy</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#hadrecipe" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.7 </span>hadRecipe</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#wasinformedby" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.8 </span>wasInformedBy</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#wascheduledafter" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.9 </span>wasScheduledAfter</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#followed" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.10 </span>followed</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#hastemporalvalue" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.11 </span>hasTemporalValue</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#characteristics-of-object-properties" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Characteristics of Object Properties </a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#annotation-properties" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.4 </span>Annotation Properties</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#overview-of-the-ontology" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.5 </span>Overview of the ontology</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#data-model-properties-not-addressed-in-prov-ontology" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.6 </span>Data model properties not yet addressed in PROV-O</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#specializing-provenance-ontology-for-domain-specific-provenance-applications" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>Specializing Provenance Ontology for Domain-specific Provenance Applications</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#moeling-the-crime-file-scenario" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1 </span>Modeling the Crime File Scenario</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#specialization-of-prov-ontology-classes" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.1 </span>Specialization of PROV Ontology Classes</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#cf-journalist" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.1.1 </span>cf:Journalist</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#cf-crimefile" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.1.2 </span>cf:CrimeFile</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#cf-filecreation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.1.3 </span>cf:FileCreation, cf:FileEditing, cf:FileAppending, cf:Emailing, cf:SpellChecking</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#specialization-of-prov-ontology-properties" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.2 </span>Specialization of PROV Ontology Properties</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#cf-hadfilepath" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.2.1 </span>cf:hadFilePath</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#modeling-an-example-scientific-workflow-scenario" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2 </span>Modeling an Example Scientific Workflow Scenario</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#workflow-extensions-to-prov-classes" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.1 </span>Workflow extensions to PROV classes</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#workflow-extensions-to-prov-properties" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.2 </span>Workflow extensions to PROV properties</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#workflow-structure" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.3 </span>Workflow structure</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#example-workflow" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.4 </span>Example workflow</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#example-workflow-run" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.5 </span>Example workflow run</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#formal-semantics-of-the-prov-ontology" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span>Formal Semantics of the PROV Ontology</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#rdf-semantics-for-prov-ontology" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.1 </span>RDF Semantics for PROV Ontology</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#owl2-semantics-for-prov-ontology" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.2 </span>OWL2 Semantics for PROV Ontology</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#entailments-supported-by-the-provenance-model" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3 </span>Provenance-specific Entailments Supported by PROV Ontology</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-processexecution" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.1 </span>Provenance constraint on ProcessExecution</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-wasgeneratedby-generation-affects-attributes" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.2 </span>Provenance constraint on wasGeneratedBy (generation-affects-attributes)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-wasgeneratedby-generation-pe-ordering" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.3 </span>Provenance constraint on wasGeneratedBy (generation-pe-ordering)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-wasgeneratedby-generation-unicity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.4 </span>Provenance constraint on wasGeneratedBy (generation-unicity)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-used-use-attributes" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.5 </span>Provenance constraint on Used (use-attributes)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-used-pe-ordering" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.6 </span>Provenance constraint on Used (use-pe-ordering)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-derivation-attributes" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.7 </span>Provenance constraint on wasDerivedFrom (derivation-attributes)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-derivation-use-generation-ordering" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.8 </span>Provenance constraint on wasDerivedFrom (derivation-use-generation-ordering)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-derivation-events" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.9 </span>Provenance constraint on wasDerivedFrom (derivation-events)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-derivation-process-execution" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.10 </span>Provenance constraint on wasDerivedFrom (derivation-events)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-derivation-use" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.11 </span>Provenance constraint on wasDerivedFrom (derivation-use)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-derivation-generation-generation-ordering" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.12 </span>Provenance constraint on wasEventuallyDerivedFrom (derivation-generation-generation-ordering)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-derivation-linked-independent" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.13 </span>Provenance constraint on wasEventuallyDerivedFrom (derivation-linked-independent)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-complementof-necessary-cond" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.14 </span>Provenance constraint on wasComplementOf (wasComplementOf-necessary-cond)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-hasParticipant-participant" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.15 </span>Provenance constraint on hadParticipant (participant)</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A. </span>Acknowledgements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B. </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B.1 </span>Normative references</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B.2 </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<p>This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/Main_Page">Provenance Working Group</a> as a First Public Working Draft. This document is intended to become a W3C Recommendation. If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to <a href="mailto:public-prov-wg@w3.org">public-prov-wg@w3.org</a> (<a href="mailto:public-prov-wg-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>, <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-wg/">archives</a>). All feedback is welcome.</p><p>Publication as a Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the W3C Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.</p><p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 W3C Patent Policy</a>. W3C maintains a <a rel="disclosure" href="">public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy</a>.</p></div><div id="toc" class="section"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-ontology" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>PROV Ontology</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#owl2-syntax-used-in-this-document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.1 </span>OWL2 Syntax Used in this Document</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#namespace-and-owl2-version" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.2 </span>Namespace and OWL2 version</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-ontology--owl-encoding-of-prov-data-model" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>PROV Ontology: Classes and Properties</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#classes" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1 </span>Classes</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#entity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.1 </span>Entity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#processexecution" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.2 </span>ProcessExecution</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#agent" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.3 </span>Agent</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#recipe" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.4 </span>Recipe</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#time" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.5 </span>TemporalEntity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#time" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.6 </span>Time</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#revision" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.7 </span>Revision</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenancecontainer" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.8 </span>ProvenanceContainer</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#modeling-provenancecontainer-and-account-as-rdf-graph" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.8.1 </span>Modeling ProvenanceContainer and Account as RDF Graph</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#location" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.9 </span>Location</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#entityinrole" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1.10 </span>EntityInRole</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#object-properties" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2 </span>Object Properties</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#wasgeneratedby" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.1 </span>wasGeneratedBy</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#wasderivedfrom" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.2 </span>wasDerivedFrom</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#waseventuallyderivedfrom" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.2.1 </span>wasEventuallyDerivedFrom</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#dependedon" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.2.2 </span>dependedOn</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#used" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.3 </span>used</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#hadparticipant" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.4 </span>hadParticipant</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#wascomplementof" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.5 </span>wasComplementOf</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#wascontrolledby" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.6 </span>wasControlledBy</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#hadrecipe" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.7 </span>hadRecipe</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#wasinformedby" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.8 </span>wasInformedBy</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#wascheduledafter" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.9 </span>wasScheduledAfter</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#followed" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.10 </span>followed</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#hastemporalvalue" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.11 </span>hasTemporalValue</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#startedAt" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.12 </span>startedAt</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#endedAt" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.13 </span>endedAt</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#wasGeneratedAt" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.14 </span>wasGeneratedAt</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#wasAssumedBy" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.15 </span>wasAssumedBy</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#assumedRole" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.16 </span>assumedRole</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#assumedRoleAt" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2.17 </span>assumedRoleAt</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#characteristics-of-object-properties" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Characteristics of Object Properties </a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#annotation-properties" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.4 </span>Annotation Properties</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#overview-of-the-ontology" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.5 </span>Overview of the ontology</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#data-model-properties-not-addressed-in-prov-ontology" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.6 </span>Data model properties not yet addressed in PROV-O</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#specializing-provenance-ontology-for-domain-specific-provenance-applications" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>Specializing Provenance Ontology for Domain-specific Provenance Applications</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#moeling-the-crime-file-scenario" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1 </span>Modeling the Crime File Scenario</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#specialization-of-prov-ontology-classes" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.1 </span>Specialization of PROV Ontology Classes</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#cf-journalist" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.1.1 </span>cf:Journalist</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#cf-crimefile" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.1.2 </span>cf:CrimeFile</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#cf-filecreation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.1.3 </span>cf:FileCreation, cf:FileEditing, cf:FileAppending, cf:Emailing, cf:SpellChecking</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#specialization-of-prov-ontology-properties" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.2 </span>Specialization of PROV Ontology Properties</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#cf-hadfilepath" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1.2.1 </span>cf:hadFilePath</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#modeling-an-example-scientific-workflow-scenario" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2 </span>Modeling an Example Scientific Workflow Scenario</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#workflow-extensions-to-prov-classes" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.1 </span>Workflow extensions to PROV classes</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#workflow-extensions-to-prov-properties" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.2 </span>Workflow extensions to PROV properties</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#workflow-structure" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.3 </span>Workflow structure</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#example-workflow" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.4 </span>Example workflow</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#example-workflow-run" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2.5 </span>Example workflow run</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#formal-semantics-of-the-prov-ontology" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span>Formal Semantics of the PROV Ontology</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#rdf-semantics-for-prov-ontology" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.1 </span>RDF Semantics for PROV Ontology</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#owl2-semantics-for-prov-ontology" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.2 </span>OWL2 Semantics for PROV Ontology</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#entailments-supported-by-the-provenance-model" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3 </span>Provenance-specific Entailments Supported by PROV Ontology</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-processexecution" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.1 </span>Provenance constraint on ProcessExecution</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-wasgeneratedby-generation-affects-attributes" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.2 </span>Provenance constraint on wasGeneratedBy (generation-affects-attributes)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-wasgeneratedby-generation-pe-ordering" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.3 </span>Provenance constraint on wasGeneratedBy (generation-pe-ordering)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-wasgeneratedby-generation-unicity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.4 </span>Provenance constraint on wasGeneratedBy (generation-unicity)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-used-use-attributes" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.5 </span>Provenance constraint on Used (use-attributes)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-used-pe-ordering" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.6 </span>Provenance constraint on Used (use-pe-ordering)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-derivation-attributes" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.7 </span>Provenance constraint on wasDerivedFrom (derivation-attributes)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-derivation-use-generation-ordering" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.8 </span>Provenance constraint on wasDerivedFrom (derivation-use-generation-ordering)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-derivation-events" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.9 </span>Provenance constraint on wasDerivedFrom (derivation-events)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-derivation-process-execution" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.10 </span>Provenance constraint on wasDerivedFrom (derivation-events)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-derivation-use" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.11 </span>Provenance constraint on wasDerivedFrom (derivation-use)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-derivation-generation-generation-ordering" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.12 </span>Provenance constraint on wasEventuallyDerivedFrom (derivation-generation-generation-ordering)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-derivation-linked-independent" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.13 </span>Provenance constraint on wasEventuallyDerivedFrom (derivation-linked-independent)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-complementof-necessary-cond" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.14 </span>Provenance constraint on wasComplementOf (wasComplementOf-necessary-cond)</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#provenance-constraint-on-hasParticipant-participant" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.15 </span>Provenance constraint on hadParticipant (participant)</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A. </span>Acknowledgements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B. </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B.1 </span>Normative references</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B.2 </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
    
 
  
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@
         <div class="issue">
         It has been suggested that [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] and PROV-O should instead use 
         the namespace <code>http://www.w3.org/ns/prov/</code> for terms that are
-        common in both models. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/90">PROV-ISSUE-90</a>
+        common in both models. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/90">ISSUE-90</a>
         </div>
 	  </div>
 	</div> 
@@ -615,7 +615,8 @@
   &lt;rdf:type rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o/Entity&quot;/&gt;
   &lt;rdf:type rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.example.com/crime#CrimeFile&quot;/&gt;
   &lt;cf:hasLocation rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.example.com/crimeFile#sharedDirectoryLocation1&quot;/&gt;
-  &lt;cf:hasFileContent rdf:datatype=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string&quot;&gt;There was a lot of crime in London last month.&lt;/cf:hasFileContent&gt;                 
+  &lt;cf:hasFileContent rdf:datatype=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string&quot;&gt;There 
+    was a lot of crime in London last month.&lt;/cf:hasFileContent&gt;                 
 &lt;/rdf:Description&gt;</pre>
 		  </div>		
 
@@ -689,10 +690,21 @@
 		  </div>
 	    </div>
 
+		<div id="time" class="section">
+		  <h4><span class="secno">2.1.6 </span>Time</h4>	    
+	      <div><b>Class Description</b></div>
+	      <p><code>Time</code> is subclass of <code>time:Instant</code>
+          from [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-OWL-TIME">OWL-TIME</a></cite>] which requires that the time is defined 
+          using the <code>time:inXSDDateTime</code> property. This
+          class used with <code>startedAt</code> and other subproperties
+          of <code>hasTemporalValue</code> ensures compatibility with <code>xsd:dateTime</code> literals
+          expressions in [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] ASN and other serialisations. 
+          c</p> 
+		</div>
 
 
 		<div id="revision" class="section">
-		  <h4><span class="secno">2.1.6 </span>Revision</h4>	    
+		  <h4><span class="secno">2.1.7 </span>Revision</h4>	    
 	      <div><b>Class Description</b></div>
 	      <p>Revision is defined as a modified version of a Entity.</p> 
 		  <div><b>OWL syntax</b></div>
@@ -702,7 +714,7 @@
 
 
 		<div id="provenancecontainer" class="section">
-		  <h4><span class="secno">2.1.7 </span>ProvenanceContainer</h4>	    
+		  <h4><span class="secno">2.1.8 </span>ProvenanceContainer</h4>	    
 	      <div><b>Class Description</b></div>
 	      <p>ProvenanceContainer is defined to be an aggregation of provenance assertions. A provenance container should have an URI associated with it. The ProvenanceContainer class can also be used to model the PROV-DM concept of <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/ProvenanceModel.html#expression-Account">Account</a>.</p>
 		  <div><b>OWL syntax</b></div>
@@ -711,9 +723,10 @@
 				 
 		  <div class="note"> According to the definitions of ProvenanceContainer and Account, both contain a set of provenance assertions and have an identifier. Hence, ProvenanceContainer class can also be used to create instances of accounts.
 		  </div>
-		  <div class="issue">Scope and Identifiers. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/81">ISSUE-81</a>.</div>
+		  <div class="issue">Scope and Identifiers. 
+          This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/81">ISSUE-81</a>.</div>
 		<div id="modeling-provenancecontainer-and-account-as-rdf-graph" class="section">
-			<h5><span class="secno">2.1.7.1 </span>Modeling ProvenanceContainer and Account as RDF Graph</h5>
+			<h5><span class="secno">2.1.8.1 </span>Modeling ProvenanceContainer and Account as RDF Graph</h5>
 			<p>Placeholder for Tim's description</p>
 		</div>
 	    </div>
@@ -721,7 +734,7 @@
 
 
 		<div id="location" class="section">
-		  <h4><span class="secno">2.1.8 </span>Location</h4>
+		  <h4><span class="secno">2.1.9 </span>Location</h4>
 		  <div><b>Class Description</b></div>
 	      <p>Location is defined to be &quot;is an identifiable geographic place (ISO 19112).&quot; [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>]</p>
 	      <div><b>OWL syntax</b></div>
@@ -741,7 +754,7 @@
 
 
 		<div id="entityinrole" class="section">
-		  <h4><span class="secno">2.1.9 </span>EntityInRole</h4>	    
+		  <h4><span class="secno">2.1.10 </span>EntityInRole</h4>	    
 		  <div><b>Class Description</b></div>
 	      <p>EntityInRole is defined to be a &quot;realizable entity&quot; (cite?) &quot;assumed by a Entity or an agent.&quot; [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>]</p>
 		  <div><b>OWL syntax</b></div>
@@ -749,19 +762,35 @@
 		  <div><b>Example</b></div>
 		  <p> Example of instances of class EntityInRole from the <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/ProvenanceModel.html#a-file-scenario"> provenance scenario </a> are <i>author</i> role assumed by Bob and <i>file creator</i> role assumed by Alice. The RDF/XML syntax for asserting that Bob assumes the role of an author is given below.		
 		  </p><div class="exampleOuter">
-			<pre class="example">&lt;rdf:Description rdf:about=&quot;http://www.example.com/crimeFile#AliceAsAuthor&quot;&gt;
+			<pre class="example">&lt;rdf:Description rdf:about=&quot;http://www.example.com/crimeFile#BobAsAuthor&quot;&gt;
     &lt;rdf:type rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o/EntityInRole&quot;/&gt;
-    &lt;prov:assumedBy rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.example.com/crimeFile#Alice&quot;/&gt;
+    &lt;prov:wasAssumedBy rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.example.com/crimeFile#Bob&quot;/&gt;
     &lt;prov:assumedRole rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.example.com/crime#author&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/rdf:Description&gt;</pre>
 		  </div>
-                  <div class="issue">prov:assumedBy and prov:assumedRole
-                  (or equivalent) properties have not yet been defined
-                  in this ontology. This is
-                   <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/103">ISSUE-103</a>
-                  and 
-                   <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/111">ISSUE-111</a>
-                  </div>
+          <p>
+            An <code>EntityInRole</code> is used together with
+            <code>used</code>, <code>wasGeneratedBy</code> and
+            <code>wasControlledBy</code> to specify that the
+            <code>wasAssumedBy</code> entity
+            participated in the relation in a given <em>role</em>. The role is
+            specified using <code>assumedRole</code>, referring to a
+            <code>Role</code>.
+          </p>
+          <div class="exampleOuter">
+            <pre class="example">&lt;rdf:Description rdf:about=&quot;http://www.example.com/crimeFile#pe1&quot;&gt;
+  &lt;prov:used rdf:parseType=&quot;Resource&quot;&gt;
+      &lt;rdf:type rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o/EntityInRole&quot;/&gt;
+      &lt;prov:wasAssumedBy rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.example.com/crimeFile#Bob&quot;/&gt;
+      &lt;prov:assumedRole rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.example.com/crime#author&quot;/&gt;
+      &lt;crime:parameter&gt;p1&lt;/crime:parameter&gt;
+  &lt;/prov:used&gt;
+&lt;/rdf:Description&gt;	</pre>
+          </div>		
+          <p>
+          The example above corresponds to in [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] ASN 
+          <code>used(pe1, Bob, qualifier(role=&quot;author&quot;, parameter=&quot;p1&quot;)</code>.
+          </p>
 
 	    <div class="issue">The PROV-DM defines the term <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/ProvenanceModel.html#expression-qualifier">Qualifier</a>, which is incorporated implicitly in definition of OWL sub-classes and sub-properties that specialize a parent class or property by defining additional qualifying constraints. Hence, <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/ProvenanceModel.html#expression-qualifier">Qualifier</a> is not modeled explicitly in PROV ontology.</div>	
 	  </div>
@@ -920,11 +949,174 @@
 		      <img alt="followed links ProcessExecution to ProcessExecution" style="height: 3em" src="diagram-history/khalidDiagrams/followed.png" />		      
 		</div>
 		
-		 <div id="hastemporalvalue" class="section">
+		<div id="hastemporalvalue" class="section">
 	          <h4><span class="secno">2.2.11 </span>hasTemporalValue</h4>
-	          <p> This object property links an instance of ProcessExecution or Entity with TemporalEntity thereby allowing association of time value with instances of the two classes and their subclasses
+	          <p> This object property links an instance of
+              <code>ProcessExecution</code> or <code>Entity</code> with an
+              <code>time:TemporalEntity</code> from [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-OWL-TIME">OWL-TIME</a></cite>], thereby
+              allowing association of time value with instances of the
+              two classes and their subclasses. This property can be
+              considered an abstract property, specialised by
+              <code>startedAt</code>, <code>endedAt</code>,
+              <code>wasGeneratedAt</code> and
+              <code>assumedRoleAt</code> where the time <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be specified as
+              an <code>time:Instant</code> or more specifically <em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em> be
+              specified using the PROV-O subclass <code>Time</code>
+              which mandates the use of the
+              <code>time:inXSDDateTime</code> data property.
 	          </p>
-	        </div>
+	    </div>
+		<div id="startedAt" class="section">
+	          <h4><span class="secno">2.2.12 </span>startedAt</h4>
+              <p> This object property defines the time when a
+              <code>ProcessExecution</code> started. The time is specified as an
+              <code>time:Instant</code> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-OWL-TIME">OWL-TIME</a></cite>], which <em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em> be a 
+              <code>Time</code> subclass by specifying the time using a
+              <code>time:inXSDDateTime</code> data property.
+	          </p>
+              <div class="exampleOuter">
+                <pre class="example">&lt;rdf:Description rdf:about=&quot;http://www.example.com/crimeFile#pe1&quot;&gt;
+  &lt;prov:startedAt rdf:parseType=&quot;Resource&quot;&gt;
+      &lt;rdf:type rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o/Time&quot;/&gt;
+      &lt;time:inXSDDateTime&gt;2011-10-20T16:26:45Z&lt;/time:inXSDDateTime&gt;
+  &lt;/prov:startedAt&gt;
+&lt;/rdf:Description&gt;	</pre>
+              </div>		
+	    </div>
+		<div id="endedAt" class="section">
+	          <h4><span class="secno">2.2.13 </span>endedAt</h4>
+              <p> This object property defines the time when a
+              <code>ProcessExecution</code> ended. The time is specified as an
+              <code>time:Instant</code> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-OWL-TIME">OWL-TIME</a></cite>], which <em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em> be a 
+              <code>Time</code> subclass by specifying the time using a
+              <code>time:inXSDDateTime</code> data property.
+	          </p>
+              <div class="exampleOuter">
+                <pre class="example">&lt;rdf:Description rdf:about=&quot;http://www.example.com/crimeFile#pe1&quot;&gt;
+  &lt;prov:endedAt rdf:parseType=&quot;Resource&quot;&gt;
+      &lt;rdf:type rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o/Time&quot;/&gt;
+      &lt;time:inXSDDateTime&gt;2011-11-21T18:36:52Z&lt;/time:inXSDDateTime&gt;
+  &lt;/prov:endedAt&gt;
+&lt;/rdf:Description&gt;	</pre>
+              </div>		
+	    </div>
+		<div id="wasGeneratedAt" class="section">
+	          <h4><span class="secno">2.2.14 </span>wasGeneratedAt</h4>
+              <p> This object property defines the time when a
+              <code>Entity</code> was generated (as specified using
+              <code>wasGeneratedBy</code>), meaning the instant when the entity 
+              first existed (and could be used by other process
+              executions). The time is specified as an
+              <code>time:Instant</code> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-OWL-TIME">OWL-TIME</a></cite>], which <em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em> be a 
+              <code>Time</code> subclass by specifying the time using a
+              <code>time:inXSDDateTime</code> data property.
+	          </p>
+              <p>
+              Note that by constraint 
+              </p>
+              <div class="exampleOuter">
+                <pre class="example">&lt;rdf:Description rdf:about=&quot;http://www.example.com/crimeFile#e1&quot;&gt;
+  &lt;prov:wasGeneratedAt rdf:parseType=&quot;Resource&quot;&gt;
+      &lt;rdf:type rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o/Time&quot;/&gt;
+      &lt;time:inXSDDateTime&gt;2011-10-20T17:14:12Z&lt;/time:inXSDDateTime&gt;
+  &lt;/prov:wasGeneratedAt&gt;
+&lt;/rdf:Description&gt;	</pre>
+              </div>		
+	    </div>
+		<div id="wasAssumedBy" class="section">
+	          <h4><span class="secno">2.2.15 </span>wasAssumedBy</h4>
+              <p>This object property defines which
+              <code>Entity</code> assumed a <em>role</em>, forming
+              a placeholder <code>EntityInRole</code> for use in
+              relations such as <code>used</code> and
+              <code>wasGeneratedBy</code>.
+              <code>wasAssumedBy</code> is a required, functional property of
+              <code>EntityInRole</code>, so an <code>EntityInRole</code>
+              is assumed by one and only one <code>Entity</code>.
+              <code>wasAssumedBy</code> is a subproperty of <code>wasComplementOf</code>.
+              </p>
+              <div class="exampleOuter">
+                <pre class="example">&lt;rdf:Description rdf:about=&quot;http://www.example.com/crimeFile#pe1&quot;&gt;
+  &lt;prov:used&gt;
+    &lt;rdf:Description rdf:about=&quot;http://www.example.com/crimeFile#BobAsAuthor&quot;&gt;
+        &lt;rdf:type rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o/EntityInRole&quot;/&gt;
+        <strong>&lt;prov:wasAssumedBy rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.example.com/crimeFile#Bob&quot;/&gt;</strong>
+        &lt;prov:assumedRole rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.example.com/crime#author&quot;/&gt;
+    &lt;rdf:Description rdf:about=&quot;http://www.example.com/crimeFile#pe1&quot;&gt;
+  &lt;prov:used&gt;
+&lt;/rdf:Description&gt;	</pre>
+              </div>		
+              <p>
+              The example above corresponds to the PROV-ASN assertion:
+              <code>used(pe1, bob, qualifier(role=&quot;author&quot;)</code>
+              </p>
+	    </div>
+		<div id="assumedRole" class="section">
+	          <h4><span class="secno">2.2.16 </span>assumedRole</h4>
+              <p>This object property defines which
+              <code>Role</code> has been assumed in an
+              <code>EntityInRole</code>. This property is applied in
+              relations such as <code>used</code> and
+              <code>wasGeneratedBy</code>.
+              </p>
+              <p>
+              The definition and interpretation of the <code>Role</code>
+              is outside the scope for PROV-O. The <code>Role</code> class is
+              a placeholder that can be extended and specialized.
+	          </p>
+              <div class="exampleOuter">
+                <pre class="example">&lt;rdf:Description rdf:about=&quot;http://www.example.com/crimeFile#pe1&quot;&gt;
+  &lt;prov:used&gt;
+    &lt;rdf:Description rdf:about=&quot;http://www.example.com/crimeFile#BobAsAuthor&quot;&gt;
+        &lt;rdf:type rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o/EntityInRole&quot;/&gt;
+        &lt;prov:wasAssumedBy rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.example.com/crimeFile#Bob&quot;/&gt;
+        <strong>&lt;prov:assumedRole rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.example.com/crime#author&quot;/&gt;</strong>
+    &lt;rdf:Description rdf:about=&quot;http://www.example.com/crimeFile#pe1&quot;&gt;
+  &lt;prov:used&gt;
+&lt;/rdf:Description&gt;	</pre>
+              </div>		
+              <p>
+              The example above corresponds to the PROV-ASN assertion:
+              <code>used(pe1, bob, qualifier(role=&quot;author&quot;)</code>
+              </p>
+              <div class="issue">
+              It has been suggested that roles should be represented as
+              classes, allowing hierarchies and composition of roles. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-new-features/#F12:_Punning">OWL2 punning</a>
+              would allow both <code>:entityInRole rdf:type :ExampleRole</code> and
+              <code>:entityInRole prov:assumedRole :ExampleRole</code>.
+              </div>
+	    </div>
+		<div id="assumedRoleAt" class="section">
+	          <h4><span class="secno">2.2.17 </span>assumedRoleAt</h4>
+              <p> This object property defines the first time an
+              <code>Entity</code> assumed a <em>role</em>, ie. when the
+              <code>EntityInRole</code> which <code>wasAssumedBy</code> was active. 
+              This is intended to be used together with a
+              <code>used</code> statement to define the instant when an
+              entity was first used. The time is specified as an
+              <code>time:Instant</code> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-OWL-TIME">OWL-TIME</a></cite>], which <em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em> be a 
+              <code>Time</code> subclass by specifying the time using a
+              <code>time:inXSDDateTime</code> data property.
+	          </p>
+              <p>
+              According to the constraint <a href="#provenance-constraint-on-wasgeneratedby-generation-unicity">generation-unicity</a>
+              from [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM">PROV-DM</a></cite>] an entity can only be generated once by a single process
+              execution. This ontology further assumes that all
+              assertions about that generation must have the same
+              start time.
+              </p>
+              <div class="exampleOuter">
+                <pre class="example">&lt;rdf:Description rdf:about=&quot;http://www.example.com/crimeFile#pe1&quot;&gt;
+  &lt;prov:used rdf:parseType=&quot;Resource&quot;&gt;
+      &lt;rdf:type rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o/EntityInRole&quot;/&gt;
+      <strong>&lt;prov:assumedRoleAt rdf:parseType=&quot;Resource&quot;&gt;</strong>
+        &lt;rdf:type rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o/Time&quot;/&gt;
+        <strong>&lt;time:inXSDDateTime&gt;2011-10-20T17:14:12Z&lt;/time:inXSDDateTime&gt;</strong>
+     &lt;/prov:assumedRoleAt&gt;
+  &lt;/prov:used&gt;
+&lt;/rdf:Description&gt;	</pre>
+              </div>		
+	    </div>
 
       </div>
 
@@ -1129,7 +1321,8 @@
               &lt;cf:hasFilePath rdf:datatype=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string&quot;&gt;/share/crime.txt&lt;/cf:hasFilePath&gt;
           &lt;/rdf:Description&gt;
       &lt;/cf:hasLocation&gt; 
-      &lt;cf:hasFileContent rdf:datatype=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string&quot;&gt;There was a lot of crime in London last month.&lt;/cf:hasFileContent&gt;                 
+      &lt;cf:hasFileContent rdf:datatype=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string&quot;&gt;There 
+        was a lot of crime in London last month.&lt;/cf:hasFileContent&gt;                 
      &lt;/rdf:Description&gt;
      &lt;rdf:Description rdf:about=&quot;http://www.example.com/crimeFile#pe2&quot;&gt;
          &lt;rdf:type rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o/ProcessExecution&quot;/&gt;
@@ -1371,16 +1564,13 @@
                  </dd>
                  <dt>wf:sawValue</dt>
                  <dd>
-                    A subproperty of <i>prov:wasComplementOf</i> which
+                    A subproperty of <i>prov:wasAssumedBy</i> which
                     indicates that an <i>wf:Value</i> was
                     <i>wf:seenAtPort</i> within an
                     <i>wf:ValueAtPort</i>. This ValueAtPort is a complement of the
                     pointed at Value because one can consider this
                     entity to to have the same attributes, but in
                     addition the <i>wf:seenAtPort</i> property is fixed.
-                  <div class="issue">Should be subproperty of
-                  not-yet-existing prov:assumedBy or similar -Stian -
-                  part of <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/103">ISSUE-103</a></div>
                  </dd>
 
                  <dt>wf:wasSeenAtPort</dt>
@@ -1727,7 +1917,7 @@
 		<p>Both the rdfs:subClassOf and rdfsubPropertyOf are transitive properties, hence provenance assertions, in form of RDF triples, using a specialized sub class or sub property can be inferred to be true for their parent class or parent property. For example, in the provenance scenario, though alice and bob are asserted to be individuals of the class Journalist, we can infer that they are also individuals of the PROV ontology class Agent and Entity. Given,						
 		</p>
 		<div class="exampleOuter">
-		  <pre class="example">&lt;rdf:Description rdf:about=&quot;http://www.example.com/crimeFile#alice&quot;&gt;
+		  <pre class="example">&lt;rdf:Description rdf:about=&quot;http://www.example.com/crimeFile#Alice&quot;&gt;
                   &lt;rdf:type rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.example.com/crime#Journalist&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/rdf:Description&gt;</pre>
 		</div>
@@ -1742,13 +1932,13 @@
 		</div>
 		<p>we can infer that</p>
 		<div class="exampleOuter">
-		  <pre class="example">&lt;rdf:Description rdf:about=&quot;http://www.example.com/crimeFile#alice&quot;&gt;
+		  <pre class="example">&lt;rdf:Description rdf:about=&quot;http://www.example.com/crimeFile#Alice&quot;&gt;
                   &lt;rdf:type rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o/Agent&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/rdf:Description&gt;</pre>
 		</div>
 		<p>and</p>
 		<div class="exampleOuter">
-		  <pre class="example">&lt;rdf:Description rdf:about=&quot;http://www.example.com/crimeFile#alice&quot;&gt;
+		  <pre class="example">&lt;rdf:Description rdf:about=&quot;http://www.example.com/crimeFile#Alice&quot;&gt;
                   &lt;rdf:type rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o/Entity&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/rdf:Description&gt;</pre>
 		</div>		
@@ -1880,7 +2070,8 @@
 
 <div id="references" class="appendix section">
 <!-- OddPage -->
-<h2><span class="secno">B. </span>References</h2><div id="normative-references" class="section"><h3><span class="secno">B.1 </span>Normative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-OWL2-DIRECT-SEMANTICS">[OWL2-DIRECT-SEMANTICS]</dt><dd>Boris Motik; Peter F. Patel-Schneider; Bernardo Cuenca Grau. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-direct-semantics-20091027/"><cite>OWL 2 Web Ontology Language:Direct Semantics.</cite></a> 27 October 2009. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-direct-semantics-20091027/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-direct-semantics-20091027/</a> 
+<h2><span class="secno">B. </span>References</h2><div id="normative-references" class="section"><h3><span class="secno">B.1 </span>Normative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-OWL-TIME">[OWL-TIME]</dt><dd>Feng Pan; Jerry R. Hobbs. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-owl-time-20060927"><cite>Time Ontology in OWL.</cite></a> 27 September 2006. W3C Working Draft. (Work in progress.) URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-owl-time-20060927">http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-owl-time-20060927</a> 
+</dd><dt id="bib-OWL2-DIRECT-SEMANTICS">[OWL2-DIRECT-SEMANTICS]</dt><dd>Boris Motik; Peter F. Patel-Schneider; Bernardo Cuenca Grau. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-direct-semantics-20091027/"><cite>OWL 2 Web Ontology Language:Direct Semantics.</cite></a> 27 October 2009. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-direct-semantics-20091027/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-direct-semantics-20091027/</a> 
 </dd><dt id="bib-OWL2-PRIMER">[OWL2-PRIMER]</dt><dd>Pascal Hitzler; Markus Krötzsch; Bijan Parsia; Peter F. Patel-Schneider; Sebastian Rudolph. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-primer-20091027/"><cite>OWL 2 Web Ontology Language:Primer.</cite></a> 27 October 2009. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-primer-20091027/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-primer-20091027/</a> 
 </dd><dt id="bib-OWL2-RDF-BASED-SEMANTICS">[OWL2-RDF-BASED-SEMANTICS]</dt><dd>Michael Schneider. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-rdf-based-semantics-20091027/"><cite>OWL 2 Web Ontology Language:RDF-Based Semantics.</cite></a> 27 October 2009. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-rdf-based-semantics-20091027/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-rdf-based-semantics-20091027/</a> 
 </dd><dt id="bib-OWL2-SYNTAX">[OWL2-SYNTAX]</dt><dd>Boris Motik; Peter F. Patel-Schneider; Bijan Parsia. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-syntax-20091027/"><cite>OWL 2 Web Ontology Language:Structural Specification and Functional-Style Syntax.</cite></a> 27 October 2009. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-syntax-20091027/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-syntax-20091027/</a>