The Individual type documentation

Per type documentation.

Thing

The most generic type of item.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

TODO(goto): write example.

Thing > Action

An action performed by a direct agent and indirect participants upon a direct object. Optionally happens at a location with the help of an inanimate instrument. The execution of the action may produce a result. Specific action sub-type documentation specifies the exact expectation of each argument/role.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.

More specific types

AchieveAction
AssessAction
ConsumeAction
CreateAction
FindAction
InteractAction
MoveAction
OrganizeAction
PlayAction
SearchAction
TradeAction
TransferAction
UpdateAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John listened to Pink with Steve at Anna's appartment on his iPod.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John listened to Pink with Steve at Anna's appartment on his iPod.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "MusicGroup",
    "name": "Pink!"
  },
  "participant": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  },
  "location": {
    "@type": "Residence",
    "name": "Ann's appartment"
  },
  "instrument": {
    "@type": "Product",
    "name": "iPod"
  }
}
</script>

Example 2

Original HTML:

John created an exercise plan with Steve.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John created an exercise plan with Steve.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "result": {
    "@type": "ExercisePlan",
    "name": "John's weight loss plan"
  },
  "participant": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > AchieveAction

The act of accomplishing something via previous efforts. It is an instantaneous action rather than an ongoing process.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from AchieveAction

More specific types

LoseAction
TieAction
WinAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John achieved his exercise plan.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John achieved his exercise plan.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "ExercisePlan",
    "exerciseType": "biking"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > AchieveAction > LoseAction

The act of being defeated in a competitive activity.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from AchieveAction
Properties from LoseAction
`winner`	Person	A sub property of participant. The winner of the action.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John lost a match of angry birds to Steve.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John lost a match of angry birds to Steve.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "SoftwareApplication",
    "name": "Angry Birds"
  },
  "winner": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > AchieveAction > TieAction

The act of reaching a draw in a competitive activity.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from AchieveAction
Properties from TieAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John tied on a match of chess with Steve.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John tied on a match of chess with Steve.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "SoftwareApplication",
    "name": "chess"
  },
  "participant": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > AchieveAction > WinAction

The act of achieving victory in a competitive activity.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from AchieveAction
Properties from WinAction
`loser`	Person	A sub property of participant. The loser of the action.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John won a Nobel prize.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John won a Nobel prize.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Award",
    "name": "Nobel prize"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > AssessAction

The act of forming one's opinion, reaction or sentiment.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from AssessAction

More specific types

ChooseAction
IgnoreAction
ReactAction
ReviewAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John assessed a scholar paper.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John assessed a scholar paper.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
    "name": "Does P = NP?"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > AssessAction > ChooseAction

The act of expressing a preference from a set of options or a large or unbounded set of choices/options.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from AssessAction
Properties from ChooseAction
`option`	Text or Thing	A sub property of object. The options subject to this action.

More specific types

VoteAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John chose Dogfish Head between that and Russian River.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John chose Dogfish Head between that and Russian River.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Brewery",
    "name": "Dogfish Head"
  },
  "option": [
    {
      "@type": "Brewery",
      "name": "Dogfish Head"
    },
    {
      "@type": "Brewery",
      "name": "Russian River"
    }
  ]
}
</script>

Example 2

Original HTML:

John chose Dogfish Head from all breweries.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John chose Dogfish Head from all breweries.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Brewery",
    "name": "Dogfish Head"
  },
  "option": "Brewery"
}
</script>

Thing > Action > AssessAction > ChooseAction > VoteAction

The act of expressing a preference from a fixed/finite/structured set of choices/options as part of a collaborative selection process.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from AssessAction
Properties from ChooseAction
`option`	Text or Thing	A sub property of object. The options subject to this action.
Properties from VoteAction
`candidate`	Person	A sub property of object. The candidate subject of this action.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John voted on Steve.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John voted on Steve.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "candidate": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > AssessAction > IgnoreAction

The act of intentionally disregarding the object. An agent ignores an object.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from AssessAction
Properties from IgnoreAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John ignored Steve.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John ignored Steve.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  }
}
</script>

Example 2

Original HTML:

John and Steve ignored an article.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John and Steve ignored an article.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
    "name": "Do we really need to know whether P = NP?"
  },
  "participant": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  }
}
</script>

Example 3

Original HTML:

John ignores a friend request from Steve.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John ignores a friend request from Steve.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "BefriendAction",
    "agent": {
      "@type": "Person",
      "name": "Steve"
    },
    "instrument": {
      "@type": "WebPage",
      "url": "https://www.social.com"
    }
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > AssessAction > ReactAction

The act of responding instinctively and emotionally to an object, expressing a sentiment.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from AssessAction
Properties from ReactAction

More specific types

AgreeAction
DisagreeAction
DislikeAction
EndorseAction
LikeAction
WantAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John reacted to a scholar paper claiming that P = NP!.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John reacted to a scholar paper claiming that P = NP!.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
    "name": "We found out that P = NP!"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > AssessAction > ReactAction > AgreeAction

The act of expressing a consistency of opinion with the object. An agent agrees to/about an object (a proposition, topic or theme) with participants.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from AssessAction
Properties from ReactAction
Properties from AgreeAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John and Steve agreed with a scholar paper claiming that P = NP!.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John and Steve agreed with a scholar paper claiming that P = NP!.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
    "name": "We found out that P = NP!"
  },
  "participant": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > AssessAction > ReactAction > DisagreeAction

The act of expressing a difference of opinion with the object. An agent disagrees to/about an object (a proposition, topic or theme) with participants.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from AssessAction
Properties from ReactAction
Properties from DisagreeAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John and Steve disagreed with a scholar paper claiming that P = NP!,  resulting in another scholar paper claiming that P is in fact != NP!.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John and Steve disagreed with a scholar paper claiming that P = NP!,  resulting in another scholar paper claiming that P is in fact != NP!.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
    "name": "We found out that P = NP!"
  },
  "participant": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  },
  "result": {
    "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
    "name": "No it is not! P != NP!"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > AssessAction > ReactAction > DislikeAction

The act of expressing a negative sentiment about the object. An agent dislikes an object (a proposition, topic or theme) with participants.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from AssessAction
Properties from ReactAction
Properties from DislikeAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John and Steve dislike an article.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John and Steve dislike an article.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
    "name": "We found out that P = NP!"
  },
  "participant": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > AssessAction > ReactAction > EndorseAction

An agent approves/certifies/likes/supports/sanctions an object.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from AssessAction
Properties from ReactAction
Properties from EndorseAction
`endorsee`	Person or Organization	A sub property of participant. The person/organization being supported.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John endorsed Steve.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John endorsed Steve.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "endorsee": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > AssessAction > ReactAction > LikeAction

The act of expressing a positive sentiment about the object. An agent likes an object (a proposition, topic or theme) with participants.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from AssessAction
Properties from ReactAction
Properties from LikeAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John and Steve like an article.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John and Steve like an article.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
    "name": "We found out that P = NP!"
  },
  "participant": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > AssessAction > ReactAction > WantAction

The act of expressing a desire about the object. An agent wants an object.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from AssessAction
Properties from ReactAction
Properties from WantAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John and Steve want an iPod.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John and Steve want an iPod.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Product",
    "name": "ipod"
  },
  "participant": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > AssessAction > ReviewAction

The act of producing a balanced opinion about the object for an audience. An agent reviews an object with participants resulting in a review.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from AssessAction
Properties from ReviewAction
`resultReview`	Review	A sub property of result. The review that resulted in the performing of the action.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John and Steve reviewed an article.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John and Steve reviewed an article.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "resultReview": {
    "@type": "Review",
    "reviewBody": "It is pretty awesome!"
  },
  "object": {
    "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
    "name": "We found out that P = NP!"
  },
  "participant": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > ConsumeAction

The act of ingesting information/resources/food.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from ConsumeAction

More specific types

DrinkAction
EatAction
InstallAction
ListenAction
ReadAction
UseAction
ViewAction
WatchAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

The biceps consumed 100 calories.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // The biceps consumed 100 calories.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "agent": {
    "@type": "Muscle",
    "name": "Biceps"
  },
  "object": {
    "@type": "Energy",
    "name": "100 calories"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > ConsumeAction > DrinkAction

The act of swallowing liquids.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from ConsumeAction
Properties from DrinkAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John drank a coke.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John drank a coke.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Product",
    "name": "Coke"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > ConsumeAction > EatAction

The act of swallowing solid objects.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from ConsumeAction
Properties from EatAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John eat a cake.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John eat a cake.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Product",
    "name": "Cake"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > ConsumeAction > InstallAction

The act of installing an application.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from ConsumeAction
Properties from InstallAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John installed fitbit.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John installed fitbit.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "MobileApplication",
    "name": "Fitbit"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > ConsumeAction > ListenAction

The act of consuming audio content.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from ConsumeAction
Properties from ListenAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John listened to Pink.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John listened to Pink.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "MusicGroup",
    "name": "Pink!"
  }
}
</script>

Example 2

Original HTML:

John listened to star 101.3.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John listened to star 101.3.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "RadioStation",
    "name": "Star 101.3"
  }
}
</script>

Example 3

Original HTML:

John listened to an Elvis playlist.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John listened to an Elvis playlist.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "MusicPlaylist",
    "name": "All Elvis Songs"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > ConsumeAction > ReadAction

The act of consuming written content.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from ConsumeAction
Properties from ReadAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John read an article.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John read an article.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
    "name": "Article"
  }
}
</script>

Example 2

Original HTML:

John read a book.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John read a book.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Book",
    "name": "We found that P = NP!"
  }
}
</script>

Example 3

Original HTML:

John read a code.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John read a code.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Code",
    "name": "The linux kernel"
  }
}
</script>

Example 4

Original HTML:

John read a web page.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John read a web page.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "WebPage",
    "name": "CNN news!"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > ConsumeAction > UseAction

The act of applying an object to its intended purpose.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from ConsumeAction
Properties from UseAction

More specific types

WearAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John used an exercise plan.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John used an exercise plan.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "ExercisePlan",
    "name": "How to lose 100 calories a day."
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > ConsumeAction > UseAction > WearAction

The act of dressing oneself in clothing.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from ConsumeAction
Properties from UseAction
Properties from WearAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John wore Calvin Klein.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John wore Calvin Klein.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Brand",
    "name": "Calvin Klein"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > ConsumeAction > ViewAction

The act of consuming static visual content.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from ConsumeAction
Properties from ViewAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John viewed Les demoiselles d'avignon.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John viewed Les demoiselles d'avignon.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Painting",
    "name": "Les demoiselles d'avignon"
  }
}
</script>

Example 2

Original HTML:

John viewed a photo of Steve.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John viewed a photo of Steve.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "ImageObject",
    "name": "Steve"
  }
}
</script>

Example 3

Original HTML:

John viewed The Thinker.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John viewed The Thinker.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Sculpture",
    "name": "The Thinker"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > ConsumeAction > WatchAction

The act of consuming dynamic/moving visual content.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from ConsumeAction
Properties from WatchAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John watched Friends.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John watched Friends.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "TvEpisode",
    "name": "Friends!"
  }
}
</script>

Example 2

Original HTML:

John watched The Big Bang Theory

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John watched The Big Bang Theory
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "TvSeries",
    "name": "The Big Bang Theory"
  }
}
</script>

Example 3

Original HTML:

John watched The Internship

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John watched The Internship
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Movie",
    "name": "The Internship"
  }
}
</script>

Example 4

Original HTML:

John watched The Bolshoi Ballet group in Russia.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John watched The Bolshoi Ballet group in Russia.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "PerformingGroup",
    "name": "Bolshoi"
  },
  "location": {
    "@type": "PerformingArtsTheater",
    "name": "Chuvash State Opera and Ballet Theater"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > CreateAction

The act of deliberately creating/producing/generating/building a result out of the agent.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from CreateAction

More specific types

CookAction
DrawAction
FilmAction
PaintAction
PhotographAction
WriteAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John created a website.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John created a website.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "result": {
    "@type": "WebPage",
    "name": "John's thought about the web"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > CreateAction > CookAction

The act of producing/preparing food.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from CreateAction
Properties from CookAction
`recipe`	Recipe	A sub property of instrument. The recipe/instructions used to perform the action.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John cooked a banana bread at the Cheesecake Factory.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John cooked a banana bread at the Cheesecake Factory.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Thing",
    "name": "dinner"
  },
  "recipe": {
    "@type": "Recipe",
    "name": "Mom's World Famous Banana Bread"
  },
  "location": {
    "@type": "Bakery",
    "name": "Cheesecake Factory"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > CreateAction > DrawAction

The act of producing a visual/graphical representation of an object, typically with a pen/pencil and paper as instruments.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from CreateAction
Properties from DrawAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John drew a drawing.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John drew a drawing.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Thing",
    "name": "A drawing"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > CreateAction > FilmAction

The act of capturing sound and moving images on film, video, or digitally.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from CreateAction
Properties from FilmAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John filmed The Internship.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John filmed The Internship.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Movie",
    "name": "The Internship"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > CreateAction > PaintAction

The act of producing a painting, typically with paint and canvas as instruments.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from CreateAction
Properties from PaintAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John painted Les Demoiselles d'Avignon.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John painted Les Demoiselles d'Avignon.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Painting",
    "name": "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > CreateAction > PhotographAction

The act of capturing still images of objects using a camera.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from CreateAction
Properties from PhotographAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John took a photo of Steve.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John took a photo of Steve.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "ImageObject",
    "url": "http://john.com/steve.jpg"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > CreateAction > WriteAction

The act of authoring written creative content.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from CreateAction
Properties from WriteAction
`language`	Language	A sub property of instrument. The language used on this action.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John wrote an article on algorithms.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John wrote an article on algorithms.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "result": {
    "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
    "name": "We found that P = NP!"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > FindAction

The act of finding an object.

Related actions:

SearchAction: FindAction is generally lead by a SearchAction, but not necessarily.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from FindAction

More specific types

CheckAction
DiscoverAction
TrackAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John found the answer to life.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John found the answer to life.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "QuantitativeValue",
    "name": "42"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > FindAction > CheckAction

An agent inspects/determines/investigates/inquires or examines an object's accuracy/quality/condition or state.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from FindAction
Properties from CheckAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John checked his flight status.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John checked his flight status.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Flight",
    "name": "AA123"
  },
  "result": {
    "@type": "FlightStatus",
    "name": "On time"
  }
}
</script>

Example 2

Original HTML:

John checked his blood test.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John checked his blood test.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "BloodTest",
    "name": "You are fine!"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > FindAction > DiscoverAction

The act of discovering/finding an object serendipitously, something that was not being explicitly searched for (e.g. stumbling upon).

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from FindAction
Properties from DiscoverAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John discovered a Pink!

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John discovered a Pink!
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "MusicRecording",
    "name": "Pink"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > FindAction > TrackAction

An agent tracks an object for updates.

Related actions:

FollowAction: Unlike FollowAction, TrackAction refers to interest in the location of inanimate objects.
SubscribeAction: Unlike SubscribeAction, TrackAction refers to interest in the location of inanimate objects.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from FindAction
Properties from TrackAction
`deliveryMethod`	DeliveryMethod	A sub property of instrument. The method of delivery.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John tracked his fitbit via UPS.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John tracked his fitbit via UPS.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Product",
    "name": "fitbit"
  },
  "deliveryMethod": {
    "@type": "http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#UPS"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > InteractAction

The act of interacting with another person or organization.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from InteractAction

More specific types

BefriendAction
CommunicateAction
FollowAction
JoinAction
LeaveAction
MarryAction
RegisterAction
SubscribeAction
UnRegisterAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John interacted with Steve.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John interacted with Steve.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "participant": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  }
}
</script>

Example 2

Original HTML:

John interacted with the IEEE.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John interacted with the IEEE.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "participant": {
    "@type": "Organization",
    "name": "IEEE"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > InteractAction > BefriendAction

The act of forming a personal connection with someone (object) mutually/bidirectionally/symmetrically.

Related actions:

FollowAction: Unlike FollowAction, BefriendAction implies that the connection is reciprocal.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from InteractAction
Properties from BefriendAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John befriended Steve.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John befriended Steve.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > InteractAction > CommunicateAction

The act of conveying information to another person via a communication medium (instrument) such as speech, email, or telephone conversation.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from InteractAction
Properties from CommunicateAction
`about`	Thing	The subject matter of the content.
`content`	Thing	The content of the communication.
`recipient`	Person or Organization or Audience	A sub property of participant. The participant who is at the receiving end of the action.
`language`	Language	A sub property of instrument. The language used on this action.

More specific types

AskAction
CheckInAction
CheckOutAction
CommentAction
InformAction
InviteAction
ReplyAction
ShareAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John communicated with Steve.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John communicated with Steve.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "recipient": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  }
}
</script>

Example 2

Original HTML:

John communicated to the medical community his retirement.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John communicated to the medical community his retirement.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "recipient": {
    "@type": "MedicalAudience",
    "name": "Brain surgeons"
  },
  "object": "I'm retiring"
}
</script>

Thing > Action > InteractAction > CommunicateAction > AskAction

The act of posing a question / favor to someone.

Related actions:

ReplyAction: Appears generally as a response to AskAction.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from InteractAction
Properties from CommunicateAction
`about`	Thing	The subject matter of the content.
`content`	Thing	The content of the communication.
`recipient`	Person or Organization or Audience	A sub property of participant. The participant who is at the receiving end of the action.
`language`	Language	A sub property of instrument. The language used on this action.
Properties from AskAction
`question`	Text	A sub property of object. A question.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John asked Steve 'What is 2 + 2?'.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John asked Steve 'What is 2 + 2?'.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "recipient": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  },
  "question": "What's 2 + 2?"
}
</script>

Thing > Action > InteractAction > CommunicateAction > CheckInAction

The act of an agent communicating (service provider, social media, etc) their arrival by registering/confirming for a previously reserved service (e.g. flight check in) or at a place (e.g. hotel), possibly resulting in a result (boarding pass, etc).

Related actions:

CheckOutAction: The antonym of CheckInAction.
ArriveAction: Unlike ArriveAction, CheckInAction implies that the agent is informing/confirming the start of a previously reserved service.
ConfirmAction: Unlike ConfirmAction, CheckInAction implies that the agent is informing/confirming the *start* of a previously reserved service rather than its validity/existance.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from InteractAction
Properties from CommunicateAction
`about`	Thing	The subject matter of the content.
`content`	Thing	The content of the communication.
`recipient`	Person or Organization or Audience	A sub property of participant. The participant who is at the receiving end of the action.
`language`	Language	A sub property of instrument. The language used on this action.
Properties from CheckInAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John checked in at Yandex.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John checked in at Yandex.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "location": {
    "@type": "Place",
    "address": {
      "@type": "PostalAddress",
      "name": "Yandex",
      "streetAddress": "16 Leo Tolstoy St",
      "addressLocality": "Moscow",
      "addressCountry": "Russia",
      "postalCode": "119021"
    }
  }
}
</script>

Example 2

Original HTML:

John checked into a flight at the airport.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John checked into a flight at the airport.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Flight",
    "flightNumber": "110",
    "airline": "Aeroflot",
    "departureAirport": "SVO",
    "departureTime": "2014-10-01T15:30:00Z",
    "arrivalTime": "2014-10-02T12:00:00Z",
    "arrivalAirport": "SFO"
  },
  "location": {
    "@type": "Place",
    "address": {
      "@type": "PostalAddress",
      "name": "Sheremetyevo International Airport",
      "addressLocality": "Khimki",
      "addressRegion": "Moscow Region",
      "addressCountry": "Russia",
      "postalCode": "141400"
    }
  }
}
</script>

Example 3

Original HTML:

John checked into a flight online.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John checked into a flight online.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Flight",
    "flightNumber": "AA110"
  },
  "instrument": {
    "@type": "WebApplication",
    "url": "http://aa.com"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > InteractAction > CommunicateAction > CheckOutAction

The act of an agent communicating (service provider, social media, etc) their departure of a previously reserved service (e.g. flight) or place (e.g. hotel).

Related actions:

CheckInAction: The antonym of CheckOutAction.
DepartAction: Unlike DepartAction, CheckOutAction implies that the agent is informing/confirming the end of a previously reserved service.
CancelAction: Unlike CancelAction, CheckOutAction implies that the agent is informing/confirming the end of a previously reserved service.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from InteractAction
Properties from CommunicateAction
`about`	Thing	The subject matter of the content.
`content`	Thing	The content of the communication.
`recipient`	Person or Organization or Audience	A sub property of participant. The participant who is at the receiving end of the action.
`language`	Language	A sub property of instrument. The language used on this action.
Properties from CheckOutAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John checked out of a flight online.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John checked out of a flight online.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Flight",
    "flightNumber": "AA110"
  },
  "instrument": {
    "@type": "WebApplication",
    "url": "http://aa.com"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > InteractAction > CommunicateAction > CommentAction

The act of generating a comment about a subject.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from InteractAction
Properties from CommunicateAction
`about`	Thing	The subject matter of the content.
`content`	Thing	The content of the communication.
`recipient`	Person or Organization or Audience	A sub property of participant. The participant who is at the receiving end of the action.
`language`	Language	A sub property of instrument. The language used on this action.
Properties from CommentAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

Clive commented on Pam's post.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // Clive commented on Pam's post.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "content": {
    "@type": "Comment",
    "name": "I couldnÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚Â¢t agree more!"
  },
  "about": {
    "@type": "ShareAction",
    "agent": "Cindy Celebrity",
    "content": {
      "@type": "Post",
      "name": "Can't wait to perform in Hawaii tomorrow!"
    }
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > InteractAction > CommunicateAction > InformAction

The act of notifying someone of information pertinent to them, with no expectation of a response.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from InteractAction
Properties from CommunicateAction
`about`	Thing	The subject matter of the content.
`content`	Thing	The content of the communication.
`recipient`	Person or Organization or Audience	A sub property of participant. The participant who is at the receiving end of the action.
`language`	Language	A sub property of instrument. The language used on this action.
Properties from InformAction

More specific types

ConfirmAction
RsvpAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John informed Steve of a work party.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John informed Steve of a work party.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "recipient": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  },
  "object": {
    "@type": "BusinessEvent",
    "name": "Department party"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > InteractAction > CommunicateAction > InformAction > ConfirmAction

The act of notifying someone that a future event/action is going to happen as expected.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from InteractAction
Properties from CommunicateAction
`about`	Thing	The subject matter of the content.
`content`	Thing	The content of the communication.
`recipient`	Person or Organization or Audience	A sub property of participant. The participant who is at the receiving end of the action.
`language`	Language	A sub property of instrument. The language used on this action.
Properties from InformAction
Properties from ConfirmAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John confirmed the game was still on.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John confirmed the game was still on.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "SportsEvent",
    "name": "NBA finals"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > InteractAction > CommunicateAction > InformAction > RsvpAction

The act of notifying an event organiser as to whether you expect to attend the event.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from InteractAction
Properties from CommunicateAction
`about`	Thing	The subject matter of the content.
`content`	Thing	The content of the communication.
`recipient`	Person or Organization or Audience	A sub property of participant. The participant who is at the receiving end of the action.
`language`	Language	A sub property of instrument. The language used on this action.
Properties from InformAction
Properties from RsvpAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John confirmed his presence on the event.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John confirmed his presence on the event.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "SportsEvent",
    "name": "NBA finals"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > InteractAction > CommunicateAction > InviteAction

The act of asking someone to attend an event.

Related actions:

RsvpACtion: Reciprocal of InviteAction.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from InteractAction
Properties from CommunicateAction
`about`	Thing	The subject matter of the content.
`content`	Thing	The content of the communication.
`recipient`	Person or Organization or Audience	A sub property of participant. The participant who is at the receiving end of the action.
`language`	Language	A sub property of instrument. The language used on this action.
Properties from InviteAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John invited Steve to his party.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John invited Steve to his party.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "recipient": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  },
  "object": {
    "@type": "Event",
    "name": "Steve's party"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > InteractAction > CommunicateAction > ReplyAction

The act of responding to a question/message asked/sent by the object.

Related actions:

AskAction: Appears generally as an origin of a ReplyAction.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from InteractAction
Properties from CommunicateAction
`about`	Thing	The subject matter of the content.
`content`	Thing	The content of the communication.
`recipient`	Person or Organization or Audience	A sub property of participant. The participant who is at the receiving end of the action.
`language`	Language	A sub property of instrument. The language used on this action.
Properties from ReplyAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John replied '4' to Steve's question 'What's 2 + 2?'.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John replied '4' to Steve's question 'What's 2 + 2?'.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "recipient": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  },
  "question": "What's 2 + 2?",
  "answer": "4."
}
</script>

Thing > Action > InteractAction > CommunicateAction > ShareAction

The act of distributing content to people for their amusement or edification.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from InteractAction
Properties from CommunicateAction
`about`	Thing	The subject matter of the content.
`content`	Thing	The content of the communication.
`recipient`	Person or Organization or Audience	A sub property of participant. The participant who is at the receiving end of the action.
`language`	Language	A sub property of instrument. The language used on this action.
Properties from ShareAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

Pam shared a post with Steve.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // Pam shared a post with Steve.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "recipient": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  },
  "content": {
    "@type": "Post",
    "name": "We proved that 2 + 2 = 4!"
  }
}
</script>

Example 2

Original HTML:

Pam shared an image.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // Pam shared an image.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "content": {
    "@type": "Post",
    "name": "Look at my kids!",
    "attachment": {
      "@type": "ImageObject",
      "name": "My Kids",
      "url": "http://pam.example.com/kids.jpg"
    }
  }
}
</script>

Example 3

Original HTML:

Pam shared a video.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // Pam shared a video.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "content": {
    "@type": "Post",
    "name": "Look at my cat chasing its own tail!",
    "attachment": {
      "@type": "VideoObject",
      "name": "Tom chasing his tail",
      "url": "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=example_tom_movie",
      "thumbnail": {
        "@type": "ImageObject",
        "url": "http://www.youtube.com/thumbnail?v=example_tom_movie"
      }
    }
  }
}
</script>

Example 4

Original HTML:

Pam shared a webpage.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // Pam shared a webpage.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "content": {
    "@type": "Post",
    "name": "I found this great selection of holiday recipes!",
    "attachment": {
      "@type": "WebPage",
      "name": "Top 10 holiday favorites",
      "url": "http://recipes.example.com/top10/holiday"
    }
  }
}
</script>

Example 5

Original HTML:

Ray reshared a post from Cindy.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // Ray reshared a post from Cindy.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "content": {
    "@type": "Post",
    "name": "Who's down to go to Cindy's concert?"
  },
  "about": {
    "@type": "ShareAction",
    "agent": "Cindy Celebrity",
    "content": {
      "@type": "Post",
      "name": "Can't wait to perform in Hawaii tomorrow!"
    }
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > InteractAction > FollowAction

The act of forming a personal connection with someone/something (object) unidirectionally/asymmetrically to get updates polled from.

Related actions:

BefriendAction: Unlike BefriendAction, FollowAction implies that the connection is *not* necessarily reciprocal.
SubscribeAction: Unlike SubscribeAction, FollowAction implies that the follower acts as an active agent constantly/actively polling for updates.
RegisterAction: Unlike RegisterAction, FollowAction implies that the agent is interested in continuing to receive updates from the object.
JoinAction: Unlike JoinAction, FollowAction implies that the agent is interested in getting updates from the object.
TrackAction: Unlike TrackAction, FollowAction refers to the polling of updates of all aspects of animate objects rather than the location of inanimate objects (e.g. you track a package, but you don't follow it).

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from InteractAction
Properties from FollowAction
`followee`	Person or Organization	A sub property of object. The person or organization being followed.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John followed Steve on Twitter.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John followed Steve on Twitter.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "followee": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  },
  "location": {
    "@type": "Product",
    "name": "Twitter"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > InteractAction > JoinAction

An agent joins an event/group with participants/friends at a location.

Related actions:

RegisterAction: Unlike RegisterAction, JoinAction refers to joining an event/group of people.
SubscribeAction: Unlike SubscribeAction, JoinAction does not imply that you'll be receiving updates.
FollowAction: Unlike FollowAction, JoinAction does not imply that you'll be polling for updates.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from InteractAction
Properties from JoinAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John joined the basketball team.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John joined the basketball team.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "SportsTeam",
    "name": "Chicago Bulls"
  }
}
</script>

Example 2

Original HTML:

John joined the Beatles.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John joined the Beatles.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "MusicGroup",
    "name": "The Beatles"
  }
}
</script>

Example 3

Original HTML:

John joined the Cats cast.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John joined the Cats cast.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "TheatreGroup",
    "name": "Cats"
  }
}
</script>

Example 4

Original HTML:

John joined the festival.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John joined the festival.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Festival",
    "name": "Woodstock"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > InteractAction > LeaveAction

An agent leaves an event / group with participants/friends at a location.

Related actions:

JoinAction: The antonym of LeaveAction.
UnRegisterAction: Unlike UnRegisterAction, LeaveAction implies leaving a event/group of people rather than a service.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from InteractAction
Properties from LeaveAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John left the Chicago Bulls.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John left the Chicago Bulls.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "SportsTeam",
    "name": "Chicago Bulls"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > InteractAction > MarryAction

The act of marrying a person.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from InteractAction
Properties from MarryAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John married Ann.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John married Ann.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Ann"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > InteractAction > RegisterAction

The act of registering to be a user of a service, product or web page.

Related actions:

JoinAction: Unlike JoinAction, RegisterAction implies you are registering to be a user of a service, *not* an event/group of people.
FollowAction: Unlike FollowAction, RegisterAction doesn't imply that the agent is expecting to poll for updates from the object.
SubscribeAction: Unlike SubscribeAction, RegisterAction doesn't imply that the agent is expecting updates from the object.
EnrollAction: Unlike EnrollAction, RegisterAction does not refers to a future event but to a service/product.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from InteractAction
Properties from RegisterAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John registered for the IEEE.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John registered for the IEEE.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Organization",
    "name": "IEEE"
  }
}
</script>

Example 2

Original HTML:

John registered to Twitter.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John registered to Twitter.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Product",
    "name": "Twitter"
  }
}
</script>

Example 3

Original HTML:

John registered to Comcast.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John registered to Comcast.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Product",
    "name": "Comcast"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > InteractAction > SubscribeAction

The act of forming a personal connection with someone/something (object) unidirectionally/asymmetrically to get updates pushed to.

Related actions:

FollowAction: Unlike FollowAction, SubscribeAction implies that the subscriber acts as a passive agent being constantly/actively pushed for updates.
RegisterAction: Unlike RegisterAction, SubscribeAction implies that the agent is interested in continuing receiving updates from the object.
JoinAction: Unlike JoinAction, SubscribeAction implies that the agent is interested in continuing receiving updates from the object.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from InteractAction
Properties from SubscribeAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John subscribed to mailing list.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John subscribed to mailing list.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Product",
    "name": "IEEE Mailing List"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > InteractAction > UnRegisterAction

The act of unregistering from a service.

Related actions:

RegisterAction: The antonym of UnRegisterAction.
Leave: Unlike LeaveAction, UnRegisterAction implies that you are unregistering from a service you werer previously registered, rather than leaving a team/group of people.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from InteractAction
Properties from UnRegisterAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John unregistered from Comcast.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John unregistered from Comcast.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Product",
    "name": "Comcast"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > MoveAction

The act of an agent relocating to a place.

Related actions:

TransferAction: Unlike TransferAction, the subject of the move is a living Person or Organization rather than an inanimate object.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from MoveAction
`fromLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The original location/index of the object or the agent before the action.
`toLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The final location/index of the object or the agent after the action.

More specific types

ArriveAction
DepartAction
TravelAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John moved a sculpture from one museum to another.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John moved a sculpture from one museum to another.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Sculpture",
    "name": "The thinker"
  },
  "fromLocation": {
    "@type": "Museum",
    "name": "MOMA"
  },
  "toLocation": {
    "@type": "Museum",
    "name": "Guggenheim"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > MoveAction > ArriveAction

The act of arriving at a place. An agent arrives at a destination from an fromLocation, optionally with participants.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from MoveAction
`fromLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The original location/index of the object or the agent before the action.
`toLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The final location/index of the object or the agent after the action.
Properties from ArriveAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John arrived at the hotel.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John arrived at the hotel.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Hotel",
    "name": "The Hilton"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > MoveAction > DepartAction

The act of departing from a place. An agent departs from an fromLocation for a destination, optionally with participants.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from MoveAction
`fromLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The original location/index of the object or the agent before the action.
`toLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The final location/index of the object or the agent after the action.
Properties from DepartAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John departed from the hotel.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John departed from the hotel.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Hotel",
    "name": "The Hilton"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > MoveAction > TravelAction

The act of traveling from an fromLocation to a destination by a specified mode of transport, optionally with participants.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from MoveAction
`fromLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The original location/index of the object or the agent before the action.
`toLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The final location/index of the object or the agent after the action.
Properties from TravelAction
`distance`	Distance	A sub property of asset. The distance travelled.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John traveled to Brazil.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John traveled to Brazil.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "toLocation": {
    "@type": "Country",
    "name": "Brazil"
  }
}
</script>

Example 2

Original HTML:

John travel from the US to Brazil with Steve.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John travel from the US to Brazil with Steve.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "fromLocation": {
    "@type": "Country",
    "name": "USA"
  },
  "toLocation": {
    "@type": "Country",
    "name": "Brazil"
  },
  "participant": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > OrganizeAction

The act of manipulating/administering/supervising/controlling one or more objects.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from OrganizeAction

More specific types

AllocateAction
ApplyAction
BookmarkAction
PlanAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John organized his webpage.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John organized his webpage.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "WebPage",
    "name": "John's thought about the web"
  }
}
</script>

Example 2

Original HTML:

John organized his business.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John organized his business.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "LocalBusiness",
    "name": "John's tavern"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > OrganizeAction > AllocateAction

The act of organizing tasks/objects/events by associating resources to it.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from OrganizeAction
Properties from AllocateAction
`purpose`	Thing	A goal towards an action is taken. Can be concrete or abstract.

More specific types

AcceptAction
AssignAction
AuthorizeAction
RejectAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John allocated 5 hours to exercise.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John allocated 5 hours to exercise.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Duration",
    "name": "5 hours"
  },
  "purpose": {
    "@type": "ExercisePlan",
    "name": "John's weight loss plan"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > OrganizeAction > AllocateAction > AcceptAction

The act of committing to/adopting an object.

Related actions:

RejectAction: The antonym of AcceptAction.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from OrganizeAction
Properties from AllocateAction
`purpose`	Thing	A goal towards an action is taken. Can be concrete or abstract.
Properties from AcceptAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John accepted a plan to exercise to help with his obesity.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John accepted a plan to exercise to help with his obesity.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "ExercisePlan",
    "name": "John's weight loss plan"
  },
  "purpose": {
    "@type": "MedicalCondition",
    "name": "Obesity"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > OrganizeAction > AllocateAction > AssignAction

The act of allocating an action/event/task to some destination (someone or something).

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from OrganizeAction
Properties from AllocateAction
`purpose`	Thing	A goal towards an action is taken. Can be concrete or abstract.
Properties from AssignAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

Dr. John assigned an exercise plan to Steve.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // Dr. John assigned an exercise plan to Steve.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "ExercisePlan",
    "name": "Steve's weight loss plan"
  },
  "recipient": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  },
  "purpose": {
    "@type": "MedicalCondition",
    "name": "Obesity"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > OrganizeAction > AllocateAction > AuthorizeAction

The act of granting permission to an object.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from OrganizeAction
Properties from AllocateAction
`purpose`	Thing	A goal towards an action is taken. Can be concrete or abstract.
Properties from AuthorizeAction
`recipient`	Person or Organization or Audience	A sub property of participant. The participant who is at the receiving end of the action.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John authorized Dr. Steve access to his diet plan.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John authorized Dr. Steve access to his diet plan.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Diet",
    "name": "Steve's weight loss plan"
  },
  "recipient": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  },
  "purpose": {
    "@type": "MedicalCondition",
    "name": "Obesity"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > OrganizeAction > AllocateAction > RejectAction

The act of declining to accept an object.

Related actions:

AcceptAction: The antonym of RejectAction.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from OrganizeAction
Properties from AllocateAction
`purpose`	Thing	A goal towards an action is taken. Can be concrete or abstract.
Properties from RejectAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John rejected a plan to exercise that helps him with his obesity.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John rejected a plan to exercise that helps him with his obesity.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "ExercisePlan",
    "name": "John's weight loss plan"
  },
  "purpose": {
    "@type": "MedicalCondition",
    "name": "Obesity"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > OrganizeAction > ApplyAction

The act of requesting access to / membership of a service / organization, without certainty of approval.

Related actions:

RegisterAction: Unlike RegisterAction, ApplyAction has no guarantees that the application will be accepted.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from OrganizeAction
Properties from ApplyAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John applied to Harvard.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John applied to Harvard.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "CollegeOrUniversity",
    "name": "Harvard"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > OrganizeAction > BookmarkAction

An agent bookmarks/flags/labels/tags/marks an object.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from OrganizeAction
Properties from BookmarkAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John bookmarked a photo using Instagram.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John bookmarked a photo using Instagram.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "ImageObject",
    "name": "Steve",
    "url": "http://john.com/steve.jpg"
  },
  "instrument": {
    "@type": "Product",
    "name": "Instagram"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > OrganizeAction > PlanAction

The act of planning the execution of an event/task/action/reservation/plan for a future date.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from OrganizeAction
Properties from PlanAction
`scheduledTime`	DateTime	The time the object is scheduled to.

More specific types

CancelAction
ReserveAction
ScheduleAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John planned a trip with a travel agency.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John planned a trip with a travel agency.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Event",
    "name": "John's trip"
  },
  "instrument": {
    "@type": "TravelAgency",
    "name": "AFS"
  }
}
</script>

Example 2

Original HTML:

John planned an exercise plan with Steve.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John planned an exercise plan with Steve.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "ExercisePlan",
    "name": "John's weight loss plan"
  },
  "participant": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > OrganizeAction > PlanAction > CancelAction

The act of asserting that a future event/action is no longer going to happen.

Related actions:

ConfirmAction: The antonym of CancelAction.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from OrganizeAction
Properties from PlanAction
`scheduledTime`	DateTime	The time the object is scheduled to.
Properties from CancelAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John cancelled a trip with a travel agency.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John cancelled a trip with a travel agency.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Event",
    "name": "John's trip"
  },
  "instrument": {
    "@type": "TravelAgency",
    "name": "AFS"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > OrganizeAction > PlanAction > ReserveAction

Placing a hold on an object or service for exclusive use at a given future time.

Related actions:

ScheduleAction: Unlike ScheduleAction, ReserveAction reserves concrete objects (e.g. a table, a hotel) towards a time slot / spatial allocation.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from OrganizeAction
Properties from PlanAction
`scheduledTime`	DateTime	The time the object is scheduled to.
Properties from ReserveAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John reserved a table for May.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John reserved a table for May.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Reservation",
    "name": "Table at Bar Tartine"
  },
  "scheduledTime": "May"
}
</script>

Thing > Action > OrganizeAction > PlanAction > ScheduleAction

Determining a time at which an action, event, or task will happen in the future.

Related actions:

ReserveAction: Unlike ReserveAction, ScheduleAction allocates future actions (e.g. an event, a task, etc) towards a time slot / spatial allocation.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from OrganizeAction
Properties from PlanAction
`scheduledTime`	DateTime	The time the object is scheduled to.
Properties from ScheduleAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John scheduled an event to occur in May.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John scheduled an event to occur in May.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Event",
    "name": "SXSW"
  },
  "scheduledTime": "May"
}
</script>

Thing > Action > PlayAction

The act of playing/exercising/training/performing for enjoyment, leisure, recreation, competition or exercise.

Related actions:

ListenAction: Unlike ListenAction (which is under ConsumeAction), PlayAction refers to performing for an audience or at an event, rather than consuming music.
WatchAction: Unlike WatchAction (which is under ConsumeAction), PlayAction refers to showing/displaying for an audience or at an event, rather than consuming visual content.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from PlayAction
`event`	Event	Upcoming or past event associated with this place or organization.
`audience`	Audience	The intended audience of the item, i.e. the group for whom the item was created.

More specific types

ExerciseAction
PerformAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John played angry birds with Steve.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John played angry birds with Steve.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "MobileApplication",
    "name": "Angry Birds."
  },
  "participant": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > PlayAction > ExerciseAction

The act of participating in exertive activity for the purposes of improving health and fitness

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from PlayAction
`event`	Event	Upcoming or past event associated with this place or organization.
`audience`	Audience	The intended audience of the item, i.e. the group for whom the item was created.
Properties from ExerciseAction
`fromLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The original location/index of the object or the agent before the action.
`toLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The final location/index of the object or the agent after the action.
`course`	Place	A sub property of location. The course where this action was taken.
`distance`	Distance	A sub property of asset. The distance travelled.
`opponent`	Person	A sub property of participant. The opponent on this action.
`event`	Event	Upcoming or past event associated with this place or organization.
`diet`	Diet	A sub property of instrument. The diet used in this action.
`exercisePlan`	ExercisePlan	A sub property of instrument. The exercise plan used on this action.
`exerciseType`	Text	Type(s) of exercise or activity, such as strength training, flexibility training, aerobics, cardiac rehabilitation, etc.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John ran 100 miles with Steve.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John ran 100 miles with Steve.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "exerciseType": "Running",
  "distance": "100 miles",
  "participant": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  }
}
</script>

Example 2

Original HTML:

John played tennis against Steve.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John played tennis against Steve.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "exerciseType": "Tennis",
  "opponent": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  }
}
</script>

Example 3

Original HTML:

John played soccer with the Brazilian team at the World Cup.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John played soccer with the Brazilian team at the World Cup.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "exerciseType": "Soccer",
  "participant": {
    "@type": "SportsTeam",
    "name": "Brazilian Soccer Team"
  },
  "event": {
    "@type": "SportsEvent",
    "name": "World Cup"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > PlayAction > PerformAction

The act of participating in performance arts.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from PlayAction
`event`	Event	Upcoming or past event associated with this place or organization.
`audience`	Audience	The intended audience of the item, i.e. the group for whom the item was created.
Properties from PerformAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John performed as a DJ playing Daft Punk on his turntable at Woodstock.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John performed as a DJ playing Daft Punk on his turntable at Woodstock.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "MusicRecording",
    "name": "Daft Punk"
  },
  "instrument": {
    "@type": "Product",
    "name": "Turntable"
  },
  "event": {
    "@type": "Festival",
    "name": "Woodstock"
  }
}
</script>

Example 2

Original HTML:

John performed at Broadway.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John performed at Broadway.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "MusicRecording",
    "name": "Daft Punk"
  },
  "location": {
    "@type": "EntertainmentBusiness",
    "name": "Broadway"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > SearchAction

The act of searching for an object.

Related actions:

FindAction: SearchAction is generally led by a FindAction, but not necessarily.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from SearchAction
`query`	Text or Class	A sub property of instrument. The query used on this action.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John searched for 'What is the answer to life the universe and everything?'.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John searched for 'What is the answer to life the universe and everything?'.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "query": "What is the answer to life the universe and everything?"
}
</script>

Example 2

Original HTML:

John searched for hotels.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John searched for hotels.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "query": {
    "@type": "Class",
    "name": "http://schema.org/Hotel"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > TradeAction

The act of participating in an exchange of goods and services for monetary compensation. An agent trades an object, product or service with a participant in exchange for a one time or periodic payment.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from TradeAction
`price`	Number or Text	The offer price of a product, or of a price component when attached to PriceSpecification and its subtypes.

More specific types

BuyAction
DonateAction
OrderAction
PayAction
QuoteAction
RentAction
SellAction
TipAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John traded a Book for US$ 50.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John traded a Book for US$ 50.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Book",
    "name": "Outliers"
  },
  "price": "US$ 50"
}
</script>

Thing > Action > TradeAction > BuyAction

The act of giving money to a seller in exchange for goods or services rendered. An agent buys an object, product, or service from a seller for a price.

Related actions:

SellAction: Reciprocal.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from TradeAction
`price`	Number or Text	The offer price of a product, or of a price component when attached to PriceSpecification and its subtypes.
Properties from BuyAction
`vendor`	Person or Organization	A sub property of participant. The seller. The participant/person/organization that sold the object.
`warrantyPromise`	WarrantyPromise	The warranty promise(s) included in the offer.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John bought a Book on amazon.com.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John bought a Book on amazon.com.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Book",
    "name": "Outliers"
  },
  "instrument": {
    "@type": "Product",
    "name": "Amazon"
  }
}
</script>

Example 2

Original HTML:

John bought the soundtrack to Contoso

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John bought the soundtrack to Contoso
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "MusicAlbum",
    "name": "Contoso: The Soundtrack"
  },
  "price": "$5.99"
}
</script>

Thing > Action > TradeAction > DonateAction

The act of providing goods, services, or money without compensation, often for philanthropic reasons.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from TradeAction
`price`	Number or Text	The offer price of a product, or of a price component when attached to PriceSpecification and its subtypes.
Properties from DonateAction
`recipient`	Person or Organization or Audience	A sub property of participant. The participant who is at the receiving end of the action.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John donated $20.00 to Red Cross.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John donated $20.00 to Red Cross.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "price": "US$ 20",
  "recipient": {
    "@type": "NGO",
    "name": "Red Cross"
  }
}
</script>

Example 2

Original HTML:

John donated $10 to Steve.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John donated $10 to Steve.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "price": "US$ 10",
  "recipient": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > TradeAction > OrderAction

An agent orders an object/product/service to be delivered/sent.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from TradeAction
`price`	Number or Text	The offer price of a product, or of a price component when attached to PriceSpecification and its subtypes.
Properties from OrderAction
`vendor`	Person or Organization	A sub property of participant. The seller. The participant/person/organization that sold the object.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John ordered the Premium Cable Package from Contoso Cable.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John ordered the Premium Cable Package from Contoso Cable.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Thing",
    "name": "Premium Cable Package"
  },
  "vendor": {
    "@type": "Organization",
    "name": "Contoso Cable"
  }
}
</script>

Example 2

Original HTML:

John ordered a Book on amazon.com.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John ordered a Book on amazon.com.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Book",
    "name": "Outliers"
  },
  "vendor": {
    "@type": "Organization",
    "name": "Amazon"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > TradeAction > PayAction

An agent pays a price to a participant.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from TradeAction
`price`	Number or Text	The offer price of a product, or of a price component when attached to PriceSpecification and its subtypes.
Properties from PayAction
`recipient`	Person or Organization or Audience	A sub property of participant. The participant who is at the receiving end of the action.
`purpose`	Thing	A goal towards an action is taken. Can be concrete or abstract.
`vendor`	Person or Organization	A sub property of participant. The seller. The participant/person/organization that sold the object.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John paid Contoso Cable a monthly fee of $29.99 for his cable service.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John paid Contoso Cable a monthly fee of $29.99 for his cable service.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "price": "$29.99 per month",
  "purpose": {
    "@type": "Product",
    "name": "Premium Cable Package"
  },
  "vendor": {
    "@type": "Organization",
    "name": "Contoso Cable"
  }
}
</script>

Example 2

Original HTML:

John paid US$ 1,500 for a flight.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John paid US$ 1,500 for a flight.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "price": "US$ 1,500",
  "purpose": {
    "@type": "Flight",
    "name": "AA123"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > TradeAction > QuoteAction

An agent quotes/estimates/appraises an object/product/service with a price at a location/store.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from TradeAction
`price`	Number or Text	The offer price of a product, or of a price component when attached to PriceSpecification and its subtypes.
Properties from QuoteAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John quoted $50/hr for his plumbing services.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John quoted $50/hr for his plumbing services.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "GeneralContractor",
    "name": "plumbing"
  },
  "price": "$50/hr"
}
</script>

Example 2

Original HTML:

John quoted a flight for US$ 1,500.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John quoted a flight for US$ 1,500.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Flight",
    "name": "AA123"
  },
  "price": "US$ 1,500"
}
</script>

Thing > Action > TradeAction > RentAction

The act of giving money in return for temporary use, but not ownership, of an object such as a vehicle or property. For example, an agent rents a property from a landlord in exchange for a periodic payment.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from TradeAction
`price`	Number or Text	The offer price of a product, or of a price component when attached to PriceSpecification and its subtypes.
Properties from RentAction
`realEstateAgent`	RealEstateAgent	A sub property of participant. The real estate agent involved in the action.
`landlord`	Person or Organization	A sub property of participant. The owner of the real estate property. Sub property of destination or participant?

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John rented a house from Steve.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John rented a house from Steve.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Residence",
    "name": "Steve's place"
  },
  "landlord": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > TradeAction > SellAction

The act of taking money from a buyer in exchange for goods or services rendered. An agent sells an object, product, or service to a buyer for a price.

Related actions:

BuyAction: Reciprocal.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from TradeAction
`price`	Number or Text	The offer price of a product, or of a price component when attached to PriceSpecification and its subtypes.
Properties from SellAction
`buyer`	Person	A sub property of participant. The participant/person/organization that bought the object.
`warrantyPromise`	WarrantyPromise	The warranty promise(s) included in the offer.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John sold a rare albino banana for $3,000.00.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John sold a rare albino banana for $3,000.00.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Product",
    "name": "Rare Albino Banana"
  },
  "price": "$3,000.00"
}
</script>

Example 2

Original HTML:

John sold a Book on amazon.com.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John sold a Book on amazon.com.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Book",
    "name": "Outliers"
  },
  "instrument": {
    "@type": "Product",
    "name": "Amazon"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > TradeAction > TipAction

The act of giving money voluntarily to a beneficiary in recognition of services rendered.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from TradeAction
`price`	Number or Text	The offer price of a product, or of a price component when attached to PriceSpecification and its subtypes.
Properties from TipAction
`recipient`	Person or Organization or Audience	A sub property of participant. The participant who is at the receiving end of the action.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John tipped $10 to Steve.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John tipped $10 to Steve.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "price": "US$ 10",
  "recipient": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > TransferAction

The act of transferring/moving (abstract or concrete) animate or inanimate objects from one place to another.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from TransferAction
`fromLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The original location/index of the object or the agent before the action.
`toLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The final location/index of the object or the agent after the action.

More specific types

BorrowAction
DownloadAction
GiveAction
LendAction
ReceiveAction
ReturnAction
SendAction
TakeAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John transfered his store from Brazil to the USA.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John transfered his store from Brazil to the USA.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Store",
    "name": "John's pizzerie"
  },
  "fromLocation": {
    "@type": "Country",
    "name": "Brazil"
  },
  "toLocation": {
    "@type": "Country",
    "name": "USA"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > TransferAction > BorrowAction

The act of obtaining an object under an agreement to return it at a later date.

Related actions:

LendAction: Reciprocal of BorrowAction.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from TransferAction
`fromLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The original location/index of the object or the agent before the action.
`toLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The final location/index of the object or the agent after the action.
Properties from BorrowAction
`lender`	Person	A sub property of participant. The person that lends the object being borrowed.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John borrowed Steve's book.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John borrowed Steve's book.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Book",
    "name": "Outliers"
  },
  "lender": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > TransferAction > DownloadAction

The act of downloading an object.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from TransferAction
`fromLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The original location/index of the object or the agent before the action.
`toLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The final location/index of the object or the agent after the action.
Properties from DownloadAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John downloaded the java updates.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John downloaded the java updates.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "SoftwareApplication",
    "name": "Java Updates"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > TransferAction > GiveAction

The act of transferring ownership of an object to a destination.

Related actions:

TakeAction: Reciprocal of GiveAction.
SendAction: Unlike SendAction, GiveAction implies that ownership is being transferred (e.g. I may send my laptop to you, but that doesn't mean I'm giving it to you).

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from TransferAction
`fromLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The original location/index of the object or the agent before the action.
`toLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The final location/index of the object or the agent after the action.
Properties from GiveAction
`recipient`	Person or Organization or Audience	A sub property of participant. The participant who is at the receiving end of the action.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John gave a book to Steve.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John gave a book to Steve.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Book",
    "name": "Outliers"
  },
  "recipient": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > TransferAction > LendAction

The act of providing an object under an agreement that it will be returned at a later date.

Related actions:

BorrowAction: Reciprocal of LendAction.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from TransferAction
`fromLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The original location/index of the object or the agent before the action.
`toLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The final location/index of the object or the agent after the action.
Properties from LendAction
`borrower`	Person	A sub property of participant. The person that borrows the object being lent.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John lent $10 to Steve.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John lent $10 to Steve.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "price": "US$ 10",
  "recipient": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > TransferAction > ReceiveAction

The act of physically/electronically taking delivery of an object that has been transferred from an origin to a destination.

Related actions:

SendAction: The reciprocal of ReceiveAction.
TakeAction: Unlike TakeAction, ReceiveAction does not imply that the ownership has been transfered (e.g. I can receive a package, but it does not mean the package is now mine).

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from TransferAction
`fromLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The original location/index of the object or the agent before the action.
`toLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The final location/index of the object or the agent after the action.
Properties from ReceiveAction
`sender`	Person or Organization or Audience	A sub property of participant. The participant who is at the sending end of the action.
`deliveryMethod`	DeliveryMethod	A sub property of instrument. The method of delivery.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John received a book from Steve via UPS from Brazil to the USA.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John received a book from Steve via UPS from Brazil to the USA.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Book",
    "name": "Outliers"
  },
  "sender": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  },
  "deliveryMethod": {
    "@type": "DeliveryMethod",
    "name": "http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#UPS"
  },
  "fromLocation": {
    "@type": "Country",
    "name": "Brazil"
  },
  "toLocation": {
    "@type": "Country",
    "name": "USA"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > TransferAction > ReturnAction

The act of returning to the origin that which was previously received (concrete objects) or taken (ownership).

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from TransferAction
`fromLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The original location/index of the object or the agent before the action.
`toLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The final location/index of the object or the agent after the action.
Properties from ReturnAction
`recipient`	Person or Organization or Audience	A sub property of participant. The participant who is at the receiving end of the action.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John returned the book to Steve.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John returned the book to Steve.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Book",
    "name": "Outliers"
  },
  "recipient": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > TransferAction > SendAction

The act of physically/electronically dispatching an object for transfer from an origin to a destination.

Related actions:

ReceiveAction: The reciprocal of SendAction.
GiveAction: Unlike GiveAction, SendAction does not imply the transfer of ownership (e.g. I can send you my laptop, but I'm not necessarily giving it to you).

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from TransferAction
`fromLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The original location/index of the object or the agent before the action.
`toLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The final location/index of the object or the agent after the action.
Properties from SendAction
`recipient`	Person or Organization or Audience	A sub property of participant. The participant who is at the receiving end of the action.
`deliveryMethod`	DeliveryMethod	A sub property of instrument. The method of delivery.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John sent a book to Steve via UPS from Brazil to the USA.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John sent a book to Steve via UPS from Brazil to the USA.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Book",
    "name": "Outliers"
  },
  "recipient": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  },
  "deliveryMethod": {
    "@type": "DeliveryMethod",
    "name": "http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#UPS"
  },
  "fromLocation": {
    "@type": "Country",
    "name": "Brazil"
  },
  "toLocation": {
    "@type": "Country",
    "name": "USA"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > TransferAction > TakeAction

The act of gaining ownership of an object from an origin.

Related actions:

GiveAction: The reciprocal of TakeAction.
ReceiveAction: Unlike ReceiveAction, TakeAction implies that ownership has been transfered.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from TransferAction
`fromLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The original location/index of the object or the agent before the action.
`toLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The final location/index of the object or the agent after the action.
Properties from TakeAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John took a book from Steve.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John took a book from Steve.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Book",
    "name": "Outliers"
  },
  "recipient": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Steve"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > UpdateAction

The act of changing/editing the state of the object deliberately.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from UpdateAction
`collection`	Thing	A sub property of object. The collection target of the action.

More specific types

AddAction
DeleteAction
ReplaceAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John updated his movie collection.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John updated his movie collection.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "collection": {
    "@type": "ItemList",
    "name": "List of my favorite movies",
    "url": "http://netflix.com/john/favorite"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > UpdateAction > AddAction

The act of editing by adding an object to a collection.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from UpdateAction
`collection`	Thing	A sub property of object. The collection target of the action.
Properties from AddAction

More specific types

InsertAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John add a movie to his movie queue.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John add a movie to his movie queue.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Movie",
    "name": "The Internship"
  },
  "collection": {
    "@type": "ItemList",
    "name": "List of my favorite movies",
    "url": "http://netflix.com/john/favorite"
  }
}
</script>

Example 2

Original HTML:

John added SAAS to his skillset.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John added SAAS to his skillset.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "SoftwareApplication",
    "name": "SAAS"
  },
  "collection": {
    "@type": "ItemList",
    "name": "John's skillset",
    "url": "http://linkedn.com/john/skillset"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > UpdateAction > AddAction > InsertAction

The act of adding at a specific location in an ordered collection.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from UpdateAction
`collection`	Thing	A sub property of object. The collection target of the action.
Properties from AddAction
Properties from InsertAction
`toLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The final location/index of the object or the agent after the action.

More specific types

AppendAction
PrependAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John inserted a movie to his movie queue at the third slot.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John inserted a movie to his movie queue at the third slot.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Movie",
    "name": "The Internship"
  },
  "collection": {
    "@type": "ItemList",
    "name": "List of my favorite movies",
    "url": "http://netflix.com/john/favorite"
  },
  "toLocation": "3"
}
</script>

Thing > Action > UpdateAction > AddAction > InsertAction > AppendAction

The act of inserting at the end of an ordered collection.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from UpdateAction
`collection`	Thing	A sub property of object. The collection target of the action.
Properties from AddAction
Properties from InsertAction
`toLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The final location/index of the object or the agent after the action.
Properties from AppendAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John appended a movie to his movie queue.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John appended a movie to his movie queue.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Movie",
    "name": "The Internship"
  },
  "collection": {
    "@type": "ItemList",
    "name": "List of my favorite movies",
    "url": "http://netflix.com/john/favorite"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > UpdateAction > AddAction > InsertAction > PrependAction

The act of inserting at the beginning of an ordered collection.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from UpdateAction
`collection`	Thing	A sub property of object. The collection target of the action.
Properties from AddAction
Properties from InsertAction
`toLocation`	Place or Number	A sub property of location. The final location/index of the object or the agent after the action.
Properties from PrependAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John prepended a movie to his movie queue.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John prepended a movie to his movie queue.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Movie",
    "name": "The Internship"
  },
  "collection": {
    "@type": "ItemList",
    "name": "List of my favorite movies",
    "url": "http://netflix.com/john/favorite"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > UpdateAction > DeleteAction

The act of editing a collection by removing one of its objects.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from UpdateAction
`collection`	Thing	A sub property of object. The collection target of the action.
Properties from DeleteAction

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John deleted The Internship from his movie queue.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John deleted The Internship from his movie queue.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Movie",
    "name": "The Internship"
  },
  "collection": {
    "@type": "ItemList",
    "name": "List of my favorite movies",
    "url": "http://netflix.com/john/favorite"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > Action > UpdateAction > ReplaceAction

The act of editing a collection by replacing an old object with a new object.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Action
`status`	ActionStatus	The state that the action is at.
`handler`	ActionHandler	The handler that can execute this item.
`agent`	Person or Organization	The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). e.g. John wrote a book.
`endTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: end time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
`instrument`	Thing	The object that helped the agent perform the action. e.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
`location`	Place or PostalAddress	The location of the event, organization or action.
`object`	Thing	The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). e.g. John read a book.
`participant`	Person or Organization	Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. e.g. John wrote a book with Steve.
`result`	Thing	The result produced in the action. e.g. John wrote a book.
`startTime`	DateTime	When the Action was performed: start time. This is for actions that span a period of time. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December.
Properties from UpdateAction
`collection`	Thing	A sub property of object. The collection target of the action.
Properties from ReplaceAction
`replacer`	Thing	A sub property of object. The object that replaces.
`replacee`	Thing	A sub property of object. The object that is being replaced.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John replaced The Internship with The Wedding Crashers from his movie queue.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John replaced The Internship with The Wedding Crashers from his movie queue.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "replacee": {
    "@type": "Movie",
    "name": "The Internship"
  },
  "replacer": {
    "@type": "Movie",
    "name": "The Wedding Crashers"
  },
  "collection": {
    "@type": "ItemList",
    "name": "List of my favorite movies",
    "url": "http://netflix.com/john/favorite"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > ActionHandler

A machine-readable description of how to execute/fulfill an Action.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from ActionHandler

More specific types

ApplicationHandler
HttpHandler
WebPageHandler

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

Amazon proposes you buy a kindle on https://kindle.amazon.com/.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // Amazon proposes you buy a kindle on https://kindle.amazon.com/.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "@type": "BuyAction",
  "status": "PROPOSED",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Product",
    "name": "Kindle"
  },
  "price": "US$ 199",
  "handler": {
    "@type": "ActionHandler",
    "url": "https://kindle.amazon.com/"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > ActionHandler > ApplicationHandler

An ActionHandler that executes an Action via a native application.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from ActionHandler
Properties from ApplicationHandler
`application`	SoftwareApplication	TODO(goto): add comment!

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

Amazon proposes you buy a kindle on their native app.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // Amazon proposes you buy a kindle on their native app.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "@type": "BuyAction",
  "status": "PROPOSED",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Product",
    "name": "Kindle"
  },
  "price": "US$ 199",
  "handler": {
    "@type": "ApplicationHandler",
    "application": {
      "@type": "MobileApplication",
      "url": "https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.amazon.mShop.android",
      "name": "Amazon Mobile",
      "operatingSystem": "Android"
    }
  }
}
</script>

Thing > ActionHandler > HttpHandler

An ActionHandler that executes an action by calling a specific URL via a specific httpMethod.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from ActionHandler
Properties from HttpHandler
`httpMethod`	Text	POST or GET.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

Amazon proposes you buy a kindle via their APIs.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // Amazon proposes you buy a kindle via their APIs.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "@type": "BuyAction",
  "status": "PROPOSED",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Product",
    "name": "Kindle"
  },
  "price": "US$ 199",
  "handler": {
    "@type": "HttpHandler",
    "httpMethod": "POST",
    "url": "https://api.amazon.com/buy?product=Kindle"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > ActionHandler > WebPageHandler

An ActionHandler that executes an Action by taking the user to a specific webpage.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from ActionHandler
Properties from WebPageHandler

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

Amazon proposes you buy a kindle on their webpage.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // Amazon proposes you buy a kindle on their webpage.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "@type": "BuyAction",
  "status": "PROPOSED",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Product",
    "name": "Kindle"
  },
  "price": "US$ 199",
  "handler": {
    "@type": "WebPageHandler",
    "url": "https://kindle.amazon.com/"
  }
}
</script>

Thing > CreativeWork

The most generic kind of creative work, including books, movies, photographs, software programs, etc.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from CreativeWork

More specific types

Comment
Post

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

TODO(goto): write example.

Thing > CreativeWork > Comment

A comment on an item - for example, a comment on a blog post. The comment's content is expressed via the "text" property, and its topic via "about", properties shared with all CreativeWorks.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from CreativeWork
Properties from Comment

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

TODO(goto): write example.

Thing > CreativeWork > Post

A creative work created for consumption for an audience, such as a social network post or a blog post.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from CreativeWork
Properties from Post
`attachment`	CreativeWork	An object that is referenced from the creative work. The attachment can be a web page, a photo, etc.

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

TODO(goto): write example.

Thing > Enumeration

TODO(goto): add comment!

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Enumeration

More specific types

ActionStatus

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

TODO(goto): write example.

Thing > Enumeration > ActionStatus

The status of an Action. If an Action has an undefined status, it is assumed to be completed.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Enumeration
Properties from ActionStatus

More specific types

Cancelled
Completed
Pending
Proposed

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John bought a kindle.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John bought a kindle.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "status": "COMPLETED",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Product",
    "name": "Kindle"
  },
  "price": "US$ 199"
}
</script>

Thing > Enumeration > ActionStatus > Cancelled

The action is cancelled.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Enumeration
Properties from ActionStatus
Properties from Cancelled

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John cancelled the buying of a kindle.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John cancelled the buying of a kindle.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "status": "CANCELLED",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Product",
    "name": "Kindle"
  },
  "price": "US$ 199"
}
</script>

Thing > Enumeration > ActionStatus > Completed

The action is completed by the user.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Enumeration
Properties from ActionStatus
Properties from Completed

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John bought a kindle.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John bought a kindle.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "status": "COMPLETED",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Product",
    "name": "Kindle"
  },
  "price": "US$ 199"
}
</script>

Thing > Enumeration > ActionStatus > Pending

The action is requested by the user.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Enumeration
Properties from ActionStatus
Properties from Pending

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

John is buying a kindle.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // John is buying a kindle.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "status": "PENDING",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Product",
    "name": "Kindle"
  },
  "price": "US$ 199"
}
</script>

Thing > Enumeration > ActionStatus > Proposed

The Action is proposed to users.

Property	Expected Type	Description
Properties from Thing
`additionalType`	URL	An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`url`	URL	URL of the item.
`description`	Text	A short description of the item.
`image`	URL	URL of an image of the item.
`name`	Text	The name of the item.
Properties from Enumeration
Properties from ActionStatus
Properties from Proposed

Schema Draft Version 1.0a

Example 1

Original HTML:

Amazon proposes you buy a kindle.

With structured data:

<script type="application/ld+json">
  // Amazon proposes you buy a kindle.
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "@type": "BuyAction",
  "status": "PROPOSED",
  "object": {
    "@type": "Product",
    "name": "Kindle"
  },
  "price": "US$ 199"
}
</script>