--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/examples/eg-25-extended-crime-file-example/document/homepage Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/Eg-25-extended-crime-file-example
+http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/tip/examples/extended-crime-file-example
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/examples/eg-25-extended-crime-file-example/rdf/extended-crime-file-example.ttl Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+@prefix ex: <http://example.org#> .
+@prefix sioc: <http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#Post> .
+
+ex:accountPost{
+ ex:accountPost
+ a prov:Account
+ .
+ ex:derek
+ a prov:Agent;
+ a foaf:Person;
+ foaf:givenName "Derek"^^xsd:string;
+ foaf:mbox <mailto:dererk@example.org>;
+ prov:actedOnBehalfOf ex:chartgen
+ .
+ ex:monica
+ a prov:Agent;
+ a foaf:Person;
+ foaf:givenName "Monica"^^xsd:string;
+ foaf:mbox <mailto:monica@example.org>
+ .
+
+ ex:chartgen
+ a prov:Agent;
+ a prov:Organization;
+ foaf:name "Chart Generators"
+ .
+
+ ex:aggregatedByRegions
+ a prov:Entity;
+ prov:atLocation <file://Users/aggr.txt>
+ .
+
+ ex:post9821
+ a prov:Entity, sioc:Post;
+ prov:wasGeneratedBy ex:publicationActivity1123;
+ prov:atLocation ex:more-crime-happens-in-cities; ##PERMALINK of the post
+ ex:snapshotContent ex:postContent0; ##Snapshot with the content of this version
+ prov:qualifiedGeneration [
+ a prov:Generation;
+ prov:activity ex:publicationActivity1123;
+ prov:atTime "2011-07-16T01:52:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime;
+ prov:atLocation <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Madrid>.
+ ];
+ sioc:title "More crime happens in cities"^^xsd:string;
+ prov:hadOriginalSource ex:aggregatedByRegions;
+ prov:wasAttributedTo ex:dereck
+ .
+
+ ##Version 2 of the post
+ ex:post9821v1
+ a prov:Entity, sioc:Post;
+ prov:atLocation ex:more-crime-happens-in-cities; ##PERMALINK of the post
+ ex:snapshotContent ex:postContent1; ##Snapshot with the content of this version
+ prov:wasRevisionOf ex:post9821;
+ prov:specializationOf ex:post9821;
+ prov:wasAttributedTo ex:dereck
+ .
+
+ ##Rephrasing of the post in a new version
+ ex:post9821v2
+ a prov:Entity, sioc:Post;
+ prov:atLocation ex:more-crime-happens-in-cities-for-dummies; ##PERMALINK of the post
+ ex:snapshotContent ex:postContent2; ##Snapshot with the content of this version
+ prov:alternateOf ex:post9821v1;
+ prov:specializationOf ex:post9821;
+ prov:tracedTo ex:aggregatedByRegions; ##If the file hadn't existed, Monica would have not written the post
+ sioc:title "More crime happens in cities for dummies"^^xsd:string;
+ prov:wasAttributedTo ex:monica
+ .
+
+
+ <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Madrid>
+ a prov:Location
+ .
+
+ ex:publicationActivity1123
+ a prov:Activity;
+ prov:wasStartedAt "2011-07-16T01:01:01Z"^^xsd:dateTime;
+ prov:wasEndedAt "2011-07-16T01:52:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime;
+ prov:wasAssociatedWith ex:derek;
+ prov:used ex:aggregatedByRegions;
+ prov:generated ex:post9821;
+ prov:wasStartedBy ex:dereck;
+ prov:wasEndedBy ex:dereck
+ .
+}
+
+ex:accountPost2{
+ ex:accountPost2
+ a prov:Account;
+ prov:hasAnnotation ex:noteMadeByParser
+ .
+
+ ex:john
+ a prov:Agent
+ .
+
+ ex:post19201
+ a prov:Entity, sioc:Post;
+ prov:wasAttributedTo ex:john;
+ prov:atLocation ex:is-there-really-more-crime;
+ ex:snapshotContent ex:postContent3;
+ prov:wasQuotedFrom post9821v1, post9821v2;
+ prov:hadOriginalSource ex:aggregatedByRegions
+ .
+}
+
+ex:noteMadeByParser{
+ ex:noteMadeByParser
+ a prov:Note;
+ prov:wasAttributedTo ex:boogleParser
+ .
+
+ ex:boogleParser
+ a prov:SoftwareAgent;
+ prov:actedOnBehalfOf ex:boogle
+ .
+ ex:boogle
+ a prov:Organization
+ .
+
+ ex:accountPost2
+ ex:parsedDate "2011-08-16T00:00:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime
+ .
+}
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/examples/eg-25-extended-crime-file-example/rdf/extended-crime-file-pt1.ttl Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+@prefix ex: <http://example.org#> .
+@prefix sioc: <http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#Post> .
+
+ex:accountPost{
+ ex:accountPost
+ a prov:Account
+ .
+ ex:derek
+ a prov:Agent;
+ a foaf:Person;
+ foaf:givenName "Derek"^^xsd:string;
+ foaf:mbox <mailto:dererk@example.org>;
+ prov:actedOnBehalfOf ex:chartgen
+ .
+ ex:monica
+ a prov:Agent;
+ a foaf:Person;
+ foaf:givenName "Monica"^^xsd:string;
+ foaf:mbox <mailto:monica@example.org>
+ .
+
+ ex:chartgen
+ a prov:Agent;
+ a prov:Organization;
+ foaf:name "Chart Generators"
+ .
+
+ ex:aggregatedByRegions
+ a prov:Entity;
+ prov:atLocation <file://Users/aggr.txt>
+ .
+
+ ex:post9821
+ a prov:Entity, sioc:Post;
+ prov:wasGeneratedBy ex:publicationActivity1123;
+ prov:atLocation ex:more-crime-happens-in-cities; ##PERMALINK of the post
+ ex:snapshotContent ex:postContent0; ##Snapshot with the content of this version
+ prov:qualifiedGeneration [
+ a prov:Generation;
+ prov:activity ex:publicationActivity1123;
+ prov:atTime "2011-07-16T01:52:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime;
+ prov:atLocation <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Madrid>.
+ ];
+ sioc:title "More crime happens in cities"^^xsd:string;
+ prov:hadOriginalSource ex:aggregatedByRegions;
+ prov:wasAttributedTo ex:dereck
+ .
+
+ ##Version 2 of the post
+ ex:post9821v1
+ a prov:Entity, sioc:Post;
+ prov:atLocation ex:more-crime-happens-in-cities; ##PERMALINK of the post
+ ex:snapshotContent ex:postContent1; ##Snapshot with the content of this version
+ prov:wasRevisionOf ex:post9821;
+ prov:specializationOf ex:post9821;
+ prov:wasAttributedTo ex:dereck
+ .
+
+ ##Rephrasing of the post in a new version
+ ex:post9821v2
+ a prov:Entity, sioc:Post;
+ prov:atLocation ex:more-crime-happens-in-cities-for-dummies; ##PERMALINK of the post
+ ex:snapshotContent ex:postContent2; ##Snapshot with the content of this version
+ prov:alternateOf ex:post9821v1;
+ prov:specializationOf ex:post9821;
+ prov:tracedTo ex:aggregatedByRegions; ##If the file hadn't existed, Monica would have not written the post
+ sioc:title "More crime happens in cities for dummies"^^xsd:string;
+ prov:wasAttributedTo ex:monica
+ .
+
+
+ <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Madrid>
+ a prov:Location
+ .
+
+ ex:publicationActivity1123
+ a prov:Activity;
+ prov:wasStartedAt "2011-07-16T01:01:01Z"^^xsd:dateTime;
+ prov:wasEndedAt "2011-07-16T01:52:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime;
+ prov:wasAssociatedWith ex:derek;
+ prov:used ex:aggregatedByRegions;
+ prov:generated ex:post9821;
+ prov:wasStartedBy ex:dereck;
+ prov:wasEndedBy ex:dereck
+ .
+}
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/examples/eg-25-extended-crime-file-example/rdf/extended-crime-file-pt2.ttl Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+@prefix ex: <http://example.org#> .
+@prefix sioc: <http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#Post> .
+
+ex:accountPost2{
+ ex:accountPost2
+ a prov:Account;
+ prov:hasAnnotation ex:noteMadeByParser
+ .
+
+ ex:john
+ a prov:Agent
+ .
+
+ ex:post19201
+ a prov:Entity, sioc:Post;
+ prov:wasAttributedTo ex:john;
+ prov:wasQuotedFrom post9821v1, post9821v2;
+ prov:hadOriginalSource ex:aggregatedByRegions
+ .
+}
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/examples/eg-25-extended-crime-file-example/rdf/extended-crime-file-pt3.ttl Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+@prefix ex: <http://example.org#> .
+@prefix sioc: <http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#Post> .
+
+ex:noteMadeByParser{
+ ex:noteMadeByParser
+ a prov:Note;
+ prov:wasAttributedTo ex:boogleParser
+ .
+
+ ex:boogleParser
+ a prov:SoftwareAgent;
+ prov:actedOnBehalfOf ex:boogle
+ .
+ ex:boogle
+ a prov:Organization
+ .
+
+ ex:accountPost2
+ ex:parsedDate "2011-08-16T00:00:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime
+ .
+}
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/examples/eg-26-provo-collections-narrative/document/homepage Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/Eg-26-provo-collections-narrative
+http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/tip/examples/eg-26-provo-collections-narrative
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/examples/eg-26-provo-collections-narrative/rdf/eg-26-provo-collections-narrative.ttl Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
+@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
+@prefix sd: <http://www.w3.org/ns/sparql-service-description#> .
+@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#> .
+@prefix void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#> .
+@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/tip/examples/eg-26-provo-collections-narrative/rdf/eg-26-provo-collections-narrative.ttl#> .
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/examples/eg-26-provo-collections-narrative/rdf/eg-26-provo-collections-narrative.ttl.sd_name Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,1 @@
+http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/tip/examples/eg-26-provo-collections-narrative/rdf/eg-26-provo-collections-narrative.ttl
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/examples/eg-26-provo-collections-narrative/rdf/insertion.ttl Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.org/> .
+
+:e1 a prov:Entity .
+:e2 a prov:Entity .
+:c a prov:EmptyCollection .
+:c1 a prov:Collection ;
+ prov:derivedByInsertionFrom :c ;
+ prov:qualifiedInsertion [ a prov:Insertion ;
+ prov:collection :c ;
+ prov:inserted [ a prov:KeyValuePair ;
+ prov:key "k1"^^xsd:string ;
+ prov:value :e1 ;
+ ], [ a prov:KeyValuePair ;
+ prov:key "k2"^^xsd:string ;
+ prov:value :e2 ;
+ ]
+ ] .
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/examples/eg-26-provo-collections-narrative/rdf/membership.ttl Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.org/> .
+
+:e1 a prov:Entity .
+:e2 a prov:Entity .
+
+:c1 a prov:Collection;
+ prov:membership [
+ a prov:Membership;
+ prov:member [
+ a prov:KeyValuePair;
+ prov:key "k1"^^xsd:string;
+ prov:value :e1
+ ], [
+ a prov:KeyValuePair;
+ prov:key "k2"^^xsd:string;
+ prov:value :e2
+ ];
+ ];
+.
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/examples/eg-26-provo-collections-narrative/rdf/removal.ttl Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.org/> .
+
+:c2 a prov:Collection .
+:c3 a prov:Collection ;
+ prov:derivedByRemovalFrom :c2 ;
+ prov:qualifiedRemoval [ a prov:Removal ;
+ prov:collection :c2 ;
+ prov:removed "k1"^^xsd:string, "k3"^^xsd:string
+ ] .
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/examples/eg-27-small-command-line/readme.txt Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Example of modelling a zip command line
+- This is taken from the Data2Semantics project converting a database to RDF.
+- You can find the complete provenance information at https://github.com/Data2Semantics/raw2ld/blob/master/provenance/
+- Thanks to Rinke Hoekstra who did the big example pointed to above from which this is extracted
+- Note, there may be some differences between this example and the one from d2s project
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/examples/eg-27-small-command-line/ttl/eg-27.ttl Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix : <http://aers.data2semantics.org/provenance/> .
+@prefix xml: <http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace> .
+@prefix d2s-prov: <http://www.data2semantics.org/provenance-ontology/> .
+@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
+@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@base <http://aers.data2semantics.org/provenance/> .
+
+
+### http://www.data2semantics.org/provenance-ontology/Unzip
+
+d2s-prov:Unzip rdf:type owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:label "Unzip"@en ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o/Activity> ;
+ rdfs:comment "Activity that unzips a binary zipped-file"@en .
+
+
+:File rdf:type owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:label "File"@en ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o/Entity> .
+
+:aers_asci_2011q1zip rdf:type d2s-prov:File ,
+ owl:NamedIndividual ;
+
+ rdfs:label "aers_asci_2011q1.zip"@en.
+
+:unzip_aers_ascii_2011q1zip rdf:type d2s-prov:Unzip,
+ owl:NamedIndividual;
+
+ rdfs:label "unzip_aers_ascii_2011q1.zip"@en;
+ <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o/used> :aers_asci_2011q1zip ;
+ <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o/wasScheduledAfter> :download_aers_ascii_2011q1zip ;
+ <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o/wasControlledBy> <http://www.few.vu.nl/~hoekstra> .
--- a/model/Makefile Fri Apr 20 01:10:42 2012 +0100
+++ b/model/Makefile Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
cat $(WORKDIR)/prov-dm-constraints.xhtml | sed -e "s/&le/le/g" | sed -e "s/&cup/cup/g" | sed -e "s/&ge/ge/g" | grep -v "/html" > $(WORKDIR)/prov-dm-constraints-2.xhtml
csplit -f $(WORKDIR)/out $(WORKDIR)/prov-dm-2.xhtml /body/
echo "<html>" > $(WORKDIR)/all-divs.html
- xpath $(WORKDIR)/out01 .//div[@class] >> $(WORKDIR)/all-divs.html
+ xpath $(WORKDIR)/out01 .//div >> $(WORKDIR)/all-divs.html
csplit -f $(WORKDIR)/out $(WORKDIR)/prov-dm-constraints-2.xhtml /body/
xpath $(WORKDIR)/out01 .//div[@class] >> $(WORKDIR)/all-divs.html
xpath $(WORKDIR)/out01 .//span[@class] >> $(WORKDIR)/all-divs.html
--- a/model/all-divs.js Fri Apr 20 01:10:42 2012 +0100
+++ b/model/all-divs.js Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -3,102 +3,136 @@
// with <script src="all-divs.js" class="remove"></script>
//Insert glossary definitions with the following
// <div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-generation"></div>
-divs_hg='http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/baac41bffc1f/model/prov-dm.html';
+divs_hg='http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/4482fa5dd39f/model/prov-dm.html';
divs_string=
'<html> \n' +
-'<div class="note"> \n' +
-' TO EDIT \n' +
-' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' TO EDIT \n' +
-' </div><div class="buttonpanel"> \n' +
-' <form action="#"> \n' +
-' <p> \n' +
-' <input id="hide-asn" onclick="set_display_by_class(\'div\',\'withAsn\',\'none\');set_display_by_class(\'span\',\'withAsn\',\'none\'); set_display_by_id(\'hide-asn\',\'none\'); set_display_by_id(\'show-asn\',\'\');" type="button" value="Hide ASN" /> <input id="show-asn" onclick="set_display_by_class(\'div\',\'withAsn\',\'\'); set_display_by_class(\'span\',\'withAsn\',\'\'); set_display_by_id(\'hide-asn\',\'\'); set_display_by_id(\'show-asn\',\'none\');" style="display: none" type="button" value="Show ASN" /> \n' +
-' </p> \n' +
-' </form> \n' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> \n' +
-' There is a desire to use a single namespace that all specifications of the \n' +
-' PROV family can share to refer to common provenance terms. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/224">ISSUE-224</a>. \n' +
+'<div style="text-align: left;"> \n' +
+' <table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> \n' +
+' <caption id="namespace-table"> \n' +
+' Table 1: Prefix and Namespaces used in this specification \n' +
+' </caption> \n' +
+' <tr> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>prefix</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' namespace uri \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' definition \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>prov</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' http://www.w3.org/ns/prov# \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' The PROV namespace (see Section <a href="#term-NamespaceDeclaration">4.7.1</a>) \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>xsd</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' http://www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema# \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' XML Schema Namespace [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]] \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>rdf</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns# \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' The RDF namespace [[!RDF-CONCEPTS]] \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>(others)</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' (various) \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' All other namespace prefixes are used in examples only. <br /> In \n' +
+' particular, URIs starting with "http://example.com" represent<br /> \n' +
+' some application-dependent URI [[!URI]] \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' </table> \n' +
' </div><div class="glossary-ref"> \n' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="entity-example"> \n' +
+' </div><div class="conceptexample" id="entity-example"> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
-' An entity may be the document at URI <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>, \n' +
-' a file in a file system, a car or an idea. \n' +
+' An entity may be the document at URI <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17526723">http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17526723</a>, \n' +
+' a file in a file system, a car, or an idea. \n' +
' </p> \n' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="activity-example"> \n' +
+' </div><div class="conceptexample" id="activity-example"> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
-' An activity may be the publishing of a document on the web, sending a \n' +
-' twitter message, extracting metadata embedded in a file, or driving a \n' +
-' car from Boston to Cambridge, assembling a data set based on a set of \n' +
+' An activity may be the publishing of a document on the Web, sending a \n' +
+' twitter message, extracting metadata embedded in a file, driving a car \n' +
+' from Boston to Cambridge, assembling a data set based on a set of \n' +
' measurements, performing a statistical analysis over a data set, sorting \n' +
' news items according to some criteria, running a SPARQL query over a \n' +
-' triple store, and editing a file. \n' +
-' </p> \n' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="agent-example"> \n' +
-' <p> \n' +
-' Software for checking the use of grammar in a document may be defined as \n' +
-' an agent of a document preparation activity, and at the same time one \n' +
-' can describe its provenance, including for instance the vendor and the \n' +
-' version history. \n' +
+' triple store, or editing a file. \n' +
' </p> \n' +
' </div><div class="glossary-ref"> \n' +
' </div><div class="glossary-ref"> \n' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="generation-example"> \n' +
-' Examples of generation are the completed creation of a file by a program, \n' +
-' the completed creation of a linked data set, and the completed publication \n' +
-' of a new version of a document. \n' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="usage-example"> \n' +
-' Usage examples include a procedure beginning to consume an argument, a \n' +
-' service starting to read a value on a port, a program beginning to read a \n' +
-' configuration file, or the point at which an ingredient, such as eggs, is \n' +
-' being added in a baking activity. Usage may entirely consume an entity \n' +
-' (e.g. eggs are no longer available after being added to the mix); \n' +
-' alternatively, a same entity may be used multiple times, possibly by \n' +
-' different activities (e.g. a file on a file system can be read \n' +
-' indefinitely). \n' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="derivation-example"> \n' +
+' </div><div class="conceptexample" id="generation-example"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' Examples of generation are the completed creation of a file by a \n' +
+' program, the completed creation of a linked data set, and the completed \n' +
+' publication of a new version of a document. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+' </div><div class="conceptexample" id="usage-example"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' Usage examples include a procedure beginning to consume an argument, a \n' +
+' service starting to read a value on a port, a program beginning to read \n' +
+' a configuration file, or the point at which an ingredient, such as eggs, \n' +
+' is being added in a baking activity. Usage may entirely consume an \n' +
+' entity (e.g. eggs are no longer available after being added to the mix); \n' +
+' alternatively, the same entity may be used multiple times, possibly by \n' +
+' different activities (e.g. a file on a file system can be read \n' +
+' indefinitely). \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+' </div><div class="conceptexample" id="derivation-example"> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
' Examples of derivation include the transformation of a relational table \n' +
' into a linked data set, the transformation of a canvas into a painting, \n' +
' the transportation of a work of art from London to New York, and a \n' +
' physical transformation such as the melting of ice into water. \n' +
' </p> \n' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="plan-example"> \n' +
+' </div><div class="conceptexample" id="agent-example"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' Software for checking the use of grammar in a document may be defined as \n' +
+' an agent of a document preparation activity, and at the same time one \n' +
+' can describe its provenance, including for instance the vendor and the \n' +
+' version history. A site selling books on the Web, the services involved \n' +
+' in the processing of orders, and the companies hosting them are also \n' +
+' agents. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+' </div><div class="conceptexample" id="plan-example"> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
' A plan can be a blog post tutorial for how to set up a web server, a \n' +
' list of instructions for a micro-processor execution, a cook\'s written \n' +
' recipe for a chocolate cake, or a workflow for a scientific experiment. \n' +
' </p> \n' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="collection-example"> \n' +
-' <p> \n' +
-' An example of collection is an archive of documents. Each document has \n' +
-' its own provenance, but the archive itself also has some provenance: who \n' +
-' maintained it, which documents it contained at which point in time, how \n' +
-' it was assembled, etc. \n' +
-' </p> \n' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="account-example"> \n' +
+' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="conceptexample" id="attribution-example"> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
-' Having found a resource, a user may want to retrieve its provenance. For \n' +
-' users to decide whether they can place their trust in that resource, \n' +
-' they may want to analyze its provenance, but also determine who the \n' +
-' provenance is attributed to, and when it was generated. Hence, from the \n' +
-' PROV-DM data model, the provenance is regarded as an entity, an \n' +
-' AccountEntity, for which provenance can be sought. \n' +
+' A blog post can be attributed to an author, a mobile phone to its \n' +
+' manufacturer. \n' +
' </p> \n' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="software-agents-example"> \n' +
+' </div><div class="conceptexample" id="association-example"> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
-' Even software agents can be assigned some responsibility for the effects \n' +
-' they have in the world, so for example if one is using a Text Editor and \n' +
-' one\'s laptop crashes, then one would say that the Text Editor was \n' +
-' responsible for crashing the laptop. If one invokes a service to buy a \n' +
-' book, that service can be considered responsible for drawing funds from \n' +
-' one\'s bank to make the purchase (the company that runs the service and \n' +
-' the web site would also be responsible, but the point here is that we \n' +
-' assign some measure of responsibility to software as well). \n' +
-' </p> \n' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="association-example"> \n' +
-' <p> \n' +
-' Examples of association between an activity and agent are: \n' +
+' Examples of association between an activity and an agent are: \n' +
' </p> \n' +
' <ul> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
@@ -112,10 +146,11 @@
' a public event, sponsored by a company, and hosted by a museum; \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' an XSLT transform initiated by a user; \n' +
+' an XSLT transform launched by a user based on an XSL style sheet (a \n' +
+' plan). \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' </ul> \n' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="responsibilityChain-example"> \n' +
+' </div><div class="conceptexample" id="responsibility-example"> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
' A student publishing a web page describing an academic department could \n' +
' result in both the student and the department being agents associated \n' +
@@ -123,24 +158,520 @@
' page but it matters a lot that the department told the student to put up \n' +
' the web page. \n' +
' </p> \n' +
-' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' TODO: short text required to explain the overview diagram \n' +
-' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' Illustration to be hand crafted instead of being generated automatically. \n' +
-' It\'s important to adopt a common style for all illustrations across all \n' +
-' PROV documents. \n' +
-' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-entity"> \n' +
-' An entity<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">entity(id, [ \n' +
-' attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-ASN, </span> contains: \n' +
+' </div><div class="conceptexample" id="collection-example"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' An example of collection is an archive of documents. Each document has \n' +
+' its own provenance, but the archive itself also has some provenance: who \n' +
+' maintained it, which documents it contained at which point in time, how \n' +
+' it was assembled, etc. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+' </div><div class="conceptexample" id="account-example"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' For users to decide whether they can place their trust in a resource, \n' +
+' they may want to analyze the resource\'s provenance, but also determine \n' +
+' who its provenance is attributed to, and when it was generated. In other \n' +
+' words, users need to be able to determine the provenance of provenance. \n' +
+' Hence, provenance is also regarded as an entity (of type Account), by \n' +
+' which provenance of provenance can then be expressed. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+' </div><div style="text-align: left;"> \n' +
+' <table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> \n' +
+' <caption id="overview-types-and-relations"> \n' +
+' Table 2: Mapping of Provenance concepts to types and relations \n' +
+' </caption> \n' +
+' <tr> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a><b>PROV Concepts</b></a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <b>PROV-DM types or relations</b> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <b>Name</b> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Entity</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td rowspan="3"> \n' +
+' PROV-DM Types \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="dfn-Entity">entity</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Activity</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="dfn-Activity">activity</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Agent</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="dfn-agent">agent</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Generation</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td rowspan="6"> \n' +
+' PROV-DM Relations \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="wasGeneratedBy">wasGeneratedBy</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Usage</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="used">used</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Attribution</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="wasAttributedTo">wasAttributedTo</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Association</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="wasAssociatedWith">wasAssociatedWith</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Responsibility</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="actedOnBehalfOf">actedOnBehalfOf</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Derivation</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="wasDerivedFrom">wasDerivedFrom</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' </table> \n' +
+' </div><div style="text-align: center; "> \n' +
+' <img src="images/OverviewDiagram.png" alt="Simplified Overview of PROV-DM" style="max-width: 70%; " /> Figure 1: Simplified Overview of PROV-DM \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' An activity with identifier <span class="name">a1</span> and an \n' +
+' attribute <span class="name">type</span> with value <span class="name">createFile</span>. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'activity(a1, [prov:type="createFile"]) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' Two entities with identifiers <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>. \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'entity(e1) \n' +
+'entity(e2) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' The activity <span class="name">a1</span> used <span class="name">e1</span>, \n' +
+' and <span class="name">e2</span> was generated by <span class="name">a1</span>. \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'used(a1,e1) \n' +
+'wasGeneratedBy(e2,a1) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' The same description, but with an explicit identifier <span class="name">u1</span> \n' +
+' for the usage, and the syntactic marker <span class="name">-</span> to \n' +
+' mark the absence of identifier in the generation. \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'used(u1,a1,e1) \n' +
+'wasGeneratedBy(-,e2,a1) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' </div><div style="text-align: center; "> \n' +
+' <img src="images/w3-publication3.png" alt="Provenance of a Document (1)" style="max-width: 98%; " /> Figure 2: Provenance of a Document (1) \n' +
+' </div><div style="text-align: center;"> \n' +
+' <img src="images/w3-publication1.png" alt="Provenance of a Document (2)" style="max-width: 90%; " /> Figure 3: Provenance of a Document (2) \n' +
+' </div><div id="prov-dm-components-ul"> \n' +
' <ul> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">id</span>: an identifier identifying an \n' +
+' <b>Component 1: entities and activities.</b> The first component \n' +
+' consists of entities, activities, and concepts linking them, such as \n' +
+' generation, usage, start, end. The first component is the only one \n' +
+' comprising time-related concepts. \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <b>Component 2: agents and responsibility.</b> The second component \n' +
+' consists of agents and concepts ascribing responsibility to agents. \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <b>Component 3: derivations.</b> The third component is formed with \n' +
+' derivations and derivation subtypes. \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <b>Component 4: alternate.</b> The fourth component consists of \n' +
+' relations linking entities referring to the same thing. \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <b>Component 5: collections.</b> The fifth component is about \n' +
+' collections and concepts capturing their transformation, such as \n' +
+' insertion and removal. \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <b>Component 6: annotations.</b> The sixth component is concerned with \n' +
+' annotations to PROV-DM instances. \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' </ul> \n' +
+' </div><div style="text-align: center;"> \n' +
+' <img src="images/components.png" alt="PROV-DM Components" style="max-width: 90%; " /> <map id="componentMap"> \n' +
+' <area title="collections" href="#component5" coords="220,0,440,70" alt="collections" shape="rect" /> \n' +
+' <area title="alternate" href="#component4" coords="450,0,510,140" alt="alternate" shape="rect" /> \n' +
+' <area title="annotations" href="#component6" coords="530,0,590,220" alt="annotations" shape="rect" /> \n' +
+' <area title="activities/entities" href="#component1" coords="80,150,510,220" alt="activities/entities" shape="rect" /> \n' +
+' <area title="derivations" href="#component3" coords="80,0,210,70" alt="derivations" shape="rect" /> \n' +
+' <area title="agents/responsibility" href="#component2" coords="0,0,70,220" alt="agents/responsibility" shape="rect" /></map> \n' +
+' Figure 4: PROV-DM Components \n' +
+' </div><div id="relations-at-a-glance-div" style="text-align: center;"> \n' +
+' <table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> \n' +
+' <caption id="relations-at-a-glance"> \n' +
+' Table 3: PROV-DM Relations At a Glance \n' +
+' </caption> \n' +
+' <tr> \n' +
+' <td /> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' Entity \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' Activity \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' Agent \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' Note \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' Entity \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <div class="component3-color"> \n' +
+' <a>wasDerivedFrom</a><br /><a>wasRevisionOf</a><br /><a>wasQuotedFrom</a><br /><a>hadOriginalSource</a> \n' +
+' </div> \n' +
+' <div class="component4-color"> \n' +
+' <a>alternateOf</a><br /><a>specializationOf</a> \n' +
+' </div> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td class="component1-color"> \n' +
+' <a title="wasGeneratedBy">wasGeneratedBy</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td class="component2-color"> \n' +
+' <a>wasAttributedTo</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td class="component6-color"> \n' +
+' <a>hasAnnotation</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' Activity \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <div class="component1-color"> \n' +
+' <a>used</a><br /><a>wasStartedBy</a><br /><a>wasEndedBy</a> \n' +
+' </div> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td class="component1-color"> \n' +
+' <a>wasStartedByActivity</a><br /><a>wasInformedBy</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td class="component2-color"> \n' +
+' <a>wasAssociatedWith</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td class="component6-color"> \n' +
+' <a>hasAnnotation</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' Agent \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td class="component2-color"> \n' +
+' <a>actedOnBehalfOf</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td class="component6-color"> \n' +
+' <a>hasAnnotation</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' Note \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td class="component6-color"> \n' +
+' <a>hasAnnotation</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' </table> \n' +
+' </div><div class="component3-color"> \n' +
+' <a>wasDerivedFrom</a><br /><a>wasRevisionOf</a><br /><a>wasQuotedFrom</a><br /><a>hadOriginalSource</a> \n' +
+' </div><div class="component4-color"> \n' +
+' <a>alternateOf</a><br /><a>specializationOf</a> \n' +
+' </div><div class="component1-color"> \n' +
+' <a>used</a><br /><a>wasStartedBy</a><br /><a>wasEndedBy</a> \n' +
+' </div><div id="prov-dm-types-and-relations" style="text-align: left;"> \n' +
+' <table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> \n' +
+' <caption id="prov-dm-types-and-relations_"> \n' +
+' Table 4: PROV-DM Types and Relations \n' +
+' </caption> \n' +
+' <tr> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a><b>Type or Relation Name</b></a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <b>Representation in the PROV-N notation</b> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr class="component1-color"> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Entity</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="dfn-Entity">entity(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr class="component1-color"> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Activity</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="dfn-Activity">activity(id, st, et, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr class="component1-color"> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Generation</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="wasGeneratedBy">wasGeneratedBy(id,e,a,t,attrs)</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr class="component1-color"> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Usage</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="used">used(id,a,e,t,attrs)</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr class="component1-color"> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Start</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="wasStartedBy">wasStartedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs)</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr class="component1-color"> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>End</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="wasEndedBy">wasEndedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs)</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr class="component1-color"> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Communication</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="wasInformedBy">wasInformedBy(id,a2,a1,attrs)</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr class="component1-color"> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Start by Activity</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="wasStartedByActivity">wasStartedByActivity(id, a2, a1, \n' +
+' attrs)</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr class="component2-color"> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Agent</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="dfn-agent">agent(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr class="component2-color"> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Attribution</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="wasAttributedTo">wasAttributedTo(id,e,ag,attr)</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr class="component2-color"> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Association</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="wasAssociatedWith">wasAssociatedWith(id,a,ag,pl,attrs)</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr class="component2-color"> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Responsibility</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="actedOnBehalfOf">actedOnBehalfOf(id,ag2,ag1,a,attrs)</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr class="component3-color"> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Derivation</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="wasDerivedFrom">wasDerivedFrom(id, e2, e1, a, g2, u1, \n' +
+' attrs)</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr class="component3-color"> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Revision</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="wasRevisionOf">wasRevisionOf(id,e2,e1,ag,attrs)</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr class="component3-color"> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Quotation</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="wasQuotedFrom">wasQuotedFrom(id,e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr class="component3-color"> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Original Source</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="hadOriginalSource">hadOriginalSource(id,e2,e1,attrs)</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr class="component3-color"> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Traceability</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="tracedTo">tracedTo(id,e2,e1,attrs)</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr class="component4-color"> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Alternate</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="alternateOf">alternateOf(alt1, alt2)</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr class="component4-color"> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Specialization</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="specializationOf">specializationOf(sub, super)</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr class="component5-color"> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Collection</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Collection</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr class="component5-color"> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Insertion</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="derivedByInsertionFrom">derivedByInsertionFrom(id, c2, c1, \n' +
+' {(key_1, e_1), ..., (key_n, e_n)}, attrs)</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr class="component5-color"> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Removal</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="derivedByRemovalFrom">derivedByRemovalFrom(id, c2, c1, \n' +
+' {key_1, ... key_n}, attrs)</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr class="component5-color"> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Membership</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="memberOf">memberOf(c, {(key_1, e_1), ..., (key_n, e_n)})</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr class="component6-color"> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Note</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="dfn-note">note(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' <tr class="component6-color"> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a>Annotation</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' <td> \n' +
+' <a title="hasAnnotation">hasAnnotation(r,n)</a> \n' +
+' </td> \n' +
+' </tr> \n' +
+' </table> \n' +
+' </div><div style="text-align: center;"> \n' +
+' <img src="images/Entities-Activities.png" alt="entities and activities" /> \n' +
+' Figure 5: Entities and Activities Component Overview \n' +
+' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-entity"> \n' +
+' An <dfn title="dfn-Entity" id="dfn-entity">entity</dfn><span class="withPn">, \n' +
+' written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-entity">entity(id, [attr1=val1, \n' +
+' ...])</span> in PROV-N, </span> has: \n' +
+' <ul> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="entity.id">id</span>: an identifier for an \n' +
' entity; \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of \n' +
-' attribute-value pairs representing this entity\'s situation in the \n' +
-' world. \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="entity.attributes">attributes</span>: an \n' +
+' OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs ((<span class="name">attr1</span>, \n' +
+' <span class="name">val1</span>), ...) representing additional \n' +
+' information about this entity. \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' </ul> \n' +
' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
@@ -151,9 +682,10 @@
'entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ]) \n' +
'</pre> \n' +
' states the existence of an entity, denoted by identifier <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>, \n' +
-' with type <span class="name">document</span> and version number <span class="name">2</span>. The attributes <span class="name">ex:version</span> \n' +
+' with type <span class="name">document</span> and version number <span class="name">2</span>. The attribute <span class="name">ex:version</span> \n' +
' is application specific, whereas the attribute <span class="name">type</span> \n' +
-' is reserved in the PROV-DM namespace. \n' +
+' (see <a href="#term-attribute-type">Section 4.7.4.4</a>) is reserved in \n' +
+' the <a title="prov-namespace">PROV namespace</a>. \n' +
' <!-- The following expression</p> <pre class="codeexample"> \n' +
' entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ]) \n' +
' entity(e0, [ prov:type="File", ex:path="/shared/crime.txt", \n' +
@@ -163,39 +695,31 @@
' class="name">/shared/crime.txt</span> in the file system, and creator \n' +
' alice. The attributes <span class="name">path</span> and <span \n' +
' class="name">creator</span> are application specific, whereas the \n' +
-' attribute <span class="name">type</span> is reserved in the PROV-DM \n' +
+' attribute <span class="name">type</span> is reserved in the PROV \n' +
' namespace. --> \n' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> \n' +
-' The characterization interval of an entity is currently implicit. Making \n' +
-' it explicit would allow us to define wasComplementOf more precisely. \n' +
-' Beginning and end of characterization interval could be expressed by \n' +
-' attributes (similarly to activities). How do we define the end of an \n' +
-' entity? This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/204">ISSUE-204</a>. \n' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> \n' +
-' There is still some confusion about what the identifiers really denote. \n' +
-' For instance, are they entity identifiers or entity record identifiers. \n' +
-' This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/183">ISSUE-183</a>. \n' +
-' An example and questions appear in <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/215">ISSUE-215</a>. A \n' +
-' related issued is also raised in <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/145">ISSUE-145</a>. \n' +
' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-activity"> \n' +
-' An activity<span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">activity(id, \n' +
-' st, et, [ attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains: \n' +
+' An <dfn title="dfn-Activity" id="dfn-activity">activity</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-activity">activity(id, \n' +
+' st, et, [attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-N,</span> has: \n' +
' <ul> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">id</span>: an identifier identifying an \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="activity.id">id</span>: an identifier for \n' +
+' an activity; \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="activity.startTime">startTime</span>: an \n' +
+' OPTIONAL time (<span class="name">st</span>) for the start of the \n' +
' activity; \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">startTime</span>: an OPTIONAL time for the \n' +
-' start of the activity; \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="activity.endTime">endTime</span>: an \n' +
+' OPTIONAL time (<span class="name">et</span>) for the end of the \n' +
+' activity; \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">endTime</span>: an OPTIONAL time for the end \n' +
-' of the activity; \n' +
-' </li> \n' +
-' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of \n' +
-' attribute-value pairs for this activity. \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="activity.attributes">attributes</span>: an \n' +
+' OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs ((<span class="name">attr1</span>, \n' +
+' <span class="name">val1</span>), ...) representing additional \n' +
+' information about this activity. \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' </ul> \n' +
' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
@@ -213,104 +737,35 @@
' The attribute <span class="name">host</span> is application specific \n' +
' (declared in some namespace with prefix <span class="name">ex</span>). \n' +
' The attribute <span class="name">type</span> is a reserved attribute of \n' +
-' PROV-DM, allowing for sub-typing to be expressed. \n' +
+' PROV-DM, allowing for sub-typing to be expressed (see <a href="#term-attribute-type">Section 4.7.4.4</a>). \n' +
' </p> \n' +
-' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-agent"> \n' +
-' An agent<span class="withAsn">, noted <span class="name">agent(id, [ \n' +
-' attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> contains: \n' +
+' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-generation"> \n' +
+' <dfn title="wasGeneratedBy">Generation</dfn><span class="withPn">, written \n' +
+' <span class="pnExpression">wasGeneratedBy(id,e,a,t,attrs)</span> in \n' +
+' PROV-N,</span> has: \n' +
' <ul> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">id</span>: an identifier identifying an agent; \n' +
-' </li> \n' +
-' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">attributes</span>: a set of attribute-value \n' +
-' pairs representing this agent\'s situation in the world. \n' +
-' </li> \n' +
-' </ul> \n' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
-' <p> \n' +
-' The following expression is about an agent identified by <span class="name">e1</span>, which is a person, named Alice, with employee \n' +
-' number 1234. \n' +
-' </p> \n' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-'agent(e1, [ex:employee="1234", ex:name="Alice", prov:type="prov:Human" %% xsd:QName]) \n' +
-'</pre> \n' +
-' <p> \n' +
-' It is optional to specify the type of an agent. When present, it is \n' +
-' expressed using the <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute. \n' +
-' </p> \n' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> \n' +
-' Shouldn\'t we allow for entities (not agent) to be associated with an \n' +
-' activity? Should we drop the inference association-agent? <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/203">ISSUE-203</a>. \n' +
-' </div><div class="attributes" id="attributes-note"> \n' +
-' A <dfn title="dfn-note">note</dfn><span class="withAsn">, noted <span class="name">note(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> \n' +
-' contains: \n' +
-' <ul> \n' +
-' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">id</span>: an identifier identifying the note; \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="generation.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL \n' +
+' identifier for a generation; \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">attributes</span>: a set of attribute-value \n' +
-' pairs, whose meaning is application specific. \n' +
-' </li> \n' +
-' </ul> \n' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="anexample-note1"> \n' +
-' <p> \n' +
-' The following note consists of a set of application-specific \n' +
-' attribute-value pairs, intended to help the rendering of what it is \n' +
-' associated with, by specifying its color and its position on the screen. \n' +
-' </p> \n' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-'note(ex2:n1,[ex2:color="blue", ex2:screenX=20, ex2:screenY=30]) \n' +
-'hasAnnotation(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex2:n1) \n' +
-'</pre> \n' +
-' <p> \n' +
-' The note is associated with the entity <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> \n' +
-' previously introduced (<a title="annotation">hasAnnotation</a> is \n' +
-' discussed in Section <a href="#term-annotation">Annotation</a>). The \n' +
-' note\'s identifier and attributes are declares in a separate namespace \n' +
-' denoted by prefix <span class="name">ex2</span>. \n' +
-' </p> \n' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="anexample-note2"> \n' +
-' <p> \n' +
-' Alternatively, a reputation service may enrich a provenance record with \n' +
-' notes providing reputation ratings about agents. In the following \n' +
-' fragment, both agents <span class="name">ex:Simon</span> and <span class="name">ex:Paolo</span> are rated "excellent". \n' +
-' </p> \n' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-'note(ex3:n2,[ex3:reputation="excellent"]) \n' +
-'hasAnnotation(ex:Simon,ex3:n2) \n' +
-'hasAnnotation(ex:Paolo,ex3:n2) \n' +
-'</pre> \n' +
-' <p> \n' +
-' The note\'s identifier and attributes are declares in a separate \n' +
-' namespace denoted by prefix <span class="name">ex3</span>. \n' +
-' </p> \n' +
-' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-generation"> \n' +
-' <dfn title="dfn-Generation">Generation</dfn><span class="withAsn">, \n' +
-' written <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id,e,a,t,attrs)</span> in \n' +
-' PROV-ASN,</span> has the following components: \n' +
-' <ul> \n' +
-' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying \n' +
-' a generation; \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="generation.entity">entity</span>: an \n' +
+' identifier (<span class="name">e</span>) for a created entity; \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">entity</span>: an identifier identifying a \n' +
-' created entity; \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="generation.activity">activity</span>: an \n' +
+' OPTIONAL identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) for the activity \n' +
+' that creates the entity; \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">activity</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier \n' +
-' identifying the activity that creates the entity; \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="generation.time">time</span>: an OPTIONAL \n' +
+' "generation time" (<span class="name">t</span>), the time at which the \n' +
+' entity was completely created; \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">time</span>: an OPTIONAL "generation time", \n' +
-' the time at which the entity was completely created; \n' +
-' </li> \n' +
-' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of \n' +
-' attribute-value pairs that describes the modalities of generation of \n' +
-' this entity by this activity. \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="generation.attributes">attributes</span>: \n' +
+' an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value \n' +
+' pairs representing additional information about this generation. \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' </ul> \n' +
' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
@@ -318,53 +773,54 @@
' The following expressions \n' +
' </p> \n' +
'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-' wasGeneratedBy(e1,a1, 2001-10-26T21:32:52, [ex:port="p1", ex:order=1]) \n' +
-' wasGeneratedBy(e2,a1, 2001-10-26T10:00:00, [ex:port="p1", ex:order=2]) \n' +
+' wasGeneratedBy(e1,a1, 2001-10-26T21:32:52, [ex:port="p1"]) \n' +
+' wasGeneratedBy(e2,a1, 2001-10-26T10:00:00, [ex:port="p2"]) \n' +
'</pre> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
' state the existence of two generations (with respective times <span class="name">2001-10-26T21:32:52</span> and <span class="name">2001-10-26T10:00:00</span>), \n' +
' at which new entities, identified by <span class="name">e1</span> and \n' +
' <span class="name">e2</span>, are created by an activity, identified by \n' +
-' <span class="name">a1</span>. The first one is available as the first \n' +
-' value on port p1, whereas the other is the second value on port p1. The \n' +
-' semantics of <span class="name">port</span> and <span class="name">order</span> \n' +
+' <span class="name">a1</span>. The first one is available on port <span class="name">p1</span>, whereas the other is available on port <span class="name">p2</span>. The semantics of <span class="name">port</span> \n' +
' are application specific. \n' +
' </p> \n' +
' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
' In some cases, we may want to record the time at which an entity was \n' +
' generated without having to specify the activity that generated it. To \n' +
-' support this requirement, the activity component in generation is \n' +
+' support this requirement, the activity element in generation is \n' +
' optional. Hence, the following expression indicates the time at which an \n' +
' entity is generated, without naming the activity that did it. \n' +
' </p> \n' +
'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-' wasGeneratedBy(e,,2001-10-26T21:32:52) \n' +
+' wasGeneratedBy(e,-,2001-10-26T21:32:52) \n' +
'</pre> \n' +
+' </div><div class="issue"> \n' +
+' A construct that marks the "end of life" of an entity may be introduced. \n' +
+' This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/204">ISSUE-204</a>. \n' +
' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-usage"> \n' +
-' <dfn title="dfn-Usage">Usage</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">used(id,a,e,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> has the \n' +
-' following constituents: \n' +
+' <dfn title="used">Usage</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">used(id,a,e,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has: \n' +
' <ul> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying \n' +
-' a usage; \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="usage.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL \n' +
+' identifier for a usage; \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">activity</span>: an identifier for the \n' +
-' consuming activity; \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="usage.activity">activity</span>: an \n' +
+' identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) for the consuming activity; \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">entity</span>: an identifier for the consumed \n' +
-' entity; \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="usage.entity">entity</span>: an identifier \n' +
+' (<span class="name">e</span>) for the consumed entity; \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">time</span>: an OPTIONAL "usage time", the \n' +
-' time at which the entity started to be used; \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="usage.time">time</span>: an OPTIONAL \n' +
+' "usage time" (<span class="name">t</span>), the time at which the \n' +
+' entity started to be used; \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of \n' +
-' attribute-value pairs that describe the modalities of usage of this \n' +
-' entity by this activity. \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="usage.attributes">attributes</span>: an \n' +
+' OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value \n' +
+' pairs representing additional information about this usage. \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' </ul> \n' +
' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
@@ -376,122 +832,325 @@
' used(a1,e2,2011-11-16T16:00:01,[ex:parameter="p2"]) \n' +
'</pre> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
-' state that the activity identified by <span class="name">a1</span> \n' +
-' consumed two entities identified by <span class="name">e1</span> and \n' +
-' <span class="name">e2</span>, at times <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> \n' +
+' state that the activity identified by <span class="name">a1</span> used \n' +
+' two entities identified by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, at times <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> \n' +
' and <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:01</span>, respectively; the \n' +
' first one was found as the value of parameter <span class="name">p1</span>, \n' +
' whereas the second was found as value of parameter <span class="name">p2</span>. \n' +
' The semantics of <span class="name">parameter</span> is application \n' +
' specific. \n' +
' </p> \n' +
-' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' <p> \n' +
-' A usage record\'s id is OPTIONAL. It MUST be present when annotating \n' +
-' usage records (see Section <a href="#term-annotation">Annotation Record</a>) \n' +
-' or when defining precise-1 derivations (see <a href="#Derivation-Relation">Derivation</a>). \n' +
-' </p> \n' +
-' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-activity-association"> \n' +
-' An <dfn title="dfn-activity-association">activity association</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(id,a,ag,pl,attrs)</span> \n' +
-' in PROV-ASN,</span> has the following constituents: \n' +
+' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-start"> \n' +
+' An activity <dfn title="wasStartedBy">start</dfn><span class="withPn">, \n' +
+' written <span class="pnExpression">wasStartedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs)</span> in \n' +
+' PROV-N,</span> has: \n' +
' <ul> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the \n' +
-' association between an activity and an agent; \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="start.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL \n' +
+' identifier for the activity start; \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">activity</span>: an identifier for the \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="start.activity">activity</span>: an \n' +
+' identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) for the started activity; \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="start.trigger">trigger</span>: an OPTIONAL \n' +
+' identifier (<span class="name">e</span>) for the entity triggering the \n' +
' activity; \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">agent</span>: an identifier for the agent \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="start.time">time</span>: the OPTIONAL time \n' +
+' (<span class="name">t</span>) at which the activity was started; \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="start.attributes">attributes</span>: an \n' +
+' OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value \n' +
+' pairs representing additional information about this activity start. \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' </ul> \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' The following example contains the description of an activity <span class="name">a1</span> (a discussion), which was started at a specific \n' +
+' time, and was triggered by an email message <span class="name">e1</span>. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'entity(e1,[prov:type="email message"]) \n' +
+'activity(a1,[prov:type="Discuss"]) \n' +
+'wasStartedBy(a1,e1,2011-11-16T16:05:00) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' Furthermore, if the message is also an input to the activity, this can be \n' +
+' described as follows: \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'used(a1,e1,-) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' In the following example, a race is started by a bang, and \n' +
+' responsibility for this trigger is attributed to an agent <span class="name">ex:DarthVader</span>. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'activity(ex:foot_race) \n' +
+'wasStartedBy(ex:foot_race,ex:bang,2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00) \n' +
+'entity(ex:bang) \n' +
+'agent(ex:Bob) \n' +
+'wasAttributedTo(ex:bang,ex:Bob) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="anexample"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' The following example is a description of an activity <span class="name">a1</span> \n' +
+' (editing) that was ended following an approval document <span class="name">e1</span>. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'entity(e1,[prov:type="approval document"]) \n' +
+'activity(a1,[prov:type="Editing"]) \n' +
+'wasEndedBy(a1,e1) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-wasInformedBy"> \n' +
+' A <dfn title="wasInformedBy">communication</dfn><span class="withPn">, \n' +
+' written as <span class="pnExpression">wasInformedBy(id,a2,a1,attrs)</span> \n' +
+' in PROV-N,</span> has: \n' +
+' <ul> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="wasInformedBy.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL \n' +
+' identifier identifying the relation; \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="wasInformedBy.informed">informed</span>: \n' +
+' the identifier (<span class="name">a2</span>) of the informed \n' +
+' activity; \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="wasInformedBy.informant">informant</span>: \n' +
+' the identifier (<span class="name">a1</span>) of the informant \n' +
+' activity; \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="wasInformedBy.attributes">attributes</span>: \n' +
+' an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value \n' +
+' pairs representing additional information about this communication. \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' </ul> \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' Consider two activities <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>, the former performed by a government agency, and \n' +
+' the latter by a driver caught speeding. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'activity(a1, [prov:type="traffic regulations enforcing"]) \n' +
+'activity(a2, [prov:type="fine paying; check writing; mailing"]) \n' +
+'wasInformedBy(a2,a1) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' The last line indicates that some implicit entity was generated by <span class="name">a1</span> and used by <span class="name">a2</span>; this \n' +
+' entity may be a traffic ticket that had a notice of fine, amount, and \n' +
+' payment mailing details. \n' +
+' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-startByActivity"> \n' +
+' A <dfn title="wasStartedByActivity">start by activity</dfn><span class="withPn">, written as <span class="pnExpression">wasStartedByActivity(id, \n' +
+' a2, a1, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has: \n' +
+' <ul> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="startByActivity.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL \n' +
+' identifier of the relation; \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="startByActivity.started">started</span>: \n' +
+' the identifier (<span class="name">a2</span>) of the started activity; \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="startByActivity.starter">starter</span>: \n' +
+' the identifier (<span class="name">a1</span>) of the activity that \n' +
+' started the other; \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="startByActivity.attributes">attributes</span>: \n' +
+' an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value \n' +
+' pairs representing additional information about this start by \n' +
+' activity. \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' </ul> \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' Suppose activities <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> \n' +
+' are computer processes that are executed on different hosts, and that \n' +
+' <span class="name">a1</span> started <span class="name">a2</span>. This \n' +
+' can be expressed as in the following fragment: \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'activity(a1,t1,t2,[ex:host="server1.example.org",prov:type="workflow"]) \n' +
+'activity(a2,t3,t4,[ex:host="server2.example.org",prov:type="subworkflow"]) \n' +
+'wasStartedByActivity(a2,a1) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' It is assumed that the activities <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> are of type "workflow" and "subworkflow", \n' +
+' respectively; the latter was started by the former. \n' +
+' </div><div style="text-align: center;"> \n' +
+' <img src="images/Agents-Responsibility.png" alt="agents and responsibilities" /> Figure 6: Agents and Responsibilities \n' +
+' Component Overview \n' +
+' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-agent"> \n' +
+' An <dfn title="dfn-agent" id="dfn-agent">agent</dfn><span class="withPn">, \n' +
+' written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-agent">agent(id, [attr1=val1, \n' +
+' ...])</span> in PROV-N,</span> has: \n' +
+' <ul> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="agent.id">id</span>: an identifier for an \n' +
+' agent; \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="agent.attributes">attributes</span>: a set \n' +
+' of attribute-value pairs ((<span class="name">attr1</span>, <span class="name">val1</span>), ...) representing additional information \n' +
+' about this agent. \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' </ul> \n' +
+' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="anexample"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' The following expression is about an agent identified by <span class="name">e1</span>, which is a person, named Alice, with employee \n' +
+' number 1234. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'agent(e1, [ex:employee="1234", ex:name="Alice", prov:type="prov:Person" %% xsd:QName]) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' It is optional to specify the type of an agent. When present, it is \n' +
+' expressed using the <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-attribution"> \n' +
+' An <dfn title="wasAttributedTo">attribution</dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasAttributedTo(id,e,ag,attrs)</span> \n' +
+' in PROV-N,</span> has: \n' +
+' <ul> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="attribution.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL \n' +
+' identifier for the relation; \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="attribution.entity">entity</span>: an \n' +
+' entity identifier (<span class="name">e</span>); \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="attribution.agent">agent</span>: the \n' +
+' identifier (<span class="name">ag</span>) of the agent whom the entity \n' +
+' is ascribed to; \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="attribution.attributes">attributes</span>: \n' +
+' an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value \n' +
+' pairs representing additional information about this attribution. \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' </ul> \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="anexample-attribution"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' Revisiting the example of <a href="#section-example-one">Section 3.1</a>, \n' +
+' we can ascribe <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> to some \n' +
+' agents without an explicit activity. The reserved attribute <span class="name">role</span> (see <a href="#term-attribute-role">Section \n' +
+' 4.7.4.3</a>) allows for role of the agent in the attribution to be \n' +
+' specified. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'agent(ex:Paolo, [ prov:type="Person" ]) \n' +
+'agent(ex:Simon, [ prov:type="Person" ]) \n' +
+'entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="process:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ]) \n' +
+'wasAttributedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:Paolo, [prov:role="editor"]) \n' +
+'wasAttributedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:Simon, [prov:role="contributor"]) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-activity-association"> \n' +
+' An <dfn title="wasAssociatedWith">activity association</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasAssociatedWith(id,a,ag,pl,attrs)</span> \n' +
+' in PROV-N,</span> has: \n' +
+' <ul> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="association.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL \n' +
+' identifier for the association between an activity and an agent; \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="association.activity">activity</span>: an \n' +
+' identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) for the activity; \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="association.agent">agent</span>: an \n' +
+' OPTIONAL identifier (<span class="name">ag</span>) for the agent \n' +
' associated with the activity; \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">plan</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the \n' +
-' plan adopted by the agent in the context of this activity; \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="association.plan">plan</span>: an OPTIONAL \n' +
+' identifier (<span class="name">pl</span>) for the plan adopted by the \n' +
+' agent in the context of this activity; \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of \n' +
-' attribute-value pairs that describe the modalities of association of \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="association.attributes">attributes</span>: \n' +
+' an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value \n' +
+' pairs representing additional information about this association of \n' +
' this activity with this agent. \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' </ul> \n' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
-' In the following example, a designer and an operator agents are associated \n' +
-' with an activity. The designer\'s goals are achieved by a workflow <span class="name">ex:wf</span>. \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="anexample-wasAssociateWith"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' In the following example, a designer and an operator agents are \n' +
+' associated with an activity. The designer\'s goals are achieved by a \n' +
+' workflow <span class="name">ex:wf</span>, described as an an entity of \n' +
+' type <span class="name"><a>plan</a></span>. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-'activity(ex:a,[prov:type="workflow execution"]) \n' +
-'agent(ex:ag1,[prov:type="operator"]) \n' +
-'agent(ex:ag2,[prov:type="designer"]) \n' +
-'wasAssociatedWith(ex:a,ex:ag1,[prov:role="loggedInUser", ex:how="webapp"]) \n' +
-'wasAssociatedWith(ex:a,ex:ag2,ex:wf,[prov:role="designer", ex:context="project1"]) \n' +
-'entity(ex:wf,[prov:type="prov:Plan"%% xsd:QName, ex:label="Workflow 1", \n' +
+'activity(ex:a, [prov:type="workflow execution"]) \n' +
+'agent(ex:ag1, [prov:type="operator"]) \n' +
+'agent(ex:ag2, [prov:type="designer"]) \n' +
+'wasAssociatedWith(ex:a, ex:ag1, -, [prov:role="loggedInUser", ex:how="webapp"]) \n' +
+'wasAssociatedWith(ex:a, ex:ag2, ex:wf,[prov:role="designer", ex:context="project1"]) \n' +
+'entity(ex:wf, [prov:type="prov:Plan" %% xsd:QName, ex:label="Workflow 1", \n' +
' ex:url="http://example.org/workflow1.bpel" %% xsd:anyURI]) \n' +
'</pre> \n' +
' Since the workflow <span class="name">ex:wf</span> is itself an entity, \n' +
' its provenance can also be expressed in PROV-DM: it can be generated by \n' +
' some activity and derived from other entities, for instance. \n' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> \n' +
-' The activity association record does not allow for a plan to be asserted \n' +
-' without an agent. This seems over-restrictive. Discussed in the context of \n' +
-' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/203">ISSUE-203</a>. \n' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> \n' +
-' Agents should not be inferred. WasAssociatedWith should also work with \n' +
-' entities. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/206">ISSUE-206</a>. \n' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="anexample-wasAssociateWith-2"> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
-' In the following example, \n' +
+' In some cases, one wants to indicate a plan was followed, without having \n' +
+' to specify which agent was involved. \n' +
' </p> \n' +
'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-'wasStartedBy(a,ag,[ex:mode="manual"]) \n' +
-'wasEndedby(a,ag,[ex:mode="manual"]) \n' +
+'activity(ex:a,[prov:type="workflow execution"]) \n' +
+'wasAssociatedWith(ex:a,-,ex:wf) \n' +
+'entity(ex:wf,[prov:type="prov:Plan"%% xsd:QName, ex:label="Workflow 1", \n' +
+' ex:url="http://example.org/workflow1.bpel" %% xsd:anyURI]) \n' +
'</pre> \n' +
-' <p> \n' +
-' there is an activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> that was \n' +
-' started and ended by an agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, \n' +
-' in "manual" mode, an application specific characterization of these \n' +
-' relations. \n' +
-' </p> \n' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> \n' +
-' Should we define start/end records as representation of activity start/end \n' +
-' events. Should time be associated with these events rather than with \n' +
-' activities. This will be similar to what we do for entities. This is issue \n' +
-' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/207">ISSUE-207</a>. \n' +
-' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-responsibility-chain"> \n' +
-' A <dfn title="dfn-responsibility-chain">responsibility chain</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(id,ag2,ag1,a,attrs)</span> \n' +
-' in PROV-ASN,</span> has the following constituents: \n' +
+' In this case, it is assumed that an agent exists, but it has not been \n' +
+' specified. \n' +
+' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-responsibility"> \n' +
+' A <dfn title="actedOnBehalfOf">responsibility</dfn> link<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">actedOnBehalfOf(id,ag2,ag1,a,attrs)</span> \n' +
+' in PROV-N,</span> has: \n' +
' <ul> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying \n' +
-' the responsibility chain; \n' +
-' </li> \n' +
-' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">subordinate</span>: an identifier for the \n' +
-' agent associated with an activity, acting on behalf of the responsible \n' +
-' agent; \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="responsibility.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL \n' +
+' identifier for the responsibility link between subordinate and \n' +
+' responsible; \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">responsible</span>: an identifier for the \n' +
-' agent, on behalf of which the subordinate agent acted; \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="responsibility.subordinate">subordinate</span>: \n' +
+' an identifier (<span class="name">ag2</span>) for the agent associated \n' +
+' with an activity, acting on behalf of the responsible agent; \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">activity</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier of an \n' +
-' activity for which the responsibility chain holds; \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="responsibility.responsible">responsible</span>: \n' +
+' an identifier (<span class="name">ag1</span>) for the agent, on behalf \n' +
+' of which the subordinate agent acted; \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of \n' +
-' attribute-value pairs that describe the modalities of this relation. \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="responsibility.activity">activity</span>: \n' +
+' an OPTIONAL identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) of an activity \n' +
+' for which the responsibility link holds; \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="responsibility.attributes">attributes</span>: \n' +
+' an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value \n' +
+' pairs representing additional information about this responsibility \n' +
+' link. \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' </ul> \n' +
' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
-' In the following example, a programmer, a researcher and a funder agents \n' +
-' are described. The programmer and researcher are associated with a \n' +
-' workflow activity. The programmer acts on behalf of the researcher \n' +
-' (delegation) encoding the commands specified by the researcher; the \n' +
-' researcher acts on behalf of the funder, who has an contractual agreement \n' +
-' with the researcher. The terms \'delegation\' and \'contact\' used in this \n' +
-' example are domain specific. \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' The following fragment describes three agents: a programmer, a \n' +
+' researcher, and a funder. The programmer and researcher are associated \n' +
+' with a workflow activity. The programmer acts on behalf of the \n' +
+' researcher (delegation) encoding the commands specified by the \n' +
+' researcher; the researcher acts on behalf of the funder, who has a \n' +
+' contractual agreement with the researcher. The terms \'delegation\' and \n' +
+' \'contact\' used in this example are domain specific. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
'activity(a,[prov:type="workflow"]) \n' +
'agent(ag1,[prov:type="programmer"]) \n' +
@@ -499,158 +1158,514 @@
'agent(ag3,[prov:type="funder"]) \n' +
'wasAssociatedWith(a,ag1,[prov:role="loggedInUser"]) \n' +
'wasAssociatedWith(a,ag2) \n' +
+'wasAssociatedWith(a,ag3) \n' +
'actedOnBehalfOf(ag1,ag2,a,[prov:type="delegation"]) \n' +
'actedOnBehalfOf(ag2,ag3,a,[prov:type="contract"]) \n' +
'</pre> \n' +
-' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="note"> \n' +
-' This text was not edited much. It keeps on referring to \n' +
-' asserter/assertion. Before editing this section, we would like to have <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/249">ISSUE-249</a> \n' +
-' resolved. \n' +
-' </div><div class="attributes" id="attributes-derivation"> \n' +
-' A <dfn>precise-1 derivation</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(id, e2, e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</span> in \n' +
-' PROV-ASN,</span> contains: \n' +
+' </div><div style="text-align: center;"> \n' +
+' <img src="images/Derivation.png" alt="derivation" /> Figure 7: Derivation \n' +
+' Component Overview \n' +
+' </div><div class="glossary-ref" /><div class="attributes" id="attributes-derivation"> \n' +
+' A <dfn title="wasDerivedFrom">derivation</dfn><span class="withPn">, \n' +
+' written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-wasDerivedFrom">wasDerivedFrom(id, \n' +
+' e2, e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has: \n' +
' <ul> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="derivation.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL \n' +
+' identifier for a derivation; \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="derivation.generatedEntity">generatedEntity</span>: \n' +
+' the identifier (<span class="name">ee</span>) of the entity generated \n' +
+' by the derivation; \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="derivation.usedEntity">usedEntity</span>: \n' +
+' the identifier (<span class="name">e1</span>) of the entity used by \n' +
' the derivation; \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">generatedEntity</span>: the identifier of the \n' +
-' generation entity; \n' +
-' </li> \n' +
-' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">usedEntity</span>: the identifier of the used \n' +
-' entity; \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="derivation.activity">activity</span>: an \n' +
+' OPTIONAL identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) for the activity \n' +
+' using and generating the above entities; \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">activity</span>: the identifier of the \n' +
-' activity using and generating the above entities; \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="derivation.generation">generation</span>: \n' +
+' an OPTIONAL identifier (<span class="name">g2</span>) for the \n' +
+' generation involving the generated entity and activity; \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">generation</span>: the identifier the \n' +
-' generation for the generated entity and activity; \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="derivation.usage">usage</span>: an \n' +
+' OPTIONAL identifier (<span class="name">u1</span>) for the usage \n' +
+' involving the used entity and activity; \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">usage</span>: the identifier of the usage for \n' +
-' the used entity and activity; \n' +
-' </li> \n' +
-' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of \n' +
-' attribute-value pairs that describe the modalities of this derivation, \n' +
-' optionally including the attribute-value pair <span class="name">prov:steps="single"</span>. \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="derivation.attributes">attributes</span>: \n' +
+' an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value \n' +
+' pairs representing additional information about this derivation. \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' </ul> \n' +
' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
-' The following descriptions state the existence of derivations. \n' +
+' The following descriptions are about derivations between <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span>, but no \n' +
+' information is provided as to the identity of the activity (and usage \n' +
+' and generation) underpinning the derivation. In the second line, a type \n' +
+' attribute is also provided. \n' +
' </p> \n' +
'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-'wasDerivedFrom(e5,e3,a4,g2,u2) \n' +
-'wasDerivedFrom(e5,e3,a4,g2,u2,[prov:steps="single"]) \n' +
-' \n' +
-'wasDerivedFrom(e3,e2,[prov:steps="single"]) \n' +
-' \n' +
-'wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[]) \n' +
-'wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:steps="any"]) \n' +
-' \n' +
-'wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,2012-01-18T16:00:00, [prov:steps="any"]) \n' +
+'wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1) \n' +
+'wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, [prov:type="physical transform"]) \n' +
'</pre> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
-' The first two are precise-1 derivations expressing that the activity \n' +
-' identified by <span class="name">a4</span>, by using the entity denoted \n' +
-' by <span class="name">e3</span> according to usage <span class="name">u2</span> \n' +
-' derived the entity denoted by <span class="name">e5</span> and generated \n' +
-' it according to generation <span class="name">g2</span>. \n' +
+' The following description expresses that activity <span class="name">a</span>, \n' +
+' using the entity <span class="name">e1</span> according to usage <span class="name">u1</span>, derived the entity <span class="name">e2</span> \n' +
+' and generated it according to generation <span class="name">g2</span>. \n' +
+' It is followed by descriptions for generation <span class="name">g2</span> \n' +
+' and usage <span class="name">u1</span>. \n' +
' </p> \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1) \n' +
+'wasGeneratedBy(g2, e2, a, -) \n' +
+'used(u1, a, e1, -) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
-' The third line describes an imprecise-1 derivation, which is similar for \n' +
-' <span class="name">e3</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, but it \n' +
-' leaves the activity and associated attributes implicit. The fourth and \n' +
-' fifth lines are about imprecise-n derivations between <span class="name">e2</span> \n' +
-' and <span class="name">e1</span>, but no information is provided as to \n' +
-' the number and identity of activities underpinning the derivation. The \n' +
-' sixth derivation extends the fifth with the derivation time of <span class="name">e2</span>. \n' +
+' With such a comprehensive description of derivation, a program that \n' +
+' analyzes provenance can identify the activity underpinning the \n' +
+' derivation, it can identify how the original entity <span class="name">e1</span> \n' +
+' was used by the activity (e.g. for instance, which argument it was \n' +
+' passed as, if the activity is the result of a function invocation), and \n' +
+' which output the derived entity <span class="name">e2</span> was \n' +
+' obtained from (say, for a function returning multiple results). \n' +
' </p> \n' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> \n' +
-' Several points were raised about the attribute steps. Its name, its \n' +
-' default value <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/180">ISSUE-180</a>. \n' +
-' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/179">ISSUE-179</a>. \n' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> \n' +
-' Emphasize the notion of \'affected by\' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/133">ISSUE-133</a>. \n' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> \n' +
-' Is imprecise-1 derivation necessary? Can we just use precise-1 and \n' +
-' imprecise-n? <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/249">ISSUE-249</a>. \n' +
-' </div><div class="attributes" id="attributes-alternate"> \n' +
-' An <dfn title="dfn-Alternate">alternate relation</dfn><span class="withAsn">, \n' +
-' written <span class="name">alternateOf(id, alt1, alt2, attrs)</span> in \n' +
-' PROV-ASN,</span> addresses case (1). It has the following constituents: \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="anexample-revision"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' Revisiting the example of <a href="#section-example-two">Section 3.2</a>, \n' +
+' we can now state that the report <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> \n' +
+' is a revision of the report <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</span>, \n' +
+' approved by agent <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="process:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ]) \n' +
+'entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, [ prov:type="process:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ]) \n' +
+'wasRevisionOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, w3:Consortium) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="anexample-quotation"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' The following paragraph is a quote from one of <a href="http://thinklinks.wordpress.com/2012/03/07/thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/">the \n' +
+' author\'s blogs</a>. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+' <blockquote id="bl-dagstuhl" /> \n' +
+' <em> "During the workshop, it became clear to me that the consensus based \n' +
+' models (which are often graphical in nature) can not only be formalized \n' +
+' but also be directly connected to these database focused formalizations. I \n' +
+' just needed to get over the differences in syntax. This could imply that \n' +
+' we could have nice way to trace provenance across systems and through \n' +
+' databases and be able to understand the mathematical properties of this \n' +
+' interconnection."</em> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' If <a href="http://thinklinks.wordpress.com/2012/03/07/thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/"><span class="name">wp:thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/</span></a> \n' +
+' denotes the original blog by agent <span class="name">ex:Paul</span>, \n' +
+' and <a href="#bl-dagstuhl"><span class="name">dm:bl-dagstuhl</span></a> \n' +
+' denotes the above paragraph, then the following descriptions express \n' +
+' that the above paragraph is copied by agent <span class="name">ex:Luc</span> \n' +
+' from a part of the blog, attributed to the agent <span class="name">ex:Paul</span>. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'entity(wp:thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/) \n' +
+'agent(ex:Luc) \n' +
+'agent(ex:Paul) \n' +
+'wasQuotedFrom(dm:bl-dagstuhl,wp:thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/,ex:Luc,ex:Paul) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' Let us consider the concept introduced in the current section, \n' +
+' identified as <a href="#concept-original-source"><span class="name">dm:concept-original-source</span></a>, \n' +
+' and the Google page <a href="http://googlenewsblog.blogspot.com/2010/11/credit-where-credit-is-due.html"><span class="name">go:credit-where-credit-is-due.html</span></a>, where the \n' +
+' notion original-source was originally described (to the knowledge of the \n' +
+' authors). \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'entity(dm:concept-original-source) \n' +
+'entity(go:credit-where-credit-is-due.html) \n' +
+'hadOriginalSource(dm:concept-original-source,go:credit-where-credit-is-due.html) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' We refer to the example of <a href="#section-example-two">Section 3.1</a>, \n' +
+' and specifically to <a href="#prov-a-document">Figure 2</a>. We can see \n' +
+' that there is a path from <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> \n' +
+' to <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span> and to <span class="name">process:rec-advance</span>. \n' +
+' This is expressed as follows. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+' tracedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,w3:Consortium) \n' +
+' tracedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,process:rec-advance) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' </div><div style="text-align: center;"> \n' +
+' <img src="images/Alternates.png" alt="alternates" /> Figure 8: Alternates \n' +
+' Component Overview \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="entity-example1"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' User Alice writes an article. In its provenance, she wishes to refer to \n' +
+' the precise version of the article with a date-specific URI, as she \n' +
+' might edit the article later. Alternatively, user Bob refers to the \n' +
+' article in general, indepedently of its variants over time. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+' </div><div class="attributes" id="attributes-specialization"> \n' +
+' A <dfn title="specializationOf">specialization</dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">specializationOf(sub, \n' +
+' super)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has: \n' +
' <ul> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the \n' +
-' association between the two alternates; \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="specialization.specializedEntity">specializedEntity</span>: \n' +
+' an identifier (<span class="name">sub</span>) of the specialized \n' +
+' entity; \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">firstAlternate</span>: an identifier of the \n' +
-' first of the two entities; \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="specialization.generalEntity">generalEntity</span>: \n' +
+' an identifier (<span class="name">super</span>) of the entity that is \n' +
+' being specialized. \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' </ul> \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="anexample-specialization"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' The BBC news home page on 2012-03-23 <span class="name">ex:bbcNews2012-03-23</span> \n' +
+' is a specialization of the BBC news page in general <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/">bbc:news/</a>. This can be expressed \n' +
+' as follows. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'specializationOf(ex:bbcNews2012-03-23, bbc:news/) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' Given that the BBC news does not define a URI for this day\'s news page, we \n' +
+' are creating a qualified name in the namespace <span class="name">ex</span>. \n' +
+' </div><div class="attributes" id="attributes-alternate"> \n' +
+' An <dfn title="alternateOf">alternate</dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, \n' +
+' written <span class="pnExpression">alternateOf(e1, e2)</span> in PROV-N,</span> \n' +
+' has: \n' +
+' <ul> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="alternate.alternate1">alternate1</span>: \n' +
+' an identifier (<span class="name">e1</span>) of the first of the two \n' +
+' entities; \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">secondAlternate</span>: an identifier of the \n' +
-' second of the two entities; \n' +
-' </li> \n' +
-' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of \n' +
-' attribute-value pairs to further describe this relation. \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="alternate.alternate2">alternate2</span>: \n' +
+' an identifier (<span class="name">e2</span>) of the second of the two \n' +
+' entities. \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' </ul> \n' +
' </div><div class="anexample" id="anexample-alternate"> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
-' The following expressions describe two persons, respectively holder of a \n' +
-' Facebook account and a Twitter account, and their relation as alternate. \n' +
+' A given news item on the BBC News site <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17526723">bbc:news/science-environment-17526723</a> \n' +
+' for desktop is an alternate of a <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/mobile/science-environment-17526723">bbc:news/mobile/science-environment-17526723</a> \n' +
+' for mobile devices. \n' +
' </p> \n' +
'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-'entity(facebook:ABC, [ prov:type="person with Facebook account " ]) \n' +
-'entity(twitter:XYZ, [ prov:type="person with Twitter account" ]) \n' +
-'alternateOf(facebook:ABC, twitter:XYZ) \n' +
+'entity(bbc:news/science-environment-17526723, [ prov:type="a news item for desktop"]) \n' +
+'entity(bbc:news/mobile/science-environment-17526723, [ prov:type="a news item for mobile devices"]) \n' +
+'alternateOf(bbc:news/science-environment-17526723, bbc:news/mobile/science-environment-17526723) \n' +
'</pre> \n' +
-' </div><div class="attributes" id="attributes-specialization"> \n' +
-' A <dfn title="dfn-Specialization">specialization relation</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="name">specializationOf(id, sub, \n' +
-' super, attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> addresses case (2). It has the \n' +
-' following constituents: \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' They are both specialization of an (unspecified) entity. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="anexample-alternate2"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' Considering again the two versions of the technical report <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> \n' +
+' (second working draft) and <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span> \n' +
+' (first working draft). They are alternate of each other. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018) \n' +
+'entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215) \n' +
+'alternateOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018,tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' They are both specialization of the page <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+' </div><div style="text-align: center;"> \n' +
+' <img src="images/Collections.png" alt="collections" /> Figure 9: \n' +
+' Collections Component Overview \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'entity(c0, [prov:type="prov:EmptyCollection" %% xsd:QName]) // c0 is an empty collection \n' +
+'entity(c1, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName]) // c1 is a collection, with unknown content \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' </div><div class="attributes" id="attributes-derivedByInsertionFrom"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' An <dfn title="derivedByInsertionFrom">Insertion</dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">derivedByInsertionFrom(id, \n' +
+' c2, c1, {(key_1, e_1), ..., (key_n, e_n)}, attrs)</span>,</span> has: \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
' <ul> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the \n' +
-' association between the two entities; \n' +
-' </li> \n' +
-' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">specializedEntity</span>: an identifier of the \n' +
-' specialized entity; \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="derivedByInsertionFrom.id">id</span>: an \n' +
+' OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation; \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">generalEntity</span>: an identifier of the \n' +
-' entity that is being specialized; \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="derivedByInsertionFrom.after">after</span>: \n' +
+' an identifier (<span class="name">c2</span>) for the collection <em>after</em> \n' +
+' insertion; \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="attribute">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of \n' +
-' attribute-value pairs to further describe this relation. \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="derivedByInsertionFrom.before">before</span>: \n' +
+' an identifier (<span class="name">c1</span>) for the collection <em>before</em> \n' +
+' insertion; \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="derivedByInsertionFrom.key-entity-set">key-entity-set</span>: \n' +
+' the inserted key-entity pairs <span class="name">(key_1, e_1)</span>, \n' +
+' ..., <span class="name">(key_n, e_n)</span> in which each <span class="name">key_i</span> is a <a>value</a>, and <span class="name">e_i</span> \n' +
+' is an identifier for the entity that has been inserted with the key; \n' +
+' each <span class="name">key_i</span> is expected to be unique for the \n' +
+' key-entity-set; \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="derivedByInsertionFrom.attributes">attributes</span>: \n' +
+' an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value \n' +
+' pairs representing additional information about this relation. \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' </ul> \n' +
-' </div><div class="anexample" id="anexample-specialization"> \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'entity(c0, [prov:type="prov:EmptyCollection" %% xsd:QName]) // c0 is an empty collection \n' +
+'entity(e1) \n' +
+'entity(e2) \n' +
+'entity(e3) \n' +
+'entity(c1, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName]) \n' +
+'entity(c2, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName]) \n' +
+' \n' +
+'derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c0, {("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)}) \n' +
+'derivedByInsertionFrom(c2, c1, {("k3", e3)}) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' From this set of descriptions, we conclude: \n' +
+' <ul> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="name">c0</span> is the set <span class="name">{ }</span> \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="name">c1</span> is the set <span class="name">{ ("k1", \n' +
+' e1), ("k2", e2) }</span> \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="name">c2</span> is the set <span class="name">{ ("k1", \n' +
+' e1), ("k2", e2), ("k3", e3) }</span> \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' </ul> \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'entity(c0, [prov:type="prov:EmptyCollection" %% xsd:QName]) // c0 is an empty collection \n' +
+'entity(e1) \n' +
+'entity(e2) \n' +
+'entity(e3) \n' +
+'entity(c1, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName]) \n' +
+'entity(c2, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName]) \n' +
+' \n' +
+'derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c0, {("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)}) \n' +
+'derivedByInsertionFrom(c2, c1, {("k1", e3)}) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' This is a case of <em>update</em> of <span class="name">e1</span> to <span class="name">e3</span> for the same key, <span class="name">"k1"</span>. \n' +
+' <br /> From this set of descriptions, we conclude: \n' +
+' <ul> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="name">c0</span> is the set <span class="name">{ }</span> \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="name">c1</span> is the set <span class="name">{ ("k1", \n' +
+' e1), ("k2", e2) }</span> \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="name">c2</span> is the set <span class="name">{ ("k1", \n' +
+' e3), ("k2", e2) }</span> \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' </ul> \n' +
+' </div><div class="attributes" id="attributes-derivedByRemovalFrom"> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
-' The following expressions describe two persons, the second of which is \n' +
-' holder of a Twitter account. The second entity is a specialization of \n' +
-' the first. \n' +
+' A <dfn title="derivedByRemovalFrom">Removal</dfn> relation, written \n' +
+' <span class="pnExpression">derivedByRemovalFrom(id, c2, c1, {key_1, ... \n' +
+' key_n}, attrs)</span>, has: \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+' <ul> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="derivedByRemovalFrom.id">id</span>: an \n' +
+' OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation; \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="derivedByRemovalFrom.after">after</span>: \n' +
+' an identifier (<span class="name">c2</span>) for the collection <em>after</em> \n' +
+' the deletion; \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="derivedByRemovalFrom.before">before</span>: \n' +
+' an identifier (<span class="name">c1</span>) for the collection <em>before</em> \n' +
+' the deletion; \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="derivedByRemovalFrom.key-set">key-set</span>: \n' +
+' a set of deleted keys <span class="name">key_1</span>, ..., <span class="name">key_n</span>, for which each <span class="name">key_i</span> \n' +
+' is a <a>value</a>; \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="derivedByRemovalFrom.attributes">attributes</span>: \n' +
+' an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value \n' +
+' pairs representing additional information about this relation. \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' </ul> \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'entity(c0, [prov:type="prov:EmptyCollection"]) // c0 is an empty collection \n' +
+'entity(e1) \n' +
+'entity(e2) \n' +
+'entity(e3) \n' +
+'entity(c1, [prov:type="prov:Collection"]) \n' +
+'entity(c2, [prov:type="prov:Collection"]) \n' +
+' \n' +
+'derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c0, {("k1", e1), ("k2",e2)}) \n' +
+'derivedByInsertionFrom(c2, c1, {("k3", e3)}) \n' +
+'derivedByRemovalFrom(c3, c2, {"k1", "k3"}) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' From this set of descriptions, we conclude: \n' +
+' <ul> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="name">c0</span> is the set <span class="name">{ }</span> \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="name">c1</span> is the set <span class="name">{ ("k1", \n' +
+' e1), ("k2", e2) }</span> \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="name">c2</span> is the set <span class="name">{ ("k1", \n' +
+' e1), ("k2", e2), ("k3", e3) }</span> \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="name">c3</span> is the set <span class="name">{ ("k2", \n' +
+' e2) }</span> \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' </ul> \n' +
+' </div><div class="attributes" id="attributes-memberOf"> \n' +
+' A <dfn title="memberOf">membership</dfn> relation, written <span class="pnExpression">memberOf(id, c, {(key_1, e_1), ..., (key_n, e_n)}, \n' +
+' attrs)</span>, has: \n' +
+' <ul> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="memberOf.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL \n' +
+' identifier identifying the relation; \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="memberOf.after">after</span>: an \n' +
+' identifier (<span class="name">c</span>) for the collection whose \n' +
+' members are asserted; \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="memberOf.key-entity-set">key-entity-set</span>: \n' +
+' a set of key-entity pairs <span class="name">(key_1, e_1)</span>, ..., \n' +
+' <span class="name">(key_n, e_n)</span> that are members of the \n' +
+' collection; \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="memberOf.complete">complete</span>: an \n' +
+' OPTIONAL boolean <a title="value">Value</a>; if true, it indicates \n' +
+' that no other member belongs to the collection; \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="memberOf.attributes">attributes</span>: an \n' +
+' OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value \n' +
+' pairs representing additional information about this relation. \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' </ul> \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'entity(c1, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName]) // c1 is a collection, with unknown content \n' +
+'entity(c2, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName]) // c2 is a collection, with unknown content \n' +
+' \n' +
+'entity(e1) \n' +
+'entity(e2) \n' +
+' \n' +
+'memberOf(c1, {("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)} ) \n' +
+'memberOf(c2, {("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)}, true) \n' +
+' \n' +
+'entity(e3) \n' +
+'entity(c3, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName]) \n' +
+' \n' +
+'derivedByInsertionFrom(c3, c1, {("k3", e3)}) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' From these descriptions, we conclude: \n' +
+' <ul> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="name">c1</span> has the following pairs as members: <span class="name">("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)</span>, and may contain others. \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="name">c2</span> exactly has the following pairs as \n' +
+' members: <span class="name">("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)</span>, and does \n' +
+' not contain any other. \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="name">c3</span> has the following pairs as members: <span class="name">("k1", e1), ("k2", e2), ("k3", v3)</span>, and may \n' +
+' contain others. \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' </ul> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' Thus, the states of <span class="name">c1</span> and <span class="name">c3</span> \n' +
+' are only partially known. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+' </div><div class="attributes" id="attributes-note"> \n' +
+' A <dfn title="dfn-note" id="dfn-note">note</dfn><span class="withPn">, \n' +
+' written <span class="pnExpression">note(id, [attr1=val1, ...])</span> in \n' +
+' PROV-N,</span> has: \n' +
+' <ul> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="note.id">id</span>: an identifier for a \n' +
+' note; \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="note.attributes">attributes</span>: a set \n' +
+' of attribute-value pairs ((<span class="name">attr1</span>, <span class="name">val1</span>), ...) representing application-specific \n' +
+' information. \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' </ul> \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="anexample-note1"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' The following note consists of a set of application-specific \n' +
+' attribute-value pairs, intended to help the rendering of the \n' +
+' pre-existing entity it is associated with, by specifying its color and \n' +
+' its position on the screen. \n' +
' </p> \n' +
'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-'entity(ex:Bob, [ prov:type="person", ex:name="Bob" ]) \n' +
-'entity(twitter:XYZ, [ prov:type="person with Twitter account" ]) \n' +
-'specializationOf(twitter:XYZ, ex:Bob) \n' +
+'note(ex:n1,[ex:color="blue", ex:screenX=20, ex:screenY=30]) \n' +
+'hasAnnotation(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex:n1) \n' +
'</pre> \n' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> \n' +
-' A discussion on alternative definition of these relations has not yet \n' +
-' reached a satisfactory conclusion. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/29">ISSUE-29</a>. Also <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/96">ISSUE-96</a>. \n' +
-' </div><div class="glossary" id="glossary-annotation"> \n' +
-' An <dfn title="concept-annotation">annotation</dfn> is a link between \n' +
-' something that is identifiable and a note referred to by its identifier. \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' The note is linked to the entity <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>, \n' +
+' with relation <a title="annotation">hasAnnotation</a> discussed in <a href="#term-annotation">Section 4.6.2</a>. The note\'s identifier and \n' +
+' attributes are declared in the namespace denoted by prefix <span class="name">ex</span> to illustrate that the rendering application may \n' +
+' differ from the application involving entity <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="anexample-note2"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' Alternatively, a reputation service may enrich an existing provenance \n' +
+' record with notes providing reputation ratings about agents. In the \n' +
+' following fragment, both agents <span class="name">ex2:Simon</span> and \n' +
+' <span class="name">ex2:Paolo</span> are rated "excellent". \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'note(ex3:n2,[ex3:reputation="excellent"]) \n' +
+'hasAnnotation(ex2:Simon,ex3:n2) \n' +
+'hasAnnotation(ex2:Paolo,ex3:n2) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' The note\'s identifier and attributes are declared in a separate \n' +
+' namespace denoted by prefix <span class="name">ex3</span>. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+' </div><div class="attributes" id="attributes-annotation"> \n' +
+' An <dfn title="hasAnnotation">annotation relation</dfn><span class="withPn">, \n' +
+' written <span class="pnExpression">hasAnnotation(r,n)</span> in PROV-N,</span> \n' +
+' has: \n' +
+' <ul> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="annotation.id">something</span>: the \n' +
+' identifier (<span class="name">r</span>) of something being annotated; \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="attribute" id="annotation.note">note</span>: an \n' +
+' identifier (<span class="name">n</span>) of a note. \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' </ul> \n' +
' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
' The following expressions \n' +
@@ -683,47 +1698,56 @@
' </p> \n' +
' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
-' The following activity start describes the role of the agent identified \n' +
-' by <span class="name">ag</span> in this start relation with activity \n' +
-' <span class="name">a</span>. \n' +
-' </p> \n' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-' wasStartedBy(a,ag, [prov:role="program-operator"]) \n' +
-'</pre> \n' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
-' <p> \n' +
-' The following describes an agent of type software agent. \n' +
+' The following entity is provided with a label attribute. \n' +
' </p> \n' +
'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-' agent(ag, [prov:type="prov:ComputingSystem" %% xsd:QName]) \n' +
+' entity(ex:e1, [prov:label="This is a label"]) \n' +
'</pre> \n' +
' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
-' The following expression declares an imprecise-1 derivation, which is \n' +
-' known to involve one activity, though its identity, usage details of \n' +
-' <span class="name">ex:e1</span>, and generation details of <span class="name">ex:e2</span> are not explicit. \n' +
-' </p> \n' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-' wasDerivedFrom(ex:e2, ex:e1, [prov:steps="single"]) \n' +
-'</pre> \n' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> \n' +
-' This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/219">ISSUE-219</a>. \n' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
-' <p> \n' +
' The following expression describes entity Mona Lisa, a painting, with a \n' +
' location attribute. \n' +
' </p> \n' +
'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
' entity(ex:MonaLisa, [prov:location="Le Louvres, Paris", prov:type="StillImage"]) \n' +
'</pre> \n' +
-' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' Usually, in programming languages, Literal are a notation for values. So, \n' +
-' Literals should probably be moved to the serialization. Here, instead, we \n' +
-' should define the types of values. Thoughts? \n' +
' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
-' The following examples respectively are the string "abc", the string \n' +
-' "abc", the integer number 1, and the IRI "http://example.org/foo". \n' +
+' The following activity is associated with an agent acting as the \n' +
+' operator. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+' wasAssociatedWith(a, ag, [prov:role="operator"]) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' The following describes an agent of type software agent. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+' agent(ag, [prov:type="prov:SoftwareAgent" %% xsd:QName]) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' The following example illustrates the provenance of the number <span class="name">4</span> obtained by an activity that computed the length \n' +
+' of an input string <span class="name">"abcd"</span>. The input and the \n' +
+' output are expressed as entities <span class="name">ex:in</span> and \n' +
+' <span class="name">ex:out</span>, respectively. They each have a <span class="name">prov:value</span> attribute associated with the \n' +
+' corresponding value. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'entity(ex:in, [prov:value="abcd"]) \n' +
+'entity(ex:out, [prov:value=4]) \n' +
+'activity(ex:len, [prov:type="string-length"]) \n' +
+'used(ex:len,ex:in) \n' +
+'wasGeneratedBy(ex:out,ex:len) \n' +
+'wasDerivedFrom(ex:out,ex:in) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
+' Should we also have prov:encoding? \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="anexample-value"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' The following examples respectively are the string "abc", the integer \n' +
+' number 1, and the IRI "http://example.org/foo". \n' +
' </p> \n' +
'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
' "abc" \n' +
@@ -731,149 +1755,45 @@
' "http://example.org/foo" %% xsd:anyURI \n' +
'</pre> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
-' The following example shows a literal of type <span class="name">xsd:QName</span> \n' +
+' The following example shows a value of type <span class="name">xsd:QName</span> \n' +
' (see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-2-20041028/#QName">QName</a> \n' +
' [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]]). The prefix <span class="name">ex</span> MUST be bound \n' +
' to a <a>namespace</a> declared in a <a>namespace declaration</a>. \n' +
' </p> \n' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
' "ex:value" %% xsd:QName \n' +
'</pre> \n' +
-' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' It\'s a legacy of the charter that time is a top level section. Time is a \n' +
-' specific kind of value, and should be folded into the "value" section. \n' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
-' <p> \n' +
-' Revisiting the example of <a href="#section-example-a">Section 3.1</a>, \n' +
-' we can now state that the report <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> \n' +
-' is a revision of the report <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</span>, \n' +
-' approved by agent <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>. \n' +
-' </p> \n' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-'entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ]) \n' +
-'entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ]) \n' +
-'wasRevisionOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, w3:Consortium) \n' +
-'</pre> \n' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
-' <p> \n' +
-' Revisiting the example of <a href="#section-example-b">Section 3.2</a>, \n' +
-' we can ascribe <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> to some \n' +
-' agents without having to make an activity explicit. \n' +
-' </p> \n' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-'agent(ex:Paolo, [ prov:type="Human" ]) \n' +
-'agent(ex:Simon, [ prov:type="Human" ]) \n' +
-'entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ]) \n' +
-'wasAttributedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:Paolo, [prov:role="editor"]) \n' +
-'wasAttributedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:Simon, [prov:role="contributor"]) \n' +
-'</pre> \n' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="anexample-time"> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
-' Consider two long running services, which we represent by activities \n' +
-' <span class="name">s1</span> and <span class="name">s2</span>. \n' +
-' </p> \n' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-'activity(s1,,,[prov:type="service"]) \n' +
-'activity(s2,,,[prov:type="service"]) \n' +
-'wasInformedBy(s2,s1) \n' +
-'</pre> \n' +
-' The last line indicates that some entity was generated by <span class="name">s1</span> and used by <span class="name">s2</span>. \n' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
-' <p> \n' +
-' Suppose activities <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> \n' +
-' are computer processes that are executed on different hosts, and that \n' +
-' <span class="name">a1</span> started <span class="name">a2</span>. This \n' +
-' can be expressed as in the following fragment: \n' +
+' In the following example, the generation time of entity <span class="name">e1</span> is expressed according to <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#dateTime">xsd:dateTime</a> \n' +
+' [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]]. \n' +
' </p> \n' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-'activity(a1,t1,t2,[ex:host="server1.example.org",prov:type="workflow"]) \n' +
-'activity(a2,t3,t4,[ex:host="server2.example.org",prov:type="subworkflow"]) \n' +
-'wasStartedBy(a2,a1) \n' +
-'</pre> \n' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
-' <p> \n' +
-' We refer to the example of <a href="#section-example-a">Section 3.1</a>, \n' +
-' and specifically to <a href="#prov-tech-report">Figure prov-tech-report</a>. \n' +
-' We can see that there is a path from <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> \n' +
-' to <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span> or to <span class="name">pr:rec-advance</span>. \n' +
-' This is expressed as follows. \n' +
-' </p> \n' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-' tracedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,w3:Consortium) \n' +
-' tracedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,pr:rec-advance) \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+' wasGeneratedBy(e1,a1, 2001-10-26T21:32:52) \n' +
'</pre> \n' +
' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' I propose to delete the following, given that this document does not \n' +
-' mention inferences. [LM] \n' +
-' <p> \n' +
-' Further considerations: \n' +
-' </p> \n' +
-' <ul> \n' +
-' <li> \n' +
-' Traceability is more general than <a href="#Derivation-Relation">Derivation</a>. \n' +
-' This means that an assertion of the form: <span class="name">tracedTo(...,e2,e1,...)</span> \n' +
-' can be inferred from an assertion of the form: <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,..)</span>. \n' +
-' The precise inference rules are specified in [REF]. \n' +
-' </li> \n' +
-' <li> \n' +
-' Traceability is related to responsibility by way of inference rules \n' +
-' that involve <a href="#term-responsibility">responsibility chain</a> \n' +
-' and <a href="#term-Generation">generation</a> relations. These rules \n' +
-' are specified in [REF] \n' +
-' </li> \n' +
-' </ul> \n' +
-' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' looking at the definition, there is something wrong. It\'s not true that e2 \n' +
-' was neceaary for e1 (in the transitive case) and that e1 bears \n' +
-' responsibility. [LM] \n' +
-' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' I find that quotation is really a misnomer. This expands into derivation \n' +
-' with attribution, in what sense is the derived entity a "quote" of the \n' +
-' original? . The agent that is quoted is particularly obscure. It does not \n' +
-' seem to be involved in the quoting at all. Why isn\'t quoting an activity \n' +
-' with the quoting agent associated with it? [PM] \n' +
-' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' Omitted as this is likely to be removed [PM] \n' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> \n' +
-' Drop this relation <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/220">ISSUE-220</a>. \n' +
-' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' I find this relation confusing. Please add an example. I wouldn\'t really \n' +
-' know when to use this. [PM] \n' +
-' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-' entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection \n' +
-' entity(v1) \n' +
-' entity(v2) \n' +
-' entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"]) \n' +
-' entity(c2, [prov:type="Collection"]) \n' +
-' \n' +
-' CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, "k1", v1) // c1 = { ("k1",v1) } \n' +
-' CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, "k2", v2) // c2 = { ("k1",v1), ("k2", v2) } \n' +
-' CollectionAfterRemoval(c3, c2, k1) // c3 = { ("k2",v2) } \n' +
+' We need to check that we are including all xsd types that are the latest \n' +
+' versions of XML Schema/RDF. \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="anexample-sub-relation"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' In the following example, <span class="name">e2</span> is a \n' +
+' translation of <span class="name">e1</span>, expressed as a sub-type \n' +
+' of derivation. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+' wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1, [prov:type="ex:Translation" %% xsd:QName]) \n' +
'</pre> \n' +
-' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' I propose to call them afterInsertion instead of CollectionAfterInsertion \n' +
-' (likewise, for deletion). What about attributes and optional Id? \n' +
-' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' Deleted further items. Some of them are constraints which belong to part \n' +
-' 2. \n' +
-' </div><div id="glossary_div" class="remove"> \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="anexample-sub-type"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' In the following example, <span class="name">e</span> is described \n' +
+' as a Car, a type of entity. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+' entity(e, [prov:type="ex:Car" %% xsd:QName]) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' </div><div id="glossary_div" class="remove"> \n' +
' <!-- glossary loaded from glossary.js will be hooked up here, class \n' +
' remove, will remove this element from the final output. --> \n' +
-' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' TO EDIT \n' +
-' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' TO EDIT \n' +
-' </div><div class="buttonpanel"> \n' +
-' <form action="#"> \n' +
-' <p> \n' +
-' <input id="hide-bnf" onclick="set_display_by_class(\'div\',\'grammar\',\'none\'); set_display_by_id(\'hide-bnf\',\'none\'); set_display_by_id(\'show-bnf\',\'\');" type="button" value="Hide Grammar" /> <input id="show-bnf" onclick="set_display_by_class(\'div\',\'grammar\',\'\'); set_display_by_id(\'hide-bnf\',\'\'); set_display_by_id(\'show-bnf\',\'none\');" style="display: none" type="button" value="Show Grammar" /> <input id="hide-examples" onclick="set_display_by_class(\'div\',\'anexample\',\'none\'); set_display_by_id(\'hide-examples\',\'none\'); set_display_by_id(\'show-examples\',\'\');" type="button" value="Hide Examples" /> <input id="show-examples" onclick="set_display_by_class(\'div\',\'anexample\',\'\'); set_display_by_id(\'hide-examples\',\'\'); set_display_by_id(\'show-examples\',\'none\');" style="display: none" type="button" value="Show Examples" /> \n' +
-' </p> \n' +
-' </form> \n' +
-' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' TODO \n' +
-' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' Tentative definition of destruction! \n' +
' </div><div class="anexample" id="a-report-example"> \n' +
' Different users may take different perspectives on a resource with a URL. \n' +
' For each perspective, an entity may be expressed: \n' +
@@ -914,17 +1834,13 @@
' A file at some point during its lifecycle, which includes multiple edits \n' +
' by multiple people, can be described by its type, its location in the file \n' +
' system, a creator, and content. \n' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> \n' +
-' We need to refine the definition of entity and activity, and all the \n' +
-' concepts in general. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/223">ISSUE-223</a>. \n' +
' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' The last point is important and needs to be discussed by the Working \n' +
-' Group. It indicates that within an account: \n' +
+' The last point is important. It indicates that within an account: \n' +
' <ul> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
' It is always possible to add new provenance descriptions, e.g. stating \n' +
-' that a given entity was used by an activity. This is very much an open \n' +
-' world assumption. \n' +
+' that a given entity was used by an activity, or derived from another. \n' +
+' This is very much an open world assumption. \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
' It is not permitted to add new attributes to a given entity (a form of \n' +
@@ -934,146 +1850,93 @@
' (cf Example <a href="#merge-with-rename">merge-with-rename</a>). \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' </ul> \n' +
-' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' <p> \n' +
-' Overview the kind of constraints \n' +
-' </p> \n' +
-' <ul> \n' +
-' <li> \n' +
-' Definitional constraints (<a href="#definitional-constraints">Section \n' +
-' 4</a>) \n' +
-' </li> \n' +
-' <li> \n' +
-' Account constraints (<a href="#account-constraints">Section 5</a>) \n' +
-' </li> \n' +
-' <li> \n' +
-' Event ordering constraints (<a href="#interpretation">Section 6</a>) \n' +
-' </li> \n' +
-' <li> \n' +
-' Structural constraints (<a href="#structural-constraints">Section 7</a>) \n' +
-' </li> \n' +
-' <li> \n' +
-' Collection constraints (<a href="#collection-constraints">Section 8</a>) \n' +
-' </li> \n' +
-' </ul> \n' +
-' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' Proposing to remove the subsections in this section, since some have no \n' +
-' constraints. \n' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> \n' +
-' There is still some confusion about what the identifiers really denote. \n' +
-' For instance, are they entity identifiers or entity record identifiers. \n' +
-' This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/183">ISSUE-183</a>. \n' +
-' An example and questions appear in <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/215">ISSUE-215</a>. A \n' +
-' related issued is also raised in <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/145">ISSUE-145</a>. \n' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> \n' +
-' The characterization interval of an entity record is currently implicit. \n' +
-' Making it explicit would allow us to define alternateOf and \n' +
-' specializationOf more precisely. Beginning and end of characterization \n' +
-' interval could be expressed by attributes (similarly to activities). How \n' +
-' do we define the end of an entity? This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/204">ISSUE-204</a>. \n' +
+' </div><div class="interpretation-forward"> \n' +
+' For the interpretation of an entity, see <a href="#usage-precedes-invalidation">usage-precedes-invalidation</a>. \n' +
' </div><div class="interpretation-forward"> \n' +
' For the interpretation of an activity, see <a href="#start-precedes-end">start-precedes-end</a>. \n' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> \n' +
-' Shouldn\'t we allow for entities (not agent) to be associated with an \n' +
-' activity? Should we drop the inference association-agent? <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/203">ISSUE-203</a>. \n' +
-' <p> \n' +
-' One can assert an agent record or alternatively, one can infer an agent \n' +
-' record by its association with an activity. \n' +
-' </p> \n' +
-' <div class="inference" id="association-agent"> \n' +
-' <span class="conditional">If</span> the records <span class="name">entity(e,attrs)</span> \n' +
-' and <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span> hold for some \n' +
-' identifiers <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span>, \n' +
-' and attribute-values <span class="name">attrs</span>, then the record \n' +
-' <span class="name">agent(e,attrs)</span> also holds. \n' +
-' </div> \n' +
-' </div><div class="inference" id="association-agent"> \n' +
-' <span class="conditional">If</span> the records <span class="name">entity(e,attrs)</span> \n' +
-' and <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span> hold for some \n' +
-' identifiers <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span>, \n' +
-' and attribute-values <span class="name">attrs</span>, then the record \n' +
-' <span class="name">agent(e,attrs)</span> also holds. \n' +
-' </div><div class="interpretation-forward"> \n' +
+' </div><div class="interpretation-forward"> \n' +
' For the interpretation of a generation, see <a href="#generation-within-activity">generation-within-activity</a>. \n' +
+' </div><div class="constraint" id="unique-generation-time"> \n' +
+' Given an entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span> and two time \n' +
+' instants <span class="name">t1</span> and <span class="name">t2</span>, \n' +
+' <span class="conditional">if</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e, \n' +
+' -, t1)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e, -, t2)</span> hold, \n' +
+' then <span class="name">t1</span>=<span class="name">t2</span>. \n' +
' </div><div class="structural-forward"> \n' +
-' See <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a> for a \n' +
-' structural constraint on generations. \n' +
+' See <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a> for further \n' +
+' structural constraints on generations. \n' +
' </div><div class="interpretation-forward"> \n' +
' For the interpretation of a usage, see <a href="#generation-precedes-usage">generation-precedes-usage</a> \n' +
' and <a href="#usage-within-activity">usage-within-activity</a>. \n' +
+' </div><div class="constraint" id="unique-startTime"> \n' +
+' Given an activity <span class="name">activity(a,t1,t2,attrs1)</span> and \n' +
+' its start <span class="name">wasStartedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs2)</span>, then \n' +
+' <span class="name">t</span>=<span class="name">t1</span>. \n' +
+' </div><div class="constraint" id="unique-endTime"> \n' +
+' Given an activity <span class="name">activity(a,t1,t2,attrs1)</span> and \n' +
+' its end <span class="name">wasEndedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs2)</span>, then <span class="name">t</span>=<span class="name">t2</span>. \n' +
+' </div><div class="constraint" id="wasInformedBy-Definition"> \n' +
+' Given two activities identified by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>, <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span> \n' +
+' holds, <span class="conditional">if and only if</span> there is an entity \n' +
+' with some identifier <span class="name">e</span> and some sets of \n' +
+' attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs1</span> and <span class="name">attrs2</span>, such that <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a1,-,attrs1)</span> \n' +
+' and <span class="name">used(a2,e,-,attrs2)</span> hold. \n' +
' </div><div class="interpretation-forward"> \n' +
-' For the interpretation of an activity association, see <a href="#wasAssociatedWith-ordering">wasAssociatedWith-ordering</a>. \n' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> \n' +
-' The activity association record does not allow for a plan to be asserted \n' +
-' without an agent. This seems over-restrictive. Discussed in the context of \n' +
-' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/203">ISSUE-203</a>. \n' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> \n' +
-' Agents should not be inferred. WasAssociatedWith should also work with \n' +
-' entities. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/206">ISSUE-206</a>. \n' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> \n' +
-' Should we define start/end records as representation of activity start/end \n' +
-' events. Should time be associated with these events rather than with \n' +
-' activities. This will be similar to what we do for entities. This is issue \n' +
-' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/207">ISSUE-207</a>. \n' +
-' </div><div class="inference" id="derivation-implications"> \n' +
-' Given two entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> the assertion \n' +
-' <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</span> holds \n' +
-' for some generation identified by <span class="name">g2</span>, and usage \n' +
-' identified by <span class="name">u1</span>, then <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:steps="single"] \n' +
-' cup; attrs)</span> also holds.<br /> Given two entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> the assertion <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2, \n' +
-' e1, [prov:steps="single"] cup; attrs)</span> holds, then <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,attrs)</span> also holds.<br /> \n' +
+' For the interpretation of an information flow ordering, see <a href="#wasInformedBy-ordering">wasInformedBy-ordering</a>. \n' +
+' </div><div class="constraint" id="wasStartedBy"> \n' +
+' Given two activities with identifiers <span class="name">a1</span> and \n' +
+' <span class="name">a2</span>, <span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,a1)</span> \n' +
+' holds <span class="conditional">if and only if</span> there exist an \n' +
+' entity with some identifier <span class="name">e</span> and some \n' +
+' attributes <span class="name">gAttr</span> and <span class="name">sAttr</span>, \n' +
+' such that <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a1,-,gAttr)</span> and <span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,e,-,sAttr)</span> hold. \n' +
+' </div><div class="interpretation-forward"> \n' +
+' For the interpretation of a control flow ordering, see <a href="#wasStartedBy-ordering">wasStartedBy-ordering</a>. \n' +
+' </div><div class="inference" id="attribution-implication"> \n' +
+' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e,ag)</span> \n' +
+' holds for some identifiers <span class="name">e</span> and <span class="name">ag</span>, <span class="conditional">then</span> there exists \n' +
+' an activity with some identifier <span class="name">a</span> such that the \n' +
+' following statements hold: \n' +
+'<pre xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'activity(a, t1, t2, attr1) \n' +
+'wasGenerateBy(e, a, -) \n' +
+'wasAssociatedWith(a, ag, -, attr2) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' for some sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attr1</span> and \n' +
+' <span class="name">attr2</span>, time <span class="name">t1</span>, and \n' +
+' <span class="name">t2</span>. \n' +
+' </div><div class="interpretation-forward"> \n' +
+' For the interpretation of an association, see <a href="#wasAssociatedWith-ordering">wasAssociatedWith-ordering</a>. \n' +
+' </div><div class="interpretation-forward"> \n' +
+' For the interpretation of responsibility, see <a href="#actedOnBehalfOf-ordering">actedOnBehalfOf-ordering</a>. \n' +
' </div><div class="interpretation-forward"> \n' +
' For the interpretation of a derivation, see <a href="#derivation-usage-generation-ordering">derivation-usage-generation-ordering</a> \n' +
' and <a href="#derivation-generation-generation-ordering">derivation-generation-generation-ordering</a> \n' +
-' </div><div class="inference" id="activity-introduction"> \n' +
-' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> \n' +
-' holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> there exist an activity, with \n' +
-' identifier <span class="name">a</span>, a usage identified by <span class="name">u</span>, and a generation identified by <span class="name">g</span> \n' +
-' such that: \n' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-'activity(a,aAttrs) \n' +
-'wasGeneratedBy(g,e2,a,gAttrs) \n' +
-'used(u,a,e1,uAttrs) \n' +
-'</pre> \n' +
-' for sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">gAttrs</span>, <span class="name">uAttrs</span>, and <span class="name">aAttrs</span>. \n' +
-' </div><div class="inference" id="derivation-time-elimination"> \n' +
-' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,t,attrs)</span> \n' +
-' holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> the following expressions \n' +
-' also hold: <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,attrs)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,t)</span>. \n' +
' </div><div class="structural-forward"> \n' +
' See <a href="#derivation-use">derivation-use</a> for a structural \n' +
' constraint on derivations. \n' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> \n' +
-' Several points were raised about the attribute steps. Its name, its \n' +
-' default value <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/180">ISSUE-180</a>. \n' +
-' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/179">ISSUE-179</a>. \n' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> \n' +
-' Emphasize the notion of \'affected by\' <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/133">ISSUE-133</a>. \n' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> \n' +
-' Simplify derivation <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/249">ISSUE-249</a>. \n' +
-' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' In order to further convey the intended meaning, the following properties \n' +
-' are associated to these two relations. \n' +
-' <ul> \n' +
-' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> is <strong>transitive</strong>: \n' +
-' <span class="name">specializationOf(e3,e2)</span> and <span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> implies <span class="name">specializationOf(e3,e1)</span>. \n' +
-' </li> \n' +
-' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> is <strong>anti-symmetric</strong>: \n' +
-' <span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> implies that <span class="name">specializationOf(e1,e2)</span> does not hold. \n' +
-' </li> \n' +
-' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="name">alternateOf(e2,e1)</span> is <strong>symmetric</strong>: \n' +
-' <span class="name">alternateOf(e2,e1)</span> implies <span class="name">alternateOf(e1,e2)</span>. \n' +
-' </li> \n' +
-' </ul> \n' +
-' There are proposals to make alternateOf a transitive property. This is \n' +
-' still under discussion and the default is for alternateOf <strong>not</strong> \n' +
-' to be transitive, and this is what the current text reflects. \n' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> \n' +
-' A discussion on alternative definition of these relations has not reached \n' +
-' a satisfactory conclusion yet. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/29">ISSUE-29</a>. Also <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/96">ISSUE-96</a>. \n' +
+' </div><div class="inference" id="wasRevision"> \n' +
+' Given two identifiers <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span> \n' +
+' identifying two entities, and an identifier <span class="name">ag</span> \n' +
+' identifying an agent, <span class="conditional">if</span> <span class="name">wasRevisionOf(e2,e1,ag)</span> holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> there exists an entity with some \n' +
+' identifier <span class="name">e</span> and some attribute-values <span class="name">eAttrs</span>, <span class="name">dAttrs</span>, such that \n' +
+' the following hold: \n' +
+'<pre xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,dAttrs) \n' +
+'entity(e,eAttrs) \n' +
+'specializationOf(e2,e) \n' +
+'specializationOf(e1,e) \n' +
+'wasAttributedTo(e2,ag) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' </div><div class="inference" id="quotation-implication"> \n' +
+' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasQuotedFrom(e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</span> \n' +
+' holds for some identifiers <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="name">e1</span>, \n' +
+' <span class="name">ag2</span>, <span class="name">ag1</span>, <span class="conditional">then</span> the following hold: \n' +
+'<pre xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1) \n' +
+'wasAttributedTo(e2,ag2) \n' +
+'wasAttributedTo(e1,ag1) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
' </div><div class="inference" id="traceability-inference"> \n' +
' Given two identifiers <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span> \n' +
' for entities, the following statements hold: \n' +
@@ -1090,24 +1953,20 @@
' also holds. \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr) \n' +
-' and wasAssociatedWith(a,e1)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span> \n' +
-' and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, <span class="conditional">then</span> \n' +
-' <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds. \n' +
+' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e2,ag1,aAttr)</span> \n' +
+' holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,ag1)</span> \n' +
+' also holds. \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr)</span>, \n' +
-' <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span> and <span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(e,e1)</span> \n' +
-' hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span>, \n' +
-' and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, <span class="conditional">then</span> \n' +
-' <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds. \n' +
+' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e2,ag2,aAttr)</span>, \n' +
+' <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr)</span>, and <span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(ag2,ag1,a,rAttr)</span> hold, for some \n' +
+' <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">ag2</span>, <span class="name">ag1</span>, <span class="name">aAttr</span>, <span class="name">gAttr</span>, and <span class="name">rAttr</span>, <span class="conditional">then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,ag1)</span> \n' +
+' also holds. \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr) \n' +
-' and wasStartedBy(a,e1,sAttr)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, \n' +
-' <span class="name">e</span>, and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, and \n' +
-' <span class="name">sAttr</span>, <span class="conditional">then</span> \n' +
-' <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds. \n' +
+' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr)</span> \n' +
+' and <span class="name">wasStartedBy(a,e1,sAttr)</span> hold, for some \n' +
+' <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">gAttr</span> , <span class="name">sAttr</span> \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e)</span> \n' +
@@ -1135,90 +1994,56 @@
' holds, or \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="name">wasBasedOn(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span> \n' +
+' <span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span> \n' +
' holds, or \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr) and \n' +
-' wasAssociatedWith(a,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span> and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, or \n' +
-' </li> \n' +
-' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr)</span>, <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span> and <span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(e,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span> \n' +
-' hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span> \n' +
-' and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, or \n' +
+' <span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e<sup>i</sup>,e)</span>, <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr)</span>, and <span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(e,e<sup>i+1</sup>,a,rAttr)</span> hold, \n' +
+' for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span> and \n' +
+' <span class="name">gAttr</span>, <span class="name">rAttr</span>, or \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' <li> \n' +
' <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr) and \n' +
' wasStartedBy(a,e<sup>i+1</sup>,sAttr)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span>, and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, and <span class="name">sAttr</span>. \n' +
' </li> \n' +
' </ul> \n' +
-' </div><div class="constraint" id="wasInformedBy-Definition"> \n' +
-' Given two activities identified by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>, <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span> \n' +
-' holds, <span class="conditional">if and only if</span> there is an entity \n' +
-' with some identifier <span class="name">e</span> and some sets of \n' +
-' attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs1</span> and <span class="name">attrs2</span>, such that <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a1,attrs1)</span> \n' +
-' and <span class="name">used(a2,e,attrs2)</span> hold. \n' +
-' </div><div class="interpretation-forward"> \n' +
-' For the interpretation of an information flow ordering, see <a href="#wasInformedBy-ordering">wasInformedBy-ordering</a>. \n' +
-' </div><div class="constraint" id="wasStartedBy"> \n' +
-' Given two activities with identifiers <span class="name">a1</span> and \n' +
-' <span class="name">a2</span>, <span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,a1)</span> \n' +
-' holds <span class="conditional">if and only if</span> there exist an \n' +
-' entity with some identifier <span class="name">e</span> and some \n' +
-' attributes <span class="name">gAttr</span> and <span class="name">sAttr</span>, \n' +
-' such that <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a1,gAttr)</span> and <span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,e,sAttr)</span> hold. \n' +
-' </div><div class="interpretation-forward"> \n' +
-' For the interpretation of a control flow ordering, see <a href="#wasStartedBy-ordering">wasStartedBy-ordering</a>. \n' +
-' </div><div class="inference" id="wasRevision"> \n' +
-' Given two identifiers <span class="name">old</span> and <span class="name">new</span> \n' +
-' identifying two entities, and an identifier <span class="name">ag</span> \n' +
-' identifying an agent, <span class="conditional">if</span> <span class="name">wasRevisionOf(new,old,ag)</span> holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> there exists an entity with some \n' +
-' identifier <span class="name">e</span> and some attribute-values <span class="name">eAttrs</span>, <span class="name">dAttrs</span>, such that \n' +
-' the following hold: \n' +
-' <ul> \n' +
-' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(new,old,dAttrs)</span>; \n' +
-' </li> \n' +
-' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="name">entity(e,eAttrs)</span>; \n' +
-' </li> \n' +
-' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="name">specializationOf(new,e)</span>; \n' +
-' </li> \n' +
-' <li> \n' +
-' <span class="name">specializationOf(old,e)</span>. \n' +
-' </li> \n' +
-' </ul> \n' +
-' The derivation may be imprecise-1 or imprecise-n. \n' +
-' </div><div class="inference" id="attribution-implication"> \n' +
-' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e,ag)</span> \n' +
-' holds for some identifiers <span class="name">e</span> and <span class="name">ag</span>, <span class="conditional">then</span>, there \n' +
-' exists an activity with some identifier <span class="name">a</span> such \n' +
-' that the following statements hold: \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="anexample-not-symmetric"> \n' +
+' "Alice\'s toyota car on fifth Avenue" is a specialization of "Alice\'s \n' +
+' toyota car", but the converse does not hold. \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="anexample-specialization-not-anti-symmetric"> \n' +
+' anti-symmetric counter-example??? \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="anexample-specialization-is-transitive"> \n' +
+' A specialization of "this email message" would be, for example, the \n' +
+' "printed version on my desk", which is a specialization of "my thoughts on \n' +
+' this email thread". So, the "printed version on my desk" is also a \n' +
+' specialization "my thoughts on this email thread". \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample" id="anexample-alternate-not-transitive1"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' At 6pm, the customer in a chair is a woman in a red dress, who happens \n' +
+' to be Alice. After she leaves, another customer arrives at 7pm, a man \n' +
+' with glasses, who happens to be Bob. Transitivity does not hold since \n' +
+' the <span class="name">womanInRedDress</span> is not alternate of <span class="name">customerInChairAt7pm</span>. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
'<pre xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-'activity(a,t1,t2,attr1) \n' +
-'wasGenerateBy(e,a) \n' +
-'wasAssociatedWith(a,ag,attr2) \n' +
+'alternate(womanInRedDress,customerInChairAt6pm) \n' +
+'specialization(customerInChairAt6pm,Alice) \n' +
+'specialization(womanInRedDress,Alice) \n' +
+' \n' +
+'alternate(manWithGlasses,customerInChairAt7pm) \n' +
+'specialization(customerInChairAt7pm,Bob) \n' +
+'specialization(manWithGlasses,Bob) \n' +
+' \n' +
+'alternate(customerInChairAt6pm, customerInChairAt7pm) \n' +
+'specialization(customerInChairAt6pm, customerInChair) \n' +
+'specialization(customerInChairAt7pm, customerInChair) \n' +
'</pre> \n' +
-' for some sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attr1</span> and \n' +
-' <span class="name">attr2</span>, time <span class="name">t1</span>, and \n' +
-' <span class="name">t2</span>. \n' +
-' </div><div class="inference" id="quotation-implication"> \n' +
-' <span class="conditional">If</span> <span class="name">wasQuotedFrom(e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</span> \n' +
-' holds for some identifiers <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="name">e1</span>, \n' +
-' <span class="name">ag2</span>, <span class="name">ag1</span>, <span class="conditional">then</span> the following hold: \n' +
-'<pre xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-'wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1) \n' +
-'wasAttributedTo(e2,ag2) \n' +
-'wasAttributedTo(e1,ag1) \n' +
-'</pre> \n' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> \n' +
-' Drop this relation <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/220">ISSUE-220</a>. \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
+' Two copies of the same book, where copy A was destroyed before copy B was \n' +
+' made. \n' +
' </div><div class="anexample" id="example-two-entities-one-id"> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
' Let us consider two descriptions of a same entity, which we have taken \n' +
-' from two different contexts (see example). A working draft published by \n' +
-' the <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>: \n' +
+' from two different contexts. A working draft published by the <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>: \n' +
' </p> \n' +
'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
'entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ]) \n' +
@@ -1229,19 +2054,20 @@
'</pre> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
' Both descriptions are about the same entity identified by <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>, but they contain different \n' +
-' attributes, reflecting the context in which they occur. \n' +
+' attributes, describing the situation or partial state of the these \n' +
+' entities according to the context in which they occur. \n' +
' </p> \n' +
' </div><div class="constraint" id="unique-description-in-account"> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
' Given an entity identifier <span class="name">e</span>, there is at most \n' +
-' one description <span class="name">entity(e,av)</span> occurring in a \n' +
-' given account, where <span class="name">av</span> is some set of \n' +
+' one description <span class="name">entity(e,attrs)</span> occurring in a \n' +
+' given account, where <span class="name">attrs</span> is some set of \n' +
' attribute-values. Other descriptions of the same entity can exist in \n' +
' different accounts. \n' +
' </p> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
-' This constraint similarly applies to all other types of identifiable \n' +
-' entities and relations. \n' +
+' This constraint similarly applies to all other types and relations, with \n' +
+' explicit identity. \n' +
' </p> \n' +
' </div><div class="structural-forward"> \n' +
' See Section <a href="#structural-constraints">structural-constraints</a> \n' +
@@ -1262,11 +2088,14 @@
' </div><div class="interpretation" id="generation-precedes-usage"> \n' +
' For any entity, the following ordering constraint holds: the <a title="entity generation event">generation</a> of an entity always <a>precedes</a> \n' +
' any of its <a title="entity usage event">usages</a>. \n' +
+' </div><div class="interpretation" id="usage-precedes-invalidation"> \n' +
+' For any entity, the following ordering constraint holds: any <a title="entity usage event">usage</a> of an entity always <a>precedes</a> \n' +
+' its <a title="entity invalidation event">invalidation</a>. \n' +
' </div><div class="interpretation" id="usage-within-activity"> \n' +
' Given an activity with identifier <span class="name">a</span>, an entity \n' +
' with identifier <span class="name">e</span>, a set of attribute-value \n' +
' pairs <span class="name">attrs</span>, and optional time <span class="name">t</span>, \n' +
-' <span class="conditional">if</span> assertion <span class="name">used(a,e,attrs)</span> \n' +
+' <span class="conditional">if</span> <span class="name">used(a,e,attrs)</span> \n' +
' or <span class="name">used(a,e,attrs,t)</span> holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> the following ordering constraint holds: \n' +
' the <a title="entity usage event">usage</a> of the entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity end event">end</a> \n' +
' of activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> and <a>follows</a> its \n' +
@@ -1285,18 +2114,14 @@
' with identifier <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, \n' +
' a generation identified by <span class="name">g2</span>, and a usage \n' +
' identified by <span class="name">u1</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> \n' +
-' <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1,attrs)</span> or <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:steps="single"] cup; attrs)</span> \n' +
-' holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> the following ordering \n' +
-' constraint holds: the <a title="entity usage event">usage</a> of entity \n' +
-' denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="entity generation event">generation</a> of the entity denoted by \n' +
+' <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1,attrs)</span> holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> the following ordering constraint holds: \n' +
+' the <a title="entity usage event">usage</a> of entity denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="entity generation event">generation</a> of the entity denoted by \n' +
' <span class="name">e2</span>. \n' +
' </div><div class="interpretation" id="derivation-generation-generation-ordering"> \n' +
-' Given two entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:steps="any"] cup; attrs)</span> \n' +
-' holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> the following ordering \n' +
-' constraint holds: the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> \n' +
-' of the entity denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> <a>precedes</a> the \n' +
-' <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> of the entity \n' +
-' denoted by <span class="name">e2</span>. \n' +
+' Given two entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1, attrs)</span> holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> the following ordering constraint holds: \n' +
+' the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> of the entity \n' +
+' denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> of the entity denoted \n' +
+' by <span class="name">e2</span>. \n' +
' </div><div class="interpretation" id="wasInformedBy-ordering"> \n' +
' Given two activities denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span> holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> \n' +
' the following ordering constraint holds: the <a title="activity start event">start event</a> of the activity denoted by \n' +
@@ -1306,45 +2131,57 @@
' the following ordering constraint holds: the <a title="activity start event">start</a> event of the activity denoted by \n' +
' <span class="name">a1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity start event">start event</a> of the activity denoted by \n' +
' <span class="name">a2</span>. \n' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> \n' +
-' In the following, we assume that we can talk about the end of an entity \n' +
-' (or agent) For this, we use the term \'destruction\' This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/204">ISSUE-204</a>. \n' +
' </div><div class="interpretation" id="wasStartedByAgent-ordering"> \n' +
-' Given an activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> and an agent \n' +
-' denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> \n' +
-' <span class="name">wasStartedBy(a,ag)</span> holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> the following ordering constraints hold: \n' +
+' Given an activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> and an entity \n' +
+' denoted by <span class="name">e</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> \n' +
+' <span class="name">wasStartedBy(a,e)</span> holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> the following ordering constraints hold: \n' +
' the <a title="activity start event">start</a> event of the activity \n' +
-' denoted by <span class="name">a</span> <a>follows</a> the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> for agent denoted by \n' +
-' <span class="name">ag</span>, and <a>precedes</a> the destruction event of \n' +
-' the same agent. \n' +
+' denoted by <span class="name">a</span> <a>follows</a> the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> for entity <span class="name">e</span>, and <a>precedes</a> the invalidation event of the \n' +
+' same entity. \n' +
+' </div><div class="interpretation" id="wasEndedByAgent-ordering"> \n' +
+' Given an activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> and an entity \n' +
+' denoted by <span class="name">e</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> \n' +
+' <span class="name">wasEndedBy(a,e)</span> holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> \n' +
+' the following ordering constraints hold: the <a title="activity end event">end</a> \n' +
+' event of the activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> <a>follows</a> \n' +
+' the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> for entity \n' +
+' <span class="name">e</span>, and <a>precedes</a> the invalidation event of \n' +
+' the same entity. \n' +
' </div><div class="interpretation" id="wasAssociatedWith-ordering"> \n' +
' Given an activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> and an agent \n' +
' denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> \n' +
' <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,ag)</span> holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> the following ordering constraints hold: \n' +
' the <a title="activity start event">start</a> event of the activity \n' +
-' denoted by <span class="name">a</span> precedes the destruction event of \n' +
+' denoted by <span class="name">a</span> precedes the invalidation event of \n' +
' the agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, and the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> for agent denoted by \n' +
' <span class="name">ag</span> <a>precedes</a> the activity <a title="activity end event">end</a> event. \n' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> \n' +
-' For completeness, we should define ordering constraint for \n' +
-' wasAssociatedWith and actedOnBehalfOf. For wasAssociatedWith(a,ag), it \n' +
-' feels that ag must have some overlap with a. For \n' +
-' actedOnBehalfOf(ag1,ag2,a), it seem that ag2 should have existed before \n' +
-' the overlap between ag1 and a. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/221">ISSUE-221</a>. \n' +
-' </div><div class="issue"> \n' +
-' It is suggested that a stronger name for wasAssociatedWith should be \n' +
-' adopted. This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/182">ISSUE-182</a>. \n' +
+' </div><div class="interpretation" id="wasAttributedWith-ordering"> \n' +
+' Given an entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span> and an agent \n' +
+' denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> \n' +
+' <span class="name">wasAttributedWith(e,ag)</span> holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> the following ordering constraints hold: \n' +
+' the <a title="entity generation event">generation</a> event of the entity \n' +
+' denoted by <span class="name">e</span> precedes the invalidation event of \n' +
+' the agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, and the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> for agent denoted by \n' +
+' <span class="name">ag</span> <a>precedes</a> the entity <a title="entity invalidation event">invalidation</a> event. \n' +
+' </div><div class="interpretation" id="actedOnBehalfOf-ordering"> \n' +
+' Given two agents <span class="name">ag1</span> and <span class="name">ag2</span>, \n' +
+' <span class="conditional">if</span> <span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(ag2,ag1)</span> \n' +
+' holds, <span class="conditional">then</span> the following ordering \n' +
+' constraints hold: the <a title="entity generation event">generation</a> \n' +
+' event of the agent denoted by <span class="name">ag2</span> precedes the \n' +
+' invalidation event of agent <span class="name">ag1</span>, and the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> for agent denoted by \n' +
+' <span class="name">ag1</span> <a>precedes</a> <a title="entity invalidation event">invalidation</a> event for <span class="name">ag2</span>. \n' +
' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
-' In the following assertions, a workflow execution <span class="name">a0</span> \n' +
+' In the following descriptions, a workflow execution <span class="name">a0</span> \n' +
' consists of two sub-workflow executions <span class="name">a1</span> and \n' +
' <span class="name">a2</span>. Sub-workflow execution <span class="name">a2</span> \n' +
' generates entity <span class="name">e</span>, so does <span class="name">a0</span>. \n' +
' </p> \n' +
'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-'activity(a0,,,[prov:type="workflow execution"]) \n' +
-'activity(a1,,,[prov:type="workflow execution"]) \n' +
-'activity(a2,,,[prov:type="workflow execution"]) \n' +
+'activity(a0, [prov:type="workflow execution"]) \n' +
+'activity(a1, [prov:type="workflow execution"]) \n' +
+'activity(a2, [prov:type="workflow execution"]) \n' +
'wasInformedBy(a2,a1) \n' +
' \n' +
'wasGeneratedBy(e,a0) \n' +
@@ -1359,7 +2196,7 @@
' </p> \n' +
' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
-' The same example is now revisited, with the following assertions that \n' +
+' The same example is now revisited, with the following descriptions that \n' +
' are structurally well-formed. Two accounts are introduced, and there is \n' +
' a single generation for entity <span class="name">e</span> per account. \n' +
' </p> \n' +
@@ -1367,181 +2204,146 @@
' In a first account, entitled "summary", we find: \n' +
' </p> \n' +
'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-' activity(a0,t1,t2,[prov:type="workflow execution"]) \n' +
-' wasGeneratedBy(e,a0) \n' +
+'activity(a0,t1,t2,[prov:type="workflow execution"]) \n' +
+'wasGeneratedBy(e,a0,-) \n' +
'</pre> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
' In a second account, entitled "detail", we find: \n' +
' </p> \n' +
'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-' activity(a1,t1,t3,[prov:type="workflow execution"]) \n' +
-' activity(a2,t3,t2,[prov:type="workflow execution"]) \n' +
-' wasInformedBy(a2,a1) \n' +
-' wasGeneratedBy(e,a2) \n' +
+'activity(a1,t1,t3,[prov:type="workflow execution"]) \n' +
+'activity(a2,t3,t2,[prov:type="workflow execution"]) \n' +
+'wasInformedBy(a2,a1) \n' +
+'wasGeneratedBy(e,a2,-) \n' +
'</pre> \n' +
' </div><div class="constraint" id="generation-uniqueness"> \n' +
' Given an entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span>, two activities \n' +
' denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>, \n' +
+' two time instants <span class="name">t1</span> and <span class="name">t2</span>, \n' +
' and two sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs1</span> and \n' +
' <span class="name">attrs2</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> \n' +
-' <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id1,e,a1,attrs1)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id2,e,a2,attrs2)</span> exist in the scope of \n' +
-' a given account, <span class="conditional">then</span> <span class="name">id1</span>=<span class="name">id2</span>, <span class="name">a1</span>=<span class="name">a2</span> \n' +
+' <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id1, e, a1, t1, attrs1)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id2, e, a2, t2, attrs2)</span> exist in the \n' +
+' scope of a given account, <span class="conditional">then</span> <span class="name">id1</span>=<span class="name">id2</span>, <span class="name">a1</span>=<span class="name">a2</span>, <span class="name">t1</span>=<span class="name">t2</span> \n' +
' and <span class="name">attrs1</span>=<span class="name">attrs2</span>. \n' +
' </div><div class="inference" id="derivation-use"> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
-' Given an activity with identifier <span class="name">a</span>, entities \n' +
-' denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, \n' +
-' and a set of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs2</span>, \n' +
-' <span class="conditional">if</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1, \n' +
-' [prov:steps="single"])</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,attrs2)</span> \n' +
-' hold, <span class="conditional">then</span> <span class="name">used(a,e1,attrs1)</span> \n' +
-' also holds for some set of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs1</span>. \n' +
-' </p> \n' +
-' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' Can the semantics characterize better what can be achieved with \n' +
-' structurally well-formed accounts? \n' +
-' </div><div class="note" id="note-related-to-issue-105"> \n' +
-' Satya discussed the example of a sculpture, whose hand and leg are \n' +
-' sculpted independently by two different sculptors. He suggested that the \n' +
-' sculpture is generated by two distinct activities. This section explains \n' +
-' that it is not the case. The example can be formulated as follows. \n' +
-' <p> \n' +
-' <a href="examples/sculpture.prov-asn">Sculpture example in ASN</a> \n' +
+' Given an activity <span class="name">a</span>, entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, and sets of \n' +
+' attribute-value pairs <span class="name">dAttrs</span>, <span class="name">gAttrs</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1, a, dAttrs)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,-,gAttrs)</span> hold, <span class="conditional">then</span> <span class="name">used(a,e1,-,uAttrs)</span> \n' +
+' also holds for some set of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">uAttrs</span>. \n' +
' </p> \n' +
-' <p> \n' +
-' <a href="examples/sculpture.png">Sculpture example image</a> \n' +
-' </p> \n' +
-' <p> \n' +
-' We see that ex:s_3 (the sculpture in its final state) was derived from \n' +
-' ex:l_2 (containment) which was generated by ex:a2. However, ex:s_3 is \n' +
-' not directly generated by ex:a2. We may want to consider an abbreviation \n' +
-' for this: wasGeneratedBy*(ex:s_3,ex:a2). \n' +
-' </p> \n' +
-' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' Raw material taken from prov-dm3. Some further text required. \n' +
-' </div><div class="constraint" id="collection-parallel-insertions"> \n' +
-' <p> \n' +
-' One can have multiple assertions regarding the state of a collection \n' +
-' following a <em>set</em> of insertions, for example: \n' +
-' </p> \n' +
+' </div><div class="constraint" id="membership-as-insertion"> \n' +
+' <span class="name">memberOf(c, {(k1, v1), ...})</span> holds <span class="conditional">if and only if</span> there exists a collection <span class="name">c0</span>, such that <span class="name">derivedByInsertionFrom(c, \n' +
+' c0, {(k1, v1), ...})</span>. \n' +
+' </div><div class="constraint" id="collection-unique-derivation"> \n' +
+' A collection MUST NOT be derived through multiple insertions, removal, or \n' +
+' membership relations. \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
+' Consider the following descriptions about three collections. \n' +
'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-'CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, k1, v1) \n' +
-'CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, k2, v2) \n' +
-'... \n' +
+'entity(c1, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName]) \n' +
+'entity(c2, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName]) \n' +
+'entity(c3, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName]) \n' +
+' \n' +
+' \n' +
+'derivedByInsertionFrom(c3, c1, {("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)}) \n' +
+'derivedByInsertionFrom(c3, c2, {("k3", e3)}) \n' +
'</pre> \n' +
' <p> \n' +
-' This is interpreted as <em>" <span class="name">c2</span> is the state \n' +
-' that results from inserting <span class="name">(k1, v1)</span>, <span class="name">(k2, v2)</span> etc. into <span class="name">c1</span>"</em> \n' +
+' There is no interpretation for such descriptions since <span class="name">c3</span> \n' +
+' is derived multiple times by insertion. \n' +
' </p> \n' +
-' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' Shouldn\'t we have the same for deletion, and combination of insertion and \n' +
-' deletion? \n' +
-' </div><div class="constraint" id="collection-branching-derivations"> \n' +
-' It is possible to have multiple derivations from a single root collection, \n' +
-' as shown in the following example. \n' +
-' <div class="anexample"> \n' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-' entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection \n' +
-' entity(v1) \n' +
-' entity(v2) \n' +
-' entity(v3) \n' +
-' entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"]) \n' +
-' entity(c2, [prov:type="Collection"]) \n' +
-' entity(c3, [prov:type="Collection"]) \n' +
-' \n' +
-' CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 = { (k1,v1) } \n' +
-' CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c, k2, v2) // c2 = { (k2 v2) } \n' +
-' CollectionAfterInsertion(c3, c1, k3,v3) // c3 = { (k1,v1), (k3,v3) } \n' +
-'</pre> \n' +
-' </div> \n' +
' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' As a particular case, collection <span class="name">c</span> is derived \n' +
+' multiple times from the same <span class="name">c1</span>. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-' entity(c, [prov:type="EmptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection \n' +
-' entity(v1) \n' +
-' entity(v2) \n' +
-' entity(v3) \n' +
-' entity(c1, [prov:type="Collection"]) \n' +
-' entity(c2, [prov:type="Collection"]) \n' +
-' entity(c3, [prov:type="Collection"]) \n' +
-' \n' +
-' CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 = { (k1,v1) } \n' +
-' CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c, k2, v2) // c2 = { (k2 v2) } \n' +
-' CollectionAfterInsertion(c3, c1, k3,v3) // c3 = { (k1,v1), (k3,v3) } \n' +
-'</pre> \n' +
-' </div><div class="constraint" id="collection-unique-ancestor"> \n' +
-' Given the pair of assertions: \n' +
-'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-'CollectionAfterInsertion(c, c1, k1, v1) \n' +
-'CollectionAfterInsertion(c, c2, k2, v2) \n' +
+'derivedByInsertionFrom(id1, c, c1, {("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)}) \n' +
+'derivedByInsertionFrom(id2, c, c1, {("k3", e3), ("k4", e4)}) \n' +
'</pre> \n' +
-' it follows that <span class="name">c1==c2</span>. \n' +
-' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' Original text stated it follows that <span class="name">c1==c2, k1==k2, \n' +
-' v1==v2</span>, because one cannot have two different derivations for the \n' +
-' same final collection state. This is incompatible with parallel insertion \n' +
-' constraint. \n' +
-' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' Shouldn\'t we have the same for deletion, and combination of insertion and \n' +
-' deletion? \n' +
-' </div><div class="constraint" id="collection-unique-value-for-key"> \n' +
-' Given the following set of insertions: \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' The interpretation of such descriptions is also unspecified. \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' To describe the insertion of the 4 key-entity pairs, one would instead \n' +
+' write: \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-'CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k, v1) \n' +
-'CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k, v2) \n' +
+'derivedByInsertionFrom(id1, c, c1, {("k1", e1), ("k2", e2), ("k3", e3), ("k4", e4)}) \n' +
'</pre> \n' +
-' it follows that <span class="name">v1==v2</span>. \n' +
' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
+' <p> \n' +
+' The following descriptions \n' +
+' </p> \n' +
'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-' entity(c, [prov:type="collection"]) // e is a collection, possibly not empty \n' +
-' entity(v1) \n' +
-' entity(v2, [prov:type="collection"]) // v2 is a collection \n' +
-' \n' +
-' CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 <em>includes</em> { (k1,v1) } but may contain additional unknown pairs \n' +
-' CollectionAfterInsertion(c2, c1, k2, v2) // c2 includes { (k1,v1), (k2 v2) } where v2 is a collection with unknown state \n' +
+'derivedByInsertionFrom(c, c1, {("k1", e1)}) \n' +
+'derivedByRemovalFrom(c, c2, {"k2"}) \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' have no interpretation. Nor have the following: \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'derivedByInsertionFrom(c, c1, {("k1", e1)}) \n' +
+'memberOf(c, {"k2"}). \n' +
'</pre> \n' +
' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
-' entity(c, [prov:type="emptyCollection"]) // e is an empty collection \n' +
-' entity(v1) \n' +
-' entity(v2) \n' +
+'entity(c0, [prov:type="prov:EmptyCollection" %% xsd:QName]) // c0 is an empty collection \n' +
+'entity(c1, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName]) \n' +
+'entity(c2, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName]) \n' +
+'entity(c3, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName]) \n' +
+'entity(e1) \n' +
+'entity(e2) \n' +
+'entity(e3) \n' +
' \n' +
-' CollectionAfterInsertion(c1, c, k1, v1) // c1 = { (k1,v1) } \n' +
-' wasDerivedFrom(c2, c1) // the asserted knows that c2 is somehow derived from c1, but cannot assert the precise sequence of updates \n' +
-' CollectionAfterInsertion(c3, c2, k2, v2) \n' +
+'derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c0, {("k1", e1)}) \n' +
+'derivedByInsertionFrom(c2, c0, {("k2", e2)}) \n' +
+'derivedByInsertionFrom(c3, c1, {("k3", e3)}) \n' +
'</pre> \n' +
-' <p> \n' +
-' Here <span class="name">c3</span> includes <span class="name">{ (k2 v2) \n' +
-' }</span> but the earlier "gap" leaves uncertainty regarding <span class="name">(k1,v1)</span> (it may have been removed) or any other pair \n' +
-' that may have been added as part of the derivation activities. \n' +
-' </p> \n' +
-' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' Purely tentative \n' +
-' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' What is the meaning here? Is it any different? Are stating anything \n' +
-' about newer version of tr:prov-dm that occur after \n' +
-' 2011-12-15T12:00:00? \n' +
-' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' What is the meaning here? that only the version that was created by \n' +
-' this event is attributed to ex:Simon, but not previous ones. This \n' +
-' means that it is not specfied whether he was an author in anterior \n' +
-' versions. \n' +
-' </div><div class="note"> \n' +
-' Speculative, since we have not defined the destruction event (yet?. \n' +
-' What is the meaning here? that only the versions that existed during \n' +
-' this characterization interval were attributed to ex:Simon. \n' +
-' </div><span class="glossary" id="glossary-account"> An <dfn>account</dfn> is a \n' +
-' named bundle of provenance descriptions. </span><span class="glossary" id="glossary-entity"> <dfn id="concept-accountEntity">AccountEntity</dfn> is the category of entities \n' +
-' that are accounts, i.e. named bundles of provenance descriptions. </span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">entity(e,attrs)</span><span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">attrs</span><span class="name">agent(e,attrs)</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</span><span class="name">g2</span><span class="name">u1</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:steps="single"] \n' +
-' cup; attrs)</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2, \n' +
-' e1, [prov:steps="single"] cup; attrs)</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,attrs)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">u</span><span class="name">g</span><span class="name">gAttrs</span><span class="name">uAttrs</span><span class="name">aAttrs</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(g, \n' +
-' e2, a, attrs2)</span><span class="name">used(u, a, e1, \n' +
-' attrs1)</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">attrs1</span><span class="name">attrs2</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2, \n' +
-' e1, a, g, u)</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,t,attrs)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,attrs)</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,t)</span><span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span><span class="name">specializationOf(e3,e2)</span><span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span><span class="name">specializationOf(e3,e1)</span><span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span><span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e1)</span><span class="name">specializationOf(e1,e2)</span><span class="name">alternateOf(e2,e1)</span><span class="name">alternateOf(e2,e1)</span><span class="name">alternateOf(e1,e2)</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">g2</span><span class="name">u1</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr) \n' +
-' and wasAssociatedWith(a,e1)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">gAttr</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr)</span><span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span><span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(e,e1)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">gAttr</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr) \n' +
-' and wasStartedBy(a,e1,sAttr)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">gAttr</span><span class="name">sAttr</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e)</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e,e1)</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">tracedTo(r2,r1,attrs)</span><span class="name">r2</span><span class="name">r1</span><span class="name">attrs</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">e<sup>0</sup></span><span class="name">e<sup>1</sup></span><span class="name">e<sup>n</sup></span><span class="name">nge;1</span><span class="name">e<sup>0</sup></span><span class="name">r2</span><span class="name">e<sup>n</sup></span><span class="name">r1</span><span class="name">0le;ile;n-1</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>,a,g2,u1)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">g2</span><span class="name">u1</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span><span class="name">wasBasedOn(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr) and \n' +
-' wasAssociatedWith(a,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">gAttr</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr)</span><span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,e)</span><span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(e,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">gAttr</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr) and \n' +
-' wasStartedBy(a,e<sup>i+1</sup>,sAttr)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">gAttr</span><span class="name">sAttr</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span><span class="conditional">if and only if</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">attrs1</span><span class="name">attrs2</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a1,attrs1)</span><span class="name">used(a2,e,attrs2)</span><span class="name">wasInformedBy</span><span class="name">wasInformedBy(a3,a1)</span><span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">wasInformedBy(a3,a2)</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a3</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">a3</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a3</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,a1)</span><span class="conditional">if and only if</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">gAttr</span><span class="name">sAttr</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a1,gAttr)</span><span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,e,sAttr)</span><span class="name">wasStartedBy</span><span class="name">wasStartedBy</span><span class="name">wasStartedBy</span><span class="name">old</span><span class="name">new</span><span class="name">ag</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasRevisionOf(new,old,ag)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">eAttrs</span><span class="name">dAttrs</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(new,old,dAttrs)</span><span class="name">entity(e,eAttrs)</span><span class="name">specializationOf(new,e)</span><span class="name">specializationOf(old,e)</span><span class="name">wasRevisionOf</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e,ag)</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">ag</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">attr1</span><span class="name">attr2</span><span class="name">t1</span><span class="name">t2</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasQuotedFrom(e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">ag2</span><span class="name">ag1</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">w3:Consortium</span><span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">entity(e,av)</span><span class="name">av</span><span class="name">alternateOf</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">attrs</span><span class="name">t</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">used(a,e,attrs)</span><span class="name">used(a,e,attrs,t)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">attrs</span><span class="name">t</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a,attrs)</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a,attrs,t)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">g2</span><span class="name">u1</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1,attrs)</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:steps="single"] cup; attrs)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,[prov:steps="any"] cup; attrs)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,a1)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">ag</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasStartedBy(a,ag)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">ag</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">ag</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,ag)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">ag</span><span class="name">ag</span><span class="name">g1</span><span class="name">g2</span><span class="name">a0</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">a0</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">a0</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">attrs1</span><span class="name">attrs2</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id1,e,a1,attrs1)</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id2,e,a2,attrs2)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">id1</span><span class="name">id2</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">attrs1</span><span class="name">attrs2</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">attrs2</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1, \n' +
-' [prov:steps="single"])</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,attrs2)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">used(a,e1,attrs1)</span><span class="name">attrs1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span><span class="name">used(a,e1)</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,attrs2)</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">c2</span><span class="name">(k1, v1)</span><span class="name">(k2, v2)</span><span class="name">c1</span><span class="name">c1==c2</span><span class="name">c1==c2, k1==k2, \n' +
-' v1==v2</span><span class="name">v1==v2</span><span class="name">c2</span><span class="name">c3</span><span class="name">{ (k2 v2) \n' +
-' }</span><span class="name">(k1,v1)</span><span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span><span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span><span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span><span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</span><span class="name">w3:Consortium</span><span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span><span class="name">w3:Consortium</span><span class="name">ex:acc1</span><span class="name">ex:acc1</span><span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span><span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span></html> \n' +
+' From this set of descriptions, we conclude: \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+' c1 = { ("k1", e1) } \n' +
+' c2 = { ("k2", e2) } \n' +
+' c3 = { ("k1", e1), ("k3", e3)} \n' +
+'</pre> \n' +
+' </div><div class="anexample"> \n' +
+' In the example, the state of <span class="name">c2</span> is only \n' +
+' partially known because the collection is constructed from partially known \n' +
+' other collections. \n' +
+'<pre class="codeexample" xml:space="preserve"> \n' +
+'entity(c0, [prov:type="prov:EmptyCollection" %% xsd:QName]) // c0 is an empty collection \n' +
+'entity(c1, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName]) \n' +
+'entity(c2, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName]) \n' +
+'entity(c3, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName]) \n' +
+'entity(e1) \n' +
+'entity(e2) \n' +
+' \n' +
+'derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c0, {("k1", e1)}) \n' +
+'wasDerivedFrom(c2, c1) \n' +
+'derivedByInsertionFrom(c3, c2, {("k2", e2)}) \n' +
+' </pre> \n' +
+' From this set of descriptions, we conclude: \n' +
+' <ul> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="name">c1 = { ("k1", e1) }</span> \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="name">c2</span> is somehow derived from <span class="name">c1</span>, \n' +
+' but the precise sequence of updates is unknown \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' <li> \n' +
+' <span class="name">c3</span> includes <span class="name">("k2", e2)</span> \n' +
+' but the earlier "gap" leaves uncertainty regarding <span class="name">("k1", \n' +
+' e1)</span> (it may have been removed) or any other pair that may have \n' +
+' been added as part of the derivation activities. \n' +
+' </li> \n' +
+' </ul> \n' +
+' </div><span class="glossary" id="glossary-account"> An <dfn>account</dfn> is a \n' +
+' entity that contains a bundle of provenance descriptions. </span><span class="name">Account</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">t1</span><span class="name">t2</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e, \n' +
+' -, t1)</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e, -, t2)</span><span class="name">t1</span><span class="name">t2</span><span class="name">activity(a,t1,t2,attrs1)</span><span class="name">wasStartedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs2)</span><span class="name">t</span><span class="name">t1</span><span class="name">activity(a,t1,t2,attrs1)</span><span class="name">wasEndedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs2)</span><span class="name">t</span><span class="name">t2</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span><span class="conditional">if and only if</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">attrs1</span><span class="name">attrs2</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a1,-,attrs1)</span><span class="name">used(a2,e,-,attrs2)</span><span class="name">wasInformedBy</span><span class="name">wasInformedBy(a3,a1)</span><span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">wasInformedBy(a3,a2)</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a3</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">a3</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a3</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,a1)</span><span class="conditional">if and only if</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">gAttr</span><span class="name">sAttr</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a1,-,gAttr)</span><span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,e,-,sAttr)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e,ag)</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">ag</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">attr1</span><span class="name">attr2</span><span class="name">t1</span><span class="name">t2</span><span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a, \n' +
+' ag, -, attr)</span><span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a, -, \n' +
+' pl, attr)</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(g, \n' +
+' e2, a, -, attrs2)</span><span class="name">used(u, a, e1, \n' +
+' -, attrs1)</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">attrs1</span><span class="name">attrs2</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g, u)</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">ag</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasRevisionOf(e2,e1,ag)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">eAttrs</span><span class="name">dAttrs</span><span class="name">wasRevisionOf(e2,e1,-,attr)</span><span class="name">wasRevisionOf</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasQuotedFrom(e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">ag2</span><span class="name">ag1</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">wasQuotedFrom(e2,e1,-,-,attrs)</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">g2</span><span class="name">u1</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e2,ag1,aAttr)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e2,ag1)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e2,ag2,aAttr)</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr)</span><span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(ag2,ag1,a,rAttr)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">ag2</span><span class="name">ag1</span><span class="name">aAttr</span><span class="name">gAttr</span><span class="name">rAttr</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e2,ag1)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr)</span><span class="name">wasStartedBy(a,e1,sAttr)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">gAttr</span><span class="name">sAttr</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e)</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e,e1)</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span><span class="conditional">If</span><span class="name">tracedTo(r2,r1,attrs)</span><span class="name">r2</span><span class="name">r1</span><span class="name">attrs</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">e<sup>0</sup></span><span class="name">e<sup>1</sup></span><span class="name">e<sup>n</sup></span><span class="name">nge;1</span><span class="name">e<sup>0</sup></span><span class="name">r2</span><span class="name">e<sup>n</sup></span><span class="name">r1</span><span class="name">0le;ile;n-1</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>,a,g2,u1)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">g2</span><span class="name">u1</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span><span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e<sup>i</sup>,e<sup>i+1</sup>)</span><span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e<sup>i</sup>,e)</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr)</span><span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(e,e<sup>i+1</sup>,a,rAttr)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">gAttr</span><span class="name">rAttr</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sup>i</sup>,a,gAttr) and \n' +
+' wasStartedBy(a,e<sup>i+1</sup>,sAttr)</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">gAttr</span><span class="name">sAttr</span><span class="name">specializationOf(e1,e2)</span><span class="name">T1-2</span><span class="name">specializationOf(e2,e3)</span><span class="name">T2-3</span><span class="name">T1-2</span><span class="name">T2-3</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">alternate(e,e)</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">alternate(e1,e2)</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">alternate(e2,e1)</span><span class="name">alternate(e1,e2)</span><span class="name">e1-2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1-2</span><span class="name">alternate(e2,e3)</span><span class="name">e2-3</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e3</span><span class="name">e2-3</span><span class="name">e1-3</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e3</span><span class="name">womanInRedDress</span><span class="name">customerInChairAt7pm</span><span class="name">customerInChairAt6pm</span><span class="name">customerInChairAt7pm</span><span class="name">womanInRedDress</span><span class="name">customerInChairAt6pm</span><span class="name">w3:Consortium</span><span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">entity(e,attrs)</span><span class="name">attrs</span><span class="name">alternateOf</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">attrs</span><span class="name">t</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">used(a,e,attrs)</span><span class="name">used(a,e,attrs,t)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">attrs</span><span class="name">t</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a,attrs)</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a,attrs,t)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">g2</span><span class="name">u1</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1,attrs)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1, attrs)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,a1)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasStartedBy(a,e)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasEndedBy(a,e)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">ag</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,ag)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">ag</span><span class="name">ag</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">ag</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasAttributedWith(e,ag)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">ag</span><span class="name">ag</span><span class="name">ag1</span><span class="name">ag2</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(ag2,ag1)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">ag2</span><span class="name">ag1</span><span class="name">ag1</span><span class="name">ag2</span><span class="name">g1</span><span class="name">g2</span><span class="name">a0</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">a0</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">a0</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">e</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">t1</span><span class="name">t2</span><span class="name">attrs1</span><span class="name">attrs2</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id1, e, a1, t1, attrs1)</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id2, e, a2, t2, attrs2)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">id1</span><span class="name">id2</span><span class="name">a1</span><span class="name">a2</span><span class="name">t1</span><span class="name">t2</span><span class="name">attrs1</span><span class="name">attrs2</span><span class="name">a</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">dAttrs</span><span class="name">gAttrs</span><span class="conditional">if</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1, a, dAttrs)</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,-,gAttrs)</span><span class="conditional">then</span><span class="name">used(a,e1,-,uAttrs)</span><span class="name">uAttrs</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span><span class="name">used(a,e1,-)</span><span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,-)</span><span class="name">e1</span><span class="name">e2</span><span class="name">memberOf(c, {(k1, v1), ...})</span><span class="conditional">if and only if</span><span class="name">c0</span><span class="name">derivedByInsertionFrom(c, \n' +
+' c0, {(k1, v1), ...})</span><span class="name">c3</span><span class="name">c</span><span class="name">c1</span><span class="name">c2</span><span class="name">c1 = { ("k1", e1) }</span><span class="name">c2</span><span class="name">c1</span><span class="name">c3</span><span class="name">("k2", e2)</span><span class="name">("k1", \n' +
+' e1)</span></html> \n' +
' ' ;
--- a/model/comments/issue-331-Khalid.txt Fri Apr 20 01:10:42 2012 +0100
+++ b/model/comments/issue-331-Khalid.txt Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -147,8 +147,6 @@
attributes.
-What you suggest can be expressed with
-derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c0, {("k1", e1), ("k2", e2), ...})
-where c0 is an empty collection.
+We have added an optional attribute complete to the relation membship
+to address this specific point.
-Do we need another relation for this?
--- a/model/comments/issue-331-Satya.txt Fri Apr 20 01:10:42 2012 +0100
+++ b/model/comments/issue-331-Satya.txt Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -214,6 +214,9 @@
> Section MailScanner has detected a possible fraud attempt from "4.7.4.2" claiming to be 4.7.4.2:
> 1. Location is not covered by either XSD or RDF specification (from Section 4.7.5)?
>
+
+No, we leave the encoding of locations open, but they must be values.
+
> Minor:
> Section 4.2.4:
> 1. Use "superior" instead of "responsible" for actedOnBehalfOf
--- a/model/comments/issue-331-Tim.txt Fri Apr 20 01:10:42 2012 +0100
+++ b/model/comments/issue-331-Tim.txt Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -517,7 +517,8 @@
> and the paragraph. Perhaps a simple diagram would help follow. (but then this would be inconsistent with other definitions…)
>
-TODO: ??? add a picture?
+We could add a figure, but, as said, it would be inconsistent.
+We have reorganized the example. Hopefully, it is now more readable.
>
>
--- a/model/comments/issue-331-graham.txt Fri Apr 20 01:10:42 2012 +0100
+++ b/model/comments/issue-331-graham.txt Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -460,7 +460,9 @@
> "id: an identifier for an entity;" - this is redundant and potentially
> confusing. Suggest "id: an identifier".
-TODO: ?????????, no action
+It was agreed a long time ago that the identifier identifies the entity as opposed to the record. So, we don't see what is redundant or confusing here.
+
+Could you raise an issue and/or clarify your comment?
>
> "attributes: an optional set of attribute-value pairs ((attr1, val1), ...)
@@ -626,6 +628,8 @@
TODO: I think there is some value in stating there is an other document to
look at, and outline what it tackles.
+Section was renamed, and trimmed down.
+
>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/comments/issue-332-Tim.txt Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+PROV-N editors,
+
+I think the draft is acceptable for public release.
+Please see my general comments below.
+
+Regards,
+Tim
+
+http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/releases/ED-prov-dm-20120402/prov-n.html
+
+
+==================
+General comments
+
+1)
+Perhaps "RDF's reliance on triples" should be "RDF's insistence on triples" :-)
+
+PM: text has been changed
+
+2)
+the intro to syntactic marker - shows assertions with a missing marker for the id (the first position)
+
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, -, -)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, -, -, -)
+
+should be
+
+wasDerivedFrom(-, e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+wasDerivedFrom(-, e2, e1, a, -, -)
+wasDerivedFrom(-, e2, e1, -, -, -)
+
+
+apparently the marker is optional. Why is it optional?
+
+PM because the grammar is smarter than it looks... it does allow the id to disappear completely. This is not intuitive and Luc and I had a discussion about this, which led to the conclusion that this is convenient but the parser only works because of some other peculiarity of the grammar. So it may be wise to revisit the grammar at a later stage.
+
+That the ID can disappear is now made clear in the text, sec. 2.4:
+"Additionally, the grammar rules are defined in such a way that the optional identifier can be omitted altogether with no ambiguity arising."
+
+
+
+3)
+I'm not sure what to take away from this:
+"""
+ PROV-N exposes attributes that PROV-DM provides an interpretation for [PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS] directly as positional arguments of expressions, whereas those for which PROV-DM provides no interpretation are expressed among the optional attribute-value pairs. This latter category of attributes includes prov:label, prov:location, prov:role, and prov:type.
+"""
+* suggest adding an example of the two (start time is positional, foo=bar and prov:role are latter category)
+
+PM: text has changed now, entire sentence gone
+
+
+
+4)
+I was a bit surprised that DM and -constraints says that "it is assumed that containers exist", but then PROV-N does it.
+I guess it makes sense.
+
+PM: the DM should perhaps point to the PROV-N entry where this is defined (sec. 4).
+
+
+
+5)
+entityExpression ::= entity ( identifier optional-attribute-values )
+
+but "identifier" is not defined anywhere within view.
+* recommend adding a link to the productions that are not defined within view.
+
+PM we are considering this. good suggestion, quite a bit of additional work involved :-)
+
+
+6)
+expression
+ ::=
+entityExpression | activityExpression | generationExpression | usageExpression
+ | startExpression | endExpression | communicationExpression | startByActivityExpression
+ | agentExpression | attributionExpression | associationExpression | responsibilityExpression
+ | derivationExpression | revisionExpression | quotationExpression
+ | hadOriginalSourceExpression | traceabilityExpression
+ | alternateExpression | specializationExpression
+ | noteExpression | annotationExpression
+
+* recommend adding these as links to their production (and in general, anywhere one is mentioned it should be a link)
+
+PM: see earlier comment
+
+
+
+7)
+Why are the identifiers not in a prefix?
+e.g.
+
+ "i" in wasInformedBy(i, ex:a1, ex:a2)
+
+This occurs throughout.
+And the places like "
+wasAttributedTo(e, ag)
+" don't have prefixes on other arguments.
+
+PM: because the syntax for identifiers allows this, unlike that for RDF/Turtle where you need either a prefix or just a :
+
+see 3.7.2:
+A qualified name's prefix is optional. If a prefix occurs in a qualified name, it refers to a namespace declared in a namespace declaration. In the absence of prefix, the qualified name refers to the default namespace
+
+
+
+
+8)
+Ensuring spaces follow commas in the examples would help readability.
+
+PM: this is now mostly the case everywhere -- we may have missed a few?
+
+9)
+Looks like we hit the RDF vs XML xsd namespace problem again:
+"xsd denotes the XML Schema namespace http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema."
+
+PM: not sure how to deal with this. More insight, please?
+
+
+
+
+10)
+(My Turtle bias showing)
+When I define the default namespace, do I use NO colon or JUST a colon?
+I.e., is the error on the first or second entity in:
+
+container
+ default <http://example.org/0/>
+
+ entity(isThisOK)
+
+ entity(:orIsThis)
+
+end
+
+Or, another way, "Is the colon part of the prefix?" In Turtle it is not, the XML side would say it is.
+This is touched on in section 4.7.2 Identifier
+
+Can I have:
+
+container
+
+ prefix : <http://example.org/99/>
+
+ entity(:isThisOK)
+
+end
+
+PM: NO colon is my understanding from 3.7.2. Luc please confirm?
+
+
+
+11)
+Getting rid of %% QName would be nice
+
+"prov:type="ex:Programmer" %% xsd:QName"
+
+(per note "Wouldn't it be useful to introduce a literal for a qualified name? Currenlty, we have to write:")
+
+PM: agreed. no proposed solution yet but aware of the problem
+
+
+
+12)
+
+Why is prov:AccountEntity not just prov:Account?
+Should we rename prov:Plan to prov:PlanEntity and prov:EmptyCollection to prov:EmptyCollectionEntity ? (please, no.)
+
+PM: edited into prov:Account. Luc please check as you may have used AccountEntity deliberately?
+
+
+13)
+In the example:
+
+container
+ prefix ex <http://example.org/>
+
+ entity(e2,
+
+…
+What is the namespace for e2?
+(Yes, my RDF bias shows here, sorry.)
+
+PM: the default namespace? I guess here the prefix is just not used.
+
+
+
+14)
+why distinguish containers and accounts?
+Why not use the container as the account, and let the container be named or unnamed?
+Is it because XML needs a root element :-)
+
+PM: I let Luc answer this one
+
+
+On Mar 29, 2012, at 9:38 AM, Provenance Working Group Issue Tracker wrote:
+
+> PROV-ISSUE-332 (review-prov-n-wd5): issue to collect feedback on prov-n wd5 [prov-n]
+>
+> http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/332
+>
+> Raised by: Luc Moreau
+> On product: prov-n
+>
+> When sending feedback on prov-n document wd5, please send it under this issue or individual new issues.
+>
+>
+>
+>
+>
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/diff.html Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,3250 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN' 'http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd'>
+<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
+<head><style type="text/css"><!--
+
+.insert { background-color: #aaffaa }
+.delete { background-color: #ff8888; text-decoration: line-through }
+.tagInsert { background-color: #007700; color: #ffffff }
+.tagDelete { background-color: #770000; color: #ffffff }
+
+--></style>
+ <title>PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</title>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
+
+
+ <style type="text/css">
+ .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
+ </style>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ <style type="text/css">
+/*****************************************************************
+ * ReSpec CSS
+ * Robin Berjon (robin at berjon dot com)
+ * v0.05 - 2009-07-31
+ *****************************************************************/
+
+
+/* --- INLINES --- */
+em.rfc2119 {
+ text-transform: lowercase;
+ font-variant: small-caps;
+ font-style: normal;
+ color: #900;
+}
+
+h1 acronym, h2 acronym, h3 acronym, h4 acronym, h5 acronym, h6 acronym, a acronym,
+h1 abbr, h2 abbr, h3 abbr, h4 abbr, h5 abbr, h6 abbr, a abbr {
+ border: none;
+}
+
+dfn {
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+a.internalDFN {
+ color: inherit;
+ border-bottom: 1px solid #99c;
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+a.externalDFN {
+ color: inherit;
+ border-bottom: 1px dotted #ccc;
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+a.bibref {
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+code {
+ color: #ff4500;
+}
+
+
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+pre.idl {
+ border-top: 1px solid #90b8de;
+ border-bottom: 1px solid #90b8de;
+ padding: 1em;
+ line-height: 120%;
+}
+
+pre.idl::before {
+ content: "WebIDL";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ background: #90b8de;
+ color: #fff;
+ font-family: initial;
+ padding: 3px;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ margin: -1em 0 1em -1em;
+}
+
+.idlType {
+ color: #ff4500;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/*.idlModule*/
+/*.idlModuleID*/
+/*.idlInterface*/
+.idlInterfaceID, .idlDictionaryID {
+ font-weight: bold;
+ color: #005a9c;
+}
+
+.idlSuperclass {
+ font-style: italic;
+ color: #005a9c;
+}
+
+/*.idlAttribute*/
+.idlAttrType, .idlFieldType, .idlMemberType {
+ color: #005a9c;
+}
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+}
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+ color: #ff4500;
+ border-bottom: 1px dotted #ff4500;
+ text-decoration: none;
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+/*.idlMethod*/
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+.idlTypedefID, .idlTypedefType {
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+
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+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
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+}
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+ font-family: monospace;
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+}
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+}
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+}
+
+a .secno {
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+}
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+ font-weight: bold;
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+}
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+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #ffc;
+}
+
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+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
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+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #cff6d9;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+/* --- Best Practices --- */
+div.practice {
+ border: solid #bebebe 1px;
+ margin: 2em 1em 1em 2em;
+}
+
+span.practicelab {
+ margin: 1.5em 0.5em 1em 1em;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ font-style: italic;
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+</style><link href="./extra.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" charset="utf-8"><link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-ED" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" charset="utf-8"></head>
+ <body style="display: inherit; "><div class="head"><p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img width="72" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" alt="W3C"></a></p><h1 class="title" id="title">PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</h1><h2 id="subtitle"><span class="delete">WD5 for</span><span class="insert">WD5, being updated following</span> internal review</h2><h2 id="w3c-editor-s-draft-17-april-2012"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Editor's Draft <span class="delete">02</span><span class="insert">17</span> April 2012</h2><dl><dt>This version:</dt><dd><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html</a></dd><dt>Latest published version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a></dd><dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt><dd><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html</a></dd><dt>Previous version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-dm-20120202/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-dm-20120202/</a></dd><dt>Editors:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/">Luc Moreau</a>, University of Southampton</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/Paolo.Missier">Paolo Missier</a>, Newcastle University</dd>
+<dt><span class="delete">Contributors:</span><span class="insert">Authors:</span></dt><dd><a href="http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Khalid_Belhajjame">Khalid Belhajjame</a>, University of Manchester</dd>
+<dd><span><span class="insert">Reza B'Far</span></span><span class="insert">, Oracle Corporation</span></dd>
+<dd><span>Stephen Cresswell</span>, legislation.gov.uk</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://www.isi.edu/~gil/">Yolanda Gil</a>, Invited Expert</dd>
+<dd><span class="delete">Reza B'Far</span><span class="delete">, Oracle Corporation</span>
+<a href="http://www.few.vu.nl/~pgroth/">Paul Groth</a>, VU University of Amsterdam</dd>
+<dd><span>Graham Klyne</span>, University of Oxford</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://tw.rpi.edu/web/person/JamesMcCusker">Jim McCusker</a>, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/simonm/">Simon Miles</a>, Invited Expert</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://www.rpi.edu/research/ccni/">James Myers</a>, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://cci.case.edu/cci/index.php/Satya_Sahoo">Satya Sahoo</a>, Case Western Reserve University</dd>
+<dd><span><span class="insert">Curt Tilmes</span></span><span class="insert">, National Aeronautics and Space Administration</span></dd>
+</dl><p class="copyright"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> © 2012 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym></a><sup>®</sup> (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.</p><hr></div>
+
+ <div id="abstract" class="introductory section"><h2>Abstract</h2>
+<p>
+PROV-DM, the PROV data model, is a data model for provenance that describes
+the entities, people and activities involved in
+producing a piece of data or thing.
+PROV-DM is structured in six components, dealing with:
+(1) entities and activities, and the time at which they were created, used, or ended;
+(2) agents bearing responsibility for entities that were generated and <span class="delete">actities</span><span class="insert">activities</span> that happened;
+(3) derivations <span class="delete">between</span><span class="insert">of entities from</span> entities;
+(4) properties to link entities that refer to a same thing;
+(5) collections <span class="delete">of entities, whose provenance can itself be tracked;</span><span class="insert">forming a logical structure for its members;</span>
+(6) a simple annotation mechanism.
+</p>
+
+<p>This document introduces the provenance concepts <span class="delete">underpinning
+</span><span class="insert">found in
+PROV and defines </span>PROV-DM <span class="delete">in natural language,</span><span class="insert">types</span> and<span class="delete"> systematically defines PROV-DM types and</span>
+relations. PROV data model is domain-agnostic, but is equipped with
+extensibility points <span class="delete">allow</span><span class="insert">allowing</span> domain-specific information to be included. </p>
+
+<p>Two further documents complete the specification of PROV-DM.
+First, a companion document specifies the set of constraints that
+<span class="delete">well-structured </span>provenance descriptions should <span class="delete">follow; these provide
+an interpretation for provenance descriptions.</span><span class="insert">follow.</span> Second,<span class="delete"> to
+be able to provide</span><span class="insert">
+a separate document describes a provenance notation for expressing
+instances of provenance for human consumption; this notation is used in</span> examples <span class="delete">of provenance, a notation is used for
+expressing instances of PROV-DM for human consumption; the syntactic
+details of </span><span class="insert">in
+</span>this<span class="delete"> notation are also kept in a separate</span> document. </p>
+
+ </div><div id="sotd" class="introductory section"><h2>Status of This Document</h2><p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> technical reports index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em></p>
+<h4 id="prov-family-of-specifications">PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
+This document is part of the PROV family of specifications, a set of specifications <span class="delete">aiming to define the</span><span class="insert">defining</span> various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
+interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. The specifications <span class="delete">are as follows.</span><span class="insert">are:</span>
+<ul>
+<li> PROV-DM, the PROV data model for provenance (this <span class="delete">document),</span><span class="insert">document);</span></li>
+<li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS, a set of constraints applying to the PROV data <span class="delete">model,</span><span class="insert">model;</span></li>
+<li> PROV-N, a notation for provenance aimed at human <span class="delete">consumption,</span><span class="insert">consumption;</span></li>
+<li> PROV-O, the PROV ontology, an OWL-RL ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF;</li>
+<li> PROV-AQ, the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance; </li>
+<li> PROV-PRIMER, a primer for the PROV data <span class="delete">model,</span><span class="insert">model;</span></li>
+<li> PROV-SEM, a formal semantics<span class="insert"> for the PROV data model;</span></li>
+<li><span class="insert"> PROV-XML, an XML schema</span> for the PROV data model.</li>
+</ul>
+<h4 id="how-to-read-the-prov-family-of-specifications"><span class="insert">How to read the PROV Family of Specifications</span></h4>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="delete"> PROV-XML,</span><span class="insert">The primer is the entry point to PROV offering</span> an <span class="delete">XML schema for the PROV data</span><span class="insert">introduction to the provenance</span> model.</li>
+
+<span class="delete">How to read the PROV Family of Specifications</span>
+
+<li>The <span class="delete">primer is the entry point</span><span class="insert">Linked Data and Semantic Web community should focus on PROV-O defining PROV classes and properties specified in an OWL-RL ontology. For further details, PROV-DM and PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS specify the constraints applicable</span> to <span class="delete">PROV offering a pedagogical presentation of the provenance model.</span><span class="insert">the data model, and its interpretation. PROV-SEM provides a mathematical semantics.</span></li>
+<li>The <span class="delete">Linked Data and Semantic Web community should focus on PROV-O defining PROV classes and properties specified in an OWL-RL ontology. For further details, PROV-DM and PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS specify the constraints applicable to the data model, and its interpretation. PROV-SEM provides a mathematical semantics.</span>
+<span class="delete">The </span>XML community should focus on PROV-XML defining an XML schema for PROV-DM. Further details can also be found in PROV-DM, PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS, and PROV-SEM.</li>
+<li>Developers seeking to retrieve or publish provenance should focus <span class="delete">of</span><span class="insert">on</span> PROV-AQ.</li>
+<li>Readers seeking to implement other PROV serializations
+should focus on PROV-DM and PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS. PROV-O, PROV-N, PROV-XML offer examples of mapping to RDF, text, and XML, respectively.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<h4 id="fourth-public-working-draft">Fourth Public Working Draft</h4>
+<p>This is the fourth public release of the PROV-DM document. Following feedback, the Working Group has decided to reorganize this document substantially, separating the data <span class="delete">model,</span><span class="insert">model</span> from its <span class="delete">contraints,</span><span class="insert">contraints</span> and the notation used to illustrate it. The PROV-DM release is synchronized with the release of the PROV-O, PROV-PRIMER, PROV-N, <span class="insert">and </span>PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS documents. We are now <span class="delete">making clear what</span><span class="insert">clarifying</span> the entry path to the PROV family of <span class="delete">specifications is.</span><span class="insert">specifications.</span></p>
+<p>This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/">Provenance Working Group</a> as an Editor's Draft. If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to <a href="mailto:public-prov-wg@w3.org">public-prov-wg@w3.org</a> (<a href="mailto:public-prov-wg-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>, <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-wg/">archives</a>). All feedback is welcome.</p><p>Publication as an Editor's Draft does not imply endorsement by the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.</p><p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>. <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>.</p></div><div id="toc" class="section"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#introduction" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction<br>
+</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#structure-of-this-document" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.1 </span>Structure of this Document</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#conventions" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1.2 </span><span class="delete">PROV Namespace</span><span class="delete">1.3 </span><span class="insert">Notational </span>Conventions</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#starting-points" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span><span class="delete">PROV-DM</span><span class="insert">PROV</span> Starting Points</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-entity-activity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.1 </span>Entity and Activity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-generation-usage-derivation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.2 </span>Generation, Usage, Derivation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-agents-attribution-association-responsibility" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">2.3 </span></span><span class="insert">Agents, Attribution, Association, and Responsibility</span></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-types-entities-agents" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="delete">2.3 </span><span class="delete">Agents</span><span class="insert">2.4 </span></span><span class="insert">Further Entities: Collections</span> and <span class="delete">Other Types of Entities</span><span class="delete">2.4 </span><span class="delete">Attribution, Association, and Responsibility</span><span class="insert">Accounts</span></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-UML" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.5 </span>Simplified Overview Diagram</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-n" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2.6 </span>PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#prov-dm-example" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>Illustration of PROV-DM by an Example</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-example-one" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.1 </span>The <span class="delete">Process</span><span class="insert">Authors</span> View</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-example-two" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.2 </span>The <span class="delete">Authors</span><span class="insert">Process</span> View</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#section-example-c" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3.3 </span>Attribution of Provenance</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#data-model-components" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span>PROV-DM Types and Relations</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#component1" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.1 </span>Component 1: Entities and Activities</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Entity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.1.1 </span>Entity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Activity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.1.2 </span>Activity</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Generation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.1.3 </span>Generation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Usage" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.1.4 </span>Usage</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Start" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.1.5 </span>Start</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-End" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.1.6 </span>End</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-wasInformedBy" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.1.7 </span>Communication</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-wasStartedByActivity" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.1.8 </span>Start by Activity</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component2" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.2 </span>Component 2: Agents and Responsibility</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Agent" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.2.1 </span>Agent</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribution" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.2.2 </span>Attribution</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-ActivityAssociation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.2.3 </span>Association</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-responsibility" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.2.4 </span>Responsibility</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component3" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3 </span>Component 3: Derivations</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#Derivation-Relation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.1 </span>Derivation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-Revision" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.2 </span>Revision</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-quotation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.3 </span>Quotation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-original-source" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.4 </span>Original Source</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-traceability" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3.5 </span>Traceability</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component4" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.4 </span>Component 4: Alternate Entities</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-specialization" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.4.1 </span>Specialization</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-alternate" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.4.2 </span>Alternate</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component5" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.5 </span>Component 5: Collections</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-collection" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.5.1 </span>Collection</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-collection-insertion" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.5.2 </span>Insertion</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-collection-removal" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.5.3 </span>Removal</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-collection-membership" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.5.4 </span>Membership</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#component6" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.6 </span>Component 6: Annotations</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-note" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.6.1 </span>Note</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-annotation" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.6.2 </span>Annotation</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#second-class-elements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.7 </span>Further Elements of PROV-DM</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-NamespaceDeclaration" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.7.1 </span>Namespace Declaration</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-qualified-name" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.7.2 </span>Qualified Name</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-identifier" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.7.3 </span>Identifier</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.7.4 </span>Attribute</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-label" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.7.4.1 </span>prov:label</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-location" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.7.4.2 </span>prov:location</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-role" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.7.4.3 </span>prov:role</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-type" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.7.4.4 </span>prov:type</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-attribute-value" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><span class="insert">4.7.4.5 </span></span><span class="insert">prov:value</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#term-value" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.7.5 </span>Value</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#extensibility-section" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5. </span>PROV-DM Extensibility Points</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#valid-provenance" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">6. </span><span class="delete">Towards a Refinement of the PROV Data Model</span><span class="insert">Creating Valid Provenance</span></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A. </span>Acknowledgements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B. </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B.1 </span>Normative references</a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">B.2 </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div id="introduction" class="section">
+ <h2><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction<br>
+</h2>
+
+<p>
+For the purpose of this specification, <dfn id="dfn-provenance">provenance</dfn> is defined as a record that describes the people,
+institutions, entities, and activities involved in producing,
+influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a thing.
+In particular, the provenance of information is crucial in deciding
+whether information is to be trusted, how it should be integrated with
+other diverse information sources, and how to give credit to its
+originators when reusing it. In an open and inclusive environment
+such as the Web, where users find information that is often contradictory or
+questionable, provenance can help those users to make trust judgements.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+<span class="delete">The idea that a single way of representing and collecting provenance could be adopted internally by all systems does not seem to be realistic today. Instead, a pragmatic approach is to</span><span class="insert">We</span>
+consider a core data model for provenance that allows domain and application specific representations of provenance to be translated into such a data model and<span class="delete"> exchanged</span> <em><span class="insert">interchanged</span></em> between systems.
+<span class="delete">Heterogeneous</span><span class="insert">Thus, heterogeneous</span> systems can <span class="delete">then </span>export their<span class="insert"> native</span> provenance into such a core data model, and applications that need to make sense of provenance in heterogeneous systems can then import it,
+process it, and reason over it.</p>
+
+<p><span class="delete">Thus, the vision is that different provenance-aware systems natively adopt their own model for representing their provenance, but a core provenance data model can be readily adopted as a
+provenance </span><span class="delete">interchange</span><span class="delete"> model across such systems.</span>
+
+A set of specifications, referred to as the PROV family of specifications, define the various aspects
+that are necessary to achieve this vision in an interoperable
+way:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>A data model for provenance, which is presented in three documents:
+<ul>
+<li> PROV-DM (part I): the provenance data <span class="delete">model itself, expressed in natural language</span><span class="insert">model, informally described</span> (this document);
+</li><li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS (part II): constraints underpinning the data model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>];
+</li><li> PROV-N (part III): a notation to express instances of that data model for human consumption [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>];
+</li></ul>
+</li>
+<li>PROV-O: the PROV ontology, an OWL-RL ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-O">PROV-O</a></cite>];</li>
+<li>PROV-AQ: the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-AQ">PROV-AQ</a></cite>];</li>
+<li>PROV-PRIMER: a primer for the PROV approach [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-PRIMER">PROV-PRIMER</a></cite>];</li>
+<li>PROV-SEM: semantics of the PROV-DM data model [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-SEM">PROV-SEM</a></cite>];</li>
+<li>PROV-XML: an XML schema for the PROV data model.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<p><span class="delete">
+ PROV-DM</span><span class="insert">
+The PROV data model</span> is a domain-agnostic model, but with clear extensibility points allowing further domain-specific and
+application-specific extensions to be defined.
+The PROV data model is structured according to six components covering various aspects of provenance:</p>
+<ul>
+<li> component 1: entities and activities, and the time at which they were created, used, or ended;
+</li><li> component 2: agents bearing responsibility for entities that were generated and <span class="delete">actities</span><span class="insert">activities</span> that happened;
+</li><li> component 3: derivations <span class="delete">between entities;</span><span class="insert">of entities from others;</span>
+</li><li> component 4: properties to link entities that refer to a same thing;
+</li><li> component 5: collections of entities, whose provenance can itself be tracked;
+</li><li> component 6: a simple annotation mechanism.
+</li></ul>
+
+
+<p>This specification <span class="delete">intentionally </span>presents the key concepts of the PROV Data Model, <span class="insert">and
+provenance types and relations, </span>without <span class="delete">drilling down into all its subtleties. Using these key concepts,</span><span class="insert">specific concern for how they are applied.
+With these,</span> it becomes possible to write useful provenance <span class="delete">descriptions very quickly,</span><span class="insert">descriptions,</span> and publish or embed them along side the data they relate to. </p>
+
+<p>However, if <span class="insert">something about which provenance is expressed is subject to change, then it is challenging to express its provenance precisely (e.g. the </span>data <span class="delete">changes, then it</span><span class="insert">from which a daily weather report</span> is <span class="delete">challenging</span><span class="insert">derived changes from day</span> to <span class="delete">express its provenance precisely, like it would be for any other form of metadata. </span><span class="insert">day).
+ </span>To address this challenge, a <em>refinement</em> is proposed to enrich simple provenance, with <span class="delete">extra-descriptions</span><span class="insert">extra descriptions</span> that help qualify the specific subject of provenance and provenance itself, with attributes and temporal <span class="delete">interval,</span><span class="insert">information,</span> intended to satisfy a comprehensive set of constraints. These aspects are covered in the companion specification [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>].
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div id="structure-of-this-document" class="section">
+<h3><span class="secno">1.1 </span>Structure of this Document</h3>
+
+<p><a href="#starting-points">Section 2</a> provides starting points for the PROV Data Model, listing a set of types and relations, which <span class="delete">are </span>allows users to make initial provenance descriptions.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#prov-dm-example">Section 3</a> illustrates how <span class="delete">PROV-DM</span><span class="insert">the PROV data model</span> can be used
+to express the provenance of a report published on the Web.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#data-model-components">Section 4</a> provides the <span class="delete">definition of PROV-DM</span><span class="insert">definitions of PROV</span> concepts, structured according to six components.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#extensibility-section">Section 5</a> summarizes PROV-DM extensibility points.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#valid-provenance">Section 6</a> introduces the idea that constraints can be applied to the PROV data model to refine provenance descriptions; these are covered in the companion specification [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>].</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+ <span class="delete">1.2 </span><span class="delete">PROV Namespace</span>
+
+
+<span class="delete">The PROV namespace is </span><span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</span><span class="delete">.</span>
+
+<span class="delete"> All the concepts, reserved names and attributes introduced in this specification belong to the PROV namespace.</span>
+
+
+
+
+ <div id="conventions" class="section">
+<h3><span class="secno"><span class="delete">1.3 </span><span class="insert">1.2 </span></span><span class="insert">Notational </span>Conventions</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>The key words "<em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="must not">must not</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="required">required</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="shall">shall</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="shall
+ not">shall
+ not</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="should">should</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="should not">should not</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="recommended">recommended</em>", "<em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em>", and
+ "<em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em>" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
+ [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RFC2119">RFC2119</a></cite>].</p>
+
+
+
+<p><span class="insert">
+The following namespaces prefixes are used throughout this document.
+
+</span></p><div style="text-align: left;">
+<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="namespace-table"><span class="insert">Table 1: Prefix and Namespaces used in this specification</span></caption>
+<tbody><tr><td><a><bf><span class="insert">prefix</span></bf></a></td><td><bf><span class="insert">namespace uri</span></bf></td> <td><bf><span class="insert">definition</span></bf></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a><span class="insert">prov</span></a></td><td><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</span></td><td><span class="insert">The PROV namespace (see Section </span><a href="#term-NamespaceDeclaration"><span class="insert">4.7.1</span></a><span class="insert">)</span></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a><span class="insert">xsd</span></a></td><td><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema#</span></td><td><span class="insert">XML Schema Namespace [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA-2"><span class="insert">XMLSCHEMA-2</span></a></cite><span class="insert">]</span></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a><span class="insert">rdf</span></a></td><td><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#</span></td><td><span class="insert">The RDF namespace [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-CONCEPTS"><span class="insert">RDF-CONCEPTS</span></a></cite><span class="insert">]</span></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a><span class="insert">(others)</span></a></td><td><span class="insert">(various)</span></td><td><span class="insert">All other namespace prefixes are used in examples only. </span><br><span class="insert"> In particular, URIs starting with "http://example.com" represent</span><br><span class="insert"> some application-dependent URI [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-URI"><span class="insert">URI</span></a></cite><span class="insert">]</span></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div id="starting-points" class="section">
+<h2><span class="secno">2. </span><span class="delete">PROV-DM</span><span class="insert">PROV</span> Starting Points</h2>
+
+<p>
+This section <span class="delete">provides an introduction to the PROV data model by
+overviewing a set of</span><span class="insert">introduces provenance</span> concepts <span class="delete">underpinning provenance</span><span class="insert">with informal</span> descriptions<span class="delete">
+that a novice reader would write in a first instance. In Sections 2.1
+to 2.4, these concepts are described in natural language</span> and<span class="delete">
+illustrated by small </span><span class="insert"> illustrative
+</span>examples. Since PROV-DM is a conceptual data
+model, Section 2.5 maps the concepts to various types and relations,
+which are illustrated graphically in
+a <span class="insert">simplified UML diagram in </span><a href="#prov-dm-overview"><span class="delete">simplified UML diagram</span><span class="insert">Figure 1</span></a>. Section 2.6
+then summarizes the PROV notation allowing instances of PROV-DM to be
+written down.
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<form action="#"><p>
+<input id="hide-examples" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','conceptexample','none'); set_display_by_id('hide-examples','none'); set_display_by_id('show-examples','');" type="button" value="Hide Concept Examples">
+<input id="show-examples" onclick="set_display_by_class('div','conceptexample',''); set_display_by_id('hide-examples',''); set_display_by_id('show-examples','none');" style="display: none" type="button" value="Show Concept Examples">
+</p>
+</form>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div id="section-entity-activity" class="section">
+<h3><span class="secno">2.1 </span>Entity and Activity</h3>
+
+
+<p>Things we want to describe the provenance of are called <em>entities</em> in PROV. The term "things" encompasses a broad diversity of notions, including digital objects such as a file or web page,
+physical things such as a building or a printed book, or a car as well as abstract concepts and ideas. <span class="delete">One can regard any Web resource as an example of Entity in this context. </span></p>
+
+<p>
+</p><div class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html">
+ An <span class="dfn">entity</span> is a <span class="delete">thing one wants to provide provenance for. For the purpose of this specification, things can</span><span class="insert">physical, digital, conceptual, or other kind of thing; entities may</span> be <span class="delete">physical, digital, conceptual,</span><span class="insert">real</span> or<span class="delete"> otherwise; things may be real or</span> imaginary. </div>
+
+
+
+<div class="conceptexample" id="entity-example">
+<p>An entity may be the document at URI <span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</span><a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17526723"><span class="insert">http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17526723</span></a>, a file in a file system, a car, or an idea.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"> An <span class="dfn">activity</span> is something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with <span class="insert">entities; it may include consuming, processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, generating, or being associated with </span>entities. <span class="delete">This action can take multiple forms: consuming, processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, generating, or being associated with entities. </span></span> Activities that operate on digital entities may for example move, copy, or duplicate them.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="conceptexample" id="activity-example">
+<p>An activity may be the publishing of a document on the Web, sending a twitter message, extracting metadata embedded in a file, driving a car from Boston to Cambridge, assembling a data set based on a set of measurements, performing a statistical analysis over a data set, sorting news items according to some criteria, running a SPARQL query over a triple store, <span class="delete">and</span><span class="insert">or</span> editing a file.</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+ <div id="section-generation-usage-derivation" class="section">
+<h3><span class="secno">2.2 </span>Generation, Usage, Derivation</h3>
+
+<p>Activities and entities are associated with each other in two different ways: activities <span class="delete">are consumers of</span><span class="insert">utilize</span> entities and activities<span class="delete"> are producers of</span><span class="insert"> produce</span> entities. The act of <span class="insert">utilizing or </span>producing<span class="delete"> or consuming</span> an entity may have a duration.
+ The term 'generation' refers to the completion of the <span class="delete">the </span>act of producing; likewise, the term 'usage' refers to the beginning of the act of <span class="delete">consuming</span><span class="insert">utilizing</span> entities. Thus, we define the following notions of generation and usage. </p>
+
+<p>
+</p><div class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html">
+ <span class="dfn">Generation</span> is the completion of production of a new entity by an activity. This entity <span class="insert">did not exist before generation and </span>becomes available for usage after this<span class="delete"> generation. This entity did not exist before</span> generation. </div>
+
+
+<p>
+</p><div class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html">
+ <span class="dfn">Usage</span> is the beginning of <span class="delete">consumption of</span><span class="insert">utilizing</span> an entity by an activity. Before usage, the activity had not begun to <span class="delete">consume or use</span><span class="insert">utilize</span> this entity and could not have been affected by the entity. </div>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="conceptexample" id="generation-example">
+<p>Examples of generation are the completed creation of a file by a
+program, the completed creation of a linked data set, and the completed
+publication of a new version of a document.
+</p></div>
+
+
+
+<div class="conceptexample" id="usage-example">
+<p>Usage examples include a procedure beginning to consume an argument, a service starting to read a value on a port, a program beginning to read a configuration
+file, or the point at which an ingredient, such as eggs, is being added in a baking activity. Usage may entirely consume an entity (e.g. eggs are no longer available after being added to
+the mix); <span class="delete">alternatively, a</span><span class="insert">in contrast, the</span> same entity may be used multiple times, possibly by different activities (e.g. a file on a file system can be read indefinitely).
+</p></div>
+
+
+<p>Activities <span class="delete">are consumers of</span><span class="insert">utilize</span> entities and <span class="delete">producers of</span><span class="insert">producer</span> entities. In some <span class="delete">case, the consumption of</span><span class="insert">cases, utilizing</span> an entity influences the creation of another in some way. This notion is captured by derivations, defined as follows.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"> A <span class="dfn">derivation</span> is a transformation of an entity into another, a construction of an entity into another, or an update of an entity, resulting in a new one.</span>
+
+
+
+</p><div class="conceptexample" id="derivation-example">
+<p>Examples of derivation include the transformation of a relational table into a
+linked data set, the transformation of a canvas into a painting, the transportation of a work of art from London to New York, and a physical transformation such as the melting of ice into water.</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="section-agents-attribution-association-responsibility" class="section">
+<h3><span class="secno"><span class="insert">2.3 </span></span><span class="insert">Agents, Attribution, Association, and Responsibility</span></h3>
+
+<p><span class="insert">The motivation for introducing agents in the model is to express the agent's responsibility for activities that happened and entities that were generated. </span></p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"><span class="insert">
+ An </span><span class="dfn"><span class="insert">agent</span></span><span class="insert"> is something that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place or for the existence of an entity. </span></span><span class="insert"> An agent </span><em class="rfc2119" title="may"><span class="insert">may</span></em><span class="insert"> be a particular type of entity. This means that the model can be
+ used to express provenance of the agents themselves.
+</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="conceptexample" id="agent-example">
+<p><span class="insert">
+Software for checking the use of grammar in a document may be defined as an agent of a document preparation activity, and at the same time one can describe its provenance, including for instance the vendor and the version history.
+A site selling books on the Web, the services involved in the processing of orders, and the companies hosting them are also agents.
+</span></p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p><span class="insert">Agents may adopt sets of actions or steps to achieve their goals. This is captured by the notion of plan. </span></p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"><span class="insert">
+ A </span><span class="dfn"><span class="insert">plan</span></span><span class="insert"> is an entity that represents a set of actions or steps intended by one or more agents to achieve some goals. </span></span><span class="insert">
+There exist no
+prescriptive requirement on the nature of plans, their representation, the
+actions or steps they consist of, or their intended goals. Since plans may evolve over time,
+it may become necessary to track their provenance, so plans themselves are
+entities. Representing the plan explicitly in the provenance can be useful for various tasks: for example, to
+validate the execution as represented in the provenance record, to
+manage expectation failures, or to provide explanations.</span></p>
+
+<div class="conceptexample" id="plan-example">
+<p><span class="insert">
+A plan can be a blog post tutorial for how to set up a web server, a list of instructions for a micro-processor execution, a cook's written recipe for a chocolate cake, or a workflow for a scientific experiment.
+</span></p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<p><span class="insert">Agents can be related to entities, activities, and other agents.</span></p>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"> <span class="dfn"><span class="insert">Attribution</span></span><span class="insert"> is the ascribing of an entity to an agent. </span></div>
+
+<div class="conceptexample" id="attribution-example">
+<p><span class="insert">A blog post can be attributed to an author, a mobile phone to its manufacturer.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="insert">
+Agents are defined as having some kind of responsibility for activities. In some
+cases, those activities reflect the execution of a plan that was
+designed in advance to guide the execution. Thus,
+a plan may also be linked to an activity. </span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"><span class="insert"> An activity </span><span class="dfn"><span class="insert">association</span></span><span class="insert"> is an assignment of responsibility to an agent for an activity, indicating that the agent had a role in the activity. It further allows for a plan to be specified, which is the plan intended by the agent to achieve some goals in the context of this activity. </span></span>
+</p>
+
+<div class="conceptexample" id="association-example">
+<p><span class="insert">Examples of association between an activity and an agent are:
+</span></p><ul>
+<li><span class="insert">creation of a web page under the guidance of a designer;</span></li>
+<li><span class="insert">various forms of participation in a panel discussion, including audience member, panelist, or panel chair;</span></li>
+<li><span class="insert">a public event, sponsored by a company, and hosted by a museum;</span></li>
+<li><span class="insert">an XSLT transform launched by a user based on an XSL style sheet (a plan).</span></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html">
+ <span class="dfn"><span class="insert">Responsibility</span></span><span class="insert"> is the fact that an agent is accountable for the actions of a "subordinate" agent, in the context of an activity. </span></span><span class="insert"> The nature of this relation is intended to be broad, including delegation or contractual relation. </span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="conceptexample" id="responsibility-example">
+<p><span class="insert">A student publishing a web page describing an academic
+department could result in both the student and the department being
+agents associated with the activity, and it may not matter which
+student published a web page but it matters a lot that the department
+told the student to put up the web page.
+</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div id="section-types-entities-agents" class="section">
+<h3><span class="secno"><span class="delete">2.3 </span><span class="delete">Agents</span><span class="insert">2.4 </span></span><span class="insert">Further Entities: Collections</span> and <span class="delete">Other Types of Entities</span><span class="insert">Accounts</span></h3>
+
+<p><span class="delete">The motivation for introducing agents in the model is to denote the agent's responsibility for activities.</span><span class="insert">There are two further types of entities, collections and accounts, which are now introduced.</span> </p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="delete">
+ An </span><span class="delete">agent</span><span class="delete"> is a type of entity that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place. </span>
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">
+The definition of agent intentionally stays away from using concepts such as enabling, causing, initiating, triggering, affecting, etc, because many entities also enable, cause, initiate, and affect in some way
+the activities. Concepts such as triggers are themselves defined in relations between entities and activities. So the notion of having some degree of responsibility is really what makes an agent.</span>
+
+
+<span class="delete">An agent is a particular type of Entity. This means that the model can be
+ used to express provenance of the agents themselves. </span>
+
+
+<span class="delete">
+Software for checking the use of grammar in a document may be defined as an agent of a document preparation activity, and at the same time one can describe its provenance, including for instance the vendor and the version history.</span>
+
+
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">There are some useful types of entities and agents that are commonly encountered in applications making data and documents available on the Web; we introduce them in the rest of this section. </span>
+
+
+<span class="delete">
+ A </span><span class="delete">plan</span><span class="delete"> is an entity that represents a set of actions or steps intended by one or more agents to achieve some goals. </span><span class="delete">
+There exist no
+prescriptive requirement on the nature of plans, their representation, the
+actions or steps they consist of, or their intended goals. Since plans may evolve over time,
+it may become necessary to track their provenance, so plans themselves are
+entities. Representing the plan explicitly in the provenance can be useful for various tasks: for example, to
+validate the execution as represented in the provenance record, to
+manage expectation failures, or to provide explanations.</span>
+
+
+<span class="delete">
+A plan can be a blog post tutorial for how to set up a web server, a list of instructions for a micro-processor execution, a cook's written recipe for a chocolate cake, or a workflow for a scientific experiment.
+</span>
+
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">Three types of agents are recognized because they are commonly encountered in applications making data and documents available on the Web: persons, software agents, and organizations.</span>
+
+
+<span class="delete"> A Web site and service selling books on the Web and the company hosting
+them are software agents and organizations, respectively.</span>
+
+
+
+<span class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"> A <span class="dfn">collection</span> is an entity that provides a structure to some constituents, which are themselves entities. These constituents are said to be <span class="dfn">member of</span> the collections. </span> This concept allows for the provenance of the <span class="delete">collection, but also of its constituents</span><span class="insert">collection itself</span> to be <span class="delete">expressed.</span><span class="insert">expressed in addition to that of the members.</span> Such a notion of collection corresponds to a wide variety of concrete data structures, such as a <em>maps</em>, <em>dictionaries</em>, or <em>associative arrays</em><span class="delete">.</span><span class="insert">, all of which involve a membership relationship between the constituents and the collection. </span></p>
+
+<div class="conceptexample" id="collection-example">
+<p>
+An example of collection is an archive of documents. Each document has its own provenance, but the archive itself also has some provenance: who maintained it, which documents it contained at which point in time, how it was assembled, etc.
+</p></div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html">
+ An <span class="dfn">account</span> is an entity that contains a bundle of provenance descriptions. </span>Making an account an entity allows for provenance of provenance to be expressed.
+
+</p><div class="conceptexample" id="account-example">
+<p>
+For users to decide whether they can place their trust in
+a resource, they may want to analyze the resource's provenance, but also determine
+who its provenance is attributed to, and when it was
+generated. In other words, users need to be able to determine the provenance of provenance.
+Hence, provenance is also
+regarded as an entity (of type Account), by which provenance of provenance can then be
+expressed.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">2.4 </span><span class="delete">Attribution, Association, and Responsibility</span>
+
+<span class="delete">Agents can be related to entities, activities, and other agents.</span>
+
+ <span class="delete">Attribution</span><span class="delete"> is the ascribing of an entity to an agent. </span>
+
+
+<span class="delete">A blog post can be attributed to an author, a mobile phone to its manufacturer.</span>
+
+
+<span class="delete">
+Agents are defined as having some kind of responsibility for activities. However, one may want to be more specific about the nature of an agent's responsibility.
+For example, a programmer and a researcher could both be
+associated with running a workflow, but it may not matter which
+programmer clicked the button to start the workflow while it would
+matter a lot which researcher told the programmer to do so. </span>
+
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">Furthermore, provenance reflects activities that have occurred. In some
+cases, those activities reflect the execution of a plan that was
+designed in advance to guide the execution.
+A plan may be associated to an activity, which represents what was intended to
+happen. </span>
+
+
+
+
+
+<span class="delete"> An activity </span><span class="delete">association</span><span class="delete"> is an assignment of responsibility to an agent for an activity, indicating that the agent had a role in the activity. It further allows for a plan to be specified, which is the plan intended by the agent to achieve some goals in the context of this activity. </span>
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">Examples of association between an activity and an agent are:
+</span>
+<span class="delete">creation of a web page under the guidance of a designer;</span>
+<span class="delete">various forms of participation in a panel discussion, including audience member, panelist, or panel chair;</span>
+<span class="delete">a public event, sponsored by a company, and hosted by a museum;</span>
+<span class="delete">an XSLT transform launched by a user based on an XSL style sheet (a plan).</span>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <span class="delete">Responsibility</span><span class="delete"> is the fact that an agent is accountable for the actions of a "subordinate" agent, in the context of an activity. </span><span class="delete"> The nature of this relation is intended to be broad, including delegation or contractual relation. </span>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<span class="delete">A student publishing a web page describing an academic
+department could result in both the student and the department being
+agents associated with the activity, and it may not matter which
+student published a web page but it matters a lot that the department
+told the student to put up the web page.
+</span>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div id="section-UML" class="section">
+<h3><span class="secno">2.5 </span>Simplified Overview Diagram</h3>
+
+<p>So far, we have introduced a series of concepts underpinning provenance. PROV-DM is a conceptual data model consisting of types and relations between these. <a href="#overview-types-and-relations">Table <span class="delete">(Mapping of Provenance</span><span class="insert">2</span></a><span class="insert"> shows how provenance</span> concepts <span class="insert">can be mapped </span>to types and relations in<span class="delete"> PROV-DM)</span><span class="delete"> shows how provenance</span><span class="insert"> PROV-DM: the first column lists</span> concepts <span class="delete">can be mapped</span><span class="insert">introduced in this section, the second column indicates whether a concept maps</span> to <span class="delete">types and relations in PROV-DM: the first</span><span class="insert">a type or a relation, whereas the third</span> column <span class="delete">lists concepts introduced in this section, the second column indicates whether a concept maps to a type or a relation, whereas the third column </span>contains the corresponding name.<span class="delete"> We note that names</span><span class="insert"> Names</span> of relations have a verbal form in the past tense to express what happened in the past, as opposed to what may or will happen.
+</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: left;">
+<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="overview-types-and-relations"><span class="insert">Table 2: </span>Mapping of Provenance concepts to types and relations<span class="delete"> in PROV-DM</span></caption>
+<tbody><tr><td><a><span class="delete">Provenance</span><b><span class="insert">PROV</span> Concepts</b></a></td><td><b><span class="insert">PROV-DM types or relations</span></b></td><td><span class="delete">PROV-DM types or relations</span><b><span class="insert">Name</span></b></td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td><td rowspan="3"><span class="insert">PROV-DM </span>Types<span class="delete"> in PROV-DM</span></td><td><a title="dfn-Entity" href="#dfn-entity" class="internalDFN">entity</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a></td><td><a title="dfn-Activity" href="#dfn-activity" class="internalDFN">activity</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a></td><td><a title="dfn-agent" href="#dfn-agent" class="internalDFN">agent</a></td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a></td><td rowspan="6"><span class="insert">PROV-DM </span>Relations<span class="delete"> in PROV-DM</span></td><td><a title="wasGeneratedBy" href="#dfn-wasgeneratedby" class="internalDFN">wasGeneratedBy</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a></td><td><a title="used" href="#dfn-used" class="internalDFN">used</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">Attribution</a></td><td><a title="wasAttributedTo" href="#dfn-wasattributedto" class="internalDFN">wasAttributedTo</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">Association</a></td><td><a title="wasAssociatedWith" href="#dfn-wasassociatedwith" class="internalDFN">wasAssociatedWith</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="#concept-responsibility" class="internalDFN">Responsibility</a></td><td><a title="actedOnBehalfOf" href="#dfn-actedonbehalfof" class="internalDFN">actedOnBehalfOf</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">Derivation</a></td><td><a title="wasDerivedFrom" href="#dfn-wasderivedfrom" class="internalDFN">wasDerivedFrom</a></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+<p><a href="#prov-dm-overview">Figure <span class="delete">overview-types-and-relations</span><span class="insert">1</span></a> illustrates the three types (entity, activity, and agent) and how they relate to each other. At this stage, all relations are shown to be binary. <span class="delete">When examining PROV-DM in details,
+</span><span class="insert">Definitions of </span><a href="#data-model-components"><span class="insert">Section 4</span></a><span class="insert"> reveal that </span>some relations, while involving two primary elements, are<span class="delete"> shown to be</span> n-ary. </p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center; ">
+ <figure style="max-width: 70%; ">
+ <img src="images/OverviewDiagram.png" alt="Simplified Overview of PROV-DM" style="max-width: 70%; ">
+<figcaption id="prov-dm-overview"><span class="insert">Figure 1: </span>Simplified Overview of PROV-DM</figcaption>
+ </figure>
+</div>
+
+<p><a href="#prov-dm-overview">Figure <span class="delete">overview-types-and-relations</span><span class="insert">1</span></a> is not intended to be <span class="delete">complete. It</span><span class="insert">complete: it</span> only illustrates types and relations <span class="delete">from </span><span class="insert">introduced in this section (</span><a href="#starting-points">Section <span class="delete">starting-points</span><span class="insert">2</span></a><span class="insert">), exploited in the example discussed in </span><a href="#prov-dm-example"><span class="insert">Section 3</span></a><span class="insert">,</span> and <span class="delete">exploited</span><span class="insert">explained</span> in <span class="delete">the example discussed</span><span class="insert">detail</span> in <span class="delete">the next section. They will then be explained</span><a href="#data-model-components"><span class="insert">Section 4</span></a><span class="insert">.
+Names of relations depicted</span> in <span class="delete">detail</span><a href="#prov-dm-overview"><span class="insert">Figure 1</span></a><span class="insert">
+are listed</span> in<span class="delete"> Section </span><span class="delete">data-model-components</span><span class="insert">
+the third column of </span><a href="#overview-types-and-relations"><span class="insert">Table 2</span></a>.<span class="delete">
+The third column of Table </span><span class="delete">(Mapping of Provenance concepts</span><span class="insert"> These names are part of a textual notation</span> to<span class="delete"> types and relations in PROV-DM)</span><span class="delete"> lists names that are part of a textual notation to</span> write instances of the <span class="delete">PROV-DM</span><span class="insert">PROV</span> data <span class="delete">model. This notation, referred to as the PROV-N notation, is outlined</span><span class="insert">model, which we introduce</span> in the next section. </p>
+
+
+</div>
+<div id="prov-n" class="section">
+<h3><span class="secno">2.6 </span>PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</h3>
+
+
+
+
+<p><span class="delete">A key goal of PROV-DM is the specification of a machine-processable</span><span class="insert">To illustrate the application of PROV concepts to a concrete example (see </span><a href="#prov-dm-example"><span class="insert">Section 3</span></a><span class="insert">) and to provide examples of concepts (see </span><a href="#data-model-components"><span class="insert">Section 4</span></a><span class="insert">),
+we introduce PROV-N, a notation for writing instances of the PROV</span> data <span class="delete">model for provenance so that applications can retrieve provenance and reason about it. As such, representations of PROV-DM are available in RDF and XML.
+</span>
+
+<span class="delete">However, it is important to provide instances of provenance for human consumption, as in this document or elsewhere.
+To this end, PROV-N is a notation that is designed to write instances of the PROV-DM data model in a compact textual form, without the syntactic baggage and constraints coming with a markup language such as XML or a description framework such as RDF. We outline here some of its key design principles.</span><span class="insert">model.</span> For full details, the reader is referred to the companion specification [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-N">PROV-N</a></cite>].<span class="insert">
+PROV-N is a notation aimed at human consumption, with the following characteristics:</span></p>
+
+
+<ul>
+<li>PROV-N expressions adopt a <em>functional notation</em> consisting
+of a name and a <span class="delete">series</span><span class="insert">list</span> of arguments in <span class="delete">bracket.</span><span class="insert">parentheses.</span></li>
+
+<li>The interpretation of PROV-N arguments is defined according to their <em>position</em> in the list of arguments. This convention allows for a compact notation. </li>
+
+<li>
+PROV-N <em>optional arguments</em> need not be <span class="insert">specified:
+the general rule for optional arguments is that, if none of them are used in the expression, then they are simply omitted, resulting in a simpler expression. However, it may be the case that only some of the optional arguments need to be </span>specified. <span class="delete">For cases where it</span><span class="insert">Because the position of the arguments in the expression matters, in this case an additional marker must be used to indicate that a particular term</span> is <span class="delete">desirable to indicate which arguments have </span>not <span class="delete">been specified, PROV-N uses</span><span class="insert">available. The syntactic marker</span> <span class="delete">the </span><span class="delete">syntactic marker</span> <span class="name">-</span> <span class="insert">is used </span>for <span class="delete">unspecified arguments.</span>
+<span class="insert">this purpose.
+</span></li>
+
+<li>Most expressions
+<span class="delete">have</span><span class="insert">include</span> an identifier<span class="delete"> which always occur</span><span class="insert">
+and a set of attribute-value pairs; both are optional unless otherwise specified. By convention, the identifier occurs</span> in<span class="insert"> the</span> <em>first position</em>,
+ and <span class="delete">an optional</span><span class="insert">the the</span> set of attribute-value <span class="delete">pairs, which occur</span><span class="insert">pairs</span> in<span class="insert"> the</span> <em>last position</em><span class="delete">, and delimited by square brackets. </span><span class="insert">.
+Consistent with the convention on arguments, the marker </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">-</span></span><span class="insert"> can be used when the identifier is not available, or can be omitted altogether with no ambiguity arising.</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+An activity with identifier <span class="name">a1</span> and an attribute <span class="name">type</span> with value <span class="name">createFile</span>.
+</p><pre class="codeexample">activity(a1, [prov:type="createFile"])
+</pre>
+Two entities with identifiers <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>.
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(e1)
+entity(e2)
+</pre>
+The activity <span class="name">a1</span> used <span class="name">e1</span>, and <span class="name">e2</span> was generated by <span class="name">a1</span>.
+<pre class="codeexample">used(a1,e1)
+wasGeneratedBy(e2,a1)
+</pre><span class="insert">
+The same description, but with an explicit identifier </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">u1</span></span><span class="insert"> for the usage, and the syntactic marker </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">-</span></span><span class="insert"> to mark the absence of identifier in the generation.
+</span><pre class="codeexample"><span class="insert">used(u1,a1,e1)
+wasGeneratedBy(-,e2,a1)</span>
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="prov-dm-example" class="section">
+<h2><span class="secno">3. </span>Illustration of PROV-DM by an Example</h2>
+
+<p><a href="#starting-points">Section <span class="delete">starting-points</span><span class="insert">2</span></a> has introduced some provenance concepts, and how they are expressed as types or relations in the PROV data model. The purpose of this section is to put these concepts into practice in order to express the provenance of some document published on the Web.
+With this realistic example, <span class="delete">PROV-DM constructs</span><span class="insert">PROV concepts</span> are composed together, and a graphical illustration shows a provenance description forming a directed graph, rooted at the entity we want to explain the provenance of, and pointing to the entities, activities, and agents it depended on. This example also shows that, sometimes, multiple provenance descriptions about <span class="delete">a</span><span class="insert">the</span> same entity can co-exist, which then justifies the need for provenance of provenance.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="delete">The</span><span class="insert">In this example, we consider one of the many documents published by the</span> World Wide Web <span class="delete">Consortium publishes many technical reports. In this example, we consider a technical report,</span><span class="insert">Consortium,</span> and describe its provenance.
+Specifically, we consider the <span class="delete">second version of the PROV-DM </span>document
+<span class="insert"> identified by
+</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215</a>. Its provenance can be expressed from several <span class="delete">perspectives, which we present. In the first one,</span><span class="insert">perspectives: first,</span> provenance <span class="delete">is</span><span class="insert">can take the authors' viewpoint; second, it can be</span> concerned with the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> <span class="delete">process, whereas in the second one, it takes the authors' viewpoint; we then provide</span><span class="insert">process. Then,</span> attribution <span class="delete">to</span><span class="insert">of</span> these two provenance <span class="delete">descriptions.</span><span class="insert">descriptions is provided.</span></p>
+
+
+<div id="section-example-one" class="section">
+<h3><span class="secno">3.1 </span>The <span class="delete">Process</span><span class="insert">Authors</span> View</h3>
+
+
+<p style="font-style:italic; "><b>Description:</b> <span class="delete">The World Wide Web
+Consortium publishes technical reports according to its publication
+policy.</span><span class="insert">A document
+is edited by some editor, using contributions from various
+contributors.
+</span></p>
+
+
+
+<p><span class="insert">In this perspective, provenance of the document
+</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215"><span class="insert">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215</span></a><span class="insert"> is concerned with the editing activity as perceived by authors.</span> <span class="delete">Working drafts are published regularly to reflect the work
+accomplished</span><span class="insert">This kind of information could be used</span> by <span class="delete">working groups. Every publication of a working draft
+must</span><span class="insert">authors in their CV or in a narrative about this document. </span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<p><span class="insert">We paraphrase some PROV-DM descriptions, express them with the PROV-N notation, and then depict them with a graphical illustration (see </span><a href="#prov-a-document1"><span class="insert">Figure 1</span></a><span class="insert">).
+Full details of the provenance record can</span> be <span class="delete">preceded by a "publication request" to the Webmaster. The
+very first version of a technical report must also preceded by a
+"transition request" to be approved by the </span><span class="delete">W3C</span><span class="delete"> director. All working
+drafts are made available at a unique URI. In this scenario, we consider two successive versions of a given report, the policy according to which they were published, and the associated requests.
+</span>
+
+<span class="delete">
+
+Concretely, in this section, we describe the kind of provenance record that the </span><span class="delete">WWW Consortium</span><span class="delete"> could keep for auditors to check that due processes are followed. All entities involved in this example are Web resources, with well defined URIs (some of which locating archived email messages, available to </span><span class="delete">W3C</span><span class="delete"> Members).</span><span class="insert">found </span><a href="examples/w3c-publication3.pn"><span class="insert">here</span></a><span class="insert">.</span></p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><span class="delete"> Two versions of the technical report are involved:</span><span class="insert">There was a document</span> <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span><span class="delete"> (second working draft) and </span><span class="delete">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</span><span class="delete"> (first working draft);</span>
+<span class="delete"> Both </span><span class="delete">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span><span class="delete"> and </span><span class="delete">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</span><span class="delete"> were published by the WWW Consortium agent (</span><span class="delete">w3:Consortium</span><span class="delete">); </span>
+<span class="delete"> The publication activity for </span><span class="delete">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span><span class="delete"> is </span><span class="delete">ex:act2</span><span class="delete">;</span>
+<span class="delete"> The publication activity for </span><span class="delete">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</span><span class="delete"> is </span><span class="delete">ex:act1</span><span class="delete">;</span><span class="insert">, which from the author's perspective was a document in its second version.
+</span><pre><span class="insert">entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
+</span></pre>
+</li>
+
+<li><span class="delete"> The report </span><span class="delete">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span><span class="delete"> is derived from </span><span class="delete">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</span><span class="delete">;</span>
+
+<span class="delete"> The publication activity </span><span class="delete">ex:act1</span><span class="delete"> used a </span><span class="delete">publication request</span><span class="delete"> (</span><span class="delete">ar2:0141</span><span class="delete">) and a </span><span class="delete">transition request</span><span class="delete"> (</span><span class="delete">ar1:0004</span><span class="delete">);</span>
+<span class="delete"> The publication activity </span><span class="delete">ex:act2</span><span class="delete"> used a </span><span class="delete">publication request</span><span class="delete"> (</span><span class="delete">ar3:0111</span><span class="delete">);</span>
+<span class="delete"> Technical reports were published according to the process rules (</span><span class="delete">pr:rec-advance</span><span class="delete">), a plan in PROV-DM terminology.</span>
+
+
+<span class="delete">
+We now paraphrase some PROV-DM descriptions, and illustrate them with the PROV-N notation, a notation for PROV-DM aimed at human consumption. We then follow them with a graphical illustration. Full details of the provenance record can be found </span><span class="delete">here</span><span class="delete">.
+
+</span>
+There <span class="delete">is a technical report, a working draft on the recommendation track (</span><span class="delete">pr:RecsWD</span><span class="delete">), which is regarded as</span><span class="insert">was</span> an <span class="delete">entity so that we can describe its provenance. Similar descriptions exist for all entities.</span><span class="insert">editing activity.</span>
+<pre><span class="delete">entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+</span>
+
+<span class="delete">There is a publication activity.
+</span><span class="delete">activity(ex:act2,[prov:type="publish"])</span><span class="insert">activity(ex:edit1,[prov:type="edit"])</span>
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>The <span class="delete">technical report</span><span class="insert">document</span> was generated by the <span class="delete">publication</span><span class="insert">editing</span> activity: this <span class="delete">is a </span><span class="insert">was a </span><a title="concept-generation">Generation</a>.
+<pre>wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, <span class="delete">ex:act2,</span><span class="insert">ex:edit1,</span> -)
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+
+<li><span class="delete">The second draft of the technical report was derived from the first draft of the technical report: this is a </span><span class="delete">Derivation</span><span class="delete">.</span><span class="insert">There were some agents.</span>
+<pre><span class="delete">wasDerivedFrom(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018)</span><span class="insert">agent(ex:Paolo, [ prov:type="Person" ])
+agent(ex:Simon, [ prov:type="Person" ])</span>
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li><span class="delete">The activity required a publication request: this is a </span><span class="delete">Usage</span><span class="delete">.</span><span class="insert">Agents were assigned various responsibilities in the editing activity: contributor and editor.</span>
+<pre><span class="delete">used(ex:act2, ar3:0111, -)
+</span>
+
+
+<span class="delete">The activity was associated with the Consortium agent, and proceeded according to its publication policy: this is an </span><span class="delete">Activity Association</span><span class="delete">.
+</span><span class="delete">wasAssociatedWith(ex:act2, w3:Consortium, pr:rec-advance)</span><span class="insert">wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Paolo, -, [ prov:role="editor" ])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Simon, -, [ prov:role="contributor" ])</span>
+</pre>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+Provenance descriptions can be <em>illustrated</em> graphically. The illustration is not intended to represent all the details of the model, but it is intended to show the essence of a set of
+provenance descriptions. Therefore, it should not be seen as an alternate notation for expressing provenance.</p>
+
+<p>The graphical illustration takes the form of a graph. Entities, activities and agents are represented as nodes, with oval, rectangular, and pentagonal shapes, respectively. Usage,
+Generation, Derivation, and Association are represented as directed edges.</p>
+
+<p>Entities are laid out according to the ordering of their generation. We endeavor to show time progressing from left to right. This means that edges for Usage, Generation,
+Derivation, Association typically point leftwards</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center; ">
+ <figure>
+
+<img src="images/w3-publication3.png" alt="Provenance of a Document (1)" style="max-width: 98%; ">
+<figcaption id="prov-a-document1"><span class="insert">Figure 2: </span>Provenance of a <span class="delete">Tech Report</span><span class="insert">Document (1)</span></figcaption>
+ </figure>
+</div>
+
+
+<span class="delete"> This simple example has shown a variety of PROV-DM constructs, such as Entity, Agent, Activity, Usage, Generation, Derivation, and Association. In this example, it happens that all entities were already Web resources, with readily available URIs, which we used. We note that some of the resources are public, whereas others have restricted access: provenance statements only make use of their identifiers. If identifiers do not pre-exist, e.g. for activities, then they can be generated, for instance </span><span class="delete">ex:act2</span><span class="delete">, occurring in the namespace identified by prefix </span><span class="delete">ex</span><span class="delete">. We note that the URI scheme developed by </span><span class="delete">W3C</span><span class="delete"> is particularly suited for expressing provenance of these reports, since each URI denotes a specific version of a report. It then becomes very easy to relate the various versions, with PROV-DM constructs. We note that an Association is a ternary relation (represented by a multi-edge labeled wasAssociatedWith) from an activity to an agent and a plan.</span>
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="section-example-two" class="section">
+<h3><span class="secno">3.2 </span>The <span class="delete">Authors</span><span class="insert">Process</span> View</h3>
+
+
+<p style="font-style:italic; "><b>Description:</b> <span class="delete">A technical report
+is edited</span><span class="insert">The World Wide Web
+Consortium publishes documents according to its publication
+policy. Working drafts are published regularly to reflect the work
+accomplished</span> by <span class="delete">some editor, using contributions from various
+contributors.</span><span class="insert">working groups. Every publication of a working draft
+must be preceded by a "publication request" to the Webmaster. The
+very first version of a document must also be preceded by a
+"transition request" to be approved by the </span><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium"><span class="insert">W3C</span></acronym><span class="insert"> director. All working
+drafts are made available at a unique URI. In this scenario, we consider two successive versions of a given document, the policy according to which they were published, and the associated requests.</span>
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<p><span class="delete">Here, we consider another perspective on technical report
+</span><span class="delete">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215</span><span class="delete">. Provenance is concerned</span><span class="insert">
+We describe the kind of provenance record that the </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium"><span class="insert">WWW Consortium</span></a><span class="insert"> could keep for auditors to check that due processes are followed. All entities involved in this example are Web resources,</span> with <span class="delete">the</span><span class="insert">well defined URIs (some of which refer archived email messages, available to </span><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium"><span class="insert">W3C</span></acronym><span class="insert"> Members).</span></p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><span class="insert"> Two versions of a</span> document <span class="delete">editing activity, as perceived by authors. This kind of information could be used by authors in their CV or in a narrative about this document. </span>
+
+
+
+
+
+<span class="delete"> The same technical report is</span><span class="insert">were</span> involved: <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span><span class="delete">;</span><span class="insert"> (second working draft) and </span><span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018"><span class="insert">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</span></a></span></span><span class="insert"> (first working draft);</span></li>
+<li> <span class="delete">An editing activity for</span><span class="insert">Both</span> <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> <span class="delete">is</span><span class="insert">and</span> <span class="name"><span class="delete">ex:edit1</span><span class="delete">;</span><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018"><span class="insert">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</span></a></span></span><span class="insert"> were published by the WWW Consortium (</span><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium"><span class="insert">w3:Consortium</span></a></span><span class="insert">); </span></li>
+<li> The <span class="delete">report</span><span class="insert">publication activity for</span> <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> <span class="delete">is generated by activity</span><span class="insert">was</span> <span class="name"><span class="delete">ex:edit1</span><span class="insert">ex:act2</span></span>;</li>
+<li> <span class="delete">Several persons are associated with</span><span class="insert">The publication</span> activity <span class="insert">for </span><span class="name"><span class="delete">ex:edit1</span><span class="delete">, some</span><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018"><span class="insert">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</span></a></span></span><span class="insert"> was </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">ex:act1</span></span><span class="insert">;
+</span></li>
+
+<li><span class="insert"> The document </span><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215"><span class="insert">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span></a></span><span class="insert"> was derived from </span><span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018"><span class="insert">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</span></a></span></span><span class="insert">;</span></li>
+
+<li><span class="insert"> The publication activity </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">ex:act1</span></span><span class="insert"> used a </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq"><span class="insert">publication request</span></a><span class="insert"> (</span><span class="name"><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/2011Oct/0141"><span class="insert">email:2011Oct/0141</span></a></span><span class="insert">) and a </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#transreq"><span class="insert">transition request</span></a><span class="insert"> (</span><span class="name"><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/chairs/2011OctDec/0004"><span class="insert">chairs:2011OctDec/0004</span></a></span><span class="insert">);</span></li>
+<li><span class="insert"> The publication activity </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">ex:act2</span></span><span class="insert"> used a </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq"><span class="insert">publication request</span></a><span class="insert"> (</span><span class="name"><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-archive/2011Dec/0111"><span class="insert">email:2011Dec/0111</span></a></span><span class="insert">);</span></li>
+<li><span class="insert"> Documents were published according to the process rules (</span><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#rec-advance"><span class="insert">process:rec-advance</span></a></span><span class="insert">), a plan</span> in <span class="delete">an editorial role, some in a contributor's role.</span><span class="insert">PROV-DM terminology.</span></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p><span class="delete">Again, we</span><span class="insert">
+We now</span> paraphrase some <span class="delete">PROV-DM</span><span class="insert">PROV</span> descriptions, and <span class="delete">illustrate</span><span class="insert">express</span> them with the PROV-N <span class="delete">notation.
+</span><span class="insert">notation, and then depict them with a graphical illustration (see </span><a href="#prov-a-document2"><span class="insert">Figure 2</span></a><span class="insert">). </span>Full details of the provenance record can be found <a href="examples/w3c-publication1.pn">here</a>.
+
+</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>There <span class="insert">was a document, a working draft on the recommendation track (</span><a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#RecsWD"><span class="insert">process:RecsWD</span></a><span class="insert">), which </span>is <span class="delete">a technical report, which from the author's perspective is a document in</span><span class="insert">an entity so that we can describe</span> its <span class="delete">second version.
+</span><span class="insert">provenance. Similar descriptions exist for all entities.
+</span><pre>entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ <span class="delete">prov:type="document", ex:version="2"</span><span class="insert">prov:type="process:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName</span> ])
+</pre>
+<span class="delete">While this description is about the same report </span><span class="delete">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span><span class="delete">, its details differ from the author's perspective: it is a document and it has a version number. </span></li>
+
+
+<li>There <span class="delete">is an editing</span><span class="insert">was a publication</span> activity.
+<pre><span class="delete">activity(ex:edit1,[prov:type="edit"])</span><span class="insert">activity(ex:act2,[prov:type="publish"])</span>
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>The <span class="delete">technical report</span><span class="insert">document</span> was generated by the <span class="delete">editing</span><span class="insert">publication</span> activity: this <span class="delete">is a </span><span class="insert">was a </span><a title="concept-Generation">Generation</a>.
+<pre>wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, <span class="delete">ex:edit1,</span><span class="insert">ex:act2,</span> -)
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+
+<li><span class="delete">There are some agents.</span><span class="insert">The second draft of the document was derived from the first draft: this was a </span><a title="concept-Derivation"><span class="insert">Derivation</span></a><span class="insert">.</span>
+<pre><span class="delete">agent(ex:Paolo, [ prov:type="Person" ])
+agent(ex:Simon, [ prov:type="Person" ])</span><span class="insert">wasDerivedFrom(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018)</span>
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li><span class="delete">Agents were assigned various responsibilities in the editing activity: contributor</span><span class="insert">The activity required a publication request: this was a </span><a title="concept-Usage"><span class="insert">Usage</span></a><span class="insert">.
+</span><pre><span class="insert">used(ex:act2, email:2011Dec/0111, -)
+</span></pre>
+</li>
+
+<li><span class="insert">The activity was associated with the Consortium agent,</span> and <span class="delete">editor.</span><span class="insert">proceeded according to its publication policy: this is an </span><a title="concept-activityAssociation"><span class="insert">Activity Association</span></a><span class="insert">.</span>
+<pre><span class="delete">wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Paolo, -, [prov:role="editor"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:edit1, ex:Simon, -, [prov:role="contributor"])</span><span class="insert">wasAssociatedWith(ex:act2, w3:Consortium, process:rec-advance)</span>
+</pre>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+ <figure>
+
+<img src="images/w3-publication1.png" alt="Provenance of a Document (2)" style="max-width: 90%; ">
+<figcaption id="prov-a-document2"><span class="insert">Figure 3: </span>Provenance of a <span class="delete">Tech Report (b)</span><span class="insert">Document (2)</span></figcaption>
+ </figure>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<p><span class="insert"> This simple example has shown a variety of PROV concepts, such as Entity, Agent, Activity, Usage, Generation, Derivation, and Association. In this example, it happens that all entities were already Web resources, with readily available URIs, which we used. We note that some of the resources are public, whereas others have restricted access: provenance statements only make use of their identifiers. If identifiers do not pre-exist, e.g. for activities, then they can be generated, for instance </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">ex:act2</span></span><span class="insert">, occurring in the namespace identified by prefix </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">ex</span></span><span class="insert">. We note that the URI scheme developed by </span><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium"><span class="insert">W3C</span></acronym><span class="insert"> is particularly suited for expressing provenance of these documents, since each URI denotes a specific version of a document. It then becomes easy to relate the various versions with PROV-DM relations. We note that an Association is a ternary relation (represented by a multi-edge labeled wasAssociatedWith) from an activity to an agent and a plan.</span></p>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<div id="section-example-c" class="section">
+<h3><span class="secno">3.3 </span>Attribution of Provenance</h3>
+
+<p>The two previous sections provide two different perspectives on the provenance of a <span class="delete">technical report.</span><span class="insert">document</span> By design, the PROV approach allows for the provenance of a subject to be provided by multiple sources. For users to decide whether they can place their trust in the <span class="delete">technical report,</span><span class="insert">document,</span> they may want to analyze its provenance, but also determine
+who the provenance is attributed to, and when it was
+generated, etc. In other words, we need to be able to express the provenance of provenance.</p>
+
+<p>No new mechanism is required to support this requirement. PROV-DM makes the assumption that provenance statements have been bundled up, and named, by some mechanism outside the scope of PROV-DM. For instance, in this case, provenance statements were put in a file and exposed on the Web, respectively at <a href="examples/w3c-publication1.pn">ex:w3c-publication1.pn</a> and <a href="examples/w3c-publication3.pn">ex:w3c-publication3.pn</a>. To express their respective provenance, these resources must be seen as entities, and all the constructs of PROV-DM are now available to characterize their provenance. In the example below, <span class="name">ex:w3c-publication1.pn</span> is attributed to the agent <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>, whereas <span class="name">ex:w3c-publication3.pn</span> to <span class="name">ex:Simon</span>.
+
+</p><pre>entity(ex:w3c-publication1.pn, [prov:type="prov:Account" %% xsd:QName ])
+wasAttributedTo(ex:w3c-publication1.pn, w3:Consortium)
+
+entity(ex:w3c-publication3.pn, [prov:type="prov:Account" %% xsd:QName ])
+wasAttributedTo(ex:w3c-publication3.pn, ex:Simon)
+</pre>
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="data-model-components" class="section">
+
+<h2><span class="secno">4. </span>PROV-DM Types and Relations</h2>
+
+<p><span class="insert">Provenance concepts, expressed as </span>PROV-DM <span class="delete">concepts</span><span class="insert">types and relations,</span> are structured according to six components that are introduced in this section.
+Components and their dependencies are illustrated in <a href="#prov-dm-components">Figure <span class="delete">prov-dm-components</span><span class="insert">4</span></a>. A component that relies on concepts defined in another also sits above it in this figure.
+PROV-DM consists of the following components.</p>
+
+<div id="prov-dm-components-ul">
+<ul>
+<li><b>Component 1: entities and activities.</b> The first component consists of entities, activities, and<span class="delete"> all</span> concepts linking them, such as generation, usage, start, end. The first component is the only one comprising time-related concepts. </li>
+<li><b>Component 2: agents and responsibility.</b> The second component consists of agents and concepts ascribing responsibility to agents.</li>
+<li><b>Component 3: derivations.</b> The third component is formed with derivations and <span class="delete">its </span>derivation subtypes.</li>
+<li><b>Component 4: alternate.</b> The fourth component consists of relations linking entities <span class="delete">somehow </span>referring to <span class="delete">a</span><span class="insert">the</span> same thing. </li>
+<li><b>Component 5: collections.</b> The fifth component is <span class="delete">comprised of</span><span class="insert">about</span> collections and <span class="delete">operations related to collections.</span><span class="insert">concepts capturing their transformation, such as insertion and removal.</span> </li>
+<li><b>Component 6: annotations.</b> The sixth component is concerned with annotations to PROV-DM<span class="delete"> concepts.</span><span class="insert"> instances.</span></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure style="max-width: 90%; ">
+<img usemap="#componentMap" src="images/components.png" alt="PROV-DM Components" style="max-width: 90%; ">
+<map id="componentMap" name="componentMap">
+<area title="collections" href="#component5" coords="220,0,440,70" alt="collections" shape="rect">
+<area title="alternate" href="#component4" coords="450,0,510,140" alt="alternate" shape="rect">
+<area title="annotations" href="#component6" coords="530,0,590,220" alt="annotations" shape="rect">
+<area title="activities/entities" href="#component1" coords="80,150,510,220" alt="activities/entities" shape="rect">
+<area title="derivations" href="#component3" coords="80,0,210,70" alt="derivations" shape="rect">
+<area title="agents/responsibility" href="#component2" coords="0,0,70,220" alt="agents/responsibility" shape="rect">
+</map>
+<figcaption id="prov-dm-components"><span class="insert">Figure 4: </span>PROV-DM Components</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+While not all PROV-DM relations are binary, they all involve two primary elements. Hence, <a href="#relations-at-a-glance">Table <span class="delete">relations-at-a-glance</span><span class="insert">3</span></a> indexes all relations according to their two primary elements. The table adopts the same color scheme as <a href="#prov-dm-components">Figure <span class="delete">prov-dm-components</span><span class="insert">4</span></a>, allowing components to be readily identified.
+Note that for simplicity, this table does not include collection-oriented relations.
+</p>
+
+<div id="relations-at-a-glance-div" style="text-align: center;">
+<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="relations-at-a-glance"><span class="insert">Table 3: </span>PROV-DM Relations At a Glance</caption>
+<tbody><tr><td></td><td>Entity</td><td>Activity</td><td>Agent</td><td>Note</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Entity</td><td><div class="component3-color"><a href="#dfn-wasderivedfrom" class="internalDFN">wasDerivedFrom</a><br><a href="#dfn-wasrevisionof" class="internalDFN">wasRevisionOf</a><br><a href="#dfn-wasquotedfrom" class="internalDFN">wasQuotedFrom</a><br><a href="#dfn-hadoriginalsource" class="internalDFN">hadOriginalSource</a></div><div class="component4-color"><a href="#dfn-alternateof" class="internalDFN">alternateOf</a><br><a href="#dfn-specializationof" class="internalDFN">specializationOf</a></div></td><td class="component1-color"><a title="wasGeneratedBy" href="#dfn-wasgeneratedby" class="internalDFN">wasGeneratedBy</a></td><td class="component2-color"><a href="#dfn-wasattributedto" class="internalDFN">wasAttributedTo</a></td><td class="component6-color"><a href="#dfn-hasannotation" class="internalDFN">hasAnnotation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Activity</td><td><div class="component1-color"><a href="#dfn-used" class="internalDFN">used</a><br><a href="#dfn-wasstartedby" class="internalDFN">wasStartedBy</a><br><a href="#dfn-wasendedby" class="internalDFN">wasEndedBy</a></div></td><td class="component1-color"><a href="#dfn-wasstartedbyactivity" class="internalDFN">wasStartedByActivity</a><br><a href="#dfn-wasinformedby" class="internalDFN">wasInformedBy</a></td><td class="component2-color"><a href="#dfn-wasassociatedwith" class="internalDFN">wasAssociatedWith</a></td><td class="component6-color"><a href="#dfn-hasannotation" class="internalDFN">hasAnnotation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Agent</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td class="component2-color"><a href="#dfn-actedonbehalfof" class="internalDFN">actedOnBehalfOf</a></td><td class="component6-color"><a href="#dfn-hasannotation" class="internalDFN">hasAnnotation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Note</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td class="component6-color"><a href="#dfn-hasannotation" class="internalDFN">hasAnnotation</a></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+<p><a href="#prov-dm-types-and-relations">Table <span class="delete">prov-dm-concepts-and-relations</span><span class="insert">4</span></a> is a complete index of all the <span class="delete">concepts</span><span class="insert">types</span> and relations <span class="delete">in prov-dm,</span><span class="insert">of PROV-DM,</span> color-coded according to the component they belong <span class="delete">too.</span><span class="insert">to.</span> In the first column,<span class="delete"> one finds </span> concept names<span class="delete"> directly linking</span><span class="insert"> link</span> to their <span class="delete">English definition. In</span><span class="insert">informal definition, whereas, in</span> the second column, <span class="delete">we find their representation in the PROV-N notation, directly linking</span><span class="insert">representations link</span> to the <span class="delete">definition of their various constituents.</span><span class="insert">information used to represent the concept.</span></p>
+
+
+<div id="prov-dm-types-and-relations" style="text-align: left;">
+<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="prov-dm-types-and-relations"><span class="insert">Table 4: </span>PROV-DM <span class="delete">Concepts</span><span class="insert">Types</span> and Relations</caption>
+<tbody><tr><td><a><b><span class="insert">Type or Relation Name</span></b></a></td><td><b><span class="insert">Representation in the PROV-N notation</span></b></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">Entity</a></td><td><a title="dfn-Entity" href="#dfn-entity" class="internalDFN">entity(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">Activity</a></td><td><a title="dfn-Activity" href="#dfn-activity" class="internalDFN">activity(id, st, et, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a></td><td><a title="wasGeneratedBy" href="#dfn-wasgeneratedby" class="internalDFN">wasGeneratedBy(id,e,a,t,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a></td><td><a title="used" href="#dfn-used" class="internalDFN">used(id,a,e,t,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a></td><td><a title="wasStartedBy" href="#dfn-wasstartedby" class="internalDFN">wasStartedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a></td><td><a title="wasEndedBy" href="#dfn-wasendedby" class="internalDFN">wasEndedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN">Communication</a></td><td><a title="wasInformedBy" href="#dfn-wasinformedby" class="internalDFN">wasInformedBy(id,a2,a1,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a href="#concept-startByActivity" class="internalDFN">Start by Activity</a></td><td><a title="wasStartedByActivity" href="#dfn-wasstartedbyactivity" class="internalDFN">wasStartedByActivity(id, a2, a1, attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component2-color"><td><a href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">Agent</a></td><td><a title="dfn-agent" href="#dfn-agent" class="internalDFN">agent(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component2-color"><td><a href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">Attribution</a></td><td><a title="wasAttributedTo" href="#dfn-wasattributedto" class="internalDFN">wasAttributedTo(id,e,ag,attr)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component2-color"><td><a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">Association</a></td><td><a title="wasAssociatedWith" href="#dfn-wasassociatedwith" class="internalDFN">wasAssociatedWith(id,a,ag,pl,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component2-color"><td><a href="#concept-responsibility" class="internalDFN">Responsibility</a></td><td><a title="actedOnBehalfOf" href="#dfn-actedonbehalfof" class="internalDFN">actedOnBehalfOf(id,ag2,ag1,a,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td><a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">Derivation</a></td><td><a title="wasDerivedFrom" href="#dfn-wasderivedfrom" class="internalDFN">wasDerivedFrom(id, e2, e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td><a href="#concept-revision" class="internalDFN">Revision</a></td><td><a title="wasRevisionOf" href="#dfn-wasrevisionof" class="internalDFN">wasRevisionOf(id,e2,e1,ag,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td><a href="#concept-quotation" class="internalDFN">Quotation</a></td><td><a title="wasQuotedFrom" href="#dfn-wasquotedfrom" class="internalDFN">wasQuotedFrom(id,e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td><a href="#concept-original-source" class="internalDFN">Original Source</a></td><td><a title="hadOriginalSource" href="#dfn-hadoriginalsource" class="internalDFN">hadOriginalSource(id,e2,e1,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td><a href="#concept-traceability" class="internalDFN">Traceability</a></td><td><a title="tracedTo" href="#dfn-tracedto" class="internalDFN">tracedTo(id,e2,e1,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component4-color"><td><a href="#concept-alternate" class="internalDFN">Alternate</a></td><td><a title="alternateOf" href="#dfn-alternateof" class="internalDFN">alternateOf(alt1, alt2)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component4-color"><td><a href="#concept-specialization" class="internalDFN">Specialization</a></td><td><a title="specializationOf" href="#dfn-specializationof" class="internalDFN">specializationOf(sub, super)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component5-color"><td><a href="#concept-collection" class="internalDFN">Collection</a></td><td><a href="#concept-collection" class="internalDFN">Collection</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component5-color"><td><a href="#concept-insertion" class="internalDFN">Insertion</a></td><td><a title="derivedByInsertionFrom" href="#dfn-derivedbyinsertionfrom" class="internalDFN">derivedByInsertionFrom(id, c2, c1, {(key_1, e_1), ..., (key_n, e_n)}, attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component5-color"><td><a href="#concept-removal" class="internalDFN">Removal</a></td><td><a title="derivedByRemovalFrom" href="#dfn-derivedbyremovalfrom" class="internalDFN">derivedByRemovalFrom(id, c2, c1, {key_1, ... key_n}, attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component5-color"><td><a href="#concept-membership" class="internalDFN">Membership</a></td><td><a title="memberOf" href="#dfn-memberof" class="internalDFN">memberOf(c, {(key_1, e_1), ..., (key_n, e_n)})</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component6-color"><td><a href="#concept-note" class="internalDFN">Note</a></td><td><a title="dfn-note" href="#dfn-note" class="internalDFN">note(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component6-color"><td><a href="#concept-annotation" class="internalDFN">Annotation</a></td><td><a title="hasAnnotation" href="#dfn-hasannotation" class="internalDFN">hasAnnotation(r,n)</a></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+In the rest of the section, each <span class="delete">concept</span><span class="insert">type</span> and relation is <span class="delete">defined, in English initially, </span><span class="insert">defined informally,
+ </span>followed by a <span class="delete">more formal definition</span><span class="insert">summary of the information used to represent the concept,</span> and<span class="delete"> some example.</span><span class="insert">
+ illustrated with PROV-N examples.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div id="component1" class="section">
+<h3><span class="secno">4.1 </span>Component 1: Entities and Activities</h3>
+
+<p>The first component of PROV-DM is concerned with <a title="entity" href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">entities</a> and <a title="activity" href="#concept-activity" class="internalDFN">activities</a>, and their <span class="delete">inter-relations:</span><span class="insert">interrelations:</span> <a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>, <a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a>, <a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a>, <a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a>, <a href="#concept-communication" class="internalDFN">Communication</a>, and <a href="#concept-startByActivity" class="internalDFN">Start by Activity</a>. Figure <a href="#figure-component1">figure-component1</a> <span class="delete">overviews</span><span class="insert">uses UML to depict</span> the first component, with two <span class="delete">"UML classes"</span><span class="insert">classes</span> and binary associations between them. Associations are not just <span class="delete">binary;</span><span class="insert">binary:</span> indeed, <a href="#concept-usage" class="internalDFN">Usage</a>, <a href="#concept-generation" class="internalDFN">Generation</a>, <a href="#concept-start" class="internalDFN">Start</a>, <a href="#concept-end" class="internalDFN">End</a> <span class="delete">are remarkable because they have </span><span class="insert">also include </span><em>time</em> <span class="delete">attributes, which are placeholders for time information related to provenance.</span><span class="insert">attributes.</span>
+</p>
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<img src="images/Entities-Activities.png" alt="entities and activities">
+<figcaption id="figure-component1"><span class="insert">Figure 5: </span>Entities and Activities Component Overview</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div id="term-Entity" class="section">
+
+<h4><span class="secno">4.1.1 </span>Entity</h4>
+
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"> An <dfn id="concept-entity">entity</dfn> is a <span class="delete">thing one wants to provide provenance for. For the purpose of this specification, things can</span><span class="insert">physical, digital, conceptual, or other kind of thing; entities may</span> be <span class="delete">physical, digital, conceptual,</span><span class="insert">real</span> or<span class="delete"> otherwise; things may be real or</span> imaginary. </div>
+
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-entity">An <dfn title="dfn-Entity" id="dfn-entity">entity</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-entity">entity(id, [attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-N, </span> <span class="delete">contains:</span><span class="insert">has:</span>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="entity.id">id</span>: an identifier for an entity; </li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="entity.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set of attribute-value pairs ((<span class="name">attr1</span>, <span class="name">val1</span>), ...) representing <span class="insert">additional information about </span>this <span class="delete">entity's situation in the world.</span><span class="insert">entity.</span></li>
+</ul></div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following expression</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
+</pre>
+states the existence of an entity, denoted by identifier <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>, with type <span class="name">document</span> and version number <span class="name">2</span>. The<span class="delete"> attributes</span><span class="insert"> attribute</span> <span class="name">ex:version</span> is application specific, whereas the attribute <span class="name">type</span> <span class="insert">(see </span><a href="#term-attribute-type"><span class="insert">Section 4.7.4.4</span></a><span class="insert">) </span>is reserved in the <span class="delete">PROV-DM namespace.</span><a title="prov-namespace" href="#dfn-prov-namespace" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">PROV namespace</span></a><span class="insert">.</span>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<span class="delete">The characterization interval of an entity is currently implicit. Making it explicit would allow us to define wasComplementOf more precisely.
+Beginning and end of characterization interval could be expressed by attributes (similarly to activities).
+How do we define the end of an entity? This is </span><span class="delete">ISSUE-204</span><span class="delete">.
+</span>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="term-Activity" class="section">
+
+<h4><span class="secno">4.1.2 </span>Activity</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"> An <dfn id="concept-activity">activity</dfn> is something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with <span class="delete">entities.</span><span class="insert">entities;</span> <span class="delete">This action can take multiple forms:</span><span class="insert">it may include</span> consuming, processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, generating, or being associated with entities. </div>
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-activity"> An <dfn title="dfn-Activity" id="dfn-activity">activity</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-activity">activity(id, st, et, [attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-N,</span> <span class="delete">contains:</span><span class="insert">has:</span>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="activity.id">id</span>: an identifier for an activity;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="activity.startTime">startTime</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> time (<span class="name">st</span>) for the start of the activity;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="activity.endTime">endTime</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> time (<span class="name">et</span>) for the end of the activity;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="activity.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set of attribute-value pairs ((<span class="name">attr1</span>, <span class="name">val1</span>), ...) <span class="delete">for</span><span class="insert">representing additional information about</span> this activity.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following expression</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">activity(a1,2011-11-16T16:05:00,2011-11-16T16:06:00,
+ [ex:host="server.example.org",prov:type="ex:edit" %% xsd:QName])
+</pre>
+<p>states the existence of an activity with identifier <span class="name">a1</span>, start time <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:05:00</span>, and end time <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:06:00</span>, running on host <span class="name">server.example.org</span>, and of type <span class="name">edit</span>. The attribute <span class="name">host</span> is application specific (declared in some namespace with prefix <span class="name">ex</span>). The attribute <span class="name">type</span> is a reserved attribute of PROV-DM, allowing for sub-typing to be <span class="delete">expressed.</span><span class="insert">expressed (see </span><a href="#term-attribute-type"><span class="insert">Section 4.7.4.4</span></a><span class="insert">).</span></p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>Further considerations:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>An activity is not an entity. This distinction is similar to the distinction between
+'continuant' and 'occurrent' in logic [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-Logic">Logic</a></cite>].
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-Generation" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">4.1.3 </span>Generation</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"> <dfn id="concept-generation">Generation</dfn> is the completion of production of a new entity by an activity. This entity <span class="insert">did not exist before generation and </span>becomes available for usage after this<span class="delete"> generation. This entity did not exist before</span> generation. </div>
+
+<p>
+</p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-generation"><dfn title="wasGeneratedBy" id="dfn-wasgeneratedby">Generation</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasGeneratedBy(id,e,a,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> <span class="delete">has the following components:</span><span class="insert">has:</span>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="generation.id">id</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier for a generation;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="generation.entity">entity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e</span>) for a created entity; </li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="generation.activity">activity</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) for the activity that creates the entity;</li>
+
+<li><span class="attribute" id="generation.time">time</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> "generation time" (<span class="name">t</span>), the time at which the entity was completely created;</li>
+
+<li><span class="attribute" id="generation.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs <span class="delete">that describes the modalities of generation of</span><span class="insert">representing additional information about</span> this <span class="delete">entity by this activity.</span><span class="insert">generation.</span></li>
+</ul></div>
+<p>While each of the components <span class="attribute">activity</span>, <span class="attribute">time</span>, and <span class="attribute">attributes</span> is <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em>, at least one of them <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be present.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following expressions</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> wasGeneratedBy(e1,a1, 2001-10-26T21:32:52, [ex:port="p1"])
+ wasGeneratedBy(e2,a1, 2001-10-26T10:00:00, [ex:port="p2"])
+</pre>
+<p>state the existence of two generations (with respective times <span class="name">2001-10-26T21:32:52</span> and <span class="name">2001-10-26T10:00:00</span>), at which new entities, identified by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, are created by an
+activity, identified by <span class="name">a1</span>.
+The first one is available on port <span class="delete">p1,</span><span class="name"><span class="insert">p1</span></span><span class="insert">,</span> whereas the other is available on port <span class="delete">p2.</span><span class="name"><span class="insert">p2</span></span><span class="insert">.</span> The semantics of <span class="name">port</span> are application specific.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+In some cases, we may want to record the time at which an entity was generated without having to specify the activity that generated it. To support this requirement, the activity <span class="delete">component</span><span class="insert">element</span> in generation is optional. Hence, the following expression indicates the time at which an entity is generated, without naming the activity that did it.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> wasGeneratedBy(e,-,2001-10-26T21:32:52)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="issue"><span class="insert">A construct that marks the "end of life" of an entity may be introduced.
+ This is </span><a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/204"><span class="insert">ISSUE-204</span></a><span class="insert">.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="term-Usage" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">4.1.4 </span>Usage</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"> <dfn id="concept-usage">Usage</dfn> is the beginning of <span class="delete">consumption of</span><span class="insert">utilizing</span> an entity by an activity. Before usage, the activity had not begun to <span class="delete">consume or use</span><span class="insert">utilize</span> this entity and could not have been affected by the entity. </div>
+
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-usage"><dfn title="used" id="dfn-used">Usage</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">used(id,a,e,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> <span class="delete">has the following constituents:</span><span class="insert">has:</span>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="usage.id">id</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier for a usage;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="usage.activity">activity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) for the consuming activity;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="usage.entity">entity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e</span>) for the consumed entity;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="usage.time">time</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> "usage time" (<span class="name">t</span>), the time at which the entity started to be used;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="usage.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs <span class="delete">that describe the modalities of usage of</span><span class="insert">representing additional information about</span> this <span class="delete">entity by this activity.</span><span class="insert">usage.</span></li>
+</ul></div>
+
+<p>
+A reference to a given entity <em class="rfc2119" title="may">may</em> appear in multiple usages that share
+ a given activity identifier.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following usages</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> used(a1,e1,2011-11-16T16:00:00,[ex:parameter="p1"])
+ used(a1,e2,2011-11-16T16:00:01,[ex:parameter="p2"])
+</pre>
+<p>state that the activity identified by <span class="name">a1</span> used two entities identified by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, at times <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> and <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:01</span>, respectively; the first
+one was found as the value of parameter <span class="name">p1</span>, whereas the second was found as value of parameter <span class="name">p2</span>. The semantics of <span class="name">parameter</span> is application specific.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="term-Start" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">4.1.5 </span>Start</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"> <dfn id="concept-start">Start</dfn> is when an activity is deemed to have started. The activity did not exist before its start. Any usage or generation involving an activity follows <span class="delete">its</span><span class="insert">the activity's</span> start. A start may refer to an entity, known as <dfn id="concept-start-trigger">trigger</dfn>, that initiated the activity. </div>
+
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-start">An activity <dfn title="wasStartedBy" id="dfn-wasstartedby">start</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasStartedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> <span class="delete">contains:</span><span class="insert">has:</span>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="start.id">id</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier for the activity start;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="start.activity">activity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) for the started activity;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="start.trigger">trigger</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">e</span>) for the entity triggering the activity;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="start.time">time</span>: the <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> time (<span class="name">t</span>) at which the activity was started; </li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="start.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs <span class="delete">describing modalities according to which the</span><span class="insert">representing additional information about this</span> activity <span class="delete">was started.</span><span class="insert">start.</span>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following example contains the description of an activity <span class="name">a1</span> (a discussion), which was started at a specific time, and was triggered by an email message <span class="name">e1</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(e1,[prov:type="email message"])
+activity(a1,[prov:type="Discuss"])
+wasStartedBy(a1,e1,2011-11-16T16:05:00)
+</pre>
+Furthermore, if the <span class="delete">activity happens</span><span class="insert">message is also an input</span> to <span class="delete">consume the message content, then the message would also</span><span class="insert">the activity, this can</span> be <span class="delete">regarded as an input to the activity, which we describe</span><span class="insert">described</span> as follows:
+<pre class="codeexample">used(a1,e1,-)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+In the following example, a race is started by a bang, and responsibility for this trigger is attributed to an agent
+ <span class="name">ex:DarthVader</span>.
+</p><pre class="codeexample">activity(ex:foot_race)
+wasStartedBy(ex:foot_race,ex:bang,2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00)
+entity(ex:bang)
+<span class="delete">agent(ex:DarthVader)
+wasAttributedTo(ex:foot_race,ex:DarthVader)</span><span class="insert">agent(ex:Bob)
+wasAttributedTo(ex:bang,ex:Bob)</span>
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>The relations wasStartedBy and used are orthogonal, and thus need to be expressed independently, according to the situation being described.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-End" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">4.1.6 </span>End</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"> <dfn id="concept-end">End</dfn> is when an activity is deemed to have ended. The activity no longer exists after its end. Any usage, generation, or invalidation involving an activity precedes <span class="delete">its</span><span class="insert">the activity's</span> end. An end may refer to an entity, known as <dfn id="concept-end-trigger">trigger</dfn>, that terminated the activity. </div>
+
+
+<p>An activity <dfn title="wasEndedBy" id="dfn-wasendedby">end</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasEndedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> <span class="delete">contains:</span><span class="insert">has:</span></p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="end.id">id</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier for the activity end;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="end.activity">activity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) for the ended activity;
+</li><li><span class="attribute" id="end.trigger">trigger</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">e</span>) for the entity triggering the activity ending;
+</li><li><span class="attribute" id="end.time">time</span>: the <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> time (<span class="name">t</span>) at which the activity was ended; </li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="end.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs <span class="delete">describing modalities according to which the</span><span class="insert">representing additional information about this</span> activity <span class="delete">was ended.</span><span class="insert">end.</span>
+</li></ul>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following example is a description of an activity <span class="name">a1</span> (editing) that was ended following an approval document <span class="name">e1</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(e1,[prov:type="approval document"])
+activity(a1,[prov:type="Editing"])
+wasEndedBy(a1,e1)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-wasInformedBy" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">4.1.7 </span>Communication</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"> <dfn id="concept-communication">Communication</dfn> is the exchange of an entity by two activities, one activity using the entity generated by the other. </div>
+
+
+<p>A communication implies that activity <span class="name">a2</span> is dependent on another <span class="name">a1</span>, by way of some unspecified entity that is generated by <span class="name">a1</span> and used by <span class="name">a2</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-wasInformedBy">
+A <dfn title="wasInformedBy" id="dfn-wasinformedby">communication</dfn><span class="withPn">, written as
+<span class="pnExpression">wasInformedBy(id,a2,a1,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> <span class="delete">contains:</span><span class="insert">has:</span>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="wasInformedBy.id">id</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier identifying the relation;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="wasInformedBy.informed">informed</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">a2</span>) of the informed activity;
+</li><li><span class="attribute" id="wasInformedBy.informant">informant</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">a1</span>) of the informant activity;
+</li><li><span class="attribute" id="wasInformedBy.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs <span class="delete">to further describe properties of the relation.</span><span class="insert">representing additional information about this communication.</span></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+Consider two <span class="delete">long running services, which we represent by </span>activities <span class="name"><span class="delete">s1</span><span class="insert">a1</span></span> and <span class="name"><span class="delete">s2</span><span class="delete">.
+</span><span class="insert">a2</span></span><span class="insert">, the former performed by a government agency, and the latter by a driver caught speeding.
+</span></p><pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">activity(s1, [prov:type="service"])
+activity(s2, [prov:type="service"])
+wasInformedBy(s2,s1)</span><span class="insert">activity(a1, [prov:type="traffic regulations enforcing"])
+activity(a2, [prov:type="fine paying; check writing; mailing"])
+wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span>
+</pre>
+The last line indicates that some<span class="insert"> implicit</span> entity was generated by <span class="name"><span class="delete">s1</span><span class="insert">a1</span></span> and used by <span class="name"><span class="delete">s2</span><span class="delete">.</span><span class="insert">a2</span></span><span class="insert">; this entity may be a traffic ticket that had a notice of fine, amount, and payment mailing details.</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-wasStartedByActivity" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">4.1.8 </span>Start by Activity</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"> <dfn id="concept-startByActivity">Start by Activity</dfn> is the start of an activity with an implicit trigger generated by another activity. </div>
+
+
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-startByActivity">
+A <dfn title="wasStartedByActivity" id="dfn-wasstartedbyactivity">start by activity</dfn><span class="withPn">, written as
+<span class="pnExpression">wasStartedByActivity(id, a2, a1, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> <span class="delete">contains:</span><span class="insert">has:</span>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="startByActivity.id">id</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier of the relation;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="startByActivity.started">started</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">a2</span>) of the started activity;
+</li><li><span class="attribute" id="startByActivity.starter">starter</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">a1</span>) of the activity that started the other;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="startByActivity.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs <span class="delete">to further describe the properties of the relation.</span><span class="insert">representing additional information about this start by activity.</span></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+Suppose activities <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> are computer processes that are executed on different hosts, and that <span class="name">a1</span> started <span class="name">a2</span>. This can be expressed as in the following fragment:</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">activity(a1,t1,t2,[ex:host="server1.example.org",prov:type="workflow"])
+activity(a2,t3,t4,[ex:host="server2.example.org",prov:type="subworkflow"])
+wasStartedByActivity(a2,a1)
+</pre><span class="insert">
+It is assumed that the activities </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">a1</span></span><span class="insert"> and </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">a2</span></span><span class="insert"> are of type "workflow" and "subworkflow", respectively; the latter was started by the former.</span>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="component2" class="section">
+<h3><span class="secno">4.2 </span>Component 2: Agents and Responsibility</h3>
+
+<p>The second component of PROV-DM is concerned with <a title="agent" href="#concept-agent" class="internalDFN">agents</a> and the notions of
+<a href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN">Attribution</a>, <a href="#concept-activityAssociation" class="internalDFN">Association</a>, <a href="#concept-responsibility" class="internalDFN">Responsibility</a>, relating agents to entities, activities, and agents, respectively.
+Figure <a href="#figure-component2">figure-component2</a> depicts the second <span class="delete">component,</span><span class="insert">component</span> with four <span class="delete">"UML classes"</span><span class="insert">classes</span> (Entity, Activity, Agent, and Plan) and associations between them. <span class="delete">So-called "UML</span><span class="insert">UML</span> association <span class="delete">classes"</span><span class="insert">classes</span> are used to express n-ary relations.
+</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<img src="images/Agents-Responsibility.png" alt="agents and responsibilities">
+<figcaption id="figure-component2"><span class="insert">Figure 6: </span>Agents and Responsibilities Component Overview</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-Agent" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">4.2.1 </span>Agent</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"> An <dfn id="concept-agent">agent</dfn> is <span class="delete">a type of entity</span><span class="insert">something</span> that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking <span class="delete">place.</span><span class="insert">place or for the existence of an entity.</span> </div>
+
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-agent">An <dfn title="dfn-agent" id="dfn-agent">agent</dfn><span class="withPn">, <span class="delete">noted</span><span class="insert">written</span> <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-agent">agent(id, [attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-N,</span> <span class="delete">contains:</span><span class="insert">has:</span>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="agent.id">id</span>: an identifier for an agent;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="agent.attributes">attributes</span>: a set of attribute-value pairs ((<span class="name">attr1</span>, <span class="name">val1</span>), ...) representing <span class="insert">additional information about </span>this <span class="delete">agent's situation in the world.</span><span class="insert">agent.</span>
+</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+
+<p>
+
+It is useful to define some basic categories of agents from an interoperability perspective.
+There are three types of agents that are common across most anticipated domains of <span class="delete">use:
+</span><span class="insert">use; It is acknowledged that these types do not cover all kinds of agent. </span></p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="name"><span class="insert">SoftwareAgent</span></span>
+<div class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"><span class="insert"> A </span><dfn id="concept-software-agent" title="software-agent"><span class="insert">software agent</span></dfn><span class="insert"> is running software. </span></div></li>
+
+<p>
+
+</p><li><span class="name"><span class="insert">Organization</span></span>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"><span class="insert"> Agents of type </span><dfn id="concept-organization" title="organization"><span class="insert">Organization</span></dfn><span class="insert"> are social or legal institutions such as companies, societies, etc. </span></div></li>
+
+<p>
+
+</p><li><span class="name">Person</span><span class="delete">: agents</span>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"><span class="insert"> Agents</span> of type <dfn id="concept-person" title="person">Person </dfn> are people. </div></li>
+<span class="delete">Organization</span><span class="delete">: agents of type Organization are social institutions such as companies, societies etc.</span>
+<span class="delete">SoftwareAgent</span><span class="delete">: a software agent is running software. </span>
+</ul>
+<span class="delete">It is acknowledged that these types do not cover all kinds of agent. </span>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following expression is about an agent identified by <span class="name">e1</span>, which is a person, named Alice, with employee number 1234.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">agent(e1, [ex:employee="1234", ex:name="Alice", prov:type="prov:Person" %% xsd:QName])
+</pre>
+<p>It is optional to specify the type of an agent. When present, it is expressed using the <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute.</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-attribution" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">4.2.2 </span>Attribution</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"> <dfn id="concept-attribution">Attribution</dfn> is the ascribing of an entity to an agent. </div>
+
+<p>When an entity <span class="name">e</span> is attributed to agent <span class="name">ag</span>, entity <span class="name">e</span> was generated by some unspecified activity that in turn was associated to agent <span class="name">ag</span>. Thus, this relation is useful when the activity is not known, or irrelevant.</p>
+
+<p> </p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-attribution">An <dfn title="wasAttributedTo" id="dfn-wasattributedto">attribution</dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasAttributedTo(id,e,ag,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> <span class="delete">contains the following elements:</span><span class="insert">has:</span><p></p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="attribution.id">id</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier for the relation;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="attribution.entity">entity</span>: an entity identifier (<span class="name">e</span>);</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="attribution.agent">agent</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">ag</span>) of the agent whom the entity is ascribed to;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="attribution.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs <span class="delete">to further describe the properties of the relation.</span><span class="insert">representing additional information about this attribution.</span></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-attribution">
+<p>
+Revisiting the example of <a href="#section-example-one">Section <span class="delete">3.2</span><span class="insert">3.1</span></a>,
+we can ascribe <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> to some agents without an explicit activity.<span class="insert"> The reserved attribute </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">role</span></span><span class="insert"> (see </span><a href="#term-attribute-role"><span class="insert">Section 4.7.4.3</span></a><span class="insert">) allows for role of the agent in the attribution to be specified.</span>
+</p><pre class="codeexample">agent(ex:Paolo, [ prov:type="Person" ])
+agent(ex:Simon, [ prov:type="Person" ])
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ <span class="delete">prov:type="pr:RecsWD"</span><span class="insert">prov:type="process:RecsWD"</span> %% xsd:QName ])
+wasAttributedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:Paolo, [prov:role="editor"])
+wasAttributedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:Simon, [prov:role="contributor"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="term-ActivityAssociation" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">4.2.3 </span>Association</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"> An activity <dfn id="concept-activityAssociation">association</dfn> is an assignment of responsibility to an agent for an activity, indicating that the agent had a role in the activity. It further allows for a plan to be specified, which is the plan intended by the agent to achieve some goals in the context of this activity. </div>
+
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-activity-association">An <dfn title="wasAssociatedWith" id="dfn-wasassociatedwith">activity association</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasAssociatedWith(id,a,ag,pl,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> <span class="delete">has the following
+constituents:</span><span class="insert">has:</span>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="association.id">id</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier for the association between an activity and an agent;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="association.activity">activity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) for the activity;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="association.agent">agent</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">ag</span>) for the agent associated with the activity;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="association.plan">plan</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">pl</span>) for the plan adopted by the agent in the context of this activity;
+</li><li><span class="attribute" id="association.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs <span class="delete">that describe the modalities of</span><span class="insert">representing additional information about this</span> association of this activity with this agent.</li>
+</ul></div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-wasAssociateWith">
+<p>In the following example, a designer and an operator agents are associated with an activity. The designer's goals are achieved by a workflow <span class="name">ex:wf</span><span class="insert">, described as an an entity of type </span><span class="name"><a href="#concept-plan" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">plan</span></a></span>. </p>
+<pre class="codeexample">activity(ex:a, [prov:type="workflow execution"])
+agent(ex:ag1, [prov:type="operator"])
+agent(ex:ag2, [prov:type="designer"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a, ex:ag1, -, [prov:role="loggedInUser", ex:how="webapp"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a, ex:ag2, ex:wf,[prov:role="designer", ex:context="project1"])
+entity(ex:wf, [prov:type="prov:Plan" %% xsd:QName, ex:label="Workflow 1",
+ ex:url="http://example.org/workflow1.bpel" %% xsd:anyURI])
+</pre>
+Since the workflow <span class="name">ex:wf</span> is itself an entity, its provenance can also be expressed in PROV-DM: it can be generated by some activity and derived from other entities,
+for instance.
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-wasAssociateWith-2">
+<p>In some cases, one wants to indicate a plan was followed, without having to specify which agent was involved.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">activity(ex:a,[prov:type="workflow execution"])
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:a,-,ex:wf)
+entity(ex:wf,[prov:type="prov:Plan"%% xsd:QName, ex:label="Workflow 1",
+ ex:url="http://example.org/workflow1.bpel" %% xsd:anyURI])
+</pre>
+In this case, it is assumed that an agent exists, but it has not been specified.
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-responsibility" class="section">
+
+<h4><span class="secno">4.2.4 </span>Responsibility</h4>
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"> <dfn id="concept-responsibility">Responsibility</dfn> is the fact that an agent is accountable for the actions of a "subordinate" agent, in the context of an activity. </div>
+
+<p><span class="delete">PROV-DM</span><span class="insert">PROV</span> offers a mild version of responsibility
+in the form of a relation to represent when an agent acted on another
+agent's behalf. So <span class="delete">in the</span><span class="insert">for</span> example<span class="delete"> of</span> someone running a mail program,
+the program and the person are both
+agents of the activity; furthermore, the mail software
+agent is running on the person's behalf. In another example, the
+student acted on behalf of his supervisor, who acted on behalf of the
+department chair, who <span class="delete">acts</span><span class="insert">acted</span> on behalf of the university; all those
+agents are responsible in some way for the activity <span class="delete">to take</span><span class="insert">that took</span> place but
+we do not say explicitly who bears responsibility and to what
+degree. </p>
+
+
+<p>
+</p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-responsibility">
+A <dfn title="actedOnBehalfOf" id="dfn-actedonbehalfof">responsibility</dfn> <span class="delete">relation</span><span class="insert">link</span><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">actedOnBehalfOf(id,ag2,ag1,a,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> <span class="delete">has the following constituents:</span><span class="insert">has:</span>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="responsibility.id">id</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier for the responsibility <span class="delete">chain;</span><span class="insert">link between subordinate and responsible;</span></li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="responsibility.subordinate">subordinate</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">ag2</span>) for the agent associated with an activity, acting on behalf of the responsible
+agent;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="responsibility.responsible">responsible</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">ag1</span>) for the agent, on behalf of which the subordinate agent acted;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="responsibility.activity">activity</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) of an activity for which the responsibility <span class="delete">chain</span><span class="insert">link</span> holds;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="responsibility.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs <span class="delete">that describe the modalities of</span><span class="insert">representing additional information about</span> this <span class="delete">relation.</span><span class="insert">responsibility link.</span></li>
+</ul></div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p><span class="delete">In the</span><span class="insert">The</span> following <span class="delete">example,</span><span class="insert">fragment describes three agents:</span> a programmer, a <span class="delete">researcher</span><span class="insert">researcher,</span> and a <span class="delete">funder agents are described.</span><span class="insert">funder.</span> The programmer and researcher are associated with a workflow activity. The programmer acts on behalf
+of the researcher (delegation) encoding the commands specified by the researcher; the researcher acts on behalf of the funder, who has <span class="delete">an</span><span class="insert">a</span> contractual agreement with the researcher. The terms
+'delegation' and 'contact' used in this example are domain specific.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">activity(a,[prov:type="workflow"])
+agent(ag1,[prov:type="programmer"])
+agent(ag2,[prov:type="researcher"])
+agent(ag3,[prov:type="funder"])
+wasAssociatedWith(a,ag1,[prov:role="loggedInUser"])
+wasAssociatedWith(a,ag2)<span class="insert">
+wasAssociatedWith(a,ag3)</span>
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag1,ag2,a,[prov:type="delegation"])
+actedOnBehalfOf(ag2,ag3,a,[prov:type="contract"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="component3" class="section">
+<h3><span class="secno">4.3 </span>Component 3: Derivations</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>The third component of PROV-DM is concerned with <a title="derivation" href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">derivations</a> <span class="delete">between</span><span class="insert">of</span> <a title="entity" href="#concept-entity" class="internalDFN">entities</a><span class="delete">,</span><span class="insert"> from others,</span> and <span class="insert">derivation </span>subtypes<span class="delete"> of derivations</span> <a href="#concept-revision" class="internalDFN">Revision</a>, <a href="#concept-quotation" class="internalDFN">Quotation</a>, <a href="#concept-original-source" class="internalDFN">Original Source</a>, and <a href="#concept-traceability" class="internalDFN">Traceability</a>.
+Figure <a href="#figure-component3">figure-component3</a> <span class="delete">overviews</span><span class="insert">depicts</span> the third <span class="delete">component,</span><span class="insert">component</span> with three<span class="delete"> "UML classes"</span><span class="insert"> classes</span> (Entity, Activity, and Agent) and associations between them. <span class="delete">So-called "UML</span><span class="insert">UML</span> association <span class="delete">classes" are used to</span><span class="insert">classes</span> express n-ary relations.
+</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<img src="images/Derivation.png" alt="derivation">
+<figcaption id="figure-component3"><span class="insert">Figure 7: </span>Derivation Component Overview</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+<div id="Derivation-Relation" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">4.3.1 </span>Derivation</h4>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"> A <dfn id="concept-derivation">derivation</dfn> is a transformation of an entity into another, a construction of an entity into another, or an update of an entity, resulting in a new one.</div>
+
+
+
+
+<p>According to <a href="#starting-points">Section <span class="delete">Starting Points</span><span class="insert">2</span></a>, for an entity to be transformed from, created from, or resulting from an update to another, there must be some
+underpinning activities performing the necessary actions resulting in such a derivation.
+A derivation can be described at various levels of precision. In its simplest form, derivation relates two entities. Optionally, attributes can be added to <span class="delete">describe modalities of</span><span class="insert">represent further information about the</span> derivation. If the derivation is the result of a single known activity, then this activity can also be optionally expressed. <span class="delete">And</span><span class="insert">To provide a completely accurate description of the derivation, the generation and usage of the generated and used entities, respectively, can be provided. Optional information such as activity, generation, and usage can be linked</span> to <span class="delete">provide a completely accurate description of the derivation, the generation and usage of the generated and used entities, respectively, can be provided. The reason for optional information such as activity, generation, and usage to be linked to </span>derivations<span class="delete"> is</span> to aid analysis of provenance and to facilitate provenance-based reproducibility. </p>
+
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-derivation">A <dfn title="wasDerivedFrom" id="dfn-wasderivedfrom">derivation</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression" id="pn-wasDerivedFrom">wasDerivedFrom(id, e2, e1, a, g2, u1, attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> <span class="delete">contains:</span><span class="insert">has:</span>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivation.id">id</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier for a derivation;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivation.generatedEntity">generatedEntity</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">ee</span>) of the entity generated by the derivation;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivation.usedEntity">usedEntity</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">e1</span>) of the entity used by the derivation;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivation.activity">activity</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) for the activity using and generating the above entities;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivation.generation">generation</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">g2</span>) for the generation involving the generated entity and activity;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivation.usage">usage</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">u1</span>) for the usage involving the used entity and activity;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivation.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs <span class="delete">that describe the modalities of</span><span class="insert">representing additional information about</span> this derivation.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following descriptions<span class="delete"> state the existence of derivations.</span>
+<span class="delete">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, [prov:type="physical transform"])
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+wasGeneratedBy(g2, e2, a, -)
+used(u1, a, e1, -)
+</span>
+<span class="delete">
+The first and second lines</span> are about derivations between <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span>, but no information is provided as to the identity of the activity (and usage and generation) underpinning the derivation. In the second line, a type attribute is also provided.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"><span class="insert">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1)
+wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, [prov:type="physical transform"])
+</span></pre>
+<p>
+The <span class="delete">third</span><span class="insert">following</span> description expresses that activity <span class="name">a</span>,
+using the entity <span class="name">e1</span> according to usage <span class="name">u1</span>,
+ derived the
+entity <span class="name">e2</span> and generated it according to generation
+ <span class="name">g2</span>. It is followed by descriptions for generation <span class="name">g2</span> and usage <span class="name">u1</span>. </p>
+<pre class="codeexample"><span class="insert">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
+wasGeneratedBy(g2, e2, a, -)
+used(u1, a, e1, -)
+</span></pre>
+<p>With such a comprehensive description of derivation, a program that analyzes provenance can identify the activity underpinning the derivation, it can identify how the original entity <span class="name">e1</span> was used by the activity (e.g. for instance, which argument it was passed as, if the activity is the result of a function invocation), and which output the derived entity <span class="name">e2</span> was obtained from (say, for a function returning multiple results).</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<span class="delete"> Emphasize the notion of 'affected by' </span><span class="delete">ISSUE-133</span><span class="delete">.</span>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-Revision" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">4.3.2 </span>Revision</h4>
+
+<p><span class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"> A <dfn id="concept-revision">revision</dfn> is a derivation that revises an entity into a revised version. </span></p>
+
+<p> Deciding whether something is made available as a revision of something else usually involves an agent who takes responsibility for approving that the former is a due variant of the latter.
+ The agent who is responsible for the revision may optionally be specified.
+ Revision is a particular case of <a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">derivation</a> of an entity into its revised version.</p>
+
+<p> A <dfn title="wasRevisionOf" id="dfn-wasrevisionof">revision</dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasRevisionOf(id,e2,e1,ag,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> <span class="delete">contains:</span><span class="insert">has:</span></p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="revision.id">id</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier for the relation;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="revision.newer">newer</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">e2</span>) of the revised entity;
+</li><li><span class="attribute" id="revision.older">older</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">e1</span>) of the older entity;
+</li><li><span class="attribute" id="revision.responsibility">responsibility</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">ag</span>) for the agent who approved the newer entity as a variant of the older;
+</li><li><span class="attribute" id="revision.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs <span class="delete">to further describe the properties of</span><span class="insert">representing additional information about</span> this relation.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-revision">
+<p>
+Revisiting the example of <a href="#section-example-two">Section <span class="delete">3.1</span><span class="insert">3.2</span></a>,
+we can now state that the report
+ <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is a revision of
+ the report <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</span>, approved by
+agent <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span>.
+</p><pre class="codeexample">entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ <span class="delete">prov:type="pr:RecsWD"</span><span class="insert">prov:type="process:RecsWD"</span> %% xsd:QName ])
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, [ <span class="delete">prov:type="pr:RecsWD"</span><span class="insert">prov:type="process:RecsWD"</span> %% xsd:QName ])
+wasRevisionOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, w3:Consortium)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-quotation" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">4.3.3 </span>Quotation</h4>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"> A <dfn id="concept-quotation">quotation</dfn> is the repeat of (some or all of) an entity, such as text or image, by someone other than its original author. </span>
+</p>
+
+<p>Quotation
+ is a particular case of <a href="#Derivation-Relation">derivation</a> in which entity <span class="name">e2</span> is derived from an original entity <span class="name">e1</span> by copying, or "quoting", some or all of it.
+ A <dfn title="wasQuotedFrom" id="dfn-wasquotedfrom">quotation</dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasQuotedFrom(id,e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> <span class="delete">contains:</span><span class="insert">has:</span></p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="quotation.id">id</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier for the relation;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="quotation.quote">quote</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e2</span>) for the entity that represents the quote (the partial copy);
+</li><li><span class="attribute" id="quotation.original">original</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e1</span>) for the original entity being quoted;
+</li><li><span class="attribute" id="quotation.quoterAgent">quoterAgent</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">ag2</span>) for the agent who performs the quote;
+</li><li><span class="attribute" id="quotation.originalAgent">originalAgent</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier (<span class="name">ag1</span>) for the agent to whom the original entity is attributed;
+</li><li><span class="attribute" id="quotation.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs <span class="delete">to further describe the properties of the</span><span class="insert">representing additional information about this</span> relation.</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-quotation">
+<p>
+The following paragraph is a quote from one of <a href="http://thinklinks.wordpress.com/2012/03/07/thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/">the author's blogs</a>.
+</p><blockquote id="bl-dagstuhl"><em>
+"During the workshop, it became clear to me that the consensus based models (which are often graphical in nature) can not only be formalized but also be directly connected to these database focused formalizations. I just needed to get over the differences in syntax. This could imply that we could have nice way to trace provenance across systems and through databases and be able to understand the mathematical properties of this interconnection."</em>
+</blockquote>
+<p>If <a href="http://thinklinks.wordpress.com/2012/03/07/thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/"><span class="name">wp:thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/</span></a> denotes the original blog by agent <span class="name">ex:Paul</span>, and
+ <a href="#bl-dagstuhl"><span class="name">dm:bl-dagstuhl</span></a> denotes the above paragraph, then the following descriptions express that the above paragraph is copied by agent <span class="name">ex:Luc</span> from a part of the blog, attributed to the agent <span class="name">ex:Paul</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(wp:thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/)
+agent(ex:Luc)
+agent(ex:Paul)
+wasQuotedFrom(dm:bl-dagstuhl,wp:thoughts-from-the-dagstuhl-principles-of-provenance-workshop/,ex:Luc,ex:Paul)
+</pre>
+
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="term-original-source" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">4.3.4 </span>Original Source</h4>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"> An <dfn id="concept-original-source">original source</dfn> refers to the source material that is closest to the person, information, period, or idea being studied. </span>
+</p>
+
+<p>An <dfn id="dfn-original-source">original source</dfn> relation is a particular case of <a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">derivation</a>
+that aims to give
+credit to the source that originated some information. It is recognized that it may be
+hard to determine which entity constitutes an original source. This definition is inspired by
+<span class="name">original-source</span> as defined in
+<a href="http://googlenewsblog.blogspot.com/2010/11/credit-where-credit-is-due.html">http://googlenewsblog.blogspot.com/2010/11/credit-where-credit-is-due.html</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p> An <dfn title="hadOriginalSource" id="dfn-hadoriginalsource">original source</dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">hadOriginalSource(id,e2,e1,attrs)</span>,</span> <span class="delete">contains:</span><span class="insert">has:</span></p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="originalSource.id">id</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier for the relation;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="originalSource.derived">derived</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e2</span>) for the derived entity; </li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="originalSource.source">source</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e1</span>) for the original source entity;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="originalSource.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs <span class="delete">to further describe the properties of the</span><span class="insert">representing additional information about this</span> relation.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+Let us consider the <span class="insert">concept introduced in the </span>current <span class="delete">section </span><span class="insert">section, identified as </span><a href="#concept-original-source"><span class="name"><span class="delete">dm:term-original-source</span><span class="insert">dm:concept-original-source</span></span></a>, and
+the Google page <a href="http://googlenewsblog.blogspot.com/2010/11/credit-where-credit-is-due.html"><span class="name">go:credit-where-credit-is-due.html</span></a>, where the notion <span class="insert">original-source </span>was originally <span class="delete">described.</span><span class="insert">described (to the knowledge of the authors).</span>
+</p><pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">entity(dm:term-original-source)</span><span class="insert">entity(dm:concept-original-source)</span>
+entity(go:credit-where-credit-is-due.html)
+<span class="delete">hadOriginalSource(dm:term-original-source,go:credit-where-credit-is-due.html)</span><span class="insert">hadOriginalSource(dm:concept-original-source,go:credit-where-credit-is-due.html)</span>
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-traceability" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">4.3.5 </span>Traceability</h4>
+
+<p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"> <dfn id="concept-traceability">Traceability</dfn> is the ability to link back an entity to another by means of derivation or responsibility relations, possibly repeatedly traversed. </span>
+</p>
+
+
+<p> A traceability relation between two entities <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span> is a generic dependency of <span class="name">e2</span>
+on <span class="name">e1</span> that indicates either that <span class="name">e1</span> may have been necessary for <span class="name">e2</span> to be created, or that <span class="name">e1</span> bears
+some responsibility for <span class="name">e2</span>'s existence.
+
+
+</p><p><span class="insert">A </span><dfn title="tracedTo" id="dfn-tracedto">Traceability</dfn><span class="insert"> relation </span><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">tracedTo(id,e2,e1,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> <span class="delete">contains:</span><span class="insert">has:</span></p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="traceability.id">id</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier identifying the relation;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="traceability.entity">entity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e2</span>) for an entity;
+</li><li><span class="attribute" id="traceability.ancestor">ancestor</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e1</span>) for an ancestor entity that the former depends on;
+</li><li><span class="attribute" id="traceability.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs <span class="delete">to further describe properties of the</span><span class="insert">representing additional information about this</span> relation.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>We note that the ancestor is allowed to be an agent since agents are entities. </p>
+
+<p>
+<a href="#concept-derivation" class="internalDFN">Derivation</a> and <span class="delete">association</span><a href="#concept-attribution" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">attribution</span></a> are particular cases of traceability.
+</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>We refer to the example of <a href="#section-example-two">Section 3.1</a>, and specifically to <a href="#prov-a-document">Figure <span class="delete">prov-tech-report</span><span class="insert">2</span></a>. We can see that there is a path from
+<span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> to
+<span class="name">w3:Consortium</span> <span class="delete">or</span><span class="insert">and</span> to
+<span class="name"><span class="delete">pr:rec-advance</span><span class="insert">process:rec-advance</span></span>. This is expressed as follows.
+</p><pre class="codeexample"> tracedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,w3:Consortium)
+ <span class="delete">tracedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,pr:rec-advance)</span><span class="insert">tracedTo(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,process:rec-advance)</span>
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="component4" class="section">
+<h3><span class="secno">4.4 </span>Component 4: Alternate Entities</h3>
+
+
+<p>The fourth component of PROV-DM is concerned with
+relations <a href="#concept-specialization" class="internalDFN">specialization</a> and <a href="#concept-alternate" class="internalDFN">alternate</a> between entities.
+Figure <a href="#figure-component4">figure-component4</a> <span class="delete">overviews
+the component, which consists of</span><span class="insert">depicts
+the fourth component with</span> a single <span class="delete">"UML Class"</span><span class="insert">class</span> and two associations.
+</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<img src="images/Alternates.png" alt="alternates">
+<figcaption id="figure-component4"><span class="insert">Figure 8: </span>Alternates Component Overview</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>Wherever two people describe the provenance of a same thing,
+one cannot expect them to coordinate and agree on the identifiers to use to denote that thing.</p>
+<div class="anexample" id="entity-example1">
+<p>User Alice writes an article. In its provenance, she wishes to refer to the precise version of the article with a date-specific URI, as she might edit the article later. Alternatively, user Bob refers to the article in general, <span class="delete">indepedently</span><span class="insert">independently</span> of its variants over time.</p>
+</div>
+<p>
+To allow for identifiers to be chosen freely and independently by each user, the PROV data model introduces relations
+that allow entities to be linked together.
+The following two relations are introduced for expressing specialized or alternate entities. </p>
+
+
+<div id="term-specialization" class="section">
+
+<h4><span class="secno">4.4.1 </span>Specialization</h4>
+
+
+<span class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"> An entity is a <dfn id="concept-specialization">specialization</dfn> of another if they refer to some common thing but the former is a more constrained entity than the latter. The common thing <span class="delete">do</span><span class="insert">does</span> not need to be identified. </span>
+
+
+<p>
+Examples of constraints include a time period, an abstraction, and a context associated with the entity.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+</p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-specialization">A <dfn title="specializationOf" id="dfn-specializationof">specialization</dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">specializationOf(sub, super)</span> in PROV-N,</span> <span class="delete">has the following constituents:</span><span class="insert">has:</span>
+
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="specialization.specializedEntity">specializedEntity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">sub</span>) of the specialized entity;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="specialization.generalEntity">generalEntity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">super</span>) of the entity that is being specialized.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-specialization">
+<p>
+The BBC news home page on 2012-03-23 <span class="name">ex:bbcNews2012-03-23</span>
+is a specialization of the BBC news page in general
+ <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/">bbc:news/</a>. This can be expressed as follows.
+</p><pre class="codeexample">specializationOf(ex:bbcNews2012-03-23, bbc:news/)
+</pre>
+<span class="delete">Given that the BBC news does not define a URI for this day's news page, we are creating a</span><span class="insert">We have created a new</span> qualified <span class="delete">name</span><span class="insert">name, </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">ex:bbcNews2012-03-23</span></span><span class="insert">,</span> in the namespace <span class="name">ex</span><span class="delete">.
+</span><span class="insert">, to identify the specific page carrying this day's news, which would otherwise be the generic </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">bbc:news/</span></span><span class="insert"> page.
+</span></div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-alternate" class="section">
+
+<h4><span class="secno">4.4.2 </span>Alternate</h4>
+
+
+<span class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"> An entity is <dfn id="concept-alternate">alternate</dfn> of another if they are both a specialization of some common entity. The common entity does not need to be identified. </span>
+
+
+
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-alternate">An <dfn title="alternateOf" id="dfn-alternateof">alternate</dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">alternateOf(e1, e2)</span> in PROV-N,</span> <span class="delete">has the following constituents:</span><span class="insert">has:</span>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="alternate.alternate1">alternate1</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e1</span>) of the first of the two entities;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="alternate.alternate2">alternate2</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e2</span>) of the second of the two entities.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-alternate">
+<p>
+A given news item on the BBC News site
+ <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17526723">bbc:news/science-environment-17526723</a> for desktop
+is an alternate of a
+ <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/mobile/science-environment-17526723">bbc:news/mobile/science-environment-17526723</a> for mobile devices.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(bbc:news/science-environment-17526723, [ prov:type="a news item for desktop"])
+entity(bbc:news/mobile/science-environment-17526723, [ prov:type="a news item for mobile devices"])
+alternateOf(bbc:news/science-environment-17526723, bbc:news/mobile/science-environment-17526723)
+</pre>
+<p>They are both specialization of an (unspecified) entity. </p>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-alternate2">
+<p>
+Considering again the two versions of the technical report <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span> (second working draft) and <span class="name"><span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</a></span></span> (first working draft). They are alternate of each other.
+</p><pre class="codeexample">entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018)
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215)
+alternateOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018,tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215)
+</pre>
+<p>They are both specialization of the page <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="component5" class="section">
+<h3><span class="secno">4.5 </span>Component 5: Collections</h3>
+
+<p>The fifth component of PROV-DM is concerned with the notion of collections.
+A collection is an entity that has some members. The members are themselves entities, and therefore their provenance can be expressed. <span class="delete">In many applications, it is also of interest</span><span class="insert">Some applications need</span> to be able to express the provenance of the collection itself: e.g. who maintains the collection, which <span class="delete">member</span><span class="insert">members</span> it contains <span class="delete">at which point in time,</span><span class="insert">as it evolves,</span> and how it was assembled. The purpose of Component 5 is to define the types and relations that are useful to express the provenance of collections. </p>
+
+<p>Figure <a href="#figure-component5">figure-component5</a> <span class="delete">overviews
+the component, which consists of</span><span class="insert">depicts
+the fifth component with</span> two<span class="delete"> "UML Class"</span><span class="insert"> classes</span> and three associations.
+</p>
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<img src="images/Collections.png" alt="collections">
+<figcaption id="figure-component5"><span class="insert">Figure 9: </span>Collections Component Overview</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>The intent of these relations and types is to express the <em>history of changes that occurred to a collection</em>.
+Changes to collections are about the insertion of entities to collections and the removal of members from collections.
+Indirectly, such history provides a way to reconstruct the contents of a collection.</p>
+
+<div id="term-collection" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">4.5.1 </span>Collection</h4>
+
+<span class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"> A <dfn id="concept-collection">collection</dfn> is an entity that provides a structure to some constituents, which are themselves entities. These constituents are said to be <dfn id="dfn-member-of">member of</dfn> the collections. </span>
+
+
+<p>Conceptually, a collection has a logical structure consisting of key-entity pairs. This structure is often referred to as a <em>map</em>, and is a generic indexing <span class="delete">mechanisms</span><span class="insert">mechanism</span> that can abstract commonly used data structures, including associative lists (also known as "dictionaries" in some programming languages), relational tables, ordered lists, and <span class="delete">more (the</span><span class="insert">more. The</span> specification of such specialized structures in terms of key-value pairs is out of the scope of this <span class="delete">document).</span><span class="insert">document.</span></p>
+
+<p>A given collection forms a given structure for its members. A different structure (obtained either by insertion or removal of members) constitutes a different collection. Hence,
+ for the purpose of provenance, a collection entity is viewed as a snapshot of a structure. Insertion and removal operations result in new snapshots, each snapshot forming an identifiable collection entity.</p>
+
+
+<p>PROV-DM defines the following types related to collections:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li> <span class="name">prov:Collection</span> denotes an entity of type collection, i.e. an entity that can participate in relations amongst collections;
+
+ </li><li><span class="name">prov:EmptyCollection</span> denotes an empty collection.
+</li></ul>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(c0, <span class="delete">[prov:type="EmptyCollection"</span><span class="insert">[prov:type="prov:EmptyCollection"</span> %% xsd:QName]) // c0 is an empty collection
+entity(c1, <span class="delete">[prov:type="Collection"</span><span class="insert">[prov:type="prov:Collection"</span> %% xsd:QName]) // c1 is a collection, with unknown content
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="term-collection-insertion" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">4.5.2 </span>Insertion</h4>
+
+<span class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"> <dfn id="concept-insertion">Insertion</dfn> is a derivation that transforms a collection into another, by insertion of one or more key-entity pairs. </span>
+
+
+
+
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-derivedByInsertionFrom">
+<p><span class="delete">A</span><span class="insert">An</span> <dfn title="derivedByInsertionFrom" id="dfn-derivedbyinsertionfrom"><span class="delete">Derivation-by-Insertion</span><span class="insert">Insertion</span></dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">derivedByInsertionFrom(id, c2, c1, {(key_1, e_1), ..., (key_n, e_n)}, attrs)</span>,</span> <span class="delete">contains:</span><span class="insert">has:</span></p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivedByInsertionFrom.id">id</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier identifying the relation;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivedByInsertionFrom.after">after</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">c2</span>) for the collection <em>after</em> insertion; </li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivedByInsertionFrom.before">before</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">c1</span>) for the collection <em>before</em> insertion;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivedByInsertionFrom.key-entity-set">key-entity-set</span>: the inserted key-entity pairs <span class="name">(key_1, e_1)</span>, ..., <span class="name">(key_n, e_n)</span> in which each <span class="name">key_i</span> is a <a href="#dfn-value" class="internalDFN">value</a>, and <span class="name">e_i</span> is an identifier for the entity that has been inserted with the key;
+ each <span class="name">key_i</span> is expected to be unique for the key-entity-set;
+</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivedByInsertionFrom.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs <span class="delete">to further describe the properties of the</span><span class="insert">representing additional information about this</span> relation.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="delete">A Derivation-by-Insertion</span><span class="insert">An Insertion</span> relation <span class="name">derivedByInsertionFrom(id, c2, c1, {(key_1, e_1), ..., (key_n, e_n)})</span> states that <span class="name">c2</span> is the state of the collection
+following the insertion of pairs <span class="name">(key_1, e_1)</span>, ..., <span class="name">(key_n, e_n)</span> into collection <span class="name">c1</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(c0, <span class="delete">[prov:type="EmptyCollection"</span><span class="insert">[prov:type="prov:EmptyCollection"</span> %% xsd:QName]) // c0 is an empty collection
+entity(e1)
+entity(e2)
+entity(e3)
+entity(c1, <span class="delete">[prov:type="Collection"</span><span class="insert">[prov:type="prov:Collection"</span> %% xsd:QName])
+entity(c2, <span class="delete">[prov:type="Collection"</span><span class="insert">[prov:type="prov:Collection"</span> %% xsd:QName])
+
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c0, {("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)})
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c2, c1, {("k3", e3)})
+</pre>
+From this set of descriptions, we conclude:
+<ul>
+<li> <span class="name">c0<span class="delete"> = </span></span><span class="insert"> is the set </span><span class="name">{ }
+ </span>
+</li><li> <span class="name">c1<span class="delete"> = </span></span><span class="insert"> is the set </span><span class="name">{ ("k1", e1), ("k2", e2) }
+ </span>
+</li><li> <span class="name">c2<span class="delete"> = </span></span><span class="insert"> is the set </span><span class="name">{ ("k1", e1), ("k2", e2), ("k3", e3) }
+ </span>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+
+<p>Insertion provides an "update semantics" for the keys that are already present in <span class="delete">the</span><span class="insert">a</span> collection,<span class="delete"> as</span><span class="insert">
+since a new pair replaces an existing pair with the same key in the new collection. This is</span> illustrated by the following example. </p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(c0, <span class="delete">[prov:type="EmptyCollection"</span><span class="insert">[prov:type="prov:EmptyCollection"</span> %% xsd:QName]) // c0 is an empty collection
+entity(e1)
+entity(e2)
+entity(e3)
+entity(c1, <span class="delete">[prov:type="Collection"</span><span class="insert">[prov:type="prov:Collection"</span> %% xsd:QName])
+entity(c2, <span class="delete">[prov:type="Collection"</span><span class="insert">[prov:type="prov:Collection"</span> %% xsd:QName])
+
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c0, {("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)})
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c2, c1, {("k1", e3)})
+</pre>
+ This is a case of <em>update</em> of <span class="name">e1</span> to <span class="name">e3</span> for the same key, <span class="name">"k1"</span>. <br>
+ From this set of descriptions, we conclude:
+
+<ul>
+<li> <span class="name">c0<span class="delete"> = </span></span><span class="insert"> is the set </span><span class="name">{ }
+ </span>
+</li><li> <span class="name">c1<span class="delete"> = </span></span><span class="insert"> is the set </span><span class="name">{ ("k1", e1), ("k2", e2) }
+ </span>
+</li><li> <span class="name">c2<span class="delete"> = </span></span><span class="insert"> is the set </span><span class="name">{ ("k1", e3), ("k2", e2) }
+ </span>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="term-collection-removal" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">4.5.3 </span>Removal</h4>
+
+<span class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"> <dfn id="concept-removal">Removal</dfn> is a derivation that transforms a collection into another, by removing one or more key-entity pairs. </span>
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+</p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-derivedByRemovalFrom">
+<p> A <dfn title="derivedByRemovalFrom" id="dfn-derivedbyremovalfrom"><span class="delete">Derivation-by-Removal</span><span class="insert">Removal</span></dfn> relation, written <span class="pnExpression">derivedByRemovalFrom(id, c2, c1, {key_1, ... key_n}, attrs)</span>, <span class="delete">contains:</span><span class="insert">has:</span></p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivedByRemovalFrom.id">id</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier identifying the relation;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivedByRemovalFrom.after">after</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">c2</span>) for the collection <em>after</em> the deletion; </li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivedByRemovalFrom.before">before</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">c1</span>) for the collection <em>before</em> the deletion;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivedByRemovalFrom.key-set">key-set</span>: a set of deleted keys <span class="name">key_1</span>, ..., <span class="name">key_n</span>, for which each <span class="name">key_i</span> is a <a href="#dfn-value" class="internalDFN">value</a>;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="derivedByRemovalFrom.attributes">attributes</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs <span class="delete">to further describe the properties of the</span><span class="insert">representing additional information about this</span> relation.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="delete">Derivation-by-Removal</span><span class="insert">A Removal</span> relation <span class="name">derivedByRemovalFrom(id, c2,c1, {key_1, ..., key_n})</span> states that <span class="name">c2</span> is the state of the collection following the removal of the set of pairs corresponding to keys <span class="name">key_1...key_n</span> from <span class="name">c1</span>.
+
+</p><div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample">entity(c0, <span class="delete">[prov:type="EmptyCollection"])</span><span class="insert">[prov:type="prov:EmptyCollection"])</span> // c0 is an empty collection
+entity(e1)
+entity(e2)
+entity(e3)
+entity(c1, <span class="delete">[prov:type="Collection"])</span><span class="insert">[prov:type="prov:Collection"])</span>
+entity(c2, <span class="delete">[prov:type="Collection"])</span><span class="insert">[prov:type="prov:Collection"])</span>
+
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c0, {("k1", e1), ("k2",e2)})
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c2, c1, {("k3", e3)})
+derivedByRemovalFrom(c3, c2, {"k1", "k3"})
+</pre>
+From this set of descriptions, we conclude:
+
+<ul>
+<li><span class="name">c0<span class="delete"> = </span></span><span class="insert"> is the set </span><span class="name">{ }
+ </span>
+</li><li><span class="name">c1<span class="delete"> = </span></span><span class="insert"> is the set </span><span class="name">{ ("k1", e1), ("k2", e2) }
+ </span>
+</li><li><span class="name">c2<span class="delete"> = </span></span><span class="insert"> is the set </span><span class="name">{ ("k1", e1), ("k2", e2), ("k3", e3) }
+ </span>
+</li><li><span class="name">c3<span class="delete"> = </span></span><span class="insert"> is the set </span><span class="name">{ ("k2", e2) }
+ </span>
+</li></ul>
+
+
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="term-collection-membership" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">4.5.4 </span>Membership</h4>
+
+
+<span class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"> <dfn id="concept-membership">Membership</dfn> is the belonging of a key-entity pair to collection. </span>
+
+<p>
+The insertion and removal relations make insertions and removals explicit as part of the history of a collection. This, however, requires explicit mention of the state of the collection prior to each operation. The membership relation removes this needs, allowing the state of a collection <span class="name">c</span> to be expressed without having to introduce a prior state.</p>
+
+<p>
+</p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-memberOf">
+ A <dfn title="memberOf" id="dfn-memberof">membership</dfn> relation, written <span class="pnExpression">memberOf(id, c, {(key_1, e_1), ..., (key_n, e_n)}, attrs)</span>, <span class="delete">contains:</span><span class="insert">has:</span>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="memberOf.id">id</span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> identifier identifying the relation;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="memberOf.after">after</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">c</span>) for the collection whose members are asserted; </li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="memberOf.key-entity-set">key-entity-set</span>: a set of key-entity pairs <span class="name">(key_1, e_1)</span>, ..., <span class="name">(key_n, e_n)</span> that are members of the collection;</li>
+<li><span class="delete">attributes</span><span class="attribute" id="memberOf.complete"><span class="insert">complete</span></span>: an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> <span class="insert">boolean
+</span><a title="value" href="#dfn-value" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Value</span></a><span class="insert">; if true, it indicates that no other member belongs to the collection;
+</span></li><li><span class="attribute" id="memberOf.attributes"><span class="insert">attributes</span></span><span class="insert">: an </span><em class="rfc2119" title="optional"><span class="insert">optional</span></em> set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs <span class="delete">to further describe the properties of the</span><span class="insert">representing additional information about this</span> relation.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<p>The description <span class="name">memberOf(c, {(key_1, e_1), ..., (key_n, e_n)})</span> states that <span class="name">c</span> is known to include <span class="name">(key_1, e_1)</span>, ..., <span class="name">(key_n, e_n)}</span>, without having to introduce a previous state. </p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">entity(c,</span><span class="insert">entity(c1,</span> [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName]) // <span class="delete">c</span><span class="insert">c1</span> is a collection, with unknown content
+<span class="delete">activity(a)
+wasGeneratedBy(c,a) // a produced c
+
+entity(e1)
+entity(e2)
+memberOf(c, {("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)} )
+
+entity(e3)
+entity(c1,</span><span class="insert">entity(c2,</span> [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])<span class="insert"> // c2 is a collection, with unknown content</span>
+
+<span class="delete">derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c,</span><span class="insert">entity(e1)
+entity(e2)
+
+memberOf(c1, {("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)} )
+memberOf(c2, {("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)}, true)
+
+entity(e3)
+entity(c3, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
+
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c3, c1,</span> {("k3", e3)})
+</pre>
+
+From <span class="delete">this set of assertions,</span><span class="insert">these descriptions,</span> we conclude:
+ <span class="delete"> c contains ("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)
+ c1 contains ("k1", e1), ("k2", e2), ("k3", v3)
+ </span><span class="delete">
+ Note that the state of</span>
+<ul>
+<li> <span class="name">c1</span><span class="delete"> with these relations is</span><span class="insert"> has the following pairs as members: </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)</span></span><span class="insert">, and may contain others.
+</span></li><li> <span class="name"><span class="insert">c2</span></span><span class="insert"> exactly has the following pairs as members: </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)</span></span><span class="insert">, and does not contain any other.
+</span></li><li> <span class="name"><span class="insert">c3</span></span><span class="insert"> has the following pairs as members: </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">("k1", e1), ("k2", e2), ("k3", v3)</span></span><span class="insert">, and may contain others.
+</span></li></ul>
+<p><span class="insert"> Thus, the states of </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">c1</span></span><span class="insert"> and </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">c3</span></span><span class="insert"> are</span> only partially <span class="delete">known, because the state of </span><span class="delete">c</span><span class="delete"> is unknown.</span><span class="insert">known.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>Further considerations: </p>
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>The state of a collection (i.e., the set of key-entity pairs it contains) at a given point in a sequence of operations is never stated explicitly. Rather, it can be obtained by querying the chain of derivations involving insertions and removals. Entity type <span class="name">emptyCollection</span> can be used in this context as it marks the start of a sequence of collection operations.</li>
+
+
+<li>The representation of a collection through these relations makes no assumption regarding the underlying data structure used to store and manage collections. In particular, no assumptions are needed regarding the mutability of a data structure that is subject to updates. Entities, however, are immutable and this applies to those entities that represent collections. This is reflected in the constraints listed in <span class="delete">Part II.</span><span class="insert">[</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS"><span class="insert">PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS</span></a></cite><span class="insert">].</span> </li>
+</ul>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="component6" class="section">
+<h3><span class="secno">4.6 </span>Component 6: Annotations</h3>
+
+<p>The sixth component of PROV-DM is concerned with <a title="note" href="#concept-note" class="internalDFN">notes</a> and <a title="annotation" href="#concept-annotation" class="internalDFN">annotations</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>As provenance descriptions are exchanged between systems, it may be useful <span class="insert">for a third party </span>to add <span class="delete">extra-information</span><span class="insert">extra information</span> to what they are describing. For instance, a "trust service" may add value-judgements about the
+trustworthiness of some of the entities or agents <span class="delete">involved.</span><span class="insert">occurring in provenance records it is given access to.</span> Likewise, an interactive visualization component may want to enrich <span class="delete">a</span><span class="insert">an existing</span> set of provenance descriptions with information helping reproduce their
+visual representation. To help with interoperability, PROV-DM introduces a simple annotation mechanism allowing anything that is identifiable to be associated with notes.
+For this, a type and and a relation are introduced.</p>
+
+
+<p>The annotation mechanism (with note and annotation) forms a key aspect of the extensibility mechanism of PROV-DM (see <a href="#extensibility-section">extensibility section</a>).</p>
+ <div id="term-note" class="section">
+
+<h4><span class="secno">4.6.1 </span>Note</h4>
+
+<span class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"><span class="insert"> A </span><dfn id="concept-note"><span class="insert">note</span></dfn><span class="insert"> is an identified set of application-specific attribute-value pairs.</span></span>
+
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-note">A <dfn title="dfn-note" id="dfn-note">note</dfn><span class="withPn">, <span class="delete">noted</span><span class="insert">written</span> <span class="pnExpression">note(id, [attr1=val1, ...])</span> in PROV-N,</span> <span class="delete">contains:</span><span class="insert">has:</span>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="note.id">id</span>: an identifier for a note;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="note.attributes">attributes</span>: a set of attribute-value pairs ((<span class="name">attr1</span>, <span class="name">val1</span>), <span class="delete">...), whose meaning is application specific.</span><span class="insert">...) representing application-specific information.</span></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-note1">
+<p>
+The following note consists of a set of application-specific attribute-value pairs, intended
+to help the rendering of <span class="delete">what</span><span class="insert">the pre-existing entity</span> it is associated with, by
+specifying its color and its position on the screen.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete">note(ex2:n1,[ex2:color="blue", ex2:screenX=20, ex2:screenY=30])
+hasAnnotation(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex2:n1)</span><span class="insert">note(ex:n1,[ex:color="blue", ex:screenX=20, ex:screenY=30])
+hasAnnotation(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex:n1)</span>
+</pre>
+<p>The note is <span class="delete">associated with</span><span class="insert">linked to</span> the entity <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span><span class="delete">.
+Relation</span><span class="insert">, with
+relation</span> <a title="annotation" href="#concept-annotation" class="internalDFN">hasAnnotation</a><span class="delete"> is
+</span>
+discussed in<span class="delete"> the</span> <a href="#term-annotation"><span class="delete">next section</span><span class="insert">Section 4.6.2</span></a>.<span class="insert">
+The note's identifier and attributes are declared in the namespace denoted by prefix </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">ex</span></span><span class="insert"> to illustrate that the rendering</span> <span class="delete">The note's identifier and attributes are declared in a separate namespace denoted by prefix</span><span class="insert">application may differ from the application involving entity</span> <span class="name"><span class="delete">ex2</span><span class="insert">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span></span>.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-note2">
+<p><span class="delete">Alternatively,</span><span class="insert">In contrast,</span> a reputation service may enrich <span class="delete">a</span><span class="insert">an existing</span> provenance record with notes providing reputation ratings about agents. In the following fragment, both agents <span class="name"><span class="delete">ex:Simon</span><span class="insert">ex2:Simon</span></span> and <span class="name"><span class="delete">ex:Paolo</span><span class="insert">ex2:Paolo</span></span> are rated "excellent".</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">note(ex3:n2,[ex3:reputation="excellent"])
+<span class="delete">hasAnnotation(ex:Simon,ex3:n2)
+hasAnnotation(ex:Paolo,ex3:n2)</span><span class="insert">hasAnnotation(ex2:Simon,ex3:n2)
+hasAnnotation(ex2:Paolo,ex3:n2)</span>
+</pre>
+<p>The note's identifier and attributes are declared in a separate namespace denoted by prefix <span class="name">ex3</span>.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+ </div>
+
+<div id="term-annotation" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">4.6.2 </span>Annotation</h4>
+
+
+
+<span class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"> An <dfn id="concept-annotation">annotation</dfn> is a link between something that is identifiable and a note referred to by its identifier.</span>
+
+<p>Multiple notes can
+be associated with a given identified object; symmetrically, multiple objects can be associated with a given note. Since notes have identifiers, they can also be
+annotated. </p>
+
+<p></p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-annotation">An <dfn title="hasAnnotation" id="dfn-hasannotation">annotation relation</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">hasAnnotation(r,n)</span> in PROV-N,</span> <span class="delete">has the following constituents:</span><span class="insert">has:</span>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="annotation.id">something</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">r</span>) of something being annotated;</li>
+<li><span class="attribute" id="annotation.note">note</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">n</span>) of a note.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>
+The following expressions</p>
+<pre class="codexample">entity(e1,[prov:type="document"])
+entity(e2,[prov:type="document"])
+activity(a,t1,t2)
+used(u1,a,e1,[ex:file="stdin"])
+wasGeneratedBy(e2, a, [ex:file="stdout"])
+
+note(n1,[ex:icon="doc.png"])
+hasAnnotation(e1,n1)
+hasAnnotation(e2,n1)
+
+note(n2,[ex:style="dotted"])
+hasAnnotation(u1,n2)
+</pre>
+<p>describe two documents (attribute-value pair: <span class="name">prov:type="document"</span>) identified by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, and their annotation with a note indicating that the icon (an application specific way of rendering provenance) is <span class="name">doc.png</span>. The example also
+includes an activity, its usage of the first entity, and its generation of the second entity. The <a title="dfn-usage">usage</a> is annotated with a style (an application specific way
+of rendering this edge graphically). To be able to express this annotation, the usage was provided with an identifier <span class="name">u1</span>, which was then referred to in <span class="name">hasAnnotation(u1,n2)</span>.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<div id="second-class-elements" class="section">
+<h3><span class="secno">4.7 </span>Further Elements of PROV-DM</h3>
+
+This section introduces further elements of PROV-DM.
+
+<div id="term-NamespaceDeclaration" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">4.7.1 </span>Namespace Declaration</h4>
+
+<p>A PROV-DM <dfn id="dfn-namespace">namespace</dfn> is identified by an IRI [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-IRI">IRI</a></cite>]. In PROV-DM, attributes, identifiers, and values with <a title="qualified name" href="#concept-qualifiedName" class="internalDFN">qualified names</a> as data type can be placed in a namespace using the mechanisms described in this specification. </p>
+
+
+<p>A <dfn id="dfn-namespaceDeclaration">namespace declaration</dfn> consists of a binding between a prefix and a namespace. Every qualified name with this prefix in the scope of this
+declaration refers to this namespace.
+A <dfn id="dfn-defaultNamespaceDeclaration">default namespace declaration</dfn> consists of a namespace. Every un-prefixed qualified name in the scope of this default namespace declaration
+refers to this namespace.</p>
+
+<p>The <span class="delete">PROV-DM</span><dfn title="prov-namespace" id="dfn-prov-namespace"><span class="insert">PROV</span> namespace</dfn> is<span class="insert"> identified by the URI</span> <span class="name">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</span>.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-qualified-name" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">4.7.2 </span>Qualified Name</h4>
+
+
+<span class="glossary-ref" prov:hadoriginalsource="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html"> A <dfn id="concept-qualifiedName">qualified name</dfn> is a name subject to <a href="#dfn-namespace" class="internalDFN">namespace</a> interpretation. It consists of a <a href="#dfn-namespace" class="internalDFN">namespace</a>, denoted by an optional prefix, and a local name.<p></p> </span>
+
+<p>PROV-DM stipulates that a qualified name can be mapped into an IRI
+ by concatenating the IRI associated with the prefix and the local part.</p>
+
+<p>A qualified name's prefix is <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em>. If a prefix occurs in a
+ qualified name, it refers to a <a href="#dfn-namespace" class="internalDFN">namespace</a> declared in a namespace declaration. In the absence of prefix, the qualified name
+ refers to the <a title="default namespace declaration" href="#dfn-defaultNamespaceDeclaration" class="internalDFN">default namespace</a>.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div id="term-identifier" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">4.7.3 </span>Identifier</h4>
+
+<p>
+An <dfn id="dfn-identifier">identifier</dfn> is a <a href="#concept-qualifiedName" class="internalDFN">qualified
+ name</a>.
+</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-attribute" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">4.7.4 </span>Attribute</h4>
+
+<p>An <dfn title="dfn-attribute" id="dfn-attribute">attribute</dfn> is a <a href="#concept-qualifiedName" class="internalDFN">qualified name</a>.
+
+
+</p><p>The PROV data model introduces a pre-defined set of attributes in the <span class="delete">PROV-DM</span><a title="prov-namespace" href="#dfn-prov-namespace" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">PROV</span> namespace</a>, which we define below.
+The interpretation of any attribute declared in another namespace is out of scope.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div id="attributes-at-a-glance-div" style="text-align: left;">
+<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="attributes-at-a-glance"><span class="insert">Table 5: PROV-DM Attributes At a Glance</span></caption>
+<tbody><tr><td><b><span class="insert">Attribute</span></b></td><td><b><span class="insert">value</span></b></td><td><b><span class="insert">Section</span></b></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="insert">prov:label</span></td><td><span class="insert">xsd:string</span></td><td><span class="insert">Section </span><a href="#term-attribute-label"><span class="insert">4.7.4.1</span></a> </td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="insert">prov:location</span></td><td><a title="value" href="#dfn-value" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Value</span></a></td><td><span class="insert">Section </span><a href="#term-attribute-location"><span class="insert">4.7.4.2</span></a> </td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="insert">prov:role</span></td><td><a title="value" href="#dfn-value" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Value</span></a></td><td><span class="insert">Section </span><a href="#term-attribute-role"><span class="insert">4.7.4.3</span></a> </td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="insert">prov:type</span></td><td><a title="value" href="#dfn-value" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Value</span></a></td><td><span class="insert">Section </span><a href="#term-attribute-type"><span class="insert">4.7.4.4</span></a> </td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="insert">prov:value</span></td><td><a title="value" href="#dfn-value" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Value</span></a></td><td><span class="insert">Section </span><a href="#term-attribute-value"><span class="insert">4.7.4.5</span></a> </td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div id="term-attribute-label" class="section">
+<h5><span class="secno">4.7.4.1 </span>prov:label</h5>
+
+<p> The attribute <dfn title="dfn-label" id="dfn-dfn-label"><span class="name">prov:label</span></dfn> provides a human-readable representation of a PROV-DM element or relation. The value associated with the attribute <span class="name">prov:label</span> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be a string.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following entity is provided with a label attribute.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> entity(ex:e1, [prov:label="This is a label"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="term-attribute-location" class="section">
+<h5><span class="secno">4.7.4.2 </span>prov:location</h5>
+
+<p>A <dfn title="dfn-Location" id="dfn-dfn-location">location</dfn> can be an identifiable geographic place (ISO 19112), but it can also be a non-geographic place such as a directory, row, or column. As such, there are numerous ways in which location can be expressed, such as by a coordinate,
+address, landmark, and so forth. This document does not specify how to concretely express locations, but instead provide a mechanism to introduce locations, by means of a reserved attribute. </p>
+
+
+<p>
+The attribute <span class="name">prov:location</span> is an <em class="rfc2119" title="optional">optional</em> attribute of <span class="delete">entity</span><span class="insert">entity, activity, usage,</span> and <span class="delete">activity.</span><span class="insert">generation.</span> The value associated with the attribute <span class="name">prov:location</span> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be a PROV-DM <a title="value" href="#dfn-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a>, expected to denote a location.
+</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following expression describes entity Mona Lisa, a painting, with a location attribute. </p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> entity(ex:MonaLisa, [prov:location="Le Louvres, Paris", prov:type="StillImage"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="term-attribute-role" class="section">
+<h5><span class="secno">4.7.4.3 </span>prov:role</h5>
+
+<p>The attribute <dfn title="dfn-role" id="dfn-dfn-role"><span class="name">prov:role</span></dfn> denotes the function of an entity with respect to an activity, in the context of a usage, generation,
+ association, start, and end. The attribute <span class="name">prov:role</span> is allowed to occur multiple times in a list of attribute-value pairs. The value associated with a <span class="name">prov:role</span> attribute <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be a PROV-DM <a title="value" href="#dfn-value" class="internalDFN">Value</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following activity <span class="delete">start describes the role of the</span><span class="insert">is associated with an</span> agent <span class="delete">identified by </span><span class="delete">ag</span><span class="delete"> in this start relation with activity </span><span class="delete">a</span><span class="delete">.</span><span class="insert">acting as the operator.</span> </p>
+<pre class="codeexample"><span class="delete"> wasStartedBy(a,ag, [prov:role="program-operator"])</span><span class="insert"> wasAssociatedWith(a, ag, [prov:role="operator"])</span>
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-attribute-type" class="section">
+<h5><span class="secno">4.7.4.4 </span>prov:type</h5>
+
+<p>The attribute <dfn title="dfn-type" id="dfn-dfn-type"><span class="name">prov:type</span></dfn> provides further typing information for an element or relation. PROV-DM liberally
+defines a type as a category of things having common characteristics. PROV-DM is agnostic about the representation of types, and only states that
+the value associated with a <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be a PROV-DM <a title="value" href="#dfn-value" class="internalDFN">Value.</a> The attribute <span class="name">prov:type</span>
+is allowed to occur multiple times.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following describes an agent of type software agent.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample"> agent(ag, [prov:type="prov:SoftwareAgent" %% xsd:QName])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>The following types are pre-defined in PROV, and are valid values for the <span class="name">prov:type</span> attribute.</p>
+<ul>
+<li><span class="name">prov:Plan</span></li>
+
+
+<li><span class="name">prov:Account</span></li>
+
+
+<li><span class="name">prov:SoftwareAgent</span></li>
+
+
+<li><span class="name">prov:Organization</span></li>
+
+
+<li><span class="name">prov:Person</span></li>
+
+
+<li><span class="name"><span class="insert">prov:Collection</span></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="name"><span class="insert">prov:EmptyCollection</span></span></li>
+
+</ul>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="term-attribute-value" class="section">
+<h5><span class="secno"><span class="insert">4.7.4.5 </span></span><span class="insert">prov:value</span></h5>
+
+<p><span class="insert">The attribute </span><dfn title="dfn-value" id="dfn-dfn-value"><span class="name"><span class="insert">prov:value</span></span></dfn><span class="insert"> provides a </span><a title="value" href="#dfn-value" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Value</span></a><span class="insert"> associated with an entity.</span></p>
+
+
+<p><span class="insert">The attribute </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">prov:value</span></span><span class="insert"> is an </span><em class="rfc2119" title="optional"><span class="insert">optional</span></em><span class="insert"> attribute of entity. The value associated with the attribute </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">prov:value</span></span> <em class="rfc2119" title="must"><span class="insert">must</span></em><span class="insert"> be a PROV-DM </span><a title="value" href="#dfn-value" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">Value</span></a><span class="insert">. The attribute </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">prov:value</span></span> <em class="rfc2119" title="may"><span class="insert">may</span></em><span class="insert"> occur at most once in a set of attribute-value pairs.</span></p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p><span class="insert">The following example illustrates the provenance of the number </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">4</span></span><span class="insert"> obtained by an activity that computed the length of an input string </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">"abcd"</span></span><span class="insert">.
+The input and the output are expressed as entities </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">ex:in</span></span><span class="insert"> and </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">ex:out</span></span><span class="insert">, respectively. They each have a </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">prov:value</span></span><span class="insert"> attribute associated with the corresponding value.
+</span></p>
+<pre class="codeexample"><span class="insert">entity(ex:in, [prov:value="abcd"])
+entity(ex:out, [prov:value=4])
+activity(ex:len, [prov:type="string-length"])
+used(ex:len,ex:in)
+wasGeneratedBy(ex:out,ex:len)
+wasDerivedFrom(ex:out,ex:in)
+</span></pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="note"><span class="insert">Should we also have prov:encoding?</span></div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="term-value" class="section">
+<h4><span class="secno">4.7.5 </span>Value</h4>
+
+<p>
+By means of attribute-value pairs, the PROV data model can refer to <dfn title="value" id="dfn-value">values</dfn> such as strings, numbers, time, qualified names, and IRIs.
+The interpretation of such values is outside the scope of PROV-DM.</p>
+<p>Each kind of such values is called a <em>datatype</em>. The datatypes are taken from
+the set of XML Schema Datatypes, version 1.1 [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA-2">XMLSCHEMA-2</a></cite>] and the RDF specification [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">RDF-CONCEPTS</a></cite>]. The normative definitions of these datatypes are provided by the respective specifications.
+Each datatype is identified by its XML <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#QName">xsd:QName</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+</p>
+
+<p>We note that PROV-DM <dfn title="dfn-time" id="dfn-dfn-time">time instants</dfn> are defined according to xsd:dateTime [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA-2">XMLSCHEMA-2</a></cite>].</p>
+
+
+
+<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="prov-dm-data-types"><span class="insert">Table 6: </span>PROV-DM Data Types</caption>
+<tbody><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#decimal">xsd:decimal</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#double">xsd:double</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#dateTime">xsd:dateTime</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#integer">xsd:integer</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#float">xsd:float</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#nonNegativeInteger">xsd:nonNegativeInteger</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#string">xsd:string</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#section-XMLLiteral">rdf:XMLLiteral</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#nonPositiveInteger">xsd:nonPositiveInteger</a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#normalizedString">xsd:normalizedString</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#positiveInteger">xsd:positiveInteger</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#token">xsd:token</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#negativeInteger">xsd:negativeInteger</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#language">xsd:language</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#long">xsd:long</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#Name">xsd:Name</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#int">xsd:int</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#NCName">xsd:NCName</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#short">xsd:short</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#NMTOKEN">xsd:NMTOKEN</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#byte">xsd:byte</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#boolean">xsd:boolean</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedLong">xsd:unsignedLong</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#hexBinary">xsd:hexBinary</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedInt">xsd:unsignedInt</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#base64Binary">xsd:base64Binary</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedShort">xsd:unsignedShort</a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#anyURI">xsd:anyURI</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedByte">xsd:unsignedByte</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#QName">xsd:QName</a></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-value">
+<p>
+The following examples respectively are<span class="delete"> the string "abc",</span> the string "abc", the integer number 1, and the IRI "http://example.org/foo".
+</p><pre class="codeexample"> "abc"
+ 1
+ "http://example.org/foo" %% xsd:anyURI
+</pre>
+<p>The following example shows a value of type <span class="name">xsd:QName</span> (see
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-2-20041028/#QName">QName</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA-2">XMLSCHEMA-2</a></cite>]).
+The prefix <span class="name">ex</span> <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> be bound to a <a href="#dfn-namespace" class="internalDFN">namespace</a> declared in a <a href="#dfn-namespaceDeclaration" class="internalDFN">namespace declaration</a>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ "ex:value" %% xsd:QName
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-time">
+<p>
+In the following example, the generation time of entity <span class="name">e1</span> is expressed according to
+<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#dateTime">xsd:dateTime</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA-2">XMLSCHEMA-2</a></cite>].</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+ wasGeneratedBy(e1,a1, 2001-10-26T21:32:52)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="note">
+We need to check that we are including all xsd types that are <span class="delete">accept in the lastest version of RDF.</span><span class="insert">the latest versions of XML Schema/RDF.</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+ <div id="extensibility-section" class="section">
+<h2><span class="secno">5. </span>PROV-DM Extensibility Points</h2>
+
+
+<p>The PROV data model provides <span class="delete">several </span>extensibility points that allow designers to specialize it to specific applications or domains. We summarize these extensibility points here:
+
+</p><ul>
+<li> <span class="delete">Attributes</span><span class="insert">Attribute-value lists</span> occur in all <span class="delete">elements</span><span class="insert">types</span> and relations of the data model. Applications <span class="insert">designers </span>are free to introduce
+<span class="insert"> further </span>application-specific <span class="delete">attributes, according to their perspective on the world. </span><span class="insert">attributes. </span>Attributes for a given application can be distinguished by qualifying them with a prefix denoting a namespace
+declared in a namespace declaration.
+
+<p>The <span class="delete">PROV-DM</span><a title="prov-namespace" href="#dfn-prov-namespace" class="internalDFN"><span class="insert">PROV</span> namespace</a> declares a set of reserved attributes catering for extensibility: <a href="#term-attribute-type"><span class="name"><span class="delete">type</span><span class="insert">prov:type</span></span></a>, <a href="#term-attribute-role"><span class="name"><span class="delete">role</span><span class="insert">prov:role</span></span></a>, <a href="#term-attribute-location"><span class="name"><span class="delete">location</span><span class="insert">prov:location</span></span></a>.</p></li>
+
+<li><span class="insert">Sub-types and sub-relations can be expressed by means of the reserved attribute
+</span><a href="#term-attribute-type"><span class="name"><span class="insert">prov:type</span></span></a><span class="insert">.
+
+</span><div class="anexample" id="anexample-sub-relation">
+<p><span class="insert">
+In the following example, </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">e2</span></span><span class="insert"> is a translation of </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">e1</span></span><span class="insert">,
+expressed as a sub-type of derivation.
+</span></p><pre class="codeexample"><span class="insert">
+ wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1, [prov:type="ex:Translation" %% xsd:QName])
+</span></pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-sub-type">
+<p><span class="insert">
+In the following example, </span><span class="name"><span class="insert">e</span></span><span class="insert"> is described as a Car, a type of entity.
+</span></p><pre class="codeexample"><span class="insert">
+ entity(e, [prov:type="ex:Car" %% xsd:QName])
+</span></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</li>
+
+
+
+
+
+<li><span class="insert">New namespaces and associated prefixes can be declared, allowing attributes and names to be qualified. </span></li>
+
+<li>Notes allow arbitrary metadata to be associated with anything identifiable in PROV-DM. Notes consist of attribute-value pairs. Attributes are qualified by a
+namespace.</li>
+
+
+<span class="delete">Namespaces allow attributes and names to be qualified. </span>
+
+<span class="delete">Sub-typing of elements and relations is allowed by means of the reserved attribute </span><span class="delete">type</span><span class="delete">.</span>
+
+<span class="delete">Domain specific values can be expressed by means of typed literals. </span>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The PROV data model is designed to be application and technology independent, but specializations of PROV-DM are welcome and encouraged. To ensure interoperability, specializations of
+the PROV data model that exploit the extensibility points summarized in this section <em class="rfc2119" title="must">must</em> preserve the semantics specified in <span class="delete">the PROV-DM documents (part 1 to 3).</span><span class="insert">this document and in [</span><cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS"><span class="insert">PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS</span></a></cite><span class="insert">].</span> </p>
+
+
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+<div id="valid-provenance" class="section">
+<h2><span class="secno">6. </span><span class="delete">Towards a Refinement of the PROV Data Model</span><span class="insert">Creating Valid Provenance</span></h2>
+
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>This specification defines PROV-DM, a data model that allows
+descriptions of the people, institutions, entities, and activities,
+involved in producing, influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a
+thing to be expressed. However, with this data model, it is also possible to compose
+descriptions that would not make sense: for instance, one could
+express that an entity was used before it was generated, or that the
+activity that generated an entity began its existence after the entity
+generation. A set of <span class="delete">consistency </span>constraints have been defined for PROV-DM and
+can be found in a companion specification [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>].
+They <span class="delete">can</span><em class="rfc2119" title="should"><span class="insert">should</span></em> be used by <span class="delete">asserters as a guideline for composing</span><span class="insert">developers to compose</span> provenance descriptions that are <span class="delete">consistent,</span><span class="insert">valid,</span> and
+by implementers of reasoning <span class="delete">engines.</span><span class="insert">engines aiming to check whether provenance descriptions have problems.</span> </li>
+
+
+
+<li>
+<p> The example of <a href="#prov-dm-example">section 3</a> contains identifiers such as <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span>, which denotes a specific version of a technical report. On the other hand, a URI such as <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a> <span class="delete">points</span><span class="insert">denotes the latest version of a document. One needs</span> to <span class="delete">the latest version of a document. One needs to </span>ensure that provenance descriptions for the latter <span class="delete">document</span><span class="insert">resource</span> remain valid as <span class="delete">denoted resources change.</span><span class="insert">the resource state changes.</span> </p>
+
+<p>To this end, PROV-DM allows asserters to describe "<em>partial states</em>" of entities by means of attributes and associated values. Some further constraints apply to the use of these attributes, since the values associated with them are expected to remain unchanged for some period of time. The constraints associated to attributes allow provenance descriptions to be refined, they can also be found in the companion specification [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>].</p>
+
+
+</li>
+
+
+<li>
+<p>The <span class="delete">existence of some mechanism(s) </span><span class="insert">idea of bundling provenance descriptions is crucial to the PROV approach. Indeed, it allows multiple provenance perspectives to be provided for a given entity. It is also the mechanism </span>by which <span class="delete">a set of </span>provenance <span class="delete">descriptions</span><span class="insert">of provenance</span> can be <span class="delete">bundled up and</span><span class="insert">expressed. Such a</span> named <span class="insert">bundle </span>is<span class="delete"> assumed. No such mechanism is considered as mature for standardization, and therefore such mechanisms remain outside the scope of PROV-DM. Various ways of achieving this functionality exist, for instance, by:
+</span>
+<span class="delete"> bundling up a set of descriptions in a file and exposing it as a Web resource;</span>
+<span class="delete"> relying on specific serializations to name bundles of descriptions;</span>
+<span class="delete"> using the idea of a service that is capable of associating provenance descriptions to whom they are attributed to.</span>
+
+<span class="delete">Even though a mechanism for blundling up provenance descriptions and naming them is not part of PROV-DM, the idea of a bundle of descriptions is crucial to the PROV approach. Indeed, it allows multiple provenance perspectives to be provided for a given entity. It is also the mechanism by which provenance of provenance can be expressed. Such a named bundle is being</span> referred to as an <dfn id="dfn-account">account</dfn> and is regarded as an <a title="concept-account">Account</a> so that its provenance can be expressed. The notion of account is specified in the companion specification [<cite><a class="bibref" rel="biblioentry" href="#bib-PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS">PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS</a></cite>], as well as <span class="delete">constraint</span><span class="insert">the constraints</span> that <dfn id="dfn-structurally-well-formed">structurally well-formed</dfn> descriptions <span class="delete">are expected to</span><em class="rfc2119" title="should"><span class="insert">should</span></em> satisfy.</p>
+</li>
+
+
+</ul>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="appendix section" id="acknowledgements">
+ <h2><span class="secno">A. </span>Acknowledgements</h2>
+ <p>
+ WG membership to be listed here.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+<div id="references" class="appendix section"><h2><span class="secno">B. </span>References</h2><div id="normative-references" class="section"><h3><span class="secno">B.1 </span>Normative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-IRI">[IRI]</dt><dd>M. Duerst, M. Suignard. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><cite>Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRI).</cite></a> January 2005. Internet RFC 3987. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-RDF-CONCEPTS">[RDF-CONCEPTS]</dt><dd>Graham Klyne; Jeremy J. Carroll. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210"><cite>Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax.</cite></a> 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210">http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC2119">[RFC2119]</dt><dd>S. Bradner. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><cite>Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.</cite></a> March 1997. Internet RFC 2119. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-URI"><span class="insert">[URI]</span></dt><dd><span class="insert">T. Berners-Lee; R. Fielding; L. Masinter. </span><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"><cite><span class="insert">Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): generic syntax.</span></cite></a><span class="insert"> January 2005. Internet RFC 3986. URL: </span><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"><span class="insert">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt</span></a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-XMLSCHEMA-2">[XMLSCHEMA-2]</dt><dd>Paul V. Biron; Ashok Malhotra. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-2-20041028/"><cite>XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition.</cite></a> 28 October 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-2-20041028/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-2-20041028/</a>
+</dd></dl></div><div id="informative-references" class="section"><h3><span class="secno">B.2 </span>Informative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-Logic">[Logic]</dt><dd>W. E. Johnson<a href="http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>.1924. URL: <a href="http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-AQ">[PROV-AQ]</dt><dd>Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. 2011, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS">[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]</dt><dd>Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/"><cite>PROV-DM Constraints</cite></a>. 2011, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-N">[PROV-N]</dt><dd>Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/"><cite>PROV-N ....</cite></a>. 2011, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-O">[PROV-O]</dt><dd>Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. 2011, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-PRIMER">[PROV-PRIMER]</dt><dd>Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. 2011, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-SEM">[PROV-SEM]</dt><dd>James Cheney <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. 2011, Work in progress. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>
+</dd></dl></div></div></body></html>
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/diff/Makefile Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+dm.diff:
+ htmldiff ../releases/ED-prov-dm-20120402/prov-dm.html prov-dm.html > ../diff.html
+
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/diff/README.md Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+htmldiff.py
+-----------
+
+Usage: `htmldiff version1.html version2.html > diff.html`
+
+htmldiff outputs HTML that shows the differences in text between
+two versions of an HTML document. Differences in markup are not
+shown.
+
+Original version is from [Ian Bicking][1].
+
+Using with Mercurial
+--------------------
+
+Put `htmldiff` on the path, and add the following to `~/.hgrc`:
+
+ [extensions]
+ hgext.extdiff =
+
+ [extdiff]
+ cmd.htmldiff = htmldiff
+
+Then you can do: `hg htmldiff index.html > diff.html`
+
+ [1]: https://github.com/ianb
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/diff/htmldiff Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+"""
+htmldiff.py
+Original is (C) Ian Bicking <ianb@colorstudy.com>
+With changes from Richard Cyganiak <richard@cyganiak.de>
+
+Finds the differences between two HTML files. *Not* line-by-line
+comparison (more word-by-word).
+
+Command-line usage:
+ ./htmldiff.py test1.html test2.html
+
+Better results if you use mxTidy first. The output is HTML.
+"""
+
+from difflib import SequenceMatcher
+import re
+try:
+ from cStringIO import StringIO
+except ImportError:
+ from StringIO import StringIO
+import cgi
+
+def htmlEncode(s, esc=cgi.escape):
+ return esc(s, 1)
+
+commentRE = re.compile('<!--.*?-->', re.S)
+tagRE = re.compile('<script.*?>.*?</script>|<.*?>', re.S)
+headRE = re.compile('<\s*head\s*>', re.S | re.I)
+
+class HTMLMatcher(SequenceMatcher):
+
+ def __init__(self, source1, source2):
+ SequenceMatcher.__init__(self, None, source1, source2)
+
+ def set_seq1(self, a):
+ SequenceMatcher.set_seq1(self, self.splitHTML(a))
+
+ def set_seq2(self, b):
+ SequenceMatcher.set_seq2(self, self.splitHTML(b))
+
+ def splitTags(self, t):
+ result = []
+ pos = 0
+ while 1:
+ match = tagRE.search(t, pos=pos)
+ if not match:
+ result.append(t[pos:])
+ break
+ result.append(t[pos:match.start()])
+ result.append(match.group(0))
+ pos = match.end()
+ return result
+
+ def splitWords(self, t):
+ return re.findall(r'([^ \n\r\t]+|[ \n\r\t]+)', t)
+
+ def splitHTML(self, t):
+ t = commentRE.sub('', t)
+ r = self.splitTags(t)
+ result = []
+ for item in r:
+ if item.startswith('<'):
+ result.append(item)
+ else:
+ result.extend(self.splitWords(item))
+ return result
+
+ def htmlDiff(self, addStylesheet=False):
+ opcodes = self.get_opcodes()
+ a = self.a
+ b = self.b
+ out = StringIO()
+ #print [o[0] for o in opcodes]
+ for tag, i1, i2, j1, j2 in opcodes:
+ if tag == 'equal':
+ for item in a[i1:i2]:
+ out.write(item)
+ if tag == 'delete' or tag == 'replace':
+ self.textDelete(a[i1:i2], out)
+ if tag == 'insert' or tag == 'replace':
+ self.textInsert(b[j1:j2], out)
+ html = out.getvalue()
+ out.close()
+ if addStylesheet:
+ html = self.addStylesheet(html, self.stylesheet())
+ return html
+
+ def textDelete(self, lst, out):
+ text = ''
+ for item in lst:
+ if item.startswith('<'):
+ self.outDelete(text, out)
+ text = ''
+ out.write(self.formatDeleteTag(item))
+ else:
+ text += item
+ self.outDelete(text, out)
+
+ def textInsert(self, lst, out):
+ text = ''
+ for item in lst:
+ if item.startswith('<'):
+ self.outInsert(text, out)
+ text = ''
+ out.write(self.formatInsertTag(item))
+ out.write(item)
+ else:
+ text += item
+ self.outInsert(text, out)
+
+ def outDelete(self, s, out):
+ if s.strip() == '':
+ out.write(s)
+ else:
+ out.write(self.startDeleteText())
+ out.write(s)
+ out.write(self.endDeleteText())
+
+ def outInsert(self, s, out):
+ if s.strip() == '':
+ out.write(s)
+ else:
+ out.write(self.startInsertText())
+ out.write(s)
+ out.write(self.endInsertText())
+
+ def stylesheet(self):
+ return '''
+.insert { background-color: #aaffaa }
+.delete { background-color: #ff8888; text-decoration: line-through }
+.tagInsert { background-color: #007700; color: #ffffff }
+.tagDelete { background-color: #770000; color: #ffffff }
+'''
+
+ def addStylesheet(self, html, ss):
+ match = headRE.search(html)
+ if match:
+ pos = match.end()
+ else:
+ pos = 0
+ return ('%s<style type="text/css"><!--\n%s\n--></style>%s'
+ % (html[:pos], ss, html[pos:]))
+
+ def startInsertText(self):
+ return '<span class="insert">'
+ def endInsertText(self):
+ return '</span>'
+ def startDeleteText(self):
+ return '<span class="delete">'
+ def endDeleteText(self):
+ return '</span>'
+ def formatInsertTag(self, tag):
+ return '<span class="tagInsert">insert: <tt>%s</tt></span>' % htmlEncode(tag)
+ def formatDeleteTag(self, tag):
+ return '<span class="tagDelete">delete: <tt>%s</tt></span>' % htmlEncode(tag)
+
+class NoTagHTMLMatcher(HTMLMatcher):
+ def formatInsertTag(self, tag):
+ return ''
+ def formatDeleteTag(self, tag):
+ return ''
+
+def htmldiff(source1, source2, addStylesheet=False):
+ """
+ Return the difference between two pieces of HTML
+
+ >>> htmldiff('test1', 'test2')
+ '<span class="delete">test1 </span> <span class="insert">test2 </span> '
+ >>> htmldiff('test1', 'test1')
+ 'test1 '
+ >>> htmldiff('<b>test1</b>', '<i>test1</i>')
+ '<span class="tagDelete">delete: <tt><b></tt></span> <span class="tagInsert">insert: <tt><i></tt></span> <i> test1 <span class="tagDelete">delete: <tt></b></tt></span> <span class="tagInsert">insert: <tt></i></tt></span> </i> '
+ """
+# h = HTMLMatcher(source1, source2)
+ h = NoTagHTMLMatcher(source1, source2)
+ return h.htmlDiff(addStylesheet)
+
+def diffFiles(f1, f2):
+ source1 = open(f1).read()
+ source2 = open(f2).read()
+ return htmldiff(source1, source2, True)
+
+class SimpleHTMLMatcher(HTMLMatcher):
+ """
+ Like HTMLMatcher, but returns a simpler diff
+ """
+ def startInsertText(self):
+ return '+['
+ def endInsertText(self):
+ return ']'
+ def startDeleteText(self):
+ return '-['
+ def endDeleteText(self):
+ return ']'
+ def formatInsertTag(self, tag):
+ return '+[%s]' % tag
+ def formatDeleteTag(self, tag):
+ return '-[%s]' % tag
+
+def simplehtmldiff(source1, source2):
+ """
+ Simpler form of htmldiff; mostly for testing, like:
+
+ >>> simplehtmldiff('test1', 'test2')
+ '-[test1 ]+[test2 ]'
+ >>> simplehtmldiff('<b>Hello world!</b>', '<i>Hello you!</i>')
+ '-[<b>]+[<i>]<i> Hello -[world! ]-[</b>]+[you! ]+[</i>]</i> '
+ """
+ h = SimpleHTMLMatcher(source1, source2)
+ return h.htmlDiff()
+
+class TextMatcher(HTMLMatcher):
+
+
+ def set_seq1(self, a):
+ SequenceMatcher.set_seq1(self, a.split('\n'))
+
+ def set_seq2(self, b):
+ SequenceMatcher.set_seq2(self, b.split('\n'))
+
+ def htmlDiff(self, addStylesheet=False):
+ opcodes = self.get_opcodes()
+ a = self.a
+ b = self.b
+ out = StringIO()
+ for tag, i1, i2, j1, j2 in opcodes:
+ if tag == 'equal':
+ self.writeLines(a[i1:i2], out)
+ if tag == 'delete' or tag == 'replace':
+ out.write(self.startDeleteText())
+ self.writeLines(a[i1:i2], out)
+ out.write(self.endDeleteText())
+ if tag == 'insert' or tag == 'replace':
+ out.write(self.startInsertText())
+ self.writeLines(b[j1:j2], out)
+ out.write(self.endInsertText())
+ html = out.getvalue()
+ out.close()
+ if addStylesheet:
+ html = self.addStylesheet(html, self.stylesheet())
+ return html
+
+ def writeLines(self, lines, out):
+ for line in lines:
+ line = htmlEncode(line)
+ line = line.replace(' ', ' ')
+ line = line.replace('\t', ' ')
+ if line.startswith(' '):
+ line = ' ' + line[1:]
+ out.write('<tt>%s</tt><br>\n' % line)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+ import sys
+ if not sys.argv[1:]:
+ print "Usage: %s file1 file2" % sys.argv[0]
+ print "or to test: %s test" % sys.argv[0]
+ elif sys.argv[1] == 'test' and not sys.argv[2:]:
+ import doctest
+ doctest.testmod()
+ else:
+ print diffFiles(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2])
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/extra-dm.css Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,426 @@
+
+/* --- EDITORIAL NOTES --- */
+.component1-color {
+ background-color: rgba(255,42,42,0.2);
+}
+
+.component2-color {
+ background-color: rgba(0,68,170,0.2);
+}
+
+.component3-color {
+ background-color: rgba(0,170,0,0.2);
+}
+.component4-color {
+ background-color: rgba(204,255,0,0.2);
+}
+
+.component5-color {
+ background-color: rgba(11,40,40,0.2);
+}
+
+.component6-color {
+ background-color: rgba(244,105,14,0.2);
+}
+
+.pending {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #BFEFFF;
+}
+
+.pending::before {
+ content: "Pending Review";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+.resolved {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #9BCD9B;
+}
+
+.resolved::before {
+ content: "Resolved";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+.inference {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+}
+
+.inference[id]::before {
+ content: "Inference: " attr(id);
+ width: 380px; /* How can we compute the length of "Constraint: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.inference::before {
+ content: "Inference";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+.syntax {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+}
+
+.syntax[id]::before {
+ content: "Syntax: " attr(id);
+ width: 380px; /* How can we compute the length of "Constraint: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.syntax::before {
+ content: "Syntax";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+.unamedconstraint {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #00f;
+ background: #fff;
+}
+
+
+.unamedconstraint::before {
+ content: "Constraint";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #00f;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+
+.constraint {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #00f;
+ background: #fff;
+}
+
+.constraint[id]::before {
+ content: "Constraint: " attr(id);
+ width: 380px; /* How can we compute the length of "Constraint: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.constraint::before {
+ content: "Constraint";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #00f;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+
+.interpretation {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #00f;
+ background: #fff;
+}
+
+.interpretation[id]::before {
+ content: "Interpretation: " attr(id);
+ width: 380px; /* How can we compute the length of "Interpretation: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.interpretation::before {
+ content: "Interpretation";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #00f;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+.definition {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #777;
+ background: #fff;
+}
+
+.definition[id]::before {
+ content: "Definition: " attr(id);
+ width: 380px;
+}
+
+
+.definition::before {
+ content: "Definition";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #000;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+.deprecatedconstraint {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #00f;
+ background: #fff;
+}
+
+.deprecatedconstraint[id]::before {
+ content: "Deprecated: " attr(id);
+ width: 380px; /* How can we compute the length of "Deprecatedconstraint: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.deprecatedconstraint::before {
+ content: "Deprecated";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #00f;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+.glossary-ref {
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+
+.dfn {
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+
+.attribute {
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+
+
+.conditional {
+ color: blue;
+}
+
+.grammar {
+ margin-top: 1ex;
+ margin-bottom: 1ex;
+ padding-left: 1ex;
+ padding-right: 1ex;
+ padding-top: 1ex;
+ padding-bottom: 0.6ex;
+ border: 1px dashed #2f6fab;
+ font-size: 80%;
+}
+.nonterminal {
+ font-weight: bold;
+ font-family: sans-serif;
+ font-size: 95%;
+}
+
+.name {
+ font-family: monospace;
+}
+
+
+.xmpl {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+}
+
+.xmpl::before {
+ content: "Example";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+.anexample:before {
+ content: "Example:";
+ font-family: sans-serif;
+ font-size: 1.6ex;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+.anexample {
+ margin-top: 1ex;
+ margin-bottom: 1ex;
+ padding-left: 1ex;
+ padding-right: 1ex;
+ padding-top: 1ex;
+ padding-bottom: 0.6ex;
+ border: 1px dashed #2f6fab;
+ background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+.anexample table {
+ background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+
+.conceptexample:before {
+ content: "Example:";
+ font-family: sans-serif;
+ font-size: 1.6ex;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+.conceptexample {
+ margin-top: 1ex;
+ margin-bottom: 1ex;
+ padding-left: 1ex;
+ padding-right: 1ex;
+ padding-top: 1ex;
+ padding-bottom: 0.6ex;
+ border: 1px dashed #2f6fab;
+ background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+
+.pnExpression {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size:120%;
+ font-family: monospace;
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="name"]:before {
+ content: "'";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="name"]:after {
+ content: "'";
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="optional"]:before {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size:130%;
+ font-family: monospace;
+ content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="optional"]:after {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size:130%;
+ font-family: monospace;
+ content: ")?";
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="plus"]:before {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size:130%;
+ font-family: monospace;
+ content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="plus"]:after {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size:130%;
+ font-family: monospace;
+ content: ")+";
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="star"]:before {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size:130%;
+ font-family: monospace;
+ content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="star"]:after {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size:130%;
+ font-family: monospace;
+ content: ")*";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="choice"]:before {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size:130%;
+ font-family: monospace;
+ content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="choice"]:after {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size:130%;
+ font-family: monospace;
+ content: ")";
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="group"]:before {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size:130%;
+ font-family: monospace;
+ content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="group"]:after {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size:130%;
+ font-family: monospace;
+ content: ")";
+}
+
+table {
+ background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+
+
+.interpretation-forward::before {
+ content: "Interpretation: ";
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.structural-forward::before {
+ content: "Structural constraint: ";
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
--- a/model/extra.css Fri Apr 20 01:10:42 2012 +0100
+++ b/model/extra.css Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -232,6 +232,7 @@
padding-top: 1ex;
padding-bottom: 0.6ex;
border: 1px dashed #2f6fab;
+ font-size: 80%;
}
.nonterminal {
font-weight: bold;
@@ -359,6 +360,19 @@
content: ")*";
}
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="choice"]:before {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size:130%;
+ font-family: monospace;
+ content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="choice"]:after {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size:130%;
+ font-family: monospace;
+ content: ")";
+
div[class="grammar"] span[class="group"]:before {
font-weight: normal;
font-size:130%;
--- a/model/glossary.html Fri Apr 20 01:10:42 2012 +0100
+++ b/model/glossary.html Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -145,8 +145,8 @@
</span>
</html>
-<span class="glossary" id="glossary-traceability">
-<dfn id="concept-traceability">Traceability</dfn> is the ability to link back an entity to another by means of derivation or responsibility relations, possibly repeatedly traversed.
+<span class="glossary" id="glossary-trace">
+<dfn id="concept-trace">Trace</dfn> is the ability to link back an entity to another by means of derivation or responsibility relations, possibly repeatedly traversed.
</span>
@@ -190,3 +190,9 @@
<span class="glossary" id="glossary-organization">
Agents of type <dfn id="concept-organization" title="organization">Organization</dfn> are social or legal institutions such as companies, societies, etc.
</span>
+
+
+<span class="glossary" id="glossary-invalidation">
+<dfn id="concept-invalidation">Invalidation</dfn>
+is the start of the destruction, cessation, or expiry of an existing entity by an activity.
+The entity is no longer available for use after invalidation. Any generation or usage of an entity precedes its invalidation</span>
--- a/model/glossary.js Fri Apr 20 01:10:42 2012 +0100
+++ b/model/glossary.js Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
// with <script src="glossary.js" class="remove"></script>
//Insert glossary definitions with the following
// <div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-generation"></div>
-glossary_hg='http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/31816209cab0/model/glossary.html';
+glossary_hg='http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/22e94d82afe8/model/glossary.html';
glossary_string=
' ' +
'<html> ' +
@@ -152,8 +152,8 @@
'</span> ' +
'</html> ' +
' ' +
-'<span class="glossary" id="glossary-traceability"> ' +
-'<dfn id="concept-traceability">Traceability</dfn> is the ability to link back an entity to another by means of derivation or responsibility relations, possibly repeatedly traversed. ' +
+'<span class="glossary" id="glossary-trace"> ' +
+'<dfn id="concept-trace">Trace</dfn> is the ability to link back an entity to another by means of derivation or responsibility relations, possibly repeatedly traversed. ' +
'</span> ' +
' ' +
' ' +
@@ -197,4 +197,10 @@
'<span class="glossary" id="glossary-organization"> ' +
'Agents of type <dfn id="concept-organization" title="organization">Organization</dfn> are social or legal institutions such as companies, societies, etc. ' +
'</span> ' +
+' ' +
+' ' +
+'<span class="glossary" id="glossary-invalidation"> ' +
+'<dfn id="concept-invalidation">Invalidation</dfn> ' +
+'is the start of the destruction, cessation, or expiry of an existing entity by an activity. ' +
+'The entity is no longer available for use after invalidation. Any generation or usage of an entity precedes its invalidation</span> ' +
' ' ;
Binary file model/images/Entities-Activities.png has changed
--- a/model/images/Entities-Activities.svg Fri Apr 20 01:10:42 2012 +0100
+++ b/model/images/Entities-Activities.svg Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -37,6 +37,13 @@
inkscape:vp_z="777 : 174 : 1"
inkscape:persp3d-origin="388.5 : 116 : 1"
id="perspective90" />
+ <inkscape:perspective
+ id="perspective2859"
+ inkscape:persp3d-origin="0.5 : 0.33333333 : 1"
+ inkscape:vp_z="1 : 0.5 : 1"
+ inkscape:vp_y="0 : 1000 : 0"
+ inkscape:vp_x="0 : 0.5 : 1"
+ sodipodi:type="inkscape:persp3d" />
</defs>
<sodipodi:namedview
pagecolor="#ffffff"
@@ -51,13 +58,67 @@
inkscape:window-height="978"
id="namedview84"
showgrid="false"
- inkscape:zoom="0.67816092"
- inkscape:cx="200.49153"
- inkscape:cy="171.05085"
+ inkscape:zoom="1.55524"
+ inkscape:cx="391.89819"
+ inkscape:cy="209"
inkscape:window-x="1280"
inkscape:window-y="0"
inkscape:window-maximized="1"
inkscape:current-layer="svg2" />
+ <polyline
+ points="558,71 558,15 630,15 630,103 560,103"
+ id="polyline60"
+ inkscape:export-filename="/home/lavm/papers/papers/prov-wg/hg/model/images/Entities-Activities.png"
+ inkscape:export-xdpi="79.550438"
+ inkscape:export-ydpi="79.550438"
+ transform="translate(-10,0)"
+ style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1" />
+ <text
+ font-size="13"
+ x="623"
+ y="28"
+ id="text66"
+ inkscape:export-filename="/home/lavm/papers/papers/prov-wg/hg/model/images/Entities-Activities.png"
+ inkscape:export-xdpi="79.550438"
+ inkscape:export-ydpi="79.550438"
+ style="font-size:13px;font-family:Lucida Grande">wasInformedBy</text>
+ <polyline
+ points="560,167 630,167 630,263 558,263 558,209"
+ id="polyline22"
+ inkscape:export-filename="/home/lavm/papers/papers/prov-wg/hg/model/images/Entities-Activities.png"
+ inkscape:export-xdpi="79.550438"
+ inkscape:export-ydpi="79.550438"
+ transform="translate(-10,0)"
+ style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1" />
+ <line
+ x1="555"
+ x2="548"
+ y1="221"
+ y2="209"
+ id="line24"
+ inkscape:export-filename="/home/lavm/papers/papers/prov-wg/hg/model/images/Entities-Activities.png"
+ inkscape:export-xdpi="79.550438"
+ inkscape:export-ydpi="79.550438"
+ style="fill:#000000;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1" />
+ <line
+ x1="541"
+ x2="548"
+ y1="221"
+ y2="209"
+ id="line26"
+ inkscape:export-filename="/home/lavm/papers/papers/prov-wg/hg/model/images/Entities-Activities.png"
+ inkscape:export-xdpi="79.550438"
+ inkscape:export-ydpi="79.550438"
+ style="fill:#000000;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1" />
+ <text
+ font-size="13"
+ x="622"
+ y="183"
+ id="text28"
+ inkscape:export-filename="/home/lavm/papers/papers/prov-wg/hg/model/images/Entities-Activities.png"
+ inkscape:export-xdpi="79.550438"
+ inkscape:export-ydpi="79.550438"
+ style="font-size:13px;font-family:Lucida Grande">wasStartedByActivity</text>
<rect
fill="#ffffff"
height="138"
@@ -153,61 +214,18 @@
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-wasStartedByActivity</text>
<rect
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height="144"
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width="96"
x="14"
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id="rect30"
inkscape:export-filename="/home/lavm/papers/papers/prov-wg/hg/model/images/Entities-Activities.png"
inkscape:export-xdpi="79.550438"
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+ inkscape:export-ydpi="79.550438"
+ stroke-width="1"
+ stroke="#ffffff"
+ fill="#ffffff" />
<rect
fill="none"
height="144"
@@ -282,29 +300,25 @@
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inkscape:export-ydpi="79.550438" />
<line
- fill="#000000"
- stroke="#000000"
- stroke-width="1"
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- x2="110"
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+ y2="85"
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<line
- fill="#000000"
- stroke="#000000"
- stroke-width="1"
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id="line48"
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inkscape:export-xdpi="79.550438"
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+ inkscape:export-ydpi="79.550438"
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<text
font-size="13"
x="262.13574"
@@ -356,15 +370,6 @@
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<line
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--- a/model/prov-dm.html Fri Apr 20 01:10:42 2012 +0100
+++ b/model/prov-dm.html Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -84,22 +84,15 @@
"URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
- "PROV-DM":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
+ "PROV-CONSTRAINTS":
+ "James Cheney, Paolo Missier, and Luc Moreau (eds.) "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/\"><cite>Constraints of the PROV Data Model</cite></a>. "+
"2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
-
-
- "PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\"><cite>PROV-DM Constraints</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a>",
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/</a>",
"PROV-N":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\"><cite>PROV-N ....</cite></a>. "+
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.)"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\"><cite>PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</cite></a>. "+
"2011, Working Draft. "+
"URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a>",
@@ -118,7 +111,7 @@
// if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
// formal title, define it here
- subtitle : "WD5, being updated following internal review",
+ subtitle : "WD5, being finalized for publication",
// if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
@@ -141,7 +134,7 @@
// if you want to have extra CSS, append them to this list
// it is recommended that the respec.css stylesheet be kept
- extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "./extra.css"],
+ extraCSS: ["http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/css/respec.css", "./extra-dm.css"],
// editors, add as many as you like
// only "name" is required
@@ -213,7 +206,7 @@
(1) entities and activities, and the time at which they were created, used, or ended;
(2) agents bearing responsibility for entities that were generated and activities that happened;
(3) derivations of entities from entities;
-(4) properties to link entities that refer to a same thing;
+(4) properties to link entities that refer to the same thing;
(5) collections forming a logical structure for its members;
(6) a simple annotation mechanism.
</p>
@@ -238,7 +231,7 @@
interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. The specifications are:
<ul>
<li> PROV-DM, the PROV data model for provenance (this document);</li>
-<li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS, a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model;</li>
+<li> PROV-CONSTRAINTS, a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model;</li>
<li> PROV-N, a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption;</li>
<li> PROV-O, the PROV ontology, an OWL-RL ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF;</li>
<li> PROV-AQ, the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance; </li>
@@ -249,16 +242,16 @@
<h4>How to read the PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
<ul>
<li>The primer is the entry point to PROV offering an introduction to the provenance model.</li>
-<li>The Linked Data and Semantic Web community should focus on PROV-O defining PROV classes and properties specified in an OWL-RL ontology. For further details, PROV-DM and PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS specify the constraints applicable to the data model, and its interpretation. PROV-SEM provides a mathematical semantics.</li>
-<li>The XML community should focus on PROV-XML defining an XML schema for PROV-DM. Further details can also be found in PROV-DM, PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS, and PROV-SEM.</li>
+<li>The Linked Data and Semantic Web community should focus on PROV-O defining PROV classes and properties specified in an OWL-RL ontology. For further details, PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS specify the constraints applicable to the data model, and its interpretation. PROV-SEM provides a mathematical semantics.</li>
+<li>The XML community should focus on PROV-XML defining an XML schema for PROV. Further details can also be found in PROV-DM, PROV-CONSTRAINTS, and PROV-SEM.</li>
<li>Developers seeking to retrieve or publish provenance should focus on PROV-AQ.</li>
<li>Readers seeking to implement other PROV serializations
-should focus on PROV-DM and PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS. PROV-O, PROV-N, PROV-XML offer examples of mapping to RDF, text, and XML, respectively.</li>
+should focus on PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS. PROV-O, PROV-N, PROV-XML offer examples of mapping to RDF, text, and XML, respectively.</li>
</ul>
<h4>Fourth Public Working Draft</h4>
-<p>This is the fourth public release of the PROV-DM document. Following feedback, the Working Group has decided to reorganize this document substantially, separating the data model from its contraints and the notation used to illustrate it. The PROV-DM release is synchronized with the release of the PROV-O, PROV-PRIMER, PROV-N, and PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS documents. We are now clarifying the entry path to the PROV family of specifications.</p>
+<p>This is the fourth public release of the PROV-DM document. Following feedback, the Working Group has decided to reorganize this document substantially, separating the data model from its contraints and the notation used to illustrate it. The PROV-DM release is synchronized with the release of the PROV-O, PROV-PRIMER, PROV-N, and PROV-CONSTRAINTS documents. We are now clarifying the entry path to the PROV family of specifications.</p>
</section>
@@ -309,7 +302,7 @@
<li>A data model for provenance, which is presented in three documents:
<ul>
<li> PROV-DM (part I): the provenance data model, informally described (this document);
-<li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS (part II): constraints underpinning the data model [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]];
+<li> PROV-CONSTRAINTS (part II): constraints underpinning the data model [[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]];
<li> PROV-N (part III): a notation to express instances of that data model for human consumption [[PROV-N]];
</ul>
</li>
@@ -340,7 +333,7 @@
With these, it becomes possible to write useful provenance descriptions, and publish or embed them along side the data they relate to. </p>
<p>However, if something about which provenance is expressed is subject to change, then it is challenging to express its provenance precisely (e.g. the data from which a daily weather report is derived changes from day to day).
- To address this challenge, a <em>refinement</em> is proposed to enrich simple provenance, with extra descriptions that help qualify the specific subject of provenance and provenance itself, with attributes and temporal information, intended to satisfy a comprehensive set of constraints. These aspects are covered in the companion specification [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]].
+ To address this challenge, a <em>refinement</em> is proposed to enrich simple provenance, with extra descriptions that help qualify the specific subject of provenance and provenance itself, with attributes and temporal information, intended to satisfy a comprehensive set of constraints. These aspects are covered in the companion specification [[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]].
</p>
@@ -356,7 +349,7 @@
<p><a href="#extensibility-section">Section 5</a> summarizes PROV-DM extensibility points.</p>
-<p><a href="#FurtherConsiderations">Section 6</a> introduces the idea that constraints can be applied to the PROV data model to refine provenance descriptions; these are covered in the companion specification [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]].</p>
+<p><a href="#valid-provenance">Section 6</a> introduces the idea that constraints can be applied to the PROV data model to refine provenance descriptions; these are covered in the companion specification [[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]].</p>
</section>
@@ -378,7 +371,7 @@
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<caption id="namespace-table">Table 1: Prefix and Namespaces used in this specification</caption>
-<tr><td><a><bf>prefix</bf></a></td><td><bf>namespace uri</bf></td> <td><bf>definition</bf></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a><b>prefix</b></a></td><td><b>namespace uri</b></td> <td><b>definition</b></td></tr>
<tr><td><a>prov</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</td><td>The PROV namespace (see Section <a href="#term-NamespaceDeclaration">4.7.1</a>)</td></tr>
<tr><td><a>xsd</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema#</td><td>XML Schema Namespace [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]]</td></tr>
<tr><td><a>rdf</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#</td><td>The RDF namespace [[!RDF-CONCEPTS]]</td></tr>
@@ -412,7 +405,7 @@
type="button" value="Show Concept Examples" />
</p>
</form>
-</div>
+
@@ -477,7 +470,7 @@
<div class="conceptexample" id="usage-example">
<p>Usage examples include a procedure beginning to consume an argument, a service starting to read a value on a port, a program beginning to read a configuration
file, or the point at which an ingredient, such as eggs, is being added in a baking activity. Usage may entirely consume an entity (e.g. eggs are no longer available after being added to
-the mix); alternatively, the same entity may be used multiple times, possibly by different activities (e.g. a file on a file system can be read indefinitely).
+the mix); in contrast, the same entity may be used multiple times, possibly by different activities (e.g. a file on a file system can be read indefinitely).
</div>
@@ -507,10 +500,11 @@
</p>
+<!--
<p>
The definition of agent intentionally stays away from using concepts such as enabling, causing, initiating, triggering, affecting, etc, because many entities also enable, cause, initiate, and affect in some way
the activities. (Concepts such as triggers are themselves defined later in relations between entities and activities.) So the notion of having some degree of responsibility is really what makes an agent.</p>
-
+-->
@@ -550,7 +544,7 @@
<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-attribution" data-withspan="true"></div>
-<div class="conceptexample" id="association-example">
+<div class="conceptexample" id="attribution-example">
<p>A blog post can be attributed to an author, a mobile phone to its manufacturer.</p>
</div>
@@ -567,7 +561,7 @@
<span class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-activityAssociation" data-withspan="true"></span>
</p>
-<div class="conceptexample" id="association-example2">
+<div class="conceptexample" id="association-example">
<p>Examples of association between an activity and an agent are:
<ul>
<li>creation of a web page under the guidance of a designer;</li>
@@ -591,7 +585,7 @@
-<div class="conceptexample" id="responsibilityChain-example">
+<div class="conceptexample" id="responsibility-example">
<p>A student publishing a web page describing an academic
department could result in both the student and the department being
agents associated with the activity, and it may not matter which
@@ -607,7 +601,7 @@
<p>There are two further types of entities, collections and accounts, which are now introduced. </p>
<p>
-<span class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-collection" data-withspan="true"></span> This concept allows for the provenance of the collection itself to be expressed in addition to that of the members. Such a notion of collection corresponds to a wide variety of concrete data structures, such as a <em>maps</em>, <em>dictionaries</em>, or <em>associative arrays</em>.</p>
+<span class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-collection" data-withspan="true"></span> This concept allows for the provenance of the collection itself to be expressed in addition to that of the members. Such a notion of collection corresponds to a wide variety of concrete data structures, such as a <em>maps</em>, <em>dictionaries</em>, or <em>associative arrays</em>, all of which involve a membership relationship between the constituents and the collection. </p>
<div class="conceptexample" id="collection-example">
<p>
@@ -688,12 +682,10 @@
<section id="prov-n">
<h2>PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</h2>
-<p>A key goal of PROV is the specification of a machine-processable data model for provenance so that applications can retrieve provenance and reason about it. As such, representations of PROV are available in RDF and XML.
-</p>
-
-<p>However, it is important to provide instances of provenance for human consumption, as in this document or elsewhere.
-To this end, PROV-N is a notation for writing instances of the PROV data model in a compact textual form, without the syntactic baggage and constraints coming with a markup language such as XML or a description framework such as RDF. We outline here some of its key design principles. For full details, the reader is referred to the companion specification [[PROV-N]].</p>
-
+
+<p>To illustrate the application of PROV concepts to a concrete example (see <a href="#prov-dm-example">Section 3</a>) and to provide examples of concepts (see <a href="#data-model-components">Section 4</a>),
+we introduce PROV-N, a notation for writing instances of the PROV data model. For full details, the reader is referred to the companion specification [[PROV-N]].
+PROV-N is a notation aimed at human consumption, with the following characteristics:</p>
<ul>
<li>PROV-N expressions adopt a <em>functional notation</em> consisting
of a name and a list of arguments in parentheses.</li>
@@ -951,6 +943,7 @@
Components and their dependencies are illustrated in <a href="#prov-dm-components">Figure 4</a>. A component that relies on concepts defined in another also sits above it in this figure.
PROV-DM consists of the following components.</p>
+<div id="prov-dm-components-ul">
<ul>
<li><b>Component 1: entities and activities.</b> The first component consists of entities, activities, and concepts linking them, such as generation, usage, start, end. The first component is the only one comprising time-related concepts. </li>
<li><b>Component 2: agents and responsibility.</b> The second component consists of agents and concepts ascribing responsibility to agents.</li>
@@ -959,6 +952,7 @@
<li><b>Component 5: collections.</b> The fifth component is about collections and concepts capturing their transformation, such as insertion and removal. </li>
<li><b>Component 6: annotations.</b> The sixth component is concerned with annotations to PROV-DM instances.</li>
</ul>
+</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
@@ -981,12 +975,13 @@
Note that for simplicity, this table does not include collection-oriented relations.
</p>
-<div style="text-align: center;">
+<div id="relations-at-a-glance-div" style="text-align: center;">
<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<caption id="relations-at-a-glance">Table 3: PROV-DM Relations At a Glance</caption>
<tr><td></td><td>Entity</td><td>Activity</td><td>Agent</td><td>Note</td></tr>
<tr><td>Entity</td><td><div class="component3-color"><a>wasDerivedFrom</a><br><a>wasRevisionOf</a><br><a>wasQuotedFrom</a><br><a>hadOriginalSource</a></div><div class="component4-color"><a>alternateOf</a><br><a>specializationOf</a></div></td><td class="component1-color"><a
-title="wasGeneratedBy">wasGeneratedBy</a></td><td class="component2-color"><a>wasAttributedTo</a></td><td class="component6-color"><a>hasAnnotation</a></td></tr>
+title="wasGeneratedBy">wasGeneratedBy</a><br><a
+title="wasInvalidatedBy">wasInvalidatedBy</a></td><td class="component2-color"><a>wasAttributedTo</a></td><td class="component6-color"><a>hasAnnotation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Activity</td><td><div class="component1-color"><a>used</a><br><a>wasStartedBy</a><br><a>wasEndedBy</a></div></td><td class="component1-color"><a>wasStartedByActivity</a><br><a>wasInformedBy</a></td><td class="component2-color"><a>wasAssociatedWith</a></td><td class="component6-color"><a>hasAnnotation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Agent</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td class="component2-color"><a>actedOnBehalfOf</a></td><td class="component6-color"><a>hasAnnotation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Note</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td class="component6-color"><a>hasAnnotation</a></td></tr>
@@ -996,7 +991,7 @@
<p><a href="#prov-dm-types-and-relations">Table 4</a> is a complete index of all the types and relations of PROV-DM, color-coded according to the component they belong to. In the first column, concept names link to their informal definition, whereas, in the second column, representations link to the information used to represent the concept.</p>
-<div style="text-align: left;">
+<div id="prov-dm-types-and-relations-fig" style="text-align: left;">
<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<caption id="prov-dm-types-and-relations">Table 4: PROV-DM Types and Relations</caption>
<tr><td><a><b>Type or Relation Name</b></a></td><td><b>Representation in the PROV-N notation</b></td></tr>
@@ -1006,6 +1001,7 @@
<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>Usage</a></td><td><a title="used">used(id,a,e,t,attrs)</a></td></tr>
<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>Start</a></td><td><a title="wasStartedBy">wasStartedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs)</a></td></tr>
<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>End</a></td><td><a title="wasEndedBy">wasEndedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>Invalidation</a></td><td><a title="wasInvalidatedBy">wasInvalidatedBy(id,e,a,t,attrs)</a></td></tr>
<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>Communication</a></td><td><a title="wasInformedBy">wasInformedBy(id,a2,a1,attrs)</a></td></tr>
<tr class="component1-color"><td><a>Start by Activity</a></td><td><a title="wasStartedByActivity">wasStartedByActivity(id, a2, a1, attrs)</a></td></tr>
<tr class="component2-color"><td><a>Agent</a></td><td><a title="dfn-agent">agent(id, [ attr1=val1, ...])</a></td></tr>
@@ -1016,7 +1012,7 @@
<tr class="component3-color"><td><a>Revision</a></td><td><a title="wasRevisionOf">wasRevisionOf(id,e2,e1,ag,attrs)</a></td></tr>
<tr class="component3-color"><td><a>Quotation</a></td><td><a title="wasQuotedFrom">wasQuotedFrom(id,e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</a></td></tr>
<tr class="component3-color"><td><a>Original Source</a></td><td><a title="hadOriginalSource">hadOriginalSource(id,e2,e1,attrs)</a></td></tr>
-<tr class="component3-color"><td><a>Traceability</a></td><td><a title="tracedTo">tracedTo(id,e2,e1,attrs)</a></td></tr>
+<tr class="component3-color"><td><a>Trace</a></td><td><a title="tracedTo">tracedTo(id,e2,e1,attrs)</a></td></tr>
<tr class="component4-color"><td><a>Alternate</a></td><td><a title="alternateOf">alternateOf(alt1, alt2)</a></td></tr>
<tr class="component4-color"><td><a>Specialization</a></td><td><a title="specializationOf">specializationOf(sub, super)</a></td></tr>
<tr class="component5-color"><td><a>Collection</a></td><td><a>Collection</a></td></tr>
@@ -1037,7 +1033,7 @@
<section id="component1">
<h3>Component 1: Entities and Activities</h3>
-<p>The first component of PROV-DM is concerned with <a title="entity">entities</a> and <a title="activity">activities</a>, and their interrelations: <a>Usage</a>, <a>Generation</a>, <a>Start</a>, <a>End</a>, <a>Communication</a>, and <a>Start by Activity</a>. Figure <a href="#figure-component1">figure-component1</a> uses UML to depict the first component, with two classes and binary associations between them. Associations are not just binary; indeed, <a>Usage</a>, <a>Generation</a>, <a>Start</a>, <a>End</a> also include <em>time</em> attributes.
+<p>The first component of PROV-DM is concerned with <a title="entity">entities</a> and <a title="activity">activities</a>, and their interrelations: <a>Usage</a>, <a>Generation</a>, <a>Start</a>, <a>End</a>, <a>Invalidation</a>, <a>Communication</a>, and <a>Start by Activity</a>. <a href="#figure-component1">Figure 5</a> uses UML to depict the first component, with two classes and binary associations between them. Associations are not just binary: indeed, <a>Usage</a>, <a>Generation</a>, <a>Start</a>, <a>End</a> also include <em>time</em> attributes.
</p>
<div style="text-align: center;">
@@ -1171,10 +1167,6 @@
</pre>
</div>
-<div class='issue'>A construct that marks the "end of life" of an entity may be introduced.
- This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/204">ISSUE-204</a>.
-</div>
-
</section>
@@ -1253,7 +1245,7 @@
<div class="anexample">
<p>
In the following example, a race is started by a bang, and responsibility for this trigger is attributed to an agent
- <span class="name">ex:DarthVader</span>.
+ <span class="name">ex:Bob</span>.
<pre class="codeexample">
activity(ex:foot_race)
wasStartedBy(ex:foot_race,ex:bang,2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00)
@@ -1274,7 +1266,7 @@
<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-end"></div>
-<p>An activity <dfn title="wasEndedBy">end</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasEndedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:</p>
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-end">An activity <dfn title="wasEndedBy">end</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasEndedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
<ul>
<li><span class='attribute' id="end.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the activity end;</li>
<li><span class='attribute' id="end.activity">activity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">a</span>) for the ended activity;
@@ -1282,6 +1274,7 @@
<li><span class='attribute' id="end.time">time</span>: the OPTIONAL time (<span class="name">t</span>) at which the activity was ended; </li>
<li><span class='attribute' id="end.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this activity end.
</ul>
+</div>
<div class="anexample">
<p>
@@ -1296,6 +1289,103 @@
</section>
+<section id="term-Invalidation">
+<h4>Invalidation</h4>
+
+
+<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-invalidation"></div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+Entities have a duration. Generation marks the beginning of an entity. The end of an entity can occur for different reasons.</p>
+<ul>
+<li> an entity was destroyed: e.g. a painting was destroyed by fire; a Web page is taken out of a site;
+<li> an entity was consumed: e.g. Bob ate all his soup, Alice ran out of gas when driving to work;
+<li> an entity expires: e.g. a "buy one beer, get one free" offer is valid during happy hour (7-8pm);
+<li> an entity is time limited: e.g. the BBC news site on April 3rd, 2012;
+<li> an entity attribute is changing: e.g. the traffic light changed from green to red.
+</ul>
+<p>In the first two cases, the entity has physically disappeared after its termination: there is no more soup, or painting. In the last two cases, there may be an "offer voucher" that still exists, but it is no longer valid; likewise, on April 4th, the BBC news site still exists but it is not the same entity as BBC news Web site on April 3rd; or the traffic light became red and therefore is regarded as a different entity to the green light.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="attributes" id="attributes-invalidation"><dfn title="wasInvalidatedBy">Invalidation</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasInvalidatedBy(id,e,a,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
+<ul>
+<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for a invalidation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>entity</span>: an identifier for the invalidated entity; </li>
+<li><span class='attribute'>activity</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the activity that invalidated the entity;</li>
+
+<li><span class='attribute'>time</span>: an OPTIONAL "invalidation time", the time at which the entity began to be invalidated;</li>
+
+<li><span class='attribute'>attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this invalidation.</li>
+</ul></div>
+<p>While each of the components <span class='attribute'>activity</span>, <span class='attribute'>time</span>, and <span class='attribute'>attributes</span> is OPTIONAL, at least one of them MUST be present.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-invalidation1">
+<p>
+The Painter, a Picasso painting, is known to have been destroyed in a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_artworks#20th_century">plane accident</a>.
+
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(ex:The-Painter)
+agent(ex:Picasso)
+wasAttributedTo(ex:The-Painter, ex:Picasso)
+activity(ex:crash)
+wasInvalidatedBy(ex:The-Painter, ex:crash, 1998-09-02, [ex:circumstances="plane accident"])
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-invalidation2">
+<p>
+The BBC news home page on 2012-04-03 <span class="name">ex:bbcNews2012-04-03</span>
+contained a reference to a given news item
+ <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-17595024">bbc:news/uk-17595024</a>,
+but the BBC news home page on the next day did not.
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(ex:bbcNews2012-04-03)
+memberOf(ex:bbcNews2012-04-03,{("item1", bbc:news/uk-17595024)})
+wasGeneratedBy (ex:bbcNews2012-04-03,-,2012-04-03T00:00:01)
+wasInvalidatedBy(ex:bbcNews2012-04-03,-,2012-04-03T23:59:59)
+</pre>
+We refer to example <a href="#anexample-specialization">anexample-specialization</a> for further descriptions of the BBC Web site, and to Section <a>Membership</a> for a description of the relation <a>memberOf</a>.
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-invalidation3">
+<p>
+In this example, the "buy one beer, get one free" offer expired at the end of the happy hour.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour)
+wasAttributedTo(proprietor)
+wasInvalidatedBy(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour,
+ -,2012-03-10T18:00:00)
+</pre>
+<p>In contrast, in the following descriptions, Bob redeemed the offer 45 minutes before it expired, and got two beers.
+</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour)
+wasAttributedTo(proprietor)
+activity(redeemOffer)
+entity(twoBeers)
+
+wasAssociatedWith(redeemOffer,bob)
+used(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour,
+ redeemOffer, 2012-03-10T17:15:00)
+wasInvalidatedBy(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour,
+ redeemOffer, 2012-03-10T17:15:00)
+wasGeneratedBy(twoBeers,redeemOffer)
+</pre>
+<p>We see that the offer was both used to be converted into <span class="name">twoBeers</span> and invalidated by the <span class="name">redeemOffer</span> activity: in other words, the combined usage and invalidation indicate consumption of the offer.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
<section id="term-wasInformedBy">
<h3>Communication</h3>
@@ -1325,7 +1415,7 @@
Consider two activities <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>, the former performed by a government agency, and the latter by a driver caught speeding.
<pre class="codeexample">
activity(a1, [prov:type="traffic regulations enforcing"])
-activity(a2, [prov:type="fine paying; check writing; mailing"])
+activity(a2, [prov:type="fine paying, check writing, and mailing"])
wasInformedBy(a2,a1)
</pre>
The last line indicates that some implicit entity was generated by <span class="name">a1</span> and used by <span class="name">a2</span>; this entity may be a traffic ticket that had a notice of fine, amount, and payment mailing details.
@@ -1404,19 +1494,19 @@
There are three types of agents that are common across most anticipated domains of use; It is acknowledged that these types do not cover all kinds of agent. </p>
<ul>
<li><span class="name">SoftwareAgent</span>
-<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-software-agent"></li>
-
-<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-software-agent"></div>
+
+<p></li>
<li><span class="name">Organization</span>
-<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-organization"></li>
-
-<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-organization"></div>
+
+<p></li>
<li><span class="name">Person</span>
-<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-person"></li>
+<div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-person"></div></li>
</ul>
@@ -1440,15 +1530,16 @@
<p>When an entity <span class="name">e</span> is attributed to agent <span class="name">ag</span>, entity <span class="name">e</span> was generated by some unspecified activity that in turn was associated to agent <span class="name">ag</span>. Thus, this relation is useful when the activity is not known, or irrelevant.</p>
-<p> An <dfn title="wasAttributedTo">attribution</dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasAttributedTo(id,e,ag,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:</p>
+<p><div class="attributes" id="attributes-attribution">An <dfn title="wasAttributedTo">attribution</dfn> relation<span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasAttributedTo(id,e,ag,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:
<ul>
<li><span class='attribute' id="attribution.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for the relation;</li>
<li><span class='attribute' id="attribution.entity">entity</span>: an entity identifier (<span class="name">e</span>);</li>
<li><span class='attribute' id="attribution.agent">agent</span>: the identifier (<span class="name">ag</span>) of the agent whom the entity is ascribed to;</li>
<li><span class='attribute' id="attribution.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this attribution.</li>
</ul>
-
-<div class="anexample">
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-attribution">
<p>
Revisiting the example of <a href="#section-example-one">Section 3.1</a>,
we can ascribe <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> to some agents without an explicit activity. The reserved attribute <span class="name">role</span> (see <a href="#term-attribute-role">Section 4.7.4.3</a>) allows for role of the agent in the attribution to be specified.
@@ -1579,7 +1670,7 @@
-<p>The third component of PROV-DM is concerned with <a title="derivation">derivations</a> of <a title="entity">entities</a> from others, and derivation subtypes <a>Revision</a>, <a>Quotation</a>, <a>Original Source</a>, and <a>Traceability</a>.
+<p>The third component of PROV-DM is concerned with <a title="derivation">derivations</a> of <a title="entity">entities</a> from others, and derivation subtypes <a>Revision</a>, <a>Quotation</a>, <a>Original Source</a>, and <a>Trace</a>.
Figure <a href="#figure-component3">figure-component3</a> depicts the third component with three classes (Entity, Activity, and Agent) and associations between them. UML association classes express n-ary relations.
</p>
@@ -1623,22 +1714,22 @@
<div class="anexample">
-<p>The following descriptions state the existence of derivations.</p>
+<p>The following descriptions are about derivations between <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span>, but no information is provided as to the identity of the activity (and usage and generation) underpinning the derivation. In the second line, a type attribute is also provided.</p>
<pre class="codeexample">
wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1)
wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, [prov:type="physical transform"])
+</pre>
+<p>The following description expresses that activity <span class="name">a</span>,
+using the entity <span class="name">e1</span> according to usage <span class="name">u1</span>,
+ derived the
+entity <span class="name">e2</span> and generated it according to generation
+ <span class="name">g2</span>. It is followed by descriptions for generation <span class="name">g2</span> and usage <span class="name">u1</span>.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
wasGeneratedBy(g2, e2, a, -)
used(u1, a, e1, -)
</pre>
-<p>
-The first and second lines are about derivations between <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span>, but no information is provided as to the identity of the activity (and usage and generation) underpinning the derivation. In the second line, a type attribute is also provided.</p>
-<p>
-The third description expresses that activity <span class="name">a</span>,
-using the entity <span class="name">e1</span> according to usage <span class="name">u1</span>,
- derived the
-entity <span class="name">e2</span> and generated it according to generation
- <span class="name">g2</span>. It is followed by descriptions for generation <span class="name">g2</span> and usage <span class="name">u1</span>. With such a comprehensive description of derivation, a program that analyzes provenance can identify the activity underpinning the derivation, it can identify how the original entity <span class="name">e1</span> was used by the activity (e.g. for instance, which argument it was passed as, if the activity is the result of a function invocation), and which output the derived entity <span class="name">e2</span> was obtained from (say, for a function returning multiple results).</p>
+<p>With such a comprehensive description of derivation, a program that analyzes provenance can identify the activity underpinning the derivation, it can identify how the original entity <span class="name">e1</span> was used by the activity (e.g. for instance, which argument it was passed as, if the activity is the result of a function invocation), and which output the derived entity <span class="name">e2</span> was obtained from (say, for a function returning multiple results).</p>
</div>
@@ -1762,30 +1853,30 @@
</section> <!-- end original source -->
-<section id="term-traceability">
-<h3>Traceability</h3>
+<section id="term-trace">
+<h3>Trace</h3>
<p>
-<span class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-traceability"></span>
+<span class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-trace"></span>
</p>
-<p> A traceability relation between two entities <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span> is a generic dependency of <span class="name">e2</span>
+<p> A trace relation between two entities <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span> is a generic dependency of <span class="name">e2</span>
on <span class="name">e1</span> that indicates either that <span class="name">e1</span> may have been necessary for <span class="name">e2</span> to be created, or that <span class="name">e1</span> bears
some responsibility for <span class="name">e2</span>'s existence.
-<p>A <dfn title="tracedTo">Traceability</dfn> relation <span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">tracedTo(id,e2,e1,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:</p>
+<p>A <dfn title="tracedTo">Trace</dfn> relation <span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">tracedTo(id,e2,e1,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:</p>
<ul>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="traceability.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
-<li><span class='attribute' id="traceability.entity">entity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e2</span>) for an entity;
-<li><span class='attribute' id="traceability.ancestor">ancestor</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e1</span>) for an ancestor entity that the former depends on;
-<li><span class='attribute' id="traceability.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this relation.</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="trace.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="trace.entity">entity</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e2</span>) for an entity;
+<li><span class='attribute' id="trace.ancestor">ancestor</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">e1</span>) for an ancestor entity that the former depends on;
+<li><span class='attribute' id="trace.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this relation.</li>
</ul>
<p>We note that the ancestor is allowed to be an agent since agents are entities. </p>
<p>
-<a>Derivation</a> and <a>attribution</a> are particular cases of traceability.
+<a>Derivation</a> and <a>attribution</a> are particular cases of trace.
</p>
<div class="anexample">
@@ -1829,7 +1920,7 @@
<p>Wherever two people describe the provenance of a same thing,
one cannot expect them to coordinate and agree on the identifiers to use to denote that thing.</p>
<div class="anexample" id="entity-example1">
-<p>User Alice writes an article. In its provenance, she wishes to refer to the precise version of the article with a date-specific URI, as she might edit the article later. Alternatively, user Bob refers to the article in general, indepedently of its variants over time.</p>
+<p>User Alice writes an article. In its provenance, she wishes to refer to the precise version of the article with a date-specific URI, as she might edit the article later. Alternatively, user Bob refers to the article in general, independently of its variants over time.</p>
</div>
<p>
To allow for identifiers to be chosen freely and independently by each user, the PROV data model introduces relations
@@ -1868,7 +1959,7 @@
<pre class="codeexample">
specializationOf(ex:bbcNews2012-03-23, bbc:news/)
</pre>
-Given that the BBC news does not define a URI for this day's news page, we are creating a qualified name in the namespace <span class="name">ex</span>.
+We have created a new qualified name, <span class="name">ex:bbcNews2012-03-23</span>, in the namespace <span class="name">ex</span>, to identify the specific page carrying this day's news, which would otherwise be the generic <span class="name">bbc:news/</span> page.
</div>
@@ -1934,7 +2025,7 @@
<h3>Component 5: Collections</h3>
<p>The fifth component of PROV-DM is concerned with the notion of collections.
-A collection is an entity that has some members. The members are themselves entities, and therefore their provenance can be expressed. Many applications need to be able to express the provenance of the collection itself: e.g. who maintains the collection, which members it contains as it evolves, and how it was assembled. The purpose of Component 5 is to define the types and relations that are useful to express the provenance of collections. </p>
+A collection is an entity that has some members. The members are themselves entities, and therefore their provenance can be expressed. Some applications need to be able to express the provenance of the collection itself: e.g. who maintains the collection, which members it contains as it evolves, and how it was assembled. The purpose of Component 5 is to define the types and relations that are useful to express the provenance of collections. </p>
<p>Figure <a href="#figure-component5">figure-component5</a> depicts
the fifth component with two classes and three associations.
@@ -2131,38 +2222,45 @@
<p>
<div class="attributes" id="attributes-memberOf">
- A <dfn title="memberOf">membership</dfn> relation, written <span class="pnExpression">memberOf(id, c, {(key_1, e_1), ..., (key_n, e_n)}, attrs)</span>, has:
+ A <dfn title="memberOf">membership</dfn> relation, written <span class="pnExpression">memberOf(id, c, {(key_1, e_1), ..., (key_n, e_n)}, cplt, attrs)</span>, has:
<ul>
<li><span class='attribute' id="memberOf.id">id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier identifying the relation;</li>
<li><span class='attribute' id="memberOf.after">after</span>: an identifier (<span class="name">c</span>) for the collection whose members are asserted; </li>
<li><span class='attribute' id="memberOf.key-entity-set">key-entity-set</span>: a set of key-entity pairs <span class="name">(key_1, e_1)</span>, ..., <span class="name">(key_n, e_n)</span> that are members of the collection;</li>
+<li><span class='attribute' id="memberOf.complete">complete</span>: an OPTIONAL boolean
+<a title="value">Value</a> (<span class="name">cplt</span>); if true, it indicates that no other member belongs to the collection; if false, it indicates that other members belong to the collection; if unspecified, other members MAY belong to the collection.
<li><span class='attribute' id="memberOf.attributes">attributes</span>: an OPTIONAL set (<span class="name">attrs</span>) of attribute-value pairs representing additional information about this relation.</li>
</ul>
</div>
+
+
+
<p>The description <span class="name">memberOf(c, {(key_1, e_1), ..., (key_n, e_n)})</span> states that <span class="name">c</span> is known to include <span class="name">(key_1, e_1)</span>, ..., <span class="name">(key_n, e_n)}</span>, without having to introduce a previous state. </p>
<div class="anexample">
<pre class="codeexample">
-entity(c, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName]) // c is a collection, with unknown content
-activity(a)
-wasGeneratedBy(c,a) // a produced c
+entity(c1, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName]) // c1 is a collection, with unknown content
+entity(c2, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName]) // c2 is a collection, with unknown content
entity(e1)
entity(e2)
-memberOf(c, {("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)} )
+
+memberOf(c1, {("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)} )
+memberOf(c2, {("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)}, true)
entity(e3)
-entity(c1, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
-
-derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c, {("k3", e3)})
+entity(c3, [prov:type="prov:Collection" %% xsd:QName])
+
+derivedByInsertionFrom(c3, c1, {("k3", e3)})
</pre>
From these descriptions, we conclude:
<ul>
-<li> <span class="name">c</span> has the following pairs as members: <span class="name">("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)</span>
-<li> <span class="name">c1</span> has the following pairs as members: <span class="name">("k1", e1), ("k2", e2), ("k3", v3)</span>
+<li> <span class="name">c1</span> has the following pairs as members: <span class="name">("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)</span>, and may contain others.
+<li> <span class="name">c2</span> exactly has the following pairs as members: <span class="name">("k1", e1), ("k2", e2)</span>, and does not contain any other.
+<li> <span class="name">c3</span> has the following pairs as members: <span class="name">("k1", e1), ("k2", e2), ("k3", v3)</span>, and may contain others.
</ul>
-<p> Note that the state of <span class="name">c1</span> with these relations is only partially known, because the state of <span class="name">c</span> is unknown.</p>
+<p> Thus, the states of <span class="name">c1</span> and <span class="name">c3</span> are only partially known.</p>
</div>
<!-- To go to part 2
@@ -2188,7 +2286,7 @@
<li>The state of a collection (i.e., the set of key-entity pairs it contains) at a given point in a sequence of operations is never stated explicitly. Rather, it can be obtained by querying the chain of derivations involving insertions and removals. Entity type <span class="name">emptyCollection</span> can be used in this context as it marks the start of a sequence of collection operations.</li>
-<li>The representation of a collection through these relations makes no assumption regarding the underlying data structure used to store and manage collections. In particular, no assumptions are needed regarding the mutability of a data structure that is subject to updates. Entities, however, are immutable and this applies to those entities that represent collections. This is reflected in the constraints listed in [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]]. </li>
+<li>The representation of a collection through these relations makes no assumption regarding the underlying data structure used to store and manage collections. In particular, no assumptions are needed regarding the mutability of a data structure that is subject to updates. Entities, however, are immutable and this applies to those entities that represent collections. This is reflected in the constraints listed in [[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]]. </li>
</ul>
@@ -2243,7 +2341,7 @@
</div>
<div class="anexample" id="anexample-note2">
-<p>Alternatively, a reputation service may enrich an existing provenance record with notes providing reputation ratings about agents. In the following fragment, both agents <span class="name">ex2:Simon</span> and <span class="name">ex2:Paolo</span> are rated "excellent".</p>
+<p>In contrast, a reputation service may enrich an existing provenance record with notes providing reputation ratings about agents. In the following fragment, both agents <span class="name">ex2:Simon</span> and <span class="name">ex2:Paolo</span> are rated "excellent".</p>
<pre class="codeexample">
note(ex3:n2,[ex3:reputation="excellent"])
hasAnnotation(ex2:Simon,ex3:n2)
@@ -2364,6 +2462,21 @@
<p>The PROV data model introduces a pre-defined set of attributes in the <a title="prov-namespace">PROV namespace</a>, which we define below.
The interpretation of any attribute declared in another namespace is out of scope.</p>
+<div id="attributes-at-a-glance-div" style="text-align: left;">
+<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="attributes-at-a-glance">Table 5: PROV-DM Attributes At a Glance</caption>
+<tr><td><b>Attribute</b></td><td><b>value</b></td><td><b>Section</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td>prov:label</td><td>xsd:string</td><td>Section <a href="#term-attribute-label">4.7.4.1</a> </td></tr>
+<tr><td>prov:location</td><td><a title="value">Value</a></td><td>Section <a href="#term-attribute-location">4.7.4.2</a> </td></tr>
+<tr><td>prov:role</td><td><a title="value">Value</a></td><td>Section <a href="#term-attribute-role">4.7.4.3</a> </td></tr>
+<tr><td>prov:type</td><td><a title="value">Value</a></td><td>Section <a href="#term-attribute-type">4.7.4.4</a> </td></tr>
+<tr><td>prov:value</td><td><a title="value">Value</a></td><td>Section <a href="#term-attribute-value">4.7.4.5</a> </td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
<section id="term-attribute-label">
<h4>prov:label</h4>
@@ -2389,7 +2502,7 @@
<p>
-The attribute <dfn title="dfn-location"><span class="name">prov:location</span></dfn> is an OPTIONAL attribute of entity, activity, usage, and generation. The value associated with the attribute <span class="name">prov:location</span> MUST be a PROV-DM <a title="value">Value</a>, expected to denote a location.
+The attribute <span class="name">prov:location</span> is an OPTIONAL attribute of entity, activity, usage, and generation. The value associated with the attribute <span class="name">prov:location</span> MUST be a PROV-DM <a title="value">Value</a>, expected to denote a location.
</p>
<div class="anexample">
@@ -2435,49 +2548,50 @@
<ul>
<li><span class="name">prov:Plan</span></li>
-<!-- <div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-plan" data-withspan="true"> -->
-
-
-
-
<li><span class="name">prov:Account</span></li>
-<!-- <div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-account" data-withspan="true"></li> -->
-
-
-
<li><span class="name">prov:SoftwareAgent</span></li>
-<!-- <div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-software-agent" data-withspan="true"></li> -->
-
-
-
<li><span class="name">prov:Organization</span></li>
-<!-- <div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-organization" data-withspan="true"></li> -->
-
-
-
<li><span class="name">prov:Person</span></li>
-<!-- <div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-person" data-withspan="true"></li> -->
-
-
-
<li><span class="name">prov:Collection</span></li>
-<!-- <div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-collection" data-withspan="true"></li> -->
-
-
-
<li><span class="name">prov:EmptyCollection</span></li>
-<!-- <div class="glossary-ref" data-ref="glossary-empty-collection" data-withspan="true"></li> -->
</ul>
</section>
+<section id="term-attribute-value">
+<h4>prov:value</h4>
+
+<p>The attribute <dfn title="dfn-value"><span class="name">prov:value</span></dfn> provides a <a title="value">Value</a> associated with an entity.</p>
+
+
+<p>The attribute <span class="name">prov:value</span> is an OPTIONAL attribute of entity. The value associated with the attribute <span class="name">prov:value</span> MUST be a PROV-DM <a title="value">Value</a>. The attribute <span class="name">prov:value</span> MAY occur at most once in a set of attribute-value pairs.</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<p>The following example illustrates the provenance of the number <span class="name">4</span> obtained by an activity that computed the length of an input string <span class="name">"abcd"</span>.
+The input and the output are expressed as entities <span class="name">ex:in</span> and <span class="name">ex:out</span>, respectively. They each have a <span class="name">prov:value</span> attribute associated with the corresponding value.
+</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+entity(ex:in, [prov:value="abcd"])
+entity(ex:out, [prov:value=4])
+activity(ex:len, [prov:type="string-length"])
+used(ex:len,ex:in)
+wasGeneratedBy(ex:out,ex:len)
+wasDerivedFrom(ex:out,ex:in)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="note">Should we also have prov:encoding?</div>
+
+</section>
+
+
@@ -2504,21 +2618,21 @@
<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<caption>Table 5: PROV-DM Data Types</caption>
+<caption id="prov-dm-data-types">Table 6: PROV-DM Data Types</caption>
<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#decimal">xsd:decimal</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#double">xsd:double</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#dateTime">xsd:dateTime</a></td> </tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#integer">xsd:integer</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#float">xsd:float</a></td> </tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#integer">xsd:integer</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#float">xsd:float</a></td><td></td> </tr>
<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#nonNegativeInteger">xsd:nonNegativeInteger</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#string">xsd:string</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/#section-XMLLiteral">rdf:XMLLiteral</a></td> </tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#nonPositiveInteger">xsd:nonPositiveInteger</a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#normalizedString">xsd:normalizedString</a></td> </tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#positiveInteger">xsd:positiveInteger</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#token">xsd:token</a></td> </tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#negativeInteger">xsd:negativeInteger</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#language">xsd:language</a></td> </tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#long">xsd:long</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#Name">xsd:Name</a></td> </tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#int">xsd:int</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#NCName">xsd:NCName</a></td> </tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#short">xsd:short</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#NMTOKEN">xsd:NMTOKEN</a></td> </tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#byte">xsd:byte</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#boolean">xsd:boolean</a></td> </tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedLong">xsd:unsignedLong</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#hexBinary">xsd:hexBinary</a></td> </tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedInt">xsd:unsignedInt</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#base64Binary">xsd:base64Binary</a></td> </tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedShort">xsd:unsignedShort</a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#anyURI">xsd:anyURI</a></td> </tr>
-<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedByte">xsd:unsignedByte</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#QName">xsd:QName</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#nonPositiveInteger">xsd:nonPositiveInteger</a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#normalizedString">xsd:normalizedString</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#positiveInteger">xsd:positiveInteger</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#token">xsd:token</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#negativeInteger">xsd:negativeInteger</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#language">xsd:language</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#long">xsd:long</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#Name">xsd:Name</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#int">xsd:int</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#NCName">xsd:NCName</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#short">xsd:short</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#NMTOKEN">xsd:NMTOKEN</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#byte">xsd:byte</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#boolean">xsd:boolean</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedLong">xsd:unsignedLong</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#hexBinary">xsd:hexBinary</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedInt">xsd:unsignedInt</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#base64Binary">xsd:base64Binary</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedShort">xsd:unsignedShort</a></td><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#anyURI">xsd:anyURI</a></td> <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedByte">xsd:unsignedByte</a></td> <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#QName">xsd:QName</a></td><td></td></tr>
</table>
@@ -2616,7 +2730,7 @@
</ul>
<p>The PROV data model is designed to be application and technology independent, but specializations of PROV-DM are welcome and encouraged. To ensure interoperability, specializations of
-the PROV data model that exploit the extensibility points summarized in this section MUST preserve the semantics specified in this document and in [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]]. </p>
+the PROV data model that exploit the extensibility points summarized in this section MUST preserve the semantics specified in this document and in [[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]]. </p>
@@ -2624,8 +2738,8 @@
-<section id="FurtherConsiderations">
-<h4>Towards a Refinement of the PROV Data Model</h4>
+<section id="valid-provenance">
+<h4>Creating Valid Provenance</h4>
<ul>
@@ -2638,7 +2752,7 @@
express that an entity was used before it was generated, or that the
activity that generated an entity began its existence after the entity
generation. A set of constraints have been defined for PROV-DM and
-can be found in a companion specification [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]].
+can be found in a companion specification [[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]].
They SHOULD be used by developers to compose provenance descriptions that are valid, and
by implementers of reasoning engines aiming to check whether provenance descriptions have problems. </li>
@@ -2647,19 +2761,14 @@
<li>
<p> The example of <a href="#prov-dm-example">section 3</a> contains identifiers such as <span class="name"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</a></span>, which denotes a specific version of a technical report. On the other hand, a URI such as <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a> denotes the latest version of a document. One needs to ensure that provenance descriptions for the latter resource remain valid as the resource state changes. </p>
-<p>To this end, PROV-DM allows asserters to describe "<em>partial states</em>" of entities by means of attributes and associated values. Some further constraints apply to the use of these attributes, since the values associated with them are expected to remain unchanged for some period of time. The constraints associated to attributes allow provenance descriptions to be refined, they can also be found in the companion specification [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]].</p>
+<p>To this end, PROV-DM allows asserters to describe "<em>partial states</em>" of entities by means of attributes and associated values. Some further constraints apply to the use of these attributes, since the values associated with them are expected to remain unchanged for some period of time. The constraints associated to attributes allow provenance descriptions to be refined, they can also be found in the companion specification [[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]].</p>
</li>
-<li>The existence of some mechanism(s) by which a set of provenance descriptions can be bundled up and named is assumed. No such mechanism is considered as mature for standardization, and therefore such mechanisms remain outside the scope of PROV-DM. Various ways of achieving this functionality exist, for instance, by:
-<ul>
-<li> bundling up a set of descriptions in a file and exposing it as a Web resource;</li>
-<li> relying on specific serializations to name bundles of descriptions;</li>
-<li> using the idea of a service that is capable of associating provenance descriptions to whom they are attributed to.</li>
-</ul>
-<p>Even though a mechanism for bundling up provenance descriptions and naming them is not part of PROV-DM, the idea of a bundle of descriptions is crucial to the PROV approach. Indeed, it allows multiple provenance perspectives to be provided for a given entity. It is also the mechanism by which provenance of provenance can be expressed. Such a named bundle is being referred to as an <dfn>account</dfn> and is regarded as an <a title="concept-account">Account</a> so that its provenance can be expressed. The notion of account is specified in the companion specification [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]], as well as the constraints that <dfn>structurally well-formed</dfn> descriptions are expected to satisfy.</p>
+<li>
+<p>The idea of bundling provenance descriptions is crucial to the PROV approach. Indeed, it allows multiple provenance perspectives to be provided for a given entity. It is also the mechanism by which provenance of provenance can be expressed. Such a named bundle is referred to as an <dfn>account</dfn> and is regarded as an <a title="concept-account">Account</a> so that its provenance can be expressed. The notion of account is specified in the companion specification [[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]], as well as the constraints that <dfn>structurally well-formed</dfn> descriptions SHOULD satisfy.</p>
</li>
--- a/model/prov-n.html Fri Apr 20 01:10:42 2012 +0100
+++ b/model/prov-n.html Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html>
+ <!DOCTYPE html>
<html><head>
<title>PROV-N: The Provenance Notation</title>
@@ -40,72 +40,72 @@
var extraReferences = {
"CLOCK":
"Lamport, L. "+
- "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
+ "<a href="\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\""><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
"Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
+ "URL: <a href="\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
"DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
"CSP":
"Hoare, C. A. R. "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
+ "<a href="\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\""><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
"Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
+ "URL: <a href="\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
"Logic":
"W. E. Johnson"+
- "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
+ "<a href="\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\""><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
"1924. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
+ "URL: <a href="\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
"PROV-RDF":
"James Cheney"+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF\"><cite>PROV-RDF Mapping </cite></a>"+
+ "<a href="\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF\""><cite>PROV-RDF Mapping </cite></a>"+
"2012, Working in Progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF</a>",
+ "URL: <a href="\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF\"">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF</a>",
"PROV-XML":
"James Cheney"+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvXML\"><cite>PROV-XML Mapping </cite></a>"+
+ "<a href="\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvXML\""><cite>PROV-XML Mapping </cite></a>"+
"2012, Working in Progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvXML\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvXML</a>",
+ "URL: <a href="\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvXML\"">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvXML</a>",
"PROV-DM":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
+ "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Reza B'Far, Stephen Cresswell, Yolanda Gil, Paul Groth, Graham Klyne, Jim McCusker, Simon Miles, James Myers, Satya Sahoo, and Curt Tilmes"+
+ "<a href="\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\""><cite>PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</cite></a>. "+
+ "2012, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href="\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
- "PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS":
- "Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\"><cite>PROV-DM Constraints</cite></a>. "+
- "2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a>",
+ "PROV-CONSTRAINTS":
+ "James Cheney, Paolo Missier, and Luc Moreau (eds.)"+
+ "<a href="\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/\""><cite>Constraints of the Prov Data Model</cite></a>. "+
+ "2012, Working Draft. "+
+ "URL: <a href="\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/\"">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/</a>",
"PROV-SEM":
"James Cheney "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
+ "<a href="\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\""><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
"2011, Work in progress. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
+ "URL: <a href="\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
"PROV-PRIMER":
"Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
+ "<a href="\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\""><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
"2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
+ "URL: <a href="\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
"PROV-O":
"Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
+ "<a href="\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\""><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
"2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
+ "URL: <a href="\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
"PROV-AQ":
"Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
+ "<a href="\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\""><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
"2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
+ "URL: <a href="\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
};
var respecConfig = {
// specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
// if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
// formal title, define it here
// subtitle : "About-to-be-frozen WD4 (for internal release)",
- subtitle : "WD5 for internal review",
+ subtitle : "WD1, being finalized for publication",
// if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
// publishDate: "2011-10-18",
@@ -184,54 +184,58 @@
<section id="abstract">
<p>
-PROV-DM, the PROV data model, is a data model for provenance that describes the entities, people and activities involved in producing a piece of data or thing. PROV-DM is structured in six components, dealing with: (1) entities and activities, and the time at which they were created, used, or ended; (2) agents bearing responsibility for entities that were generated and actities that happened; (3) derivations between entities; (4) properties to link entities that refer to a same thing; (5) collections of entities, whose provenance can itself be tracked; (6) a simple annotation mechanism.
+PROV-DM, the PROV data model, is a data model for provenance that describes
+the entities, people and activities involved in
+producing a piece of data or thing.
+PROV-DM is structured in six components, dealing with:
+(1) entities and activities, and the time at which they were created, used, or ended;
+(2) agents bearing responsibility for entities that were generated and activities that happened;
+(3) derivations of entities from entities;
+(4) properties to link entities that refer to the same thing;
+(5) collections forming a logical structure for its members;
+(6) a simple annotation mechanism.
<p>
-To provide examples of the PROV data model, the PROV notation (PROV-N) is introduced: aimed at human consumption, PROV-N allows serializations of PROV-DM
+<p>To provide examples of the PROV data model, the PROV notation (PROV-N) is introduced: aimed at human consumption, PROV-N allows serializations of PROV
instances to be created in a compact manner. PROV-N facilitates the
mapping of the PROV data model to concrete syntax, and is used as the basis for a
-formal semantics of PROV-DM. The purpose of this document is to define the PROV-N notation.
+formal semantics of PROV. The purpose of this document is to define the PROV-N notation.
</p>
</section>
<section id="sotd">
<h4>PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
-This document is part of the PROV family of specifications, a set of specifications aiming to define the various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
-interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. The specifications are as follows.
+This document is part of the PROV family of specifications, a set of specifications defining various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
+interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. The specifications are:
<ul>
-<li> PROV-DM, the PROV data model for provenance,</li>
-<li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS, a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model,</li>
-<li> PROV-N, a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption (this document),</li>
+<li> PROV-DM, the PROV data model for provenance;</li>
+<li> PROV-CONSTRAINTS, a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model;</li>
+<li> PROV-N, a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption (this document);</li>
<li> PROV-O, the PROV ontology, an OWL-RL ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF;</li>
<li> PROV-AQ, the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance; </li>
-<li> PROV-PRIMER, a primer for the PROV data model,</li>
-<li> PROV-SEM, a formal semantics for the PROV data model.</li>
+<li> PROV-PRIMER, a primer for the PROV data model;</li>
+<li> PROV-SEM, a formal semantics for the PROV data model;</li>
<li> PROV-XML, an XML schema for the PROV data model.</li>
</ul>
<h4>How to read the PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
<ul>
-<li>The primer is the entry point to PROV offering a pedagogical presentation of the provenance model.</li>
-<li>The Linked Data and Semantic Web community should focus on PROV-O defining PROV classes and properties specified in an OWL-RL ontology. For further details, PROV-DM and PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS specify the constraints applicable to the data model, and its interpretation. PROV-SEM provides a mathematical semantics.</li>
-<li>The XML community should focus on PROV-XML defining an XML schema for PROV-DM. Further details can also be found in PROV-DM, PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS, and PROV-SEM.</li>
-<li>Developers seeking to retrieve or publish provenance should focus of PROV-AQ.</li>
+<li>The primer is the entry point to PROV offering an introduction to the provenance model.</li>
+<li>The Linked Data and Semantic Web community should focus on PROV-O defining PROV classes and properties specified in an OWL-RL ontology. For further details, PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS specify the constraints applicable to the data model, and its interpretation. PROV-SEM provides a mathematical semantics.</li>
+<li>The XML community should focus on PROV-XML defining an XML schema for PROV. Further details can also be found in PROV-DM, PROV-CONSTRAINTS, and PROV-SEM.</li>
+<li>Developers seeking to retrieve or publish provenance should focus on PROV-AQ.</li>
<li>Readers seeking to implement other PROV serializations
-should focus on PROV-DM and PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS. PROV-O, PROV-N, PROV-XML offer examples of mapping to RDF, text, and XML, respectively.</li>
+should focus on PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS. PROV-O, PROV-N, PROV-XML offer examples of mapping to RDF, text, and XML, respectively.</li>
</ul>
-<h4>Fourth Public Working Draft</h4>
-<p>This is the fourth public release of the PROV-DM document. Following feedback, the Working Group has decided to reorganize this document substantially, separating the data model, from its contraints, and the notation used to illustrate it. The PROV-DM release is synchronized with the release of the PROV-O, PROV-PRIMER, PROV-N, PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS documents. We are now making clear what the entry path to the PROV family of specifications is.</p>
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+<h4>First Public Working Draft</h4>
+ <p>This is the first public release of the PROV-N
+document. Following feedback, the Working Group has decided to
+reorganize the PROV-DM document substantially, separating the data model,
+from its constraints, and the notation used to illustrate it. The
+PROV-N release is synchronized with the release of the PROV-DM, PROV-O,
+PROV-PRIMER, and PROV-CONSTRAINTS documents.
+</section>
@@ -242,52 +246,54 @@
institutions, entities, and activities, involved in producing,
influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a thing in the world. Two
companion specifications respectively define PROV-DM, a data model for
-provenance, allowing provenance descriptions to be expressed [[PROV-DM]] and a set of constraints that provenance descriptions are expected to satisfy [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]].
+provenance, allowing provenance descriptions to be expressed [[PROV-DM]] and a set of constraints that provenance descriptions are expected to satisfy [[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]].
</p>
<section id="purpose">
<h2>Purpose of this Document and target audience</h2>
-A key goal of PROV-DM is the specification of a machine-processable data model for provenance. However, communicating provenance between humans is also important when teaching, illustrating, formalizing, and discussing provenance-related issues.
+A key goal of PROV is the specification of a machine-processable data model for provenance. However, communicating provenance between humans is also important when teaching, illustrating, formalizing, and discussing provenance-related issues.
<!-- As such, representations of PROV-DM are available in RDF and XML. -->
-With these two requirements in mind, this document introduces PROV-N, a syntax notation designed to write instances of the PROV-DM data model according to the following design principles:
+With these two requirements in mind, this document introduces PROV-N, a syntax notation designed to write instances of the PROV data model according to the following design principles:
<ul>
-<li>Technology independence. PROV-N provides a simple syntax that can be mapped to technology-specific formats such as XML, RDF, JSON, and possibly more;
+<li>Technology independence. PROV-N provides a simple syntax that can be mapped to several technologies.
<li>Human readability. PROV-N follows a functional syntax style that is meant to be easily human-readable so it can be used in illustrative examples, such as those presented in the PROV documents suite;
-<li>Formality. PROV-N is defined through a formal grammar amenable to be used with standard parser generators.
+<li>Formality. PROV-N is defined through a formal grammar amenable to be used with parser generators.
</ul>
PROV-N has several known uses:
<ul>
-<li> It is the notation used in the examples found in [[PROV-DM]], as well as in the definition of PROV-DM constraints [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]]; </li>
-<li> It is a source language for the encoding of PROV-DM instances into a variety of target languages, including amongst others RDF [[PROV-RDF]] and XML [[PROV-XML]]; </li>
-<li> It provides the basis for a formal semantics of PROV-DM [[PROV-SEM]], in which an interpretation is given to each element of the PROV-N language.
+<li> It is the notation used in the examples found in [[PROV-DM]], as well as in the definition of PROV constraints [[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]]; </li>
+<li> It is a source language for the encoding of PROV data model instances into a variety of target languages, including amongst others RDF [[PROV-RDF]] and XML [[PROV-XML]]; </li>
+<li> It provides the basis for a formal semantics of the PROV data model [[PROV-SEM]], in which an interpretation is given to each element of the PROV-N language.
</ul>
-This document introduces the PROV-N grammar along with examples of its usage.<br/>
-Its target audience includes multiple roles. <br/>
-Firstly, it includes developers of provenance management applications, as well as implementors of new PROV-DM encodings, and thus in particular of PROV-N parsers. These readers may be interested in the entire structure of the grammar, starting from the top level nonterminal <a href="#ExpressionContainer">container</a>.
-Secondly, it also includes those readers of the [[PROV-DM]] and of [[PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS]] documents, who are interested in the details of the formal language underpinning the notation used in the examples and in the definition of the constraints. Those readers may find the <a href="#grammar-notation">expression</a> nonterminal a useful entry point into the grammar.
+<p>This document introduces the PROV-N grammar along with examples of its usage.</p>
+<p>Its target audience is twofold:
+<ul>
+<li>Developers of provenance management applications, as well as implementors of new PROV data model encodings, and thus in particular of PROV-N parsers. These readers may be interested in the entire structure of the grammar, starting from the top level nonterminal <a href="#ExpressionContainer">container</a>.</li>
+<li>Readers of the [[PROV-DM]] and of [[PROV-CONSTRAINTS]] documents, who are interested in the details of the formal language underpinning the notation used in the examples and in the definition of the constraints. Those readers may find the <a href="#grammar-notation">expression</a> nonterminal a useful entry point into the grammar.</li>
+</ul>
</section>
<section id="structure-of-this-document">
<h3>Structure of this Document</h3>
-This document defines a grammar using the Extended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF) notation. Its productions correspond to constructs of PROV-DM.
-<br/>
+<p>This document defines a grammar using the Extended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF) notation. Its productions correspond to PROV data model types and relations.
+</p>
It is structured as follows.
<p><a href="#prov-n-rationale">Section 2</a> provides the design rationale for the PROV Notation.</p>
<p><a href="#grammar-notation">Section 3</a> defines the notation for the Extended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF) grammar used in this specification.</p>
-<p><a href="#prov-n-expressions">Section 4</a> presents the grammar of all expressions of the language, presented one by one, and grouped according to PROV-DM components.</p>
+<p><a href="#prov-n-expressions">Section 4</a> presents the grammar of all expressions of the language grouped according to the PROV data model components.</p>
<p><a href="#ExpressionContainer">Section 5</a> defines the grammar of containers, a house-keeping construct of PROV-N capable of packaging up PROV-N expressions and namespace declarations.</p>
@@ -300,9 +306,9 @@
<section id="prov-dm-namespace">
- <h3>PROV-DM Namespace</h3>
+ <h3>Notational Conventions</h3>
-
+<!--
<p>The PROV namespace is <span class="name">http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</span> with prefix <span class="name">prov:</span>.</p>
<p> All the elements, predicates, reserved names and attributes introduced in this specification belong to the PROV namespace.</p>
@@ -311,13 +317,31 @@
<section id="conventions">
<h3>Conventions</h3>
-
+-->
<p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
[[!RFC2119]].</p>
- </section>
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+The following namespaces prefixes are used throughout this document.
+
+<div style="text-align: left;">
+<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<caption id="namespace-table">Table 1: Prefix and Namespaces used in this specification</caption>
+<tr><td><a><bf>prefix</bf></a></td><td><bf>namespace uri</bf></td> <td><bf>definition</bf></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>prov</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#</td><td>The PROV namespace (see Section <a href="#term-NamespaceDeclaration">4.7.1</a>)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>xsd</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema#</td><td>XML Schema Namespace [[!XMLSCHEMA-2]]</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>rdf</a></td><td>http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#</td><td>The RDF namespace [[!RDF-CONCEPTS]]</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a>(others)</a></td><td>(various)</td><td>All other namespace prefixes are used in examples only. <br/> In particular, URIs starting with "http://example.com" represent<br/> some application-dependent URI [[!URI]]</td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+</section>
</section>
@@ -328,7 +352,7 @@
<h3>Functional-style Syntax</h3>
<p> PROV-N adopts a functional-style syntax consisting of a predicate name and an ordered list of terms.
-All PROV-DM predicates involve two primary elements, the <em>subject</em> and the <em>object</em>, in this order. Furthermore, some predicates also admit additional elements that further characterize it.
+All PROV data model relations involve two primary elements, the <em>subject</em> and the <em>object</em>, in this order. Furthermore, some expressions also admit additional elements that further characterize it.
<div class="anexample">
The following expression should be read as "<span class="name">e2</span> was derived from <span class="name">e1</span>". Here <span class="name">e2</span> is the subject, and <span class="name">e1</span> is the object.
<pre class="codeexample" >
@@ -337,7 +361,7 @@
</div>
<div class="anexample">
-In the following expressions, the optional activity <span class="name">a</span> along with the generation and usage IDs, and timestamps have been added to further qualify the derivation:
+In the following expressions, the optional activity <span class="name">a</span> along with the generation and usage identifiers, and timestamps have been added to further qualify the derivation:
<pre class="codeexample" >
wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
activity(a2, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, 2011-11-16T16:00:01)
@@ -349,13 +373,13 @@
<section id="grammar-notation">
<h3>EBNF Grammar</h3>
-The grammar is specified using the Extended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF) notation.<br/>
+<p>The grammar is specified using the Extended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF) notation.</p>
<div class="grammar">
Each production rule (or <dfn>production</dfn>, for short) in the grammar defines one non-terminal symbol <span class="nonterminal">E</span>, in the following form:</p>
-<span class="nonterminal">E</span> ::= <em>expression</em>
+<span class="nonterminal">E</span> ::= <em>term</em>
-<p>Within the expression on the right-hand side of a rule, the following expressions are used to match strings of one or more characters:
+<p>Within the term on the right-hand side of a rule, the following terms are used to match strings of one or more characters:
<ul>
<li>
<span class="nonterminal">E</span>: matches term satisfying rule for symbol E.
@@ -367,15 +391,19 @@
<li>
-<span class="optional"><em>expression</em></span>: matches <em>expression</em> or nothing; optional <em>expression</em>.
+<span class="optional"><em>term</em></span>: optional <em>term</em>, matches <em>term</em> or nothing.
</li>
<li>
-<span class="plus"><em>expression</em></span>: matches one or more occurrences of <em>expression</em>.
+<span class="plus"><em>term</em></span>: matches one or more occurrences of <em>term</em>.
</li>
<li>
-<span class="star"><em>expression</em></span>: matches zero or more occurrences of <em>expression</em>.
+<span class="star"><em>term</em></span>: matches zero or more occurrences of <em>term</em>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<span class="choice"><em>term</em> | <em>term</em></span>: matches one of the two <em>terms</em>.
</li>
</ul>
@@ -395,6 +423,7 @@
<br/>
| <span class="nonterminal">startExpression</span>
| <span class="nonterminal">endExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">invalidationExpression</span>
| <span class="nonterminal">communicationExpression</span>
| <span class="nonterminal">startByActivityExpression</span>
<br/>
@@ -409,7 +438,7 @@
| <span class="nonterminal">revisionExpression</span>
| <span class="nonterminal">quotationExpression</span> <br/>
| <span class="nonterminal">hadOriginalSourceExpression</span>
-| <span class="nonterminal">traceabilityExpression</span>
+| <span class="nonterminal">traceExpression</span>
<br/>
<!-- Component 4-->
| <span class="nonterminal">alternateExpression</span>
@@ -424,27 +453,23 @@
</table>
</div>
-Each expression type, of the form <span class="nonterminal">XExpression</span>, i.e., <span class="nonterminal">entityExpression</span>, <span class="nonterminal">activityExpression</span> etc., corresponds to one element X (entity, activity, etc.) of PROV-DM.
-<p>A PROV-N document consists of a collection of <a title="expression">expressions</a>, wrapped in an <a>expression container</a> with some namespace declarations, such that the text for an element X matches the corresponding <span class="nonterminal">XExpression</span> production of the grammar.
+Each expression non-terminal <span class="nonterminal">expression</span>, i.e., <span class="nonterminal">entityExpression</span>, <span class="nonterminal">activityExpression</span> etc., corresponds to one element (entity, activity, etc.) of the PROV data model.
+<p>A PROV-N document consists of a collection of <a title="expression">expressions</a>, wrapped in an <a>expression container</a> with some namespace declarations, such that the text for an element matches the corresponding <span class="nonterminal">expression</span> production of the grammar.
</section>
-<!--
-The following conventions are introduced concerning the specification of optional terms in an expression, of default terms, and of terms whose value is not specified, either because it is not available, or because it does not apply.
--->
-
<section id="prov-n-optionals">
<h3>Optional terms in expressions</h3>
-Some terms in a predicate may be optional. For example:
+Some terms in an expression may be optional. For example:
<div class="anexample">
<pre class="codeexample" >
wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1)
</pre>
-In a derivation expression, the activity, generation, and usage are optionals. They are specified in the first derivation, but not in the second.
+In a derivation expression, the activity, generation, and usage are optional terms. They are specified in the first derivation, but not in the second.
</div>
<div class="anexample">
@@ -455,8 +480,8 @@
The start and end times for Activity <span class="name">a1</span> are optional. They are specified in the first expression, but not in the second.
</div>
-The general rule for optionals is that, if <em>none</em> of the optionals are used in the expression, then they are simply omitted, resulting in a simpler expression as in the examples above.<br/>
-However, it may be the case that only some of the optional terms are omitted. Because the position of the terms in the expression matters, in this case an additional marker must be used to indicate that a particular term is not available. The symbol <span class="name">-</span> is used for this purpose.
+<p>The general rule for optionals is that, if <em>none</em> of the optionals are used in the expression, then they are simply omitted, resulting in a simpler expression as in the examples above.</p>
+However, it may be the case that only some of the optional terms are omitted. Because the position of the terms in the expression matters, an additional marker must be used to indicate that a particular term is not available. The symbol <span class="name">-</span> is used for this purpose.
<div class="anexample">
<p>In the first expression below, all optionals are specified. However in the second, only the last one is specified, forcing the use of the marker for the missing terms. In the last, no marker is necessary because all <em>remaining</em> optionals after <span class="name">a</span> are missing.
@@ -481,7 +506,7 @@
<section id="prov-n-standard-terms">
<h3>Identifiers and attributes</h3>
-Most expression types defined in the grammar include the use of two terms: an identifier for the predicate, and a set of attribute-value pairs, delimited by square brackets. Both are optional (unless specified otherwise). By convention, the identifier is the first term in any expression type, and the set of attribute-value pairs is the last. <br/>
+<p>Most expressions defined in the grammar include the use of two terms: an identifier for the predicate, and a set of attribute-value pairs, delimited by square brackets. Both are optional (unless specified otherwise). By convention, the identifier is the first term in any expression, and the set of attribute-value pairs is the last. </p>
Consistent with the convention on optional terms, the '<span class="name">-</span>' marker can be used when the identifier is not available. Additionally, the grammar rules are defined in such a way that the optional identifier can be omitted altogether with no ambiguity arising.
<div class="anexample">
@@ -505,25 +530,12 @@
</section>
-<section id="prov-n-attributes">
-<h3>Optional attributes</h3>
-
-<div class="note">This looks out of place --- why is this not in DM? </div>
-
-Name-value attribute pairs are intended for arbitrary, user-defined terms that are used to qualify the predicate. Amongst these, a few are defined as standard in PROV-DM. These are:
- <span class="name">prov:label</span>,
- <span class="name">prov:location</span>,
- <span class="name">prov:role</span>, and
- <span class="name">prov:type</span>.
-
-</section>
-
</section>
<section id="prov-n-expressions">
<h2>PROV-N Productions per Component</h2>
-This section introduces grammar productions for each expression type, followed by small examples illustrating the use of expressions in PROV-N. </p>
+This section introduces grammar productions for each expression, followed by small examples illustrating the use of expressions in PROV-N. Strings conforming to the grammar are valid expressions in the PROV-N language.<p/>
<section id="component1">
<h3>Component 1: Entities and Activities</h3>
@@ -534,9 +546,6 @@
<div class="withPn">
<p>
-<p> The <span class="nonterminal">entityExpression</span> production encodes entity predicates.</p>
-
-</p>
<div class='grammar'>
<span class="nonterminal">entityExpression</span> ::=
@@ -582,9 +591,6 @@
<section id="expression-Activity">
<h4>Activity</h4>
- <p>The <span class="nonterminal">activityExpression</span> production encodes activity predicates.</p>
-
-
<div class='grammar'>
<span class="nonterminal">activityExpression</span> ::=
<span class="name">activity</span>
@@ -603,7 +609,7 @@
<pre class="codeexample">
activity(ex:a10, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, 2011-11-16T16:00:01, [prov:type="createFile"])
</pre>
-Here <span class="name">ex:a10</span> is the optional activity identifier, <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> and <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:01</span> are the optional start and end times for the activity, and <span class="name">[prov:type="createFile"]</span> are optional attributes. <br/>
+<p>Here <span class="name">ex:a10</span> is the optional activity identifier, <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> and <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:01</span> are the optional start and end times for the activity, and <span class="name">[prov:type="createFile"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
<pre class="codeexample">
activity(ex:a10)
@@ -623,7 +629,6 @@
<div class="withPn">
- <p>The <span class="nonterminal">generationExpression</span> production encodes generation predicates.</p>
<div class='grammar'>
<span class="nonterminal">generationExpression</span> ::=
@@ -644,8 +649,8 @@
<pre class="codeexample">
wasGeneratedBy(ex:g1, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:fct="save"])
</pre>
- Here <span class="name">ex:g1</span> is the optional generation identifier, <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is the identifier of the entity being generated,
- <span class="name">ex:edit1</span> is the optional identifier of the generating activity, <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> is the generation time, and <span class="name"> [ex:fct="save"]</span> are optional attributes. <br/>
+<p> Here <span class="name">ex:g1</span> is the optional generation identifier, <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is the identifier of the entity being generated,
+ <span class="name">ex:edit1</span> is the optional identifier of the generating activity, <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> is the optional generation time, and <span class="name"> [ex:fct="save"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
<pre class="codeexample">
@@ -667,8 +672,6 @@
<section id="expression-Usage">
<h4>Usage</h4>
- <p>The <span class="nonterminal">usageExpression</span> production encodes usage predicates.</p>
-
<div class='grammar'>
<span class="nonterminal">usageExpression</span> ::=
<span class="name">used</span>
@@ -684,7 +687,16 @@
<div class="anexample">
+
<pre class="codeexample">
+used(ex:u1, ex:act2, ar3:0111, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:fct="load"])
+ </pre>
+<p> Here <span class="name">ex:u1</span> is the optional usage identifier, <span class="name">ex:act2</span> is the identifier of the using activity,
+ <span class="name">ar3:0111</span> is the identifier of the entity being used,
+ <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> is the optional usage time, and <span class="name"> [ex:fct="load"]</span> are optional attributes.</p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+ <pre class="codeexample">
used(ex:act2, ar3:0111, -)
used(ex:act2, ar3:0111, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
used(a1,e1, -, [ex:fct="load"])
@@ -698,9 +710,6 @@
<section id="expression-Start">
<h4>Start</h4>
-
- <p>The <span class="nonterminal">startExpression</span> production encodes activity start predicates.</p>
-
<div class='grammar'>
<span class="nonterminal">startExpression</span> ::=
<span class="name">wasStartedBy</span>
@@ -715,7 +724,16 @@
</div>
<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
+
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+wasStartedBy(s, ex:act2, ar3:0111, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:param="a"])
+ </pre>
+ <p>Here <span class="name">s</span> is the optional start identifier, <span class="name">ex:act2</span> is the identifier of the starting activity,
+ <span class="name">ar3:0111</span> is the identifier of the entity that triggered the activity start,
+ <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> is the optional usage time, and <span class="name"> [ex:param="a"]</span> are optional attributes.</p>
+ The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+ <pre class="codeexample">
wasStartedBy(ex:act2, ar3:0111, -)
wasStartedBy(ex:act2, ar3:0111, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
wasStartedBy(ex:act2, -, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
@@ -726,7 +744,7 @@
</pre>
</div>
-<p>Even though the production <span class="nonterminal">startExpression</span> allows for expressions <span class="name">wasStartedBy(e2, -, -)</span> and <span class="name">wasStartedBy(-, e2, -, -)</span>, these expressions are not valid in PROV-N,
+<p><strong>Note:</strong> Even though the production <span class="nonterminal">startExpression</span> allows for expressions <span class="name">wasStartedBy(e2, -, -)</span> and <span class="name">wasStartedBy(-, e2, -, -)</span>, these expressions are not valid in PROV-N,
since
at least one of <span class='attribute'>trigger</span>, <span class='attribute'>time</span>, or <span class='attribute'>attributes</span> MUST be present.</p>
@@ -735,8 +753,6 @@
<section id="expression-End">
<h4>End</h4>
- <p>The <span class="nonterminal">endExpression</span> production encodes activity end predicates.</p>
-
<div class='grammar'>
<span class="nonterminal">endExpression</span> ::=
<span class="name">wasEndedBy</span>
@@ -751,6 +767,16 @@
</div>
<div class="anexample">
+
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+wasEndedBy(s, ex:act2, ex:trigger, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:param="a"])
+ </pre>
+<p> Here <span class="name">s</span> is the optional start identifier, <span class="name">ex:act2</span> is the identifier of the ending activity,
+ <span class="name">ex:trigger</span> is the identifier of the entity that triggered the activity end,
+ <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> is the optional usage time, and <span class="name"> [ex:param="a"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+
<pre class="codeexample">
wasEndedBy(ex:act2, ex:trigger, -)
wasEndedBy(ex:act2, ex:trigger, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
@@ -762,18 +788,60 @@
</pre>
</div>
-<p>Even though the production <span class="nonterminal">endExpression</span> allows for expressions <span class="name">wasEndedBy(e2, -, -)</span> and <span class="name">wasEndedBy(-, e2, -, -)</span>, these expressions are not valid in PROV-N,
+<p><strong>Note:</strong>Even though the production <span class="nonterminal">endExpression</span> allows for expressions <span class="name">wasEndedBy(e2, -, -)</span> and <span class="name">wasEndedBy(-, e2, -, -)</span>, these expressions are not valid in PROV-N,
since
at least one of <span class='attribute'>trigger</span>, <span class='attribute'>time</span>, and <span class='attribute'>attributes</span> MUST be present.</p>
</section>
+<section id="expression-Invalidation">
+<h4>Invalidation</h4>
+
+
+<div class="withPn">
+
+<div class='grammar'>
+<span class="nonterminal">invalidationExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy</span>
+<span class="name">(</span>
+<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
+<span class="nonterminal">eIdentifier</span>
+<span class="name">,</span>
+( <span class="nonterminal">aIdentifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="name">,</span> ( <span class="nonterminal">time</span> | <span class="name">-</span> )
+<span class="nonterminal">optional-attribute-values</span>
+<span class="name">)</span><br/>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasInvalidatedBy(ex:i1, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00, [ex:fct="save"])
+</pre>
+<p> Here <span class="name">ex:i1</span> is the optional invalidation identifier, <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is the identifier of the entity being invalidated,
+ <span class="name">ex:edit1</span> is the optional identifier of the invalidating activity, <span class="name">2011-11-16T16:00:00</span> is the optional invalidation time, and <span class="name"> [ex:fct="save"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasInvalidatedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
+wasInvalidatedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, 2011-11-16T16:00:00)
+wasInvalidatedBy(e2, a1, -, [ex:fct="save"])
+wasInvalidatedBy(e2, -, -, [ex:fct="save"])
+wasInvalidatedBy(ex:i1, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
+wasInvalidatedBy(-, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:edit1, -)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>Even though the production <span class="nonterminal">invalidationExpression</span> allows for expressions <span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(e2, -, -)</span> and <span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(-, e2, -, -)</span>, these expressions are not valid in PROV-N, since
+at least one of <span class='attribute'>activity</span>, <span class='attribute'>time</span>, or <span class='attribute'>attributes</span> MUST be present.</p>
+
+
+</section>
+
+
<section id="expression-wasInformedBy">
<h4>Communication</h4>
- <p>The <span class="nonterminal">communicationExpression</span> production encodes communication predicates.</p>
-
-
-
<div class="grammar">
<span class="nonterminal">communicationExpression</span> ::=
<span class="name">wasInformedBy</span>
@@ -788,6 +856,14 @@
<div class="anexample">
<pre class="codeexample">
+wasInformedBy(ex:inf1, ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+</pre>
+<p> Here <span class="name">ex:inf1</span> is the optional communication identifier, <span class="name">ex:a1</span> is the identifier of the informed activity,
+ <span class="name">ex:a2</span> is the identifier of the informant activity,
+and <span class="name">[ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+<pre class="codeexample">
wasInformedBy(ex:a1, ex:a2)
wasInformedBy(ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
wasInformedBy(i, ex:a1, ex:a2)
@@ -801,8 +877,6 @@
<section id="expression-startByActivity">
<h4>Start by Activity</h4>
- <p>The <span class="nonterminal">startByActivityExpression</span> production encodes Start-by-Activity predicates.</p>
-
<div class="grammar">
<span class="nonterminal">startByActivityExpression</span> ::=
<span class="name">wasStartedByActivity</span>
@@ -818,10 +892,17 @@
<div class="anexample">
<pre class="codeexample">
+wasStartedByActivity(s,ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+ </pre>
+<p> Here <span class="name">s</span> is the optional start-by-activity identifier, <span class="name">ex:a1</span> is the identifier of the starting activity,
+ <span class="name">ex:a2</span> is the identifier of the activity that started <span class="name">ex:a1</span>,
+and <span class="name"> [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+ <pre class="codeexample">
wasStartedByActivity(ex:a1, ex:a2)
wasStartedByActivity(ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
wasStartedByActivity(s,ex:a1, ex:a2)
-wasStartedByActivity(s,ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
wasStartedByActivity(-,ex:a1, ex:a2)
wasStartedByActivity(-,ex:a1, ex:a2, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
</pre>
@@ -835,9 +916,6 @@
<section id="expression-Agent">
<h4>Agent</h4>
- <p>The <span class="nonterminal">agentExpression</span> production encodes Agent predicates.</p>
-
-
<div class='grammar'>
<span class="nonterminal">agentExpression</span> ::=
<span class="name">agent</span>
@@ -850,8 +928,14 @@
<div class="anexample">
<pre class="codeexample">
+agent(ag4, [ prov:type="prov:Person", ex:name="David" ])
+</pre>
+<p>Here <span class="name">ag</span> is the agent identifier, and
+ <span class="name">[ prov:type="prov:Person", ex:name="David" ]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+In the next example, the optional attributes are omitted.
+
+<pre class="codeexample">
agent(ag4)
-agent(ag4, [ prov:type="prov:Person" %% xsd:QName, ex:name="David" ])
</pre>
</div>
@@ -860,8 +944,6 @@
<section id="expression-attribution">
<h4>Attribution</h4>
- <p>The <span class="nonterminal">attributionExpression</span> production encodes Attribution predicates.</p>
-
<div class="grammar">
<span class="nonterminal">attributionExpression</span> ::=
<span class="name">wasAttributedTo</span>
@@ -875,10 +957,18 @@
</div>
<div class="anexample">
+
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasAttributedTo(id, e, ag, [ex:license="cc:attributionURL" %% "xsd:QName"])
+ </pre>
+<p> Here <span class="name">id</span> is the optional attribution identifier, <span class="name">e</span> is an entity identifier,
+ <span class="name">ag</span> is the identifier of the agent to whom the entity is abscribed,
+and <span class="name">[ex:license="cc:attributionURL" %% "xsd:QName"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
<pre class="codeexample">
wasAttributedTo(e, ag)
wasAttributedTo(e, ag, [ex:license="cc:attributionURL" %% "xsd:QName"])
-wasAttributedTo(id, e, ag, [ex:license="cc:attributionURL" %% "xsd:QName"])
wasAttributedTo(-, e, ag, [ex:license="cc:attributionURL" %% "xsd:QName"])
</pre>
</div>
@@ -889,9 +979,6 @@
<section id="expression-Association">
<h4>Association</h4>
- <p>The <span class="nonterminal">associationExpression</span> production encodes Association predicates.</p>
-
-
<div class='grammar'>
<span class="nonterminal">associationExpression</span> ::=
<span class="name">wasAssociatedWith</span>
@@ -910,6 +997,19 @@
<div class="anexample">
<pre class="codeexample">
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:agas, ex:a1, ex:ag1, ex:e1, [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"])
+ </pre>
+
+<p> Here <span class="name">ex:agas</span> is the optional attribution identifier,
+ <span class="name">ex:a1</span> is an activity identifier,
+ <span class="name">ex:ag1</span> is the optional identifier of the agent associated to the activity,
+ <span class="name">ex:e1</span> is the optional identifier of the plan used by the agent in the context of the activity,
+ and <span class="name"> [ex:param1="a", ex:param2="b"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+
+
+<pre class="codeexample">
wasAssociatedWith(ex:a1, -, ex:e1)
wasAssociatedWith(ex:a1, ex:ag1, -)
wasAssociatedWith(ex:a1, ex:ag1, ex:e1)
@@ -920,16 +1020,13 @@
</pre>
</div>
-<p>Even though the production <span class="nonterminal">associationExpression</span> allows for expressions <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a, -, -)</span> and <span class="name">wasAssociatiedWith(-, a, -, -)</span>, these expressions are not valid in PROV-N,
-since
-at least one of <span class='attribute'>agent</span> or <span class='attribute'>plan</span> MUST be present.</p>
+<p><strong>Note:</strong>The production <span class="nonterminal">associationExpression</span> allows for expressions <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a, -, -)</span> and <span class="name">wasAssociatiedWith(-, a, -, -)</span>. However, these expressions are not valid in PROV-N,
+because at least one of <span class='attribute'>agent</span> or <span class='attribute'>plan</span> MUST be present.</p>
</section>
<section id="expression-responsibility">
<h4>Responsibility</h4>
- <p>The <span class="nonterminal">responsibilityExpression</span> production encodes Responsibility predicates.</p>
-
<div class='grammar'>
<span class="nonterminal">responsibilityExpression</span> ::=
<span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf</span>
@@ -945,6 +1042,18 @@
</div>
<div class="anexample">
+
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+actedOnBehalfOf(act1, ag1, ag2, a, [prov:type="contract"])
+ </pre>
+<p> Here <span class="name">act1</span> is the optional attribution identifier,
+ <span class="name">ag1</span> is the identifier for the subordinate agent,
+ <span class="name">ag2</span> is the identifier of the responsible agent,
+ <span class="name">a</span> is the optional identifier of the activity for which the responsibility link holds,
+ and <span class="name"> [prov:type="contract"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+
<pre class="codeexample">
actedOnBehalfOf(ag1, ag2, -)
actedOnBehalfOf(ag1, ag2, a)
@@ -963,8 +1072,6 @@
<section id="Derivation-Relation">
<h4>Derivation</h4>
- <p>The <span class="nonterminal">derivationExpression</span> production encodes Derivation predicates.</p>
-
<div class='grammar'>
<span class="nonterminal">derivationExpression</span> ::=
<span class="name">wasDerivedFrom</span>
@@ -987,6 +1094,20 @@
<div class="anexample">
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+wasDerivedFrom(d, e2, e1, a, g2, u1, [prov:comment="a righteous derivation"])
+ </pre>
+<p> Here
+ <span class="name">d</span> is the optional derivation identifier,
+ <span class="name">e2</span> is the identifier for the entity being derived,
+ <span class="name">e1</span> is the identifier of the entity from which <span class="name">e2</span> is derived,
+ <span class="name">a</span> is the optional identifier of the activity which used/generated the entities,
+ <span class="name">g2</span> is the optional identifier of the generation,
+ <span class="name">u1</span> is the optional identifier of the usage,
+ and <span class="name">[prov:comment="a righteous derivation"]</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+
<pre class="codeexample">
wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1)
wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g2, u1)
@@ -1005,9 +1126,6 @@
<section id="expression-Revision">
<h4>Revision</h4>
- <p>The <span class="nonterminal">revisionExpression</span> production encodes Revision predicates.</p>
-
-
<div class="grammar">
<span class="nonterminal">revisionExpression</span> ::=
<span class="name">wasRevisionOf</span>
@@ -1024,7 +1142,19 @@
<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+wasRevisionOf(rev1, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, w3:Consortium, [prov:comment="??"] )
+ </pre>
+<p> Here
+ <span class="name">rev1</span> is the optional revision identifier,
+ <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is the identifier of the revised entity,
+ <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018</span> is the identifier of the original entity,
+ <span class="name">w3:Consortium</span> is the optional identifier of the agent involved in the revision,
+ and <span class="name"> [prov:comment="??"] )</span> are optional attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+
+ <pre class="codeexample">
wasRevisionOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, -)
wasRevisionOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, w3:Consortium)
wasRevisionOf(id,tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, w3:Consortium)
@@ -1039,8 +1169,6 @@
<section id="expression-quotation">
<h4>Quotation</h4>
- <p>The <span class="nonterminal">quotationExpression</span> production encodes Quotation predicates.</p>
-
<div class="grammar">
<span class="nonterminal">quotationExpression</span> ::=
<span class="name">wasQuotedFrom</span>
@@ -1061,7 +1189,20 @@
<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+wasQuotedFrom(quoteId1, ex:blockQuote,ex:blog,ex:Luc,ex:Paul,[])
+ </pre>
+<p> Here
+ <span class="name">quoteId1</span> is the optional revision identifier,
+ <span class="name">ex:blockQuote</span> is the identifier of the entity that represents the quote (the partial copy)
+ <span class="name">ex:blog</span> is the identifier of the original entity being quoted,
+ <span class="name">ex:Luc</span> is the optional identifier of the agent who performs the quoting,
+ <span class="name">ex:Paul</span> is the optional identifier of the agent to whom the original entity is attributed,
+ and <span class="name">[]</span> is the (empty) optional set of attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+
+ <pre class="codeexample">
wasQuotedFrom(ex:blockQuote,ex:blog)
wasQuotedFrom(ex:blockQuote,ex:blog,ex:Luc,ex:Paul)
wasQuotedFrom(ex:blockQuote,ex:blog,-,ex:Paul)
@@ -1079,8 +1220,6 @@
<section id="expression-original-source">
<h4>Original Source</h4>
- <p>The <span class="nonterminal">quotationExpression</span> production encodes Original Source predicates.</p>
-
<div class="grammar">
<span class="nonterminal">originalSourceExpression</span> ::=
<span class="name">hadOriginalSource</span>
@@ -1095,7 +1234,18 @@
<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+hadOriginalSource(src1, ex:e1, ex:e2,[ex:param="a"])
+ </pre>
+<p> Here
+ <span class="name">src1</span> is the optional original source identifier,
+ <span class="name">ex:e1</span> is the identifier of the derived entity,
+ <span class="name">ex:e2</span> is the identifier of the original source entity,
+ and <span class="name">[ex:param="a"]</span> is the optional set of attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+
+ <pre class="codeexample">
hadOriginalSource(ex:e1, ex:e2)
hadOriginalSource(ex:e1, ex:e2,[ex:param="a"])
hadOriginalSource(-,ex:e1, ex:e2,[ex:param="a"])
@@ -1104,13 +1254,11 @@
</div>
</section> <!-- end original source -->
-<section id="expression-traceability">
-<h4>Traceability</h4>
-
- <p>The <span class="nonterminal">traceabilityExpression</span> production encodes Traceability predicates.</p>
+<section id="expression-trace">
+<h4>Trace</h4>
<div class="grammar">
-<span class="nonterminal">traceabilityExpression</span> ::=
+<span class="nonterminal">traceExpression</span> ::=
<span class="name">tracedTo</span>
<span class="name">(</span>
<span class="optional">( <span class="nonterminal">identifier</span> | <span class="name">-</span> ) <span class="name">,</span> </span>
@@ -1123,10 +1271,20 @@
<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+tracedTo(id,e2,e1,[ex:param="a"])
+ </pre>
+<p> Here
+ <span class="name">id</span> is the optional trace identifier,
+ <span class="name">e2</span> is an entity identifier,
+ <span class="name">e1</span> is the identifier for an ancestor entity that <span class="name">e2</span> depends on,
+ and <span class="name">[ex:param="a"]</span> is the optional set of attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+
+ <pre class="codeexample">
tracedTo(e2,e1)
tracedTo(e2,e1,[ex:param="a"])
-tracedTo(id,e2,e1,[ex:param="a"])
tracedTo(-,e2,e1)
</pre>
</div>
@@ -1138,8 +1296,6 @@
<section id="expression-alternate">
<h4>Alternate</h4>
- <p>The <span class="nonterminal">alternateExpression</span> production encodes Alternate predicates.</p>
-
<div class='grammar'>
<span class="nonterminal">alternateExpression</span> ::=
<span class="name">alternateOf</span>
@@ -1154,6 +1310,7 @@
<pre class="codeexample">
alternateOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex:alternate-20111215)
</pre>
+ Here <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is alternate for <span class="name">ex:alternate-20111215</span>.
</div>
@@ -1161,8 +1318,6 @@
<section id="expression-specialization">
<h4>Specialization</h4>
- <p>The <span class="nonterminal">specializationExpression</span> production encodes Specialization predicates.</p>
-
<div class='grammar'>
<span class="nonterminal">specializationExpression</span> ::=
<span class="name">specializationOf</span>
@@ -1177,6 +1332,7 @@
<pre class="codeexample">
specializationOf(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,tr:prov-dm)
</pre>
+ Here <span class="name">tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span> is a specialization of <span class="name">tr:prov-dm</span>.
</div>
</section>
@@ -1219,8 +1375,6 @@
<section id="expression-collection-insertion">
<h3>Insertion</h3>
- <p>The <span class="nonterminal">derivationByInsertionFromExpression</span> production encodes Insertion-into-collection predicates.</p>
-
<div class="grammar">
<span class="nonterminal">derivationByInsertionFromExpression</span> ::=
<span class="name">derivedByInsertionFrom</span>
@@ -1239,6 +1393,18 @@
</div>
<div class="anexample">
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+ derivedByInsertionFrom(id, c1, c, {("k1", v1), ("k2", v2)}, [])
+ </pre>
+<p> Here
+ <span class="name">id</span> is the optional insertion identifier,
+ <span class="name">c1</span> is the identifier for the collection after the insertion,
+ <span class="name">c</span> is the identifier for the collection before the insertion,
+ <span class="name"> {("k1", v1), ("k2", v2)}</span> is the set of key-value pairs that have been inserted in
+ <span class="name">c</span>,
+ and <span class="name">[]</span> is the optional (empty) set of attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
<pre class="codeexample">
derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c, {("k1", v1), ("k2", v2)})
derivedByInsertionFrom(c1, c, {("k1", v1)})
@@ -1252,8 +1418,6 @@
<section id="expression-collection-removal">
<h3>Removal</h3>
- <p>The <span class="nonterminal">derivationByRemovalFromExpression</span> production encodes Removal-from-collection predicates.</p>
-
<div class="grammar">
<span class="nonterminal">derivationByRemovalFromExpression</span> ::=
<span class="name">derivedByRemovalFrom</span>
@@ -1273,7 +1437,19 @@
</div>
<div class="anexample">
-<pre class="codeexample">
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+ derivedByRemovalFrom(id, c3, c, {"k1", "k3"}, [])
+ </pre>
+<p> Here
+ <span class="name">id</span> is the optional removal identifier,
+ <span class="name">c1</span> is the identifier for the collection after the removal,
+ <span class="name">c</span> is the identifier for the collection before the removal,
+ <span class="name"> {("k1", v1), ("k2", v2)}</span> is the set of key-value pairs that have been removed from
+ <span class="name">c</span>,
+ and <span class="name">[]</span> is the optional (empty) set of attributes. </p>
+ The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+ <pre class="codeexample">
derivedByRemovalFrom(c3, c1, {"k1", "k3"})
derivedByRemovalFrom(c3, c1, {"k1"})
derivedByRemovalFrom(c3, c1, {"k1", "k3"}, [])
@@ -1285,8 +1461,6 @@
<section id="expression-collection-membership">
<h3>Membership</h3>
- <p>The <span class="nonterminal">membershipExpression</span> production encodes collection Membership predicates.</p>
-
<div class="grammar">
<span class="nonterminal">membershipExpression</span> ::=
<span class="name">isMemberOf</span>
@@ -1305,6 +1479,18 @@
<div class="anexample">
+ <pre class="codeexample">
+ memberOf(mid, c, {("k4", v4), ("k5", v5)}, [])
+ </pre>
+<p> Here
+ <span class="name">mid</span> is the optional membership identifier,
+ <span class="name">c</span> is the identifier for the collection whose membership is stated,
+ <span class="name"> {("k4", v4), ("k5", v5)}</span> is the set of key-value pairs that are members of
+ <span class="name">c</span>,
+ and <span class="name">[]</span> is the optional (empty) set of attributes. </p>
+The remaining examples show cases where some of the optionals are omitted.
+
+
<pre class="codeexample">
memberOf(c3, {("k4", v4), ("k5", v5)})
memberOf(c3, {("k4", v4)})
@@ -1321,8 +1507,6 @@
<section id="expression-note">
<h4>Note</h4>
- <p>The <span class="nonterminal">noteExpression</span> production encodes Note predicates.</p>
-
<div class='grammar'>
<span class="nonterminal">noteExpression</span> ::=
<span class="name">note</span>
@@ -1344,8 +1528,6 @@
<section id="expression-annotation">
<h4>Annotation</h4>
- <p>The <span class="nonterminal">annotationExpression</span> production encodes Annotation predicates.</p>
-
<div class='grammar'>
<span class="nonterminal">annotationExpression</span> ::=
<span class="name">hasAnnotation</span>
@@ -1361,6 +1543,9 @@
<pre class="codeexample">
hasAnnotation(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,ex2:n1)
</pre>
+ Here
+ <span class="name">ex2:n1</span> is the identifier for a note of the entity identified by
+ <span class="name">(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215</span>.
</div>
@@ -1442,7 +1627,7 @@
<p>
A <dfn id="dfn-qualifiedName">qualified name</dfn> is a name subject to <a>namespace</a> interpretation. It consists of a <a>namespace</a>, denoted by an optional prefix, and a local name.
-PROV-DM stipulates that a qualified name can be mapped into an IRI
+The PROV data model stipulates that a qualified name can be mapped into an IRI
by concatenating the IRI associated with the prefix and the local part.
<p>A qualified name's prefix is OPTIONAL. If a prefix occurs in a
qualified name, it refers to a <a>namespace</a> declared in a namespace declaration. In the absence of prefix, the qualified name
@@ -1518,9 +1703,6 @@
<section id="expression-attribute">
<h4>Attribute</h4>
-
-<p>An attribute's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">attribute</span> production.</p>
-
<div class='grammar'>
<span class="nonterminal">attribute</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">qualifiedName</span><br/>
</div>
@@ -1532,6 +1714,7 @@
<li> <span class="name">prov:location</span>
<li> <span class="name">prov:role</span>
<li> <span class="name">prov:type</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:value</span>
</ol>
@@ -1544,8 +1727,6 @@
<section id="expression-literal">
<h4>Literal</h4>
-<p>A Literal's text matches the <span class="nonterminal">Literal</span> production.</p>
-
<div class='grammar'>
<span class="nonterminal">Literal</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">typedLiteral</span> | <span class="nonterminal">convenienceNotation</span> <br/>
<span class="nonterminal">typedLiteral</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">quotedString</span> <span class="name">%%</span> <span class="nonterminal">datatype</span><br/>
@@ -1606,7 +1787,7 @@
<p>The reserved type values in the PROV namespace are the following.</p>
<ol>
-<li> <span class="name">prov:AccountEntity</span>
+<li> <span class="name">prov:Account</span>
<li> <span class="name">prov:SoftwareAgent</span>
<li> <span class="name">prov:Person</span>
<li> <span class="name">prov:Organization</span>
@@ -1724,7 +1905,7 @@
<section id="account">
<h3>Account</h3>
-<p>PROV-DM has introduced a notion of account by which a set of provenance descriptions can be bundled up and named. PROV-DM <em>assumes</em> the existence of mechanisms to implement accounts, but such mechanisms remain outside its scope. It is suggested that specific serializations may offer solutions to name bundles of descriptions. </p>
+<p>The PROV data model has introduced a notion of account by which a set of provenance descriptions can be bundled up and named. The PROV data model <em>assumes</em> the existence of mechanisms to implement accounts, but such mechanisms remain outside its scope. It is suggested that specific serializations may offer solutions to name bundles of descriptions. </p>
<p>Given that the primary motivation for PROV-N is to provide a notation aimed at human consumption, it is therefore appropriate to introduce a notation for accounts, which would include an account name and a bundle of expressions.</p>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/model/working-copy/constraints-comments-PM.txt Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+General comments:
+
+much improved over the version before James' edits!
+
+1.
+
+I like the distinction:
+- constraints that define validity, and
+- inferences that express necessary conditions (if - then) and can be generative.
+- definitions,
+which is now crisp (to me): constraints do not add new provenance facts, inference rules (incl. definitions) do (please correct if my understanding is wrong).
+
+Indeed one problem we had was that the uniqueness constraint for example was stated in terms of inference, i.e.
+ wasGeneratedBy(e,a1) and wasGeneratedBy(e,a2) => a1 = a2.
+I am very pleased to see that it's gone away now.
+
+
+
+2.
+Is this an additional useful distinction?
+
+- deductive rules: no new data is created. ex.: closure over a transitive relation
+- generative rules:: new data is created. Ex.: new IDs for elements that are known to exist although they are not asserted in the provenance instance
+
+this has a bearing on implementations of rules based on a deductive model, for example, which does not generate new assertions.
+
+for instance hte attribution-implication inference would not be implemented (in general, unless you make up new information for the relations that you infer, these rules are not safe).
+
+3.
+I am blissfully ignorant of logic terminology, but is "entailment" essentially equivalent to "inference" here?
+
+---
+More specific comments:
+
+- 1.2: possibly reordering expressions -> I don't think there is an order to expressions? I always viewed it as a set (in fact, as an extensional DB)
+
+- sec 2 Def. of definition:
+
+defined_exp holds IF AND ONLY IF there exists a_1,..., a_m such that defining_exp_1 ... defining_exp_
+
+should we clarify that the consequent are a conjunction? i.e., when used as a sufficient condition to derive defined_exp, all of the defining_exp_i must hold.
+
+- 2.1: I have always been confused by the overloading of wasStartedBy, and wasStartedBy-definition reinforces that (unless this is a mistake that has alreasdy been spotted?) the different signature of wasStartedBy forces me to go and check definiitions, and then convince myself that it makes sense?
+
+- 2.2. "@@TODO: Could this be an inference? Does it imply that a1 is associated with all activities a2 is associated with?"
+
+I don't think so. Delegation should be on a per activity basis, right?
+
+
+- 2.3 "A revision needs to satisfy the following constraint"
+ should be inference? so it's not "satisfy", either.
+
+- 2.4 I think spec-transitive escapes the clean model I praise at the beginning :-)
+
+"For any entities e1, e2, IF specializationOf(e1,e2) and specializationOf(e2,e1) THEN e1 = e2."
+
+I think this can only be expressed as a constraint, because e1=e2 is undefined...
+so: specializationOf(e1,e2) and specializationOf(e2,e1) where e1 != e2 is invalid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
--- a/model/working-copy/wd5-prov-dm-constraints-revised.html Fri Apr 20 01:10:42 2012 +0100
+++ b/model/working-copy/wd5-prov-dm-constraints-revised.html Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html><head>
- <title>PROV-DM Part II: Constraints of the Provenance Data Model</title>
+ <title>Constraints of the Provenance Data Model</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<!--
=== NOTA BENE ===
@@ -38,12 +38,7 @@
"<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
"1924. "+
"URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
- "Lattices":
- "TODO"+
- "<a href=\"http://TODO\"><cite>TODO</cite></a>."+
- "YYYY. "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://TODO\">http://TODO</a>",
- "PROV-SEM":
+ "PROV-SEM":
"James Cheney "+
"<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
"2011, Work in progress. "+
@@ -86,11 +81,11 @@
specStatus: "ED",
// the specification's short name, as in http://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
- shortName: "prov-dm-constraints",
+ shortName: "prov-constraints",
// if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
// formal title, define it here
- subtitle : "Initial document for discussion, WD5",
+ subtitle : "WD5, being updated following internal review",
// if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
//publishDate: "2012-02-01",
@@ -160,15 +155,21 @@
<section id="abstract">
<p>
-PROV-DM, the PROV data model, is a data model for provenance that
-describes the entities, people and activities involved in producing a
-piece of data or thing. PROV-DM is structured in six components,
-dealing with: (1) entities and activities, and the time at which they
-were created, used, or ended; (2) agents bearing responsibility for activities; (3) derivations between entities; (4) properties to link entities that refer to a same thing; (5) collections of entities, whose provenance can itself be tracked; (6) a simple annotation mechanism.</p>
+PROV-DM, the PROV data model, is a data model for provenance that describes
+the entities, people and activities involved in
+producing a piece of data or thing.
+PROV-DM is structured in six components, dealing with:
+(1) entities and activities, and the time at which they were created, used, or ended;
+(2) agents bearing responsibility for entities that were generated and activities that happened;
+(3) derivations of entities from entities;
+(4) properties to link entities that refer to a same thing;
+(5) collections forming a logical structure for its members;
+(6) a simple annotation mechanism.
+</p>
<p> This document introduces a further set of concepts useful for
- understanding the PROV-DM data model and defines <i>inferences</i>
+ understanding the PROV data model and defines <i>inferences</i>
that are allowed on provenance descriptions and <i>validity
constraints</i> that well-structured provenance descriptions should
follow. These inferences and constraints are useful for readers who
@@ -179,36 +180,35 @@
<section id="sotd">
<h4>PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
-This document is part of the PROV family of specifications, a set of specifications aiming to define the various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
-interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. The specifications are as follows.
+This document is part of the PROV family of specifications, a set of specifications defining various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
+interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. The specifications are:
<ul>
-<li> PROV-DM, the PROV data model for provenance,</li>
-<li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS, a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model (this document),</li>
-<li> PROV-N, a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption,</li>
+<li> PROV-DM, the PROV data model for provenance;</li>
+<li> PROV-CONSTRAINTS, a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model (this document);</li>
+<li> PROV-N, a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption;</li>
<li> PROV-O, the PROV ontology, an OWL-RL ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF;</li>
<li> PROV-AQ, the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance; </li>
-<li> PROV-PRIMER, a primer for the PROV data model,</li>
-<li> PROV-SEM, a formal semantics for the PROV data model.</li>
+<li> PROV-PRIMER, a primer for the PROV data model;</li>
+<li> PROV-SEM, a formal semantics for the PROV data model;</li>
<li> PROV-XML, an XML schema for the PROV data model.</li>
</ul>
<h4>How to read the PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
<ul>
-<li>The primer is the entry point to PROV offering a pedagogical presentation of the provenance model.</li>
-<li>The Linked Data and Semantic Web community should focus on PROV-O defining PROV classes and properties specified in an OWL-RL ontology. For further details, PROV-DM and PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS specify the constraints applicable to the data model, and its interpretation. PROV-SEM provides a mathematical semantics.</li>
-<li>The XML community should focus on PROV-XML defining an XML schema for PROV-DM. Further details can also be found in PROV-DM, PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS, and PROV-SEM.</li>
-<li>Developers seeking to retrieve or publish provenance should focus of PROV-AQ.</li>
+<li>The primer is the entry point to PROV offering an introduction to the provenance model.</li>
+<li>The Linked Data and Semantic Web community should focus on PROV-O defining PROV classes and properties specified in an OWL-RL ontology. For further details, PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS specify the constraints applicable to the data model, and its interpretation. PROV-SEM provides a mathematical semantics.</li>
+<li>The XML community should focus on PROV-XML defining an XML schema for PROV-DM. Further details can also be found in PROV-DM, PROV-CONSTRAINTS, and PROV-SEM.</li>
+<li>Developers seeking to retrieve or publish provenance should focus on PROV-AQ.</li>
<li>Readers seeking to implement other PROV serializations
-should focus on PROV-DM and PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS. PROV-O, PROV-N, PROV-XML offer examples of mapping to RDF, text, and XML, respectively.</li>
+should focus on PROV-DM and PROV-CONSTRAINTS. PROV-O, PROV-N, PROV-XML offer examples of mapping to RDF, text, and XML, respectively.</li>
</ul>
-
-<h4>Fourth Public Working Draft</h4>
- <p>This is the fourth public release of the PROV-DM
+<h4>First Public Working Draft</h4>
+ <p>This is the first public release of the PROV-CONSTRAINTS
document. Following feedback, the Working Group has decided to
-reorganize this document substantially, separating the data model,
+reorganize the PROV-DM document substantially, separating the data model,
from its constraints, and the notation used to illustrate it. The
-PROV-DM release is synchronized with the release of the PROV-O,
-PROV-PRIMER, PROV-N, PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS documents.
+PROV-CONSTRAINTS release is synchronized with the release of the PROV-DM, PROV-O,
+PROV-PRIMER, and PROV-N documents.
</p>
</section>
@@ -219,58 +219,12 @@
<h2>Introduction<br>
</h2>
-<p> Provenance records describe the people, institutions,
+<p> Provenance is a record that describes the people, institutions,
entities, and activities, involved in producing, influencing, or
- delivering a piece of data or a thing. This document is part of a
- specification [[PROV-DM]] that defines a data model for
+ delivering a piece of data or a thing. This document complements
+ the PROV-DM specification [[PROV-DM]] that defines a data model for
provenance on the Web. </p>
-<!-- Commented out since seems redundant -- jcheney
-<div class="note"> Revise list to match SOTD. Seems redundant.
- </div>
-<p>This specification is one of several specifications, referred to as the PROV family of specifications, defining the various aspects
-that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable exchange of provenance:</p>
-<ul>
-<li>A data model for provenance, which is presented in three documents:
-<ul>
-<li> PROV-DM (part I): the provenance data model itself, expressed in natural language [[PROV-DM]];
-<li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS (part II): inferences and constraints on
- valid PROV-DM data (this document);
-<li> PROV-N (part III): a notation to express instances of that data model for human consumption [[PROV-N]];
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li>PROV-O: the PROV ontology, an OWL-RL ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF [[!PROV-O]];</li>
-<li>PROV-AQ: the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance [[PROV-AQ]];</li>
-<li>PROV-PRIMER: a primer for the PROV approach [[PROV-PRIMER]];</li>
-<li>PROV-SEM: semantics of the PROV-DM data model [[PROV-SEM]];</li>
-</ul>
-
-<div class="note">
- Revise this section to match the revised document structure.
- </div>
--->
-
- <!--
-<p>PROV-DM is essentially defined without any constraints
-[[PROV-DM]]. This document introduces a further set of concepts useful
-for understanding the rationale for the data model, defines inferences
-over PROV-DM data, and defines constraints that valid provenance descriptions should follow. </p>
-
-
-<p>In [[PROV-DM]], a data model for provenance has been defined
-without introducing any constraints on provenance. First we introduce and refine various PROV-DM concepts such as attributes, event, entity, entity, interval, accounts. Using these notions, we explore the constraints
-that the PROV-DM data model has to satisfy. </p>
-
-<p>Several types of constraints are specified.</p>
-<ul>
-<li>Definitional constraints are constraints directly following the definition of concepts in the PROV data model (<a href="#definitional-constraints">Section 4</a>). </li>
-<li>Account constraints have to be satisfied by provenance descriptions in the context of a given account (<a href="#account-constraints">Section 5</a>)</li>
-<li>Event ordering constraints provide a "temporal interpretation" for provenance descriptions (<a href="#interpretation">Section 6</a>)</li>
-<li>Structural constraints are further constraints to be satisfied by generation descriptions (<a href="#structural-constraints">Section 7</a>)</li>
-<li>Collection constraints are the constraints that hold for collections (<a href="#collection-constraints">Section 8</a>)</li>
-</ul>
-
--->
<section id="conventions">
@@ -289,19 +243,18 @@
<h3>Purpose of this document</h3>
-<p>
-PROV-DM specifies a data model for provenance (realizable using
-PROV-N, PROV-RDF, or PROV-XML). However, nothing in PROV-DM part 1
-forces such provenance data to be meaningful, that is, to correspond
-to a consistent history of objects and interactions. Furthermore,
-nothing in PROV-DM part 1 enables applications to perform standard
-inferences over provenance information.
-</p>
-
-<p> This document specifies <em>inferences</em> over PROV-DM data that
+<p> PROV-DM is a conceptual data model for provenance (realizable
+using different serializations such as PROV-N, PROV-O, or PROV-XML).
+However, nothing in the PROV-DM specification [[PROV-DM]] forces PROV
+descriptions to be meaningful, that is, to correspond to a consistent
+history of objects and interactions. Furthermore, nothing in the
+PROV-DM specification enables applications to perform inferences over
+provenance descriptions. </p>
+
+<p> This document specifies <em>inferences</em> over PROV descriptions that
applications MAY employ, including definitions of some provenance
-expressions in terms of others, and also defines a class of <em>valid</em>
-PROV-DM data by specifying <em>constraints</em> that valid PROV-DM data must
+descriptions in terms of others, and also defines a class of <em>valid</em>
+PROV descriptions by specifying <em>constraints</em> that valid PROV descriptions must
satisfy. Applications SHOULD produce valid provenance and
MAY reject provenance that is not valid in order to increase
the usefulness of provenance and reliability of applications that
@@ -313,24 +266,26 @@
class="sectionRef"></a>), and then
considers two kinds of validity constraints (<a href="#constraints"
class="sectionRef"></a>): <em>structural constraints</em> that
-prescribe properties of PROV-DM instances that can be checked directly
+prescribe properties of PROV descriptions that can be checked directly
by inspecting the syntax, and <em>event ordering</em> constraints that
-require that the records in a PROV-DM instance are consistent with a
+require that the records in a <a>PROV description</a> are consistent with a
sensible ordering of events relating the activities, entities and
agents involved. In separate sections we consider additional
constraints specific to collections and accounts (<a
href="#collection-constraints" class="sectionRef"></a> and <a
href="#account-constraints" class="sectionRef"></a>). </p>
+<div class="note">Question to James: The term 'PROV Instance' seems to have a precise meaning. I read this as a PROV Description Set. Should we define it? Every where it occurs, there is a link to its first occurrence.</div>
+
<p>
The specification also describes how the inferences, definitions, and
constraints should be used (<a href="#compliance"
-class="sectionRef"></a>). Briefly, a PROV-DM compliant application is
-allowed (but not required) to treat two PROV-DM instances as the same
+class="sectionRef"></a>). Briefly, a PROV compliant application is
+allowed (but not required) to treat two PROV descriptions the same
if they are equal after applying the inference rules and possibly
-reordering expressions, and we can define a canonical form for PROV-DM
-instances obtained by applying all possible inference rules. In
-addition, a validating PROV-DM application is required to check that
+reordering expressions, and we can define a canonical form for <a title="PROV instance">PROV
+instances</a> obtained by applying all possible inference rules. In
+addition, a validating PROV application is required to check that
the constraints are satisfied in (the normal form of) provenance data generated or consumed by the application.
</p>
@@ -347,7 +302,7 @@
<section id="audience">
<h3> Audience </h3>
-<p> The audience for PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS is the same as for PROV-DM: developers
+<p> The audience for this document is the same as for [[PROV-DM]]: developers
and users who wish to create, process, share or integrate provenance
records on the (Semantic) Web. Not all PROV-compliant applications
need to check validity when processing provenance, but many
@@ -370,64 +325,65 @@
<h2>Inferences and Definitions</h2>
<p>
-In this section we describe <a title="inference">inferences</a> and <a title="definition">definitions</a> that MAY be used on
+In this section, we describe <a title="inference">inferences</a> and <a title="definition">definitions</a> that MAY be used on
provenance data, and a notion of <a
-title="equivalence">equivalence</a> on PROV-DM instances.
+title="equivalence">equivalence</a> on PROV descriptions.
An <dfn id="inference">inference</dfn> is a rule that can be applied
- to PROV-DM to add new provenance expressions. A <dfn
+ to PROV descriptions to add new PROV expressions. A <dfn
id="definition">definition</dfn> is a rule that states that a
provenance expression is equivalent to some other expressions; thus,
defined provenance expressions can be replaced by their definitions,
and vice versa.
</p>
-<p> Inferences have the following general form:
+<p> Inferences have the following general form:</p>
<div class='inference' id='inference-example'>
- <span class='conditional'>IF</span> hyp_1 and ... and
-hyp_k <span class='conditional\'>THEN</span> there exists a_1,..., a_m such that conclusion_1 ... conclusion_n.
+ <span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">hyp_1</span> and ... and
+<span class="name">hyp_k</span> <span class='conditional'>THEN</span>
+ there exists <span class="name">a_1</span> and ... and <span
+ class="name">a_m</span> such that <span
+ class="name">conclusion_1</span> and ... and <span class="name">conclusion_n</span>.
</div>
-
- This means that if provenance expressions matching hyp_1... hyp_k
- can be found in a PROV-DM instance, we can add the expressions
- concl_1 ... concl_n to the instance, possibly after generating fresh
- identifiers a_1,...,a_m for unknown objects. These fresh
+
+<p>
+ This means that if all of the provenance expressions matching <span class="name">hyp_1</span>... <span class="name">hyp_k</span>
+ can be found in a PROV description, we can add all of the expressions
+ <span class="name">concl_1</span> ... <span class="name">concl_n</span> to the instance, possibly after generating fresh
+ identifiers <span class="name">a_1</span>,...,<span class="name">a_m</span> for unknown objects. These fresh
identifiers might later be found to be equal to known identifiers;
- they play a similar role in PROV-DM to existential variables in logic.
+ these fresh identifiers play a similar role in PROV descriptions to existential variables in logic.
</p>
<div class='note'>
TODO: Is this re-inventing blank nodes in PROV-DM, and do we want to
do this? A lot of the inferences have existentially quantified
conclusions (and there is some theory that supports this).
+
+ TODO: Make sure conjunctive reading of conclusion is clear.
</div>
-<p> Definitions have the following general form:
+<p> Definitions have the following general form:</p>
+
<div class='definition' id='definition-example'>
- defined_exp holds <span class='conditional\'>IF AND ONLY IF </span>
- there exists a_1,..., a_m such that defining_exp_1 ... defining_exp_n.
+ <span class="name">defined_exp</span> holds <span class='conditional'>IF AND ONLY IF </span>
+ there exists <span class="name">a_1</span>,..., <span
+ class="name">a_m</span> such that <span
+ class="name">defining_exp_1</span> and ... and <span class="name">defining_exp_n</span>.
</div>
-
+
+ <p>
This means that a provenance expression defined_exp is defined in
terms of other expressions. This can be viewed as a two-way
- inference: If defined_exp
- can be found in a PROV-DM instance, we can add the expressions
-defining_exp_1 ... defining_exp_n to the instance, possibly after generating fresh
- identifiers a_1,...,a_m for unknown objects. Conversely, if there
- exist identifiers a_1...a_m such that defining_exp_1
- ... defining_exp_n hold in the instance, we can add the defined
- expression def_exp. When an expression is defined in terms of
+ inference: If <span class="name">defined_exp</span>
+ can be found in a PROV description, we can add all of the expressions
+<span class="name">defining_exp_1</span> ... <span class="name">defining_exp_n</span> to the instance, possibly after generating fresh
+ identifiers <span class="name">a_1</span>,...,<span class="name">a_m</span> for unknown objects. Conversely, if there
+ exist identifiers <span class="name">a_1</span>...<span class="name">a_m</span> such that <span class="name">defining_exp_1</span>
+ and ... and <span class="name">defining_exp_n</span> hold in the instance, we can add the defined
+ expression <span class="name">def_exp</span>. When an expression is defined in terms of
others, it is in a sense redundant; it is safe to replace it with
its definition.
</p>
-<p>Applications that process provenance MAY use these definitions or
-inferences. Moreover, they SHOULD apply all applicable inferences
-before determining whether an instance of PROV-DM is <a
- title="valid">valid</a>. In particular, applications that generate
-provenance SHOULD check that the generated provenance is valid even if
-some of these inferences or definitions are applied to it by another
-application.
-</p>
-
<section>
@@ -440,18 +396,40 @@
<div class='definition' id='wasInformedBy-definition'>Given two activities identified by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>,
<span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span>
-holds <span class='conditional'>if and only if</span>
+holds <span class='conditional'>IF AND ONLY IF</span>
there is an entity with some identifier <span class="name">e</span> and some sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs1</span> and <span class="name">attrs2</span>,
such that <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(-,e,a1,-,attrs1)</span> and <span class="name">used(-,a2,e,-,attrs2)</span> hold.
</div>
+<p>The relationship <span class="name">wasInformedBy</span> is not
+transitive. Indeed, consider the following descriptions.</p>
+<pre class="codeexample">
+wasInformedBy(a2,a1)
+wasInformedBy(a3,a2)
+</pre>
+<p> We cannot infer <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a3,a1)</span> from these expressions. Indeed,
+from
+<span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span>, we know that there exists <span class="name">e1</span> such that <span class="name">e1</span> was generated by <span class="name">a1</span>
+and used by <span class="name">a2</span>. Likewise, from <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a3,a2)</span>, we know that there exists <span class="name">e2</span> such that <span
+class="name">e2</span> was generated by <span class="name">a2</span> and used by <span class="name">a3</span>. The following illustration shows a case for which transitivity cannot hold. The
+horizontal axis represents the event line. We see that <span class="name">e1</span> was generated after <span class="name">e2</span> was used. Furthermore, the illustration also shows that
+<span class="name">a3</span> completes before <span class="name">a1</span>. So it is impossible for <span class="name">a3</span> to have used an entity generated by <span
+class="name">a1</span>.</p>
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<img src="images/informedByNonTransitive.png" alt="non transitivity of wasInformedBy" />
+<figcaption>Counter-example for transitivity of wasInformedBy</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div>
+
<p>Start of <span class="name">a2</span> by activity <span
class="name">a1</span> is <a title="definition">defined</a> as follows.</p>
-<div class='definition' id='wasStartedBy-definition'>Given two activities with identifiers <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>,
- <span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,a1)</span>
-holds <span class='conditional'>if and only if</span>
+<div class='definition' id='wasStartedByActivity-definition'>Given two activities with identifiers <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>,
+ <span class="name">wasStartedByActivity(a2,a1)</span>
+holds <span class='conditional'>IF AND ONLY IF</span>
there exists an entity <span class="name">e</span>
such that
<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(-,e,a1,-,-)</span>
@@ -475,48 +453,83 @@
<span class='conditional'>If</span>
<span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e,ag)</span> holds for some identifiers
<span class="name">e</span> and <span class="name">ag</span>,
-<span class='conditional'>then</span> there exists an activity with some identifier <span class="name">a</span> such that the following statements hold:
+<span class='conditional'>THEN</span> there exists an activity with some identifier <span class="name">a</span> such that the following statements hold:
<pre>
activity(a, -, -,-)
-wasGeneratedBy(-,e, a, -)
+wasGeneratedBy(-,e, a, -,_)
wasAssociatedWith(-,a, ag, -, -)
</pre>
</div>
+<p> Responsibility relates agents where one agent acts on behalf of
+another, in the context of some activity. The supervising agent
+delegates some responsibility for part of the activity to the
+subordinate agent, while retaining some responsibility for the overall
+activity. </p>
+
+
<div class="note">
- There should probably be some inferences about responsibility/actedOnBehalfOf.
+ @@TODO: Could this be an inference? Does it imply that
+ a1 is associated with all activities a2 is associated with?
</div>
+
+
</section>
<section>
<h3>Component 3: Derivations</h3>
-<section>
-<h4>Derivation</h4>
- <p>A further inference is permitted from derivations with an explicit activity and no usage: </p>
+
+
+ <p>Derivations with an explicit activity and no usage admit the
+ following inference: </p>
<div class='inference' id='derivation-use'>
<p>Given an activity <span class="name">a</span>, entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>,
-<span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(-,e2,e1, a, -)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(-,e2,a,-,-)</span> hold, <span
-class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">used(-,a,e1,-,-)</span> also holds.
+<span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(-,e2,e1, a, -)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(-,e2,a,-,-)</span> hold, <span
+class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">used(-,a,e1,-,-)</span> also holds.
</div>
<p>This inference is justified by the fact that the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span> is generated by at most one activity in a given account
(see <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a>). Hence, this activity is also the one referred to by the usage of <span class="name">e1</span>.
</p>
+<div class="note">
+ There is some redundancy in the following discussion.
+ </div>
<p>The converse inference does not hold.
From <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> and <span class="name">used(a,e1,-)</span>, one cannot
derive <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,-)</span> because identifier <span class="name">e1</span> may occur in usages performed by many activities, which may have not generated the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span>.</p>
-
-</section>
-<section>
-<h4>Revision</h4>
-
-<p>A revision needs to satisfy the following constraint, linking the two entities by a derivation, and stating them to be a specialization of a third entity.</p>
+ <p>
+Note that derivation cannot in general be inferred from the existence
+of related usage and generation events. Indeed, when a generation <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(g, e2, a, -, attrs2)</span>
+<a>precedes</a> <span class="name">used(u, a, e1, -, attrs1)</span>, for
+some <span class="name">e1</span>, <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="name">attrs1</span>, <span class="name">attrs2</span>, and <span class="name">a</span>, one
+cannot infer derivation <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g, u)</span>
+or <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> since
+ <span class="name">e2</span> cannot possibly be derived from
+ <span class="name">e1</span>, given the creation of <span class="name">e2</span> <a>precedes</a> the use
+of <span class="name">e1</span>. That is, if <span class="name">e1</span> is generated
+by an activity before <span class="name">e2</span> is used, then
+obviously <span class="name">e2</span> cannot have been derived from
+<span class="name">e1</span>. However, even if <span
+class="name">e2</span> happens used before <span class="name">e1</span>
+is generated, it is not safe to assume that <span
+class="name">e2</span> was derived from <span class="name">e1</span>.
+</p>
+
+<p> Derivation is not defined to be transitive. Domain-specific specializations of derivation may be defined in such a way that the transitivity property
+holds.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<p>A revision admits the following inference, linking the two entities
+ by a derivation, and stating them to be alternates.</p>
<div class='inference' id='wasRevision'>
Given two identifiers <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span> identifying two entities, and an identifier <span class="name">ag</span> identifying an agent,
-<span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasRevisionOf(-,e2,e1,ag)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following
+<span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">wasRevisionOf(-,e2,e1,ag)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> the following
hold:
<pre>
wasDerivedFrom(-,e2,e1,-)
@@ -534,18 +547,16 @@
may satisfy <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> without being a variant of
each other.
</p>
-</section>
-
-<section>
-<h4>Quotation</h4>
-<div class="note">
+
+
+ <div class="note">
Motivation for quotation inference
</div>
<div class='inference' id='quotation-implication'>
-<span class='conditional'>If</span>
+<span class='conditional'>IF</span>
<span class="name">wasQuotedFrom(e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</span> holds for some identifiers
<span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="name">e1</span>, <span class="name">ag2</span>, <span class="name">ag1</span>,
-<span class='conditional'>then</span> the following hold:
+<span class='conditional'>THEN</span> the following hold:
<pre>
wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)
wasAttributedTo(e2,ag2)
@@ -555,13 +566,7 @@
<p>
-<div id="optional-attributes6">In a quotation of the form <span class="name">wasQuotedFrom(e2,e1,-,-,attrs)</span>, the absence of an agent means: either no agent exists, or an agent exists but it is not identified.</div>
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="term-traceability">
-<h3>Traceability</h3>
+
<p>Traceability allows an entity to be transitively linked to another entity it is derived from, to an agent it is attributed to, or another agent having some responsibility, or a trigger of an activity that generated it.</p>
@@ -573,23 +578,28 @@
the following statements hold:
<ol>
-<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1)</span> holds, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">g2</span>, <span
-class="name">u1</span>, <span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds.</li>
-<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also
+<li><span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1)</span> holds, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">g2</span>, <span
+class="name">u1</span>, <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds.</li>
+<li><span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also
holds.</li>
-<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e2,ag1,aAttr)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,ag1)</span> also holds.</li>
-<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e2,ag2,aAttr)</span>, <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr)</span>, and <span
+<li><span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span
+class="name">wasAttributedTo(e2,ag1,aAttr)</span> holds, <span
+class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span
+class="name">tracedTo(e2,ag1)</span> also holds.
+</li>
+<li>
+<span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e2,ag2,aAttr)</span>, <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(-,e2,a,-,gAttr)</span>, and <span
class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(ag2,ag1,a,rAttr)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">ag2</span>, <span class="name">ag1</span>, <span class="name">aAttr</span>, <span class="name">gAttr</span>, and <span class="name">rAttr</span>, <span
-class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,ag1)</span> also holds.</li>
-
-<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span
+class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,ag1)</span> also holds.</li>
+
+<li><span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span
class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr)</span> and <span
class="name">wasStartedBy(a,e1,sAttr)</span> hold, for some <span
class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">gAttr</span> , <span
class="name">sAttr</span> then <span
class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> holds.</li>
-<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e)</span> and <span class="name">tracedTo(e,e1)</span> hold for some <span class="name">e</span>, <span
-class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds.</li>
+<li><span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e)</span> and <span class="name">tracedTo(e,e1)</span> hold for some <span class="name">e</span>, <span
+class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds.</li>
</ol>
</div>
@@ -598,7 +608,6 @@
allow us to infer anything about the attributes of the related
entities, agents or events.
</p>
-</section>
</section>
@@ -607,11 +616,14 @@
<section>
<h3>Component 4: Alternate Entities</h3>
<div class="note">TODO: There is currently no consensus what inferences on
- alternate or specialization should be assumed.
- </div>
-
- The relation <span class='name'>alternateOf</span> is an equivalence relation: reflexive,
- transitive and symmetric.
+ alternate or specialization should be assumed. The following
+ section lists possible inferences that may or may not be adopted. Section is under review, pending ISSUE-29.
+</div>
+
+
+ <p>The relation <span class='name'>alternateOf</span> is an equivalence relation: <a>reflexive</a>,
+ <a>transitive</a> and <a>symmetric</a>.</p>
+
<div class='inference' id="alternate-reflexive">
For any entity <span class='name'>e</span>, we have <span class='name'>alternateOf(e,e)</span>.
</div>
@@ -619,76 +631,246 @@
<div class='inference' id="alternate-transitive">
For any entities <span class='name'>e1</span>, <span
- class='name'>e2</span>, <span class='name'>e3</span>, <span class="conditional">if</span> <span class='name'>alternateOf(e1,e2)</span> and
- <span class='name'>alternateOf(e2,e3)</span> <span class="conditional">then</span> <span class='name'>alternateOf(e1,e3)</span>.
+ class='name'>e2</span>, <span class='name'>e3</span>, <span class="conditional">IF</span> <span class='name'>alternateOf(e1,e2)</span> and
+ <span class='name'>alternateOf(e2,e3)</span> <span class="conditional">THEN</span> <span class='name'>alternateOf(e1,e3)</span>.
</div>
<div class='inference' id="alternate-symmetric">
- For any entity <span class='name'>e1</span>, <span class='name'>e2</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class='name'>alternateOf(e1,e2)</span> <span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class='name'>alternateOf(e2,e1)</span>.
+ For any entity <span class='name'>e1</span>, <span class='name'>e2</span>, <span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class='name'>alternateOf(e1,e2)</span> <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class='name'>alternateOf(e2,e1)</span>.
</div>
-Similarly, specialization is a partial order: it is reflexive and
- transitive.
+<p>Similarly, specialization is a partial order: it is <a>reflexive</a>,
+ <a>anti-symmetric</a> and
+ <a>transitive</a>.</p>
<div class='inference' id="specialization-reflexive">
For any entity <span class='name'>e</span>, we
have <span class='name'>specializationOf(e,e)</span>.
</div>
-
+<div class='inference' id="specialization-antisymmetric">
+ For any
+ entities <span class='name'>e1</span>, <span
+ class='name'>e2</span>,
+ <span class='conditional'>IF</span>
+ <span class='name'>specializationOf(e1,e2)</span>
+ and
+ <span class='name'>specializationOf(e2,e1)</span> <span
+ class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class='name'>e1 = e2</span>.
+ </div>
<div class='inference' id="specialization-transitive">
For any
- entities <span class='name'>e1</span>, <span class='name'>e2</span>, <span class='name'>e3</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class='name'>specializationOf(e1,e2)</span>
+ entities <span class='name'>e1</span>, <span class='name'>e2</span>, <span class='name'>e3</span>, <span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class='name'>specializationOf(e1,e2)</span>
and
- <span class='name'>specializationOf(e2,e3)</span> <span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class='name'>specializationOf(e1,e3)</span>.
+ <span class='name'>specializationOf(e2,e3)</span> <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class='name'>specializationOf(e1,e3)</span>.
</div>
- If one entity specializes another, then they are also alternates:
+ <p>Finally, if one entity specializes another, then they are also
+ alternates:</p>
+
<div class='inference' id="specialization-alternate">
- For any entities <span class='name'>e1</span>, <span class='name'>e2</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class='name'>specializationOf(e1,e2)</span> <span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class='name'>alternateOf(e1,e2)</span>.
+ For any entities <span class='name'>e1</span>, <span class='name'>e2</span>, <span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class='name'>specializationOf(e1,e2)</span> <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class='name'>alternateOf(e1,e2)</span>.
</div>
<div class="note">TODO: Possible inferences about attributes,
generation, invalidation?
</div>
+
+
+ <div class="note">
+ The following sections are retained from an older version, and are
+ not consistent with the above constraints. This will be revised
+ once the consensus on ISSUE-29 is clearer.
+ </div>
+ <section id="term-Specialization">
+<h3>Specialization</h3>
+
+
+<p>Specialization is <em>neither symmetric nor anti-symmetric</em>.
+</p>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-not-symmetric">
+"Alice's toyota car on fifth Avenue" is a specialization of "Alice's toyota car", but the converse does not hold.
+</div>
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-specialization-not-anti-symmetric">
+anti-symmetric counter-example???
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Specialization is <em>transitive</em>. Indeed if <span
+class="name">specializationOf(e1,e2)</span> holds, then there is some
+common thing, say <span class="name">T1-2</span> they both refer to,
+and <span class="name">e1</span> is a more specific aspect of this
+thing than <span class="name">e2</span>. Likewise, if <span
+class="name">specializationOf(e2,e3)</span> holds, then there is some
+common thing, say <span class="name">T2-3</span> they both refer to, and <span class="name">e2</span> is a more specific aspect of this
+thing than <span class="name">e3</span>. The things <span
+class="name">T1-2</span> and <span class="name">T2-3</span> are the
+same since <span class="name">e2</span> is an aspect of both of them,
+so <span
+class="name">specializationOf(e1,e3)</span> follows since <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e3</span>
+are aspects fo the same thing and <span class="name">e1</span> is more specific than <span class="name">e3</span>. </p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-specialization-is-transitive">
+A specialization of "this email message" would be, for example, the "printed version on my desk", which is a specialization of "my thoughts on this email thread". So, the "printed version on my desk" is also a specialization "my thoughts on this email thread".
+</div>
+
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="term-Alternate">
+<h3>Alternate</h3>
+</section>
+
+
+<p>Alternate not is <em>reflexive</em>. Indeed, <span class="name">alternate(e,e)</span> does not hold for any arbitrary entity <span class="name">e</span> since <span class="name">e</span> may not be a specialization of another entity.</p>
+
+
+<p>Alternate is <em>symmetric</em>. Indeed, if <span class="name">alternate(e1,e2)</span> holds,
+then there exists an unspecified entity <span class="name">e</span>, such that
+both <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span> are specialization of <span class="name">e</span>.
+Therefore, <span class="name">alternate(e2,e1)</span> also holds.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<p>Alternate is <em>not transitive</em>. Indeed, if <span class="name">alternate(e1,e2)</span> holds,
+then there exists an unspecified entity <span class="name">e1-2</span>, such that
+both <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span> are specialization of <span class="name">e1-2</span>.
+Likewise, if <span class="name">alternate(e2,e3)</span> holds,
+then there exists an unspecified entity <span class="name">e2-3</span>, such that
+both <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e3</span> are specialization of <span class="name">e2-3</span>.
+It does not imply that there is a common entity <span class="name">e1-3</span>
+that both <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e3</span> specialize.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="anexample" id="anexample-alternate-not-transitive1">
+<p>At 6pm, the customer in a chair is a woman in a red dress, who happens to be Alice. After she leaves, another customer arrives at 7pm, a man with glasses, who happens to be Bob. Transitivity does not hold since the <span class="name">womanInRedDress\</span> is not alternate of <span class="name">customerInChairAt7pm</span>.
+<pre>
+alternate(womanInRedDress,customerInChairAt6pm)
+specialization(customerInChairAt6pm,Alice)
+specialization(womanInRedDress,Alice)
+
+alternate(manWithGlasses,customerInChairAt7pm)
+specialization(customerInChairAt7pm,Bob)
+specialization(manWithGlasses,Bob)
+
+alternate(customerInChairAt6pm, customerInChairAt7pm)
+specialization(customerInChairAt6pm, customerInChair)
+specialization(customerInChairAt7pm, customerInChair)
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>The above example shows that <span class="name">customerInChairAt6pm</span> and <span class="name">customerInChairAt7pm</span> are two alternate entities that have no overlap, while <span class="name">womanInRedDress</span> and <span class="name">customerInChairAt6pm</span> do overlap.
+The following example illustrates another case of non-overlapping alternate entities.
+</p>
+
+<div class="anexample">Two copies of the same book, where copy A was destroyed before copy B was made.</div>
+
+
</section>
</section>
+
<section id="equivalence">
<h2>Equivalence</h2>
-For the purpose of checking inferences and constraints, we define a
-notion of <a>equivalence</a> of PROV-DM instances. Equivalence is
-defined as follows:
+
+ For the purpose of checking inferences and constraints, we define a
+notion of <a>equivalence</a> of PROV descriptions. Equivalence is
+has the following characteristics:
<ul>
+ <li>Missing attributes that are interpreted as omitted values are
+ handled by generating a fresh
+ identifier for the omitted value.
+ </li>
+ <li> Redundant expressions are merged according to uniqueness
+ constraints. </li>
<li>
- The order of provenance expressions is irrelevant to the meaning of a PROV-DM instance. That is, a
- PROV-DM instance is equivalent to any other instance obtained by
+ The order of provenance expressions is irrelevant to the meaning of a PROV description. That is, a
+ PROV description is equivalent to any other instance obtained by
permuting its expressions.
</li>
<li>
- Inference rules and definitions preserve equivalence. That is, a PROV-DM
- instance is equivalent to the instance obtained by applying any
+ Inference rules and definitions preserve equivalence. That is, a <a>PROV
+ instance</a> is equivalent to the instance obtained by applying any
inference rule.
</li>
<li>Equivalence is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive.</li>
</ul>
+ <section id="optional-attributes">
+ <h3>Optional Attributes</h3>
+
+<div class="note">
+ TODO: Clarify how optional attributes are handled; clarify merging. The following is
+ not very explicit about the difference between "not present" and
+ "omitted but inferred".
+ </div>
+<div id="optional-attributes1">PROV-DM allows for some attributes to
+ be optionally expressed. Unless otherwise specified, when an
+ optional attribute is not present in a description, some value
+ SHOULD be assumed to exist for this attribute, though it is not
+ known which.
+
+ The only exceptions are:
+ <ul>
+ <li><span id="optional-attributes2">Activities also allow for an
+ optional start time attribute. If both are specified, they MUST be
+ the same, as expressed by the following constraint.</span></li>
+ <li><span id="optional-attributes3">Activities also allow for an optional end time attribute. If both are specified, they MUST be the same, as expressed by the following constraint.</span></li>
+ <li>
+ <div id="optional-attributes6">In a quotation of the form <span class="name">wasQuotedFrom(e2,e1,-,-,attrs)</span>, the absence of an agent means: either no agent exists, or an agent exists but it is not identified.</div>
+</li>
+<li><div id="optional-attributes4">In an association of the form
+ <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a, ag, -, attr)</span>, the
+ absence of a plan means: either no plan exists, or a plan exists but
+ it is not identified.</div></li>
+ <li><div id="optional-attributes5">
+In an association of the form <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a, -, pl, attr)</span>, an agent exists but it is not identified.</div>
+</li>
+<li><div id="optional-activity">
+In a a delegation of the form <span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(a,
+ ag2, ag1, -, attr)</span>, the absence of an activity means that
+ <span class="name">a2</span> acts on behalf of <span
+ class="name">a1</span> for all activities with which <span
+ class="name">a2</span> is
+ associated.
+</div></li>
+ </ul>
+</div>
+
+</section>
+
+<section id="normalization">
+<h3>Normalization</h3>
+
+
<p>
-We define the <dfn>normal form</dfn> of a PROV-DM instance as the set
-of provenance expressions resulting from combining all of the
+We define the <dfn>normal form</dfn> of a PROV description as the set
+of provenance expressions resulting from merging all of the overlapping
expressions in the instance and applying all possible inference rules
-to this set. Formally, we say that two PROV-DM instances are
-<dfn>equivalent</dfn> if, after applying all applicable inference
-rules, they yield the same set of provenance expressions.
+to this set. Formally, we say that two PROV descriptions are
+<dfn>equivalent</dfn> if they have the same normal form (that is,
+after applying all possible inference rules, the two instances produce
+the same set of PROV-DM expressions.)
</p>
+<div class="note">
+ We should check that normal forms exist, i.e. that applying rules
+ and definitions eventually terminates. More clarity is needed about
+ enforcing uniqueness via merging vs. constraint checking.
+ </div>
+
<p> An application that processes PROV-DM data SHOULD handle
equivalent instances in the same way. (Common exceptions to this rule
include, for example, pretty printers that seek to preserve the
@@ -706,19 +888,18 @@
<p>
-This section defines a collection of constraints on instances of
- PROV-DM. An instance of PROV-DM is <dfn id="dfn-valid">valid</dfn>
+This section defines a collection of constraints on PROV descriptions. An PROV description is <dfn id="dfn-valid">valid</dfn>
if, after applying all possible inference and definition rules from
<a href="#inferences">Section 2</a>, the resulting instance
satisfies all of the constraints specified in this section.
- Applications that process PROV-DM data SHOULD check that the data
+ Applications that process PROV descriptions SHOULD check that the data
they generate is <a title="valid">valid</a> and MAY reject input
provenance data that is not <a title="valid">valid</a>.
</p>
<p> There are two kinds of constraints:
- <ul><li><em>uniqueness constraints</em> that say that a PROV-DM
- instance can contain at most one expression or that multiple
+ <ul><li><em>uniqueness constraints</em> that say that a <a>PROV
+ instance</a> can contain at most one expression or that multiple
expressions about the same objects need to have the same values (for
example, if we describe the same generation event twice, then the
two expressions should have the same times);
@@ -726,12 +907,34 @@
<li> and <em>event ordering constraints</em> that say that it
should be possible to arrange the
events (generation, usage, invalidation, start, end) described in a
- PROV-DM instance into a partial order that corresponds to a sensible
+ PROV description into a partial order that corresponds to a sensible
"history" (for example, an entity should not be generated after it
is used).
</li>
</ul>
+<p>The PROV data model is implicitly based on a notion of <dfn
+ id="dfn-event">instantaneous event</dfn>s (or just <a
+ title="instantaneous event">event</a>s), that mark
+transitions in the world. Events include generation, usage, or
+invalidation of entities, as well as starting or ending of activities. This
+notion of event is not first-class in the data model, but it is useful
+for explaining its other concepts and its semantics [[PROV-SEM]].
+Thus, events help justify <i>inferences</i> on provenance as well as
+<i>validity</i> constraints indicating when provenance is self-consistent. In <a href="#section-event-time" class="sectionRef"></a> we
+discuss the motivation for <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a>
+and their relationship to time in greater detail.</p>
+
+<p> PROV-DM
+identifies five kinds of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a>, namely <a>entity generation
+event</a>, <a>entity usage event</a>, <a>entity invalidation event</a>, <a>activity start event</a>
+and <a>activity end event</a>. PROV-DM adopts Lamport's clock
+assumptions [[CLOCK]] in the form of a reflexive, transitive partial order <a>follows</a>
+(and its inverse <a>precedes</a>) between <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a>. Furthermore,
+PROV-DM assumes the existence of a mapping from <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a> to time clocks,
+though the actual mapping is not in scope of this specification.</p>
+
+
<div class="note">
TODO: More about what it means for constraints to be satisfied;
constraint template(s)
@@ -739,19 +942,17 @@
<section id="structural-constraints">
<h3>Uniqueness Constraints</h3>
-<div class="note">
- TODO Merge material from <a href="#structural-constraints"
- class="sectionRef"></a> and <a href="#definitional-constraints" class="sectionRef"></a>.
- </div>
+
<div class="note">
Attribute uniqueness constraints?
</div>
<p> We assume that the various identified objects of PROV-DM have
- unique expressions describing them within a PROV-DM instance.
+ unique expressions describing them within a PROV description.
</p>
<div class='constraint' id='entity-unique'>
-<p>Given an entity identifier <span class="name">e</span>, there is at most oneexpression
+<p>Given an entity identifier <span class="name">e</span>, there is at
+ most one expression
<span class="name">entity(e,attrs)</span>, where <span
class="name">attrs</span> is some set of attribute-values.</p>
</div>
@@ -781,8 +982,8 @@
<div class='constraint' id='generation-uniqueness'>Given an entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span>, two activities denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span
class="name">a2</span>, two time instants <span class="name">t1</span> and <span
class="name">t2</span>, and two sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs1</span> and <span class="name">attrs2</span>,
-<span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id1, e, a1, t1, attrs1)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id2, e, a2, t2, attrs2)</span> exist,
-<span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">id1</span>=<span class="name">id2</span>, <span class="name">a1</span>=<span class="name">a2</span>, <span class="name">t1</span>=<span class="name">t2</span> and <span class="name">attrs1</span>=<span class="name">attrs2</span>.
+<span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id1, e, a1, t1, attrs1)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(id2, e, a2, t2, attrs2)</span> exist,
+<span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">id1</span>=<span class="name">id2</span>, <span class="name">a1</span>=<span class="name">a2</span>, <span class="name">t1</span>=<span class="name">t2</span> and <span class="name">attrs1</span>=<span class="name">attrs2</span>.
</div>
<div class="note">
@@ -801,43 +1002,27 @@
Given an entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span> and
two time instants <span class="name">t1</span> and <span
class="name">t2</span>,
-<span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e, -, t1)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e, -, t2)</span> hold, then <span class="name">t1</span>=<span class="name">t2</span>.
+<span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e, -, t1)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e, -, t2)</span> hold, <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">t1</span>=<span class="name">t2</span>.
</div>
-<p>An <a>activity start event</a> is the <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the instant an activity starts. It allows for an optional time attribute. <span id="optional-attributes2">Activities also allow for an optional start time attribute. If both are specified, they MUST be the same, as expressed by the following constraint.</span>
+<p>An <a>activity start event</a> is the <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the instant an activity starts. It allows for an optional time attribute. <span id="optional-start-time">Activities also allow for an optional start time attribute. If both are specified, they MUST be the same, as expressed by the following constraint.</span>
</p>
<div class='constraint' id='unique-startTime'>
-Given an activity <span class="name">activity(a,t1,t2,attrs1)</span> and its start <span class="name">wasStartedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs2)</span>, then <span class="name">t</span>=<span class="name">t1</span>.
+<span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span class="name">activity(a,t1,t2,-)</span> and <span class="name">wasStartedBy(id,a,e,t,-)</span>, <span class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">t</span>=<span class="name">t1</span>.
</div>
-<p>An <a>activity end event</a> is the <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the instant an activity ends. It allows for an optional time attribute. <span id="optional-attributes3">Activities also allow for an optional end time attribute. If both are specified, they MUST be the same, as expressed by the following constraint.</span>
+<p>An <a>activity end event</a> is the <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the instant an activity ends. It allows for an optional time attribute. <span id="optional-end-time">Activities also allow for an optional end time attribute. If both are specified, they MUST be the same, as expressed by the following constraint.</span>
</p>
<div class='constraint' id='unique-endTime'>
-Given an activity <span class="name">activity(a,t1,t2,attrs1)</span> and its end <span class="name">wasEndedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs2)</span>, then <span class="name">t</span>=<span class="name">t2</span>.
+<span class='conditional'>IF</span> <span
+ class="name">activity(a,t1,t2,-)</span> and <span
+ class="name">wasEndedBy(id,a,e,t,-)</span>, <span
+ class='conditional'>THEN</span> <span class="name">t</span> = <span class="name">t2</span>.
</div>
-<!--
-<div class='note'>TODO: Move this back to the place where it is first referenced.</div>
-<p>A further inference is permitted from derivations with an explicit activity and no usage: </p>
-<div class='inference' id='derivation-use'>
-<p>Given an activity <span class="name">a</span>, entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, and sets of attribute-value
-pairs <span class="name">dAttrs</span>, <span class="name">gAttrs</span>,
-<span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1, a, dAttrs)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,-,gAttrs)</span> hold, <span
-class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">used(a,e1,-,uAttrs)</span> also holds
-for some set of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">uAttrs</span>.
-</div>
-<p>This inference is justified by the fact that the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span> is generated by at most one activity
-(see <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a>). Hence, this activity is also the one referred to by the usage of <span class="name">e1</span>.
-</p>
-
-
-<p>We note that the converse inference, does not hold.
-From <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> and <span class="name">used(a,e1,-)</span>, one cannot
-derive <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,-)</span> because identifier <span class="name">e1</span> may occur in usages performed by many activities, which may have not generated the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span>.</p>
--->
</section> <!-- uniqueness-constraints-->
@@ -845,16 +1030,6 @@
<section id="event-ordering-constraints">
<h3>Event Ordering Constraints</h3>
-<p>Section <a href="#section-time-event">section-time-event</a>
-introduces a notion of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a>
-marking changes in the world, in its activities and entities. PROV-DM
-identifies five kinds of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a>, namely <a>entity generation
-event</a>, <a>entity usage event</a>, <a>entity invalidation event</a>, <a>activity start event</a>
-and <a>activity end event</a>. PROV-DM adopts Lamport's clock
-assumptions [[CLOCK]] in the form of a reflexive, transitive partial order <a>follows</a>
-(and its inverse <a>precedes</a>) between <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a>. Furthermore,
-PROV-DM assumes the existence of a mapping from <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a> to time clocks,
-though the actual mapping is not in scope of this specification.</p>
<p>Given that provenance consists of a description of past entities
and activities, <a>valid</a> provenance descriptions MUST
@@ -869,6 +1044,34 @@
set of instantaneous event ordering constraints. </p>
+<p>To allow for minimalistic clock assumptions, like Lamport
+[[CLOCK]], PROV-DM relies on a notion of relative ordering of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a>,
+without using physical clocks. This specification assumes that a partial order exists between <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a>.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>Specifically, <dfn id="dfn-precedes">precedes</dfn> is a partial
+order between <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a>. When we say
+<span class="name">e1</span> precedes <span class="name">e2</span>,
+this means that either the two events are equal or <span
+class="name">e1</span> happened before <span class="name">e2</span>.
+For symmetry, <dfn id="dfn-follows">follows</dfn> is defined as the
+inverse of <a title="precedes">precedes</a>; that is, when we say
+<span class="name">e1</span> follows <span class="name">e2</span>,
+this means that either the two events are equal or <span
+class="name">e1</span> happened after <span
+class="name">e2</span>. Both relations are partial orders, meaning
+that they are reflexive, transitive, and antisymmetric.</p>
+
+<div class="note"> Define reflexivity, transitivity
+and antisymmetry in glossary. Also, do we want to allow an event to
+ "precede" itself?
+</div>
+
+<div class="note">
+ The following discussion is unclear: what is being said here, and why?
+ </div>
+
<p>PROV-DM also allows for time observations to be inserted in
specific provenance descriptions, for each of the five kinds
of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a> introduced in this specification. The
@@ -892,13 +1095,25 @@
constraints are represented by triangles: an occurrence of a triangle between two <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> vertical dotted lines represents that the event denoted by the left
line precedes the event denoted by the right line.</p>
+
+
<div style="text-align: center;">
<figure>
-<figcaption id="constraint-summary">Summary of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints</figcaption>
-<img src="images/constraints.png" alt="constraints between events" />
+<figcaption id="ordering-activity-fig">Summary of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints for activities</figcaption>
+<img src="../images/ordering-activity.png" alt="constraints between events" />
</figure>
</div>
+<!-- Constraint template:
+<span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">blah</span>
+and
+<span class="name">blah</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">XX</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">YY</span>.
+-->
<section>
<h3>Activity constraints</h3>
@@ -914,58 +1129,123 @@
start and endpoints of its lifetime.
</p>
+<hr />
+
<p>The existence of an activity implies that the <a>activity start event</a> always <a>precedes</a> the corresponding <a>activity end
event</a>. This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (a) and expressed by constraint <a href="#start-precedes-end">start-precedes-end</a>.</p>
-<div class='constraint' id='start-precedes-end'>The
-<a title="activity start event">start event</a> of any
-activity <a>precedes</a> its <a title="activity end event">end event</a>.</div>
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-activity-fig">ordering-activity-fig</a> (a) and expressed by constraint <a href="#start-precedes-end">start-precedes-end</a>.</p>
+<div class='constraint' id='start-precedes-end'>
+<span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start,a,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasEndedBy(end,a,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">start</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">end</span>.
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+
<p>A usage implies ordering of <a title="instantaneous event">events</a>, since the <a title="entity usage event">usage event</a> had to occur during the associated activity. This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (c) and expressed by constraint <a href="#usage-within-activity">usage-within-activity</a>.</p>
-
-<div class='constraint' id='usage-within-activity'>Given an activity with identifier <span class="name">a</span>, an entity with identifier <span class="name">e</span>, a set
-of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs</span>, and optional time <span class="name">t</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span>
- <span class="name">used(a,e,attrs,t)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraint holds:
- the <a title="entity usage event">usage</a> of the entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity end event">end</a> of
-activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> and <a>follows</a> its <a title="activity start event">start</a>.
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-activity-fig">ordering-activity-fig</a> (b) and expressed by constraint <a href="#usage-within-activity">usage-within-activity</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='usage-within-activity'>
+<ol>
+ <li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">used(use,a,e,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start,a,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">start</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">use</span>.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">used(use,a,e,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasEndedBy(end,a,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">use</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">end</span>.
+ </li>
+ </ol>
</div>
+<hr />
<p>A generation implies ordering of <a title="instantaneous event">events</a>, since the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> had to occur during the associated activity. This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (d) and expressed by constraint <a href="#generation-within-activity">generation-within-activity</a>.</p>
-
-<div class='constraint' id='generation-within-activity'>Given an activity with identifier <span class="name">a</span>, an entity with identifier <span class="name">e</span>, a set
-of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs</span>, and optional time <span class="name">t</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span
-class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e,a,attrs,t)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraint also holds: the <a title="entity generation
-event">generation</a> of the entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity end event">end</a>
-of activity <span class="name">a</span> and <a>follows</a> the <a title="activity start event">start</a> of <span class="name">a</span>.
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-activity-fig">ordering-activity-fig</a> (c) and expressed by constraint <a href="#generation-within-activity">generation-within-activity</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='generation-within-activity'>
+ <ol>
+ <li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,a,e,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start,a,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">start</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">gen</span>.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,a,e,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasEndedBy(end,a,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">end</span>.
+ </li>
+ </ol>
</div>
+<hr />
+
<p>Communication between two activities <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span> also implies ordering of <a
title="instantaneous event">events</a>, since some entity must have been generated by the former and used by the latter, which implies that the start event of <span class="name">a1</span>
cannot follow the end event of <span class="name">a2</span>. This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (g) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasInformedBy-ordering">wasInformedBy-ordering</a>.</p>
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-activity-fig">ordering-activity-fig</a> (d) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasInformedBy-ordering">wasInformedBy-ordering</a>.</p>
<div class='constraint' id='wasInformedBy-ordering'>
-Given two activities denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span
-class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span>
- holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraint holds:
-the <a title="activity start event">start event</a> of the activity denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity end event">end event</a> of
-the activity denoted by <span class="name">a2</span>.
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start,a1,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasEndedBy(end,a2,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">start</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">end</span>.
+
</div>
+<hr />
+
<p>Start of <span class="name">a2</span> by activity <span class="name">a1</span> also implies ordering of <a
title="instantaneous event">events</a>, since <span class="name">a1</span> must have been active before <span class="name">a2</span> started. This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (h) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasStartedBy-ordering">wasStartedBy-ordering</a>.</p>
-
-
-<div class='constraint' id='wasStartedBy-ordering'>
-Given two activities denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span
-class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,a1)</span>
- holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraint holds: the
-<a title="activity start event">start</a> event of the activity denoted by <span class="name">a1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="activity start event">start event</a> of
-the activity denoted by <span class="name">a2</span>.
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-activity-fig">ordering-activity-fig</a> (e) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasStartedByActivity-ordering">wasStartedByActivity-ordering</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div class='constraint' id='wasStartedByActivity-ordering'>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasStartedByActivity(a2,a1)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start1,a1,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start2,a2,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">start1</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">start2</span>.
+
</div>
</section>
@@ -978,34 +1258,69 @@
can be used, revised, or other entities can be derived from them, and
finally are invalidated.
</p>
-</p>
+
+
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<figcaption id="ordering-entity-fig">Summary of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints for entities</figcaption>
+<img src="../images/ordering-entity.png" alt="ordering constraints for entities" />
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr />
+
<p>Generation of an entity precedes its invalidation. (This
follows from other constraints if the entity is used, but we state it
explicitly to cover the case of an entity that is generated and
invalidated without being used.)</p>
-<div class='constraint' id='generation-precedes-invalidation'>The <a
- title="entity generation event">generation</a> of an entity always
-<a>precedes</a> its <a title="entity invalidation event">invalidation</a>.
+<div class='constraint' id='generation-precedes-invalidation'>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,e,_,_)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,e,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">inv</span>.
</div>
+<hr />
<p> A usage and a generation for a given entity implies ordering of <a title="instantaneous event">events</a>, since the <a title="entity generation
event">generation event</a> had to precede the <a title="entity usage event">usage event</a>. This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (b) and expressed by constraint <a href="#generation-precedes-usage">generation-precedes-usage</a>.</p>
-
-<div class='constraint' id='generation-precedes-usage'>The <a title="entity generation event">generation</a> of an entity always
-<a>precedes</a> any of its <a title="entity usage event">usages</a>.
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-entity-fig">ordering-entity-fig</a> (a) and expressed by constraint <a href="#generation-precedes-usage">generation-precedes-usage</a>.</p>
+
+<div class='constraint' id='generation-precedes-usage'>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,e,_,_)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">used(use,_,e,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">use</span>.
</div>
+<hr />
<p>All usages of an entity precede its invalidation, which is captured by constraint <a href="#usage-precedes-invalidation">usage-precedes-invalidation</a> (without any explicit graphical representation).</p>
-<div class='constraint' id='usage-precedes-invalidation'>Any <a title="entity usage event">usage</a> of an entity always
-<a>precedes</a> its <a title="entity invalidation event">invalidation</a>.
+<div class='constraint' id='usage-precedes-invalidation'>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">used(use,_,e,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,e,_,_)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">use</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">inv</span>.
</div>
+<hr />
@@ -1017,32 +1332,38 @@
First, we consider derivations, where the activity and usage are known. In that case, the <a title="entity usage event">usage</a> of <span class="name">e1</span> has to precede the <a title="entity generation
event">generation</a> of <span class="name">e2</span>.
This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (e) and expressed by constraint <a
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-entity-fig">ordering-entity-fig</a> (b) and expressed by constraint <a
href="#derivation-usage-generation-ordering">derivation-usage-generation-ordering</a>.</p>
-<div class='constraint' id='derivation-usage-generation-ordering'>Given an activity with identifier <span class="name">a</span>, entities with identifier <span
-class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, a generation identified by <span class="name">g2</span>, and a usage identified by <span class="name">u1</span>, <span
-class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1,attrs)</span>
- holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span>
-the following ordering constraint holds:
-the <a title="entity usage event">usage</a>
-of entity denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="entity generation event">generation</a> of
-the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span>.
+<div class='constraint' id='derivation-usage-generation-ordering'>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(d,e2,e1,a,g2,u1,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">u1</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">g2</span>.
+
</div>
+<hr />
<p>When the usage is unknown, a similar constraint exists, except that the constraint refers to its
generation event, as
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary">constraint-summary</a> (f) and expressed by constraint <a
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-entity-fig">ordering-entity-fig</a> (c) and expressed by constraint <a
href="#derivation-generation-generation-ordering">derivation-generation-generation-ordering</a>.</p>
-<div class='constraint' id='derivation-generation-generation-ordering'>
-Given two entities denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span
-class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1, attrs)</span>
- holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraint holds:
-the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> of the entity denoted by <span class="name">e1</span> <a>precedes</a> the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a>
-of
-the entity denoted by <span class="name">e2</span>.
+<div class='constraint'
+ id='derivation-generation-generation-ordering'>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,attrs)</span>
+ and
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen1,e1,_,_)</span>
+ and
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen2,e2,_,_)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen1</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">gen2</span>.
</div>
<p>Note that event ordering is between generations of <span class="name">e1</span>
@@ -1050,6 +1371,73 @@
which implies ordering ordering between the usage of <span class="name">e1</span> and
generation of <span class="name">e2</span>. </p>
+<hr />
+
+<p>The entity that triggered the start of an activity must exist before the activity starts.
+This is
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-entity-trigger-fig">ordering-entity-trigger-fig</a> (a) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasStartedBy-ordering">wasStartedBy-ordering</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div class='constraint' id='wasStartedBy-ordering'>
+ <ol>
+ <li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start,a,e,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,e,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">start</span>.
+ </li><li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start,a,e,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,e,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">start</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">inv</span>.
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+</div>
+<hr />
+
+<p> Similarly, the entity that triggered the end of an activity must exist before the activity ends, as illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-entity-trigger-fig">ordering-entity-trigger-fig</a> (b).</p>
+
+
+<div class='constraint' id='wasEndedBy-ordering'>
+ <ol>
+ <li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasEndedBy(end,a,e,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,e,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">end</span>.
+ </li><li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasEndedBy(end,a,e,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,e,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">end</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">inv</span>.
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+</div>
+
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+<figure>
+<figcaption id="ordering-entity-trigger-fig">Summary of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints for trigger entities</figcaption>
+<img src="../images/ordering-entity-trigger.png" alt="ordering constraints for trigger entities" />
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+
</section>
<section>
@@ -1061,95 +1449,105 @@
interactions such as starting, ending or association with an
activity, attribution, or delegation, and finally the agent is invalidated.
</p>
-<p>Further constraints associated with agents appear in Figure <a href="#constraint-summary2">constraint-summary2</a> and are discussed below.</p>
+<p>Further constraints associated with agents appear in Figure <a href="#ordering-agents">ordering-agents</a> and are discussed below.</p>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<figure>
-<figcaption id="constraint-summary2">Summary of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints (continued)</figcaption>
-<img src="../images/constraints2.png" alt="further constraints between events" />
+<figcaption id="ordering-agents">Summary of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> ordering constraints (continued)</figcaption>
+<img src="../images/ordering-agents.png" alt="ordering constraints for agents" />
</figure>
</div>
-
-<p>The agent that started an activity must exist before the activity starts.
-This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary2">constraint-summary2</a> (a) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasStartedBy-ordering">wasStartedBy-ordering</a>.</p>
-
-
-<div class='constraint' id='wasStartedBy-ordering'>
-Given an activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> and an entity
-denoted by <span class="name">e</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span
-class="name">wasStartedBy(a,e)</span>
- holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraints hold: the
-<a title="activity start event">start</a> event of the activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> <a>follows</a> the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> for entity <span class="name">e</span>, and
-<a>precedes</a> the invalidation event of
-the same entity.
-</div>
-
-<p> Similarly, if an agent is associated with an activity then the
-agent must exist before the activity starts and persist until the
-activity ends, as illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary2">constraint-summary2</a> (b).</p>
-
-
-<div class='constraint' id='wasEndedBy-ordering'>
-Given an activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> and an entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span
-class="name">wasEndedBy(a,e)</span>
- holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraints hold: the
-<a title="activity end event">end</a> event of the activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> <a>follows</a> the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> for entity <span class="name">e</span>, and
-<a>precedes</a> the invalidation event of
-the same entity.
-</div>
+<hr />
<p>An activity that was associated with an agent must have some overlap with the agent. The agent may be generated, or may only become associated with the activity, after the activity start: so, the agent is required to exist before the activity end. Likewise, the agent may be destructed, or may terminate its association with the activity, before the activity end: hence, the agent invalidation is required to happen after the activity start.
This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary2">constraint-summary2</a> (c) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasAssociatedWith-ordering">wasAssociatedWith-ordering</a>.</p>
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-agents">ordering-agents</a> (a) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasAssociatedWith-ordering">wasAssociatedWith-ordering</a>.</p>
<div class='constraint' id='wasAssociatedWith-ordering'>
-Given an activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span> and an agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span
-class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,ag)</span>
- holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraints hold: the
-<a title="activity start event">start</a> event of the activity denoted by <span class="name">a</span>
-precedes the invalidation event of
-the agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, and
- the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> for agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>
-<a>precedes</a> the activity <a title="activity end event">end</a> event.
+ <ol> <li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,ag)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasStartedBy(start,a,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,ag,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">start</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">inv</span>.
+ </li><li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a,ag)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,ag,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasEndedBy(end,a,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">end</span>.
+ </li>
+ </ol>
</div>
+<hr />
<p>An entity that was attributed to an agent must have some overlap
with the agent. The agent is required to exist before the entity
invalidation. Likewise, the entity generation must precede the agent destruction.
This is
-illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#constraint-summary2">constraint-summary2</a> (d) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasAttributedTo-ordering">wasAttributedTo-ordering</a>.</p>
+illustrated by Subfigure <a href="#ordering-agents">ordering-agents</a> (b) and expressed by constraint <a href="#wasAttributedTo-ordering">wasAttributedTo-ordering</a>.</p>
<div class='constraint' id='wasAttributedTo-ordering'>
-Given an entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span> and an agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span
-class="name">wasAttributedTo(e,ag)</span>
- holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraints hold: the
-<a title="entity generation event">generation</a> event of the entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span>
-precedes the invalidation event of
-the agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>, and
- the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> for agent denoted by <span class="name">ag</span>
-<a>precedes</a> the entity <a title="entity invalidation event">invalidation</a> event.
+ <ol> <li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e,ag)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,e,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,ag,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">inv</span>.
+ </li><li>
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e,ag)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,ag,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,e,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">inv</span>.
+ </li>
+ </ol>
</div>
+<hr />
+
<p>For responsibility, two agents need to have some overlap in their lifetime.</p>
<div class='constraint' id='actedOnBehalfOf-ordering'>
-Given two agents <span class="name">ag1</span> and <span class="name">ag2</span>, <span class='conditional'>if</span> <span
-class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(ag2,ag1)</span>
- holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> the following ordering constraints hold: the
-<a title="entity generation event">generation</a> event of the agent denoted by <span class="name">ag2</span>
-precedes the invalidation event of
-agent <span class="name">ag1</span>, and
- the <a title="entity generation event">generation event</a> for agent denoted by <span class="name">ag1</span>
-<a>precedes</a> <a title="entity invalidation event">invalidation</a> event for <span class="name">ag2</span>.
+ <span class="conditional">IF</span>
+<span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(ag2,ag1)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(gen,ag1,-,-)</span>
+and
+<span class="name">wasInvalidatedBy(inv,ag2,-,-)</span>
+<span class="conditional">THEN</span>
+<span class="name">gen</span>
+<a>precedes</a>
+<span class="name">inv</span>.
+
</div>
</section>
@@ -1160,12 +1558,16 @@
<section id="collection-constraints">
<h2>Collection Constraints</h2>
-
+<div class="note">
+ Work on collections and on these constraints is deferred until after
+ the next working draft, so this section may not be stable.
+ </div>
+
<p>Membership is a convenience notation, since it can be expressed in terms of an insertion into some collection. The membership definition is formalized by constraint <a href="#membership-as-insertion">membership-as-insertion</a>.</p>
<div class='definition' id='membership-as-insertion'>
<span class="name">memberOf(c, {(k1, v1), ...})</span> holds
-<span class='conditional'>if and only if</span> there exists a collection <span class="name">c0</span>, such that
+<span class='conditional'>IF AND ONLY IF</span> there exists a collection <span class="name">c0</span>, such that
<span class="name">derivedByInsertionFrom(c, c0, {(k1, v1), ...})</span>.
</div>
@@ -1341,10 +1743,6 @@
</div>
-->
-<p>
- <div class="structural-forward">
- See Section <a href="#structural-constraints">structural-constraints</a> for a structural constraint on accounts
- </div>
<p>In some cases, there may be a requirement for two different
@@ -1359,14 +1757,6 @@
</pre>
</div>
-<div class="note">
- Following text transplanted from structural constraints section.
- </div>
-
- <p>
-An account is said to be structurally well-formed if
-it satisfies the constraint <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a>. If an account is structurally well-formed, it supports the inference <a
-href="#derivation-use">derivation-use</a>.</p>
<div class='note'>
Since we are not specifying ways to take the union of two accounts,
@@ -1386,7 +1776,7 @@
<div class="note">
- Material transplanted from structural well-formedness constraints section.
+ Material transplanted from old structural well-formedness constraints section.
This example isn't very clear, since the sub-workflow-ness isn't
represented in the data. According to what was written above, we
@@ -1461,17 +1851,16 @@
<ul><li>When processing provenance obtained from another source, an
application MAY apply the inferences and definitions in <a
href="#inferences" class='sectionRef'></a>.</li>
- <li>An application SHOULD process <a>equivalent</a> PROV-DM
- instances in the same way, described in <a href="#equivalence" class="sectionRef"></a>
- <li>When determining whether a PROV-DM instance is <a>valid</a>, an
+ <li>An application SHOULD process <a>equivalent</a> PROV-DM instances in the same way, described in <a href="#equivalence" class="sectionRef"></a>
+ <li>When determining whether a PROV description is <a>valid</a>, an
application MUST check that all of the
constraints of <a href="#constraints" class="sectionRef"></a> are
satisfied on the <a>normal form</a> of the instance.</li>
<li> When producing provenance meant for other applications to
- use, the application SHOULD produce valid provenance. </li>
+ use, the application SHOULD produce <a>valid</a> provenance. </li>
</ul>
<div class="note">
- Should we specify a way for PROV-DM instances to say whether they
+ Should we specify a way for PROV descriptions to say whether they
are meant to be validated or not? Seems outside the scope of this document.
</div>
@@ -1481,7 +1870,15 @@
<section id='rationale' class="informative">
<h2>Rationale for inferences and constraints</h2>
-
+<div class="note"> This section collects all of the explanatory
+ material that I was not certain how to interpret as an unambiguous
+ inference or constraint. Some of these observations may need to be folded
+ into the explanatory text in respective sections (for example for
+ events,
+ accounts or collections).
+
+ Editing is also needed to decrease redundancy.
+ </div>
<section id='section-attributes'>
<h4>Entities and Attributes</h4>
@@ -1495,11 +1892,6 @@
</p>
<p>
-<!--From a provenance viewpoint, it is important to identify a
-<em>partial state</em> of something, i.e. something with some aspects
-that have been fixed, so that it becomes possible to express its
-provenance, and what causes that thing, with these specific
-aspects.-->
To describe the provenance of things that can change over
time, PROV-DM uses the concept of <i>entities</i> with fixed
attributes. From a provenance viewpoint, it is important to identify
@@ -1511,11 +1903,6 @@
thing with some associated partial state.
Attributes in PROV-DM are used to fix certain aspects of entities.</p>
-<!--<p>Attributes in PROV-DM describe some aspects of entities.
-Indeed, we previously defined
-entities as things one wants to provide provenance for;
-we refine this definition as follows, using attribute-values to describe entities' partial states, and linking them to the very existence of entities.</p>
--->
<p>
An <dfn>entity</dfn> is a thing one wants to provide provenance for
@@ -1530,8 +1917,7 @@
created and describe the entity's situation and (partial) state
during an entity's lifetime.</p>
-<p><!--An entity fixes some aspects of a thing and its situation in the
-world.-->
+<p>
A different entity (perhaps representing a different user or
system perspective) may fix other aspects of the same thing, and its provenance
may be different. Different entities that are aspects of the same
@@ -1539,12 +1925,6 @@
specialization and alternate can be used to link such entities.</p>
-<div class="note">
- The following statement should be put somewhere normative, ideally
- in PROV-DM itself, to clarify the rules about optional attributes.
- </div>
-
-<div id="optional-attributes1">PROV-DM allows for some attributes to be optionally expressed. Unless otherwise specified, when an optional attribute is not present in a description, some value SHOULD be assumed to exist for this attribute, though it is not known which. </div>
@@ -1582,15 +1962,89 @@
<p>
However, the attributes of entities have special meaning because they
are considered to be fixed aspects
-of underlying, changing things. This means, for example, that
-if two entities have overlapping lifetimes and they have some
-attributes in common, those attributes SHOULD match. </p>
+of underlying, changing things. This motivates constraints on
+<span class="name">alternateOf</span> and <span class="name">specializationOf</span> relating the attribute values of
+different entities.
+</p>
<div class="note">
- @@TODO:
-Constraints for this?
+ TODO:
+Constraints on alternateOf/specializationOf for this?
</div>
+
+ <div class="note">
+TODO: Further discussion of entities moved from the old "Definitional
+ constraints" section. Should merge with the surrounding
+ discussion to avoid repetition.
+ </div>
+<p>
+An <dfn>entity</dfn> is a thing one wants to provide provenance for
+and whose situation in the world is described by some attribute-value
+pairs. An entity's attribute-value pairs are established as part of
+the entity description and their values remain unchanged for the
+lifetime of the entity. An entity's attribute-value pairs are expected
+to describe the entity's situation and (partial) state during an
+entity's <a title="characterization interval">characterization interval</a>.</p>
+
+<p>If an entity's situation or state changes, this may result in its description being invalid, because one or more attribute-value pairs no longer hold. In that case, from the PROV viewpoint, there exists a new entity, which needs to be given a distinct identifier, and associated with the attribute-value pairs that reflect its new situation or state.</p>
+
+
+
+Further considerations:
+<ul>
+<li>In order to describe the provenance of something during an interval over which
+ relevant attributes of the thing are not fixed, it is required to
+ create multiple entities, each with its own identifier, <a
+ title="characterization interval">characterization interval</a>, and
+ fixed attributes, and express
+ dependencies between the various entities using events.
+ For example, if we want to describe the provenance of several
+ versions of a document, involving attributes such as authorship that
+ change over time, we need different entities for the versions linked
+ by appropriate generation, usage, revision, and invalidation events.
+</li>
+
+<li>There is no assumption that the set of attributes is complete, nor
+that the attributes are independent or orthogonal of each other.</li>
+<li>There is no assumption that the attributes of an entity uniquely
+identify it. Two different entities that are aspects of different
+things can have the same attributes.</li>
+<li>A <a title="characterization interval">characterization interval</a> may collapse into a single instant.</li>
+</ul>
+
</section>
+<section>
+<h3>Activities</h3>
+
+<div class="note">
+ TODO: Further discussion of activities moved from old "Definitional
+ constraints and inferences" section. Edit to avoid repeating information.
+</div>
+
+
+<p>An activity is delimited by its <a title="activity start event">start</a> and its <a title="activity end event">end</a> events; hence, it occurs over
+an interval delimited by two <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous
+events</a>. However, an activity record need not mention start or end time information, because they may not be known.
+An activity's attribute-value pairs are expected to describe the activity's situation during its interval, i.e. an interval between two instantaneous events, namely its <a title="activity start event">start</a> event and its <a title="activity end event">end</a> event.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>Further considerations:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>An activity is not an entity.
+Indeed, an entity exists in full at
+any point in its lifetime, persists during this
+interval, and preserves the characteristics that makes it
+identifiable. In contrast, an activity is something that occurs, happens,
+unfolds, or develops through time, but is typically not identifiable by
+the characteristics it exhibits at any point during its duration.
+This distinction is similar to the distinction between
+'continuant' and 'occurrent' in logic [[Logic]].</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+</section>
<section id="representation-term-assertion-inference">
@@ -1608,7 +2062,8 @@
<p>The data model is designed to capture activities that happened in the past, as opposed to activities
that may or will happen.
However, this distinction is not formally enforced.
-Therefore, all PROV-DM descriptions SHOULD be interpreted as what has happened, as opposed to what may or will happen.</p>
+Therefore, PROV-DM descriptions are intended to be interpreted as what
+has happened, as opposed to what may or will happen.</p>
@@ -1637,15 +2092,6 @@
<h4>Events and Time</h4>
-<p>The PROV-DM data model is implicitly based on a notion of <dfn
- id="dfn-event">instantaneous event</dfn>s (or just <a
- title="instantaneous event">event</a>s), that mark
-transitions in the world. Events include generation, usage, or
-invalidation of entities, as well as starting or ending of activities. This
-notion of event is not first-class in the data model, but it is useful
-for explaining its other concepts and its semantics [[PROV-SEM]].
-Thus, events help justify <i>inferences</i> on provenance as well as
-<i>validity</i> constraints indicating when provenance is self-consistent. </p>
<p>Time is critical in the context of provenance, since it can help corroborate provenance claims. For instance, if an entity is claimed to be obtained by transforming another, then the
@@ -1660,14 +2106,6 @@
designed to minimize assumptions about time. </p>
-<!--<p>Furthermore, consider two activities that started at the same time
-instant. Just by referring to that instant, we cannot distinguish
-which activity start we refer to. This is particularly relevant if we
-try to explain that the start of these activities had different
-reasons. We need to be able to refer to the start of an activity as a
-first class concept, so that we can talk about it and about its
-relation with respect to other similar starts. </p>
--->
<p>Hence, to talk about the constraints on valid PROV-DM data, we
refer to <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a> that correspond to interactions
@@ -1682,30 +2120,7 @@
<section id="event-ordering">
<h4>Event Ordering</h4>
-<p>To allow for minimalistic clock assumptions, like Lamport
-[[CLOCK]], PROV-DM relies on a notion of relative ordering of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a>,
-without using physical clocks. This specification assumes that a partial order exists between <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a>.
-</p>
-
-
-<p>Specifically, <dfn id="dfn-precedes">precedes</dfn> is a partial
-order between <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a>. When we say
-<span class="name">e1</span> precedes <span class="name">e2</span>,
-this means that either the two events are equal or <span
-class="name">e1</span> happened before <span class="name">e2</span>.
-For symmetry, <dfn id="dfn-follows">follows</dfn> is defined as the
-inverse of <a title="precedes">precedes</a>; that is, when we say
-<span class="name">e1</span> follows <span class="name">e2</span>,
-this means that either the two events are equal or <span
-class="name">e1</span> happened after <span
-class="name">e2</span>. Both relations are partial orders, meaning
-that they are reflexive, transitive, and antisymmetric
-[[Lattices]].</p>
-
-<div class="note"> Define reflexivity, transitivity
-and antisymmetry in glossary. Also, do we want to allow an event to
- "precede" itself?
-</div>
+
<div class="note">
The following paragraphs are unclear and need to be revised, to
@@ -1715,7 +2130,7 @@
then how can implementations check that event ordering constraints
are satisfied?
</div>
-<p> How such a partial order is implemented in practice is beyond the scope
+<p> How the <a>precedes</a> partial order is implemented in practice is beyond the scope
of this specification. This specification only assumes that
each <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> can be mapped to an instant in some form of
timeline. The actual mapping is not in scope of this
@@ -1748,7 +2163,6 @@
<section id="types-of-events">
<h4>Types of Events</h4>
-
<p>Five kinds of <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous events</a> are used
for the PROV-DM data model. The <strong>activity start</strong> and
<strong>activity end</strong> events delimit the beginning and the end
@@ -1766,12 +2180,17 @@
<p>An <dfn id="dfn-usage-event">entity usage event</dfn> is the <a
title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the first instant of
-an entity's consumption timespan by an activity.</p>
+an entity's consumption timespan by an activity. Before this instant
+the entity had not begun to be used by the activity.</p>
<p>An <dfn id="dfn-generation-event">entity generation event</dfn> is the <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the final instant of an entity's creation timespan, after which
-it is available for use.</p>
-
-<p>An <dfn id="dfn-invalidation-event">entity invalidation event</dfn> is the <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the initial instant of the destruction, invalidation, or cessation of an entity, after which the entity is no longer available for use.</p>
+it is available for use. The entity did not exist before this event.</p>
+
+<p>An <dfn id="dfn-invalidation-event">entity invalidation event</dfn>
+is the <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that
+marks the initial instant of the destruction, invalidation, or
+cessation of an entity, after which the entity is no longer available
+for use. The entity no longer exists after this event.</p>
</section>
@@ -1782,6 +2201,12 @@
<section id="account-section">
<h3>Account</h3>
+<div class="note">
+ Some of this discussion may belong in the account constraint section
+ as motivation, or as formal constraints/inferences. In particular,
+ the MUST, MAY, SHOULD statements should be clarified and put into
+ the normative section.
+ </div>
<p>It is common for multiple provenance records to co-exist. For
instance, when emailing a file, there could be a provenance record
@@ -1820,7 +2245,10 @@
</div>
<p>
-There is no construct in PROV-DM to create such bundles of descriptions. Instead, it is assumed that some mechanism, outside PROV-DM can create them. However, from a provenance viewpoint, such accounts are things we may want to describe the provenance of. In order to be able to do so, we need to see accounts as entities, whose origin can be described using PROV-DM vocabulary. Thus, PROV-DM introduces the reserved type <span class="name">Account</span>.
+There is no construct in PROV-DM to create such bundles of
+descriptions. Instead, it is assumed that some mechanism, outside
+PROV-DM can create them. However, from a provenance viewpoint, such
+accounts are things whose provenance we may want to describe. In order to be able to do so, we need to see accounts as entities, whose origin can be described using PROV-DM vocabulary. Thus, PROV-DM introduces the reserved type <span class="name">Account</span>.
</p>
</section>
@@ -1828,657 +2256,6 @@
-<section id="definitional-constraints">
-<h2>[OLD] Definitional constraints and inferences</h2>
-
-<div class="Note">
- This material is out of date. All constraints from it have been
- moved to the main body.</div>
-
-
- <section id="component1">
-<h3>Component 1: Entities and Activities</h3>
-
- <section id="term-Entity">
-
-<h4>Entity</h4>
-
-
-<p>
-An <dfn>entity</dfn> is a thing one wants to provide provenance for
-and whose situation in the world is described by some attribute-value
-pairs. An entity's attribute-value pairs are established as part of
-the entity description and their values remain unchanged for the
-lifetime of the entity. An entity's attribute-value pairs are expected
-to describe the entity's situation and (partial) state during an
-entity's <a title="characterization interval">characterization interval</a>.</p>
-
-<p>If an entity's situation or state changes, this may result in its description being invalid, because one or more attribute-value pairs no longer hold. In that case, from the PROV viewpoint, there exists a new entity, which needs to be given a distinct identifier, and associated with the attribute-value pairs that reflect its new situation or state.</p>
-
-
-
-Further considerations:
-<ul>
-<li>In order to describe the provenance of something during an interval over which
- relevant attributes of the thing are not fixed, it is required to
- create multiple entities, each with its own identifier, <a
- title="characterization interval">characterization interval</a>, and
- fixed attributes, and express
- dependencies between the various entities using events.
- For example, if we want to describe the provenance of several
- versions of a document, involving attributes such as authorship that
- change over time, we need different entities for the versions linked
- by appropriate generation, usage, revision, and invalidation events.
-</li>
-
-<li>There is no assumption that the set of attributes is complete, nor
-that the attributes are independent or orthogonal of each other.</li>
-<li>There is no assumption that the attributes of an entity uniquely
-identify it. Two different entities that are aspects of different
-things can have the same attributes.</li>
-<li>A <a title="characterization interval">characterization interval</a> may collapse into a single instant.</li>
-</ul>
-
-
-<div class="interpretation-forward">
-For the interpretation of an entity, see <a href="#usage-precedes-invalidation">usage-precedes-invalidation</a>.
-</div>
-
-
-
-</section>
-
- <section id="term-Activity">
-
-<h3>Activity</h3>
-
-
-
-<p>An activity is delimited by its <a title="activity start event">start</a> and its <a title="activity end event">end</a> events; hence, it occurs over
-an interval delimited by two <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous
-events</a>. However, an activity record need not mention start or end time information, because they may not be known.
-An activity's attribute-value pairs are expected to describe the activity's situation during its interval, i.e. an interval between two instantaneous events, namely its <a title="activity start event">start</a> event and its <a title="activity end event">end</a> event.
-</p>
-
-<div class="interpretation-forward">
-For the interpretation of an activity, see <a href="#start-precedes-end">start-precedes-end</a>.
-</div>
-
-<p>Further considerations:</p>
-<ul>
-<li>An activity is not an entity.
-Indeed, an entity exists in full at
-any point in its lifetime, persists during this
-interval, and preserves the characteristics that makes it
-identifiable. In contrast, an activity is something that occurs, happens,
-unfolds, or develops through time, but is typically not identifiable by
-the characteristics it exhibits at any point during its duration.
-This distinction is similar to the distinction between
-'continuant' and 'occurrent' in logic [[Logic]].</li>
-</ul>
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-Generation">
-<h4>Generation</h4>
-<div class="note">
- ISSUE-346 (BLOCKING): Distinction between constraints,
- interpretations, inferences not clear and hard to follow in text
- here.
-
- Navigation links among constraints, inferences, and definitions are
- broken or confusing. Section to be reorganized.
- </div>
-
-<p>A <dfn id="dfn-Generation">generation</dfn> is an <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a>, the completed creation of a new
-entity by an activity. This entity becomes available for usage after this <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous
-event</a>. This entity did not exist before creation.
-Generation events can have attributes that describe how the entity was
-generated by the activity..</p>
-
-
-
-
-<p>
-A generation's identifier is OPTIONAL. It MUST be used when annotating generations or when defining
-derivations (see <a href="#Derivation-Relation">Derivation</a>).
-</p>
-
-
-<div class="interpretation-forward">
-For the interpretation of a generation, see <a href="#generation-within-activity">generation-within-activity</a>.
-</div>
-
-
-<p>A generation can be used to indicate a generation time without having to specify the involved activity. A generation time is unique, as specified by the following constraint.<p>
-
-<div class='constraint' id='unique-generation-time'>
-Given an entity denoted by <span class="name">e</span> and
-two time instants <span class="name">t1</span> and <span
-class="name">t2</span>,
-<span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e, -, t1)</span> and <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e, -, t2)</span> hold, then <span class="name">t1</span>=<span class="name">t2</span>.
-</div>
-
-<p></p>
-<div class="structural-forward">
-See <a href="#generation-uniqueness">generation-uniqueness</a> for further structural constraints on generations.
-</div>
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="term-Usage">
-<h3>Usage</h3>
-
-
-
-<p>A <dfn id="dfn-Use">usage</dfn> is an <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a>: an activity beginning to consume an entity.
-Before this event, the activity had not begun to consume or use to this entity.
- The description includes the modalities of usage of this entity by this activity.</p>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<p>
-A usage identifier is OPTIONAL. It MUST be present when annotating usages or when defining derivations (see
-<a href="#Derivation-Relation">Derivation</a>).</p>
-
-<p>
-A reference to a given entity MAY appear in multiple usages for a given activity identifier.
-</p>
-
-
-<div class="interpretation-forward">
-For the interpretation of a usage, see <a href="#generation-precedes-usage">generation-precedes-usage</a> and <a href="#usage-within-activity">usage-within-activity</a>.
-</div>
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-Start">
-<h3>Start</h3>
-
-
-<p>An <a>activity start event</a> is the <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the instant an activity starts. It allows for an optional time attribute. <span id="optional-attributes2">Activities also allow for an optional start time attribute. If both are specified, they MUST be the same, as expressed by the following constraint.</span>
-</p>
-
-<div class='constraint' id='unique-startTime'>
-Given an activity <span class="name">activity(a,t1,t2,attrs1)</span> and its start <span class="name">wasStartedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs2)</span>, then <span class="name">t</span>=<span class="name">t1</span>.
-</div>
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-End">
-<h3>End</h3>
-
-
-<p>An <a>activity end event</a> is the <a title="instantaneous event">instantaneous event</a> that marks the instant an activity ends. It allows for an optional time attribute. <span id="optional-attributes3">Activities also allow for an optional end time attribute. If both are specified, they MUST be the same, as expressed by the following constraint.</span>
-</p>
-
-<div class='constraint' id='unique-endTime'>
-Given an activity <span class="name">activity(a,t1,t2,attrs1)</span> and its end <span class="name">wasEndedBy(id,a,e,t,attrs2)</span>, then <span class="name">t</span>=<span class="name">t2</span>.
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-<section id="term-Communication">
-<h3>Communication</h3>
-
-
-
-<p>Communication is formally defined as follows.</p>
-
-<div class='definition' id='wasInformedBy-Definition'>Given two activities identified by <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>,
- <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span>
-holds, <span class='conditional'>if and only if</span>
- there is an entity with some identifier <span class="name">e</span> and some sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs1</span> and <span class="name">attrs2</span>,
-such that <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(-,e,a1,-,attrs1)</span> and <span class="name">used(-,a2,e,-,attrs2)</span> hold.
-</div>
-
-
-<p>
-<div class="interpretation-forward">
-For the constraints on ordering of communication events, see <a href="#wasInformedBy-ordering">wasInformedBy-ordering</a>.
-</div>
-
-
-<p>The relationship <span class="name">wasInformedBy</span> is not transitive. Indeed, consider the following descriptions.</p>
-<pre class="codeexample">
-wasInformedBy(a2,a1)
-wasInformedBy(a3,a2)
-</pre>
-<p> We cannot infer <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a3,a1)</span> from these expressions. Indeed,
-from
-<span class="name">wasInformedBy(a2,a1)</span>, we know that there exists <span class="name">e1</span> such that <span class="name">e1</span> was generated by <span class="name">a1</span>
-and used by <span class="name">a2</span>. Likewise, from <span class="name">wasInformedBy(a3,a2)</span>, we know that there exists <span class="name">e2</span> such that <span
-class="name">e2</span> was generated by <span class="name">a2</span> and used by <span class="name">a3</span>. The following illustration shows a case for which transitivity cannot hold. The
-horizontal axis represents the event line. We see that <span class="name">e1</span> was generated after <span class="name">e2</span> was used. Furthermore, the illustration also shows that
-<span class="name">a3</span> completes before <span class="name">a1</span>. So it is impossible for <span class="name">a3</span> to have used an entity generated by <span
-class="name">a1</span>.</p>
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
-<figure>
-<img src="images/informedByNonTransitive.png" alt="non transitivity of wasInformedBy" />
-<figcaption>Counter-example for transitivity of wasInformedBy</figcaption>
-</figure>
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-<section id="term-StartByActivity">
-<h3>Start by Activity</h3>
-</section>
-
-
-<p>Start of <span class="name">a2</span> by activity <span class="name">a1</span> is specified as follows.</p>
-
-<div class='definition' id='wasStartedBy'>Given two activities with identifiers <span class="name">a1</span> and <span class="name">a2</span>,
- <span class="name">wasStartedBy(a2,a1)</span>
-holds <span class='conditional'>if and only if</span>
- there exist an entity with some identifier <span class="name">e</span>
-and some attributes <span class="name">gAttr</span> and <span class="name">sAttr</span>,
-such that
- <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(-,e,a1,-,gAttr)</span>
- and <span class="name">wasStartedBy(-,a2,e,-,sAttr)</span> hold.
-</div>
-
-
-<p>
-
-<div class="interpretation-forward">
-For constraints on ordering of start events, see <a href="#wasStartedBy-ordering">wasStartedBy-ordering</a>.
-</div>
-
-
-
- </section>
-
-
-
- <section id="component2">
-<h3>Component 2: Agents and Responsibility</h3>
-
-
-<section id="term-attribution">
-<h3>Attribution</h3>
-
-Attribution identifies an agent as responsible for an entity. An
-agent can only be responsible for an entity if it was associated with
-an activity that generated the entity. If the activity, generation
-and association events are not explicit in the description, they can
-be inferred.
-
-<div class='inference' id='attribution-implication'>
-<span class='conditional'>If</span>
-<span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e,ag)</span> holds for some identifiers
-<span class="name">e</span> and <span class="name">ag</span>,
-<span class='conditional'>then</span> there exists an activity with some identifier <span class="name">a</span> such that the following statements hold:
-<pre>
-activity(a, t1, t2, attr1)
-wasGeneratedBy(-,e, a, -)
-wasAssociatedWith(-,a, ag, -, attr2)
-</pre>
-for some sets of attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attr1</span>
- and <span class="name">attr2</span>, and times <span class="name">t1</span> and <span class="name">t2</span>.
-</div>
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-<section id="term-Association">
-<h4>Association</h4>
-
-<p>
-An association relates an agent to an activity for which the agent had
-some responsibility. Associations can mention a <em>plan</em> that
-describes how the agent expected to participate. The plan may or may
-not have been followed; PROV-DM does not constrain the plan in any
-way. Additional attributes can be used to describe how the agent
-participated, for example to name a role or indicate when the agent
-was associated with a long-running activity.
-</p>
-<div id="optional-attributes4">
-<p>In an association of the form <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a, ag, -, attr)</span>, the absence of a plan means: either no plan exists, or a plan exists but it is not identified.</p>
-
-
-<p>In an association of the form <span class="name">wasAssociatedWith(a, -, pl, attr)</span>, an agent exists but it is not identified.</p>
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="interpretation-forward">
-For the interpretation of an association, see <a href="#wasAssociatedWith-ordering">wasAssociatedWith-ordering</a>.
-</div>
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-Responsibility">
-<h3>Responsibility</h3>
-</section>
-
-<p> Responsibility relates agents where one agent acts on behalf of
-another, in the context of some activity. The supervising agent
-delegates some responsibility for part of the activity to the
-subordinate agent, while retaining some responsibility for the overall
-activity. </p>
-
-<div id="optional-activity">
-<p>In a a delegation of the form <span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(a,
- ag2, ag1, -, attr)</span>, the absence of an activity means that
- <span class="name">a2</span> acts on behalf of <span
- class="name">a1</span> for all activities with which <span
- class="name">a2</span> is
- associated.
-</div>
-<div class="note">
- @@TODO: Could this be an inference? Does it imply that
- a1 is associated with all activities a2 is associated with?
- </div></p>
-
-<div class="interpretation-forward">
-For the interpretation of responsibility, see <a href="#actedOnBehalfOf-ordering">actedOnBehalfOf-ordering</a>.
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-
- <section id="component3">
-<h3>Component 3: Derivations</h3>
-
-
-
-
-<section id="Derivation-Relation">
-<h4>Derivation</h4>
-
-<div class="interpretation-forward">
-For the interpretation of a derivation, see <a href="#derivation-usage-generation-ordering">derivation-usage-generation-ordering</a> and <a
-href="#derivation-generation-generation-ordering">derivation-generation-generation-ordering</a>
-</div>
-
-
-<p>
-Note that derivation cannot in general be inferred from the existence
-of related usage and generation events. Indeed, when a generation <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(g, e2, a, -, attrs2)</span>
-<a>precedes</a> <span class="name">used(u, a, e1, -, attrs1)</span>, for
-some <span class="name">e1</span>, <span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="name">attrs1</span>, <span class="name">attrs2</span>, and <span class="name">a</span>, one
-cannot infer derivation <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1, a, g, u)</span>
-or <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> since
- <span class="name">e2</span> cannot possibly be derived from
- <span class="name">e1</span>, given the creation of <span class="name">e2</span> <a>precedes</a> the use
-of <span class="name">e1</span>. That is, if <span class="name">e1</span> is generated
-by an activity before <span class="name">e2</span> is used, then
-obviously <span class="name">e2</span> cannot have been derived from
-<span class="name">e1</span>. However, even if <span
-class="name">e2</span> happens used before <span class="name">e1</span>
-is generated, it is not safe to assume that <span
-class="name">e2</span> was derived from <span class="name">e1</span>.
-</p>
-
-<p> Derivation is not defined to be transitive. Domain-specific specializations of derivation may be defined in such a way that the transitivity property
-holds.</p>
-
-
-
-<p></p>
-<div class="structural-forward">
-See <a href="#derivation-use">derivation-use</a> for a structural constraint on derivations.
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-Revision">
-<h3>Revision</h3>
-
-
-
-<p>A revision needs to satisfy the following constraint, linking the two entities by a derivation, and stating them to be a specialization of a third entity.</p>
-
-<div class='inference' id='wasRevision'>
-Given two identifiers <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span> identifying two entities, and an identifier <span class="name">ag</span> identifying an agent,
-<span class='conditional'>if</span> <span class="name">wasRevisionOf(e2,e1,ag)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span>
-there exists an entity with some identifier <span class="name">e</span> and some attribute-values <span class="name">eAttrs</span>, <span class="name">dAttrs</span>, such that the following
-hold:
-<pre>
-wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,dAttrs)
-entity(e,eAttrs)
-specializationOf(e2,e)
-specializationOf(e1,e)
-wasAttributedTo(e2,ag)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-<p>
-<div id="optional-attributes5">In a revision of the form <span class="name">wasRevisionOf(e2,e1,-,attr)</span>, the absence of an agent means: either no agent exists, or an agent exists but it is not identified.</div>
-
-
-<p><span class="name">wasRevisionOf</span> is a strict sub-relation
- of <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom</span> since two entities <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span>
- may satisfy <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> without being a variant of
- each other.
-</p>
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-quotation">
-<h3>Quotation</h3>
-
-
-<div class='inference' id='quotation-implication'>
-<span class='conditional'>If</span>
-<span class="name">wasQuotedFrom(e2,e1,ag2,ag1,attrs)</span> holds for some identifiers
-<span class="name">e2</span>, <span class="name">e1</span>, <span class="name">ag2</span>, <span class="name">ag1</span>,
-<span class='conditional'>then</span> the following hold:
-<pre>
-wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)
-wasAttributedTo(e2,ag2)
-wasAttributedTo(e1,ag1)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-<p>
-
-<div id="optional-attributes6">In a quotation of the form <span class="name">wasQuotedFrom(e2,e1,-,-,attrs)</span>, the absence of an agent means: either no agent exists, or an agent exists but it is not identified.</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-
-<section id="term-traceability">
-<h3>Traceability</h3>
-
-<p>Traceability allows an entity to be transitively linked to another entity it is derived from, to an agent it is attributed to, or another agent having some responsibility, or a trigger of an activity that generated it.</p>
-
-<p>Traceability can be inferred from existing descriptions, or can be asserted stating that a dependency path exists without its individual steps being expressed. This is captured
-by the following inference and constraint, respectively.
-
-<div class='inference' id='traceability-inference'>
-Given two identifiers <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e1</span> for entities,
-the following statements hold:
-
-<ol>
-<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,a,g2,u1)</span> holds, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">g2</span>, <span
-class="name">u1</span>, <span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds.</li>
-<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also
-holds.</li>
-<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e2,ag1,aAttr)</span> holds, <span class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,ag1)</span> also holds.</li>
-<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e2,ag2,aAttr)</span>, <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr)</span>, and <span
-class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(ag2,ag1,a,rAttr)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">ag2</span>, <span class="name">ag1</span>, <span class="name">aAttr</span>, <span class="name">gAttr</span>, and <span class="name">rAttr</span>, <span
-class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,ag1)</span> also holds.</li>
-
-<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span
-class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e2,a,gAttr)</span> and <span
-class="name">wasStartedBy(a,e1,sAttr)</span> hold, for some <span
-class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">gAttr</span> , <span
-class="name">sAttr</span> then <span
-class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> holds.</li>
-<li><span class='conditional'>If</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e)</span> and <span class="name">tracedTo(e,e1)</span> hold for some <span class="name">e</span>, <span
-class='conditional'>then</span> <span class="name">tracedTo(e2,e1)</span> also holds.</li>
-</ol>
-</div>
-
-<p>We note that the inference rule <a
-href="#traceability-inference">traceability-inference</a> does not
-allow us to infer anything about the attributes of the related
-entities or events. </p>
-
-<div class='constraint' id='traceability-assertion'>
-<span class='conditional'>If</span> <span
- class="name">tracedTo(r2,r1,attrs)</span> holds for two entity identifiers <span class="name">r2</span> and <span class="name">r1</span>, and attribute-value pairs <span class="name">attrs</span>,
- <span class='conditional'>then</span> there exist
-<span class="name">e<sub>0</sub></span>, <span class="name">e<sub>1</sub></span>, ..., <span class="name">e<sub>n</sub></span> for <span class="name">n≥1</span>, with <span
-class="name">e<sub>0</sub></span>=<span class="name">r2</span> and <span class="name">e<sub>n</sub></span>=<span class="name">r1</span>, and
-for any i such that <span class="name">0≤i≤n-1</span>, at least
- one of the following statements holds:
-<ul>
-<li> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e<sub>i</sub>,e<sub>i+1</sub>,a,g2,u1)</span> holds, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">g2</span>, <span class="name">u1</span>,
-or</li>
-<li> <span class="name">wasDerivedFrom(e<sub>i</sub>,e<sub>i+1</sub>)</span> holds, or</li>
-<li> <span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e<sub>i</sub>,e<sub>i+1</sub>)</span> holds, or</li>
-<li> <span class="name">wasAttributedTo(e<sub>i</sub>,e)</span>, <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sub>i</sub>,a,gAttr)</span>, and <span class="name">actedOnBehalfOf(e,e<sub>i+1</sub>,a,rAttr)</span> hold,
-for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span> and <span class="name">gAttr</span>, <span class="name">rAttr</span>, or</li>
-<li> <span class="name">wasGeneratedBy(e<sub>i</sub>,a,gAttr) and wasStartedBy(a,e<sub>i+1</sub>,sAttr)</span> hold, for some <span class="name">a</span>, <span class="name">e</span>, and
-<span class="name">gAttr</span>, and <span
-class="name">sAttr</span>.</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-<p>We note that the previous constraint is not really an inference <em>rule</em>, since there is nothing that we can actually infer. Instead, this constraint should simply be seen as part
-of the definition of the traceability relation. </p>
-
-
-</section>
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="component4">
-<h3>Component 4: Alternate Entities</h3>
-<div class='note'>TODO:
-This section is under review, pending ISSUE-29.
-</div>
-
-<section id="term-Specialization">
-<h3>Specialization</h3>
-
-
-<p>Specialization is <em>neither symmetric nor anti-symmetric</em>.
-</p>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-not-symmetric">
-"Alice's toyota car on fifth Avenue" is a specialization of "Alice's toyota car", but the converse does not hold.
-</div>
-
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-specialization-not-anti-symmetric">
-anti-symmetric counter-example???
-</div>
-
-
-<p>Specialization is <em>transitive</em>. Indeed if <span
-class="name">specializationOf(e1,e2)</span> holds, then there is some
-common thing, say <span class="name">T1-2</span> they both refer to,
-and <span class="name">e1</span> is a more specific aspect of this
-thing than <span class="name">e2</span>. Likewise, if <span
-class="name">specializationOf(e2,e3)</span> holds, then there is some
-common thing, say <span class="name">T2-3</span> they both refer to, and <span class="name">e2</span> is a more specific aspect of this
-thing than <span class="name">e3</span>. The things <span
-class="name">T1-2</span> and <span class="name">T2-3</span> are the
-same since <span class="name">e2</span> is an aspect of both of them,
-so <span
-class="name">specializationOf(e1,e3)</span> follows since <span class="name">e1<span class="name"> and <span class="name">e3<span class="name">
-are aspects fo the same thing and <span class="name">e1<span class="name"> is more specific than <span class="name">e3<span class="name">. </p>
-
-
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-specialization-is-transitive">
-A specialization of "this email message" would be, for example, the "printed version on my desk", which is a specialization of "my thoughts on this email thread". So, the "printed version on my desk" is also a specialization "my thoughts on this email thread".
-</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-<section id="term-Alternate">
-<h3>Alternate</h3>
-</section>
-
-
-<p>Alternate not is <em>reflexive</em>. Indeed, <span class="name">alternate(e,e)</span> does not hold for any arbitrary entity <span class="name">e</span> since <span class="name">e</span> may not be a specialization of another entity.</p>
-
-
-<p>Alternate is <em>symmetric</em>. Indeed, if <span class="name">alternate(e1,e2)</span> holds,
-then there exists an unspecified entity <span class="name">e</span>, such that
-both <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span> are specialization of <span class="name">e</span>.
-Therefore, <span class="name">alternate(e2,e1)</span> also holds.
-</p>
-
-
-
-<p>Alternate is <em>not transitive</em>. Indeed, if <span class="name">alternate(e1,e2)</span> holds,
-then there exists an unspecified entity <span class="name">e1-2</span>, such that
-both <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e2</span> are specialization of <span class="name">e1-2</span>.
-Likewise, if <span class="name">alternate(e2,e3)</span> holds,
-then there exists an unspecified entity <span class="name">e2-3</span>, such that
-both <span class="name">e2</span> and <span class="name">e3</span> are specialization of <span class="name">e2-3</span>.
-It does not imply that there is a common entity <span class="name">e1-3</span>
-that both <span class="name">e1</span> and <span class="name">e3</span> specialize.
-</p>
-
-
-<div class="anexample" id="anexample-alternate-not-transitive1">
-<p>At 6pm, the customer in a chair is a woman in a red dress, who happens to be Alice. After she leaves, another customer arrives at 7pm, a man with glasses, who happens to be Bob. Transitivity does not hold since the <span class="name">womanInRedDress\</span> is not alternate of <span class="name">customerInChairAt7pm</span>.
-<pre>
-alternate(womanInRedDress,customerInChairAt6pm)
-specialization(customerInChairAt6pm,Alice)
-specialization(womanInRedDress,Alice)
-
-alternate(manWithGlasses,customerInChairAt7pm)
-specialization(customerInChairAt7pm,Bob)
-specialization(manWithGlasses,Bob)
-
-alternate(customerInChairAt6pm, customerInChairAt7pm)
-specialization(customerInChairAt6pm, customerInChair)
-specialization(customerInChairAt7pm, customerInChair)
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-<p>The above example shows that <span class="name">customerInChairAt6pm</span> and <span class="name">customerInChairAt7pm</span> are two alternate entities that have no overlap, while <span class="name">womanInRedDress</span> and <span class="name">customerInChairAt6pm</span> do overlap.
-The following example illustrates another case of non-overlapping alternate entities.
-</p>
-
-<div class="anexample">Two copies of the same book, where copy A was destroyed before copy B was made.</div>
-
-
-</section>
-
-
-
-</section>
-
@@ -2488,7 +2265,24 @@
WG membership to be listed here.
</p>
</section>
-
+
+<section class="glossary">
+ <h2>Glossary</h2>
+ <ul>
+ <li> <dfn>anti-symmetric</dfn>: A relation R over X is <a>anti-symmetric</a> if
+ for any elements x, y of X, if x R y and y R x then x = y.</li>
+ <li> <dfn>reflexive</dfn>: A relation R over X is <a>reflexive</a> if
+ for any element x of X, we have x R x.</li>
+ <li> <dfn>symmetric</dfn>: A relation R over X is <a>symmetric</a> if
+ for any elements x, y of X, if x R y then y R x.</li>
+ <li> <dfn>transitive</dfn>: A relation R over X is <a>transitive</a> if
+ for any elements x, y, z of X, if x R y and y R z then x R z.</li>
+
+
+ </ul>
+ </section>
+
+
</body></html>
<!-- LocalWords: px DM RL RDF AQ SEM SOTD Definitional wasInformedBy attrs ag
@@ -2507,13 +2301,15 @@
-->
<!-- LocalWords: QName derivedByRemovalFrom EmptyCollection wasVersionOf dm
-->
-<!-- LocalWords: RecsWD formedness workflow ness operability CSP
+<!-- LocalWords: RecsWD formedness workflow ness operability CSP versa hyp YY
-->
<!-- LocalWords: disambiguating lifecycle conformant minimalistic Lamport fo
-->
-<!-- LocalWords: reflexivity antisymmetry timelines timespan WG
+<!-- LocalWords: reflexivity antisymmetry timelines timespan WG concl inv
-->
<!-- LocalWords: continuant occurrent modalities toyota womanInRedDress
-->
<!-- LocalWords: customerInChairAt manWithGlasses customerInChair
-->
+<!-- LocalWords: wasStartedByActivity antisymmetric wasInvalidatedBy
+ -->
--- a/model/working-copy/wd5-prov-invalidation.html Fri Apr 20 01:10:42 2012 +0100
+++ b/model/working-copy/wd5-prov-invalidation.html Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -47,63 +47,63 @@
var extraReferences = {
"CLOCK":
"Lamport, L. "+
- "<a href="\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\""><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
+ "<a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"><cite>Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system</cite></a>."+
"Communications of the ACM 21 (7): 558–565. 1978. "+
- "URL: <a href="\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\"">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf\">http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf</a> " +
"DOI: doi:10.1145/359545.359563.",
"CSP":
"Hoare, C. A. R. "+
- "<a href="\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\""><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"><cite>Communicating Sequential Processes</cite></a>."+
"Prentice-Hall. 1985"+
- "URL: <a href="\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\"">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf\">http://www.usingcsp.com/cspbook.pdf</a>",
"Logic":
"W. E. Johnson"+
- "<a href="\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\""><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"><cite>Logic: Part III</cite></a>."+
"1924. "+
- "URL: <a href="\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\"">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html\">http://www.ditext.com/johnson/intro-3.html</a>",
"PROV-SEM":
"James Cheney "+
- "<a href="\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\""><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"><cite>Formal Semantics Strawman</cite></a>. "+
"2011, Work in progress. "+
- "URL: <a href="\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\"">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman\">http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/FormalSemanticsStrawman</a>",
"PROV-PRIMER":
"Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href="\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\""><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. "+
"2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href="\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\"">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>",
"PROV-O":
"Satya Sahoo and Deborah McGuinness (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik "+
- "<a href="\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\""><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>Provenance Formal Model</cite></a>. "+
"2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href="\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
"PROV-DM":
"Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href="\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\""><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>PART 1: PROV-DM ...</cite></a>. "+
"2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href="\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
"PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS":
"Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href="\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\""><cite>PROV-DM Constraints</cite></a>. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\"><cite>PROV-DM Constraints</cite></a>. "+
"2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href="\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\"">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a>",
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a>",
"PROV-ASN":
"Luc Moreau and Paolo Missier (eds.) ... "+
- "<a href="\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\""><cite>PROV-ASN ....</cite></a>. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\"><cite>PROV-ASN ....</cite></a>. "+
"2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href="\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\"">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/</a>",
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-asn/</a>",
"PROV-AQ":
"Graham Klyne and Paul Groth (eds.) Luc Moreau, Olaf Hartig, Yogesh Simmhan, James Meyers, Timothy Lebo, Khalid Belhajjame, and Simon Miles "+
- "<a href="\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\""><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. "+
"2011, Working Draft. "+
- "URL: <a href="\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\"">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a>",
};
var respecConfig = {
// specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
// if your specification has a subtitle that goes below the main
// formal title, define it here
- subtitle : "Draft proposal (to be incorporated in Editor's Draft when approved)",
+ subtitle : "Draft proposal (to be incorporated in Editor's Draft)",
// if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
@@ -202,25 +202,24 @@
</section>
<section id="sotd">
-<div class="note">PROPOSALS TO VOTE ON</div>
</section>
-<section id="Proposal: On Entity Invalidation">
-<h4>Proposal: On Entity Invalidation: new Section 4.1.7</h4>
+<section id="On Entity Invalidation">
+<h4>On Entity Invalidation: new Section 4.1.7</h4>
<h4>4.1.7: Invalidation</h4>
<p>
-Activities have a start and an end. Entities also have a duration. Generation marks the beginning of an entity. The end of an entity can occur for different reasons.
+Entities have a duration. Generation marks the beginning of an entity. The end of an entity can occur for different reasons.
<ul>
-<li> an entity was destroyed: e.g. a painting was destroyed by fire; a Web page is taken out of site;
+<li> an entity was destroyed: e.g. a painting was destroyed by fire; a Web page is taken out of a site;
<li> an entity was consumed: e.g. Bob ate all his soup, Alice ran out of gas when driving to work;
<li> an entity expires: e.g. a "buy one beer, get one free" offer is valid during happy hour (7-8pm);
-<li> an entity is time limited: e.g. a the BBC news Web site on April 3rd, 2012;
+<li> an entity is time limited: e.g. the BBC news site on April 3rd, 2012;
<li> an entity attribute is changing: e.g. the traffic light changed from green to red.
</ul>
-In the first two cases, the entity has physically disappeared after its termination: there is no more soup, or painting. In the last two cases, there may be an "offer voucher" that still exists, but it is no longer valid; likewise, on April 4th, the BBC new Web site still exists but it is not the same entity as BBC news Web site on April 3rd; or the traffic light became red and therefore is regarded as a different entity to the green light.
+In the first two cases, the entity has physically disappeared after its termination: there is no more soup, or painting. In the last two cases, there may be an "offer voucher" that still exists, but it is no longer valid; likewise, on April 4th, the BBC news site still exists but it is not the same entity as BBC news Web site on April 3rd; or the traffic light became red and therefore is regarded as a different entity to the green light.
</p>
<p>
@@ -231,7 +230,7 @@
<p>
-<div class="attributes" id="attributes-invalidation"><dfn title="dfn-Invalidation">Invalidation</dfn><span class="withAsn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasInvalidatedBy(id,e,a,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-ASN,</span> has:</p>
+<div class="attributes" id="attributes-invalidation"><dfn title="dfn-Invalidation">Invalidation</dfn><span class="withPn">, written <span class="pnExpression">wasInvalidatedBy(id,e,a,t,attrs)</span> in PROV-N,</span> has:</p>
<ul>
<li><span class='attribute'>id</span>: an OPTIONAL identifier for a invalidation;</li>
<li><span class='attribute'>entity</span>: an identifier for the invalidated entity; </li>
@@ -247,7 +246,7 @@
<div class="anexample" id="anexample-invalidation1">
<p>
-Picasso's painting"The Painter" is known to have been destroyed in a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_artworks#20th_century">plane accident</a>.
+The Painter, a Picasso painting, is known to have been destroyed in a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_artworks#20th_century">plane accident</a>.
<pre class="codeexample">
entity(ex:The-Painter)
@@ -261,16 +260,16 @@
<div class="anexample" id="anexample-invalidation2">
<p>
The BBC news home page on 2012-04-03 <span class="name">ex:bbcNews2012-04-03</span>
-contains a reference to a given news item
+contained a reference to a given news item
<a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-17595024">bbc:news/uk-17595024</a>,
-but the BBC news home page on the next day does not.
+but the BBC news home page on the next day did not.
<pre class="codeexample">
entity(ex:bbcNews2012-04-03)
memberOf(ex:bbcNews2012-04-03,{("item1", bbc:news/uk-17595024)})
wasGeneratedBy (ex:bbcNews2012-04-03,-,2012-04-03T00:00:01)
wasInvalidatedBy(ex:bbcNews2012-04-03,-,2012-04-03T23:59:59)
</pre>
-We refer to example (<a href="#anexample-specialization">anexample-specialization</a> for further descriptions of the BBC Web site, and to Section <a>Membership</a> for a description of the relation <a>memberOf</a>).
+We refer to example <a href="#anexample-specialization">anexample-specialization</a> for further descriptions of the BBC Web site, and to Section <a>Membership</a> for a description of the relation <a>memberOf</a>.
</div>
@@ -283,11 +282,14 @@
wasInvalidatedBy(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour,
-,2012-03-10T18:00:00)
</pre>
-<p>Alternatively, in the following example, Bob redeemed the offer 45 minutes before it expired, and got two beers. Here, the offer is also "used" by the redeem activity.</p>
+<p>In contrast, in the following descriptions, Bob redeemed the offer 45 minutes before it expired, and got two beers.
+</p>
<pre class="codeexample">
entity(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour)
wasAttributedTo(proprietor)
activity(redeemOffer)
+entity(twoBeers)
+
wasAssociatedWith(redeemOffer,bob)
used(buy_one_beer_get_one_free_offer_during_happy_hour,
redeemOffer, 2012-03-10T17:15:00)
@@ -295,6 +297,7 @@
redeemOffer, 2012-03-10T17:15:00)
wasGeneratedBy(twoBeers,redeemOffer)
</pre>
+<p>We see that the offer was both used to be converted into <span class="name">twoBeers</span> and invalidated by the <span class="name">redeemOffer</span> activity: in other words, the combined usage and invalidation indicate consumption of the offer.</p>
</div>
<!--
--- a/ontology/ProvenanceOntology.owl Fri Apr 20 01:10:42 2012 +0100
+++ b/ontology/ProvenanceOntology.owl Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -51,8 +51,9 @@
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="&rdfs;seeAlso"/>
</owl:AnnotationProperty>
<owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="&prov;definition"/>
+ <owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="&prov;editorialNote"/>
<owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="&rdfs;label"/>
- <owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="&prov;editorialNote"/>
+ <owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="&prov;inverse"/>
<owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="&rdfs;comment"/>
<owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="&rdfs;seeAlso"/>
<owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="&prov;category"/>
@@ -85,6 +86,17 @@
<!--
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
+ // Datatypes
+ //
+ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+ -->
+
+
+
+
+ <!--
+ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+ //
// Object Properties
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -102,6 +114,7 @@
<!-- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#actedOnBehalfOf -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&prov;actedOnBehalfOf">
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An object property to express the accountability of an agent towards another agent. The subordinate agent acted on behalf of the responsible agent in an actual activity. </rdfs:comment>
<prov:category>starting-point</prov:category>
<prov:component>agents-responsibility</prov:component>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&prov;Agent"/>
@@ -109,7 +122,6 @@
<prov:qualifiedForm rdf:resource="&prov;Responsibility"/>
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="&prov;involved"/>
<prov:qualifiedForm rdf:resource="&prov;qualifiedResponsibility"/>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An object property to express the accountability of an agent towards another agent. The subordinate agent acted on behalf of the responsible agent in an actual activity. </rdfs:comment>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
@@ -146,13 +158,13 @@
<!-- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#alternateOf -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&prov;alternateOf">
- <prov:prov-dm>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-alternate</prov:prov-dm>
<prov:prov-dm-constraints>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm-constraints.html#term-Alternate</prov:prov-dm-constraints>
<prov:category>expanded</prov:category>
- <prov:definition xml:lang="en">An entity is alternate of another if they are both a specialization of some common entity. The common entity does not need to be identified.</prov:definition>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An entity is alternate of another if they are both a specialization of some common entity. The common entity does not need to be identified.</rdfs:comment>
<prov:component>alternate</prov:component>
<prov:prov-n>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-alternate</prov:prov-n>
+ <prov:prov-dm>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-alternate</prov:prov-dm>
+ <prov:definition xml:lang="en">An entity is alternate of another if they are both a specialization of some common entity. The common entity does not need to be identified.</prov:definition>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An entity is alternate of another if they are both a specialization of some common entity. The common entity does not need to be identified.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="&owl;topObjectProperty"/>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&prov;Entity"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&prov;Entity"/>
@@ -166,8 +178,8 @@
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&prov;atLocation">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;AsymmetricProperty"/>
<rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;IrreflexiveProperty"/>
+ <prov:editorialNote>This property is not functional because the many values could be at a variety of granularies (In this building, in this room, in that chair).</prov:editorialNote>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Location is an optional attribute of Entity and Activity.</rdfs:comment>
- <prov:editorialNote>This property is not functional because the many values could be at a variety of granularies (In this building, in this room, in that chair).</prov:editorialNote>
<prov:category>expanded</prov:category>
<prov:editorialNote>The naming of prov:atLocation parallels prov:atTime, and is not named prov:hadLocation to avoid conflicting with the convention that prov:had* properties are used on prov:Involvement classes.</prov:editorialNote>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&prov;Location"/>
@@ -179,9 +191,9 @@
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&prov;collection">
<prov:editorialNote>This property behaves in spirit like rdf:object; it references the object of a prov:involved triple.</prov:editorialNote>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The property used by a prov:CollectionInvolvement to cite the prov:Collection that was prov:involved in insertion or removal of elements of a collection. </rdfs:comment>
<prov:component>collections</prov:component>
<prov:category>collections</prov:category>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The property used by a prov:CollectionInvolvement to cite the prov:Collection that was prov:involved in insertion or removal of elements of a collection. </rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&prov;Collection"/>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&prov;CollectionInvolvement"/>
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="&prov;involvee"/>
@@ -223,9 +235,9 @@
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&prov;entity">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;FunctionalProperty"/>
- <prov:category>qualified</prov:category>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The property used by an prov:EntityInvolvement to cite the Entity that was prov:involved with either an Activity or Entity. It can be used to refer to the entity involved in deriving another entity, being quoted or revised from, being the source of another entity, or being used in an activity. </rdfs:comment>
<prov:editorialNote xml:lang="en">This property behaves in spirit like rdf:object; it references the object of a prov:involved triple.</prov:editorialNote>
+ <prov:category>qualified</prov:category>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&prov;Entity"/>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&prov;EntityInvolvement"/>
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="&prov;involvee"/>
@@ -388,9 +400,9 @@
<!-- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#inserted -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&prov;inserted">
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An object property to refer to the prov:KeyValuePair inserted into a prov:Collection.</rdfs:comment>
<prov:component>collections</prov:component>
<prov:category>collections</prov:category>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An object property to refer to the prov:KeyValuePair inserted into a prov:Collection.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&prov;Insertion"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&prov;KeyValuePair"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
@@ -489,9 +501,9 @@
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&prov;qualifiedDerivation">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;InverseFunctionalProperty"/>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">If this Entity prov:wasDerivedFrom Entity :e, then it can qualify how it was derived using prov:qualifiedDerivation [ a prov:Derivation; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
<prov:component>derivations</prov:component>
<prov:category>qualified</prov:category>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">If this Entity prov:wasDerivedFrom Entity :e, then it can qualify how it was derived using prov:qualifiedDerivation [ a prov:Derivation; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&prov;Derivation"/>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&prov;Entity"/>
<prov:unqualifiedForm rdf:resource="&prov;wasDerivedFrom"/>
@@ -505,7 +517,7 @@
<rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;InverseFunctionalProperty"/>
<prov:category>qualified</prov:category>
<prov:component>entities-activities</prov:component>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">If this Activity prov:wasEndedBy Agent :ag, then it can qualify how it was ended using prov:qualifiedEnd [ a prov:End; prov:agent :ag; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">If this Activity prov:wasEndedBy Entity :e1, then it can qualify how it was ended using prov:qualifiedEnd [ a prov:End; prov:entity :e1; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&prov;Activity"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&prov;End"/>
<prov:unqualifiedForm rdf:resource="&prov;wasEndedBy"/>
@@ -531,8 +543,8 @@
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&prov;qualifiedInsertion">
<prov:component>collections</prov:component>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">If this Collection prov:derivedByInsertionFrom another Collection :e, then it can qualify how it did perform the Insertion using prov:qualifiedInsertion [ a prov:Insertion; prov:collection :e; prov:inserted [a prov:KeyValuePair; prov:key "k1"^^xsd:string; prov:value :foo] ].</rdfs:comment>
<prov:category>collections</prov:category>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">If this Collection prov:derivedByInsertionFrom another Collection :e, then it can qualify how it did perform the Insertion using prov:qualifiedInsertion [ a prov:Insertion; prov:collection :e; prov:inserted [a prov:KeyValuePair; prov:key "k1"^^xsd:string; prov:value :foo] ].</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&prov;Collection"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&prov;Insertion"/>
<prov:unqualifiedForm rdf:resource="&prov;derivedByInsertionFrom"/>
@@ -559,7 +571,7 @@
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&prov;qualifiedRemoval">
<prov:category>collections</prov:category>
<prov:component>collections</prov:component>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">If this Collection prov:derivedByRemovalFrom another Collection :e, then it can qualify how it did perform the Removal using prov:qualifiedRemoval [ a prov:Removal; prov:collection :c; prov:removed "k1"^^xsd:string ].</rdfs:comment>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">If this Collection prov:derivedByRemovalFrom another Collection :e, then it can qualify how it did perform the Removal using prov:qualifiedRemoval [ a prov:Removal; prov:collection :c; prov:removed "k1"^^xsd:string ].</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&prov;Collection"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&prov;Removal"/>
<prov:unqualifiedForm rdf:resource="&prov;derivedByRemovalFrom"/>
@@ -572,8 +584,8 @@
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&prov;qualifiedResponsibility">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;InverseFunctionalProperty"/>
<prov:category>qualified</prov:category>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">If this Agent prov:actedOnBehalfOf Agent :ag, then it can qualify how with prov:qualifiedResponsibility [ a prov:Responsibility; prov:agent :ag; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
<prov:component>agents-responsibility</prov:component>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">If this Agent prov:actedOnBehalfOf Agent :ag, then it can qualify how with prov:qualifiedResponsibility [ a prov:Responsibility; prov:agent :ag; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&prov;Agent"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&prov;Responsibility"/>
<prov:unqualifiedForm rdf:resource="&prov;actedOnBehalfOf"/>
@@ -585,7 +597,7 @@
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&prov;qualifiedRevision">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;InverseFunctionalProperty"/>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">If this Entity prov:wasRevisionOf Entity :e, then it can qualify how it was revised using prov:qualifiedRevision [ a prov:Revision; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">If this Entity prov:wasRevisionOf Entity :e, then it can qualify how it was revised using prov:qualifiedRevision [ a prov:Revision; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
<prov:category>qualified</prov:category>
<prov:component>derivations</prov:component>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&prov;Entity"/>
@@ -601,7 +613,7 @@
<rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;InverseFunctionalProperty"/>
<prov:component>derivations</prov:component>
<prov:category>qualified</prov:category>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">If this Entity prov:hadOriginalSource Entity :e, then it can qualify how using prov:qualifiedSource [ a prov:Source; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">If this Entity prov:hadOriginalSource Entity :e, then it can qualify how using prov:qualifiedSource [ a prov:Source; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&prov;Entity"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&prov;Source"/>
<prov:unqualifiedForm rdf:resource="&prov;hadOriginalSource"/>
@@ -615,7 +627,7 @@
<rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;InverseFunctionalProperty"/>
<prov:category>qualified</prov:category>
<prov:component>entities-activities</prov:component>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">If this Activity prov:wasStartedBy Agent :ag, then it can qualify how it was started using prov:qualifiedStart [ a prov:Start; prov:agent :ag; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">If this Activity prov:wasStartedBy Entity :e1, then it can qualify how it was started using prov:qualifiedStart [ a prov:Start; prov:entity :e1; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&prov;Activity"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&prov;Start"/>
<prov:unqualifiedForm rdf:resource="&prov;wasStartedBy"/>
@@ -628,7 +640,7 @@
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&prov;qualifiedStartByActivity">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;InverseFunctionalProperty"/>
<prov:category>qualified</prov:category>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">If this Activity prov:wasStartedByActivity :a, then it can qualify how it was started using prov:qualifiedStart [ a prov:Start; prov:activity :a; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">If this Activity prov:wasStartedByActivity :a, then it can qualify how it was started using prov:qualifiedStart [ a prov:Start; prov:activity :a; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
<prov:component>entities-activities</prov:component>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&prov;Activity"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&prov;StartByActivity"/>
@@ -642,7 +654,7 @@
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&prov;qualifiedTrace">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;InverseFunctionalProperty"/>
<prov:category>qualified</prov:category>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">If this prov:wasAttributedTo Entity :e, then it can qualify how using prov:qualifiedTrace [ a prov:Trace; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ]. If this prov:wasAttributedTo Activity :a, then it can qualify how using prov:qualifiedTrace [ a prov:Trace; prov:activity :a; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">If this prov:wasAttributedTo Entity :e, then it can qualify how using prov:qualifiedTrace [ a prov:Trace; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ]. If this prov:wasAttributedTo Activity :a, then it can qualify how using prov:qualifiedTrace [ a prov:Trace; prov:activity :a; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
<prov:component>derivations</prov:component>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&prov;Entity"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&prov;Trace"/>
@@ -655,9 +667,9 @@
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&prov;qualifiedUsage">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;InverseFunctionalProperty"/>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">If this Activity prov:used Entity :e, then it can qualify how it used it using prov:qualifiedUsage [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
<prov:category>qualified</prov:category>
<prov:component>entities-activities</prov:component>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">If this Activity prov:used Entity :e, then it can qualify how it used it using prov:qualifiedUsage [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&prov;Activity"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&prov;Usage"/>
<prov:unqualifiedForm rdf:resource="&prov;used"/>
@@ -669,11 +681,11 @@
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&prov;specializationOf">
<prov:component>alternate</prov:component>
+ <prov:category>expanded</prov:category>
<prov:prov-dm>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-specialization</prov:prov-dm>
<prov:definition>An entity is a specialization of another if they both refer to some common thing but the former is a more constrained entity than the former. The common entity does not need to be identified.</prov:definition>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An entity is a specialization of another if they both refer to some common thing but the former is a more constrained entity than the former. The common entity does not need to be identified.</rdfs:comment>
<prov:prov-n>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-specialization</prov:prov-n>
- <prov:category>expanded</prov:category>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An entity is a specialization of another if they both refer to some common thing but the former is a more constrained entity than the former. The common entity does not need to be identified.</rdfs:comment>
<prov:prov-dm-constraints>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm-constraints.html#term-Specialization</prov:prov-dm-constraints>
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="&owl;topObjectProperty"/>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&prov;Entity"/>
@@ -687,9 +699,9 @@
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&prov;tracedTo">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;TransitiveProperty"/>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An object property to link back an entity to another by means of derivation or responsibility relations, possibly repeatedly traversed.</rdfs:comment>
<prov:component>derivations</prov:component>
<prov:category>expanded</prov:category>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An object property to link back an entity to another by means of derivation or responsibility relations, possibly repeatedly traversed.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&prov;Entity"/>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&prov;Entity"/>
<prov:qualifiedForm rdf:resource="&prov;Trace"/>
@@ -704,9 +716,10 @@
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&prov;used">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;AsymmetricProperty"/>
<rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;IrreflexiveProperty"/>
+ <prov:inverse>wasUsedBy</prov:inverse>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A prov:Entity that was used by this prov:Activity. For example, :baking prov:used :spoon, :egg, :oven .</rdfs:comment>
<prov:category>starting-point</prov:category>
<prov:component>entities-activities</prov:component>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A prov:Entity that was used by this prov:Activity. For example, :baking prov:used :spoon, :egg, :oven .</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&prov;Activity"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&prov;Entity"/>
<prov:qualifiedForm rdf:resource="&prov;Usage"/>
@@ -720,9 +733,9 @@
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&prov;value">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;FunctionalProperty"/>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The value of a KeyValuePair.</rdfs:comment>
<prov:category>collections</prov:category>
<prov:component>collections</prov:component>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The value of a KeyValuePair.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&prov;Entity"/>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&prov;KeyValuePair"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
@@ -748,8 +761,8 @@
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&prov;wasAttributedTo">
<prov:definition>Attribution is the ascribing of an entity to an agent.</prov:definition>
+ <prov:category>starting-point</prov:category>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Attribution is the ascribing of an entity to an agent.</rdfs:comment>
- <prov:category>starting-point</prov:category>
<prov:component>agents-responsibility</prov:component>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&prov;Agent"/>
<prov:qualifiedForm rdf:resource="&prov;Attribution"/>
@@ -771,6 +784,7 @@
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&prov;wasDerivedFrom">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;AsymmetricProperty"/>
<rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;IrreflexiveProperty"/>
+ <prov:inverse>hadDerivation</prov:inverse>
<prov:definition xml:lang="en">A derivation is a transformation of an entity into another, a construction of an entity into another, or an update of an entity, resulting in a new one.</prov:definition>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A derivation is a transformation of an entity into another, a construction of an entity into another, or an update of an entity, resulting in a new one.</rdfs:comment>
<prov:category>starting-point</prov:category>
@@ -792,8 +806,9 @@
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">End is when an activity is deemed to have ended. An end may refer to an entity, known as trigger, that terminated the activity.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&prov;Activity"/>
<prov:qualifiedForm rdf:resource="&prov;End"/>
+ <rdfs:range rdf:resource="&prov;Entity"/>
+ <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="&prov;involved"/>
<prov:qualifiedForm rdf:resource="&prov;qualifiedEnd"/>
- <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="&prov;wasAssociatedWith"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
@@ -819,9 +834,9 @@
<!-- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasInformedBy -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&prov;wasInformedBy">
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An activity a2 is dependent on or informed by another activity a1, by way of some unspecified entity that is generated by a1 and used by a2.</rdfs:comment>
<prov:category>starting-point</prov:category>
<prov:component>entities-activities</prov:component>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An activity a2 is dependent on or informed by another activity a1, by way of some unspecified entity that is generated by a1 and used by a2.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&prov;Activity"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&prov;Activity"/>
<prov:qualifiedForm rdf:resource="&prov;Communication"/>
@@ -836,7 +851,7 @@
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&prov;wasQuotedFrom">
<prov:category>expanded</prov:category>
<prov:component>derivations</prov:component>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An entity is derived from an original entity by copying, or "quoting", some or all of it.</rdfs:comment>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An entity is derived from an original entity by copying, or "quoting", some or all of it.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&prov;Entity"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&prov;Entity"/>
<prov:qualifiedForm rdf:resource="&prov;Quotation"/>
@@ -850,8 +865,8 @@
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&prov;wasRevisionOf">
<prov:component>derivations</prov:component>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A revision is a derivation that revises an entity into a revised version.</rdfs:comment>
<prov:category>expanded</prov:category>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A revision is a derivation that revises an entity into a revised version.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&prov;Entity"/>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&prov;Entity"/>
<prov:qualifiedForm rdf:resource="&prov;Revision"/>
@@ -870,8 +885,8 @@
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&prov;Activity"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&prov;Entity"/>
<prov:qualifiedForm rdf:resource="&prov;Start"/>
+ <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="&prov;involved"/>
<prov:qualifiedForm rdf:resource="&prov;qualifiedStart"/>
- <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="&prov;wasAssociatedWith"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
@@ -918,9 +933,9 @@
<owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="&prov;endedAtTime">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;FunctionalProperty"/>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The time when an activity ended.</rdfs:comment>
<prov:component>entities-activities</prov:component>
<prov:category>starting-point</prov:category>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The time when an activity ended.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&xsd;dateTime"/>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&prov;Activity"/>
</owl:DatatypeProperty>
@@ -932,8 +947,8 @@
<owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="&prov;key">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;FunctionalProperty"/>
<prov:category>collections</prov:category>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The key of a KeyValuePair, which is an element of a prov:Collection.</rdfs:comment>
<prov:component>collections</prov:component>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The key of a KeyValuePair, which is an element of a prov:Collection.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&rdfs;Literal"/>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&prov;KeyValuePair"/>
</owl:DatatypeProperty>
@@ -944,8 +959,8 @@
<owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="&prov;removedKey">
<prov:category>collections</prov:category>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The key removed in a Removal.</rdfs:comment>
<prov:component>collections</prov:component>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The key removed in a Removal.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&rdfs;Literal"/>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&prov;Removal"/>
</owl:DatatypeProperty>
@@ -957,8 +972,8 @@
<owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="&prov;startedAtTime">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;FunctionalProperty"/>
<prov:category>starting-point</prov:category>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The time when an activity started.</rdfs:comment>
<prov:component>entities-activities</prov:component>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The time when an activity started.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&xsd;dateTime"/>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&prov;Activity"/>
</owl:DatatypeProperty>
@@ -1022,10 +1037,10 @@
<prov:prov-dm rdf:datatype="&xsd;anyURI">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#section-entity-activity</prov:prov-dm>
<prov:component>entities-activities</prov:component>
<prov:prov-n>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-Activity</prov:prov-n>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An activity is something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with entities. This action can take multiple forms: consuming, processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, generating, or being associated with entities. Activities that operate on digital entities may for example move, copy, or duplicate them.</rdfs:comment>
<prov:category>starting-point</prov:category>
<prov:prov-dm-constraints>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm-constraints.html#term-Activity</prov:prov-dm-constraints>
<prov:definition>An activity is something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with entities. This action can take multiple forms: consuming, processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, generating, or being associated with entities. Activities that operate on digital entities may for example move, copy, or duplicate them.</prov:definition>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An activity is something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with entities. This action can take multiple forms: consuming, processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, generating, or being associated with entities. Activities that operate on digital entities may for example move, copy, or duplicate them.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
@@ -1048,10 +1063,10 @@
<owl:Class rdf:about="&prov;Agent">
<rdfs:label>Agent</rdfs:label>
<prov:definition>An agent is a type of entity that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place.</prov:definition>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An agent is a type of entity that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place.</rdfs:comment>
<prov:prov-dm-constraints>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm-constraints.html#term-Agent</prov:prov-dm-constraints>
<prov:prov-n>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-Agent</prov:prov-n>
<prov:category>starting-point</prov:category>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An agent is a type of entity that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place.</rdfs:comment>
<prov:component>agents-responsibility</prov:component>
<prov:prov-dm>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-Agent</prov:prov-dm>
</owl:Class>
@@ -1079,8 +1094,8 @@
<prov:component>agents-responsibility</prov:component>
<prov:prov-dm>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-ActivityAssociation</prov:prov-dm>
<prov:category>qualified</prov:category>
+ <prov:definition>An activity association is an assignment of responsibility to an agent for an activity, indicating that the agent had a role in the activity. It further allows for a plan to be specified, which is the plan intended by the agent to achieve some goals in the context of this activity.</prov:definition>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An instance of prov:Association provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasAssociatedWith relation from an prov:Activity to some prov:Agent that is responsible for it. For example, :baking prov:wasAssociatedWith :baker; prov:qualified [ a prov:Association; prov:entity :baker; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
- <prov:definition>An activity association is an assignment of responsibility to an agent for an activity, indicating that the agent had a role in the activity. It further allows for a plan to be specified, which is the plan intended by the agent to achieve some goals in the context of this activity.</prov:definition>
<prov:prov-dm-constraints>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm-constraints.html#term-Association</prov:prov-dm-constraints>
<prov:unqualifiedForm rdf:resource="&prov;wasAssociatedWith"/>
</owl:Class>
@@ -1109,15 +1124,15 @@
<owl:Class rdf:about="&prov;Collection">
<rdfs:label>Collection</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&prov;Entity"/>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">This concept allows for the provenance of the collection, but also of its constituents to be expressed. Such a notion of collection corresponds to a wide variety of concrete data structures, such as a maps, dictionaries, or associative arrays.</rdfs:comment>
<prov:prov-dm>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#section-types-entities-agents</prov:prov-dm>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A given collection forms a given structure for its members. A different structure (obtained either by insertion or removal of members) constitutes a different collection.</rdfs:comment>
<prov:prov-dm>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-collection</prov:prov-dm>
<prov:definition>A collection is an entity that provides a structure to some constituents, which are themselves entities. These constituents are said to be member of the collections.</prov:definition>
<prov:category>collections</prov:category>
<prov:component>collections</prov:component>
<prov:prov-n>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#component5</prov:prov-n>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">This concept allows for the provenance of the collection, but also of its constituents to be expressed. Such a notion of collection corresponds to a wide variety of concrete data structures, such as a maps, dictionaries, or associative arrays.</rdfs:comment>
<prov:prov-dm>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#concept-collection</prov:prov-dm>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A given collection forms a given structure for its members. A different structure (obtained either by insertion or removal of members) constitutes a different collection.</rdfs:comment>
<prov:prov-dm-constraints>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm-constraints.html#term-Collection</prov:prov-dm-constraints>
</owl:Class>
@@ -1127,9 +1142,9 @@
<owl:Class rdf:about="&prov;CollectionInvolvement">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&prov;Involvement"/>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">prov:CollectionInvolvement provides descriptions of any binary involvement between any instance and a prov:Collection.</rdfs:comment>
<prov:category>collections</prov:category>
<prov:component>collections</prov:component>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">prov:CollectionInvolvement provides descriptions of any binary involvement between any instance and a prov:Collection.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
@@ -1140,9 +1155,9 @@
<rdfs:label>Communication</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&prov;ActivityInvolvement"/>
<prov:category>qualified</prov:category>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An instance of prov:Communication provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasInformedBy relation from an informed prov:Activity to the prov:Activity that informed it. For example, :you_jumping_off_bridge prov:wasInformedBy :everyone_else_jumping_off_bridge; prov:qualifiedCommunication [ a prov:Communication; prov:entity :everyone_else_jumping_off_bridge; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
<prov:prov-dm-constraints>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm-constraints.html#term-Communication</prov:prov-dm-constraints>
<prov:component>entities-activities</prov:component>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An instance of prov:Communication provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasInformedBy relation from an informed prov:Activity to the prov:Activity that informed it. For example, :you_jumping_off_bridge prov:wasInformedBy :everyone_else_jumping_off_bridge; prov:qualifiedCommunication [ a prov:Communication; prov:entity :everyone_else_jumping_off_bridge; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
<prov:prov-dm>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-wasInformedBy</prov:prov-dm>
<prov:prov-n>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-wasInformedBy</prov:prov-n>
<prov:definition>Communication is the exchange of an entity by two activities, one activity using the entity generated by the other.</prov:definition>
@@ -1157,9 +1172,9 @@
<rdfs:label>Derivation</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&prov;EntityInvolvement"/>
<prov:component>derivations</prov:component>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An instance of prov:Derivation provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasDerivedFrom relation from some prov:Entity to another prov:Entity. For example, :chewed_bubble_gum prov:wasDerivedFrom :unwrapped_bubble_gum; prov:qualified [ a prov:Derivation; prov:entity :unwrapped_bubble_gum; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
<prov:category>qualified</prov:category>
<prov:prov-dm>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#Derivation-Relation</prov:prov-dm>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An instance of prov:Derivation provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasDerivedFrom relation from some prov:Entity to another prov:Entity. For example, :chewed_bubble_gum prov:wasDerivedFrom :unwrapped_bubble_gum; prov:qualified [ a prov:Derivation; prov:entity :unwrapped_bubble_gum; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
<prov:prov-dm-constraints>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm-constraints.html#Derivation-Relation</prov:prov-dm-constraints>
<prov:prov-n>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#Derivation-Relation</prov:prov-n>
<prov:definition>A derivation is a transformation of an entity into another, a construction of an entity into another, or an update of an entity, resulting in a new one.</prov:definition>
@@ -1172,7 +1187,7 @@
<owl:Class rdf:about="&prov;EmptyCollection">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&prov;Collection"/>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An empty collection.</rdfs:comment>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An empty collection.</rdfs:comment>
<prov:component>collections</prov:component>
<prov:category>collections</prov:category>
</owl:Class>
@@ -1183,15 +1198,15 @@
<owl:Class rdf:about="&prov;End">
<rdfs:label>End</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&prov;AgentInvolvement"/>
+ <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&prov;EntityInvolvement"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&prov;InstantaneousEvent"/>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An instance of prov:End provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasEndedBy relation from some ended prov:Activity to an prov:Entity that ended it. For example, :ball_game prov:wasEndedBy :buzzer; prov:qualified [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :buzzer; :foo :bar; prov:atTime '2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00'^^xsd:dateTime ].</rdfs:comment>
<prov:prov-dm-constraints>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm-constraints.html#types-of-events</prov:prov-dm-constraints>
<prov:prov-dm>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-End</prov:prov-dm>
<prov:prov-dm-constraints>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm-constraints.html#term-End</prov:prov-dm-constraints>
<prov:category>qualified</prov:category>
<prov:prov-n>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-End</prov:prov-n>
<prov:definition>An activity end event is the instantaneous event that marks the instant an activity ends.</prov:definition>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An instance of prov:End provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasEndedBy relation from some ended prov:Activity to an prov:Entity that ended it. For example, :ball_game prov:wasEndedBy :buzzer; prov:qualified [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :buzzer; :foo :bar; prov:atTime '2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00'^^xsd:dateTime ].</rdfs:comment>
<prov:component>entities-activities</prov:component>
<prov:unqualifiedForm rdf:resource="&prov;wasEndedBy"/>
</owl:Class>
@@ -1205,10 +1220,10 @@
<prov:prov-dm rdf:datatype="&xsd;anyURI">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#section-entity-activity</prov:prov-dm>
<prov:component>entities-activities</prov:component>
<prov:definition xml:lang="en">An entity is a thing one wants to provide provenance for. For the purpose of this specification, things can be physical, digital, conceptual, or otherwise; things may be real or imaginary.</prov:definition>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An entity is a thing one wants to provide provenance for. For the purpose of this specification, things can be physical, digital, conceptual, or otherwise; things may be real or imaginary.</rdfs:comment>
<prov:prov-dm-constraints>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm-constraints.html#term-Entity</prov:prov-dm-constraints>
<prov:prov-n>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-Entity</prov:prov-n>
<prov:category>starting-point</prov:category>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An entity is a thing one wants to provide provenance for. For the purpose of this specification, things can be physical, digital, conceptual, or otherwise; things may be real or imaginary.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
@@ -1249,12 +1264,12 @@
<owl:Class rdf:about="&prov;Insertion">
<rdfs:label>Insertion</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&prov;CollectionInvolvement"/>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Insertion is a derivation that transforms a collection into another, by insertion of one or more key-value pairs.</rdfs:comment>
<prov:prov-dm>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-collection-insertion</prov:prov-dm>
<prov:prov-n>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-collection-insertion</prov:prov-n>
<prov:component>collections</prov:component>
<prov:prov-dm-constraints>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm-constraints.html#term-Collection</prov:prov-dm-constraints>
<prov:definition>Insertion is a derivation that transforms a collection into another, by insertion of one or more key-value pairs.</prov:definition>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Insertion is a derivation that transforms a collection into another, by insertion of one or more key-value pairs.</rdfs:comment>
<prov:category>collections</prov:category>
<prov:unqualifiedForm rdf:resource="&prov;derivedByInsertionFrom"/>
</owl:Class>
@@ -1270,7 +1285,7 @@
<prov:component>entities-activities</prov:component>
<prov:prov-dm></prov:prov-dm>
<prov:definition>An instantaneous event, or event for short, happens in the world and marks a change in the world, in its activities and in its entities. The term 'event' is commonly used in process algebra with a similar meaning. Events represent communications or interactions; they are assumed to be atomic and instantaneous.</prov:definition>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An instantaneous event, or event for short, happens in the world and marks a change in the world, in its activities and in its entities. The term 'event' is commonly used in process algebra with a similar meaning. Events represent communications or interactions; they are assumed to be atomic and instantaneous.</rdfs:comment>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An instantaneous event, or event for short, happens in the world and marks a change in the world, in its activities and in its entities. The term 'event' is commonly used in process algebra with a similar meaning. Events represent communications or interactions; they are assumed to be atomic and instantaneous.</rdfs:comment>
<prov:category>qualified</prov:category>
</owl:Class>
@@ -1302,10 +1317,10 @@
<owl:Class rdf:about="&prov;Location">
<rdfs:label>Location</rdfs:label>
<prov:definition>A location can be an identifiable geographic place (ISO 19112), but it can also be a non-geographic place such as a directory, row, or column. As such, there are numerous ways in which location can be expressed, such as by a coordinate, address, landmark, and so forth.</prov:definition>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A location can be an identifiable geographic place (ISO 19112), but it can also be a non-geographic place such as a directory, row, or column. As such, there are numerous ways in which location can be expressed, such as by a coordinate, address, landmark, and so forth.</rdfs:comment>
<prov:prov-n></prov:prov-n>
<prov:category>expanded</prov:category>
<prov:prov-dm-constraints></prov:prov-dm-constraints>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A location can be an identifiable geographic place (ISO 19112), but it can also be a non-geographic place such as a directory, row, or column. As such, there are numerous ways in which location can be expressed, such as by a coordinate, address, landmark, and so forth.</rdfs:comment>
<prov:prov-dm>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-attribute-location</prov:prov-dm>
<rdfs:seeAlso rdf:resource="&prov;hadLocation"/>
</owl:Class>
@@ -1346,8 +1361,8 @@
<rdfs:label>Organization</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&prov;Agent"/>
<prov:definition>Agents of type Organization are social institutions such as companies, societies etc.</prov:definition>
+ <prov:prov-dm-constraints></prov:prov-dm-constraints>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Agents of type Organization are social institutions such as companies, societies etc.</rdfs:comment>
- <prov:prov-dm-constraints></prov:prov-dm-constraints>
<prov:category>expanded</prov:category>
<prov:prov-n>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-types</prov:prov-n>
<prov:component>agents-responsibility</prov:component>
@@ -1366,8 +1381,8 @@
<prov:prov-dm>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-Agent</prov:prov-dm>
<prov:component>agents-responsibility</prov:component>
<prov:definition>Agents of type Person are people.</prov:definition>
+ <prov:prov-dm-constraints></prov:prov-dm-constraints>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Agents of type Person are people.</rdfs:comment>
- <prov:prov-dm-constraints></prov:prov-dm-constraints>
</owl:Class>
@@ -1411,8 +1426,8 @@
<rdfs:label>Removal</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&prov;CollectionInvolvement"/>
<prov:definition>Removal is a derivation that transforms a collection into another, by removing one or more key-value pairs.</prov:definition>
+ <prov:category>collections</prov:category>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Removal is a derivation that transforms a collection into another, by removing one or more key-value pairs.</rdfs:comment>
- <prov:category>collections</prov:category>
<prov:prov-dm-constraints>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm-constraints.html#term-Collection</prov:prov-dm-constraints>
<prov:prov-n>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-collection-removal</prov:prov-n>
<prov:prov-dm>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-collection-removal</prov:prov-dm>
@@ -1448,8 +1463,8 @@
<prov:component>derivations</prov:component>
<prov:category>qualified</prov:category>
<prov:definition>A revision is a derivation that revises an entity into a revised version.</prov:definition>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An instance of prov:Revision provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasRevisionOf relation from some prov:Entity to another prov:Entity. For example, :draft_2 prov:wasRevisionOf :draft_1; prov:qualified [ a prov:Source; prov:entity :draft_1; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
<prov:prov-n>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-Revision</prov:prov-n>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An instance of prov:Revision provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasRevisionOf relation from some prov:Entity to another prov:Entity. For example, :draft_2 prov:wasRevisionOf :draft_1; prov:qualified [ a prov:Source; prov:entity :draft_1; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
<prov:prov-dm>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-Revision</prov:prov-dm>
<prov:unqualifiedForm rdf:resource="&prov;wasRevisionOf"/>
</owl:Class>
@@ -1480,10 +1495,10 @@
<prov:prov-n>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-types</prov:prov-n>
<prov:prov-dm>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-Agent</prov:prov-dm>
<prov:prov-dm-constraints></prov:prov-dm-constraints>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A software agent is running software.</rdfs:comment>
<prov:component>agents-responsibility</prov:component>
<prov:category>expanded</prov:category>
<prov:definition>A software agent is running software.</prov:definition>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A software agent is running software.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
@@ -1494,9 +1509,9 @@
<rdfs:label>Source</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&prov;EntityInvolvement"/>
<prov:prov-n>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-original-source</prov:prov-n>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An instance of prov:Source provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:hadOriginalSource relation from some prov:Entity to another prov:Entity. For example, :blog prov:hadOriginalSource :newsArticle; prov:qualified [ a prov:Source; prov:entity :newsArticle; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
<prov:definition>An original source refers to the source material that is closest to the person, information, period, or idea being studied.</prov:definition>
<prov:prov-dm-constraints>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm-constraints.html#term-orignal-source</prov:prov-dm-constraints>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An instance of prov:Source provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:hadOriginalSource relation from some prov:Entity to another prov:Entity. For example, :blog prov:hadOriginalSource :newsArticle; prov:qualified [ a prov:Source; prov:entity :newsArticle; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
<prov:category>qualified</prov:category>
<prov:component>derivations</prov:component>
<prov:prov-dm>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-original-source</prov:prov-dm>
@@ -1509,16 +1524,16 @@
<owl:Class rdf:about="&prov;Start">
<rdfs:label>Start</rdfs:label>
- <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&prov;AgentInvolvement"/>
+ <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&prov;EntityInvolvement"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&prov;InstantaneousEvent"/>
<prov:definition>An activity start event is the instantaneous event that marks the instant an activity starts.</prov:definition>
<prov:prov-dm-constraints>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm-constraints.html#types-of-events</prov:prov-dm-constraints>
<prov:component>entities-activities</prov:component>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An instance of prov:Start provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasStartedBy relation from some started prov:Activity to an prov:Entity that started it. For example, :foot_race prov:wasStartedBy :bang; prov:qualified [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :bang; :foo :bar; prov:atTime '2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00'^^xsd:dateTime ].</rdfs:comment>
<prov:category>qualified</prov:category>
<prov:prov-n>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-n.html#expression-Start</prov:prov-n>
<prov:prov-dm-constraints>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm-constraints.html#term-Start</prov:prov-dm-constraints>
<prov:prov-dm>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-Start</prov:prov-dm>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An instance of prov:Start provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasStartedBy relation from some started prov:Activity to an prov:Entity that started it. For example, :foot_race prov:wasStartedBy :bang; prov:qualified [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :bang; :foo :bar; prov:atTime '2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00'^^xsd:dateTime ].</rdfs:comment>
<prov:unqualifiedForm rdf:resource="&prov;wasStartedBy"/>
</owl:Class>
@@ -1529,9 +1544,9 @@
<owl:Class rdf:about="&prov;StartByActivity">
<rdfs:label>StartByActivity</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&prov;ActivityInvolvement"/>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An instance of prov:StartedByActivity provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasStartedByActivity relation from some started prov:Activity to another prov:Activity started it. For example, :second_leg_of_relay prov:wasStartedByActivity :handed_baton; prov:qualified [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :handed_baton; :foo :bar; prov:atTime '2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00'^^xsd:dateTime ].</rdfs:comment>
<prov:prov-dm>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-wasStartedByActivity</prov:prov-dm>
<prov:definition>Start by Activity is the start of an activity with an implicit trigger generated by another activity.</prov:definition>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An instance of prov:StartedByActivity provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasStartedByActivity relation from some started prov:Activity to another prov:Activity started it. For example, :second_leg_of_relay prov:wasStartedByActivity :handed_baton; prov:qualified [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :handed_baton; :foo :bar; prov:atTime '2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00'^^xsd:dateTime ].</rdfs:comment>
<prov:category>qualified</prov:category>
<prov:prov-dm-constraints>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm-constraints.html#types-of-events</prov:prov-dm-constraints>
<prov:component>entities-activities</prov:component>
@@ -1570,9 +1585,9 @@
<prov:category>qualified</prov:category>
<prov:component>entities-activities</prov:component>
<prov:prov-dm-constraints>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm-constraints.html#types-of-events</prov:prov-dm-constraints>
- <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An instance of prov:Usage provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:used relation from some prov:Activity to an prov:Entity that it used. For example, :keynote prov:used :podium; prov:qualified [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :podium; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
<prov:prov-dm>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm.html#term-Usage</prov:prov-dm>
<prov:prov-dm-constraints>http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/prov-dm-constraints.html#term-Usage</prov:prov-dm-constraints>
+ <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An instance of prov:Usage provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:used relation from some prov:Activity to an prov:Entity that it used. For example, :keynote prov:used :podium; prov:qualified [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :podium; :foo :bar ].</rdfs:comment>
<prov:unqualifiedForm rdf:resource="&prov;used"/>
</owl:Class>
@@ -1605,5 +1620,5 @@
-<!-- Generated by the OWL API (version 3.1.0.20069) http://owlapi.sourceforge.net -->
+<!-- Generated by the OWL API (version 3.2.3.1824) http://owlapi.sourceforge.net -->
--- a/ontology/prov-o-html-sections/description-collections.inc.html Fri Apr 20 01:10:42 2012 +0100
+++ b/ontology/prov-o-html-sections/description-collections.inc.html Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -15,23 +15,7 @@
and <code>("k2", :e2)</code>.
</p>
-<pre class="example">
-@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
-@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
-
-:e1 a prov:Entity .
-:e2 a prov:Entity .
-:c1 a prov:Collection ;
- prov:knownMembership [ a prov:Membership ;
- prov:member [ a prov:KeyValuePair ;
- prov:key "k1"^^xsd:string ;
- prov:value :e1
- ] , [ a prov:KeyValuePair;
- prov:key "k2"^^xsd:string ;
- prov:value :e2
- ]
- ] .
-</pre>
+<pre class="example">{% escape %}{% include "includes/prov/examples/eg-26-provo-collections-narrative/rdf/membership.ttl" %}{% endescape %}</pre>
<p>It is worth noting that <code>:c1</code> MAY also
have other members (i.e. <code class="repeated">prov:knownMembership</code> is
@@ -54,26 +38,8 @@
:e1)</code> and <code>("k2", :e2)</code>.
</p>
-<pre class="example">
-@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
-@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+<pre class="example">{% escape %}{% include "includes/prov/examples/eg-26-provo-collections-narrative/rdf/insertion.ttl" %}{% endescape %}</pre>
-:e1 a prov:Entity .
-:e2 a prov:Entity .
-:c a prov:EmptyCollection .
-:c1 a prov:Collection .
- prov:derivedByInsertionFrom :c ;
- prov:qualifiedInsertion [ a prov:Insertion ;
- prov:collection :c ;
- prov:inserted [ a prov:KeyValuePair ;
- prov:key "k1"^^xsd:string ;
- prov:value :e1 ;
- ], [ a prov:KeyValuePair ;
- prov:key "k2"^^xsd:string ;
- prov:value :e2 ;
- ]
- ] .
-</pre>
<p>
Similarly, the example below specifies that the collection
@@ -82,18 +48,8 @@
<code>:c2</code>. Thus, <code>:c3</code> does not contain the
members <code>("k1", :e1)</code> and <code>("k2",
:e2(</code> from <code>:c2</code>.
+
+<pre class="example">{% escape %}{% include "includes/prov/examples/eg-26-provo-collections-narrative/rdf/removal.ttl" %}{% endescape %}</pre>
</p>
-<pre class="example">
-@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
-@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
-
-:c2 a prov:Collection .
-:c3 a prov:Collection .
- prov:derivedByRemovalFrom :c2 ;
- prov:qualifiedRemoval [ a prov:Removal ;
- prov:collection :c2 ;
- prov:removed "k1"^^xsd:string, "k3"^^xsd:string
- ] .
-</pre>
</section>
--- a/ontology/prov-o-html-sections/description-expanded-terms.inc.html Fri Apr 20 01:10:42 2012 +0100
+++ b/ontology/prov-o-html-sections/description-expanded-terms.inc.html Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -8,17 +8,75 @@
wasQuotatedFrom, hadQuotatedAgent, hadQuoterAgent, wasSummaryOf,
alternateOf, terms related to Collection? Bundle? Role?? , hadRole,
Location??, hadLocation?, wasStartedByActivity?? specializationOf?
-DanielG: I'd say that hadRole, hadLocation, collection, bundle, location, alternate, specialization should not be here.
*****End comments*********
-->
- <p>This section defines additional terms to describe provenance at a greater level of specificity (for example, <a href="#Person" class="qname">prov:Person</a> or <a href="#SoftwareAgent" class="qname">prov:SoftwareAgent</a> in place of <a href="#Agent" class="qname">prov:Agent</a>) and with more details (for example, <a href="#Location" class="qname">prov:Location</a> to describe the address of a <a href="#Organization" class="qname">prov:Organization</a>). In addition, the new terms in this section facilitate modeling of common provenance assertions related to web resources. For example, different version of a web page can be represented using the <a href="#wasRevisionOf" class="qname">prov:wasRevisionOf</a> property and the <a href="#hadOriginalSource" class="qname">prov:hadOriginalSource</a> property can be used to reference the original source of information used in a web resource. Many of the properties introduced in this section are also "shortcut" notations for combining the PROV-O terms introduced in Section 3.1 "Starting Point Terms", which make it easier for provenance annotation of a resource.
+ <p>This section defines additional terms for describing provenance at a greater level of specificity in Agents (i.e., <a href="#Person" class="qname">prov:Person</a> or
+ <a href="#SoftwareAgent" class="qname">prov:SoftwareAgent</a> and <a href="#Organization" class="qname">prov:Organization</a>) and entities
+ (<a href="#specializationOf" class="qname">prov:specializationOf</a> and <a href="#AlternateOf" class="qname">prov:AlternateOf</a>).
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Additionally, some of these terms provide the means to assert extended details about the concepts introduced in section 3.1
+ (<a href="#wasStartedBy" class="qname">prov:wasStartedBy</a> and (<a href="#wasEndedBy" class="qname">prov:wasEndedBy</a> in activities
+ and <a href="#Location" class="qname">prov:Location</a> in entities).
+
+ Further annotations on provenance records can be done through <a href="#Note" class="qname">prov:Notes</a>, although we can group the provenance statements in
+ <a href="#Account" class="qname">prov:Accounts</a> in order to keep the record of the provenance metadata itself.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The new terms in this section also facilitate the modeling of common provenance assertions related to web resources.
+ For example, different versions of a web page can be represented using the <a href="#wasRevisionOf" class="qname">prov:wasRevisionOf</a>
+ property, the <a href="#hadOriginalSource" class="qname">prov:hadOriginalSource</a> property can be used to reference the original source
+ of information used in a web resource and users can quote existent entities using the <a href="#wasQuotedFrom" class="qname">prov:wasQuotedFrom</a> property.
+ For expressing the dependency between two different entities, users can assert the <a href="#tracedTo" class="qname">prov:tracedTo</a> property.
+
</p>
<div class="exampleOuter">
- <p>We illustrate the use of the new terms using an example below </p>
- <pre class="example">
- {% include "includes/eg-22-blog-original-source.ttl" %}
- </pre>
+ <p>We illustrate below the use of the expanded terms using the crime file example from the previous section as reference. Agent Derek now publishes a post about
+ his work with the aggregated file, while Monica publishes an alternate version to reach a more casual audience.
+ </p>
+
+ <pre class="example">
+ {% escape %}{% include "includes/prov/examples/eg-25-extended-crime-file-example/rdf/extended-crime-file-pt1.ttl" %}{% endescape %}
+ </pre>
+
+ <p>
+ Agent <code>ex:derek</code>, acting again in behalf of the <code>ex:chartgenerators</code> organization,
+ publishes a post about his recent changes to the aggregated file (<code>ex:aggregatedByRegions</code>). He also provides the location for the crime file, so everyone knows the content he has been browsing,
+ and records the city where the publishing took place (Madrid). Since he is the one who started and ended the publishing activity (<code>ex:publicationActivity1123</code>), that information
+ is recorded as well. The post produced by <code>ex:derek</code> (<code>ex:post9821</code>) includes a permanent link where the content of the latest version is shown
+ (<code>ex:more-crime-happens-in-cities</code>) plus a snapshot of the content of the current version (<code>ex:postContent0</code>). Derek also adds additional metadata of the post, like the title.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ However, inmediately after having published the post, Derek detects a typo. He doesnt' want to record the activity that led to the new version, so he just creates a new version and
+ summarizes the changes in a revision of the original post(<code>ex:post9821v1</code>). This revision is also a specialization of the original post, since it is a refined version.
+ Thus, the location of the new revision has the same permalink, but a different url for its snapshot (<code>ex:postContent1</code>).
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Shortly after Derek's post publication, ex:monica adapts the text for a wider audience in a new version (<code>ex:post9821v2</code>). This version is an specialization of the original post,
+ and an alternate of the first version modified by Derek. Since the provenance produced by Derek and Monica is related to the same resources, the system
+ automatically groups it in the same <a href="#Account" class="qname">prov:Account</a> (<code>ex:accountPost</code>).
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Some time passes by, and John writes his own conclusions quoting the previous two posts:
+ </p>
+
+ <pre class="example">
+ {% escape %}{% include "includes/prov/examples/eg-25-extended-crime-file-example/rdf/extended-crime-file-pt2.ttl" %}{% endescape %}
+ </pre>
+
+ <p>
+ Agent <code>ex:John</code> also names the URI of the original source (<code>ex:aggregatedByRegions</code>). All the provenance statements related to his post
+ are grouped in a new <span class="repeated">prov:Account</span> (<code>ex:accountPost2</code>).
+
+ Finally, a web crawler (<code>ex:boogleParser</code>) parses the second post. The crawler acts in behalf of Boogle, an organization that want to index the posts. It also adds an
+ annotation on the second account (<code>ex:accountPost2</code>), stating at which date the parsing was made.
+ </p>
+
+ <pre class="example">
+ {% escape %}{% include "includes/prov/examples/eg-25-extended-crime-file-example/rdf/extended-crime-file-pt3.ttl" %}{% endescape %}
+ </pre>
+
</div>
</section>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/ontology/spwd/2012-04-18-vote-for-public-release/prov-o.html Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,7876 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html dir="ltr" lang="en"><head xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#">
+ <title>PROV-O: The PROV Ontology</title>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
+
+ <link href="prov-o_files/owl.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
+ <link href="prov-o_files/Primer.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
+ <link href="prov-o_files/rec.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
+ <link href="prov-o_files/extra.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
+ <!--
+ === NOTA BENE ===
+ For the three scripts below, if your spec resides on dev.w3 you can check them
+ out in the same tree and use relative links so that they'll work offline,
+ -->
+<!-- From DM -->
+ <style type="text/css">
+ .note { font-size:small; margin-left:50px }
+ table { text-align: center; vertical-align: middle }
+ </style>
+ <style type="text/css">
+ table.qualified-forms {
+ width: 75%;
+ }
+ ul.hlist {
+ margin: 20px;
+ }
+ table {
+ margin: 20px;
+ border:1px solid navy;
+ background-color: #F4FFFF;
+ }
+ table th {
+ background-color: LightGoldenRodYellow;
+ }
+ table tr {
+ padding: 2px;
+ border: 1px solid navy;
+ }
+ table td {
+ text-align: left;
+ padding-top: 5px;
+ padding-bottom: 5px;
+ padding-left: 15px;
+ padding-right: 15px;
+ }
+ table td.prov-attribute {
+ width: 20%
+ }
+ table.prov-detail a:visited {
+ color:black; text-decoration:none;
+ }
+ table.prov-detail a:link {
+ color:black; text-decoration:none;
+ }
+ .component-entities-activities {
+ border:1px solid gray;
+ background-color: #FFD4D4
+ }
+ .component-agents-responsibility {
+ border:1px solid gray;
+ background-color: #CCD9EE;
+ }
+ .component-derivations {
+ border:1px solid gray;
+ background-color: #CCEED9;
+ }
+ .component-collections {
+ border:1px solid gray;
+ background-color: #CED4D4;
+ }
+ .component-alternate {
+ border:1px solid gray;
+ background-color: #F4FFD9;
+ }
+ .component-annotations {
+ border:1px solid gray;
+ background-color: #FCE1CE;
+ }
+ span.repeated {
+ font-family: monospace;
+ }
+ a.qname {
+ font-family: monospace;
+ }
+ </style>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <style type="text/css">
+/*****************************************************************
+ * ReSpec CSS
+ * Robin Berjon (robin at berjon dot com)
+ * v0.05 - 2009-07-31
+ *****************************************************************/
+
+
+/* --- INLINES --- */
+em.rfc2119 {
+ text-transform: lowercase;
+ font-variant: small-caps;
+ font-style: normal;
+ color: #900;
+}
+
+h1 acronym, h2 acronym, h3 acronym, h4 acronym, h5 acronym, h6 acronym, a acronym,
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+}
+
+dfn {
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+a.internalDFN {
+ color: inherit;
+ border-bottom: 1px solid #99c;
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+a.externalDFN {
+ color: inherit;
+ border-bottom: 1px dotted #ccc;
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+a.bibref {
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+code {
+ color: #ff4500;
+}
+
+
+/* --- WEB IDL --- */
+pre.idl {
+ border-top: 1px solid #90b8de;
+ border-bottom: 1px solid #90b8de;
+ padding: 1em;
+ line-height: 120%;
+}
+
+pre.idl::before {
+ content: "WebIDL";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ background: #90b8de;
+ color: #fff;
+ font-family: initial;
+ padding: 3px;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ margin: -1em 0 1em -1em;
+}
+
+.idlType {
+ color: #ff4500;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ text-decoration: none;
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+/*.idlModuleID*/
+/*.idlInterface*/
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+ font-weight: bold;
+ color: #005a9c;
+}
+
+.idlSuperclass {
+ font-style: italic;
+ color: #005a9c;
+}
+
+/*.idlAttribute*/
+.idlAttrType, .idlFieldType, .idlMemberType {
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+}
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+ color: #ff4500;
+}
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+ color: #ff4500;
+ border-bottom: 1px dotted #ff4500;
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+}
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+ color: #005a9c;
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+ color: #ff4500;
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+ color: #ff4500;
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+ font-style: italic;
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+ color: #666;
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+ font-weight: bold;
+ color: #c00;
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+ color: #005a9c;
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+ font-family: monospace;
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+ width: 45px;
+ text-align: center;
+}
+.excGetSetTrue, .prmNullTrue, .prmOptTrue { color: #0c0; }
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+
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+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
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+ margin-left: 2em;
+}
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+ font-weight: normal;
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+ font-weight: bold;
+ color: #000;
+ font-family: monospace;
+}
+
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+ background: #ffffd2;
+}
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+ color: #005a9c;
+ background: transparent;
+ font-family: inherit;
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+
+.methods dt code {
+ background: #d9e6f8;
+}
+
+.constants dt code {
+ background: #ddffd2;
+}
+
+.attributes dd, .methods dd, .constants dd, .fields dd, .dictionary-members dd {
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+}
+
+table.parameters, table.exceptions {
+ border-spacing: 0;
+ border-collapse: collapse;
+ margin: 0.5em 0;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+table.parameters { border-bottom: 1px solid #90b8de; }
+table.exceptions { border-bottom: 1px solid #deb890; }
+
+.parameters th, .exceptions th {
+ color: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 5px;
+ text-align: left;
+ font-family: initial;
+ font-weight: normal;
+ text-shadow: #666 1px 1px 0;
+}
+.parameters th { background: #90b8de; }
+.exceptions th { background: #deb890; }
+
+.parameters td, .exceptions td {
+ padding: 3px 10px;
+ border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
+ vertical-align: top;
+}
+
+.parameters tr:first-child td, .exceptions tr:first-child td {
+ border-top: none;
+}
+
+.parameters td.prmName, .exceptions td.excName, .exceptions td.excCodeName {
+ width: 100px;
+}
+
+.parameters td.prmType {
+ width: 120px;
+}
+
+table.exceptions table {
+ border-spacing: 0;
+ border-collapse: collapse;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+/* --- TOC --- */
+.toc a {
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+a .secno {
+ color: #000;
+}
+
+/* --- TABLE --- */
+table.simple {
+ border-spacing: 0;
+ border-collapse: collapse;
+ border-bottom: 3px solid #005a9c;
+}
+
+.simple th {
+ background: #005a9c;
+ color: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 5px;
+ text-align: left;
+}
+
+.simple th[scope="row"] {
+ background: inherit;
+ color: inherit;
+ border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
+}
+
+.simple td {
+ padding: 3px 10px;
+ border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
+}
+
+.simple tr:nth-child(even) {
+ background: #f0f6ff;
+}
+
+/* --- DL --- */
+.section dd > p:first-child {
+ margin-top: 0;
+}
+
+.section dd > p:last-child {
+ margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+.section dd {
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+}
+
+.section dl.attrs dd, .section dl.eldef dd {
+ margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+/* --- EXAMPLES --- */
+pre.example {
+ border-top: 1px solid #ff4500;
+ border-bottom: 1px solid #ff4500;
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin-top: 1em;
+}
+
+pre.example::before {
+ content: "Example";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ background: #ff4500;
+ color: #fff;
+ font-family: initial;
+ padding: 3px;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ margin: -1em 0 1em -1em;
+}
+
+/* --- EDITORIAL NOTES --- */
+.issue {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #ffc;
+}
+
+.issue::before {
+ content: "Issue";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
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+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ padding: 1em;
+ border: 2px solid #cff6d9;
+ background: #e2fff0;
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+
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+ content: "Note";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #cff6d9;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+/* --- Best Practices --- */
+div.practice {
+ border: solid #bebebe 1px;
+ margin: 2em 1em 1em 2em;
+}
+
+span.practicelab {
+ margin: 1.5em 0.5em 1em 1em;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+
+span.practicelab { background: #dfffff; }
+
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+ top: -1.5em;
+}
+
+p.practicedesc {
+ margin: 1.5em 0.5em 1em 1em;
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+
+@media screen {
+ p.practicedesc {
+ position: relative;
+ top: -2em;
+ padding: 0;
+ margin: 1.5em 0.5em -1em 1em;
+ }
+}
+
+/* --- SYNTAX HIGHLIGHTING --- */
+pre.sh_sourceCode {
+ background-color: white;
+ color: black;
+ font-style: normal;
+ font-weight: normal;
+}
+
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_keyword { color: #005a9c; font-weight: bold; } /* language keywords */
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+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_number { color: purple; } /* literal numbers */
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+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_cbracket { color: red; } /* block brackets (e.g., {, }) */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_todo { font-weight: bold; background-color: #00FFFF; } /* TODO and FIXME */
+
+/* Predefined variables and functions (for instance glsl) */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_predef_var { color: #00008B; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_predef_func { color: #00008B; font-weight: bold; }
+
+/* for OOP */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_classname { color: teal; }
+
+/* line numbers (not yet implemented) */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_linenum { display: none; }
+
+/* Internet related */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_url { color: blue; text-decoration: underline; font-family: monospace; }
+
+/* for ChangeLog and Log files */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_date { color: blue; font-weight: bold; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_time, pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_file { color: #00008B; font-weight: bold; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_ip, pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_name { color: #006400; }
+
+/* for Prolog, Perl... */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_variable { color: #006400; }
+
+/* for LaTeX */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_italics { color: #006400; font-style: italic; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_bold { color: #006400; font-weight: bold; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_underline { color: #006400; text-decoration: underline; }
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+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_argument { color: #006400; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_optionalargument { color: purple; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_math { color: orange; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_bibtex { color: blue; }
+
+/* for diffs */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_oldfile { color: orange; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_newfile { color: #006400; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_difflines { color: blue; }
+
+/* for css */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_selector { color: purple; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_property { color: blue; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_value { color: #006400; font-style: italic; }
+
+/* other */
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_section { color: black; font-weight: bold; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_paren { color: red; }
+pre.sh_sourceCode .sh_attribute { color: #006400; }
+
+</style><style type="text/css">
+/* --- EDITORIAL NOTES --- */
+.pending {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #BFEFFF;
+}
+
+.pending::before {
+ content: "Pending Review";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+.resolved {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #9BCD9B;
+}
+
+.resolved::before {
+ content: "Resolved";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+.inference {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+}
+
+.inference::before {
+ content: "Inference";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+.unamedconstraint {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #00f;
+ background: #fff;
+}
+
+
+.unamedconstraint::before {
+ content: "Constraint";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #00f;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+
+.constraint {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #00f;
+ background: #fff;
+}
+
+.constraint[id]::before {
+ content: "Constraint: " attr(id);
+ width: 380px; /* How can we compute the length of "Constraint: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.constraint::before {
+ content: "Constraint";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #00f;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+
+.conditional {
+ color: blue;
+}
+
+.grammar {
+ margin-top: 1ex;
+ margin-bottom: 1ex;
+ padding-left: 1ex;
+ padding-right: 1ex;
+ padding-top: 1ex;
+ padding-bottom: 0.6ex;
+ border: 1px dashed #2f6fab;
+ font-family: monospace;
+}
+.nonterminal {
+ font-weight: bold;
+ font-family: sans-serif;
+ font-size: 95%;
+}
+
+.name {
+ font-family: monospace;
+}
+
+
+.xmpl {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+}
+
+.xmpl::before {
+ content: "Example";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+/* added prov-wg lebot */
+
+.hlist {
+ border: 1px solid navy;
+ padding:5px;
+ background-color: #F4FFFF;
+}
+
+.hlist li {
+ display: inline;
+ display: inline-table;
+ list-style-type: none;
+ padding-right: 20px;
+
+}
+</style><link charset="utf-8" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="prov-o_files/W3C-ED.css"></head>
+ <body style="display: inherit;"><div class="head"><p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img src="prov-o_files/w3c_home.png" alt="W3C" height="48" width="72"></a></p><h1 class="title" id="title">PROV-O: The PROV Ontology</h1><h2 id="w3c-editor-s-draft-18-april-2012"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Editor's Draft 18 April 2012</h2><dl><dt>This version:</dt><dd><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/ontology/ProvenanceFormalModel.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/ontology/ProvenanceFormalModel.html</a></dd><dt>Latest published version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a></dd><dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt><dd><a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/ontology/ProvenanceFormalModel.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/ontology/ProvenanceFormalModel.html</a></dd><dt>Previous version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-o-20111213/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-o-20111213/</a></dd><dt>Editors:</dt><dd><a href="http://tw.rpi.edu/instances/TimLebo">Timothy Lebo</a>, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://cci.case.edu/cci/index.php/Satya_Sahoo">Satya Sahoo</a>, Case Western Reserve University, USA</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://tw.rpi.edu/instances/Deborah_L_McGuinness">Deborah McGuinness</a>, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA</dd>
+<dd><span>Mike Lang, Jr.</span>, Revelytix, USA</dd>
+<dt>Authors:</dt><dd><span>(In alphabetical order)</span></dd>
+<dd><a href="http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Khalid_Belhajjame">Khalid Belhajjame</a>, University of Manchester, UK</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jcheney/">James Cheney</a>, University of Edinburgh, UK</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://www.oeg-upm.net/index.php/en/phdstudents/28-dgarijo">Daniel Garijo</a>, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://soiland-reyes.com/stian/">Stian Soiland-Reyes</a>, University of Manchester, UK</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://tw.rpi.edu/web/person/StephanZednik">Stephan Zednik</a>, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA</dd>
+<dd><a href="http://users.ox.ac.uk/%7Ezool0770/">Jun Zhao</a>, University of Oxford, UK</dd>
+</dl><p class="copyright"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> © 2012 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym></a><sup>®</sup> (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.</p><hr></div>
+
+ <div class="introductory section" id="abstract"><h2>Abstract</h2>
+ <p>The PROV Ontology (PROV-O) expresses the PROV Data Model using
+the OWL2 Web Ontology Language (OWL2). It provides a set of classes,
+properties, and restrictions that can be used to represent and
+interchange provenance information generated in different systems and
+under different contexts. It can also be specialized to create new
+classes and properties to model provenance information specific to
+different domain applications.
+ </p>
+
+ <p style="text-align: center;">The OWL encoding of the PROV Ontology is available <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/ontology/ProvenanceOntology.owl">here</a>.
+ </p>
+ </div><div id="sotd" class="introductory section"><h2>Status of This Document</h2><p><em>This
+ section describes the status of this document at the time of its
+publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of
+current <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> technical reports index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em></p>
+ <p>
+ This specification defines the PROV Ontology as the normative
+representation of the PROV Data Model using the Web Ontology Language
+(OWL2). This document is part of a set of specifications being created
+to address the issue of provenance interchange in Web applications. This
+ document is accompanied by (1) the PROV Data Model, (2) the PROV Access
+ and Query, and (3) the Primer documents.
+ </p>
+ <p>This document was published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/">Provenance Working Group</a> as an Editor's Draft. If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to <a href="mailto:public-prov-wg@w3.org">public-prov-wg@w3.org</a> (<a href="mailto:public-prov-wg-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>, <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-wg/">archives</a>). All feedback is welcome.</p><p>Publication as an Editor's Draft does not imply endorsement by the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>
+ Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or
+obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite
+this document as other than work in progress.</p><p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>. <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46974/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent disclosures</a>
+ made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also
+includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has
+actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>.</p></div><div class="section" id="toc"><h2 class="introductory">Table of Contents</h2><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#introduction"><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#prov-o-at-a-glance"><span class="secno">2. </span>PROV-O at a glance</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#description"><span class="secno">3. </span>The PROV-O Ontology Description</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#description-starting-point-terms"><span class="secno">3.1 </span>Starting Point Terms</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#description-expanded-terms"><span class="secno">3.2 </span>Expanded Terms</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#description-qualified-terms"><span class="secno">3.3 </span>Qualified Terms</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#description-collections"><span class="secno">3.4 </span>Collections Terms</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#cross-reference"><span class="secno">4. </span>Cross reference for PROV-O classes and properties</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#cross-reference-starting-point-terms"><span class="secno">4.1 </span>Starting Point Terms</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#cross-reference-additional-terms"><span class="secno">4.2 </span>Expanded Terms</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#cross-reference-qualified-terms"><span class="secno">4.3 </span>Qualified Terms</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#cross-reference-collection-terms"><span class="secno">4.4 </span>Collections Terms</a></li></ul></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#acknowledgements"><span class="secno">A. </span>Acknowledgements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#references"><span class="secno">B. </span>References</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#normative-references"><span class="secno">B.1 </span>Normative references</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#informative-references"><span class="secno">B.2 </span>Informative references</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="section" id="introduction">
+ <!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">1. </span>Introduction</h2>
+ <p>The PROV Ontology (PROV-O) defines the normative OWL2 Web Ontology Language encoding of the PROV Data Model [<cite><a href="#bib-PROV-DM" rel="biblioentry" class="bibref">PROV-DM</a></cite>].
+ This document describes the set of classes, properties, and
+restrictions that constitute the PROV Ontology. This ontology
+specification provides the foundation to implement provenance
+applications in different domains that can represent, exchange, and
+integrate provenance information generated in different systems and
+under different contexts. Together with the PROV Access and Query [<cite><a href="#bib-PROV-PAQ" rel="biblioentry" class="bibref">PROV-PAQ</a></cite>] and PROV Data Model [<cite><a href="#bib-PROV-DM" rel="biblioentry" class="bibref">PROV-DM</a></cite>],
+ this document forms a framework for provenance information interchange
+and management in domain-specific Web-based applications.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ PROV-O conforms to the OWL-RL profile and is lightweight so that it
+can be adopted in the widest range of applications. The PROV Ontology
+classes and properties are defined such that they can not only be used
+directly to represent provenance information, but also can be
+specialized for modeling application-specific provenance details in a
+variety of domains. Thus, the PROV Ontology is expected to be both
+directly usable in applications as well as serve as a <i>reference model</i>
+ for creating domain-specific provenance ontologies and thereby
+facilitate interoperable provenance modeling. To demonstrate the use of
+PROV-O classes and properties, this document uses an example provenance
+scenario similar to the one introduced in the PROV-Primer [<cite><a href="#bib-PROV-PRIMER" rel="biblioentry" class="bibref">PROV-PRIMER</a></cite>]. PROV-O conforms to the OWL-RL profile and is lightweight so that it can be adopted in the widest range of applications.
+ </p>
+ <!--p>
+ Finally, this document describes the formal semantics of the PROV Ontology using the OWL2 semantics, [[!OWL2-DIRECT-SEMANTICS]], [[!OWL2-RDF-BASED-SEMANTICS]], and a set of provenance-specific inference rules. This is expected to support provenance implementations to automatically check for consistency of provenance information represented using PROV Ontology and explicitly assert implicit provenance knowledge.
+ </p-->
+ <p> The PROV Data Model [<cite><a href="#bib-PROV-DM" rel="biblioentry" class="bibref">PROV-DM</a></cite>]
+ introduces a minimal set of concepts to represent provenance
+information in a variety of application domains. This document maps the
+PROV Data Model to PROV Ontology using the OWL2 ontology language, which
+ facilitates a fixed interpretation and use of the PROV Data Model
+concepts based on the formal semantics of OWL2 [<cite><a href="#bib-OWL2-RDF-BASED-SEMANTICS" rel="biblioentry" class="bibref">OWL2-RDF-BASED-SEMANTICS</a></cite>].
+ </p>
+
+ <p> We briefly introduce some of the OWL2 modeling terms that will be used to describe the PROV Ontology. An OWL2 <i>instance</i>
+ is an individual object in a domain of discourse, for example a person
+named Alice or a car, and a set of individuals sharing a set of
+additional characteristics is called a <i>class</i>. Person and Car are
+examples of classes representing the set of individual persons and cars
+respectively. The OWL2 object properties are used to link individuals,
+classes, or create a property hierarchy. For example, the object
+property "hasOwner" can be used to link car with person. The OWL2
+datatype properties are used to link individuals or classes to data
+values, including XML Schema datatypes [<cite><a href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA-2" rel="biblioentry" class="bibref">XMLSCHEMA-2</a></cite>].
+ </p>
+
+ <p>The key words "<em title="must" class="rfc2119">must</em>", "<em title="must not" class="rfc2119">must not</em>", "<em title="required" class="rfc2119">required</em>", "<em title="shall" class="rfc2119">shall</em>", "<em title="shall not" class="rfc2119">shall not</em>", "<em title="should" class="rfc2119">should</em>", "<em title="should not" class="rfc2119">should not</em>", "<em title="recommended" class="rfc2119">recommended</em>", "<em title="may" class="rfc2119">may</em>", and "<em title="optional" class="rfc2119">optional</em>" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [<cite><a href="#bib-RFC2119" rel="biblioentry" class="bibref">RFC2119</a></cite>].</p>
+ </div> <!-- Introduction -->
+
+
+
+ <div class="section" id="prov-o-at-a-glance">
+ <!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">2. </span>PROV-O at a glance</h2>
+
+ <p>PROV-O users may only need to use parts of the entire ontology,
+ depending on their needs and according to how much detail they want to
+include in their provenance information. For this, the PROV-O terms
+(classes and properties) are grouped into four categories to provide an
+incremental introduction to the ontology: Starting Point terms, Expanded
+ terms, terms for Qualifying relationships, and terms for Collections.
+ </p>
+ <p><strong>Starting Point classes and properties</strong> provide
+the basis for the rest of the PROV Ontology and thus it is recommended
+that readers become comfortable with how to apply these terms before
+continuing to the remaining categories. These terms are used to create
+simple provenance descriptions that can be elaborated using terms from
+other categories. The classes and properties in this category are listed
+ below and are discussed in <a href="#description-starting-point-terms">Section 3.1</a>.</p>
+
+<div id="prov-starting-point-owl-classes-at-a-glance" class="prov-starting-point owl-classes at-a-glance">
+ <ul class="hlist">
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Activity">prov:Activity</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Agent">prov:Agent</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Entity">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+</div>
+
+<div id="prov-starting-point-owl-properties-at-a-glance" class="prov-starting-point owl-properties at-a-glance">
+ <ul class="hlist">
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#actedOnBehalfOf">prov:actedOnBehalfOf</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="datatype-property">
+ <a href="#endedAtTime">prov:endedAtTime</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="datatype-property">
+ <a href="#startedAtTime">prov:startedAtTime</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#used">prov:used</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#wasAssociatedWith">prov:wasAssociatedWith</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#wasAttributedTo">prov:wasAttributedTo</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#wasDerivedFrom">prov:wasDerivedFrom</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#wasGeneratedBy">prov:wasGeneratedBy</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#wasInformedBy">prov:wasInformedBy</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#wasStartedByActivity">prov:wasStartedByActivity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+</div>
+
+
+ <p><strong>Expanded classes and properties</strong> provide
+additional terms that can be used to relate classes in the Starting
+Point category. The terms in this category are applied in the same way
+as the terms in the Starting Point category. Many of the terms in this
+category are subclasses or subproperties of those in the Starting Point
+category. The classes and properties in this category are listed below
+and are discussed in <a href="#description-expanded-terms">Section 3.2</a>.</p>
+
+<div id="prov-expanded-owl-classes-at-a-glance" class="prov-expanded owl-classes at-a-glance">
+ <ul class="hlist">
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Account">prov:Account</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Location">prov:Location</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Note">prov:Note</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Organization">prov:Organization</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Person">prov:Person</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#SoftwareAgent">prov:SoftwareAgent</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+</div>
+
+<div id="prov-expanded-owl-properties-at-a-glance" class="prov-expanded owl-properties at-a-glance">
+ <ul class="hlist">
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#alternateOf">prov:alternateOf</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#atLocation">prov:atLocation</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#generated">prov:generated</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#hadOriginalSource">prov:hadOriginalSource</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#hasAnnotation">prov:hasAnnotation</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#specializationOf">prov:specializationOf</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#tracedTo">prov:tracedTo</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#wasEndedBy">prov:wasEndedBy</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#wasQuotedFrom">prov:wasQuotedFrom</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#wasRevisionOf">prov:wasRevisionOf</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#wasStartedBy">prov:wasStartedBy</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+</div>
+
+
+ <p><strong>Qualified classes and properties</strong> provide
+elaborated information about binary relations asserted using Starting
+Point and Expanded properties. The terms in this category are applied
+using a pattern that differs from those in the Starting Point and
+Expanded categories. While the relations from the previous two
+categories are applied as direct, binary assertions, the terms in this
+category are used to provide additional attributes of the binary
+relations. The pattern used in this category allows users to provide
+elaborate details that are not available using only Starting Point and
+Expanded terms. The classes and properties in this category are listed
+below and are discussed in <a href="#description-qualified-terms">Section 3.3</a>.</p>
+
+<div id="prov-qualified-owl-classes-at-a-glance" class="prov-qualified owl-classes at-a-glance">
+ <ul class="hlist">
+ <li>
+ <a href="#ActivityInvolvement">prov:ActivityInvolvement</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#AgentInvolvement">prov:AgentInvolvement</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Association">prov:Association</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Attribution">prov:Attribution</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Communication">prov:Communication</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Derivation">prov:Derivation</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#End">prov:End</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#EntityInvolvement">prov:EntityInvolvement</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Generation">prov:Generation</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#InstantaneousEvent">prov:InstantaneousEvent</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Involvement">prov:Involvement</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Plan">prov:Plan</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Quotation">prov:Quotation</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Responsibility">prov:Responsibility</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Revision">prov:Revision</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Role">prov:Role</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Source">prov:Source</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Start">prov:Start</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#StartByActivity">prov:StartByActivity</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Trace">prov:Trace</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Usage">prov:Usage</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+</div>
+
+<div id="prov-qualified-owl-properties-at-a-glance" class="prov-qualified owl-properties at-a-glance">
+ <ul class="hlist">
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#activity">prov:activity</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#agent">prov:agent</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="datatype-property">
+ <a href="#atTime">prov:atTime</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#entity">prov:entity</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#hadActivity">prov:hadActivity</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#hadGeneration">prov:hadGeneration</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#hadPlan">prov:hadPlan</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#hadQuoted">prov:hadQuoted</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#hadQuoter">prov:hadQuoter</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#hadRole">prov:hadRole</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#hadUsage">prov:hadUsage</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#involved">prov:involved</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedAssociation">prov:qualifiedAssociation</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedAttribution">prov:qualifiedAttribution</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedCommunication">prov:qualifiedCommunication</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedDerivation">prov:qualifiedDerivation</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedEnd">prov:qualifiedEnd</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedGeneration">prov:qualifiedGeneration</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedQuotation">prov:qualifiedQuotation</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedResponsibility">prov:qualifiedResponsibility</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedRevision">prov:qualifiedRevision</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedSource">prov:qualifiedSource</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedStart">prov:qualifiedStart</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedStartByActivity">prov:qualifiedStartByActivity</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedTrace">prov:qualifiedTrace</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedUsage">prov:qualifiedUsage</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+</div>
+
+
+ <!-- Khalid's desired take away: Relations between the starting point classes can be specified using the starting object properties. However, in certain cases, users may want to provide elaborated information about such relations. Qualified classes and properties provides users with the means to do so. -->
+ <p><strong>Collection classes and properties</strong> are
+specializations of the Starting Point and Qualified terms that describe
+the provenance of collections as key-value pairs that are inserted and
+removed to create new collections. The classes and properties in this
+category are listed below and are discussed in <a href="#description-collections">Section 3.4</a>.</p>
+
+<div id="prov-collections-owl-classes-at-a-glance" class="prov-collections owl-classes at-a-glance">
+ <ul class="hlist">
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Collection">prov:Collection</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#CollectionInvolvement">prov:CollectionInvolvement</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#EmptyCollection">prov:EmptyCollection</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Insertion">prov:Insertion</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#KeyValuePair">prov:KeyValuePair</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Membership">prov:Membership</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Removal">prov:Removal</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+</div>
+
+<div id="prov-collections-owl-properties-at-a-glance" class="prov-collections owl-properties at-a-glance">
+ <ul class="hlist">
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#collection">prov:collection</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#derivedByInsertionFrom">prov:derivedByInsertionFrom</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#derivedByRemovalFrom">prov:derivedByRemovalFrom</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#inserted">prov:inserted</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="datatype-property">
+ <a href="#key">prov:key</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#member">prov:member</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#membership">prov:membership</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedInsertion">prov:qualifiedInsertion</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedRemoval">prov:qualifiedRemoval</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="datatype-property">
+ <a href="#removedKey">prov:removedKey</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#value">prov:value</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+</div>
+
+
+ <div>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </div> <!-- PROV-O at a glance -->
+
+
+
+ <div class="section" id="description">
+ <!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">3. </span>The PROV-O Ontology Description</h2>
+ <p>This section introduces the terms in each of the following categories:
+ </p>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="#description-starting-point-terms">Starting Point Terms</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#description-expanded-terms">Expanded Terms</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#description-qualified-terms">Qualified Terms</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#description-collections-terms">Collections Terms</a></li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="section" id="description-starting-point-terms">
+ <h3><span class="secno">3.1 </span>Starting Point Terms</h3>
+ <p>The Starting Point category is a small collection of classes
+and properties that can be used to create simple, initial provenance
+descriptions.
+ Three classes provide a basis for the rest of PROV-O:
+ </p>
+ <ul>
+ <li> <a class="qname" href="#Entity">prov:Entity</a>: An entity is a thing one wants to provide provenance for. Things can be physical, digital, conceptual, or otherwise.
+ </li>
+ <li> <a class="qname" href="#Activity">prov:Activity</a>: An
+ activity is something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon
+or with entities. This action can take multiple forms: consuming,
+processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, generating, etc.
+ </li>
+ <li> <a class="qname" href="#Agent">prov:Agent</a>: An agent
+ bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place.
+Further, an agent may act on behalf of another agent when involved with
+an activity.
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ <p>These three classes and the properties that relate them are illustrated in the following figure.
+ </p>
+
+ <div style="text-align: center;">
+ <figure>
+ <img src="prov-o_files/Starting-points-terms.png" style="width: 50%; min-width: 25em; max-width: 60em;" alt="PROV-O Starting Point terms">
+ <figcaption>Figure 1. The three Starting Point classes and the properties that relate them.</figcaption>
+ </figure>
+ </div>
+
+ <p>
+ Entities are related to each other using derivation, which is used to
+ specify that the creation/existence of an entity was influenced in some
+ way by the consumption of another entity.
+ An entity can be attributed to an agent to specify that the entity was
+ generated by some activity that the agent in question was associated
+ with.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>
+ Activities may depend on each other. PROV-O distinguishes between two
+ kinds of dependencies which are specified using the properties
+ <a href="#wasInformedBy" class="qname">prov:wasInformedBy</a> and <a href="#wasStartedByActivity" class="qname">prov:wasStartedByActivity</a>.
+ The first is used to specify that an activity used an entity that was
+ generated by another activity, and the second is used to specify that an
+ activity was started or triggered by another activity.
+ </p>
+
+ <!--div class="issue">
+ Luc has general comments in <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/117">ISSUE-117</a>
+ </div>
+ <div class="issue">
+ Vanilla RDF versus OWL <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/119">ISSUE-119</a>
+ </div>
+ <div class="issue">
+ Location concerns <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/128">ISSUE-128</a>
+ </div>
+ <div class="issue">
+ Diagram consistency <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/227">ISSUE-227</a>
+ </div>
+ <div class="issue">
+ Eric's comments <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/250">ISSUE-250</a>
+ </div>
+ <div class="issue">
+ Conforming to W3C Style guides <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/308">ISSUE-308</a>
+ </div-->
+
+
+ <div class="exampleOuter">
+ <p>The following PROV-O describes the resources involved when
+ creating a chart about crime statistics. The example uses only Starting
+ Point terms and serves as a basis for elaboration that will be
+described in subsequent sections. In the example, Derek performs an
+aggregation of some government crime data, grouping by national regions
+that are described in a separate dataset by a civil action group.
+ </p>
+ <pre class="example">@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+@prefix ex: <http://example.org#> .
+
+ex:bar_chart
+ a prov:Entity;
+ prov:wasGeneratedBy ex:illustrationActivity;
+ prov:wasDerivedFrom ex:aggregatedByRegions;
+.
+
+ex:illustrationActivity
+ a prov:Activity;
+ prov:used ex:aggregatedByRegions;
+ prov:wasAssociatedWith ex:derek;
+ prov:wasInformedBy ex:aggregationActivity;
+.
+
+ex:aggregatedByRegions
+ a prov:Entity;
+ prov:wasGeneratedBy ex:aggregationActivity;
+.
+
+ex:aggregationActivity
+ a prov:Activity;
+ prov:wasStartedAt "2011-07-14T01:01:01Z"^^xsd:dateTime;
+ prov:wasAssociatedWith ex:derek;
+ prov:used ex:crimeData;
+ prov:used ex:nationalRegionsList;
+ prov:wasEndedAt "2011-07-14T02:02:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime;
+.
+
+ex:crimeData
+ a prov:Entity;
+ prov:wasAttributedTo ex:government;
+.
+ex:nationalRegionsList
+ a prov:Entity;
+ prov:wasAttributedTo ex:civil_action_group;
+.
+
+ex:aggregatedByRegions prov:wasAttributedTo ex:derek .
+ex:bar_chart prov:wasAttributedTo ex:derek .
+
+ex:derek
+ a prov:Agent;
+ a foaf:Person;
+ foaf:givenName "Derek"^^xsd:string;
+ foaf:mbox <mailto:dererk@example.org>;
+ prov:actedOnBehalfOf ex:chartgen
+.
+
+ex:chartgen
+ a prov:Agent;
+ a prov:Organization;
+ foaf:name "Chart Generators";
+.
+
+ex:government a prov:Organization, foaf:Organization .
+ex:civil_action_group a prov:Organization, foaf:Organization .</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The example states that the agent <code>ex:derek</code> was associated with two
+ activities: <code>ex:aggregationActivity</code> and <code>ex:illustrationActivity</code>. The
+ activity <code>ex:aggregationActivity</code> used
+ the entities <code>ex:crimeData</code> (a crime statistics dataset) and <code>ex:nationalRegionsList</code> (a list of national regions), and
+ generated a new entity, <code>ex:aggregatedByRegions</code>, that aggregates the statistics in
+ <code>ex:crimeData</code> according to the regions in <code>ex:nationalRegionsList</code>.
+ The <code>ex:aggregatedByRegions</code> entity was then used by the <code>ex:illustrationActivity</code> activity,
+ to generate a new entity <code>ex:chart1</code> that depicts the aggregated statistics.
+ </p>
+
+ <p> The example also states that the activity <code>ex:illustrationActivity</code> was
+ informed by the activity <code>ex:aggregationActivity</code>. Indeed, the former used
+ the entity <code>ex:aggregatedByRegions</code>, which was generated by the latter.
+ </p>
+
+ <p> Because the agent <code>ex:derek</code> was associated with the activities
+ <code>ex:aggregationActivity</code> and <code>ex:illustrationActivity</code>, the entities
+ generated by these activities, i.e., <code>ex:aggregatedByRegions</code> and <code>ex:chart1</code>, were
+ attributed to him.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>Finally, the example states that the agent <code>ex:derek</code> acted on behalf of the organization <code>ex:chartgen</code>.
+ </p>
+
+ </div> <!-- Starting Points in PROV-O -->
+
+ <div class="section" id="description-expanded-terms">
+ <h3><span class="secno">3.2 </span>Expanded Terms</h3>
+ <!-- *****Initial comments*****
+This section presents the rest of classes and properties textually
+without using a diagram. We may use some examples in English.
+The classes and properties covered in this section are:
+Note, hasAnnotation, tracedTo, wasRevisionOf, hadOriginalSource,
+wasQuotatedFrom, hadQuotatedAgent, hadQuoterAgent, wasSummaryOf,
+alternateOf, terms related to Collection? Bundle? Role?? , hadRole,
+Location??, hadLocation?, wasStartedByActivity?? specializationOf?
+*****End comments*********
+ -->
+
+ <p>This section defines additional terms for describing provenance at a greater level of specificity in Agents (i.e., <a href="#Person" class="qname">prov:Person</a> or
+ <a href="#SoftwareAgent" class="qname">prov:SoftwareAgent</a> and <a href="#Organization" class="qname">prov:Organization</a>) and entities
+ (<a href="#specializationOf" class="qname">prov:specializationOf</a> and <a href="#AlternateOf" class="qname">prov:AlternateOf</a>).
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Additionally, some of these terms provide the means to assert extended details about the concepts introduced in section 3.1
+ (<a href="#wasStartedBy" class="qname">prov:wasStartedBy</a> and (<a href="#wasEndedBy" class="qname">prov:wasEndedBy</a> in activities
+ and <a href="#Location" class="qname">prov:Location</a> in entities).
+
+ Further annotations on provenance records can be done through <a href="#Note" class="qname">prov:Notes</a>, although we can group the provenance statements in
+ <a href="#Account" class="qname">prov:Accounts</a> in order to keep the record of the provenance metadata itself.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The new terms in this section also facilitate the modeling of common provenance assertions related to web resources.
+ For example, different versions of a web page can be represented using the <a href="#wasRevisionOf" class="qname">prov:wasRevisionOf</a>
+ property, the <a href="#hadOriginalSource" class="qname">prov:hadOriginalSource</a> property can be used to reference the original source
+ of information used in a web resource and users can quote existent entities using the <a href="#wasQuotedFrom" class="qname">prov:wasQuotedFrom</a> property.
+ For expressing the dependency between two different entities, users can assert the <a href="#tracedTo" class="qname">prov:tracedTo</a> property.
+
+ </p>
+
+ <div class="exampleOuter">
+ <p>We illustrate below the use of the expanded terms using
+the crime file example from the previous section as reference. Agent
+Derek now publishes a post about
+ his work with the aggregated file, while Monica publishes an
+alternate version to reach a more casual audience.
+ </p>
+
+ <pre class="example">@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+@prefix ex: <http://example.org#> .
+@prefix sioc: <http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#Post> .
+
+ex:accountPost{
+ ex:accountPost
+ a prov:Account
+ .
+ ex:derek
+ a prov:Agent;
+ a foaf:Person;
+ foaf:givenName "Derek"^^xsd:string;
+ foaf:mbox <mailto:dererk@example.org>;
+ prov:actedOnBehalfOf ex:chartgen
+ .
+ ex:monica
+ a prov:Agent;
+ a foaf:Person;
+ foaf:givenName "Monica"^^xsd:string;
+ foaf:mbox <mailto:monica@example.org>
+ .
+
+ ex:chartgen
+ a prov:Agent;
+ a prov:Organization;
+ foaf:name "Chart Generators"
+ .
+
+ ex:aggregatedByRegions
+ a prov:Entity;
+ prov:atLocation <file://Users/aggr.txt>
+ .
+
+ ex:post9821
+ a prov:Entity, sioc:Post;
+ prov:wasGeneratedBy ex:publicationActivity1123;
+ prov:atLocation ex:more-crime-happens-in-cities; ##PERMALINK of the post
+ ex:snapshotContent ex:postContent0; ##Snapshot with the content of this version
+ prov:qualifiedGeneration [
+ a prov:Generation;
+ prov:activity ex:publicationActivity1123;
+ prov:atTime "2011-07-16T01:52:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime;
+ prov:atLocation <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Madrid>.
+ ];
+ sioc:title "More crime happens in cities"^^xsd:string;
+ prov:hadOriginalSource ex:aggregatedByRegions;
+ prov:wasAttributedTo ex:dereck
+ .
+
+ ##Version 2 of the post
+ ex:post9821v1
+ a prov:Entity, sioc:Post;
+ prov:atLocation ex:more-crime-happens-in-cities; ##PERMALINK of the post
+ ex:snapshotContent ex:postContent1; ##Snapshot with the content of this version
+ prov:wasRevisionOf ex:post9821;
+ prov:specializationOf ex:post9821;
+ prov:wasAttributedTo ex:dereck
+ .
+
+ ##Rephrasing of the post in a new version
+ ex:post9821v2
+ a prov:Entity, sioc:Post;
+ prov:atLocation ex:more-crime-happens-in-cities-for-dummies; ##PERMALINK of the post
+ ex:snapshotContent ex:postContent2; ##Snapshot with the content of this version
+ prov:alternateOf ex:post9821v1;
+ prov:specializationOf ex:post9821;
+ prov:tracedTo ex:aggregatedByRegions; ##If the file hadn't existed, Monica would have not written the post
+ sioc:title "More crime happens in cities for dummies"^^xsd:string;
+ prov:wasAttributedTo ex:monica
+ .
+
+
+ <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Madrid>
+ a prov:Location
+ .
+
+ ex:publicationActivity1123
+ a prov:Activity;
+ prov:wasStartedAt "2011-07-16T01:01:01Z"^^xsd:dateTime;
+ prov:wasEndedAt "2011-07-16T01:52:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime;
+ prov:wasAssociatedWith ex:derek;
+ prov:used ex:aggregatedByRegions;
+ prov:generated ex:post9821;
+ prov:wasStartedBy ex:dereck;
+ prov:wasEndedBy ex:dereck
+ .
+}</pre>
+
+ <p>
+ Agent <code>ex:derek</code>, acting again in behalf of the <code>ex:chartgenerators</code> organization,
+ publishes a post about his recent changes to the aggregated file (<code>ex:aggregatedByRegions</code>).
+ He also provides the location for the crime file, so everyone knows the
+ content he has been browsing,
+ and records the city where the publishing took place (Madrid).
+Since he is the one who started and ended the publishing activity (<code>ex:publicationActivity1123</code>), that information
+ is recorded as well. The post produced by <code>ex:derek</code> (<code>ex:post9821</code>) includes a permanent link where the content of the latest version is shown
+ (<code>ex:more-crime-happens-in-cities</code>) plus a snapshot of the content of the current version (<code>ex:postContent0</code>). Derek also adds additional metadata of the post, like the title.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ However, inmediately after having published the post, Derek detects
+ a typo. He doesnt' want to record the activity that led to the new
+version, so he just creates a new version and
+ summarizes the changes in a revision of the original post(<code>ex:post9821v1</code>). This revision is also a specialization of the original post, since it is a refined version.
+ Thus, the location of the new revision has the same permalink, but a different url for its snapshot (<code>ex:postContent1</code>).
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Shortly after Derek's post publication, ex:monica adapts the text for a wider audience in a new version (<code>ex:post9821v2</code>).
+ This version is an specialization of the original post,
+ and an alternate of the first version modified by Derek. Since the
+provenance produced by Derek and Monica is related to the same
+resources, the system
+ automatically groups it in the same <a href="#Account" class="qname">prov:Account</a> (<code>ex:accountPost</code>).
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Some time passes by, and John writes his own conclusions quoting the previous two posts:
+ </p>
+
+ <pre class="example">@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+@prefix ex: <http://example.org#> .
+@prefix sioc: <http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#Post> .
+
+ex:accountPost2{
+ ex:accountPost2
+ a prov:Account;
+ prov:hasAnnotation ex:noteMadeByParser
+ .
+
+ ex:john
+ a prov:Agent
+ .
+
+ ex:post19201
+ a prov:Entity, sioc:Post;
+ prov:wasAttributedTo ex:john;
+ prov:wasQuotedFrom post9821v1, post9821v2;
+ prov:hadOriginalSource ex:aggregatedByRegions
+ .
+}</pre>
+
+ <p>
+ Agent <code>ex:John</code> also names the URI of the original source (<code>ex:aggregatedByRegions</code>). All the provenance statements related to his post
+ are grouped in a new <span class="repeated">prov:Account</span> (<code>ex:accountPost2</code>).
+
+ Finally, a web crawler (<code>ex:boogleParser</code>) parses the second post. The crawler acts in behalf of Boogle, an organization that want to index the posts. It also adds an
+ annotation on the second account (<code>ex:accountPost2</code>), stating at which date the parsing was made.
+ </p>
+
+ <pre class="example">@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+@prefix ex: <http://example.org#> .
+@prefix sioc: <http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#Post> .
+
+ex:noteMadeByParser{
+ ex:noteMadeByParser
+ a prov:Note;
+ prov:wasAttributedTo ex:boogleParser
+ .
+
+ ex:boogleParser
+ a prov:SoftwareAgent;
+ prov:actedOnBehalfOf ex:boogle
+ .
+ ex:boogle
+ a prov:Organization
+ .
+
+ ex:accountPost2
+ ex:parsedDate "2011-08-16T00:00:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime
+ .
+}</pre>
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="section" id="description-qualified-terms">
+ <h3><span class="secno">3.3 </span>Qualified Terms</h3>
+ <p>The classes and properties in the Qualified terms category are
+ for users who wish to provide additional details about the
+relationships between entities, activities, and agents. The terms in
+this category are the result of applying the <strong>Qualification Pattern</strong> to the simple relations available in the <a href="#prov-starting-point-owl-properties-at-a-glance">Starting Point</a> and <a href="#prov-expanded-owl-properties-at-a-glance">Expanded</a> categories.
+ </p>
+ <p>For example, Figure 2 illustrates the classes and properties needed to fulfill the qualification pattern for the <a class="qname" href="#used">prov:used</a> and <a class="qname" href="#wasAssociatedWith">prov:wasAssociatedWith</a> properties. While <a class="qname" href="#qualifiedUsage">prov:qualifiedUsage</a>, <a class="qname" href="#Usage">prov:Usage</a>, and <a class="qname" href="#entity">prov:entity</a> are used to qualify <span class="repeated">prov:used</span> relations, <a class="qname" href="#qualifiedAssociation">prov:qualifiedAssociation</a>, <a class="qname" href="#Association">prov:Association</a>, and <a class="qname" href="#agent">prov:agent</a> are used to qualify <span class="repeated">prov:wasAssociatedWith</span> relations. This pattern applies to the twelve other relations that can be qualified.
+ </p>
+ <p>In the example, the <span class="repeated">prov:qualifiedUsage</span> property parallels the <span class="repeated">prov:used</span> property, and references an instance of <span class="repeated">prov:Usage</span> that provides attributes of the <span class="repeated">prov:used</span> relation between the Activity and Entity. The <span class="repeated">prov:entity</span>
+ property is used to cite the Entity that was used by the Activity. In
+this case, the time that the Activity used the Entity is provided using
+the <span class="repeated">prov:atTime</span> property and a literal <span class="repeated">xsd:dateTime</span> value.
+ </p>
+ <p>Similarly, the <span class="repeated">prov:qualifiedAssociation</span> property parallels the <span class="repeated">prov:wasAssociatedWith</span> property, and references an instance of <span class="repeated">prov:Association</span> that provides attributes of the <span class="repeated">prov:wasAssociatedWith</span> relation between the Activity and Agent. The <span class="repeated">prov:agent</span>
+ property is used to cite the Agent that was involved in the Activity.
+In this case, the plan that the Agent used is provided using the <span class="repeated">prov:hadPlan</span> property and an instance of <span class="repeated">prov:Plan</span>.
+ </p>
+
+ <div style="text-align: center;">
+ <figure>
+ <img src="prov-o_files/Qualified-Association.png" style="width: 50%; min-width: 25em; max-width: 60em;" alt="Express association between an activity and an agent using a binary relationship and an alternatie qualified relationship">
+ <figcaption>Figure 2. An illustration of the qualification pattern applied to the Starting Point properties <a class="qname" href="#used">prov:used</a> and <a class="qname" href="#wasAssociatedWith">prov:wasAssociatedWith</a>.</figcaption>
+ </figure>
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The following two examples show the result of applying the Usage and Association patterns to the chart making example from <a href="#description-starting-point-terms">Section 3.1</a>.
+ </p>
+ <div class="exampleOuter">
+ <div><b>Qualified Usage</b></div>
+ <p>The <span class="repeated">prov:qualifiedUsage</span> property parallels the <span class="repeated">prov:used</span> property to provide an additional description to <code>ex:illustrationActivity</code>. The instance of <span class="repeated">prov:Usage</span> cites the data used (<code>ex:aggregatedByRegions</code>) and the time the activity used it (2011-07-14T03:03:03Z).
+ </p>
+ <pre class="example">@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix ex: <http://example.org#> .
+
+ex:illustrationActivity
+ a prov:Activity; ## (Using Starting Point terms)
+ prov:used ex:aggregatedByRegions; ## The aggregated data was used to create the chart.
+.
+
+ex:aggregatedByRegions a prov:Entity .
+
+ex:illustrationActivity
+ prov:qualifiedUsage [
+ a prov:Usage;
+ prov:entity ex:aggregatedByRegions; ## Qualification: The aggregated data was used
+ prov:atTime "2011-07-14T03:03:03Z"^^xsd:dateTime; ## at a particular time when creating the chart.
+ ];
+.</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="exampleOuter">
+ <div><b>Qualified Association</b></div>
+ <p>The <span class="repeated">prov:qualifiedAssociation</span> property parallels the <span class="repeated">prov:wasAssociatedWith</span> property to provide an additional description to <code>ex:illustrationActivity</code>. The instance of <span class="repeated">prov:Association</span> cites the agent (<code>ex:derek</code>) that followed the instructions (<code>ex:tutorial_blog</code>).
+ </p>
+ <pre class="example">@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix ex: <http://example.org#> .
+
+ex:illustrationActivity
+ a prov:Activity; ## (Using Starting Point terms)
+ prov:wasAssociatedWith ex:derek; ## Derek was responsible for the chart making in some way.
+.
+
+ex:derek a prov:Agent .
+
+ex:illustrationActivity
+ prov:qualifiedAssociation [ ## Qualification: What plan (or recipe, instructions)
+ a prov:Association; ## did Derek follow when creating the graphical chart?
+ prov:agent ex:derek
+ prov:hadPlan ex:tutorial_blog;
+ ];
+.
+
+ex:tutorial_blog a prov:Plan, prov:Entity .</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="qualifed-forms-starting-point" style="padding: 20px">
+ <p>Usage and Association (described above) are accompanied by six other qualifications of Starting Point relations. The <a href="#qualifed-forms-starting-point">following table</a>
+ lists the simple relations that can be qualified, along with the
+qualification property, qualification class, and the property used to
+indicate the object of the qualified relation.
+ </p>
+ <div style="text-align: center">
+ <table class="qualified-forms">
+ <caption>Qualification Property and Involvement Class used to qualify a Starting-point Property.</caption>
+ <tbody><tr>
+ <th>Starting-point Property</th>
+ <th>Qualification Property</th>
+ <th>Involvement Class</th>
+ <th>Object Property</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#actedOnBehalfOf" href="#actedOnBehalfOf" class="owlproperty">prov:actedOnBehalfOf</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedResponsibility" href="#qualifiedResponsibility" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedResponsibility</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Responsibility" href="#Responsibility" class="owlclass">prov:Responsibility</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#agent" href="#agent" class="owlproperty">prov:agent</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#used" href="#used" class="owlproperty">prov:used</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedUsage" href="#qualifiedUsage" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedUsage</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Usage" href="#Usage" class="owlclass">prov:Usage</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity" href="#entity" class="owlproperty">prov:entity</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith" href="#wasAssociatedWith" class="owlproperty">prov:wasAssociatedWith</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation" href="#qualifiedAssociation" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedAssociation</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Association" href="#Association" class="owlclass">prov:Association</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#agent" href="#agent" class="owlproperty">prov:agent</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo" href="#wasAttributedTo" class="owlproperty">prov:wasAttributedTo</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAttribution" href="#qualifiedAttribution" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedAttribution</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Attribution" href="#Attribution" class="owlclass">prov:Attribution</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#agent" href="#agent" class="owlproperty">prov:agent</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom" href="#wasDerivedFrom" class="owlproperty">prov:wasDerivedFrom</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedDerivation" href="#qualifiedDerivation" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedDerivation</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Derivation" href="#Derivation" class="owlclass">prov:Derivation</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity" href="#entity" class="owlproperty">prov:entity</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy" href="#wasGeneratedBy" class="owlproperty">prov:wasGeneratedBy</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedGeneration" href="#qualifiedGeneration" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedGeneration</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Generation" href="#Generation" class="owlclass">prov:Generation</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#activity" href="#activity" class="owlproperty">prov:activity</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasInformedBy" href="#wasInformedBy" class="owlproperty">prov:wasInformedBy</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedCommunication" href="#qualifiedCommunication" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedCommunication</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Communication" href="#Communication" class="owlclass">prov:Communication</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#activity" href="#activity" class="owlproperty">prov:activity</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasStartedByActivity" href="#wasStartedByActivity" class="owlproperty">prov:wasStartedByActivity</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedStartByActivity" href="#qualifiedStartByActivity" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedStartByActivity</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#StartByActivity" href="#StartByActivity" class="owlclass">prov:StartByActivity</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#activity" href="#activity" class="owlproperty">prov:activity</a></td>
+ </tr>
+</tbody></table>
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="qualifed-forms-expanded" style="padding: 20px">
+ <p>Six relations from the Expanded category can also be qualified. The <a href="#qualifed-forms-expanded">following table</a>
+ lists the simple relations that can be qualified, along with the
+qualification property, qualification class, and the property used to
+indicate the object of the qualified relation.
+ </p>
+ <div style="text-align: center">
+ <table class="qualified-forms">
+ <caption>Qualification Property and Involvement Class used to qualify an Expanded Property.</caption>
+ <tbody><tr>
+ <th>Expanded Property</th>
+ <th>Qualification Property</th>
+ <th>Involvement Class</th>
+ <th>Object Property</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadOriginalSource" href="#hadOriginalSource" class="owlproperty">prov:hadOriginalSource</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedSource" href="#qualifiedSource" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedSource</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Source" href="#Source" class="owlclass">prov:Source</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity" href="#entity" class="owlproperty">prov:entity</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#tracedTo" href="#tracedTo" class="owlproperty">prov:tracedTo</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedTrace" href="#qualifiedTrace" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedTrace</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Trace" href="#Trace" class="owlclass">prov:Trace</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity" href="#entity" class="owlproperty">prov:entity</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasEndedBy" href="#wasEndedBy" class="owlproperty">prov:wasEndedBy</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedEnd" href="#qualifiedEnd" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedEnd</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#End" href="#End" class="owlclass">prov:End</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity" href="#entity" class="owlproperty">prov:entity</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasQuotedFrom" href="#wasQuotedFrom" class="owlproperty">prov:wasQuotedFrom</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedQuotation" href="#qualifiedQuotation" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedQuotation</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Quotation" href="#Quotation" class="owlclass">prov:Quotation</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity" href="#entity" class="owlproperty">prov:entity</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasRevisionOf" href="#wasRevisionOf" class="owlproperty">prov:wasRevisionOf</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedRevision" href="#qualifiedRevision" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedRevision</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Revision" href="#Revision" class="owlclass">prov:Revision</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity" href="#entity" class="owlproperty">prov:entity</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasStartedBy" href="#wasStartedBy" class="owlproperty">prov:wasStartedBy</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedStart" href="#qualifiedStart" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedStart</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Start" href="#Start" class="owlclass">prov:Start</a></td>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity" href="#entity" class="owlproperty">prov:entity</a></td>
+ </tr>
+</tbody></table>
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <p>This section finishes with two more examples of qualification as applied to the chart making example from <a href="#description-starting-point-terms">Section 3.1</a>.
+ </p>
+
+ <div class="exampleOuter">
+ <div><b>Qualified Generation</b></div>
+ <p>The <span class="repeated">prov:qualifiedGeneration</span> property parallels the <span class="repeated">prov:wasGeneratedBy</span> property to provide an additional description to <code>ex:chart1</code>. The instance of <span class="repeated">prov:Generation</span> cites the time (2011-07-14T15:52:14Z) that the activity (<code>ex:illustrationActivity</code>) generated the chart (<code>ex:chart1</code>).
+ </p>
+ <pre class="example">@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix ex: <http://example.org#> .
+
+ex:chart1
+ a prov:Entity; ## (Using Starting Point terms)
+ prov:wasGeneratedBy ex:illustrationActivity; ## The chart was generated in an illustration activity.
+.
+
+ex:illustrationActivity a prov:Activity .
+
+ex:chart1
+ prov:qualifiedGeneration [
+ a prov:Generation;
+ prov:activity ex:illustrationActivity; ## Qualification: The chart was
+ prov:atTime "2011-07-14T15:52:14Z"^^xsd:dateTime; ## generated at a particular time.
+ ];
+.</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="exampleOuter">
+ <div><b>Qualified Derivation</b></div>
+ <p>The <span class="repeated">prov:qualifiedDerivation</span> property parallels the <span class="repeated">prov:wasDerivedFrom</span> property to provide an additional description to <code>ex:chart1</code>. The instance of <span class="repeated">prov:Derivation</span> cites the activity (<code>ex:illustrationActivity</code>) and the Usages and Generations that the activity conduced to create the chart (<code>ex:chart1</code>).
+ </p>
+ <pre class="example">@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix ex: <http://example.org#> .
+
+ex:chart1
+ a prov:Entity; ## (Using Starting Point terms)
+ prov:wasDerivedFrom ex:aggregatedByRegions; ## The chart was derived from the aggregate.
+.
+
+ex:aggregatedByRegions a prov:Entity .
+
+ex:chart1
+ prov:qualifiedDerivation [
+ a prov:Derivation;
+ prov:entity ex:aggregatedByRegions; ## Qualification: additional information about the derivation:
+ prov:hadUsage ex:usage; ## Which activity derived the aggregate?
+ prov:hadActivity ex:activity; ## What did the activity use to derive the aggregate?
+ prov:hadGeneration ex:generation; ## How did the activity generate the derived aggregate?
+ ];
+.</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="section" id="description-collections"> <!-- section 3.1 -->
+ <!-- This section is version controlled at http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/file/tip/ontology and mirroed to
+ https://github.com/timrdf/prov-lodspeakr/tree/master/components/services/prov-o -->
+ <h3><span class="secno">3.4 </span>Collections Terms</h3>
+
+ <p> A <code><a class="qname" href="#Collection">prov:Collection</a></code> is an <code class="repeated">prov:Entity</code> that acts as a container to some members,
+which are themselves entities.
+Specifically, a collection is composed of set of key-value pairs, where a
+literal key is used to identify a constituent entity within the collection.
+
+To illustrate this, the example below describes a collection <code>:c1</code>
+that has as members the two key value pairs <code>("k1", :e1)</code>
+and <code>("k2", :e2)</code>.
+</p>
+
+<pre class="example">@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.org/> .
+
+:e1 a prov:Entity .
+:e2 a prov:Entity .
+
+:c1 a prov:Collection;
+ prov:membership [
+ a prov:Membership;
+ prov:member [
+ a prov:KeyValuePair;
+ prov:key "k1"^^xsd:string;
+ prov:value :e1
+ ], [
+ a prov:KeyValuePair;
+ prov:key "k2"^^xsd:string;
+ prov:value :e2
+ ];
+ ];
+.</pre>
+
+<p>It is worth noting that <code>:c1</code> <em title="may" class="rfc2119">may</em> also
+have other members (i.e. <code class="repeated">prov:knownMembership</code> is
+not functional). A collection <em title="may" class="rfc2119">may</em> be empty and thus not have any known
+memberships, in which case it <em title="should" class="rfc2119">should</em> be described as an instance of the
+subclass <a class="qname" href="#EmptyCollection"><code>prov:EmptyCollection</code></a>.
+</p>
+
+ <p> To describe the provenance of a collection, PROV-O provides two
+kinds of involvements: <code><a class="qname" href="http://aquarius.tw.rpi.edu/prov-wg/qualifiedInsertion">prov:qualifiedInsertion</a></code> is used to
+describe that a collection was obtained from an existing collection by
+<em>inserting</em> a set of key-value pairs. <code><a class="qname" href="http://aquarius.tw.rpi.edu/prov-wg/qualifiedRemoval">prov:qualifiedRemoval</a></code> is used to specify
+that a given collection was obtained from an existing collection by
+<em>removing</em> a set of key-value pairs. The example below specifies that
+the collection <code>:c1</code> was obtained from the empty collection
+<code>:c1</code> by <em>inserting</em> the key-value pairs <code>("k1",
+:e1)</code> and <code>("k2", :e2)</code>.
+</p>
+
+<pre class="example">@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.org/> .
+
+:e1 a prov:Entity .
+:e2 a prov:Entity .
+:c a prov:EmptyCollection .
+:c1 a prov:Collection ;
+ prov:derivedByInsertionFrom :c ;
+ prov:qualifiedInsertion [ a prov:Insertion ;
+ prov:collection :c ;
+ prov:inserted [ a prov:KeyValuePair ;
+ prov:key "k1"^^xsd:string ;
+ prov:value :e1 ;
+ ], [ a prov:KeyValuePair ;
+ prov:key "k2"^^xsd:string ;
+ prov:value :e2 ;
+ ]
+ ] .</pre>
+
+
+ <p>
+ Similarly, the example below specifies that the collection
+ <code>:c3</code> was obtained by <em>removing</em> the key-value pairs associated with
+ the keys <code>"k1"</code> and <code>"k2"</code> from the collection
+ <code>:c2</code>. Thus, <code>:c3</code> does not contain the
+ members <code>("k1", :e1)</code> and <code>("k2",
+ :e2(</code> from <code>:c2</code>.
+
+</p><pre class="example">@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.org/> .
+
+:c2 a prov:Collection .
+:c3 a prov:Collection ;
+ prov:derivedByRemovalFrom :c2 ;
+ prov:qualifiedRemoval [ a prov:Removal ;
+ prov:collection :c2 ;
+ prov:removed "k1"^^xsd:string, "k3"^^xsd:string
+ ] .</pre>
+ <p></p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <div class="section" id="cross-reference"> <!-- class='informative' -->
+ <!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">4. </span>Cross reference for PROV-O classes and properties</h2>
+ <p>This section provides details for each class and property
+defined by the PROV Ontology, grouped by the categories described above:
+ </p>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="#cross-reference-starting-point-terms">Starting Point Terms</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#cross-reference-expanded-terms">Expanded Terms</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#cross-reference-qualified-terms">Qualified Terms</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#cross-reference-collection-terms">Collections Terms</a></li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="section" id="cross-reference-starting-point-terms">
+ <h3><span class="secno">4.1 </span>Starting Point Terms</h3>
+ <p>The classes and properties that provide a basis for all other PROV-O terms are discussed in <a href="#description-starting-point-terms">Section 3.1</a>.</p>
+
+<div id="prov-starting-point-owl-classes-at-a-glance" class="prov-starting-point owl-classes at-a-glance">
+ <ul class="hlist">
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Activity">prov:Activity</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Agent">prov:Agent</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Entity">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+</div>
+
+<div id="prov-starting-point-owl-properties-at-a-glance" class="prov-starting-point owl-properties at-a-glance">
+ <ul class="hlist">
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#actedOnBehalfOf">prov:actedOnBehalfOf</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="datatype-property">
+ <a href="#endedAtTime">prov:endedAtTime</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="datatype-property">
+ <a href="#startedAtTime">prov:startedAtTime</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#used">prov:used</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#wasAssociatedWith">prov:wasAssociatedWith</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#wasAttributedTo">prov:wasAttributedTo</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#wasDerivedFrom">prov:wasDerivedFrom</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#wasGeneratedBy">prov:wasGeneratedBy</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#wasInformedBy">prov:wasInformedBy</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#wasStartedByActivity">prov:wasStartedByActivity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+</div>
+
+ <div id="prov-starting-point-owl-classes-crossreference" class="prov-starting-point owl-classes crossreference">
+
+ <div id="Activity" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-activity-----------------back-to-starting-point-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#Activity"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity">prov:Activity</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-starting-point-owl-classes-at-a-glance">starting-point classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity</p>
+ <div class="definition"><p>An activity is something that occurs over
+ a period of time and acts upon or with entities. This action can take
+multiple forms: consuming, processing, transforming, modifying,
+relocating, using, generating, or being associated with entities.
+Activities that operate on digital entities may for example move, copy,
+or duplicate them.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+:graduation
+ a prov:Activity, :Graduation;
+ prov:startedAtTime "2012-04-15T13:00:00-04:00"^^xsd:dateTime;
+ prov:used :ms_smith;
+ prov:generated :doctor_smith;
+ prov:endedAtTime "2012-04-15T14:30:00-04:00"^^xsd:dateTime;
+.
+:ms_smith a prov:Entity .
+:doctor_smith a prov:Entity .
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>An activity is something that occurs over a
+period of time and acts upon or with entities. This action can take
+multiple forms: consuming, processing, transforming, modifying,
+relocating, using, generating, or being associated with entities.
+Activities that operate on digital entities may for example move, copy,
+or duplicate them.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>in domain of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasStartedByActivity" href="#wasStartedByActivity">prov:wasStartedByActivity</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedStart" href="#qualifiedStart">prov:qualifiedStart</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedEnd" href="#qualifiedEnd">prov:qualifiedEnd</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasStartedBy" href="#wasStartedBy">prov:wasStartedBy</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#startedAtTime" href="#startedAtTime">prov:startedAtTime</a>
+ <sup class="type-dp" title="data property">dp</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedCommunication" href="#qualifiedCommunication">prov:qualifiedCommunication</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#generated" href="#generated">prov:generated</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation" href="#qualifiedAssociation">prov:qualifiedAssociation</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedStartByActivity" href="#qualifiedStartByActivity">prov:qualifiedStartByActivity</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#endedAtTime" href="#endedAtTime">prov:endedAtTime</a>
+ <sup class="type-dp" title="data property">dp</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith" href="#wasAssociatedWith">prov:wasAssociatedWith</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasInformedBy" href="#wasInformedBy">prov:wasInformedBy</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedUsage" href="#qualifiedUsage">prov:qualifiedUsage</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasEndedBy" href="#wasEndedBy">prov:wasEndedBy</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#used" href="#used">prov:used</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in range of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasInformedBy" href="#wasInformedBy">prov:wasInformedBy</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasStartedByActivity" href="#wasStartedByActivity">prov:wasStartedByActivity</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadActivity" href="#hadActivity">prov:hadActivity</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy" href="#wasGeneratedBy">prov:wasGeneratedBy</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#activity" href="#activity">prov:activity</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="Agent" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-agent-----------------back-to-starting-point-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#Agent"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent">prov:Agent</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-starting-point-owl-classes-at-a-glance">starting-point classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent</p>
+ <div class="definition"><p>An agent is a type of entity that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>An agent is a type of entity that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>in domain of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#actedOnBehalfOf" href="#actedOnBehalfOf">prov:actedOnBehalfOf</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedResponsibility" href="#qualifiedResponsibility">prov:qualifiedResponsibility</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in range of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#actedOnBehalfOf" href="#actedOnBehalfOf">prov:actedOnBehalfOf</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadQuoter" href="#hadQuoter">prov:hadQuoter</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#agent" href="#agent">prov:agent</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith" href="#wasAssociatedWith">prov:wasAssociatedWith</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo" href="#wasAttributedTo">prov:wasAttributedTo</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadQuoted" href="#hadQuoted">prov:hadQuoted</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has subclasses</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Organization" href="#Organization" class="owlclass">prov:Organization</a>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Person" href="#Person" class="owlclass">prov:Person</a>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent" href="#SoftwareAgent" class="owlclass">prov:SoftwareAgent</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="Entity" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-entity-----------------back-to-starting-point-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#Entity"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity">prov:Entity</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-starting-point-owl-classes-at-a-glance">starting-point classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity</p>
+ <div class="definition"><p>An entity is a thing one wants to provide
+ provenance for. For the purpose of this specification, things can be
+physical, digital, conceptual, or otherwise; things may be real or
+imaginary.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>An entity is a thing one wants to provide
+provenance for. For the purpose of this specification, things can be
+physical, digital, conceptual, or otherwise; things may be real or
+imaginary.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>in domain of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedQuotation" href="#qualifiedQuotation">prov:qualifiedQuotation</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedSource" href="#qualifiedSource">prov:qualifiedSource</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedGeneration" href="#qualifiedGeneration">prov:qualifiedGeneration</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAttribution" href="#qualifiedAttribution">prov:qualifiedAttribution</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasQuotedFrom" href="#wasQuotedFrom">prov:wasQuotedFrom</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo" href="#wasAttributedTo">prov:wasAttributedTo</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadOriginalSource" href="#hadOriginalSource">prov:hadOriginalSource</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#alternateOf" href="#alternateOf">prov:alternateOf</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasRevisionOf" href="#wasRevisionOf">prov:wasRevisionOf</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#tracedTo" href="#tracedTo">prov:tracedTo</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedTrace" href="#qualifiedTrace">prov:qualifiedTrace</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedRevision" href="#qualifiedRevision">prov:qualifiedRevision</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy" href="#wasGeneratedBy">prov:wasGeneratedBy</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom" href="#wasDerivedFrom">prov:wasDerivedFrom</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedDerivation" href="#qualifiedDerivation">prov:qualifiedDerivation</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#specializationOf" href="#specializationOf">prov:specializationOf</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in range of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#alternateOf" href="#alternateOf">prov:alternateOf</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value" href="#value">prov:value</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasStartedBy" href="#wasStartedBy">prov:wasStartedBy</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasQuotedFrom" href="#wasQuotedFrom">prov:wasQuotedFrom</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadOriginalSource" href="#hadOriginalSource">prov:hadOriginalSource</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#tracedTo" href="#tracedTo">prov:tracedTo</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasRevisionOf" href="#wasRevisionOf">prov:wasRevisionOf</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#generated" href="#generated">prov:generated</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom" href="#wasDerivedFrom">prov:wasDerivedFrom</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity" href="#entity">prov:entity</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#specializationOf" href="#specializationOf">prov:specializationOf</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#used" href="#used">prov:used</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has subclasses</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Collection" href="#Collection" class="owlclass">prov:Collection</a>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Plan" href="#Plan" class="owlclass">prov:Plan</a>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Account" href="#Account" class="owlclass">prov:Account</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+</div>
+<div id="prov-starting-point-owl-properties-crossreference" class="prov-starting-point owl-properties crossreference">
+ <div id="actedOnBehalfOf" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-actedonbehalfof-------op-----------------back-to-starting-point-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#actedOnBehalfOf"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#actedOnBehalfOf">prov:actedOnBehalfOf</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-starting-point-owl-properties-at-a-glance">starting-point properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#actedOnBehalfOf</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>An object property to express the
+accountability of an agent towards another agent. The subordinate agent
+acted on behalf of the responsible agent in an actual activity. </p>
+ </div>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has super-properties</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#involved" href="#involved" class="owlclass">prov:involved</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent" href="#Agent" class="owlclass">prov:Agent</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent" href="#Agent" class="owlclass">prov:Agent</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>can be qualified with</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Responsibility" href="#Responsibility" class="owlclass">prov:Responsibility</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedResponsibility" href="#qualifiedResponsibility" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedResponsibility</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="endedAtTime" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-endedattime-------dp-----------------back-to-starting-point-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#endedAtTime"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#endedAtTime">prov:endedAtTime</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-dp" title="data property">dp</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-starting-point-owl-properties-at-a-glance">starting-point properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#endedAtTime</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>The time when an activity ended.</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Functional </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="startedAtTime" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-startedattime-------dp-----------------back-to-starting-point-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#startedAtTime"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#startedAtTime">prov:startedAtTime</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-dp" title="data property">dp</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-starting-point-owl-properties-at-a-glance">starting-point properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#startedAtTime</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>The time when an activity started.</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Functional </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="used" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-used-------op-----------------back-to-starting-point-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#used"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#used">prov:used</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-starting-point-owl-properties-at-a-glance">starting-point properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#used</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>A prov:Entity that was used by this prov:Activity. For example, :baking prov:used :spoon, :egg, :oven .</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Asymmetric , Irreflexive </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has super-properties</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#involved" href="#involved" class="owlclass">prov:involved</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>can be qualified with</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Usage" href="#Usage" class="owlclass">prov:Usage</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedUsage" href="#qualifiedUsage" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedUsage</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="wasAssociatedWith" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-wasassociatedwith-------op-----------------back-to-starting-point-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#wasAssociatedWith"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith">prov:wasAssociatedWith</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-starting-point-owl-properties-at-a-glance">starting-point properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>An prov:Agent that had some (unspecified) responsibility for the occurrence of this prov:Activity.</p>
+ </div>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has super-properties</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#involved" href="#involved" class="owlclass">prov:involved</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent" href="#Agent" class="owlclass">prov:Agent</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has sub-properties</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasStartedBy" href="#wasStartedBy" class="owlclass">prov:wasStartedBy</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasEndedBy" href="#wasEndedBy" class="owlclass">prov:wasEndedBy</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>can be qualified with</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Association" href="#Association" class="owlclass">prov:Association</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation" href="#qualifiedAssociation" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedAssociation</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="wasAttributedTo" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-wasattributedto-------op-----------------back-to-starting-point-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#wasAttributedTo"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo">prov:wasAttributedTo</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-starting-point-owl-properties-at-a-glance">starting-point properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>Attribution is the ascribing of an entity to an agent.</p>
+ </div>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has super-properties</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#tracedTo" href="#tracedTo" class="owlclass">prov:tracedTo</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent" href="#Agent" class="owlclass">prov:Agent</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>can be qualified with</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAttribution" href="#qualifiedAttribution" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedAttribution</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Attribution" href="#Attribution" class="owlclass">prov:Attribution</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="wasDerivedFrom" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-wasderivedfrom-------op-----------------back-to-starting-point-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#wasDerivedFrom"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom">prov:wasDerivedFrom</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-starting-point-owl-properties-at-a-glance">starting-point properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>A derivation is a transformation of an
+entity into another, a construction of an entity into another, or an
+update of an entity, resulting in a new one.</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Asymmetric , Irreflexive </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has super-properties</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#tracedTo" href="#tracedTo" class="owlclass">prov:tracedTo</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has sub-properties</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#derivedByInsertionFrom" href="#derivedByInsertionFrom" class="owlclass">prov:derivedByInsertionFrom</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasQuotedFrom" href="#wasQuotedFrom" class="owlclass">prov:wasQuotedFrom</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadOriginalSource" href="#hadOriginalSource" class="owlclass">prov:hadOriginalSource</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasRevisionOf" href="#wasRevisionOf" class="owlclass">prov:wasRevisionOf</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#derivedByRemovalFrom" href="#derivedByRemovalFrom" class="owlclass">prov:derivedByRemovalFrom</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>can be qualified with</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Derivation" href="#Derivation" class="owlclass">prov:Derivation</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedDerivation" href="#qualifiedDerivation" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedDerivation</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="wasGeneratedBy" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-wasgeneratedby-------op-----------------back-to-starting-point-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#wasGeneratedBy"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy">prov:wasGeneratedBy</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-starting-point-owl-properties-at-a-glance">starting-point properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>wasGeneratedBy links Entitites with Activity representing that entity was generated as a result of Activity</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Functional , Asymmetric , Irreflexive </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has super-properties</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#involved" href="#involved" class="owlclass">prov:involved</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>can be qualified with</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Generation" href="#Generation" class="owlclass">prov:Generation</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedGeneration" href="#qualifiedGeneration" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedGeneration</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="wasInformedBy" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-wasinformedby-------op-----------------back-to-starting-point-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#wasInformedBy"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasInformedBy">prov:wasInformedBy</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-starting-point-owl-properties-at-a-glance">starting-point properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasInformedBy</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>An activity a2 is dependent on or informed
+ by another activity a1, by way of some unspecified entity that is
+generated by a1 and used by a2.</p>
+ </div>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has super-properties</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#involved" href="#involved" class="owlclass">prov:involved</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>can be qualified with</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Communication" href="#Communication" class="owlclass">prov:Communication</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedCommunication" href="#qualifiedCommunication" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedCommunication</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="wasStartedByActivity" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-wasstartedbyactivity-------op-----------------back-to-starting-point-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#wasStartedByActivity"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasStartedByActivity">prov:wasStartedByActivity</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-starting-point-owl-properties-at-a-glance">starting-point properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasStartedByActivity</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>The start of an activity with an implicit trigger generated by another activity.</p>
+ </div>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has super-properties</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#involved" href="#involved" class="owlclass">prov:involved</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>can be qualified with</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedStartByActivity" href="#qualifiedStartByActivity" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedStartByActivity</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#StartByActivity" href="#StartByActivity" class="owlclass">prov:StartByActivity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+</div>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="section" id="cross-reference-additional-terms">
+ <h3><span class="secno">4.2 </span>Expanded Terms</h3>
+ <p>The additional terms used to describe relations among Starting Point classes are discussed in <a href="#description-expanded">Section 3.2</a>.</p>
+
+<div id="prov-expanded-owl-classes-at-a-glance" class="prov-expanded owl-classes at-a-glance">
+ <ul class="hlist">
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Account">prov:Account</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Location">prov:Location</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Note">prov:Note</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Organization">prov:Organization</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Person">prov:Person</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#SoftwareAgent">prov:SoftwareAgent</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+</div>
+
+<div id="prov-expanded-owl-properties-at-a-glance" class="prov-expanded owl-properties at-a-glance">
+ <ul class="hlist">
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#alternateOf">prov:alternateOf</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#atLocation">prov:atLocation</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#generated">prov:generated</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#hadOriginalSource">prov:hadOriginalSource</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#hasAnnotation">prov:hasAnnotation</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#specializationOf">prov:specializationOf</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#tracedTo">prov:tracedTo</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#wasEndedBy">prov:wasEndedBy</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#wasQuotedFrom">prov:wasQuotedFrom</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#wasRevisionOf">prov:wasRevisionOf</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#wasStartedBy">prov:wasStartedBy</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+</div>
+
+ <div id="prov-expanded-owl-classes-crossreference" class="prov-expanded owl-classes crossreference">
+
+ <div id="Account" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-account-----------------back-to-expanded-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#Account"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Account">prov:Account</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-expanded-owl-classes-at-a-glance">expanded classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Account</p>
+ <div class="definition"><p>An account is any mechanism by which a set of provenance descriptions can be bundled up and named.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>Note that there are kinds of accounts (e.g.
+handwritten letters, audio recordings, etc.) that are not expressed in
+PROV-O, but can be still be described by PROV-O.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>is subclass of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="Location" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-location-----------------back-to-expanded-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#Location"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Location">prov:Location</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-expanded-owl-classes-at-a-glance">expanded classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Location</p>
+ <div class="definition"><p>A location can be an identifiable
+geographic place (ISO 19112), but it can also be a non-geographic place
+such as a directory, row, or column. As such, there are numerous ways in
+ which location can be expressed, such as by a coordinate, address,
+landmark, and so forth.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>A location can be an identifiable geographic
+ place (ISO 19112), but it can also be a non-geographic place such as a
+directory, row, or column. As such, there are numerous ways in which
+location can be expressed, such as by a coordinate, address, landmark,
+and so forth.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>in range of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation" href="#atLocation">prov:atLocation</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="Note" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-note-----------------back-to-expanded-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#Note"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Note">prov:Note</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-expanded-owl-classes-at-a-glance">expanded classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Note</p>
+ <div class="definition"><p>Attribute-value pairs occurring in notes are application specific.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>Attribute-value pairs occurring in notes are application specific.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>in range of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hasAnnotation" href="#hasAnnotation">prov:hasAnnotation</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="Organization" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-organization-----------------back-to-expanded-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#Organization"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Organization">prov:Organization</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-expanded-owl-classes-at-a-glance">expanded classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Organization</p>
+ <div class="definition"><p>Agents of type Organization are social institutions such as companies, societies etc.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>Agents of type Organization are social institutions such as companies, societies etc.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>is subclass of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent" href="#Agent" class="owlclass">prov:Agent</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="Person" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-person-----------------back-to-expanded-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#Person"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Person">prov:Person</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-expanded-owl-classes-at-a-glance">expanded classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Person</p>
+ <div class="definition"><p>Agents of type Person are people.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>Agents of type Person are people.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>is subclass of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent" href="#Agent" class="owlclass">prov:Agent</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="SoftwareAgent" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-softwareagent-----------------back-to-expanded-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#SoftwareAgent"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent">prov:SoftwareAgent</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-expanded-owl-classes-at-a-glance">expanded classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent</p>
+ <div class="definition"><p>A software agent is running software.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>A software agent is running software.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>is subclass of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent" href="#Agent" class="owlclass">prov:Agent</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+</div>
+<div id="prov-expanded-owl-properties-crossreference" class="prov-expanded owl-properties crossreference">
+ <div id="alternateOf" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-alternateof-------op-----------------back-to-expanded-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#alternateOf"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#alternateOf">prov:alternateOf</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-expanded-owl-properties-at-a-glance">expanded properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#alternateOf</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>An entity is alternate of another if they
+are both a specialization of some common entity. The common entity does
+not need to be identified.</p>
+ </div>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="atLocation" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-atlocation-------op-----------------back-to-expanded-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#atLocation"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation">prov:atLocation</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-expanded-owl-properties-at-a-glance">expanded properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>Location is an optional attribute of Entity and Activity.</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Asymmetric , Irreflexive </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Location" href="#Location" class="owlclass">prov:Location</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="generated" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-generated-------op-----------------back-to-expanded-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#generated"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#generated">prov:generated</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-expanded-owl-properties-at-a-glance">expanded properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#generated</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>This inverse of prov:wasGeneratedBy is
+defined so that Activities being described can reference their generated
+ outputs directly without needing to 'stop' and start describing the
+Entity. This helps 'Activity-centric' modeling as opposed to
+'Entity-centric' modeling.</p>
+ </div>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has super-properties</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#involved" href="#involved" class="owlclass">prov:involved</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has inverse</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy" href="#wasGeneratedBy" class="owlclass">prov:wasGeneratedBy</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="hadOriginalSource" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-hadoriginalsource-------op-----------------back-to-expanded-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#hadOriginalSource"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadOriginalSource">prov:hadOriginalSource</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-expanded-owl-properties-at-a-glance">expanded properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadOriginalSource</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has super-properties</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom" href="#wasDerivedFrom" class="owlclass">prov:wasDerivedFrom</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>can be qualified with</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Source" href="#Source" class="owlclass">prov:Source</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedSource" href="#qualifiedSource" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedSource</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="hasAnnotation" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-hasannotation-------op-----------------back-to-expanded-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#hasAnnotation"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hasAnnotation">prov:hasAnnotation</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-expanded-owl-properties-at-a-glance">expanded properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hasAnnotation</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Note" href="#Note" class="owlclass">prov:Note</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="specializationOf" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-specializationof-------op-----------------back-to-expanded-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#specializationOf"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#specializationOf">prov:specializationOf</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-expanded-owl-properties-at-a-glance">expanded properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#specializationOf</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>An entity is a specialization of another
+if they both refer to some common thing but the former is a more
+constrained entity than the former. The common entity does not need to
+be identified.</p>
+ </div>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="tracedTo" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-tracedto-------op-----------------back-to-expanded-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#tracedTo"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#tracedTo">prov:tracedTo</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-expanded-owl-properties-at-a-glance">expanded properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#tracedTo</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>An object property to link back an entity
+to another by means of derivation or responsibility relations, possibly
+repeatedly traversed.</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Transitive </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has super-properties</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#involved" href="#involved" class="owlclass">prov:involved</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has sub-properties</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom" href="#wasDerivedFrom" class="owlclass">prov:wasDerivedFrom</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo" href="#wasAttributedTo" class="owlclass">prov:wasAttributedTo</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>can be qualified with</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Trace" href="#Trace" class="owlclass">prov:Trace</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedTrace" href="#qualifiedTrace" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedTrace</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="wasEndedBy" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-wasendedby-------op-----------------back-to-expanded-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#wasEndedBy"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasEndedBy">prov:wasEndedBy</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-expanded-owl-properties-at-a-glance">expanded properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasEndedBy</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>End is when an activity is deemed to have ended. An end may refer to an entity, known as trigger, that terminated the activity.</p>
+ </div>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has super-properties</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith" href="#wasAssociatedWith" class="owlclass">prov:wasAssociatedWith</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>can be qualified with</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#End" href="#End" class="owlclass">prov:End</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedEnd" href="#qualifiedEnd" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedEnd</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="wasQuotedFrom" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-wasquotedfrom-------op-----------------back-to-expanded-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#wasQuotedFrom"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasQuotedFrom">prov:wasQuotedFrom</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-expanded-owl-properties-at-a-glance">expanded properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasQuotedFrom</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>An entity is derived from an original entity by copying, or "quoting", some or all of it.</p>
+ </div>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has super-properties</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom" href="#wasDerivedFrom" class="owlclass">prov:wasDerivedFrom</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>can be qualified with</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedQuotation" href="#qualifiedQuotation" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedQuotation</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Quotation" href="#Quotation" class="owlclass">prov:Quotation</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="wasRevisionOf" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-wasrevisionof-------op-----------------back-to-expanded-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#wasRevisionOf"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasRevisionOf">prov:wasRevisionOf</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-expanded-owl-properties-at-a-glance">expanded properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasRevisionOf</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>A revision is a derivation that revises an entity into a revised version.</p>
+ </div>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has super-properties</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom" href="#wasDerivedFrom" class="owlclass">prov:wasDerivedFrom</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>can be qualified with</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Revision" href="#Revision" class="owlclass">prov:Revision</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedRevision" href="#qualifiedRevision" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedRevision</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="wasStartedBy" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-wasstartedby-------op-----------------back-to-expanded-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#wasStartedBy"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasStartedBy">prov:wasStartedBy</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-expanded-owl-properties-at-a-glance">expanded properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasStartedBy</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>Start is when an activity is deemed to
+have started. A start may refer to an entity, known as trigger, that
+initiated the activity.</p>
+ </div>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has super-properties</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith" href="#wasAssociatedWith" class="owlclass">prov:wasAssociatedWith</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>can be qualified with</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Start" href="#Start" class="owlclass">prov:Start</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedStart" href="#qualifiedStart" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedStart</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+</div>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="section" id="cross-reference-qualified-terms">
+ <h3><span class="secno">4.3 </span>Qualified Terms</h3>
+ <p>The terms used to qualify the Starting Point and Expanded properties are discussed in <a href="#description-qualified">Section 3.3</a>.</p>
+
+<div id="prov-qualified-owl-classes-at-a-glance" class="prov-qualified owl-classes at-a-glance">
+ <ul class="hlist">
+ <li>
+ <a href="#ActivityInvolvement">prov:ActivityInvolvement</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#AgentInvolvement">prov:AgentInvolvement</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Association">prov:Association</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Attribution">prov:Attribution</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Communication">prov:Communication</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Derivation">prov:Derivation</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#End">prov:End</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#EntityInvolvement">prov:EntityInvolvement</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Generation">prov:Generation</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#InstantaneousEvent">prov:InstantaneousEvent</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Involvement">prov:Involvement</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Plan">prov:Plan</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Quotation">prov:Quotation</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Responsibility">prov:Responsibility</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Revision">prov:Revision</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Role">prov:Role</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Source">prov:Source</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Start">prov:Start</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#StartByActivity">prov:StartByActivity</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Trace">prov:Trace</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Usage">prov:Usage</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+</div>
+
+<div id="prov-qualified-owl-properties-at-a-glance" class="prov-qualified owl-properties at-a-glance">
+ <ul class="hlist">
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#activity">prov:activity</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#agent">prov:agent</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="datatype-property">
+ <a href="#atTime">prov:atTime</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#entity">prov:entity</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#hadActivity">prov:hadActivity</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#hadGeneration">prov:hadGeneration</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#hadPlan">prov:hadPlan</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#hadQuoted">prov:hadQuoted</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#hadQuoter">prov:hadQuoter</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#hadRole">prov:hadRole</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#hadUsage">prov:hadUsage</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#involved">prov:involved</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedAssociation">prov:qualifiedAssociation</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedAttribution">prov:qualifiedAttribution</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedCommunication">prov:qualifiedCommunication</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedDerivation">prov:qualifiedDerivation</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedEnd">prov:qualifiedEnd</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedGeneration">prov:qualifiedGeneration</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedQuotation">prov:qualifiedQuotation</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedResponsibility">prov:qualifiedResponsibility</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedRevision">prov:qualifiedRevision</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedSource">prov:qualifiedSource</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedStart">prov:qualifiedStart</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedStartByActivity">prov:qualifiedStartByActivity</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedTrace">prov:qualifiedTrace</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedUsage">prov:qualifiedUsage</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+</div>
+
+ <div id="prov-qualified-owl-classes-crossreference" class="prov-qualified owl-classes crossreference">
+
+ <div id="ActivityInvolvement" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-activityinvolvement-----------------back-to-qualified-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#ActivityInvolvement"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#ActivityInvolvement">prov:ActivityInvolvement</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-classes-at-a-glance">qualified classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#ActivityInvolvement</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>prov:ActivityInvolvement provides descriptions of any binary involvement between any instance and an prov:Activity.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>is subclass of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Involvement" href="#Involvement" class="owlclass">prov:Involvement</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in domain of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#activity" href="#activity">prov:activity</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has subclasses</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Generation" href="#Generation" class="owlclass">prov:Generation</a>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Communication" href="#Communication" class="owlclass">prov:Communication</a>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#StartByActivity" href="#StartByActivity" class="owlclass">prov:StartByActivity</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="AgentInvolvement" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-agentinvolvement-----------------back-to-qualified-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#AgentInvolvement"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#AgentInvolvement">prov:AgentInvolvement</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-classes-at-a-glance">qualified classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#AgentInvolvement</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>prov:AgentInvolvement provides descriptions of any binary involvement between any instance and an prov:Agent.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>is subclass of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Involvement" href="#Involvement" class="owlclass">prov:Involvement</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in domain of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#agent" href="#agent">prov:agent</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has subclasses</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Responsibility" href="#Responsibility" class="owlclass">prov:Responsibility</a>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Association" href="#Association" class="owlclass">prov:Association</a>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Attribution" href="#Attribution" class="owlclass">prov:Attribution</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="Association" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-association-----------------back-to-qualified-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#Association"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Association">prov:Association</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-classes-at-a-glance">qualified classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Association</p>
+ <div class="definition"><p>An activity association is an assignment
+of responsibility to an agent for an activity, indicating that the agent
+ had a role in the activity. It further allows for a plan to be
+specified, which is the plan intended by the agent to achieve some goals
+ in the context of this activity.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>An instance of prov:Association provides
+additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasAssociatedWith relation
+ from an prov:Activity to some prov:Agent that is responsible for it.
+For example, :baking prov:wasAssociatedWith :baker; prov:qualified [ a
+prov:Association; prov:entity :baker; :foo :bar ].</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>is subclass of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#AgentInvolvement" href="#AgentInvolvement" class="owlclass">prov:AgentInvolvement</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in domain of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadPlan" href="#hadPlan">prov:hadPlan</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in range of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation" href="#qualifiedAssociation">prov:qualifiedAssociation</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith" href="#wasAssociatedWith" class="owlproperty">prov:wasAssociatedWith</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="Attribution" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-attribution-----------------back-to-qualified-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#Attribution"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Attribution">prov:Attribution</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-classes-at-a-glance">qualified classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Attribution</p>
+ <div class="definition"><p>Attribution is the ascribing of an entity to an agent.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>An instance of prov:Attribution provides
+additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasAttributedTo relation
+from an prov:Entity to some prov:Agent that is responsible for it. For
+example, :cake prov:wasAttributedTo :baker; prov:qualified [ a
+prov:Attribution; prov:entity :baker; :foo :bar ].</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>is subclass of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#AgentInvolvement" href="#AgentInvolvement" class="owlclass">prov:AgentInvolvement</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in range of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAttribution" href="#qualifiedAttribution">prov:qualifiedAttribution</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo" href="#wasAttributedTo" class="owlproperty">prov:wasAttributedTo</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="Communication" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-communication-----------------back-to-qualified-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#Communication"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Communication">prov:Communication</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-classes-at-a-glance">qualified classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Communication</p>
+ <div class="definition"><p>Communication is the exchange of an entity by two activities, one activity using the entity generated by the other.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>An instance of prov:Communication provides
+additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasInformedBy relation
+from an informed prov:Activity to the prov:Activity that informed it.
+For example, :you_jumping_off_bridge prov:wasInformedBy
+:everyone_else_jumping_off_bridge; prov:qualifiedCommunication [ a
+prov:Communication; prov:entity :everyone_else_jumping_off_bridge; :foo
+:bar ].</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>is subclass of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#ActivityInvolvement" href="#ActivityInvolvement" class="owlclass">prov:ActivityInvolvement</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in range of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedCommunication" href="#qualifiedCommunication">prov:qualifiedCommunication</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasInformedBy" href="#wasInformedBy" class="owlproperty">prov:wasInformedBy</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="Derivation" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-derivation-----------------back-to-qualified-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#Derivation"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Derivation">prov:Derivation</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-classes-at-a-glance">qualified classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Derivation</p>
+ <div class="definition"><p>A derivation is a transformation of an
+entity into another, a construction of an entity into another, or an
+update of an entity, resulting in a new one.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>An instance of prov:Derivation provides
+additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasDerivedFrom relation
+from some prov:Entity to another prov:Entity. For example,
+:chewed_bubble_gum prov:wasDerivedFrom :unwrapped_bubble_gum;
+prov:qualified [ a prov:Derivation; prov:entity :unwrapped_bubble_gum;
+:foo :bar ].</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>is subclass of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#EntityInvolvement" href="#EntityInvolvement" class="owlclass">prov:EntityInvolvement</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in domain of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadUsage" href="#hadUsage">prov:hadUsage</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadGeneration" href="#hadGeneration">prov:hadGeneration</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in range of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedDerivation" href="#qualifiedDerivation">prov:qualifiedDerivation</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom" href="#wasDerivedFrom" class="owlproperty">prov:wasDerivedFrom</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="End" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-end-----------------back-to-qualified-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#End"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#End">prov:End</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-classes-at-a-glance">qualified classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#End</p>
+ <div class="definition"><p>An activity end event is the instantaneous event that marks the instant an activity ends.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>An instance of prov:End provides additional
+descriptions about the binary prov:wasEndedBy relation from some ended
+prov:Activity to an prov:Entity that ended it. For example, :ball_game
+prov:wasEndedBy :buzzer; prov:qualified [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity
+:buzzer; :foo :bar; prov:atTime
+'2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00'^^xsd:dateTime ].</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>is subclass of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#InstantaneousEvent" href="#InstantaneousEvent" class="owlclass">prov:InstantaneousEvent</a>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#EntityInvolvement" href="#EntityInvolvement" class="owlclass">prov:EntityInvolvement</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in range of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedEnd" href="#qualifiedEnd">prov:qualifiedEnd</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasEndedBy" href="#wasEndedBy" class="owlproperty">prov:wasEndedBy</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="EntityInvolvement" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-entityinvolvement-----------------back-to-qualified-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#EntityInvolvement"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#EntityInvolvement">prov:EntityInvolvement</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-classes-at-a-glance">qualified classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#EntityInvolvement</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>prov:EntityInvolvement provides descriptions of any binary involvement between any instance and an prov:Entity.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>is subclass of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Involvement" href="#Involvement" class="owlclass">prov:Involvement</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in domain of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity" href="#entity">prov:entity</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has subclasses</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Usage" href="#Usage" class="owlclass">prov:Usage</a>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Source" href="#Source" class="owlclass">prov:Source</a>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Revision" href="#Revision" class="owlclass">prov:Revision</a>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Quotation" href="#Quotation" class="owlclass">prov:Quotation</a>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Start" href="#Start" class="owlclass">prov:Start</a>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#End" href="#End" class="owlclass">prov:End</a>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Derivation" href="#Derivation" class="owlclass">prov:Derivation</a>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Trace" href="#Trace" class="owlclass">prov:Trace</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="Generation" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-generation-----------------back-to-qualified-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#Generation"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Generation">prov:Generation</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-classes-at-a-glance">qualified classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Generation</p>
+ <div class="definition"><p>An entity generation event is the
+instantaneous event that marks the final instant of an entity's creation
+ timespan, after which it is no longer available for use.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>An instance of prov:Generation provides
+additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasGeneratedBy relation
+from a generated prov:Entity to the prov:Activity that generated it. For
+ example, :cake prov:wasGeneratedBy :baking; prov:qualifiedGeneration [ a
+ prov:Generation; prov:entity :baking; :foo :bar ].</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>is subclass of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#InstantaneousEvent" href="#InstantaneousEvent" class="owlclass">prov:InstantaneousEvent</a>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#ActivityInvolvement" href="#ActivityInvolvement" class="owlclass">prov:ActivityInvolvement</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in range of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadGeneration" href="#hadGeneration">prov:hadGeneration</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedGeneration" href="#qualifiedGeneration">prov:qualifiedGeneration</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy" href="#wasGeneratedBy" class="owlproperty">prov:wasGeneratedBy</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="InstantaneousEvent" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-instantaneousevent-----------------back-to-qualified-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#InstantaneousEvent"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#InstantaneousEvent">prov:InstantaneousEvent</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-classes-at-a-glance">qualified classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#InstantaneousEvent</p>
+ <div class="definition"><p>An instantaneous event, or event for
+short, happens in the world and marks a change in the world, in its
+activities and in its entities. The term 'event' is commonly used in
+process algebra with a similar meaning. Events represent communications
+or interactions; they are assumed to be atomic and instantaneous.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>An instantaneous event, or event for short,
+happens in the world and marks a change in the world, in its activities
+and in its entities. The term 'event' is commonly used in process
+algebra with a similar meaning. Events represent communications or
+interactions; they are assumed to be atomic and instantaneous.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>in domain of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atTime" href="#atTime">prov:atTime</a>
+ <sup class="type-dp" title="data property">dp</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has subclasses</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#End" href="#End" class="owlclass">prov:End</a>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Start" href="#Start" class="owlclass">prov:Start</a>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Usage" href="#Usage" class="owlclass">prov:Usage</a>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Generation" href="#Generation" class="owlclass">prov:Generation</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="Involvement" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-involvement-----------------back-to-qualified-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#Involvement"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Involvement">prov:Involvement</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-classes-at-a-glance">qualified classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Involvement</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>Any resource that involved an prov:Activity,
+ prov:Entity, or prov:Agent can qualify its involvement by also
+referencing an instance of prov:Involvement. Instances of
+prov:Involvement reference the involved Activity, Entity, or Agent
+(using prov:activity, prov:entity, or prov:agent, respectively) and may
+be described with any kind of attributes, including user-defined
+attributes and those provided by PROV (prov:hadRole, prov:hadPlan,
+prov:atTime, prov:hadLocation). A description (via prov:Involvement) of
+the binary involvement implies the assertion of the binary involvement.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>in domain of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#involvee" href="#involvee">prov:involvee</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadActivity" href="#hadActivity">prov:hadActivity</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadRole" href="#hadRole">prov:hadRole</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has subclasses</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#EntityInvolvement" href="#EntityInvolvement" class="owlclass">prov:EntityInvolvement</a>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#AgentInvolvement" href="#AgentInvolvement" class="owlclass">prov:AgentInvolvement</a>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#CollectionInvolvement" href="#CollectionInvolvement" class="owlclass">prov:CollectionInvolvement</a>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#ActivityInvolvement" href="#ActivityInvolvement" class="owlclass">prov:ActivityInvolvement</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#involved" href="#involved" class="owlproperty">prov:involved</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="Plan" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-plan-----------------back-to-qualified-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#Plan"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Plan">prov:Plan</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-classes-at-a-glance">qualified classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Plan</p>
+ <div class="definition"><p>A plan is an entity that represents a set of actions or steps intended by one or more agents to achieve some goals.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>There exist no prescriptive requirement on
+the nature of plans, their representation, the actions or steps they
+consist of, or their intended goals. Since plans may evolve over time,
+it may become necessary to track their provenance, so plans themselves
+are entities. Representing the plan explicitly in the provenance can be
+useful for various tasks: for example, to validate the execution as
+represented in the provenance record, to manage expectation failures, or
+ to provide explanations.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>is subclass of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in range of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadPlan" href="#hadPlan">prov:hadPlan</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="Quotation" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-quotation-----------------back-to-qualified-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#Quotation"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Quotation">prov:Quotation</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-classes-at-a-glance">qualified classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Quotation</p>
+ <div class="definition"><p>A quotation is the repeat of (some or all of) an entity, such as text or image, by someone other than its original author.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>An instance of prov:Quotation provides
+additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasQuotedFrom relation
+from some prov:Entity to another prov:Entity. For example,
+:here_is_looking_at_you_kid prov:wasQuotedFrom :casablanca_script;
+prov:qualified [ a prov:Quotation; prov:entity :casablanca_script; :foo
+:bar ].</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>is subclass of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#EntityInvolvement" href="#EntityInvolvement" class="owlclass">prov:EntityInvolvement</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in domain of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadQuoted" href="#hadQuoted">prov:hadQuoted</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadQuoter" href="#hadQuoter">prov:hadQuoter</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in range of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedQuotation" href="#qualifiedQuotation">prov:qualifiedQuotation</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasQuotedFrom" href="#wasQuotedFrom" class="owlproperty">prov:wasQuotedFrom</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="Responsibility" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-responsibility-----------------back-to-qualified-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#Responsibility"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Responsibility">prov:Responsibility</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-classes-at-a-glance">qualified classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Responsibility</p>
+ <div class="definition"><p>Responsibility is the fact that an agent is accountable for the actions of a 'subordinate' agent, in the context of an activity.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>An instance of prov:Responsibility provides
+additional descriptions about the binary prov:actedOnBehalfOf relation
+from a performing prov:Agent to some prov:Agent for whom it was
+performed. For example, :mixing prov:wasAssociatedWith :toddler .
+:toddler prov:actedOnBehalfOf :mother; prov:qualified [ a
+prov:Responsiblity; prov:entity :mother; :foo :bar ].</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>is subclass of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#AgentInvolvement" href="#AgentInvolvement" class="owlclass">prov:AgentInvolvement</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in range of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedResponsibility" href="#qualifiedResponsibility">prov:qualifiedResponsibility</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#actedOnBehalfOf" href="#actedOnBehalfOf" class="owlproperty">prov:actedOnBehalfOf</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="Revision" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-revision-----------------back-to-qualified-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#Revision"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Revision">prov:Revision</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-classes-at-a-glance">qualified classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Revision</p>
+ <div class="definition"><p>A revision is a derivation that revises an entity into a revised version.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>An instance of prov:Revision provides
+additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasRevisionOf relation
+from some prov:Entity to another prov:Entity. For example, :draft_2
+prov:wasRevisionOf :draft_1; prov:qualified [ a prov:Source; prov:entity
+ :draft_1; :foo :bar ].</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>is subclass of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#EntityInvolvement" href="#EntityInvolvement" class="owlclass">prov:EntityInvolvement</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in range of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedRevision" href="#qualifiedRevision">prov:qualifiedRevision</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasRevisionOf" href="#wasRevisionOf" class="owlproperty">prov:wasRevisionOf</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="Role" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-role-----------------back-to-qualified-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#Role"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Role">prov:Role</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-classes-at-a-glance">qualified classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Role</p>
+ <div class="definition"><p>A Role is the function of an entity with
+respect to an activity, in the context of a usage, generation,
+association, start, and end.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>A Role is the function of an entity with
+respect to an activity, in the context of a usage, generation,
+association, start, and end.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>in range of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadRole" href="#hadRole">prov:hadRole</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="Source" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-source-----------------back-to-qualified-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#Source"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Source">prov:Source</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-classes-at-a-glance">qualified classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Source</p>
+ <div class="definition"><p>An original source refers to the source material that is closest to the person, information, period, or idea being studied.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>An instance of prov:Source provides
+additional descriptions about the binary prov:hadOriginalSource relation
+ from some prov:Entity to another prov:Entity. For example, :blog
+prov:hadOriginalSource :newsArticle; prov:qualified [ a prov:Source;
+prov:entity :newsArticle; :foo :bar ].</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>is subclass of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#EntityInvolvement" href="#EntityInvolvement" class="owlclass">prov:EntityInvolvement</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in range of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedSource" href="#qualifiedSource">prov:qualifiedSource</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadOriginalSource" href="#hadOriginalSource" class="owlproperty">prov:hadOriginalSource</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="Start" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-start-----------------back-to-qualified-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#Start"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Start">prov:Start</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-classes-at-a-glance">qualified classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Start</p>
+ <div class="definition"><p>An activity start event is the instantaneous event that marks the instant an activity starts.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>An instance of prov:Start provides
+additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasStartedBy relation from
+ some started prov:Activity to an prov:Entity that started it. For
+example, :foot_race prov:wasStartedBy :bang; prov:qualified [ a
+prov:Usage; prov:entity :bang; :foo :bar; prov:atTime
+'2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00'^^xsd:dateTime ].</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>is subclass of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#InstantaneousEvent" href="#InstantaneousEvent" class="owlclass">prov:InstantaneousEvent</a>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#EntityInvolvement" href="#EntityInvolvement" class="owlclass">prov:EntityInvolvement</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in range of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedStart" href="#qualifiedStart">prov:qualifiedStart</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasStartedBy" href="#wasStartedBy" class="owlproperty">prov:wasStartedBy</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="StartByActivity" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-startbyactivity-----------------back-to-qualified-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#StartByActivity"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#StartByActivity">prov:StartByActivity</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-classes-at-a-glance">qualified classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#StartByActivity</p>
+ <div class="definition"><p>Start by Activity is the start of an activity with an implicit trigger generated by another activity.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>An instance of prov:StartedByActivity
+provides additional descriptions about the binary
+prov:wasStartedByActivity relation from some started prov:Activity to
+another prov:Activity started it. For example, :second_leg_of_relay
+prov:wasStartedByActivity :handed_baton; prov:qualified [ a prov:Usage;
+prov:entity :handed_baton; :foo :bar; prov:atTime
+'2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00'^^xsd:dateTime ].</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>is subclass of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#ActivityInvolvement" href="#ActivityInvolvement" class="owlclass">prov:ActivityInvolvement</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in range of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedStartByActivity" href="#qualifiedStartByActivity">prov:qualifiedStartByActivity</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasStartedByActivity" href="#wasStartedByActivity" class="owlproperty">prov:wasStartedByActivity</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="Trace" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-trace-----------------back-to-qualified-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#Trace"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Trace">prov:Trace</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-classes-at-a-glance">qualified classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Trace</p>
+ <div class="definition"><p>Traceability is the ability to link back
+an entity to another by means of derivation or responsibility relations,
+ possibly repeatedly traversed.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>An instance of prov:Trace provides
+additional descriptions about the binary prov:tracedTo relation from
+some prov:Entity to some other prov:Element. For example, :stomach_ache
+prov:tracedTo :spoon; prov:qualified [ a prov:Trace; prov:entity :spoon;
+ :foo :bar ].</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>is subclass of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#EntityInvolvement" href="#EntityInvolvement" class="owlclass">prov:EntityInvolvement</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in range of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedTrace" href="#qualifiedTrace">prov:qualifiedTrace</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#tracedTo" href="#tracedTo" class="owlproperty">prov:tracedTo</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="Usage" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-usage-----------------back-to-qualified-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#Usage"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Usage">prov:Usage</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-classes-at-a-glance">qualified classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Usage</p>
+ <div class="definition"><p>A usage is an instantaneous world event:
+an activity beginning to consume an entity. Before this event, the
+activity had not begun to consume or use to this entity.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>An instance of prov:Usage provides
+additional descriptions about the binary prov:used relation from some
+prov:Activity to an prov:Entity that it used. For example, :keynote
+prov:used :podium; prov:qualified [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :podium;
+:foo :bar ].</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>is subclass of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#InstantaneousEvent" href="#InstantaneousEvent" class="owlclass">prov:InstantaneousEvent</a>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#EntityInvolvement" href="#EntityInvolvement" class="owlclass">prov:EntityInvolvement</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in range of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadUsage" href="#hadUsage">prov:hadUsage</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedUsage" href="#qualifiedUsage">prov:qualifiedUsage</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#used" href="#used" class="owlproperty">prov:used</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+</div>
+<div id="prov-qualified-owl-properties-crossreference" class="prov-qualified owl-properties crossreference">
+ <div id="activity" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-activity-------op-----------------back-to-qualified-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#activity"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#activity">prov:activity</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-properties-at-a-glance">qualified properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#activity</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>The property used by an
+prov:ActivityInvolvement to cite the prov:Activity that was involved
+with either an Activity or Entity. It can be used to refer to the
+activity involved in generating an entity, informing another activity,
+or starting another activity.</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Functional </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has super-properties</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#involvee" href="#involvee" class="owlclass">prov:involvee</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#ActivityInvolvement" href="#ActivityInvolvement" class="owlclass">prov:ActivityInvolvement</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="agent" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-agent-------op-----------------back-to-qualified-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#agent"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#agent">prov:agent</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-properties-at-a-glance">qualified properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#agent</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>The property used by a
+prov:AgentInvolvement to cite the Agent that was prov:involved with
+either an Activity or Entity. It can be used to express the agent
+involved in being responsible for an activity, being attributed to an
+entity, starting or ending an activity, or being responsible for another
+ subordinate agent in an activity.</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Functional </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has super-properties</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#involvee" href="#involvee" class="owlclass">prov:involvee</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#AgentInvolvement" href="#AgentInvolvement" class="owlclass">prov:AgentInvolvement</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent" href="#Agent" class="owlclass">prov:Agent</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="atTime" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-attime-------dp-----------------back-to-qualified-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#atTime"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atTime">prov:atTime</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-dp" title="data property">dp</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-properties-at-a-glance">qualified properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atTime</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Functional </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#InstantaneousEvent" href="#InstantaneousEvent" class="owlclass">prov:InstantaneousEvent</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="entity" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-entity-------op-----------------back-to-qualified-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#entity"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity">prov:entity</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-properties-at-a-glance">qualified properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>The property used by an
+prov:EntityInvolvement to cite the Entity that was prov:involved with
+either an Activity or Entity. It can be used to refer to the entity
+involved in deriving another entity, being quoted or revised from, being
+ the source of another entity, or being used in an activity. </p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Functional </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has super-properties</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#involvee" href="#involvee" class="owlclass">prov:involvee</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#EntityInvolvement" href="#EntityInvolvement" class="owlclass">prov:EntityInvolvement</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="hadActivity" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-hadactivity-------op-----------------back-to-qualified-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#hadActivity"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadActivity">prov:hadActivity</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-properties-at-a-glance">qualified properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadActivity</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>The activity generating the derived entity and using the derived-from entity.</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Functional </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Involvement" href="#Involvement" class="owlclass">prov:Involvement</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ TODO: one of a few classes.
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="hadGeneration" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-hadgeneration-------op-----------------back-to-qualified-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#hadGeneration"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadGeneration">prov:hadGeneration</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-properties-at-a-glance">qualified properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadGeneration</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>The generation involving the generated entity and activity.</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Functional </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Derivation" href="#Derivation" class="owlclass">prov:Derivation</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Generation" href="#Generation" class="owlclass">prov:Generation</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="hadPlan" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-hadplan-------op-----------------back-to-qualified-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#hadPlan"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadPlan">prov:hadPlan</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-properties-at-a-glance">qualified properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadPlan</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>The Activity performed was described by
+the given plan resource. Activity specifications, as referred to by plan
+ links, are out of scope of this specification</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Functional , Asymmetric , Irreflexive </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Association" href="#Association" class="owlclass">prov:Association</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Plan" href="#Plan" class="owlclass">prov:Plan</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="hadQuoted" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-hadquoted-------op-----------------back-to-qualified-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#hadQuoted"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadQuoted">prov:hadQuoted</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-properties-at-a-glance">qualified properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadQuoted</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>The agent who attributed to the original entity.</p>
+ </div>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Quotation" href="#Quotation" class="owlclass">prov:Quotation</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent" href="#Agent" class="owlclass">prov:Agent</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="hadQuoter" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-hadquoter-------op-----------------back-to-qualified-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#hadQuoter"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadQuoter">prov:hadQuoter</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-properties-at-a-glance">qualified properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadQuoter</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>The agent who is doing the quoting.</p>
+ </div>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Quotation" href="#Quotation" class="owlclass">prov:Quotation</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent" href="#Agent" class="owlclass">prov:Agent</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="hadRole" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-hadrole-------op-----------------back-to-qualified-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#hadRole"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadRole">prov:hadRole</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-properties-at-a-glance">qualified properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadRole</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>When an instance of prov:Involvement uses
+the prov:hadRole property to cite a prov:Role, it is providing a role
+for the instance referenced by the prov:entity or the prov:activity
+properties. For example, :baking prov:used :spoon; prov:qualified [ a
+prov:Usage; prov:entity :spoon; prov:hadRole roles:mixing_implement ].</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Irreflexive </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Involvement" href="#Involvement" class="owlclass">prov:Involvement</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ TODO: one of a few classes.
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Role" href="#Role" class="owlclass">prov:Role</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="hadUsage" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-hadusage-------op-----------------back-to-qualified-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#hadUsage"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadUsage">prov:hadUsage</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-properties-at-a-glance">qualified properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadUsage</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>The usage involving the used entity and activity.</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Functional </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Derivation" href="#Derivation" class="owlclass">prov:Derivation</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Usage" href="#Usage" class="owlclass">prov:Usage</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="involved" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-involved-------op-----------------back-to-qualified-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#involved"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#involved">prov:involved</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-properties-at-a-glance">qualified properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#involved</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>Subproperties of prov:involved may be be
+qualified by creating instances of a corresponding prov:Involvement
+class. For example, the binary relation :baking prov:used :spoon can be
+qualified by asserting :baking prov:qualified [ a prov:Usage;
+prov:entity :baking; :foo :bar ]
+
+prov:involved should not be used without also using one of its
+subproperties.
+
+Subproperties of prov:involved may also be asserted directly without
+being qualified.</p>
+ </div>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has sub-properties</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#actedOnBehalfOf" href="#actedOnBehalfOf" class="owlclass">prov:actedOnBehalfOf</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasStartedByActivity" href="#wasStartedByActivity" class="owlclass">prov:wasStartedByActivity</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasInformedBy" href="#wasInformedBy" class="owlclass">prov:wasInformedBy</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#tracedTo" href="#tracedTo" class="owlclass">prov:tracedTo</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#generated" href="#generated" class="owlclass">prov:generated</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith" href="#wasAssociatedWith" class="owlclass">prov:wasAssociatedWith</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy" href="#wasGeneratedBy" class="owlclass">prov:wasGeneratedBy</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#used" href="#used" class="owlclass">prov:used</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="qualifiedAssociation" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-qualifiedassociation-------op-----------------back-to-qualified-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#qualifiedAssociation"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation">prov:qualifiedAssociation</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-properties-at-a-glance">qualified properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>If this Activity prov:wasAssociatedWith
+Agent :ag, then it can qualify the Association using
+prov:qualifiedAssociation [ a prov:Association; prov:agent :ag; :foo
+:bar ].</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Inverse Functional </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Association" href="#Association" class="owlclass">prov:Association</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith" href="#wasAssociatedWith" class="owlproperty">prov:wasAssociatedWith</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="qualifiedAttribution" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-qualifiedattribution-------op-----------------back-to-qualified-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#qualifiedAttribution"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAttribution">prov:qualifiedAttribution</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-properties-at-a-glance">qualified properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAttribution</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>If this Entity prov:wasAttributedTo Agent
+:ag, then it can qualify how it was using prov:qualifiedAttribution [ a
+ prov:Attribution; prov:agent :ag; :foo :bar ].</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Inverse Functional </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Attribution" href="#Attribution" class="owlclass">prov:Attribution</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo" href="#wasAttributedTo" class="owlproperty">prov:wasAttributedTo</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="qualifiedCommunication" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-qualifiedcommunication-------op-----------------back-to-qualified-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#qualifiedCommunication"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedCommunication">prov:qualifiedCommunication</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-properties-at-a-glance">qualified properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedCommunication</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>If this Activity prov:wasInformedBy
+Activity :a, then it can qualify how it was Inform[ed] using
+prov:qualifiedInform [ a prov:Inform; prov:activity :a; :foo :bar ].</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Inverse Functional </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Communication" href="#Communication" class="owlclass">prov:Communication</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>can be qualified with</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Communication" href="#Communication" class="owlclass">prov:Communication</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="qualifiedDerivation" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-qualifiedderivation-------op-----------------back-to-qualified-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#qualifiedDerivation"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedDerivation">prov:qualifiedDerivation</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-properties-at-a-glance">qualified properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedDerivation</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>If this Entity prov:wasDerivedFrom Entity
+:e, then it can qualify how it was derived using
+prov:qualifiedDerivation [ a prov:Derivation; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar
+ ].</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Inverse Functional </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Derivation" href="#Derivation" class="owlclass">prov:Derivation</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom" href="#wasDerivedFrom" class="owlproperty">prov:wasDerivedFrom</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="qualifiedEnd" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-qualifiedend-------op-----------------back-to-qualified-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#qualifiedEnd"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedEnd">prov:qualifiedEnd</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-properties-at-a-glance">qualified properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedEnd</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>If this Activity prov:wasEndedBy Agent
+:ag, then it can qualify how it was ended using prov:qualifiedEnd [ a
+prov:End; prov:agent :ag; :foo :bar ].</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Inverse Functional </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#End" href="#End" class="owlclass">prov:End</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasEndedBy" href="#wasEndedBy" class="owlproperty">prov:wasEndedBy</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="qualifiedGeneration" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-qualifiedgeneration-------op-----------------back-to-qualified-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#qualifiedGeneration"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedGeneration">prov:qualifiedGeneration</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-properties-at-a-glance">qualified properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedGeneration</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>If this Activity prov:generated Entity :e,
+ then it can qualify how it did performed the Generation using
+prov:qualifiedGeneration [ a prov:Generation; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar
+ ].</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Inverse Functional </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Generation" href="#Generation" class="owlclass">prov:Generation</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy" href="#wasGeneratedBy" class="owlproperty">prov:wasGeneratedBy</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="qualifiedQuotation" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-qualifiedquotation-------op-----------------back-to-qualified-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#qualifiedQuotation"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedQuotation">prov:qualifiedQuotation</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-properties-at-a-glance">qualified properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedQuotation</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>If this Entity prov:wasQuotedFrom Entity
+:e, then it can qualify how using prov:qualifiedQuotation [ a
+prov:Quotation; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Inverse Functional </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Quotation" href="#Quotation" class="owlclass">prov:Quotation</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasQuotedFrom" href="#wasQuotedFrom" class="owlproperty">prov:wasQuotedFrom</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="qualifiedResponsibility" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-qualifiedresponsibility-------op-----------------back-to-qualified-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#qualifiedResponsibility"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedResponsibility">prov:qualifiedResponsibility</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-properties-at-a-glance">qualified properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedResponsibility</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>If this Agent prov:actedOnBehalfOf Agent
+:ag, then it can qualify how with prov:qualifiedResponsibility [ a
+prov:Responsibility; prov:agent :ag; :foo :bar ].</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Inverse Functional </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent" href="#Agent" class="owlclass">prov:Agent</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Responsibility" href="#Responsibility" class="owlclass">prov:Responsibility</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#actedOnBehalfOf" href="#actedOnBehalfOf" class="owlproperty">prov:actedOnBehalfOf</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="qualifiedRevision" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-qualifiedrevision-------op-----------------back-to-qualified-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#qualifiedRevision"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedRevision">prov:qualifiedRevision</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-properties-at-a-glance">qualified properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedRevision</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>If this Entity prov:wasRevisionOf Entity
+:e, then it can qualify how it was revised using prov:qualifiedRevision
+ [ a prov:Revision; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Inverse Functional </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Revision" href="#Revision" class="owlclass">prov:Revision</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasRevisionOf" href="#wasRevisionOf" class="owlproperty">prov:wasRevisionOf</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="qualifiedSource" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-qualifiedsource-------op-----------------back-to-qualified-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#qualifiedSource"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedSource">prov:qualifiedSource</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-properties-at-a-glance">qualified properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedSource</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>If this Entity prov:hadOriginalSource
+Entity :e, then it can qualify how using prov:qualifiedSource [ a
+prov:Source; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Inverse Functional </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Source" href="#Source" class="owlclass">prov:Source</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadOriginalSource" href="#hadOriginalSource" class="owlproperty">prov:hadOriginalSource</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="qualifiedStart" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-qualifiedstart-------op-----------------back-to-qualified-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#qualifiedStart"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedStart">prov:qualifiedStart</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-properties-at-a-glance">qualified properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedStart</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>If this Activity prov:wasStartedBy Agent
+:ag, then it can qualify how it was started using prov:qualifiedStart [ a
+ prov:Start; prov:agent :ag; :foo :bar ].</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Inverse Functional </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Start" href="#Start" class="owlclass">prov:Start</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasStartedBy" href="#wasStartedBy" class="owlproperty">prov:wasStartedBy</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="qualifiedStartByActivity" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-qualifiedstartbyactivity-------op-----------------back-to-qualified-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#qualifiedStartByActivity"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedStartByActivity">prov:qualifiedStartByActivity</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-properties-at-a-glance">qualified properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedStartByActivity</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>If this Activity prov:wasStartedByActivity
+ :a, then it can qualify how it was started using prov:qualifiedStart [ a
+ prov:Start; prov:activity :a; :foo :bar ].</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Inverse Functional </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#StartByActivity" href="#StartByActivity" class="owlclass">prov:StartByActivity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasStartedByActivity" href="#wasStartedByActivity" class="owlproperty">prov:wasStartedByActivity</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="qualifiedTrace" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-qualifiedtrace-------op-----------------back-to-qualified-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#qualifiedTrace"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedTrace">prov:qualifiedTrace</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-properties-at-a-glance">qualified properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedTrace</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>If this prov:wasAttributedTo Entity :e,
+then it can qualify how using prov:qualifiedTrace [ a prov:Trace;
+prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ]. If this prov:wasAttributedTo Activity :a,
+then it can qualify how using prov:qualifiedTrace [ a prov:Trace;
+prov:activity :a; :foo :bar ].</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Inverse Functional </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Trace" href="#Trace" class="owlclass">prov:Trace</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#tracedTo" href="#tracedTo" class="owlproperty">prov:tracedTo</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="qualifiedUsage" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-qualifiedusage-------op-----------------back-to-qualified-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#qualifiedUsage"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedUsage">prov:qualifiedUsage</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-qualified-owl-properties-at-a-glance">qualified properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedUsage</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>If this Activity prov:used Entity :e, then
+ it can qualify how it used it using prov:qualifiedUsage [ a prov:Usage;
+ prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Inverse Functional </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" href="#Activity" class="owlclass">prov:Activity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Usage" href="#Usage" class="owlclass">prov:Usage</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#used" href="#used" class="owlproperty">prov:used</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+</div>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="section" id="cross-reference-collection-terms">
+ <h3><span class="secno">4.4 </span>Collections Terms</h3>
+ <p>The terms used to describe the provenance of collections of key-value pairs are discussed in <a href="#description-collections">Section 3.4</a>.</p>
+
+<div id="prov-collections-owl-classes-at-a-glance" class="prov-collections owl-classes at-a-glance">
+ <ul class="hlist">
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Collection">prov:Collection</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#CollectionInvolvement">prov:CollectionInvolvement</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#EmptyCollection">prov:EmptyCollection</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Insertion">prov:Insertion</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#KeyValuePair">prov:KeyValuePair</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Membership">prov:Membership</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a href="#Removal">prov:Removal</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+</div>
+
+<div id="prov-collections-owl-properties-at-a-glance" class="prov-collections owl-properties at-a-glance">
+ <ul class="hlist">
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#collection">prov:collection</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#derivedByInsertionFrom">prov:derivedByInsertionFrom</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#derivedByRemovalFrom">prov:derivedByRemovalFrom</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#inserted">prov:inserted</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="datatype-property">
+ <a href="#key">prov:key</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#member">prov:member</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#membership">prov:membership</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedInsertion">prov:qualifiedInsertion</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#qualifiedRemoval">prov:qualifiedRemoval</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="datatype-property">
+ <a href="#removedKey">prov:removedKey</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="object-property">
+ <a href="#value">prov:value</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+</div>
+
+ <div id="prov-collections-owl-classes-crossreference" class="prov-collections owl-classes crossreference">
+
+ <div id="Collection" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-collection-----------------back-to-collections-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#Collection"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Collection">prov:Collection</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-collections-owl-classes-at-a-glance">collections classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Collection</p>
+ <div class="definition"><p>A collection is an entity that provides a
+ structure to some constituents, which are themselves entities. These
+constituents are said to be member of the collections.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>This concept allows for the provenance of
+the collection, but also of its constituents to be expressed. Such a
+notion of collection corresponds to a wide variety of concrete data
+structures, such as a maps, dictionaries, or associative arrays.</p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="comment"><p>A given collection forms a given structure
+for its members. A different structure (obtained either by insertion or
+removal of members) constitutes a different collection.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>is subclass of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in domain of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#derivedByInsertionFrom" href="#derivedByInsertionFrom">prov:derivedByInsertionFrom</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedRemoval" href="#qualifiedRemoval">prov:qualifiedRemoval</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedInsertion" href="#qualifiedInsertion">prov:qualifiedInsertion</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#derivedByRemovalFrom" href="#derivedByRemovalFrom">prov:derivedByRemovalFrom</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#membership" href="#membership">prov:membership</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in range of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#derivedByInsertionFrom" href="#derivedByInsertionFrom">prov:derivedByInsertionFrom</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#collection" href="#collection">prov:collection</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#derivedByRemovalFrom" href="#derivedByRemovalFrom">prov:derivedByRemovalFrom</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has subclass</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#EmptyCollection" href="#EmptyCollection" class="owlclass">prov:EmptyCollection</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="CollectionInvolvement" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-collectioninvolvement-----------------back-to-collections-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#CollectionInvolvement"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#CollectionInvolvement">prov:CollectionInvolvement</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-collections-owl-classes-at-a-glance">collections classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#CollectionInvolvement</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>prov:CollectionInvolvement provides descriptions of any binary involvement between any instance and a prov:Collection.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>is subclass of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Involvement" href="#Involvement" class="owlclass">prov:Involvement</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in domain of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#collection" href="#collection">prov:collection</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has subclasses</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Insertion" href="#Insertion" class="owlclass">prov:Insertion</a>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Removal" href="#Removal" class="owlclass">prov:Removal</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="EmptyCollection" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-emptycollection-----------------back-to-collections-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#EmptyCollection"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#EmptyCollection">prov:EmptyCollection</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-collections-owl-classes-at-a-glance">collections classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#EmptyCollection</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>An empty collection.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>is subclass of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Collection" href="#Collection" class="owlclass">prov:Collection</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="Insertion" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-insertion-----------------back-to-collections-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#Insertion"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Insertion">prov:Insertion</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-collections-owl-classes-at-a-glance">collections classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Insertion</p>
+ <div class="definition"><p>Insertion is a derivation that transforms a collection into another, by insertion of one or more key-value pairs.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>Insertion is a derivation that transforms a collection into another, by insertion of one or more key-value pairs.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>is subclass of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#CollectionInvolvement" href="#CollectionInvolvement" class="owlclass">prov:CollectionInvolvement</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in domain of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#inserted" href="#inserted">prov:inserted</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in range of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedInsertion" href="#qualifiedInsertion">prov:qualifiedInsertion</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#derivedByInsertionFrom" href="#derivedByInsertionFrom" class="owlproperty">prov:derivedByInsertionFrom</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="KeyValuePair" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-keyvaluepair-----------------back-to-collections-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#KeyValuePair"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#KeyValuePair">prov:KeyValuePair</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-collections-owl-classes-at-a-glance">collections classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#KeyValuePair</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>A key-value pair. Part of a prov:Collection through prov:Membership. The key is any RDF Literal, the value is a prov:Entity.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>in domain of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value" href="#value">prov:value</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#key" href="#key">prov:key</a>
+ <sup class="type-dp" title="data property">dp</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in range of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#member" href="#member">prov:member</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#inserted" href="#inserted">prov:inserted</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="Membership" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-membership-----------------back-to-collections-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#Membership"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Membership">prov:Membership</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-collections-owl-classes-at-a-glance">collections classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Membership</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>Described members of a collection, in the
+form of key-value pairs. The Membership resource can also be annotated
+with attributes.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>in domain of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#member" href="#member">prov:member</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in range of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#membership" href="#membership">prov:membership</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#membership" href="#membership" class="owlproperty">prov:membership</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="Removal" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="class--prov-removal-----------------back-to-collections-classes">
+ Class: <a href="#Removal"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Removal">prov:Removal</span></a>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-collections-owl-classes-at-a-glance">collections classes</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Removal</p>
+ <div class="definition"><p>Removal is a derivation that transforms a collection into another, by removing one or more key-value pairs.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>Removal is a derivation that transforms a collection into another, by removing one or more key-value pairs.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <dt>is subclass of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#CollectionInvolvement" href="#CollectionInvolvement" class="owlclass">prov:CollectionInvolvement</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in domain of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#removedKey" href="#removedKey">prov:removedKey</a>
+ <sup class="type-dp" title="data property">dp</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>in range of</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedRemoval" href="#qualifiedRemoval">prov:qualifiedRemoval</a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#derivedByRemovalFrom" href="#derivedByRemovalFrom" class="owlproperty">prov:derivedByRemovalFrom</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+</div>
+<div id="prov-collections-owl-properties-crossreference" class="prov-collections owl-properties crossreference">
+ <div id="collection" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-collection-------op-----------------back-to-collections-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#collection"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#collection">prov:collection</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-collections-owl-properties-at-a-glance">collections properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#collection</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>The property used by a
+prov:CollectionInvolvement to cite the prov:Collection that was
+prov:involved in insertion or removal of elements of a collection. </p>
+ </div>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has super-properties</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#involvee" href="#involvee" class="owlclass">prov:involvee</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#CollectionInvolvement" href="#CollectionInvolvement" class="owlclass">prov:CollectionInvolvement</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Collection" href="#Collection" class="owlclass">prov:Collection</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="derivedByInsertionFrom" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-derivedbyinsertionfrom-------op-----------------back-to-collections-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#derivedByInsertionFrom"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#derivedByInsertionFrom">prov:derivedByInsertionFrom</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-collections-owl-properties-at-a-glance">collections properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#derivedByInsertionFrom</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>The collection was derived from the other
+by insertion. prov:qualifiedInsertion shows details of the insertion, in
+ particular the inserted key-value pairs.</p>
+ </div>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has super-properties</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom" href="#wasDerivedFrom" class="owlclass">prov:wasDerivedFrom</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Collection" href="#Collection" class="owlclass">prov:Collection</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Collection" href="#Collection" class="owlclass">prov:Collection</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>can be qualified with</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedInsertion" href="#qualifiedInsertion" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedInsertion</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Insertion" href="#Insertion" class="owlclass">prov:Insertion</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="derivedByRemovalFrom" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-derivedbyremovalfrom-------op-----------------back-to-collections-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#derivedByRemovalFrom"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#derivedByRemovalFrom">prov:derivedByRemovalFrom</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-collections-owl-properties-at-a-glance">collections properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#derivedByRemovalFrom</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>The collection was derived from the other
+by removal. prov:qualifiedRemoval shows details of the removal, in
+particular the removed key-value pairs.</p>
+ </div>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has super-properties</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom" href="#wasDerivedFrom" class="owlclass">prov:wasDerivedFrom</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Collection" href="#Collection" class="owlclass">prov:Collection</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Collection" href="#Collection" class="owlclass">prov:Collection</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>can be qualified with</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedRemoval" href="#qualifiedRemoval" class="owlproperty">prov:qualifiedRemoval</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Removal" href="#Removal" class="owlclass">prov:Removal</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="inserted" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-inserted-------op-----------------back-to-collections-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#inserted"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#inserted">prov:inserted</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-collections-owl-properties-at-a-glance">collections properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#inserted</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>An object property to refer to the prov:KeyValuePair inserted into a prov:Collection.</p>
+ </div>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Insertion" href="#Insertion" class="owlclass">prov:Insertion</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#KeyValuePair" href="#KeyValuePair" class="owlclass">prov:KeyValuePair</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="key" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-key-------dp-----------------back-to-collections-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#key"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#key">prov:key</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-dp" title="data property">dp</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-collections-owl-properties-at-a-glance">collections properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#key</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>The key of a KeyValuePair, which is an element of a prov:Collection.</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Functional </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#KeyValuePair" href="#KeyValuePair" class="owlclass">prov:KeyValuePair</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="member" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-member-------op-----------------back-to-collections-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#member"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#member">prov:member</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-collections-owl-properties-at-a-glance">collections properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#member</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>The key-value pair was part of the membership. A membership can have multiple members.</p>
+ </div>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Membership" href="#Membership" class="owlclass">prov:Membership</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#KeyValuePair" href="#KeyValuePair" class="owlclass">prov:KeyValuePair</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="membership" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-membership-------op-----------------back-to-collections-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#membership"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#membership">prov:membership</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-collections-owl-properties-at-a-glance">collections properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#membership</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>The collection included the specified membership of keys-values.</p>
+ </div>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Collection" href="#Collection" class="owlclass">prov:Collection</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Membership" href="#Membership" class="owlclass">prov:Membership</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="qualifiedInsertion" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-qualifiedinsertion-------op-----------------back-to-collections-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#qualifiedInsertion"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedInsertion">prov:qualifiedInsertion</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-collections-owl-properties-at-a-glance">collections properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedInsertion</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>If this Collection
+prov:derivedByInsertionFrom another Collection :e, then it can qualify
+how it did perform the Insertion using prov:qualifiedInsertion [ a
+prov:Insertion; prov:collection :e; prov:inserted [a prov:KeyValuePair;
+ prov:key "k1"^^xsd:string; prov:value :foo] ].</p>
+ </div>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Collection" href="#Collection" class="owlclass">prov:Collection</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Insertion" href="#Insertion" class="owlclass">prov:Insertion</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#derivedByInsertionFrom" href="#derivedByInsertionFrom" class="owlproperty">prov:derivedByInsertionFrom</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="qualifiedRemoval" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-qualifiedremoval-------op-----------------back-to-collections-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#qualifiedRemoval"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedRemoval">prov:qualifiedRemoval</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-collections-owl-properties-at-a-glance">collections properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedRemoval</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>If this Collection
+prov:derivedByRemovalFrom another Collection :e, then it can qualify how
+ it did perform the Removal using prov:qualifiedRemoval [ a
+prov:Removal; prov:collection :c; prov:removed "k1"^^xsd:string ].</p>
+ </div>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Collection" href="#Collection" class="owlclass">prov:Collection</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Removal" href="#Removal" class="owlclass">prov:Removal</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>qualifies</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#derivedByRemovalFrom" href="#derivedByRemovalFrom" class="owlproperty">prov:derivedByRemovalFrom</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="removedKey" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-removedkey-------dp-----------------back-to-collections-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#removedKey"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#removedKey">prov:removedKey</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-dp" title="data property">dp</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-collections-owl-properties-at-a-glance">collections properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#removedKey</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>The key removed in a Removal.</p>
+ </div>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Removal" href="#Removal" class="owlclass">prov:Removal</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div id="value" class="entity">
+ <h3 id="property--prov-value-------op-----------------back-to-collections-properties">
+ Property: <a href="#value"><span class="dotted" title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value">prov:value</span></a>
+ <sup class="type-op" title="object property">op</sup>
+ <span class="backlink">
+ back to <a href="#prov-collections-owl-properties-at-a-glance">collections properties</a>
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+ <p><strong>IRI:</strong> http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+ <strong>Example</strong>
+ <pre>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix : <http://example.com/> .
+
+# TODO
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="description">
+ <div class="comment"><p>The value of a KeyValuePair.</p>
+ </div>
+ <p><strong>has characteristics</strong> Functional </p>
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>has domain</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#KeyValuePair" href="#KeyValuePair" class="owlclass">prov:KeyValuePair</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>has range</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity" href="#Entity" class="owlclass">prov:Entity</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+</div>
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ <!--section class="appendix">
+ <h2>Changes Since First Public Working Draft</h2>
+ <ul>
+ <li>2012-01-18: hadParticipant was replaced with wasAssociatedWith. Restyled domain/range diagrams.</li>
+ <li>2012-01-17: Recipe changed to Plan, linked to Association
+ (formerly Control)</li>
+ <li>2012-01-16: Added Agent subclasses Person, Organization
+ and SoftwareAgent
+ <li>2012-01-16: Added alternateOf and specializationOf
+ <li>2012-01-18: Replaced wasControlledBy with wasAssociatedWith relation
+ <li>2012-01-19: Added wasStartedBy and wasEndedBy relations
+ </ul>
+ </section-->
+
+<!-- <section class="appendix">
+ <h2>Provenance-specific Constraints</h2>
+ <p>This section lists the provenance-specific constraints introduced by the PROV-DM [[PROV-DM]], but are still under discussion.
+ <section id="provenance-constraint-on-activity">
+ <h4>Provenance constraint on Activity</h4>
+ <p>The PROV-DM describes a constraint on ordering of time (or event) associated with a <a href="#activity">Activity.</a> </p>
+ <div class='issue'>"From a process execution expression, one can infer that the start event precedes the end event of the represented activity." This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/121">ISSUE-121</a></div>
+ </section>
+ <section id="provenance-constraint-on-wasgeneratedby-generation-affects-attributes">
+ <h4>Provenance constraint on wasGeneratedBy (generation-affects-attributes)</h4>
+ <p>The PROV-DM describes a constraint on wasGeneratedBy that associates the values of attributes of an Entity with the Activity that generated the Entity.</p>
+ <div class='issue'>"Given a process execution act, entity e, role r, and optional time t, if the assertion wasGeneratedBy(e,pe,r) or wasGeneratedBy(e,pe,r,t) holds, the values of some of e's attributes are determined by the activity denoted by act and the entities used by act. Only some (possibly none) of the attributes values may be determined since, in an open world, not all used entities may have been asserted." This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/122">ISSUE-122 </a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/105">ISSUE-105</a></div>
+ </section>
+ <section id="provenance-constraint-on-wasgeneratedby-generation-pe-ordering">
+ <h4>Provenance constraint on wasGeneratedBy (generation-pe-ordering)</h4>
+ <p>The second constraint on wasGeneratedBy associates an ordering of events associated with the generation of an Entity instance and the start, end time or event of theActivityinstance.</p>
+ <div class='note'> Without an explicit association of <a href="#time">TemporalEntity</a> with the <a href="#entity">Entity</a> instance and <a href="#activity">PE</a> instance, it is not possible to state or enforce this constraint in the PROV Ontology schema and the corresponding RDF dataset.
+ </div>
+ </section>
+ <section id="provenance-constraint-on-wasgeneratedby-generation-unicity">
+ <h4>Provenance constraint on wasGeneratedBy (generation-unicity)</h4>
+ <p>The PROV-DM describes a constraint on wasGeneratedBy that asserts that given an account, only oneActivityinstance can be associated to an Entity instance by the property wasGeneratedBy.</p>
+ <div class='issue'>"Given an entity expression denoted by e, two process execution expressions denoted by act1 and act2, and two qualifiers q1 and q2, if the expressions wasGeneratedBy(e,pe1,q1) and wasGeneratedBy(e,pe2,q2) exist in the scope of a given account, then act1=act2 and q1=q2." This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/105">ISSUE-105</a></div>
+ </section>
+ <section id ="provenance-constraint-on-used-use-attributes">
+ <h4>Provenance constraint on Used (use-attributes)</h4>
+ <p>A constraint is defined for the Used relation in PROV-DM, that makes it necessary for an attribute-value to be true for an Entity instance linked to a Activity instance by relation Used.
+ </p>
+ <div class='issue'>"Given a process execution expression identified by act, an entity expression identified by e, a qualifier q, and optional time t, if assertion used(pe,e,q) or used(pe,e,q,t) holds, then the existence of an attribute-value pair in the entity expression identified by e is a pre-condition for the termination of the activity represented by the process execution expression identified by act." This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/124">ISSUE-124</a></div>
+ </section>
+ <section id ="provenance-constraint-on-used-pe-ordering">
+ <h4>Provenance constraint on Used (use-pe-ordering)</h4>
+ <p>The PROV-DM describes a constraint for Used relation, which makes it necessary for an Entity instance e (linked to a Activity instance act by Used relation) to be "used" before act terminates and also the "generation" of e precedes "use" of e.
+ </p>
+ <div class='issue'>"Given a process execution expression identified by act, an entity expression identified by e, a qualifier q, and optional time t, if assertion used(pe,e,q) or used(pe,e,q,t) holds, then the use of the thing represented by entity expression identified by e precedes the end time contained in the process execution expression identified by act and follows its beginning. Furthermore, the generation of the thing denoted by entity expression identified by e always precedes its use." This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/124">ISSUE-124</a></div>
+ </section>
+ <section id ="provenance-constraint-on-derivation-attributes">
+ <h4>Provenance constraint on wasDerivedFrom (derivation-attributes)</h4>
+ <p>The PROV-DM describes a constraint for asserting wasDerivedFrom property between two Entity instances if some attributes of an Entity instance are partially or fully determined by attributes values of the other Entity instance.
+ </p>
+ <div class='issue'>"Given a process execution expression denoted by act, entity expressions denoted by e1 and e2, qualifiers q1 and q2, the assertion wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1,pe,q2,q1) or wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1) holds if and only if the values of some attributes of the entity expression identified by e2 are partly or fully determined by the values of some attributes of the entity expression identified by e1." This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/125">ISSUE-125</a></div>
+ </section>
+ <section id ="provenance-constraint-on-derivation-use-generation-ordering">
+ <h4>Provenance constraint on wasDerivedFrom (derivation-use-generation-ordering)</h4>
+ <p>The PROV-DM describes a constraint that if wasDerivedFrom property is asserted between two Entity instances e1 and e2, that is wasDerivedFrom (e2, e1), then the for time instant t1 associated with aActivityinstance that "used" is less than the time instant t2 associated with "generation" of e2.
+ </p>
+ <div class='note'> Without an explicit association of <a href="#time">TemporalEntity</a> with the <a href="#entity">Entity</a> instance and <a href="#activity">PE</a> instance, it is not possible to state or enforce this constraint in the PROV Ontology schema and the corresponding RDF dataset.
+ </div>
+ </section>
+ <section id ="provenance-constraint-on-derivation-events">
+ <h4>Provenance constraint on wasDerivedFrom (derivation-events)</h4>
+ <p>The PROV-DM describes a constraint that if wasDerivedFrom property is asserted between two Entity instances e1 and e2, that is wasDerivedFrom (e2, e1, act), then wasGeneratedBy(e2, act) and used(pe, e1) can also be asserted.
+ </p>
+ <div class='note'> Since the above constraint defined in PROV-DM does not define how act is linked to the derivation of e2 from e1, this constraint can be supported in the "opposite" direction in PROV-O. In other words, given e2 was generated at time instant t2 by act and act used e1 at time instant t1 and t1 is less than t2, then we can assert that wasDerivedFrom(e2, e1).
+ </div>
+ </section>
+ <section id ="provenance-constraint-on-derivation-process-execution">
+ <h4>Provenance constraint on wasDerivedFrom (derivation-events)</h4>
+ <p>The PROV-DM describes a constraint that if wasDerivedFrom property is asserted between two Entity instances e1 and e2, then there exists someActivityinstance such that wasGeneratedBy(e2, act) and used(pe, e1) can also be asserted.
+ </p>
+ <div class='note'> This constraint is a re-statement of the generic Semantic Web "open-world assumption". Hence, it is not mapped to PROV Ontology.
+ </div>
+ </section>
+ <section id ="provenance-constraint-on-derivation-use">
+ <h4>Provenance constraint on wasDerivedFrom (derivation-use)</h4>
+ <p>The PROV-DM describes a constraint that if wasDerivedFrom property is asserted between two Entity instances e1 and e2, and wasGeneratedBy(e2, act) is also asserted then Used(pe, e1) can also be asserted.
+ </p>
+ <div class='note'> This will be asserted as a rule.
+ </div>
+ </section>
+ <section id ="provenance-constraint-on-derivation-generation-generation-ordering">
+ <h4>Provenance constraint on wasEventuallyDerivedFrom (derivation-generation-generation-ordering)</h4>
+ <p>The PROV-DM describes a constraint that if wasEventuallyDerivedFrom property is asserted between two Entity instances e1 and e2, then generation of e1 occurred before generation of e2.
+ </p>
+ <div class='note'> Without an explicit association of <a href="#time">TemporalEntity</a> (or event) with the <a href="#entity">Entity</a> instance and <a href="#activity">PE</a> instance, it is not possible to state or enforce this constraint in the PROV Ontology schema and the corresponding RDF dataset.
+ </div>
+ </section>
+ <section id ="provenance-constraint-on-derivation-linked-independent">
+ <h4>Provenance constraint on wasEventuallyDerivedFrom (derivation-linked-independent)</h4>
+ <p>The PROV-DM describes a constraint that if wasDerivedFrom property is asserted between two Entity instances e1 and e2, then wasEventuallyDerivedFrom property can also be asserted between the two Entity instances.
+ </p>
+ <div class='note'> Is this an equivalence constraint or can we assert a subPropertyOf property between wasDerivedFrom and wasEventuallyFrom?
+ </div>
+ </section>
+ <section id ="provenance-constraint-on-complementof-necessary-cond">
+ <h4>Provenance constraint on wasComplementOf (wasComplementOf-necessary-cond)</h4>
+ <p>The PROV-DM describes a constraint that wasComplementOf property holds between two entities over a temporal intersection of the two entities.
+ </p>
+ <div class='note'> Without an explicit association of time value, this constraint cannot be stated or enforced in PROV Ontology.
+ </div>
+ </section>
+ <section id ="provenance-constraint-on-hasParticipant-participant">
+ <h4>Provenance constraint on wasAssociatedWith (participant)</h4>
+ <p>The PROV-DM describes a constraint that wasAssociatedWith property holds between an instance of Entity and instance of Activity if the two instances are linked by "used" of "wasControlledBy" or "wasComplementOf".
+ </p>
+ <div class='issue'> "Given two identifiers act and e, respectively identifying a process execution expression and an entity expression, the expression wasAssociatedWith(pe,e) holds if and only if:
+ *used(pe,e) holds, or
+ *wasControlledBy(pe,e) holds, or
+ *wasComplementOf(e1,e) holds for some entity expression identified by e1, and wasAssociatedWith(pe,e1) holds some process execution expression identified by act." This is <a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/track/issues/127">ISSUE-127</a>
+ </div>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+-->
+
+ <!-- TODO: revive this after release on 19 Apr 2012 section class='appendix'>
+ <h2>Names of inverse properties</h2>
+ <p>Defining them both may lead to split use, and both will need to be handled (doubling the effort). The opposite is true. Not defining them will make people that want them named to choose their own name. To balance these tradeoffs, we choose a preferred inverse and define it in PROV-O. The inverse is not defined, but if users wish to refer to it, they should use the following names.</p>
+ <table class="inverse-names">
+ <caption>Names of inverses</caption>
+ <tr>
+ <th>PROV-O Property</th>
+ <th>Recommended inverse name</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#used" href="#used" class="owlproperty">prov:used</a></td>
+ <td>prov:wasUsedBy</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><a title="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom" href="#wasDerivedFrom" class="owlproperty">prov:wasDerivedFrom</a></td>
+ <td>prov:hadDerivation</td>
+ </tr>
+<table>
+
+ </section-->
+
+ <div id="acknowledgements" class="appendix section">
+ <!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">A. </span>Acknowledgements</h2>
+ <p>Thanks to the members of the Provenance Working Group for their
+ feedback throughout the development of the PROV Ontology and this
+documentation page. We also thank the developers of the tools that
+helped create the PROV-O ontology and portions of this page. Without
+these great tools, developing PROV-O would have been much less of a
+pleasure.</p>
+ <ul>
+ <li>Stanford's <a href="http://protege.stanford.edu/">Protege</a> for editing the ontology.</li>
+ <li>Dave Beckett's <a href="http://librdf.org/raptor/">rapper</a> for the many serialization checks of so many examples.</li>
+ <li>Alvaro Graves' <a href="http://alangrafu.github.com/lodspeakr/">LODSpeaKr</a> for constructing portions of this page with SPARQL queries of PROV-O.</li>
+ <li>Cosmin Basca's <a href="http://packages.python.org/SuRF/">SuRF</a> and Ivan Herman's <a href="https://github.com/RDFLib">rdflib</a> for easing the construction of this page's cross reference section.</li>
+ <li>Silvio Peroni's <a href="http://lode.sourceforge.net/">LODE</a> for the CSS styling of this page's cross reference section.</li>
+ <li>Robin Berjon's <a href="http://dev.w3.org/2009/dap/ReSpec.js/documentation.html">respec</a> for handling the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> styling.</li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+<div class="appendix section" id="references"><!--OddPage--><h2><span class="secno">B. </span>References</h2><div class="section" id="normative-references"><h3><span class="secno">B.1 </span>Normative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-OWL2-RDF-BASED-SEMANTICS">[OWL2-RDF-BASED-SEMANTICS]</dt><dd>Michael Schneider. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-rdf-based-semantics-20091027/"><cite>OWL 2 Web Ontology Language:RDF-Based Semantics.</cite></a> 27 October 2009. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-rdf-based-semantics-20091027/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-rdf-based-semantics-20091027/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-RFC2119">[RFC2119]</dt><dd>S. Bradner. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><cite>Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.</cite></a> March 1997. Internet RFC 2119. URL: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-XMLSCHEMA-2">[XMLSCHEMA-2]</dt><dd>Paul V. Biron; Ashok Malhotra. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-2-20041028/"><cite>XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition.</cite></a> 28 October 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-2-20041028/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-2-20041028/</a>
+</dd></dl></div><div class="section" id="informative-references"><h3><span class="secno">B.2 </span>Informative references</h3><dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-PROV-DM">[PROV-DM]</dt><dd>Luc Moreau, Paolo Missier<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018/"><cite>The PROV Data Model and Abstract Syntax Notation</cite></a>. 18 October 2011. W3C Working Draft. (Work in progress.) URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018/</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-PAQ">[PROV-PAQ]</dt><dd>Graham Klyne and Paul Groth <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/tip/paq/prov-aq.html"><cite>Provenance Access and Query</cite></a>. 2011, Work in progress. URL: <a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/tip/paq/prov-aq.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/tip/paq/prov-aq.html</a>
+</dd><dt id="bib-PROV-PRIMER">[PROV-PRIMER]</dt><dd>Yolanda Gil and
+Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham
+ Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/"><cite>Prov Model Primer</cite></a>. 2011, Working Draft. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a>
+</dd></dl></div></div></body></html>
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+ border: 1px dotted black;
+ padding:0.5em;
+ margin: 1em;
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+
+@media print {
+ div.syntaxmenu { display:none; }
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+
+/* use tab-like headers for syntax examples */
+div.exampleheader {
+ font-size: 90%;
+ float: left;
+ background: #F9F9F9;
+ color: #2F6FAB;
+ border: 1px dashed #2F6FAB;
+ border-bottom: 0px;
+ padding-top: 2px;
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+
+div.exampleheader span.exampleheader {
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+ padding-top: 0px;
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+ padding-left: 10px;
+ padding-bottom: 3px;
+ padding-top: 0px;
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+
+/* Also copy MediaWiki style here, so it will not look different when exported */
+div.fssyntax pre, div.rdfxml pre, div.owlxml pre, div.turtle pre, div.manchester pre {
+ background-color: #F9F9F9;
+ border: 1px dashed #2F6FAB;
+ color: black;
+ line-height: 1.1em;
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+ clear: both;
+ margin-left: 0em;
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@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+
+/* Style for a Working Group Editors' Draft */
+
+/*
+ Copyright 1997-2003 W3C (MIT, ERCIM, Keio). All Rights Reserved.
+ The following software licensing rules apply:
+ http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-software */
+
+/* $Id: base.css,v 1.25 2006/04/18 08:42:53 bbos Exp $ */
+
+body {
+ padding: 2em 1em 2em 70px;
+ margin: 0;
+ font-family: sans-serif;
+ color: black;
+ background: white;
+ background-position: top left;
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+ background-repeat: no-repeat;
+}
+:link { color: #00C; background: transparent }
+:visited { color: #609; background: transparent }
+a:active { color: #C00; background: transparent }
+
+a:link img, a:visited img { border-style: none } /* no border on img links */
+
+a img { color: white; } /* trick to hide the border in Netscape 4 */
+@media all { /* hide the next rule from Netscape 4 */
+ a img { color: inherit; } /* undo the color change above */
+}
+
+th, td { /* ns 4 */
+ font-family: sans-serif;
+}
+
+h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { text-align: left }
+/* background should be transparent, but WebTV has a bug */
+h1, h2, h3 { color: #005A9C; background: white }
+h1 { font: 170% sans-serif }
+h2 { font: 140% sans-serif }
+h3 { font: 120% sans-serif }
+h4 { font: bold 100% sans-serif }
+h5 { font: italic 100% sans-serif }
+h6 { font: small-caps 100% sans-serif }
+
+.hide { display: none }
+
+div.head { margin-bottom: 1em }
+div.head h1 { margin-top: 2em; clear: both }
+div.head table { margin-left: 2em; margin-top: 2em }
+
+p.copyright { font-size: small }
+p.copyright small { font-size: small }
+
+@media screen { /* hide from IE3 */
+a[href]:hover { background: #ffa }
+}
+
+pre { margin-left: 2em }
+/*
+p {
+ margin-top: 0.6em;
+ margin-bottom: 0.6em;
+}
+*/
+dt, dd { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0 } /* opera 3.50 */
+dt { font-weight: bold }
+
+pre, code { font-family: monospace } /* navigator 4 requires this */
+
+ul.toc, ol.toc {
+ list-style: disc; /* Mac NS has problem with 'none' */
+ list-style: none;
+}
+
+@media aural {
+ h1, h2, h3 { stress: 20; richness: 90 }
+ .hide { speak: none }
+ p.copyright { volume: x-soft; speech-rate: x-fast }
+ dt { pause-before: 20% }
+ pre { speak-punctuation: code }
+}
+
+
+
+body {
+ background-image: url(http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/logo-ED);
+}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/ontology/spwd/2012-04-18-vote-for-public-release/prov-o_files/extra.css Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+body {
+ text-align: justify;
+}
+
+h1 {
+ line-height: 110%;
+}
+
+.hlist {
+ border: 1px solid navy;
+ padding:5px;
+ background-color: #F4FFFF;
+}
+
+.hlist li {
+ display: inline;
+ display: inline-table;
+ list-style-type: none;
+ padding-right: 20px;
+
+}
+
+.entity {
+ border: 1px solid navy;
+ margin:5px 0px 5px 0px;
+ padding: 5px;
+}
+
+.type-c {
+ cursor:help;
+ color:orange;
+}
+
+.type-op {
+ cursor:help;
+ color:navy;
+}
+
+.type-dp {
+ cursor:help;
+ color:green;
+}
+
+.type-ap {
+ cursor:help;
+ color:maroon;
+}
+
+.type-ni {
+ cursor:help;
+ color:brown;
+}
+
+.logic {
+ color:purple;
+ font-weight:bold;
+}
+
+h3 {
+ margin-top: 3px;
+ padding-bottom: 5px;
+ border-bottom: 1px solid navy;
+}
+
+h2 {
+ margin-top:40px;
+}
+
+.dotted {
+ border-bottom: 1px dotted gray;
+}
+
+dt {
+ margin-top:5px;
+}
+
+.description {
+ border-top: 1px dashed gray;
+ border-bottom: 1px dashed gray;
+ background-color: rgb(242, 243, 244);
+ margin-top:5px;
+ padding-bottom:5px;
+}
+
+.description dl {
+ background-color: rgb(242, 243, 244);
+}
+
+.description ul {
+ padding-left: 12px;
+ margin-top: 0px;
+}
+
+.backlink {
+ font-size:10pt;
+ text-align:right;
+ float:right;
+ color:black;
+ padding: 2px;
+ border: 1px dotted navy;
+ background-color: #F4FFFF;
+}
+
+.imageblock {
+ text-align: center;
+}
+
+.imageblock img {
+ border:1px solid gray;
+}
+
+.endnote {
+ margin-top: 40px;
+ border-top: 1px solid gray;
+ padding-top: 10px;
+ text-align: center;
+ color:gray;
+ font-size:50%;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/ontology/spwd/2012-04-18-vote-for-public-release/prov-o_files/owl.css Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+.RFC2119 {
+ text-transform: lowercase;
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+.nonterminal {
+ font-weight: bold;
+ font-family: sans-serif;
+ font-size: 95%;
+}
+#abstract br {
+ /* doesn't work right SOMETIMES
+ margin-bottom: 1em; */
+}
+.name {
+ font-family: monospace;
+}
+.buttonpanel {
+ margin-top: 1ex;
+ margin-bottom: 1ex;
+ padding-left: 1ex;
+ padding-right: 1ex;
+ padding-top: 1ex;
+ padding-bottom: 0.6ex;
+ border: 1px dotted black;
+}
+.grammar {
+ margin-top: 1ex;
+ margin-bottom: 1ex;
+ padding-left: 1ex;
+ padding-right: 1ex;
+ padding-top: 1ex;
+ padding-bottom: 0.6ex;
+ border: 1px dashed #2f6fab;
+ font-family: monospace;
+}
+.image {
+ text-align: center;
+}
+.centered {
+ text-align: center;
+ padding-top: 4ex;
+ padding-bottom: 4ex;
+}
+.centered table {
+ margin: 0 auto;
+ text-align: left;
+}
+.caption {
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+.indent {
+ margin-left: 20px;
+}
+.atrisknote {
+ padding: 5px;
+ margin-top: 10px;
+ margin-bottom: 10px;
+ border: solid 2px blue;
+ background-color: #FFA;
+}
+.atrisknotehead {
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+
+/* Stying the examples. */
+
+.anexample:before {
+ content: "Example:";
+ font-family: sans-serif;
+ font-size: 1.6ex;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+.anexample {
+ margin-top: 1ex;
+ margin-bottom: 1ex;
+ padding-left: 1ex;
+ padding-right: 1ex;
+ padding-top: 1ex;
+ padding-bottom: 0.6ex;
+ border: 1px dashed #2f6fab;
+ background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+.anexample table {
+ background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+
+/* Styling the parts in the functional-style syntax. */
+
+div.fss {
+ margin-top: 10px;
+ margin-bottom: 10px;
+ margin-left: 20px;
+ margin-right: 20px;
+ font-family: monospace;
+}
+table.fss {
+ margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;
+ padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+table.fss caption.fss {
+ font-size: 1.5ex;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ text-align: left;
+ padding-left: 10px;
+}
+table.fss td:first-child {
+ font-family: monospace;
+ padding-left: 20px;
+ padding-right: 20px;
+ width: 60%;
+}
+
+/* Styling the parts in the RDF syntax. */
+
+div.rdf{
+ margin-top: 10px;
+ margin-bottom: 10px;
+ margin-left: 20px;
+ margin-right: 20px;
+ font-family: monospace;
+}
+table.rdf {
+ margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;
+ padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+table.rdf caption.rdf {
+ font-size: 1.5ex;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ text-align: left;
+ padding-left: 10px;
+}
+table.rdf td:first-child {
+ font-family: monospace;
+ padding-left: 20px;
+ padding-right: 20px;
+ width: 60%;
+}
+
+/* Styling the XML syntax. */
+
+div.xmlsyn {
+ margin-top: 10px;
+ margin-bottom: 10px;
+ margin-left: 20px;
+ margin-right: 20px;
+ font-family: monospace;
+}
+div.axioms {
+ margin-top: 10px;
+ margin-bottom: 10px;
+ margin-left: 20px;
+ margin-right: 20px;
+}
+
+/* Other styles. */
+
+table.complexity td {
+ text-align: center;
+}
+table.allname td {
+ font-family: monospace;
+}
+table.canonicalparsing {
+ margin-left: 20px;
+ border-style: none;
+}
+table.canonicalparsing td {
+ vertical-align: top;
+ padding: 2px 2px 2px 2px;
+}
+table.canonicalparsing td.two {
+ padding-left: 30px;
+}
+
+/* The following are classes for templates used in the editing process. */
+
+.review {
+ padding: 5px;
+ border: solid 1px black;
+ margin-left: 10%;
+ margin-top: 10px;
+ margin-bottom: 10px;
+ background-color: #FFA;
+ font-size: smaller;
+}
+.reviewauthor {
+ font-size: smaller;
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+.ednote {
+ padding: 5px;
+ border: solid 1px black;
+ margin-top: 10px;
+ margin-bottom: 10px;
+}
+.ednotehead {
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+/* override mediawiki's beautiful DL styling... */
+dl {
+ background: white;
+ width: 100%;
+ border: none;
+ margin-top: 0;
+ margin-bottom: 0;
+ padding-top: 0;
+ padding-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+div {
+ margin-top: 0;
+ margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+#fulltitle {
+ font-size: 140%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.xml {
+ color: red
+}
+
+.rdbms{
+color: red
+}
+
+/* just copying from wiki, so it stays through TR. Currently
+ affects Primer, at least */
+pre {
+ background-color:#F9F9F9;
+ border:1px dashed #2F6FAB;
+ color:black;
+ line-height:1.1em;
+ padding:1em;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/ontology/spwd/2012-04-18-vote-for-public-release/prov-o_files/rec.css Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/* Style for a "Recommendation" */
+
+/*
+ Copyright 1997-2003 W3C (MIT, ERCIM, Keio). All Rights Reserved.
+ The following software licensing rules apply:
+ http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-software */
+
+/* $Id: base.css,v 1.25 2006/04/18 08:42:53 bbos Exp $ */
+
+body {
+ padding: 2em 1em 2em 70px;
+ margin: 0;
+ font-family: sans-serif;
+ color: black;
+ background: white;
+ background-position: top left;
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+ background-repeat: no-repeat;
+}
+:link { color: #00C; background: transparent }
+:visited { color: #609; background: transparent }
+a:active { color: #C00; background: transparent }
+
+a:link img, a:visited img { border-style: none } /* no border on img links */
+
+a img { color: white; } /* trick to hide the border in Netscape 4 */
+@media all { /* hide the next rule from Netscape 4 */
+ a img { color: inherit; } /* undo the color change above */
+}
+
+th, td { /* ns 4 */
+ font-family: sans-serif;
+}
+
+h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { text-align: left }
+/* background should be transparent, but WebTV has a bug */
+h1, h2, h3 { color: #005A9C; background: white }
+h1 { font: 170% sans-serif }
+h2 { font: 140% sans-serif }
+h3 { font: 120% sans-serif }
+h4 { font: bold 100% sans-serif }
+h5 { font: italic 100% sans-serif }
+h6 { font: small-caps 100% sans-serif }
+
+.hide { display: none }
+
+div.head { margin-bottom: 1em }
+div.head h1 { margin-top: 2em; clear: both }
+div.head table { margin-left: 2em; margin-top: 2em }
+
+p.copyright { font-size: small }
+p.copyright small { font-size: small }
+
+@media screen { /* hide from IE3 */
+a[href]:hover { background: #ffa }
+}
+
+pre { margin-left: 2em }
+/*
+p {
+ margin-top: 0.6em;
+ margin-bottom: 0.6em;
+}
+*/
+dt, dd { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0 } /* opera 3.50 */
+dt { font-weight: bold }
+
+pre, code { font-family: monospace } /* navigator 4 requires this */
+
+ul.toc, ol.toc {
+ list-style: disc; /* Mac NS has problem with 'none' */
+ list-style: none;
+}
+
+@media aural {
+ h1, h2, h3 { stress: 20; richness: 90 }
+ .hide { speak: none }
+ p.copyright { volume: x-soft; speech-rate: x-fast }
+ dt { pause-before: 20% }
+ pre { speak-punctuation: code }
+}
+
+body {
+ background-image: url(http://lode.sourceforge.net/img/LODELogo.png);
+}
Binary file ontology/spwd/2012-04-18-vote-for-public-release/prov-o_files/w3c_home.png has changed
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/.gitignore Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+.DS_Store
+.sass-cache/
+progress/
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/GPL-license.txt Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+ Version 2, June 1991
+
+ Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+ Preamble
+
+ The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
+freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
+License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
+software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
+General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
+Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
+using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
+the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
+your programs, too.
+
+ When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
+price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
+have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
+this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
+if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
+in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
+
+ To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
+anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
+These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
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+
+ For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
+gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
+you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
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+rights.
+
+ We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
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+distribute and/or modify the software.
+
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+that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
+software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
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+that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
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+
+ Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
+patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
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+
+ The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
+modification follow.
+
+ GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+ TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
+
+ 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
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+
+You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
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+later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
+either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
+Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
+this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
+Foundation.
+
+ 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
+programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
+to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
+Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
+make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
+of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
+of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
+
+ NO WARRANTY
+
+ 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
+FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
+OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
+PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
+OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
+TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
+PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
+REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+ 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
+WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
+REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
+INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
+OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
+YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
+PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/MIT-license.txt Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2011 Caleb Troughton
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/README.md Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#deck.js
+
+A JavaScript library for building modern HTML presentations. deck.js is flexible enough to let advanced CSS and JavaScript authors craft highly customized decks, but also provides templates and themes for the HTML novice to build a standard slideshow.
+
+## Dependencies
+
+- [jQuery](http://jquery.com)
+- [Modernizr](http://modernizr.com) (included in this repository)
+
+## Documentation
+
+Check out the [documentation page](http://imakewebthings.github.com/deck.js/docs) for more information on the methods, events, and options available in core and all the included extensions. A sample standard slide deck is included in the package under the `introduction` folder. You can also [view that sample deck](http://imakewebthings.github.com/deck.js/introduction) online to play with the available style and transition themes.
+
+## Tests & Support
+
+Unit tests are written with [Jasmine](http://pivotal.github.com/jasmine/) and [jasmine-jquery](https://github.com/velesin/jasmine-jquery). You can [run them here](http://imakewebthings.github.com/deck.js/test).
+
+deck.js has been tested with jQuery 1.6+ and works in IE7+, Chrome, FF, Safari, and Opera. The more capable browsers receive greater enhancements, but a basic cutaway slideshow will work for all browsers listed above. Please don't give your presentations in IE6.
+
+## Known Bug(s)
+
+There is an issue with certain builds of Chrome that result in a solid blue background and generally broken decks. This is a bug in Chrome ([Issue 91518](http://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=91518)) that stems from hardware acceleration of 3d transforms. Current workarounds:
+
+- Use a different browser. This problem doesn't exist in Safari, FF, Opera.
+- Disable hardware compositing by setting `--disable-accelerated-compositing` in the Chrome loading options
+- Replace instances of `translate3d` with `translate` in the CSS of your decks (though this will slow down performance on iOS devices and Safari.)
+
+## Printing
+
+Core includes stripped down black and white print styles for the standard slide template that is suitable for handouts.
+
+## Awesome People
+
+Big thanks to the folks who have contributed code to the project:
+
+- [jbuck](https://github.com/jbuck) - Touch controls.
+
+## License
+
+Copyright (c) 2011 Caleb Troughton
+
+Dual licensed under the [MIT license](https://github.com/imakewebthings/deck.js/blob/master/MIT-license.txt) and [GPL license](https://github.com/imakewebthings/deck.js/blob/master/GPL-license.txt).
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/core/deck.core.css Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
+html {
+ height: 100%;
+}
+
+.deck-container {
+ position: relative;
+ height: 100%;
+ width: 70%;
+ margin: 0 auto;
+ padding: 0 48px;
+ font-size: 16px;
+ line-height: 1.25;
+ overflow: hidden;
+ /* Resets and base styles from HTML5 Boilerplate */
+ /* End HTML5 Boilerplate adaptations */
+}
+.js .deck-container {
+ visibility: hidden;
+}
+.ready .deck-container {
+ visibility: visible;
+}
+.touch .deck-container {
+ -webkit-text-size-adjust: none;
+}
+.deck-container div, .deck-container span, .deck-container object, .deck-container iframe,
+.deck-container h1, .deck-container h2, .deck-container h3, .deck-container h4, .deck-container h5, .deck-container h6, .deck-container p, .deck-container blockquote, .deck-container pre,
+.deck-container abbr, .deck-container address, .deck-container cite, .deck-container code, .deck-container del, .deck-container dfn, .deck-container em, .deck-container img, .deck-container ins, .deck-container kbd, .deck-container q, .deck-container samp,
+.deck-container small, .deck-container strong, .deck-container sub, .deck-container sup, .deck-container var, .deck-container b, .deck-container i, .deck-container dl, .deck-container dt, .deck-container dd, .deck-container ol, .deck-container ul, .deck-container li,
+.deck-container fieldset, .deck-container form, .deck-container label, .deck-container legend,
+.deck-container table, .deck-container caption, .deck-container tbody, .deck-container tfoot, .deck-container thead, .deck-container tr, .deck-container th, .deck-container td,
+.deck-container article, .deck-container aside, .deck-container canvas, .deck-container details, .deck-container figcaption, .deck-container figure,
+.deck-container footer, .deck-container header, .deck-container hgroup, .deck-container menu, .deck-container nav, .deck-container section, .deck-container summary,
+.deck-container time, .deck-container mark, .deck-container audio, .deck-container video {
+ margin: 0;
+ padding: 0;
+ border: 0;
+ font-size: 100%;
+ font: inherit;
+ vertical-align: baseline;
+}
+.deck-container article, .deck-container aside, .deck-container details, .deck-container figcaption, .deck-container figure,
+.deck-container footer, .deck-container header, .deck-container hgroup, .deck-container menu, .deck-container nav, .deck-container section {
+ display: block;
+}
+.deck-container blockquote, .deck-container q {
+ quotes: none;
+}
+.deck-container blockquote:before, .deck-container blockquote:after, .deck-container q:before, .deck-container q:after {
+ content: "";
+ content: none;
+}
+.deck-container ins {
+ background-color: #ff9;
+ color: #000;
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+.deck-container mark {
+ background-color: #ff9;
+ color: #000;
+ font-style: italic;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+.deck-container del {
+ text-decoration: line-through;
+}
+.deck-container abbr[title], .deck-container dfn[title] {
+ border-bottom: 1px dotted;
+ cursor: help;
+}
+.deck-container table {
+ border-collapse: collapse;
+ border-spacing: 0;
+}
+.deck-container hr {
+ display: block;
+ height: 1px;
+ border: 0;
+ border-top: 1px solid #ccc;
+ margin: 1em 0;
+ padding: 0;
+}
+.deck-container input, .deck-container select {
+ vertical-align: middle;
+}
+.deck-container select, .deck-container input, .deck-container textarea, .deck-container button {
+ font: 99% sans-serif;
+}
+.deck-container pre, .deck-container code, .deck-container kbd, .deck-container samp {
+ font-family: monospace, sans-serif;
+}
+.deck-container a {
+ -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);
+}
+.deck-container a:hover, .deck-container a:active {
+ outline: none;
+}
+.deck-container ul, .deck-container ol {
+ margin-left: 2em;
+ vertical-align: top;
+}
+.deck-container ol {
+ list-style-type: decimal;
+}
+.deck-container nav ul, .deck-container nav li {
+ margin: 0;
+ list-style: none;
+ list-style-image: none;
+}
+.deck-container small {
+ font-size: 85%;
+}
+.deck-container strong, .deck-container th {
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+.deck-container td {
+ vertical-align: top;
+}
+.deck-container sub, .deck-container sup {
+ font-size: 75%;
+ line-height: 0;
+ position: relative;
+}
+.deck-container sup {
+ top: -0.5em;
+}
+.deck-container sub {
+ bottom: -0.25em;
+}
+.deck-container textarea {
+ overflow: auto;
+}
+.ie6 .deck-container legend, .ie7 .deck-container legend {
+ margin-left: -7px;
+}
+.deck-container input[type="radio"] {
+ vertical-align: text-bottom;
+}
+.deck-container input[type="checkbox"] {
+ vertical-align: bottom;
+}
+.deck-container .ie7 input[type="checkbox"] {
+ vertical-align: baseline;
+}
+.deck-container .ie6 input {
+ vertical-align: text-bottom;
+}
+.deck-container label, .deck-container input[type="button"], .deck-container input[type="submit"], .deck-container input[type="image"], .deck-container button {
+ cursor: pointer;
+}
+.deck-container button, .deck-container input, .deck-container select, .deck-container textarea {
+ margin: 0;
+}
+.deck-container input:invalid, .deck-container textarea:invalid {
+ border-radius: 1px;
+ -moz-box-shadow: 0px 0px 5px red;
+ -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 0px 5px red;
+ box-shadow: 0px 0px 5px red;
+}
+.deck-container input:invalid .no-boxshadow, .deck-container textarea:invalid .no-boxshadow {
+ background-color: #f0dddd;
+}
+.deck-container button {
+ width: auto;
+ overflow: visible;
+}
+.ie7 .deck-container img {
+ -ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;
+}
+.deck-container, .deck-container select, .deck-container input, .deck-container textarea {
+ color: #444;
+}
+.deck-container a {
+ color: #607890;
+}
+.deck-container a:hover, .deck-container a:focus {
+ color: #036;
+}
+.deck-container a:link {
+ -webkit-tap-highlight-color: #fff;
+}
+.deck-container h1 {
+ font-size: 4.5em;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ text-align: center;
+ padding-top: 1em;
+}
+.csstransforms .deck-container h1 {
+ padding: 0 48px;
+ position: absolute;
+ left: 0;
+ right: 0;
+ top: 50%;
+ -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, -50%, 0);
+ -moz-transform: translate(0, -50%);
+ -ms-transform: translate(0, -50%);
+ -o-transform: translate(0, -50%);
+ transform: translate3d(0, -50%, 0);
+}
+.deck-container h2 {
+ font-size: 2.00em; /* projector scaling: 2.25em; */
+ font-weight: bold;
+ padding-top: .5em;
+ margin: 0 0 .66666em 0;
+ border-bottom: 3px solid #888;
+}
+.deck-container h3 {
+ font-size: 1.4375em;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ margin-bottom: .30435em;
+}
+.deck-container h4 {
+ font-size: 1.25em;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ margin-bottom: .25em;
+}
+.deck-container h5 {
+ font-size: 1.125em;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ margin-bottom: .2222em;
+}
+.deck-container h6 {
+ font-size: 1em;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+.deck-container img, .deck-container iframe, .deck-container video {
+ display: block;
+ max-width: 100%;
+}
+.deck-container video, .deck-container iframe, .deck-container img {
+ display: block;
+ margin: 0 auto;
+}
+.deck-container p, .deck-container blockquote, .deck-container iframe, .deck-container img, .deck-container ul, .deck-container ol, .deck-container pre, .deck-container video {
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+}
+.deck-container pre {
+ white-space: pre;
+ white-space: pre-wrap;
+ word-wrap: break-word;
+ padding: 1em;
+ border: 1px solid #888;
+}
+.deck-container em {
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+.deck-container li {
+ padding: .25em 0;
+ vertical-align: middle;
+}
+.deck-container.deck-loading {
+ display: none;
+}
+
+.slide {
+ width: auto;
+ min-height: 100%;
+ position: relative;
+}
+
+.deck-before, .deck-previous, .deck-next, .deck-after {
+ position: absolute;
+ left: -999em;
+ top: -999em;
+}
+
+.deck-current {
+ z-index: 2;
+}
+
+.slide .slide {
+ visibility: hidden;
+ position: static;
+ min-height: 0;
+}
+
+.deck-child-current {
+ position: static;
+ z-index: 2;
+}
+.deck-child-current .slide {
+ visibility: hidden;
+}
+.deck-child-current .deck-previous, .deck-child-current .deck-before, .deck-child-current .deck-current {
+ visibility: visible;
+}
+
+body.deck-container {
+ overflow: visible;
+}
+
+@media all and (orientation:portrait) {}
+@media all and (orientation:landscape) {}
+@media screen and (max-device-width: 480px) {
+ /* html { -webkit-text-size-adjust:none; -ms-text-size-adjust:none; } */
+}
+
+@media print {
+ * {
+ background: transparent !important;
+ color: black !important;
+ text-shadow: none !important;
+ filter: none !important;
+ -ms-filter: none !important;
+ -webkit-box-reflect: none !important;
+ -moz-box-reflect: none !important;
+ -webkit-box-shadow: none !important;
+ -moz-box-shadow: none !important;
+ box-shadow: none !important;
+ }
+ * :before, * :after {
+ display: none !important;
+ }
+
+ a, a:visited {
+ color: #444 !important;
+ text-decoration: underline;
+ }
+
+ a[href]:after {
+ content: " (" attr(href) ")";
+ }
+
+ abbr[title]:after {
+ content: " (" attr(title) ")";
+ }
+
+ .ir a:after, a[href^="javascript:"]:after, a[href^="#"]:after {
+ content: "";
+ }
+
+ pre, blockquote {
+ border: 1px solid #999;
+ page-break-inside: avoid;
+ }
+
+ thead {
+ display: table-header-group;
+ }
+
+ tr, img {
+ page-break-inside: avoid;
+ }
+
+ @page {
+ margin: 0.5cm;
+}
+
+ p, h2, h3 {
+ orphans: 3;
+ widows: 3;
+ }
+
+ h2, h3 {
+ page-break-after: avoid;
+ }
+
+ .slide {
+ position: static !important;
+ visibility: visible !important;
+ display: block !important;
+ -webkit-transform: none !important;
+ -moz-transform: none !important;
+ -o-transform: none !important;
+ -ms-transform: none !important;
+ transform: none !important;
+ }
+
+ h1 {
+ -webkit-transform: none !important;
+ -moz-transform: none !important;
+ -o-transform: none !important;
+ -ms-transform: none !important;
+ transform: none !important;
+ padding: 0 !important;
+ position: static !important;
+ }
+
+ .deck-container > .slide {
+ page-break-after: always;
+ }
+
+ .deck-container {
+ width: 100% !important;
+ height: auto !important;
+ padding: 0 !important;
+ display: block !important;
+ }
+
+ script {
+ display: none;
+ }
+}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/core/deck.core.html Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <title>Deck Skeleton</title>
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=1024, user-scalable=no">
+
+ <!-- Replace path with correct path to deck.core.css. -->
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="/PATH/TO/CSS/deck.core.css" type="text/css">
+
+ <!-- Any other extension CSS files go here. -->
+
+ <!-- Replace path with correct path to Modernizr file. -->
+ <script src="/PATH/TO/JS/modernizr.custom.js"></script>
+</head>
+<body class="deck-container">
+
+<!-- Create any number of elements with class slide within the container -->
+<div class="slide">
+ <!-- Slide content HTML goes here! -->
+</div>
+
+<!-- Other extension HTML snippets go here, at the bottom of the deck container. -->
+
+<!-- Update these paths to point to the correct files. -->
+<script src="/PATH/TO/JS/jquery.min.js"></script>
+<script src="/PATH/TO/JS/deck.core.js"></script>
+
+<!-- Add any other extension JS files here -->
+
+
+<!-- Initialize the deck. You can put this in an external file if desired. -->
+<script>
+ $(function() {
+ $.deck('.slide');
+ });
+</script>
+</body>
+</html>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/core/deck.core.js Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,451 @@
+/*!
+Deck JS - deck.core - v1.0
+Copyright (c) 2011 Caleb Troughton
+Dual licensed under the MIT license and GPL license.
+https://github.com/imakewebthings/deck.js/blob/master/MIT-license.txt
+https://github.com/imakewebthings/deck.js/blob/master/GPL-license.txt
+*/
+
+/*
+The deck.core module provides all the basic functionality for creating and
+moving through a deck. It does so by applying classes to indicate the state of
+the deck and its slides, allowing CSS to take care of the visual representation
+of each state. It also provides methods for navigating the deck and inspecting
+its state, as well as basic key bindings for going to the next and previous
+slides. More functionality is provided by wholly separate extension modules
+that use the API provided by core.
+*/
+(function($, deck, document, undefined) {
+ var slides, // Array of all the uh, slides...
+ current, // Array index of the current slide
+
+ events = {
+ /*
+ This event fires whenever the current slide changes, whether by way of
+ next, prev, or go. The callback function is passed two parameters, from
+ and to, equal to the indices of the old slide and the new slide
+ respectively.
+
+ $(document).bind('deck.change', function(event, from, to) {
+ alert('Moving from slide ' + from + ' to ' + to);
+ });
+ */
+ change: 'deck.change',
+
+ /*
+ This event fires at the end of deck initialization. Extensions should
+ implement any code that relies on user extensible options (key bindings,
+ element selectors, classes) within a handler for this event. Native
+ events associated with Deck JS should be scoped under a .deck event
+ namespace, as with the example below:
+
+ var $d = $(document);
+ $.deck.defaults.keys.myExtensionKeycode = 70; // 'h'
+ $d.bind('deck.init', function() {
+ $d.bind('keydown.deck', function(event) {
+ if (event.which === $.deck.getOptions().keys.myExtensionKeycode) {
+ // Rock out
+ }
+ });
+ });
+ */
+ initialize: 'deck.init'
+ },
+
+ options = {},
+ $d = $(document),
+
+ /*
+ Internal function. Updates slide and container classes based on which
+ slide is the current slide.
+ */
+ updateStates = function() {
+ var oc = options.classes,
+ osc = options.selectors.container,
+ $container = $(osc),
+ old = $container.data('onSlide'),
+ $all = $();
+
+ // Container state
+ $container.removeClass(oc.onPrefix + old)
+ .addClass(oc.onPrefix + current)
+ .data('onSlide', current);
+
+ // Remove and re-add child-current classes for nesting
+ $('.' + oc.current).parentsUntil(osc).removeClass(oc.childCurrent);
+ slides[current].parentsUntil(osc).addClass(oc.childCurrent);
+
+ // Remove previous states
+ $.each(slides, function(i, el) {
+ $all = $all.add(el);
+ });
+ $all.removeClass([
+ oc.before,
+ oc.previous,
+ oc.current,
+ oc.next,
+ oc.after
+ ].join(" "));
+
+ // Add new states back in
+ slides[current].addClass(oc.current);
+ if (current > 0) {
+ slides[current-1].addClass(oc.previous);
+ }
+ if (current + 1 < slides.length) {
+ slides[current+1].addClass(oc.next);
+ }
+ if (current > 1) {
+ $.each(slides.slice(0, current - 1), function(i, el) {
+ el.addClass(oc.before);
+ });
+ }
+ if (current + 2 < slides.length) {
+ $.each(slides.slice(current+2), function(i, el) {
+ el.addClass(oc.after);
+ });
+ }
+ },
+
+ /* Methods exposed in the jQuery.deck namespace */
+ methods = {
+
+ /*
+ jQuery.deck(selector, options)
+
+ selector: string | jQuery | array
+ options: object, optional
+
+ Initializes the deck, using each element matched by selector as a slide.
+ May also be passed an array of string selectors or jQuery objects, in
+ which case each selector in the array is considered a slide. The second
+ parameter is an optional options object which will extend the default
+ values.
+
+ $.deck('.slide');
+
+ or
+
+ $.deck([
+ '#first-slide',
+ '#second-slide',
+ '#etc'
+ ]);
+ */
+ init: function(elements, opts) {
+ var startTouch,
+ $c,
+ tolerance;
+
+ options = $.extend(true, {}, $[deck].defaults, opts);
+ slides = [];
+ current = 0;
+ $c = $[deck]('getContainer');
+ tolerance = options.touch.swipeTolerance;
+
+ // Hide the deck while states are being applied to kill transitions
+ $c.addClass(options.classes.loading);
+
+ // Fill slides array depending on parameter type
+ if ($.isArray(elements)) {
+ $.each(elements, function(i, e) {
+ slides.push($(e));
+ });
+ }
+ else {
+ $(elements).each(function(i, e) {
+ slides.push($(e));
+ });
+ }
+
+ /* Remove any previous bindings, and rebind key events */
+ $d.unbind('keydown.deck').bind('keydown.deck', function(e) {
+ if (e.which === options.keys.next || $.inArray(e.which, options.keys.next) > -1) {
+ methods.next();
+ e.preventDefault();
+ }
+ else if (e.which === options.keys.previous || $.inArray(e.which, options.keys.previous) > -1) {
+ methods.prev();
+ e.preventDefault();
+ }
+ });
+
+ /* Bind touch events for swiping between slides on touch devices */
+ $c.unbind('touchstart.deck').bind('touchstart.deck', function(e) {
+ if (!startTouch) {
+ startTouch = $.extend({}, e.originalEvent.targetTouches[0]);
+ }
+ })
+ .unbind('touchmove.deck').bind('touchmove.deck', function(e) {
+ $.each(e.originalEvent.changedTouches, function(i, t) {
+ if (startTouch && t.identifier === startTouch.identifier) {
+ if (t.screenX - startTouch.screenX > tolerance || t.screenY - startTouch.screenY > tolerance) {
+ $[deck]('prev');
+ startTouch = undefined;
+ }
+ else if (t.screenX - startTouch.screenX < -1 * tolerance || t.screenY - startTouch.screenY < -1 * tolerance) {
+ $[deck]('next');
+ startTouch = undefined;
+ }
+ return false;
+ }
+ });
+ e.preventDefault();
+ })
+ .unbind('touchend.deck').bind('touchend.deck', function(t) {
+ $.each(t.originalEvent.changedTouches, function(i, t) {
+ if (startTouch && t.identifier === startTouch.identifier) {
+ startTouch = undefined;
+ }
+ });
+ })
+ .scrollLeft(0).scrollTop(0);
+
+ /*
+ Kick iframe videos, which dont like to redraw w/ transforms.
+ Remove this if Webkit ever fixes it.
+ */
+ $.each(slides, function(i, $el) {
+ $el.unbind('webkitTransitionEnd.deck').bind('webkitTransitionEnd.deck',
+ function(event) {
+ if ($el.hasClass($[deck]('getOptions').classes.current)) {
+ var embeds = $(this).find('iframe').css('opacity', 0);
+ window.setTimeout(function() {
+ embeds.css('opacity', 1);
+ }, 100);
+ }
+ });
+ });
+
+ updateStates();
+
+ // Show deck again now that slides are in place
+ $c.removeClass(options.classes.loading);
+ $d.trigger(events.initialize);
+ },
+
+ /*
+ jQuery.deck('go', index)
+
+ index: integer
+
+ Moves to the slide at the specified index. Index is 0-based, so
+ $.deck('go', 0); will move to the first slide. If index is out of bounds
+ or not a number the call is ignored.
+ */
+ go: function(index) {
+ if (typeof index != 'number' || index < 0 || index >= slides.length) return;
+
+ $d.trigger(events.change, [current, index]);
+ current = index;
+ updateStates();
+ },
+
+ /*
+ jQuery.deck('next')
+
+ Moves to the next slide. If the last slide is already active, the call
+ is ignored.
+ */
+ next: function() {
+ methods.go(current+1);
+ },
+
+ /*
+ jQuery.deck('prev')
+
+ Moves to the previous slide. If the first slide is already active, the
+ call is ignored.
+ */
+ prev: function() {
+ methods.go(current-1);
+ },
+
+ /*
+ jQuery.deck('getSlide', index)
+
+ index: integer, optional
+
+ Returns a jQuery object containing the slide at index. If index is not
+ specified, the current slide is returned.
+ */
+ getSlide: function(index) {
+ var i = typeof index !== 'undefined' ? index : current;
+ if (typeof i != 'number' || i < 0 || i >= slides.length) return null;
+ return slides[i];
+ },
+
+ /*
+ jQuery.deck('getSlides')
+
+ Returns all slides as an array of jQuery objects.
+ */
+ getSlides: function() {
+ return slides;
+ },
+
+ /*
+ jQuery.deck('getContainer')
+
+ Returns a jQuery object containing the deck container as defined by the
+ container option.
+ */
+ getContainer: function() {
+ return $(options.selectors.container);
+ },
+
+ /*
+ jQuery.deck('getOptions')
+
+ Returns the options object for the deck, including any overrides that
+ were defined at initialization.
+ */
+ getOptions: function() {
+ return options;
+ },
+
+ /*
+ jQuery.deck('extend', name, method)
+
+ name: string
+ method: function
+
+ Adds method to the deck namespace with the key of name. This doesn’t
+ give access to any private member data — public methods must still be
+ used within method — but lets extension authors piggyback on the deck
+ namespace rather than pollute jQuery.
+
+ $.deck('extend', 'alert', function(msg) {
+ alert(msg);
+ });
+
+ // Alerts 'boom'
+ $.deck('alert', 'boom');
+ */
+ extend: function(name, method) {
+ methods[name] = method;
+ }
+ };
+
+ /* jQuery extension */
+ $[deck] = function(method, arg) {
+ if (methods[method]) {
+ return methods[method].apply(this, Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1));
+ }
+ else {
+ return methods.init(method, arg);
+ }
+ };
+
+ /*
+ The default settings object for a deck. All deck extensions should extend
+ this object to add defaults for any of their options.
+
+ options.classes.after
+ This class is added to all slides that appear after the 'next' slide.
+
+ options.classes.before
+ This class is added to all slides that appear before the 'previous'
+ slide.
+
+ options.classes.childCurrent
+ This class is added to all elements in the DOM tree between the
+ 'current' slide and the deck container. For standard slides, this is
+ mostly seen and used for nested slides.
+
+ options.classes.current
+ This class is added to the current slide.
+
+ options.classes.loading
+ This class is applied to the deck container during loading phases and is
+ primarily used as a way to short circuit transitions between states
+ where such transitions are distracting or unwanted. For example, this
+ class is applied during deck initialization and then removed to prevent
+ all the slides from appearing stacked and transitioning into place
+ on load.
+
+ options.classes.next
+ This class is added to the slide immediately following the 'current'
+ slide.
+
+ options.classes.onPrefix
+ This prefix, concatenated with the current slide index, is added to the
+ deck container as you change slides.
+
+ options.classes.previous
+ This class is added to the slide immediately preceding the 'current'
+ slide.
+
+ options.selectors.container
+ Elements matched by this CSS selector will be considered the deck
+ container. The deck container is used to scope certain states of the
+ deck, as with the onPrefix option, or with extensions such as deck.goto
+ and deck.menu.
+
+ options.keys.next
+ The numeric keycode used to go to the next slide.
+
+ options.keys.previous
+ The numeric keycode used to go to the previous slide.
+
+ options.touch.swipeTolerance
+ The number of pixels the users finger must travel to produce a swipe
+ gesture.
+ */
+ $[deck].defaults = {
+ classes: {
+ after: 'deck-after',
+ before: 'deck-before',
+ childCurrent: 'deck-child-current',
+ current: 'deck-current',
+ loading: 'deck-loading',
+ next: 'deck-next',
+ onPrefix: 'on-slide-',
+ previous: 'deck-previous'
+ },
+
+ selectors: {
+ container: '.deck-container'
+ },
+
+ keys: {
+ // enter, space, page down, right arrow, down arrow,
+ next: [13, 32, 34, 39, 40],
+ // backspace, page up, left arrow, up arrow
+ previous: [8, 33, 37, 38]
+ },
+
+ touch: {
+ swipeTolerance: 60
+ }
+ };
+
+ $d.ready(function() {
+ $('html').addClass('ready');
+ });
+
+ /*
+ FF + Transforms + Flash video don't get along...
+ Firefox will reload and start playing certain videos after a
+ transform. Blanking the src when a previously shown slide goes out
+ of view prevents this.
+ */
+ $d.bind('deck.change', function(e, from, to) {
+ var oldFrames = $[deck]('getSlide', from).find('iframe'),
+ newFrames = $[deck]('getSlide', to).find('iframe');
+
+ oldFrames.each(function() {
+ var $this = $(this);
+ $this.data('deck-src', $this.attr('src')).attr('src', '');
+ });
+
+ newFrames.each(function() {
+ var $this = $(this),
+ originalSrc = $this.data('deck-src');
+
+ if (originalSrc) {
+ $this.attr('src', originalSrc);
+ }
+ });
+ });
+})(jQuery, 'deck', document);
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/core/deck.core.scss Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,431 @@
+html {
+ height:100%;
+}
+
+.deck-container {
+ position:relative;
+ height:100%;
+ width:70%;
+ margin:0 auto;
+ padding:0 48px;
+ font-size:16px;
+ line-height:1.25;
+ overflow:hidden;
+
+ .js & {
+ visibility:hidden;
+ }
+
+ .ready & {
+ visibility:visible;
+ }
+
+ .touch & {
+ -webkit-text-size-adjust:none;
+ }
+
+ /* Resets and base styles from HTML5 Boilerplate */
+ div, span, object, iframe,
+ h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre,
+ abbr, address, cite, code, del, dfn, em, img, ins, kbd, q, samp,
+ small, strong, sub, sup, var, b, i, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li,
+ fieldset, form, label, legend,
+ table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td,
+ article, aside, canvas, details, figcaption, figure,
+ footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, section, summary,
+ time, mark, audio, video {
+ margin: 0;
+ padding: 0;
+ border: 0;
+ font-size: 100%;
+ font: inherit;
+ vertical-align: baseline;
+ }
+
+ article, aside, details, figcaption, figure,
+ footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, section {
+ display: block;
+ }
+
+ blockquote, q {
+ quotes:none;
+
+ &:before, &:after {
+ content:"";
+ content:none;
+ }
+ }
+
+ ins {
+ background-color:#ff9;
+ color:#000;
+ text-decoration:none;
+ }
+
+ mark {
+ background-color:#ff9;
+ color:#000;
+ font-style:italic;
+ font-weight:bold;
+ }
+
+ del {
+ text-decoration:line-through;
+ }
+
+ abbr[title], dfn[title] {
+ border-bottom:1px dotted;
+ cursor:help;
+ }
+
+ table {
+ border-collapse:collapse;
+ border-spacing:0;
+ }
+
+ hr {
+ display:block;
+ height:1px;
+ border:0;
+ border-top:1px solid #ccc;
+ margin:1em 0;
+ padding:0;
+ }
+
+ input, select {
+ vertical-align:middle;
+ }
+
+ select, input, textarea, button {
+ font:99% sans-serif;
+ }
+
+ pre, code, kbd, samp {
+ font-family:monospace, sans-serif;
+ }
+
+ a {
+ -webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);
+
+ &:hover, &:active {
+ outline:none;
+ }
+ }
+
+ ul, ol {
+ margin-left:2em;
+ vertical-align:top;
+ }
+
+ ol {
+ list-style-type:decimal;
+ }
+
+ nav {
+ ul, li {
+ margin:0;
+ list-style:none;
+ list-style-image:none;
+ }
+ }
+
+ small {
+ font-size:85%;
+ }
+
+ strong, th {
+ font-weight:bold;
+ }
+
+ td {
+ vertical-align:top;
+ }
+
+ sub, sup {
+ font-size:75%;
+ line-height:0;
+ position:relative;
+ }
+
+ sup {
+ top:-0.5em;
+ }
+
+ sub { bottom: -0.25em; }
+
+ textarea {
+ overflow:auto;
+ }
+
+ legend {
+ .ie6 &, .ie7 & {
+ margin-left:-7px;
+ }
+ }
+
+ input[type="radio"] {
+ vertical-align:text-bottom;
+ }
+
+ input[type="checkbox"] {
+ vertical-align:bottom;
+ }
+
+ .ie7 input[type="checkbox"] {
+ vertical-align:baseline;
+ }
+
+ .ie6 input {
+ vertical-align:text-bottom;
+ }
+
+ label, input[type="button"], input[type="submit"], input[type="image"], button {
+ cursor:pointer;
+ }
+
+ button, input, select, textarea {
+ margin: 0;
+ }
+
+ input, textarea {
+ &:invalid {
+ border-radius:1px;
+ -moz-box-shadow:0px 0px 5px red;
+ -webkit-box-shadow:0px 0px 5px red;
+ box-shadow: 0px 0px 5px red;
+
+ .no-boxshadow {
+ background-color: #f0dddd;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ button {
+ width:auto;
+ overflow:visible;
+ }
+
+ .ie7 & img {
+ -ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic; }
+
+ &, select, input, textarea {
+ color:#444;
+ }
+
+ a {
+ color:#607890;
+
+ &:hover, &:focus {
+ color:#036;
+ }
+
+ &:link {
+ -webkit-tap-highlight-color: #fff;
+ }
+ }
+ /* End HTML5 Boilerplate adaptations */
+
+ h1 {
+ font-size:4.5em;
+ font-weight:bold;
+ text-align:center;
+ padding-top:1em;
+
+ .csstransforms & {
+ padding:0 48px;
+ position:absolute;
+ left:0;
+ right:0;
+ top:50%;
+ -webkit-transform:translate3d(0, -50%, 0);
+ -moz-transform:translate(0, -50%);
+ -ms-transform:translate(0, -50%);
+ -o-transform:translate(0, -50%);
+ transform:translate3d(0, -50%, 0);
+ }
+ }
+
+ h2 {
+ font-size:2.25em;
+ font-weight:bold;
+ padding-top:.5em;
+ margin:0 0 .66666em 0;
+ border-bottom:3px solid #888;
+ }
+
+ h3 {
+ font-size:1.4375em;
+ font-weight:bold;
+ margin-bottom:.30435em;
+ }
+
+ h4 {
+ font-size:1.25em;
+ font-weight:bold;
+ margin-bottom:.25em;
+ }
+
+ h5 {
+ font-size:1.125em;
+ font-weight:bold;
+ margin-bottom:.2222em;
+ }
+
+ h6 {
+ font-size:1em;
+ font-weight:bold;
+ }
+
+ img, iframe, video {
+ display:block;
+ max-width:100%;
+ }
+
+ video, iframe, img {
+ display:block;
+ margin:0 auto;
+ }
+
+ p, blockquote, iframe, img, ul, ol, pre, video {
+ margin-bottom:1em;
+ }
+
+ pre {
+ white-space:pre;
+ white-space:pre-wrap;
+ word-wrap:break-word;
+ padding: 1em;
+ border:1px solid #888;
+ }
+
+ em {
+ font-style:italic;
+ }
+
+ li {
+ padding:.25em 0;
+ vertical-align:middle;
+ }
+
+ &.deck-loading {
+ display:none;
+ }
+}
+
+.slide {
+ width:auto;
+ min-height:100%;
+ position:relative;
+}
+
+.deck-before, .deck-previous, .deck-next, .deck-after {
+ position:absolute;
+ left:-999em;
+ top:-999em;
+}
+
+.deck-current {
+ z-index:2;
+}
+
+.slide .slide {
+ visibility:hidden;
+ position:static;
+ min-height:0;
+}
+
+.deck-child-current {
+ position:static;
+ z-index:2;
+
+ .slide {
+ visibility:hidden;
+ }
+
+ .deck-previous, .deck-before, .deck-current {
+ visibility:visible;
+ }
+}
+
+body.deck-container {
+ overflow:visible;
+}
+
+@media all and (orientation:portrait) {
+
+}
+
+@media all and (orientation:landscape) {
+
+}
+
+@media screen and (max-device-width: 480px) {
+
+ /* html { -webkit-text-size-adjust:none; -ms-text-size-adjust:none; } */
+}
+
+
+@media print {
+ * {
+ background: transparent !important;
+ color: black !important;
+ text-shadow: none !important;
+ filter:none !important;
+ -ms-filter: none !important;
+ -webkit-box-reflect:none !important;
+ -moz-box-reflect:none !important;
+ -webkit-box-shadow:none !important;
+ -moz-box-shadow:none !important;
+ box-shadow:none !important;
+
+ :before, :after {
+ display:none !important;
+ }
+}
+ a, a:visited { color: #444 !important; text-decoration: underline; }
+ a[href]:after { content: " (" attr(href) ")"; }
+ abbr[title]:after { content: " (" attr(title) ")"; }
+ .ir a:after, a[href^="javascript:"]:after, a[href^="#"]:after { content: ""; }
+ pre, blockquote { border: 1px solid #999; page-break-inside: avoid; }
+ thead { display: table-header-group; }
+ tr, img { page-break-inside: avoid; }
+ @page { margin: 0.5cm; }
+ p, h2, h3 { orphans: 3; widows: 3; }
+ h2, h3{ page-break-after: avoid; }
+
+ .slide {
+ position:static !important;
+ visibility:visible !important;
+ display:block !important;
+ -webkit-transform:none !important;
+ -moz-transform:none !important;
+ -o-transform:none !important;
+ -ms-transform:none !important;
+ transform:none !important;
+ }
+
+ h1 {
+ -webkit-transform:none !important;
+ -moz-transform:none !important;
+ -o-transform:none !important;
+ -ms-transform:none !important;
+ transform:none !important;
+ padding:0 !important;
+ position:static !important;
+ }
+
+ .deck-container > .slide {
+ page-break-after: always;
+ }
+
+ .deck-container {
+ width:100% !important;
+ height:auto !important;
+ padding:0 !important;
+ display:block !important;
+ }
+
+ script {
+ display:none;
+ }
+}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/extensions/goto/deck.goto.css Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+.deck-container .goto-form {
+ position: absolute;
+ z-index: 3;
+ bottom: 10px;
+ left: 50%;
+ height: 1.75em;
+ margin: 0 0 0 -7.125em;
+ line-height: 1.75em;
+ padding: 0.625em;
+ display: none;
+ background: #ccc;
+ overflow: hidden;
+}
+.borderradius .deck-container .goto-form {
+ -webkit-border-radius: 10px;
+ -moz-border-radius: 10px;
+ border-radius: 10px;
+}
+.deck-container .goto-form label {
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+.deck-container .goto-form label, .deck-container .goto-form input {
+ display: inline-block;
+ font-family: inherit;
+}
+
+.deck-goto .goto-form {
+ display: block;
+}
+
+#goto-slide {
+ width: 4.375em;
+ margin: 0 0.625em;
+ height: 1.4375em;
+}
+
+@media print {
+ .goto-form, #goto-slide {
+ display: none !important;
+ }
+}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/extensions/goto/deck.goto.html Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<!-- Place the following snippet at the bottom of the deck container. -->
+<form action="." method="get" class="goto-form">
+ <label for="goto-slide">Go to slide:</label>
+ <input type="number" name="slidenum" id="goto-slide">
+ <input type="submit" value="Go">
+</form>
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/extensions/goto/deck.goto.js Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+/*!
+Deck JS - deck.goto - v1.0
+Copyright (c) 2011 Caleb Troughton
+Dual licensed under the MIT license and GPL license.
+https://github.com/imakewebthings/deck.js/blob/master/MIT-license.txt
+https://github.com/imakewebthings/deck.js/blob/master/GPL-license.txt
+*/
+
+/*
+This module adds the necessary methods and key bindings to show and hide a form
+for jumping to any slide number in the deck (and processes that form
+accordingly). The form-showing state is indicated by the presence of a class on
+the deck container.
+*/
+(function($, deck, undefined) {
+ var $d = $(document);
+
+ /*
+ Extends defaults/options.
+
+ options.classes.goto
+ This class is added to the deck container when showing the Go To Slide
+ form.
+
+ options.selectors.gotoForm
+ The element that matches this selector is the form that is submitted
+ when a user hits enter after typing a slide number in the gotoInput
+ element.
+
+ options.selectors.gotoInput
+ The element that matches this selector is the text input field for
+ entering a slide number in the Go To Slide form.
+
+ options.keys.goto
+ The numeric keycode used to toggle between showing and hiding the Go To
+ Slide form.
+ */
+ $.extend(true, $[deck].defaults, {
+ classes: {
+ goto: 'deck-goto'
+ },
+
+ selectors: {
+ gotoForm: '.goto-form',
+ gotoInput: '#goto-slide'
+ },
+
+ keys: {
+ goto: 71 // g
+ }
+ });
+
+ /*
+ jQuery.deck('showGoTo')
+
+ Shows the Go To Slide form by adding the class specified by the goto class
+ option to the deck container.
+ */
+ $[deck]('extend', 'showGoTo', function() {
+ $[deck]('getContainer').addClass($[deck]('getOptions').classes.goto);
+ $($[deck]('getOptions').selectors.gotoInput).focus();
+ });
+
+ /*
+ jQuery.deck('hideGoTo')
+
+ Hides the Go To Slide form by removing the class specified by the goto class
+ option from the deck container.
+ */
+ $[deck]('extend', 'hideGoTo', function() {
+ $[deck]('getContainer').removeClass($[deck]('getOptions').classes.goto);
+ $($[deck]('getOptions').selectors.gotoInput).blur();
+ });
+
+ /*
+ jQuery.deck('toggleGoTo')
+
+ Toggles between showing and hiding the Go To Slide form.
+ */
+ $[deck]('extend', 'toggleGoTo', function() {
+ $[deck]($[deck]('getContainer').hasClass($[deck]('getOptions').classes.goto) ? 'hideGoTo' : 'showGoTo');
+ });
+
+ $d.bind('deck.init', function() {
+ // Bind key events
+ $d.unbind('keydown.deckgoto').bind('keydown.deckgoto', function(e) {
+ var key = $[deck]('getOptions').keys.goto;
+
+ if (e.which === key ||$.inArray(e.which, key) > -1) {
+ e.preventDefault();
+ $[deck]('toggleGoTo');
+ }
+ });
+
+ // Process form submittal, go to the slide entered
+ $($[deck]('getOptions').selectors.gotoForm)
+ .unbind('submit.deckgoto')
+ .bind('submit.deckgoto', function(e) {
+ var $field = ($($[deck]('getOptions').selectors.gotoInput)),
+ i = parseInt($field.val(), 10);
+
+ if (!($.isNaN(i) || i < 1 || i > $[deck]('getSlides').length)) {
+ $[deck]('go', i - 1);
+ $[deck]('hideGoTo');
+ $field.val('');
+ }
+
+ e.preventDefault();
+ });
+
+ $($[deck]('getOptions').selectors.gotoInput)
+ .unbind('keydown.deckgoto')
+ .bind('keydown.deckgoto', function(e) {
+ e.stopPropagation();
+ });
+ });
+})(jQuery, 'deck');
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/extensions/goto/deck.goto.scss Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+.deck-container {
+ .goto-form {
+ position:absolute;
+ z-index:3;
+ bottom:10px;
+ left:50%;
+ height:1.75em;
+ margin:0 0 0 -7.125em;
+ line-height:1.75em;
+ padding:0.625em;
+ display:none;
+ background:#ccc;
+ overflow:hidden;
+
+ .borderradius & {
+ -webkit-border-radius:10px;
+ -moz-border-radius:10px;
+ border-radius:10px;
+ }
+
+ label {
+ font-weight:bold;
+ }
+
+ label, input {
+ display:inline-block;
+ font-family:inherit;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+.deck-goto .goto-form {
+ display:block;
+}
+
+#goto-slide {
+ width:4.375em;
+ margin:0 0.625em;
+ height:1.4375em;
+}
+
+@media print {
+ .goto-form, #goto-slide {
+ display:none !important;
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/extensions/hash/deck.hash.css Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+.deck-container .deck-permalink {
+ display: none;
+ position: absolute;
+ z-index: 4;
+ bottom: 30px;
+ right: 0;
+ width: 48px;
+ text-align: center;
+}
+
+.no-history .deck-container:hover .deck-permalink {
+ display: block;
+}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/extensions/hash/deck.hash.html Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+<!-- Place the following snippet at the bottom of the deck container. -->
+<a href="." title="Permalink to this slide" class="deck-permalink">#</a>
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/extensions/hash/deck.hash.js Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+/*!
+Deck JS - deck.hash - v1.0
+Copyright (c) 2011 Caleb Troughton
+Dual licensed under the MIT license and GPL license.
+https://github.com/imakewebthings/deck.js/blob/master/MIT-license.txt
+https://github.com/imakewebthings/deck.js/blob/master/GPL-license.txt
+*/
+
+/*
+This module adds deep linking to individual slides, enables internal links
+to slides within decks, and updates the address bar with the hash as the user
+moves through the deck. A permalink anchor is also updated. Standard themes
+hide this link in browsers that support the History API, and show it for
+those that do not. Slides that do not have an id are assigned one according to
+the hashPrefix option.
+*/
+(function ($, deck, window, undefined) {
+ var $d = $(document),
+ $window = $(window),
+
+ /* Collection of internal fragment links in the deck */
+ $internals,
+
+ /*
+ Internal only function. Given a string, extracts the id from the hash,
+ matches it to the appropriate slide, and navigates there.
+ */
+ goByHash = function(str) {
+ var id = str.substr(str.indexOf("#") + 1),
+ slides = $[deck]('getSlides');
+
+ $.each(slides, function(i, $el) {
+ if ($el.attr('id') === id) {
+ $[deck]('go', i);
+ return false;
+ }
+ });
+ };
+
+ /*
+ Extends defaults/options.
+
+ options.selectors.hashLink
+ The element matching this selector has its href attribute updated to
+ the hash of the current slide as the user navigates through the deck.
+
+ options.hashPrefix
+ Every slide that does not have an id is assigned one at initialization.
+ Assigned ids take the form of hashPrefix + slideIndex, e.g., slide-0,
+ slide-12, etc.
+ */
+ $.extend(true, $[deck].defaults, {
+ selectors: {
+ hashLink: '.deck-permalink'
+ },
+
+ hashPrefix: 'slide-'
+ });
+
+
+ $d.bind('deck.init', function() {
+ $internals = $();
+
+ $.each($[deck]('getSlides'), function(i, $el) {
+ var hash;
+
+ /* Hand out ids to the unfortunate slides born without them */
+ if (!$el.attr('id')) {
+ $el.attr('id', $[deck]('getOptions').hashPrefix + i);
+ }
+
+ hash ='#' + $el.attr('id');
+
+ /* Deep link to slides on init */
+ if (hash === window.location.hash) {
+ $[deck]('go', i);
+ }
+
+ /* Add internal links to this slide */
+ $internals = $internals.add('a[href="' + hash + '"]');
+ });
+
+ if (!Modernizr.hashchange) {
+ /* Set up internal links using click for the poor browsers
+ without a hashchange event. */
+ $internals.unbind('click.deckhash').bind('click.deckhash', function(e) {
+ goByHash($(this).attr('href'));
+ });
+ }
+ })
+ /* Update permalink and address bar on a slide change */
+ .bind('deck.change', function(e, from, to) {
+ var hash = '#' + $[deck]('getSlide', to).attr('id');
+
+ $($[deck]('getOptions').selectors.hashLink).attr('href', hash);
+ if (Modernizr.history) {
+ window.history.replaceState({}, "", hash);
+ }
+ });
+
+ /* Deals with internal links in modern browsers */
+ $window.bind('hashchange.deckhash', function(e) {
+ if (e.originalEvent && e.originalEvent.newURL) {
+ goByHash(e.originalEvent.newURL);
+ }
+ else {
+ goByHash(window.location.hash);
+ }
+ });
+})(jQuery, 'deck', this);
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/extensions/hash/deck.hash.scss Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+.deck-container {
+ .deck-permalink {
+ display:none;
+ position:absolute;
+ z-index:4;
+ bottom:30px;
+ right:0;
+ width:48px;
+ text-align:center;
+ }
+}
+
+.no-history .deck-container:hover .deck-permalink {
+ display:block;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/extensions/menu/deck.menu.css Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+.deck-menu > .slide {
+ float: left;
+ width: 22%;
+ height: 22%;
+ min-height: 0;
+ margin: 1%;
+ font-size: 0.22em;
+ overflow: hidden;
+ padding: 0 0.5%;
+}
+.deck-menu .slide {
+ background: #eee;
+ position: relative;
+ left: 0;
+ top: 0;
+ visibility: visible;
+ cursor: pointer;
+}
+.deck-menu iframe, .deck-menu img, .deck-menu video {
+ max-width: 100%;
+}
+.deck-menu .deck-current, .no-touch .deck-menu .slide:hover {
+ background: #ddf;
+}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/extensions/menu/deck.menu.js Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+/*!
+Deck JS - deck.menu - v1.0
+Copyright (c) 2011 Caleb Troughton
+Dual licensed under the MIT license and GPL license.
+https://github.com/imakewebthings/deck.js/blob/master/MIT-license.txt
+https://github.com/imakewebthings/deck.js/blob/master/GPL-license.txt
+*/
+
+/*
+This module adds the methods and key binding to show and hide a menu of all
+slides in the deck. The deck menu state is indicated by the presence of a class
+on the deck container.
+*/
+(function($, deck, undefined) {
+ var $d = $(document);
+
+ /*
+ Extends defaults/options.
+
+ options.classes.menu
+ This class is added to the deck container when showing the slide menu.
+
+ options.keys.menu
+ The numeric keycode used to toggle between showing and hiding the slide
+ menu.
+
+ options.touch.doubletapWindow
+ Two consecutive touch events within this number of milliseconds will
+ be considered a double tap, and will toggle the menu on touch devices.
+ */
+ $.extend(true, $[deck].defaults, {
+ classes: {
+ menu: 'deck-menu'
+ },
+
+ keys: {
+ menu: 77 // m
+ },
+
+ touch: {
+ doubletapWindow: 400
+ }
+ });
+
+ /*
+ jQuery.deck('showMenu')
+
+ Shows the slide menu by adding the class specified by the menu class option
+ to the deck container.
+ */
+ $[deck]('extend', 'showMenu', function() {
+ $[deck]('getContainer').addClass($[deck]('getOptions').classes.menu);
+ $[deck]('getContainer').scrollTop($[deck]('getSlide').offset().top);
+ });
+
+ /*
+ jQuery.deck('hideMenu')
+
+ Hides the slide menu by removing the class specified by the menu class
+ option from the deck container.
+ */
+ $[deck]('extend', 'hideMenu', function() {
+ $[deck]('getContainer').removeClass($[deck]('getOptions').classes.menu);
+ $[deck]('getContainer').scrollTop(0);
+ });
+
+ /*
+ jQuery.deck('toggleMenu')
+
+ Toggles between showing and hiding the slide menu.
+ */
+ $[deck]('extend', 'toggleMenu', function() {
+ $[deck]('getContainer').hasClass($[deck]('getOptions').classes.menu) ?
+ $[deck]('hideMenu') : $[deck]('showMenu');
+ });
+
+ $d.bind('deck.init', function() {
+ var opts = $[deck]('getOptions'),
+ touchEndTime = 0,
+ currentSlide;
+
+ // Bind key events
+ $d.unbind('keydown.deckmenu').bind('keydown.deckmenu', function(e) {
+ if (e.which === opts.keys.menu || $.inArray(e.which, opts.keys.menu) > -1) {
+ $[deck]('toggleMenu');
+ e.preventDefault();
+ }
+ });
+
+ // Double tap to toggle slide menu for touch devices
+ $[deck]('getContainer').unbind('touchstart.deckmenu').bind('touchstart.deckmenu', function(e) {
+ currentSlide = $[deck]('getSlide');
+ })
+ .unbind('touchend.deckmenu').bind('touchend.deckmenu', function(e) {
+ var now = Date.now();
+
+ // Ignore this touch event if it caused a nav change (swipe)
+ if (currentSlide !== $[deck]('getSlide')) return;
+
+ if (now - touchEndTime < opts.touch.doubletapWindow) {
+ $[deck]('toggleMenu');
+ e.preventDefault();
+ }
+ touchEndTime = now;
+ });
+
+ // Selecting slides from the menu
+ $.each($[deck]('getSlides'), function(i, $s) {
+ $s.unbind('click.deckmenu').bind('click.deckmenu', function(e) {
+ if (!$[deck]('getContainer').hasClass(opts.classes.menu)) return;
+
+ $[deck]('go', i);
+ $[deck]('hideMenu');
+ e.stopPropagation();
+ e.preventDefault();
+ });
+ });
+ })
+ .bind('deck.change', function(e, from, to) {
+ var container = $[deck]('getContainer');
+
+ if (container.hasClass($[deck]('getOptions').classes.menu)) {
+ container.scrollTop($[deck]('getSlide', to).offset().top);
+ }
+ });
+})(jQuery, 'deck');
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/extensions/menu/deck.menu.scss Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+.deck-menu {
+ > .slide {
+ float:left;
+ width:22%;
+ height:22%;
+ min-height:0;
+ margin:1%;
+ font-size:0.22em;
+ overflow:hidden;
+ padding:0 0.5%;
+ }
+
+ .slide {
+ background:#eee;
+ position:relative;
+ left:0;
+ top:0;
+ visibility:visible;
+ cursor:pointer;
+ }
+
+ iframe, img, video {
+ max-width:100%;
+ }
+
+ .deck-current, .no-touch & .slide:hover {
+ background:#ddf;
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/extensions/navigation/deck.navigation.css Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+.deck-container .deck-prev-link, .deck-container .deck-next-link {
+ display: none;
+ position: absolute;
+ z-index: 3;
+ top: 50%;
+ width: 32px;
+ height: 32px;
+ margin-top: -16px;
+ font-size: 20px;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ line-height: 32px;
+ vertical-align: middle;
+ text-align: center;
+ text-decoration: none;
+ color: #fff;
+ background: #888;
+}
+.borderradius .deck-container .deck-prev-link, .borderradius .deck-container .deck-next-link {
+ -webkit-border-radius: 16px;
+ -moz-border-radius: 16px;
+ border-radius: 16px;
+}
+.deck-container .deck-prev-link:hover, .deck-container .deck-prev-link:focus, .deck-container .deck-prev-link:active, .deck-container .deck-prev-link:visited, .deck-container .deck-next-link:hover, .deck-container .deck-next-link:focus, .deck-container .deck-next-link:active, .deck-container .deck-next-link:visited {
+ color: #fff;
+}
+.deck-container .deck-prev-link {
+ left: 8px;
+}
+.deck-container .deck-next-link {
+ right: 8px;
+}
+.deck-container:hover .deck-prev-link, .deck-container:hover .deck-next-link {
+ display: block;
+}
+.deck-container:hover .deck-prev-link.deck-nav-disabled, .touch .deck-container:hover .deck-prev-link, .deck-container:hover .deck-next-link.deck-nav-disabled, .touch .deck-container:hover .deck-next-link {
+ display: none;
+}
+
+@media print {
+ .deck-prev-link, .deck-next-link {
+ display: none !important;
+ }
+}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/extensions/navigation/deck.navigation.html Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<!-- Place the following snippet at the bottom of the deck container. -->
+<a href="#" class="deck-prev-link" title="Previous">←</a>
+<a href="#" class="deck-next-link" title="Next">→</a>
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/extensions/navigation/deck.navigation.js Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*!
+Deck JS - deck.navigation - v1.0
+Copyright (c) 2011 Caleb Troughton
+Dual licensed under the MIT license and GPL license.
+https://github.com/imakewebthings/deck.js/blob/master/MIT-license.txt
+https://github.com/imakewebthings/deck.js/blob/master/GPL-license.txt
+*/
+
+/*
+This module adds clickable previous and next links to the deck.
+*/
+(function($, deck, undefined) {
+ var $d = $(document);
+
+ /*
+ Extends defaults/options.
+
+ options.classes.navDisabled
+ This class is added to a navigation link when that action is disabled.
+ It is added to the previous link when on the first slide, and to the
+ next link when on the last slide.
+
+ options.selectors.nextLink
+ The elements that match this selector will move the deck to the next
+ slide when clicked.
+
+ options.selectors.previousLink
+ The elements that match this selector will move to deck to the previous
+ slide when clicked.
+ */
+ $.extend(true, $[deck].defaults, {
+ classes: {
+ navDisabled: 'deck-nav-disabled'
+ },
+
+ selectors: {
+ nextLink: '.deck-next-link',
+ previousLink: '.deck-prev-link'
+ }
+ });
+
+ $d.bind('deck.init', function() {
+ var opts = $[deck]('getOptions'),
+ nextSlide = $[deck]('getSlide', 1),
+ nextId = nextSlide ? nextSlide.attr('id') : undefined;
+
+ // Setup prev/next link events
+ $(opts.selectors.previousLink)
+ .unbind('click.decknavigation')
+ .bind('click.decknavigation', function(e) {
+ $[deck]('prev');
+ e.preventDefault();
+ });
+
+ $(opts.selectors.nextLink)
+ .unbind('click.decknavigation')
+ .bind('click.decknavigation', function(e) {
+ $[deck]('next');
+ e.preventDefault();
+ });
+
+ // Start on first slide, previous link is disabled, set next link href
+ $(opts.selectors.previousLink).addClass(opts.classes.navDisabled);
+ $(opts.selectors.nextLink).attr('href', '#' + (nextId ? nextId : ''));
+ })
+ /* Updates link hrefs, and disabled states if last/first slide */
+ .bind('deck.change', function(e, from, to) {
+ var opts = $[deck]('getOptions'),
+ last = $[deck]('getSlides').length - 1,
+ prevSlide = $[deck]('getSlide', to - 1),
+ nextSlide = $[deck]('getSlide', to + 1),
+ prevId = prevSlide ? prevSlide.attr('id') : undefined;
+ nextId = nextSlide ? nextSlide.attr('id') : undefined;
+
+ $(opts.selectors.previousLink)
+ .toggleClass(opts.classes.navDisabled, !to)
+ .attr('href', '#' + (prevId ? prevId : ''));
+ $(opts.selectors.nextLink)
+ .toggleClass(opts.classes.navDisabled, to === last)
+ .attr('href', '#' + (nextId ? nextId : ''));
+ });
+})(jQuery, 'deck');
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/extensions/navigation/deck.navigation.scss Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+@mixin border-radius($r) {
+ -webkit-border-radius:$r;
+ -moz-border-radius:$r;
+ border-radius:$r;
+}
+
+.deck-container {
+ .deck-prev-link, .deck-next-link {
+ display:none;
+ position:absolute;
+ z-index:3;
+ top:50%;
+ width:32px;
+ height:32px;
+ margin-top:-16px;
+ font-size:20px;
+ font-weight:bold;
+ line-height:32px;
+ vertical-align:middle;
+ text-align:center;
+ text-decoration:none;
+ color:#fff;
+ background:#888;
+
+ .borderradius & {
+ @include border-radius(16px);
+ }
+
+ &:hover, &:focus, &:active, &:visited {
+ color:#fff;
+ }
+ }
+
+ .deck-prev-link {
+ left:8px;
+ }
+
+ .deck-next-link {
+ right:8px;
+ }
+
+ &:hover .deck-prev-link, &:hover .deck-next-link {
+ display:block;
+
+ &.deck-nav-disabled, .touch & {
+ display:none;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+@media print {
+ .deck-prev-link, .deck-next-link {
+ display:none !important;
+ }
+}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/extensions/notes/README.md Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Speaker notes extension for deck.js
+
+Just add element with class "note" inside your slide elements and contents of
+it element will be shown only when requested.
+
+## Installation
+
+Just like other extension. Include css, js and html to your slide page.
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/extensions/notes/deck.notes.css Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+
+
+.note {
+ display: none;
+}
+
+/* .deck-notes a { */
+/* display: none; */
+/* } */
+
+.deck-container:hover .deck-show-notes {
+ display: block;
+}
+
+.deck-hide-button {
+ display: none !important;
+}
+
+a.deck-hide-notes {
+ float: right;
+ bottom: 10px !important;
+}
+
+
+
+.deck-note-button {
+ font-size: 8pt;
+}
+
+.deck-notes {
+ display: none;
+}
+
+
+.deck-hide-always {
+ display: none !important;
+}
+
+.deck-notes, .deck-show-notes {
+ position: absolute;
+ bottom: 10px !important;
+ left: 10px;
+ color: black;
+ padding: 1em;
+ font-size: 70% !important;
+ border-radius: 6px 6px 6px 6px !important;
+ z-index: 100000;
+}
+
+.deck-notes {
+ padding: 0.5em !important;
+ width: 800px;
+ height: 400px;
+ background: #fff !important;
+ border-color: #888 !important;
+ border-width: 6px 6px 6px 6px !important;
+ border-style: solid !important;
+}
+
+
+.deck-show-notes {
+ display: none;
+ background-color: #888;
+ padding: 0.5em !important;
+}
+
+.deck-show-notes a, .deck-show-notes a:hover {
+ color: white;
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/extensions/notes/deck.notes.html Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<!-- Place the following snippet at the bottom of the deck container. -->
+<div class="deck-notes" style="display: block; ">
+ <a href="#" class="deck-hide-notes deck-note-button">Hide</a>
+ <div class="deck-note-container" style="display: none; ">my sub note 4</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="deck-show-notes deck-hide-button">
+ <a href="#" class="deck-note-button">Show Speaker Notes</a>
+</div>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/extensions/notes/deck.notes.js Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*!
+Deck JS - deck.notes - v1.0
+Copyright (c) 2011 Esa-Matti Suuronen
+Dual licensed under the MIT license and GPL license.
+https://github.com/imakewebthings/deck.js/blob/master/MIT-license.txt
+https://github.com/imakewebthings/deck.js/blob/master/GPL-license.txt
+*/
+
+/*
+This module adds the methods and key binding to show and hide a menu of all
+slides in the deck. The deck menu state is indicated by the presence of a class
+on the deck container.
+*/
+(function($, deck, undefined) {
+ var $d = $(document);
+
+
+ function displayNotes(slideId) {
+ var noteContainer = $(".deck-note-container");
+ var notes = $(".deck-notes,.deck-show-notes");
+
+ var note = $[deck]('getSlide', slideId).find(".note");
+ console.log("note is ", note.html());
+
+ if (note.size() > 0) {
+ noteContainer.html(note.html());
+ notes.removeClass("deck-hide-always");
+ }
+ else {
+ notes.addClass("deck-hide-always");
+ }
+ }
+
+ $d.bind('deck.init', function() {
+ var noteWrapper = $(".deck-notes");
+ var showNotesButton = $(".deck-show-notes");
+
+ $("a.deck-hide-notes").click(function() {
+ noteWrapper.hide();
+ showNotesButton.removeClass("deck-hide-button");
+ });
+
+ $(".deck-show-notes a").click(function() {
+ showNotesButton.addClass("deck-hide-button");
+ noteWrapper.show();
+ });
+
+ if (!window.location.hash) {
+ displayNotes(0);
+ }
+
+ });
+
+ $d.bind('deck.change', function(e, from, to) {
+ displayNotes(to);
+ });
+
+})(jQuery, 'deck');
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/extensions/scale/deck.scale.css Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+.csstransforms .deck-container.deck-scale {
+ width: auto;
+ -webkit-transform-origin: 50% 0;
+ -moz-transform-origin: 50% 0;
+ -o-transform-origin: 50% 0;
+ -ms-transform-origin: 50% 0;
+ transform-origin: 50% 0;
+}
+.csstransforms .deck-container.deck-scale.deck-menu {
+ width: 70%;
+ -webkit-transform: none !important;
+ -moz-transform: none !important;
+ -o-transform: none !important;
+ -ms-transform: none !important;
+ transform: none !important;
+}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/extensions/scale/deck.scale.js Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+/*!
+Deck JS - deck.scale - v1.0
+Copyright (c) 2011 Caleb Troughton
+Dual licensed under the MIT license and GPL license.
+https://github.com/imakewebthings/deck.js/blob/master/MIT-license.txt
+https://github.com/imakewebthings/deck.js/blob/master/GPL-license.txt
+*/
+
+/*
+This module adds automatic scaling to the deck. It should only be used on
+standalone decks where the body is the deck container. Slides are scaled down
+using CSS transforms to fit within the browser window. If the browser window
+is big enough to hold the slides without scaling, no scaling occurs. The user
+can disable and enable scaling with a keyboard shortcut.
+
+Note: CSS transforms make Flash videos render incorrectly. Presenters that
+need to use video will want to disable scaling to play them. HTML5 video
+works fine.
+*/
+(function($, deck, window, undefined) {
+ var $d = $(document),
+ $w = $(window),
+ baseHeight, // Value to scale against
+ timer, // Timeout id for debouncing
+
+ /*
+ Internal function to do all the dirty work of scaling the deck container.
+ */
+ scaleDeck = function() {
+ var obh = $[deck]('getOptions').baseHeight,
+ $container = $[deck]('getContainer'),
+ height = $w.height(),
+ slides = $[deck]('getSlides'),
+ scale,
+ transform;
+
+ // Don't scale if scaling disabled
+ if (!$container.hasClass($[deck]('getOptions').classes.scale)) {
+ scale = 1;
+ }
+ else {
+ // Use tallest slide as base height if not set manually
+ baseHeight = obh ? obh : (function() {
+ var greatest = 0;
+
+ $.each(slides, function(i, $slide) {
+ greatest = Math.max(greatest, $slide.outerHeight());
+ });
+
+ return greatest;
+ })();
+
+ scale = height / baseHeight;
+ }
+
+ // Scale, but don't scale up
+ transform = scale >= 1 ? 'none' : 'scale(' + scale + ')';
+ $.each('Webkit Moz O ms Khtml'.split(' '), function(i, prefix) {
+ $container.css(prefix + 'Transform', transform);
+ });
+ };
+
+ /*
+ Extends defaults/options.
+
+ options.classes.scale
+ This class is added to the deck container when scaling is enabled.
+ It is enabled by default when the module is included.
+
+ options.keys.scale
+ The numeric keycode used to toggle enabling and disabling scaling.
+
+ options.baseHeight
+ When baseheight is falsy, as it is by default, the deck is scaled
+ in proportion to the height of the slides. You may instead specify
+ a height, and the deck will be scaled against this height regardless
+ of the actual content height.
+
+ options.scaleDebounce
+ Scaling on the browser resize event is debounced. This number is the
+ threshold in milliseconds. You can learn more about debouncing here:
+ http://unscriptable.com/index.php/2009/03/20/debouncing-javascript-methods/
+
+ */
+ $.extend(true, $[deck].defaults, {
+ classes: {
+ scale: 'deck-scale'
+ },
+
+ keys: {
+ scale: 83 // s
+ },
+
+ baseHeight: null,
+ scaleDebounce: 200
+ });
+
+ /*
+ jQuery.deck('disableScale')
+
+ Disables scaling and removes the scale class from the deck container.
+ */
+ $[deck]('extend', 'disableScale', function() {
+ $[deck]('getContainer').removeClass($[deck]('getOptions').classes.scale);
+ scaleDeck();
+ });
+
+ /*
+ jQuery.deck('enableScale')
+
+ Enables scaling and adds the scale class to the deck container.
+ */
+ $[deck]('extend', 'enableScale', function() {
+ $[deck]('getContainer').addClass($[deck]('getOptions').classes.scale);
+ scaleDeck();
+ });
+
+ /*
+ jQuery.deck('toggleScale')
+
+ Toggles between enabling and disabling scaling.
+ */
+ $[deck]('extend', 'toggleScale', function() {
+ var $c = $[deck]('getContainer');
+ $[deck]($c.hasClass($[deck]('getOptions').classes.scale) ?
+ 'disableScale' : 'enableScale');
+ });
+
+ $d.bind('deck.init', function() {
+ var opts = $[deck]('getOptions');
+
+ // Scaling enabled at start
+ $[deck]('getContainer').addClass(opts.classes.scale);
+
+ // Debounce the resize scaling
+ $w.unbind('resize.deckscale').bind('resize.deckscale', function() {
+ window.clearTimeout(timer);
+ timer = window.setTimeout(scaleDeck, opts.scaleDebounce);
+ })
+ // Scale once on load, in case images or something change layout
+ .unbind('load.deckscale').bind('load.deckscale', scaleDeck);
+
+ // Bind key events
+ $d.unbind('keydown.deckscale').bind('keydown.deckscale', function(e) {
+ if (e.which === opts.keys.scale || $.inArray(e.which, opts.keys.scale) > -1) {
+ $[deck]('toggleScale');
+ e.preventDefault();
+ }
+ });
+
+ // Scale once on init
+ scaleDeck();
+ });
+})(jQuery, 'deck', this);
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/extensions/scale/deck.scale.scss Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+.csstransforms .deck-container.deck-scale {
+ width:auto;
+ -webkit-transform-origin: 50% 0;
+ -moz-transform-origin: 50% 0;
+ -o-transform-origin: 50% 0;
+ -ms-transform-origin: 50% 0;
+ transform-origin: 50% 0;
+
+ &.deck-menu {
+ width:70%;
+ -webkit-transform:none !important;
+ -moz-transform:none !important;
+ -o-transform:none !important;
+ -ms-transform:none !important;
+ transform:none !important;
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/extensions/status/deck.status.css Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+.deck-container .deck-status {
+ position: absolute;
+ bottom: 10px;
+ right: 5px;
+ color: #888;
+ z-index: 3;
+ margin: 0;
+}
+
+@media print {
+ .deck-status {
+ display: none;
+ }
+}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/extensions/status/deck.status.html Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<!-- Place the following snippet at the bottom of the deck container. -->
+<p class="deck-status">
+ <span class="deck-status-current"></span>
+ /
+ <span class="deck-status-total"></span>
+</p>
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/extensions/status/deck.status.js Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*!
+Deck JS - deck.status - v1.0
+Copyright (c) 2011 Caleb Troughton
+Dual licensed under the MIT license and GPL license.
+https://github.com/imakewebthings/deck.js/blob/master/MIT-license.txt
+https://github.com/imakewebthings/deck.js/blob/master/GPL-license.txt
+*/
+
+/*
+This module adds a (current)/(total) style status indicator to the deck.
+*/
+(function($, deck, undefined) {
+ var $d = $(document);
+
+ /*
+ Extends defaults/options.
+
+ options.selectors.statusCurrent
+ The element matching this selector displays the current slide number.
+
+ options.selectors.statusTotal
+ The element matching this selector displays the total number of slides.
+ */
+ $.extend(true, $[deck].defaults, {
+ selectors: {
+ statusCurrent: '.deck-status-current',
+ statusTotal: '.deck-status-total'
+ }
+ });
+
+ $d.bind('deck.init', function() {
+ // Start on first slide
+ $($[deck]('getOptions').selectors.statusCurrent).text(1);
+ // Set total slides once
+ $($[deck]('getOptions').selectors.statusTotal).text($[deck]('getSlides').length);
+ })
+ /* Update current slide number with each change event */
+ .bind('deck.change', function(e, from, to) {
+ $($[deck]('getOptions').selectors.statusCurrent).text(to + 1);
+ });
+})(jQuery, 'deck');
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/extensions/status/deck.status.scss Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+.deck-container {
+ .deck-status {
+ position:absolute;
+ bottom:10px;
+ right:5px;
+ color:#888;
+ z-index:3;
+ margin:0;
+ }
+}
+
+@media print {
+ .deck-status {
+ display:none;
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/introduction/index.html Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<!--[if lt IE 7]> <html class="no-js ie6" lang="en"> <![endif]-->
+<!--[if IE 7]> <html class="no-js ie7" lang="en"> <![endif]-->
+<!--[if IE 8]> <html class="no-js ie8" lang="en"> <![endif]-->
+<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <!--<![endif]-->
+<head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
+
+ <title>Getting Started with deck.js</title>
+
+ <meta name="description" content="A jQuery library for modern HTML presentations">
+ <meta name="author" content="Caleb Troughton">
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=1024, user-scalable=no">
+
+ <!-- Core and extension CSS files -->
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../core/deck.core.css">
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../extensions/goto/deck.goto.css">
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../extensions/menu/deck.menu.css">
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../extensions/navigation/deck.navigation.css">
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../extensions/status/deck.status.css">
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../extensions/hash/deck.hash.css">
+
+ <!-- Theme CSS files (menu swaps these out) -->
+ <link rel="stylesheet" id="style-theme-link" href="../themes/style/web-2.0.css">
+ <link rel="stylesheet" id="transition-theme-link" href="../themes/transition/horizontal-slide.css">
+
+ <!-- Custom CSS just for this page -->
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="introduction.css">
+
+ <script src="../modernizr.custom.js"></script>
+</head>
+
+<body class="deck-container">
+
+<div class="theme-menu">
+ <h2>Themes</h2>
+
+ <label for="style-themes">Style:</label>
+ <select id="style-themes">
+ <option selected value="../themes/style/web-2.0.css">Web 2.0</option>
+ <option value="../themes/style/swiss.css">Swiss</option>
+ <option value="../themes/style/neon.css">Neon</option>
+ <option value="">None</option>
+ </select>
+
+ <label for="transition-themes">Transition:</label>
+ <select id="transition-themes">
+ <option selected value="../themes/transition/horizontal-slide.css">Horizontal Slide</option>
+ <option value="../themes/transition/vertical-slide.css">Vertical Slide</option>
+ <option value="../themes/transition/fade.css">Fade</option>
+ <option value="">None</option>
+ </select>
+</div>
+
+<div class="slide" id="title-slide">
+ <h1>Getting Started with deck.js</h1>
+</div>
+
+<div class="slide" id="how-to-overview">
+ <h2>How to Make a Deck</h2>
+ <ol>
+ <li>
+ <h3>Write Slides</h3>
+ <p>Slide content is simple HTML.</p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <h3>Choose Themes</h3>
+ <p>One for slide styles and one for deck transitions.</p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <h3>Include Extensions</h3>
+ <p>Add extra functionality to your deck, or leave it stripped down.</p>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+</div>
+
+<div class="slide" id="markup">
+ <h2>The Markup</h2>
+ <p>Slides are just HTML elements with a class of <code>slide</code>.</p>
+ <pre><code><div class="slide">
+ <h2>How to Make a Deck</h2>
+ <ol>
+ <li>
+ <h3>Write Slides</h3>
+ <p>Slide content is simple HTML.</p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <h3>Choose Themes</h3>
+ <p>One for slide styles and one for deck transitions.</p>
+ </li>
+ …
+ </ol>
+</div></code></pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="slide" id="themes">
+ <h2>Style Themes</h2>
+ <p>Customizes the colors, typography, and layout of slide content.</p>
+ <pre><code><link rel="stylesheet" href="/path/to/css/style-theme.css"></code></pre>
+ <h2>Transition Themes</h2>
+ <p>Defines transitions between slides using CSS3 transitions. Less capable browsers fall back to cutaways. But <strong>you</strong> aren’t using <em>those</em> browsers to give your presentations, are you…</p>
+ <pre><code><link rel="stylesheet" href="/path/to/css/transition-theme.css"></code></pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="slide" id="extensions">
+ <h2>Extensions</h2>
+ <p>Core gives you basic slide functionality with left and right arrow navigation, but you may want more. Here are the ones included in this deck:</p>
+
+ <ul>
+ <li class="slide" id="extensions-goto">
+ <strong>deck.goto</strong>: Adds a shortcut key to jump to any slide number. Hit g, type in the slide number, and hit enter.
+ </li>
+
+ <li class="slide" id="extensions-hash">
+ <strong>deck.hash</strong>: Enables internal linking within slides, deep linking to individual slides, and updates the address bar & a permalink anchor with each slide change.
+ </li>
+
+ <li class="slide" id="extensions-menu">
+ <strong>deck.menu</strong>: Adds a menu view, letting you see all slides in a grid. Hit m to toggle to menu view, continue navigating your deck, and hit m to return to normal view. Touch devices can double-tap the deck to switch between views.
+ </li>
+
+ <li class="slide" id="extensions-navigation">
+ <strong>deck.navigation</strong>: Adds clickable left and right buttons for the less keyboard inclined.
+ </li>
+
+ <li class="slide" id="extensions-status">
+ <strong>deck.status</strong>: Adds a page number indicator. (current/total)
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <p class="slide" id="extension-folders">Each extension folder in the download package contains the necessary JavaScript, CSS, and HTML files. For a complete list of extension modules included in deck.js, check out the <a href="http://imakewebthings.github.com/deck.js/docs">documentation</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="slide" id="nested">
+ <h2>Nested Slides</h2>
+ <p>That last slide had a few steps. To create substeps in slides, just nest them:</p>
+ <pre><code><div class="slide">
+ <h2>Extensions</h2>
+ <p>Core gives you basic slide functionality...</p>
+ <ul>
+ <li class="slide">
+ <h3>deck.goto</h3>
+ <p>Adds a shortcut key to jump to any slide number...</p>
+ </li>
+ <li class="slide">...</li>
+ <li class="slide">...</li>
+ <li class="slide">...</li>
+ </ul>
+</div></code></pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="slide" id="elements-images">
+ <h2>Other Elements: Images</h2>
+ <img src="http://placekitten.com/600/375" alt="Kitties">
+ <pre><code><img src="http://placekitten.com/600/375" alt="Kitties"></code></pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="slide" id="elements-blockquotes">
+ <h2>Other Elements: Blockquotes</h2>
+ <blockquote cite="http://example.org">
+ <p>Food is an important part of a balanced diet.</p>
+ <p><cite>Fran Lebowitz</cite></p>
+ </blockquote>
+ <pre><code><blockquote cite="http://example.org">
+ <p>Food is an important part of a balanced diet.</p>
+ <p><cite>Fran Lebowitz</cite></p>
+</blockquote></code></pre>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="elements-videos">
+ <h2>Other Elements: Video Embeds</h2>
+ <p>Embed videos from your favorite online video service or with an HTML5 video element.</p>
+
+ <iframe src="http://player.vimeo.com/video/1063136?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0" width="400" height="225" frameborder="0"></iframe>
+
+ <pre><code><iframe src="http://player.vimeo.com/video/1063136?title=0&amp;byline=0&amp;portrait=0" width="400" height="225" frameborder="0"></iframe></code></pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="slide" id="digging-deeper">
+ <h2>Digging Deeper</h2>
+ <p>If you want to learn about making your own themes, extending deck.js, and more, check out the <a href="../docs/">documentation</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a href="#" class="deck-prev-link" title="Previous">←</a>
+<a href="#" class="deck-next-link" title="Next">→</a>
+
+<p class="deck-status">
+ <span class="deck-status-current"></span>
+ /
+ <span class="deck-status-total"></span>
+</p>
+
+<form action="." method="get" class="goto-form">
+ <label for="goto-slide">Go to slide:</label>
+ <input type="number" name="slidenum" id="goto-slide">
+ <input type="submit" value="Go">
+</form>
+
+<a href="." title="Permalink to this slide" class="deck-permalink">#</a>
+
+<script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.6.1/jquery.js"></script>
+<script>window.jQuery || document.write('<script src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jQuery/jquery-1.6.1.min.js">\x3C/script>')</script>
+
+<!-- Deck Core and extensions -->
+<script src="../core/deck.core.js"></script>
+<script src="../extensions/menu/deck.menu.js"></script>
+<script src="../extensions/goto/deck.goto.js"></script>
+<script src="../extensions/status/deck.status.js"></script>
+<script src="../extensions/navigation/deck.navigation.js"></script>
+<script src="../extensions/hash/deck.hash.js"></script>
+
+<!-- Specific to this page -->
+<script src="introduction.js"></script>
+
+</body>
+</html>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/introduction/introduction.css Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+.deck-container .theme-menu {
+ display: none;
+ position: fixed;
+ z-index: 3;
+ bottom: 10px;
+ left: 10px;
+ height: 20px;
+ line-height: 20px;
+ padding: 5px;
+ border: 1px solid #ddd;
+ -webkit-border-radius: 5px;
+ -moz-border-radius: 5px;
+ border-radius: 5px;
+ overflow: hidden;
+ background: #fff;
+ font-family: sans-serif;
+ color: #888;
+}
+.js .deck-container .theme-menu {
+ display: block;
+}
+.deck-container .theme-menu h2 {
+ float: left;
+ font-size: 20px;
+ border: 0;
+ padding: 5px 10px;
+ margin: 0;
+ height: 20px;
+ position: relative;
+ top: -5px;
+ left: -5px;
+ background: #ccc;
+ color: #444;
+ text-shadow: none;
+ font-family: sans-serif;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+.deck-container .theme-menu label {
+ float: left;
+ display: block;
+ font-size: 12px;
+ vertical-align: baseline;
+ margin: 0 4px 0 15px;
+}
+.deck-container .theme-menu select {
+ float: left;
+ display: block;
+ font-size: 14px;
+}
+
+@media print {
+ .theme-menu {
+ display: none !important;
+ }
+}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/introduction/introduction.js Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+$(function() {
+ // Deck initialization
+ $.deck('.slide');
+
+ $('#style-themes').change(function() {
+ $('#style-theme-link').attr('href', $(this).val());
+ });
+
+ $('#transition-themes').change(function() {
+ $('#transition-theme-link').attr('href', $(this).val());
+ });
+});
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/introduction/introduction.scss Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+.deck-container {
+ .theme-menu {
+ display:none;
+ position:fixed;
+ z-index:3;
+ bottom:10px;
+ left:10px;
+ height:20px;
+ line-height:20px;
+ padding:5px;
+ border:1px solid #ddd;
+ -webkit-border-radius:5px;
+ -moz-border-radius:5px;
+ border-radius:5px;
+ overflow:hidden;
+ background:#fff;
+ font-family:sans-serif;
+ color:#888;
+
+ .js & {
+ display:block;
+ }
+
+ h2 {
+ float:left;
+ font-size:20px;
+ border:0;
+ padding:5px 10px;
+ margin:0;
+ height:20px;
+ position:relative;
+ top:-5px;
+ left:-5px;
+ background:#ccc;
+ color:#444;
+ text-shadow:none;
+ font-family:sans-serif;
+ font-weight:bold;
+ }
+
+ label {
+ float:left;
+ display:block;
+ font-size:12px;
+ vertical-align:baseline;
+ margin:0 4px 0 15px;
+ }
+
+ select {
+ float:left;
+ display:block;
+ font-size:14px;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+@media print {
+ .theme-menu {
+ display:none !important;
+ }
+}
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/modernizr.custom.js Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+/* Modernizr 2.0.6 (Custom Build) | MIT & BSD
+ * Contains: fontface | backgroundsize | borderimage | borderradius | boxshadow | flexbox | hsla | multiplebgs | opacity | rgba | textshadow | cssanimations | csscolumns | generatedcontent | cssgradients | cssreflections | csstransforms | csstransforms3d | csstransitions | applicationcache | canvas | canvastext | draganddrop | hashchange | history | audio | video | indexeddb | input | inputtypes | localstorage | postmessage | sessionstorage | websockets | websqldatabase | webworkers | geolocation | inlinesvg | smil | svg | svgclippaths | touch | webgl | iepp | cssclasses | addtest | teststyles | testprop | testallprops | hasevent | prefixes | domprefixes | load
+ */
+;window.Modernizr=function(a,b,c){function H(){e.input=function(a){for(var b=0,c=a.length;b<c;b++)t[a[b]]=a[b]in l;return t}("autocomplete autofocus list placeholder max min multiple pattern required step".split(" ")),e.inputtypes=function(a){for(var d=0,e,f,h,i=a.length;d<i;d++)l.setAttribute("type",f=a[d]),e=l.type!=="text",e&&(l.value=m,l.style.cssText="position:absolute;visibility:hidden;",/^range$/.test(f)&&l.style.WebkitAppearance!==c?(g.appendChild(l),h=b.defaultView,e=h.getComputedStyle&&h.getComputedStyle(l,null).WebkitAppearance!=="textfield"&&l.offsetHeight!==0,g.removeChild(l)):/^(search|tel)$/.test(f)||(/^(url|email)$/.test(f)?e=l.checkValidity&&l.checkValidity()===!1:/^color$/.test(f)?(g.appendChild(l),g.offsetWidth,e=l.value!=m,g.removeChild(l)):e=l.value!=m)),s[a[d]]=!!e;return s}("search tel url email datetime date month week time datetime-local number range color".split(" "))}function F(a,b){var c=a.charAt(0).toUpperCase()+a.substr(1),d=(a+" "+p.join(c+" 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\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/test/fixtures/complex.html Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<div class="deck-container">
+ <div class="slide1"></div>
+
+ <div class="slide2 slide3 slide4">
+ <div class="slide2 slide10"></div>
+ <div class="slide3 slide4"></div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="slide3 slide5"></div>
+
+ <div class="slide6 slide7 slide8 slide9 slide10"></div>
+
+ <p class="deck-status">
+ <span class="deck-status-current"></span>
+ /
+ <span class="deck-status-total"></span>
+ </p>
+
+ <form action="." method="get" class="goto-form">
+ <label for="goto-slide">Go to slide:</label>
+ <input type="number" name="slidenum" id="goto-slide" value="">
+ <input type="submit" value="Go">
+ </form>
+</div>
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/test/fixtures/standard.html Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+<div class="deck-container">
+ <div class="slide slide1"></div>
+
+ <div class="slide slide2" id="custom-id"></div>
+
+ <div class="slide slide3"></div>
+
+ <div class="slide slide4"></div>
+
+ <div class="slide slide5"></div>
+
+ <a href="#" class="deck-prev-link">Previous</a>
+ <a href="#" class="deck-next-link">Next</a>
+
+ <p class="deck-status">
+ <span class="deck-status-current"></span>
+ /
+ <span class="deck-status-total"></span>
+ </p>
+
+ <form action="." method="get" class="goto-form">
+ <label for="goto-slide">Go to slide:</label>
+ <input type="number" name="slidenum" id="goto-slide" value="">
+ <input type="submit" value="Go">
+ </form>
+
+ <a href="#" class="deck-permalink">#</a>
+ <a href="#custom-id" id="internal-test">Internal Test Link</a>
+</div>
+
+<div class="alt-container">
+ <div class="alt-slide alt-slide1"></div>
+
+ <div class="alt-slide alt-slide2"></div>
+
+ <div class="alt-slide alt-slide3"></div>
+
+ <div class="alt-slide alt-slide4"></div>
+
+ <div class="alt-slide alt-slide5"></div>
+</div>
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/test/index.html Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
+<html>
+<head>
+ <title>deck.js - Jasmine Test Runner</title>
+ <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="lib/jasmine.css">
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../modernizr.custom.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="lib/jasmine.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="lib/jasmine-html.js"></script>
+ <script src="http://ajax.microsoft.com/ajax/jquery/jquery-1.6.1.min.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="lib/jasmine-jquery.js"></script>
+
+ <!-- include source files here... -->
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../core/deck.core.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../extensions/menu/deck.menu.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../extensions/goto/deck.goto.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../extensions/status/deck.status.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../extensions/navigation/deck.navigation.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../extensions/hash/deck.hash.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../extensions/scale/deck.scale.js"></script>
+
+ <!-- include spec files here... -->
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="settings.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="spec.core.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="spec.menu.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="spec.goto.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="spec.navigation.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="spec.hash.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="spec.status.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="spec.scale.js"></script>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+<script type="text/javascript">
+ jasmine.getEnv().addReporter(new jasmine.TrivialReporter());
+ jasmine.getEnv().execute();
+</script>
+</body>
+</html>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/test/lib/jasmine-html.js Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+jasmine.TrivialReporter = function(doc) {
+ this.document = doc || document;
+ this.suiteDivs = {};
+ this.logRunningSpecs = false;
+};
+
+jasmine.TrivialReporter.prototype.createDom = function(type, attrs, childrenVarArgs) {
+ var el = document.createElement(type);
+
+ for (var i = 2; i < arguments.length; i++) {
+ var child = arguments[i];
+
+ if (typeof child === 'string') {
+ el.appendChild(document.createTextNode(child));
+ } else {
+ if (child) { el.appendChild(child); }
+ }
+ }
+
+ for (var attr in attrs) {
+ if (attr == "className") {
+ el[attr] = attrs[attr];
+ } else {
+ el.setAttribute(attr, attrs[attr]);
+ }
+ }
+
+ return el;
+};
+
+jasmine.TrivialReporter.prototype.reportRunnerStarting = function(runner) {
+ var showPassed, showSkipped;
+
+ this.outerDiv = this.createDom('div', { className: 'jasmine_reporter' },
+ this.createDom('div', { className: 'banner' },
+ this.createDom('div', { className: 'logo' },
+ this.createDom('span', { className: 'title' }, "Jasmine"),
+ this.createDom('span', { className: 'version' }, runner.env.versionString())),
+ this.createDom('div', { className: 'options' },
+ "Show ",
+ showPassed = this.createDom('input', { id: "__jasmine_TrivialReporter_showPassed__", type: 'checkbox' }),
+ this.createDom('label', { "for": "__jasmine_TrivialReporter_showPassed__" }, " passed "),
+ showSkipped = this.createDom('input', { id: "__jasmine_TrivialReporter_showSkipped__", type: 'checkbox' }),
+ this.createDom('label', { "for": "__jasmine_TrivialReporter_showSkipped__" }, " skipped")
+ )
+ ),
+
+ this.runnerDiv = this.createDom('div', { className: 'runner running' },
+ this.createDom('a', { className: 'run_spec', href: '?' }, "run all"),
+ this.runnerMessageSpan = this.createDom('span', {}, "Running..."),
+ this.finishedAtSpan = this.createDom('span', { className: 'finished-at' }, ""))
+ );
+
+ this.document.body.appendChild(this.outerDiv);
+
+ var suites = runner.suites();
+ for (var i = 0; i < suites.length; i++) {
+ var suite = suites[i];
+ var suiteDiv = this.createDom('div', { className: 'suite' },
+ this.createDom('a', { className: 'run_spec', href: '?spec=' + encodeURIComponent(suite.getFullName()) }, "run"),
+ this.createDom('a', { className: 'description', href: '?spec=' + encodeURIComponent(suite.getFullName()) }, suite.description));
+ this.suiteDivs[suite.id] = suiteDiv;
+ var parentDiv = this.outerDiv;
+ if (suite.parentSuite) {
+ parentDiv = this.suiteDivs[suite.parentSuite.id];
+ }
+ parentDiv.appendChild(suiteDiv);
+ }
+
+ this.startedAt = new Date();
+
+ var self = this;
+ showPassed.onclick = function(evt) {
+ if (showPassed.checked) {
+ self.outerDiv.className += ' show-passed';
+ } else {
+ self.outerDiv.className = self.outerDiv.className.replace(/ show-passed/, '');
+ }
+ };
+
+ showSkipped.onclick = function(evt) {
+ if (showSkipped.checked) {
+ self.outerDiv.className += ' show-skipped';
+ } else {
+ self.outerDiv.className = self.outerDiv.className.replace(/ show-skipped/, '');
+ }
+ };
+};
+
+jasmine.TrivialReporter.prototype.reportRunnerResults = function(runner) {
+ var results = runner.results();
+ var className = (results.failedCount > 0) ? "runner failed" : "runner passed";
+ this.runnerDiv.setAttribute("class", className);
+ //do it twice for IE
+ this.runnerDiv.setAttribute("className", className);
+ var specs = runner.specs();
+ var specCount = 0;
+ for (var i = 0; i < specs.length; i++) {
+ if (this.specFilter(specs[i])) {
+ specCount++;
+ }
+ }
+ var message = "" + specCount + " spec" + (specCount == 1 ? "" : "s" ) + ", " + results.failedCount + " failure" + ((results.failedCount == 1) ? "" : "s");
+ message += " in " + ((new Date().getTime() - this.startedAt.getTime()) / 1000) + "s";
+ this.runnerMessageSpan.replaceChild(this.createDom('a', { className: 'description', href: '?'}, message), this.runnerMessageSpan.firstChild);
+
+ this.finishedAtSpan.appendChild(document.createTextNode("Finished at " + new Date().toString()));
+};
+
+jasmine.TrivialReporter.prototype.reportSuiteResults = function(suite) {
+ var results = suite.results();
+ var status = results.passed() ? 'passed' : 'failed';
+ if (results.totalCount === 0) { // todo: change this to check results.skipped
+ status = 'skipped';
+ }
+ this.suiteDivs[suite.id].className += " " + status;
+};
+
+jasmine.TrivialReporter.prototype.reportSpecStarting = function(spec) {
+ if (this.logRunningSpecs) {
+ this.log('>> Jasmine Running ' + spec.suite.description + ' ' + spec.description + '...');
+ }
+};
+
+jasmine.TrivialReporter.prototype.reportSpecResults = function(spec) {
+ var results = spec.results();
+ var status = results.passed() ? 'passed' : 'failed';
+ if (results.skipped) {
+ status = 'skipped';
+ }
+ var specDiv = this.createDom('div', { className: 'spec ' + status },
+ this.createDom('a', { className: 'run_spec', href: '?spec=' + encodeURIComponent(spec.getFullName()) }, "run"),
+ this.createDom('a', {
+ className: 'description',
+ href: '?spec=' + encodeURIComponent(spec.getFullName()),
+ title: spec.getFullName()
+ }, spec.description));
+
+
+ var resultItems = results.getItems();
+ var messagesDiv = this.createDom('div', { className: 'messages' });
+ for (var i = 0; i < resultItems.length; i++) {
+ var result = resultItems[i];
+
+ if (result.type == 'log') {
+ messagesDiv.appendChild(this.createDom('div', {className: 'resultMessage log'}, result.toString()));
+ } else if (result.type == 'expect' && result.passed && !result.passed()) {
+ messagesDiv.appendChild(this.createDom('div', {className: 'resultMessage fail'}, result.message));
+
+ if (result.trace.stack) {
+ messagesDiv.appendChild(this.createDom('div', {className: 'stackTrace'}, result.trace.stack));
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (messagesDiv.childNodes.length > 0) {
+ specDiv.appendChild(messagesDiv);
+ }
+
+ this.suiteDivs[spec.suite.id].appendChild(specDiv);
+};
+
+jasmine.TrivialReporter.prototype.log = function() {
+ var console = jasmine.getGlobal().console;
+ if (console && console.log) {
+ if (console.log.apply) {
+ console.log.apply(console, arguments);
+ } else {
+ console.log(arguments); // ie fix: console.log.apply doesn't exist on ie
+ }
+ }
+};
+
+jasmine.TrivialReporter.prototype.getLocation = function() {
+ return this.document.location;
+};
+
+jasmine.TrivialReporter.prototype.specFilter = function(spec) {
+ var paramMap = {};
+ var params = this.getLocation().search.substring(1).split('&');
+ for (var i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
+ var p = params[i].split('=');
+ paramMap[decodeURIComponent(p[0])] = decodeURIComponent(p[1]);
+ }
+
+ if (!paramMap.spec) {
+ return true;
+ }
+ return spec.getFullName().indexOf(paramMap.spec) === 0;
+};
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/test/lib/jasmine-jquery.js Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+var readFixtures = function() {
+ return jasmine.getFixtures().proxyCallTo_('read', arguments);
+};
+
+var preloadFixtures = function() {
+ jasmine.getFixtures().proxyCallTo_('preload', arguments);
+};
+
+var loadFixtures = function() {
+ jasmine.getFixtures().proxyCallTo_('load', arguments);
+};
+
+var setFixtures = function(html) {
+ jasmine.getFixtures().set(html);
+};
+
+var sandbox = function(attributes) {
+ return jasmine.getFixtures().sandbox(attributes);
+};
+
+var spyOnEvent = function(selector, eventName) {
+ jasmine.JQuery.events.spyOn(selector, eventName);
+}
+
+jasmine.getFixtures = function() {
+ return jasmine.currentFixtures_ = jasmine.currentFixtures_ || new jasmine.Fixtures();
+};
+
+jasmine.Fixtures = function() {
+ this.containerId = 'jasmine-fixtures';
+ this.fixturesCache_ = {};
+ this.fixturesPath = 'spec/javascripts/fixtures';
+};
+
+jasmine.Fixtures.prototype.set = function(html) {
+ this.cleanUp();
+ this.createContainer_(html);
+};
+
+jasmine.Fixtures.prototype.preload = function() {
+ this.read.apply(this, arguments);
+};
+
+jasmine.Fixtures.prototype.load = function() {
+ this.cleanUp();
+ this.createContainer_(this.read.apply(this, arguments));
+};
+
+jasmine.Fixtures.prototype.read = function() {
+ var htmlChunks = [];
+
+ var fixtureUrls = arguments;
+ for(var urlCount = fixtureUrls.length, urlIndex = 0; urlIndex < urlCount; urlIndex++) {
+ htmlChunks.push(this.getFixtureHtml_(fixtureUrls[urlIndex]));
+ }
+
+ return htmlChunks.join('');
+};
+
+jasmine.Fixtures.prototype.clearCache = function() {
+ this.fixturesCache_ = {};
+};
+
+jasmine.Fixtures.prototype.cleanUp = function() {
+ jQuery('#' + this.containerId).remove();
+};
+
+jasmine.Fixtures.prototype.sandbox = function(attributes) {
+ var attributesToSet = attributes || {};
+ return jQuery('<div id="sandbox" />').attr(attributesToSet);
+};
+
+jasmine.Fixtures.prototype.createContainer_ = function(html) {
+ var container;
+ if(html instanceof jQuery) {
+ container = jQuery('<div id="' + this.containerId + '" />');
+ container.html(html);
+ } else {
+ container = '<div id="' + this.containerId + '">' + html + '</div>'
+ }
+ jQuery('body').append(container);
+};
+
+jasmine.Fixtures.prototype.getFixtureHtml_ = function(url) {
+ if (typeof this.fixturesCache_[url] == 'undefined') {
+ this.loadFixtureIntoCache_(url);
+ }
+ return this.fixturesCache_[url];
+};
+
+jasmine.Fixtures.prototype.loadFixtureIntoCache_ = function(relativeUrl) {
+ var self = this;
+ var url = this.fixturesPath.match('/$') ? this.fixturesPath + relativeUrl : this.fixturesPath + '/' + relativeUrl;
+ jQuery.ajax({
+ async: false, // must be synchronous to guarantee that no tests are run before fixture is loaded
+ cache: false,
+ dataType: 'html',
+ url: url,
+ success: function(data) {
+ self.fixturesCache_[relativeUrl] = data;
+ },
+ error: function(jqXHR, status, errorThrown) {
+ throw Error('Fixture could not be loaded: ' + url + ' (status: ' + status + ', message: ' + errorThrown.message + ')');
+ }
+ });
+};
+
+jasmine.Fixtures.prototype.proxyCallTo_ = function(methodName, passedArguments) {
+ return this[methodName].apply(this, passedArguments);
+};
+
+
+jasmine.JQuery = function() {};
+
+jasmine.JQuery.browserTagCaseIndependentHtml = function(html) {
+ return jQuery('<div/>').append(html).html();
+};
+
+jasmine.JQuery.elementToString = function(element) {
+ return jQuery('<div />').append(element.clone()).html();
+};
+
+jasmine.JQuery.matchersClass = {};
+
+(function(namespace) {
+ var data = {
+ spiedEvents: {},
+ handlers: []
+ };
+
+ namespace.events = {
+ spyOn: function(selector, eventName) {
+ var handler = function(e) {
+ data.spiedEvents[[selector, eventName]] = e;
+ };
+ jQuery(selector).bind(eventName, handler);
+ data.handlers.push(handler);
+ },
+
+ wasTriggered: function(selector, eventName) {
+ return !!(data.spiedEvents[[selector, eventName]]);
+ },
+
+ cleanUp: function() {
+ data.spiedEvents = {};
+ data.handlers = [];
+ }
+ }
+})(jasmine.JQuery);
+
+(function(){
+ var jQueryMatchers = {
+ toHaveClass: function(className) {
+ return this.actual.hasClass(className);
+ },
+
+ toBeVisible: function() {
+ return this.actual.is(':visible');
+ },
+
+ toBeHidden: function() {
+ return this.actual.is(':hidden');
+ },
+
+ toBeSelected: function() {
+ return this.actual.is(':selected');
+ },
+
+ toBeChecked: function() {
+ return this.actual.is(':checked');
+ },
+
+ toBeEmpty: function() {
+ return this.actual.is(':empty');
+ },
+
+ toExist: function() {
+ return this.actual.size() > 0;
+ },
+
+ toHaveAttr: function(attributeName, expectedAttributeValue) {
+ return hasProperty(this.actual.attr(attributeName), expectedAttributeValue);
+ },
+
+ toHaveId: function(id) {
+ return this.actual.attr('id') == id;
+ },
+
+ toHaveHtml: function(html) {
+ return this.actual.html() == jasmine.JQuery.browserTagCaseIndependentHtml(html);
+ },
+
+ toHaveText: function(text) {
+ if (text && jQuery.isFunction(text.test)) {
+ return text.test(this.actual.text());
+ } else {
+ return this.actual.text() == text;
+ }
+ },
+
+ toHaveValue: function(value) {
+ return this.actual.val() == value;
+ },
+
+ toHaveData: function(key, expectedValue) {
+ return hasProperty(this.actual.data(key), expectedValue);
+ },
+
+ toBe: function(selector) {
+ return this.actual.is(selector);
+ },
+
+ toContain: function(selector) {
+ return this.actual.find(selector).size() > 0;
+ },
+
+ toBeDisabled: function(selector){
+ return this.actual.is(':disabled');
+ },
+
+ // tests the existence of a specific event binding
+ toHandle: function(eventName) {
+ var events = this.actual.data("events");
+ return events && events[eventName].length > 0;
+ },
+
+ // tests the existence of a specific event binding + handler
+ toHandleWith: function(eventName, eventHandler) {
+ var stack = this.actual.data("events")[eventName];
+ var i;
+ for (i = 0; i < stack.length; i++) {
+ if (stack[i].handler == eventHandler) {
+ return true;
+ }
+ }
+ return false;
+ }
+ };
+
+ var hasProperty = function(actualValue, expectedValue) {
+ if (expectedValue === undefined) {
+ return actualValue !== undefined;
+ }
+ return actualValue == expectedValue;
+ };
+
+ var bindMatcher = function(methodName) {
+ var builtInMatcher = jasmine.Matchers.prototype[methodName];
+
+ jasmine.JQuery.matchersClass[methodName] = function() {
+ if (this.actual instanceof jQuery) {
+ var result = jQueryMatchers[methodName].apply(this, arguments);
+ this.actual = jasmine.JQuery.elementToString(this.actual);
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ if (builtInMatcher) {
+ return builtInMatcher.apply(this, arguments);
+ }
+
+ return false;
+ };
+ };
+
+ for(var methodName in jQueryMatchers) {
+ bindMatcher(methodName);
+ }
+})();
+
+beforeEach(function() {
+ this.addMatchers(jasmine.JQuery.matchersClass);
+ this.addMatchers({
+ toHaveBeenTriggeredOn: function(selector) {
+ this.message = function() {
+ return [
+ "Expected event " + this.actual + " to have been triggered on" + selector,
+ "Expected event " + this.actual + " not to have been triggered on" + selector
+ ];
+ };
+ return jasmine.JQuery.events.wasTriggered(selector, this.actual);
+ }
+ })
+});
+
+afterEach(function() {
+ jasmine.getFixtures().cleanUp();
+ jasmine.JQuery.events.cleanUp();
+});
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/test/lib/jasmine.css Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+body {
+ font-family: "Helvetica Neue Light", "Lucida Grande", "Calibri", "Arial", sans-serif;
+}
+
+
+.jasmine_reporter a:visited, .jasmine_reporter a {
+ color: #303;
+}
+
+.jasmine_reporter a:hover, .jasmine_reporter a:active {
+ color: blue;
+}
+
+.run_spec {
+ float:right;
+ padding-right: 5px;
+ font-size: .8em;
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+.jasmine_reporter {
+ margin: 0 5px;
+}
+
+.banner {
+ color: #303;
+ background-color: #fef;
+ padding: 5px;
+}
+
+.logo {
+ float: left;
+ font-size: 1.1em;
+ padding-left: 5px;
+}
+
+.logo .version {
+ font-size: .6em;
+ padding-left: 1em;
+}
+
+.runner.running {
+ background-color: yellow;
+}
+
+
+.options {
+ text-align: right;
+ font-size: .8em;
+}
+
+
+
+
+.suite {
+ border: 1px outset gray;
+ margin: 5px 0;
+ padding-left: 1em;
+}
+
+.suite .suite {
+ margin: 5px;
+}
+
+.suite.passed {
+ background-color: #dfd;
+}
+
+.suite.failed {
+ background-color: #fdd;
+}
+
+.spec {
+ margin: 5px;
+ padding-left: 1em;
+ clear: both;
+}
+
+.spec.failed, .spec.passed, .spec.skipped {
+ padding-bottom: 5px;
+ border: 1px solid gray;
+}
+
+.spec.failed {
+ background-color: #fbb;
+ border-color: red;
+}
+
+.spec.passed {
+ background-color: #bfb;
+ border-color: green;
+}
+
+.spec.skipped {
+ background-color: #bbb;
+}
+
+.messages {
+ border-left: 1px dashed gray;
+ padding-left: 1em;
+ padding-right: 1em;
+}
+
+.passed {
+ background-color: #cfc;
+ display: none;
+}
+
+.failed {
+ background-color: #fbb;
+}
+
+.skipped {
+ color: #777;
+ background-color: #eee;
+ display: none;
+}
+
+
+/*.resultMessage {*/
+ /*white-space: pre;*/
+/*}*/
+
+.resultMessage span.result {
+ display: block;
+ line-height: 2em;
+ color: black;
+}
+
+.resultMessage .mismatch {
+ color: black;
+}
+
+.stackTrace {
+ white-space: pre;
+ font-size: .8em;
+ margin-left: 10px;
+ max-height: 5em;
+ overflow: auto;
+ border: 1px inset red;
+ padding: 1em;
+ background: #eef;
+}
+
+.finished-at {
+ padding-left: 1em;
+ font-size: .6em;
+}
+
+.show-passed .passed,
+.show-skipped .skipped {
+ display: block;
+}
+
+
+#jasmine_content {
+ position:fixed;
+ right: 100%;
+}
+
+.runner {
+ border: 1px solid gray;
+ display: block;
+ margin: 5px 0;
+ padding: 2px 0 2px 10px;
+}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/test/lib/jasmine.js Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,2477 @@
+var isCommonJS = typeof window == "undefined";
+
+/**
+ * Top level namespace for Jasmine, a lightweight JavaScript BDD/spec/testing framework.
+ *
+ * @namespace
+ */
+var jasmine = {};
+if (isCommonJS) exports.jasmine = jasmine;
+/**
+ * @private
+ */
+jasmine.unimplementedMethod_ = function() {
+ throw new Error("unimplemented method");
+};
+
+/**
+ * Use <code>jasmine.undefined</code> instead of <code>undefined</code>, since <code>undefined</code> is just
+ * a plain old variable and may be redefined by somebody else.
+ *
+ * @private
+ */
+jasmine.undefined = jasmine.___undefined___;
+
+/**
+ * Show diagnostic messages in the console if set to true
+ *
+ */
+jasmine.VERBOSE = false;
+
+/**
+ * Default interval in milliseconds for event loop yields (e.g. to allow network activity or to refresh the screen with the HTML-based runner). Small values here may result in slow test running. Zero means no updates until all tests have completed.
+ *
+ */
+jasmine.DEFAULT_UPDATE_INTERVAL = 250;
+
+/**
+ * Default timeout interval in milliseconds for waitsFor() blocks.
+ */
+jasmine.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_INTERVAL = 5000;
+
+jasmine.getGlobal = function() {
+ function getGlobal() {
+ return this;
+ }
+
+ return getGlobal();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Allows for bound functions to be compared. Internal use only.
+ *
+ * @ignore
+ * @private
+ * @param base {Object} bound 'this' for the function
+ * @param name {Function} function to find
+ */
+jasmine.bindOriginal_ = function(base, name) {
+ var original = base[name];
+ if (original.apply) {
+ return function() {
+ return original.apply(base, arguments);
+ };
+ } else {
+ // IE support
+ return jasmine.getGlobal()[name];
+ }
+};
+
+jasmine.setTimeout = jasmine.bindOriginal_(jasmine.getGlobal(), 'setTimeout');
+jasmine.clearTimeout = jasmine.bindOriginal_(jasmine.getGlobal(), 'clearTimeout');
+jasmine.setInterval = jasmine.bindOriginal_(jasmine.getGlobal(), 'setInterval');
+jasmine.clearInterval = jasmine.bindOriginal_(jasmine.getGlobal(), 'clearInterval');
+
+jasmine.MessageResult = function(values) {
+ this.type = 'log';
+ this.values = values;
+ this.trace = new Error(); // todo: test better
+};
+
+jasmine.MessageResult.prototype.toString = function() {
+ var text = "";
+ for (var i = 0; i < this.values.length; i++) {
+ if (i > 0) text += " ";
+ if (jasmine.isString_(this.values[i])) {
+ text += this.values[i];
+ } else {
+ text += jasmine.pp(this.values[i]);
+ }
+ }
+ return text;
+};
+
+jasmine.ExpectationResult = function(params) {
+ this.type = 'expect';
+ this.matcherName = params.matcherName;
+ this.passed_ = params.passed;
+ this.expected = params.expected;
+ this.actual = params.actual;
+ this.message = this.passed_ ? 'Passed.' : params.message;
+
+ var trace = (params.trace || new Error(this.message));
+ this.trace = this.passed_ ? '' : trace;
+};
+
+jasmine.ExpectationResult.prototype.toString = function () {
+ return this.message;
+};
+
+jasmine.ExpectationResult.prototype.passed = function () {
+ return this.passed_;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Getter for the Jasmine environment. Ensures one gets created
+ */
+jasmine.getEnv = function() {
+ var env = jasmine.currentEnv_ = jasmine.currentEnv_ || new jasmine.Env();
+ return env;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ * @private
+ * @param value
+ * @returns {Boolean}
+ */
+jasmine.isArray_ = function(value) {
+ return jasmine.isA_("Array", value);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ * @private
+ * @param value
+ * @returns {Boolean}
+ */
+jasmine.isString_ = function(value) {
+ return jasmine.isA_("String", value);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ * @private
+ * @param value
+ * @returns {Boolean}
+ */
+jasmine.isNumber_ = function(value) {
+ return jasmine.isA_("Number", value);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ * @private
+ * @param {String} typeName
+ * @param value
+ * @returns {Boolean}
+ */
+jasmine.isA_ = function(typeName, value) {
+ return Object.prototype.toString.apply(value) === '[object ' + typeName + ']';
+};
+
+/**
+ * Pretty printer for expecations. Takes any object and turns it into a human-readable string.
+ *
+ * @param value {Object} an object to be outputted
+ * @returns {String}
+ */
+jasmine.pp = function(value) {
+ var stringPrettyPrinter = new jasmine.StringPrettyPrinter();
+ stringPrettyPrinter.format(value);
+ return stringPrettyPrinter.string;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns true if the object is a DOM Node.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} obj object to check
+ * @returns {Boolean}
+ */
+jasmine.isDomNode = function(obj) {
+ return obj.nodeType > 0;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns a matchable 'generic' object of the class type. For use in expecations of type when values don't matter.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // don't care about which function is passed in, as long as it's a function
+ * expect(mySpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(jasmine.any(Function));
+ *
+ * @param {Class} clazz
+ * @returns matchable object of the type clazz
+ */
+jasmine.any = function(clazz) {
+ return new jasmine.Matchers.Any(clazz);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Jasmine Spies are test doubles that can act as stubs, spies, fakes or when used in an expecation, mocks.
+ *
+ * Spies should be created in test setup, before expectations. They can then be checked, using the standard Jasmine
+ * expectation syntax. Spies can be checked if they were called or not and what the calling params were.
+ *
+ * A Spy has the following fields: wasCalled, callCount, mostRecentCall, and argsForCall (see docs).
+ *
+ * Spies are torn down at the end of every spec.
+ *
+ * Note: Do <b>not</b> call new jasmine.Spy() directly - a spy must be created using spyOn, jasmine.createSpy or jasmine.createSpyObj.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // a stub
+ * var myStub = jasmine.createSpy('myStub'); // can be used anywhere
+ *
+ * // spy example
+ * var foo = {
+ * not: function(bool) { return !bool; }
+ * }
+ *
+ * // actual foo.not will not be called, execution stops
+ * spyOn(foo, 'not');
+
+ // foo.not spied upon, execution will continue to implementation
+ * spyOn(foo, 'not').andCallThrough();
+ *
+ * // fake example
+ * var foo = {
+ * not: function(bool) { return !bool; }
+ * }
+ *
+ * // foo.not(val) will return val
+ * spyOn(foo, 'not').andCallFake(function(value) {return value;});
+ *
+ * // mock example
+ * foo.not(7 == 7);
+ * expect(foo.not).toHaveBeenCalled();
+ * expect(foo.not).toHaveBeenCalledWith(true);
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ * @see spyOn, jasmine.createSpy, jasmine.createSpyObj
+ * @param {String} name
+ */
+jasmine.Spy = function(name) {
+ /**
+ * The name of the spy, if provided.
+ */
+ this.identity = name || 'unknown';
+ /**
+ * Is this Object a spy?
+ */
+ this.isSpy = true;
+ /**
+ * The actual function this spy stubs.
+ */
+ this.plan = function() {
+ };
+ /**
+ * Tracking of the most recent call to the spy.
+ * @example
+ * var mySpy = jasmine.createSpy('foo');
+ * mySpy(1, 2);
+ * mySpy.mostRecentCall.args = [1, 2];
+ */
+ this.mostRecentCall = {};
+
+ /**
+ * Holds arguments for each call to the spy, indexed by call count
+ * @example
+ * var mySpy = jasmine.createSpy('foo');
+ * mySpy(1, 2);
+ * mySpy(7, 8);
+ * mySpy.mostRecentCall.args = [7, 8];
+ * mySpy.argsForCall[0] = [1, 2];
+ * mySpy.argsForCall[1] = [7, 8];
+ */
+ this.argsForCall = [];
+ this.calls = [];
+};
+
+/**
+ * Tells a spy to call through to the actual implemenatation.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * var foo = {
+ * bar: function() { // do some stuff }
+ * }
+ *
+ * // defining a spy on an existing property: foo.bar
+ * spyOn(foo, 'bar').andCallThrough();
+ */
+jasmine.Spy.prototype.andCallThrough = function() {
+ this.plan = this.originalValue;
+ return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * For setting the return value of a spy.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // defining a spy from scratch: foo() returns 'baz'
+ * var foo = jasmine.createSpy('spy on foo').andReturn('baz');
+ *
+ * // defining a spy on an existing property: foo.bar() returns 'baz'
+ * spyOn(foo, 'bar').andReturn('baz');
+ *
+ * @param {Object} value
+ */
+jasmine.Spy.prototype.andReturn = function(value) {
+ this.plan = function() {
+ return value;
+ };
+ return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * For throwing an exception when a spy is called.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // defining a spy from scratch: foo() throws an exception w/ message 'ouch'
+ * var foo = jasmine.createSpy('spy on foo').andThrow('baz');
+ *
+ * // defining a spy on an existing property: foo.bar() throws an exception w/ message 'ouch'
+ * spyOn(foo, 'bar').andThrow('baz');
+ *
+ * @param {String} exceptionMsg
+ */
+jasmine.Spy.prototype.andThrow = function(exceptionMsg) {
+ this.plan = function() {
+ throw exceptionMsg;
+ };
+ return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Calls an alternate implementation when a spy is called.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * var baz = function() {
+ * // do some stuff, return something
+ * }
+ * // defining a spy from scratch: foo() calls the function baz
+ * var foo = jasmine.createSpy('spy on foo').andCall(baz);
+ *
+ * // defining a spy on an existing property: foo.bar() calls an anonymnous function
+ * spyOn(foo, 'bar').andCall(function() { return 'baz';} );
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fakeFunc
+ */
+jasmine.Spy.prototype.andCallFake = function(fakeFunc) {
+ this.plan = fakeFunc;
+ return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Resets all of a spy's the tracking variables so that it can be used again.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * spyOn(foo, 'bar');
+ *
+ * foo.bar();
+ *
+ * expect(foo.bar.callCount).toEqual(1);
+ *
+ * foo.bar.reset();
+ *
+ * expect(foo.bar.callCount).toEqual(0);
+ */
+jasmine.Spy.prototype.reset = function() {
+ this.wasCalled = false;
+ this.callCount = 0;
+ this.argsForCall = [];
+ this.calls = [];
+ this.mostRecentCall = {};
+};
+
+jasmine.createSpy = function(name) {
+
+ var spyObj = function() {
+ spyObj.wasCalled = true;
+ spyObj.callCount++;
+ var args = jasmine.util.argsToArray(arguments);
+ spyObj.mostRecentCall.object = this;
+ spyObj.mostRecentCall.args = args;
+ spyObj.argsForCall.push(args);
+ spyObj.calls.push({object: this, args: args});
+ return spyObj.plan.apply(this, arguments);
+ };
+
+ var spy = new jasmine.Spy(name);
+
+ for (var prop in spy) {
+ spyObj[prop] = spy[prop];
+ }
+
+ spyObj.reset();
+
+ return spyObj;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Determines whether an object is a spy.
+ *
+ * @param {jasmine.Spy|Object} putativeSpy
+ * @returns {Boolean}
+ */
+jasmine.isSpy = function(putativeSpy) {
+ return putativeSpy && putativeSpy.isSpy;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Creates a more complicated spy: an Object that has every property a function that is a spy. Used for stubbing something
+ * large in one call.
+ *
+ * @param {String} baseName name of spy class
+ * @param {Array} methodNames array of names of methods to make spies
+ */
+jasmine.createSpyObj = function(baseName, methodNames) {
+ if (!jasmine.isArray_(methodNames) || methodNames.length === 0) {
+ throw new Error('createSpyObj requires a non-empty array of method names to create spies for');
+ }
+ var obj = {};
+ for (var i = 0; i < methodNames.length; i++) {
+ obj[methodNames[i]] = jasmine.createSpy(baseName + '.' + methodNames[i]);
+ }
+ return obj;
+};
+
+/**
+ * All parameters are pretty-printed and concatenated together, then written to the current spec's output.
+ *
+ * Be careful not to leave calls to <code>jasmine.log</code> in production code.
+ */
+jasmine.log = function() {
+ var spec = jasmine.getEnv().currentSpec;
+ spec.log.apply(spec, arguments);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Function that installs a spy on an existing object's method name. Used within a Spec to create a spy.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // spy example
+ * var foo = {
+ * not: function(bool) { return !bool; }
+ * }
+ * spyOn(foo, 'not'); // actual foo.not will not be called, execution stops
+ *
+ * @see jasmine.createSpy
+ * @param obj
+ * @param methodName
+ * @returns a Jasmine spy that can be chained with all spy methods
+ */
+var spyOn = function(obj, methodName) {
+ return jasmine.getEnv().currentSpec.spyOn(obj, methodName);
+};
+if (isCommonJS) exports.spyOn = spyOn;
+
+/**
+ * Creates a Jasmine spec that will be added to the current suite.
+ *
+ * // TODO: pending tests
+ *
+ * @example
+ * it('should be true', function() {
+ * expect(true).toEqual(true);
+ * });
+ *
+ * @param {String} desc description of this specification
+ * @param {Function} func defines the preconditions and expectations of the spec
+ */
+var it = function(desc, func) {
+ return jasmine.getEnv().it(desc, func);
+};
+if (isCommonJS) exports.it = it;
+
+/**
+ * Creates a <em>disabled</em> Jasmine spec.
+ *
+ * A convenience method that allows existing specs to be disabled temporarily during development.
+ *
+ * @param {String} desc description of this specification
+ * @param {Function} func defines the preconditions and expectations of the spec
+ */
+var xit = function(desc, func) {
+ return jasmine.getEnv().xit(desc, func);
+};
+if (isCommonJS) exports.xit = xit;
+
+/**
+ * Starts a chain for a Jasmine expectation.
+ *
+ * It is passed an Object that is the actual value and should chain to one of the many
+ * jasmine.Matchers functions.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} actual Actual value to test against and expected value
+ */
+var expect = function(actual) {
+ return jasmine.getEnv().currentSpec.expect(actual);
+};
+if (isCommonJS) exports.expect = expect;
+
+/**
+ * Defines part of a jasmine spec. Used in cominbination with waits or waitsFor in asynchrnous specs.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} func Function that defines part of a jasmine spec.
+ */
+var runs = function(func) {
+ jasmine.getEnv().currentSpec.runs(func);
+};
+if (isCommonJS) exports.runs = runs;
+
+/**
+ * Waits a fixed time period before moving to the next block.
+ *
+ * @deprecated Use waitsFor() instead
+ * @param {Number} timeout milliseconds to wait
+ */
+var waits = function(timeout) {
+ jasmine.getEnv().currentSpec.waits(timeout);
+};
+if (isCommonJS) exports.waits = waits;
+
+/**
+ * Waits for the latchFunction to return true before proceeding to the next block.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} latchFunction
+ * @param {String} optional_timeoutMessage
+ * @param {Number} optional_timeout
+ */
+var waitsFor = function(latchFunction, optional_timeoutMessage, optional_timeout) {
+ jasmine.getEnv().currentSpec.waitsFor.apply(jasmine.getEnv().currentSpec, arguments);
+};
+if (isCommonJS) exports.waitsFor = waitsFor;
+
+/**
+ * A function that is called before each spec in a suite.
+ *
+ * Used for spec setup, including validating assumptions.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} beforeEachFunction
+ */
+var beforeEach = function(beforeEachFunction) {
+ jasmine.getEnv().beforeEach(beforeEachFunction);
+};
+if (isCommonJS) exports.beforeEach = beforeEach;
+
+/**
+ * A function that is called after each spec in a suite.
+ *
+ * Used for restoring any state that is hijacked during spec execution.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} afterEachFunction
+ */
+var afterEach = function(afterEachFunction) {
+ jasmine.getEnv().afterEach(afterEachFunction);
+};
+if (isCommonJS) exports.afterEach = afterEach;
+
+/**
+ * Defines a suite of specifications.
+ *
+ * Stores the description and all defined specs in the Jasmine environment as one suite of specs. Variables declared
+ * are accessible by calls to beforeEach, it, and afterEach. Describe blocks can be nested, allowing for specialization
+ * of setup in some tests.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // TODO: a simple suite
+ *
+ * // TODO: a simple suite with a nested describe block
+ *
+ * @param {String} description A string, usually the class under test.
+ * @param {Function} specDefinitions function that defines several specs.
+ */
+var describe = function(description, specDefinitions) {
+ return jasmine.getEnv().describe(description, specDefinitions);
+};
+if (isCommonJS) exports.describe = describe;
+
+/**
+ * Disables a suite of specifications. Used to disable some suites in a file, or files, temporarily during development.
+ *
+ * @param {String} description A string, usually the class under test.
+ * @param {Function} specDefinitions function that defines several specs.
+ */
+var xdescribe = function(description, specDefinitions) {
+ return jasmine.getEnv().xdescribe(description, specDefinitions);
+};
+if (isCommonJS) exports.xdescribe = xdescribe;
+
+
+// Provide the XMLHttpRequest class for IE 5.x-6.x:
+jasmine.XmlHttpRequest = (typeof XMLHttpRequest == "undefined") ? function() {
+ function tryIt(f) {
+ try {
+ return f();
+ } catch(e) {
+ }
+ return null;
+ }
+
+ var xhr = tryIt(function() {
+ return new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP.6.0");
+ }) ||
+ tryIt(function() {
+ return new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP.3.0");
+ }) ||
+ tryIt(function() {
+ return new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");
+ }) ||
+ tryIt(function() {
+ return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
+ });
+
+ if (!xhr) throw new Error("This browser does not support XMLHttpRequest.");
+
+ return xhr;
+} : XMLHttpRequest;
+/**
+ * @namespace
+ */
+jasmine.util = {};
+
+/**
+ * Declare that a child class inherit it's prototype from the parent class.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Function} childClass
+ * @param {Function} parentClass
+ */
+jasmine.util.inherit = function(childClass, parentClass) {
+ /**
+ * @private
+ */
+ var subclass = function() {
+ };
+ subclass.prototype = parentClass.prototype;
+ childClass.prototype = new subclass();
+};
+
+jasmine.util.formatException = function(e) {
+ var lineNumber;
+ if (e.line) {
+ lineNumber = e.line;
+ }
+ else if (e.lineNumber) {
+ lineNumber = e.lineNumber;
+ }
+
+ var file;
+
+ if (e.sourceURL) {
+ file = e.sourceURL;
+ }
+ else if (e.fileName) {
+ file = e.fileName;
+ }
+
+ var message = (e.name && e.message) ? (e.name + ': ' + e.message) : e.toString();
+
+ if (file && lineNumber) {
+ message += ' in ' + file + ' (line ' + lineNumber + ')';
+ }
+
+ return message;
+};
+
+jasmine.util.htmlEscape = function(str) {
+ if (!str) return str;
+ return str.replace(/&/g, '&')
+ .replace(/</g, '<')
+ .replace(/>/g, '>');
+};
+
+jasmine.util.argsToArray = function(args) {
+ var arrayOfArgs = [];
+ for (var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) arrayOfArgs.push(args[i]);
+ return arrayOfArgs;
+};
+
+jasmine.util.extend = function(destination, source) {
+ for (var property in source) destination[property] = source[property];
+ return destination;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Environment for Jasmine
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ */
+jasmine.Env = function() {
+ this.currentSpec = null;
+ this.currentSuite = null;
+ this.currentRunner_ = new jasmine.Runner(this);
+
+ this.reporter = new jasmine.MultiReporter();
+
+ this.updateInterval = jasmine.DEFAULT_UPDATE_INTERVAL;
+ this.defaultTimeoutInterval = jasmine.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_INTERVAL;
+ this.lastUpdate = 0;
+ this.specFilter = function() {
+ return true;
+ };
+
+ this.nextSpecId_ = 0;
+ this.nextSuiteId_ = 0;
+ this.equalityTesters_ = [];
+
+ // wrap matchers
+ this.matchersClass = function() {
+ jasmine.Matchers.apply(this, arguments);
+ };
+ jasmine.util.inherit(this.matchersClass, jasmine.Matchers);
+
+ jasmine.Matchers.wrapInto_(jasmine.Matchers.prototype, this.matchersClass);
+};
+
+
+jasmine.Env.prototype.setTimeout = jasmine.setTimeout;
+jasmine.Env.prototype.clearTimeout = jasmine.clearTimeout;
+jasmine.Env.prototype.setInterval = jasmine.setInterval;
+jasmine.Env.prototype.clearInterval = jasmine.clearInterval;
+
+/**
+ * @returns an object containing jasmine version build info, if set.
+ */
+jasmine.Env.prototype.version = function () {
+ if (jasmine.version_) {
+ return jasmine.version_;
+ } else {
+ throw new Error('Version not set');
+ }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @returns string containing jasmine version build info, if set.
+ */
+jasmine.Env.prototype.versionString = function() {
+ if (!jasmine.version_) {
+ return "version unknown";
+ }
+
+ var version = this.version();
+ var versionString = version.major + "." + version.minor + "." + version.build;
+ if (version.release_candidate) {
+ versionString += ".rc" + version.release_candidate
+ }
+ versionString += " revision " + version.revision;
+ return versionString;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @returns a sequential integer starting at 0
+ */
+jasmine.Env.prototype.nextSpecId = function () {
+ return this.nextSpecId_++;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @returns a sequential integer starting at 0
+ */
+jasmine.Env.prototype.nextSuiteId = function () {
+ return this.nextSuiteId_++;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Register a reporter to receive status updates from Jasmine.
+ * @param {jasmine.Reporter} reporter An object which will receive status updates.
+ */
+jasmine.Env.prototype.addReporter = function(reporter) {
+ this.reporter.addReporter(reporter);
+};
+
+jasmine.Env.prototype.execute = function() {
+ this.currentRunner_.execute();
+};
+
+jasmine.Env.prototype.describe = function(description, specDefinitions) {
+ var suite = new jasmine.Suite(this, description, specDefinitions, this.currentSuite);
+
+ var parentSuite = this.currentSuite;
+ if (parentSuite) {
+ parentSuite.add(suite);
+ } else {
+ this.currentRunner_.add(suite);
+ }
+
+ this.currentSuite = suite;
+
+ var declarationError = null;
+ try {
+ specDefinitions.call(suite);
+ } catch(e) {
+ declarationError = e;
+ }
+
+ if (declarationError) {
+ this.it("encountered a declaration exception", function() {
+ throw declarationError;
+ });
+ }
+
+ this.currentSuite = parentSuite;
+
+ return suite;
+};
+
+jasmine.Env.prototype.beforeEach = function(beforeEachFunction) {
+ if (this.currentSuite) {
+ this.currentSuite.beforeEach(beforeEachFunction);
+ } else {
+ this.currentRunner_.beforeEach(beforeEachFunction);
+ }
+};
+
+jasmine.Env.prototype.currentRunner = function () {
+ return this.currentRunner_;
+};
+
+jasmine.Env.prototype.afterEach = function(afterEachFunction) {
+ if (this.currentSuite) {
+ this.currentSuite.afterEach(afterEachFunction);
+ } else {
+ this.currentRunner_.afterEach(afterEachFunction);
+ }
+
+};
+
+jasmine.Env.prototype.xdescribe = function(desc, specDefinitions) {
+ return {
+ execute: function() {
+ }
+ };
+};
+
+jasmine.Env.prototype.it = function(description, func) {
+ var spec = new jasmine.Spec(this, this.currentSuite, description);
+ this.currentSuite.add(spec);
+ this.currentSpec = spec;
+
+ if (func) {
+ spec.runs(func);
+ }
+
+ return spec;
+};
+
+jasmine.Env.prototype.xit = function(desc, func) {
+ return {
+ id: this.nextSpecId(),
+ runs: function() {
+ }
+ };
+};
+
+jasmine.Env.prototype.compareObjects_ = function(a, b, mismatchKeys, mismatchValues) {
+ if (a.__Jasmine_been_here_before__ === b && b.__Jasmine_been_here_before__ === a) {
+ return true;
+ }
+
+ a.__Jasmine_been_here_before__ = b;
+ b.__Jasmine_been_here_before__ = a;
+
+ var hasKey = function(obj, keyName) {
+ return obj !== null && obj[keyName] !== jasmine.undefined;
+ };
+
+ for (var property in b) {
+ if (!hasKey(a, property) && hasKey(b, property)) {
+ mismatchKeys.push("expected has key '" + property + "', but missing from actual.");
+ }
+ }
+ for (property in a) {
+ if (!hasKey(b, property) && hasKey(a, property)) {
+ mismatchKeys.push("expected missing key '" + property + "', but present in actual.");
+ }
+ }
+ for (property in b) {
+ if (property == '__Jasmine_been_here_before__') continue;
+ if (!this.equals_(a[property], b[property], mismatchKeys, mismatchValues)) {
+ mismatchValues.push("'" + property + "' was '" + (b[property] ? jasmine.util.htmlEscape(b[property].toString()) : b[property]) + "' in expected, but was '" + (a[property] ? jasmine.util.htmlEscape(a[property].toString()) : a[property]) + "' in actual.");
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (jasmine.isArray_(a) && jasmine.isArray_(b) && a.length != b.length) {
+ mismatchValues.push("arrays were not the same length");
+ }
+
+ delete a.__Jasmine_been_here_before__;
+ delete b.__Jasmine_been_here_before__;
+ return (mismatchKeys.length === 0 && mismatchValues.length === 0);
+};
+
+jasmine.Env.prototype.equals_ = function(a, b, mismatchKeys, mismatchValues) {
+ mismatchKeys = mismatchKeys || [];
+ mismatchValues = mismatchValues || [];
+
+ for (var i = 0; i < this.equalityTesters_.length; i++) {
+ var equalityTester = this.equalityTesters_[i];
+ var result = equalityTester(a, b, this, mismatchKeys, mismatchValues);
+ if (result !== jasmine.undefined) return result;
+ }
+
+ if (a === b) return true;
+
+ if (a === jasmine.undefined || a === null || b === jasmine.undefined || b === null) {
+ return (a == jasmine.undefined && b == jasmine.undefined);
+ }
+
+ if (jasmine.isDomNode(a) && jasmine.isDomNode(b)) {
+ return a === b;
+ }
+
+ if (a instanceof Date && b instanceof Date) {
+ return a.getTime() == b.getTime();
+ }
+
+ if (a instanceof jasmine.Matchers.Any) {
+ return a.matches(b);
+ }
+
+ if (b instanceof jasmine.Matchers.Any) {
+ return b.matches(a);
+ }
+
+ if (jasmine.isString_(a) && jasmine.isString_(b)) {
+ return (a == b);
+ }
+
+ if (jasmine.isNumber_(a) && jasmine.isNumber_(b)) {
+ return (a == b);
+ }
+
+ if (typeof a === "object" && typeof b === "object") {
+ return this.compareObjects_(a, b, mismatchKeys, mismatchValues);
+ }
+
+ //Straight check
+ return (a === b);
+};
+
+jasmine.Env.prototype.contains_ = function(haystack, needle) {
+ if (jasmine.isArray_(haystack)) {
+ for (var i = 0; i < haystack.length; i++) {
+ if (this.equals_(haystack[i], needle)) return true;
+ }
+ return false;
+ }
+ return haystack.indexOf(needle) >= 0;
+};
+
+jasmine.Env.prototype.addEqualityTester = function(equalityTester) {
+ this.equalityTesters_.push(equalityTester);
+};
+/** No-op base class for Jasmine reporters.
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ */
+jasmine.Reporter = function() {
+};
+
+//noinspection JSUnusedLocalSymbols
+jasmine.Reporter.prototype.reportRunnerStarting = function(runner) {
+};
+
+//noinspection JSUnusedLocalSymbols
+jasmine.Reporter.prototype.reportRunnerResults = function(runner) {
+};
+
+//noinspection JSUnusedLocalSymbols
+jasmine.Reporter.prototype.reportSuiteResults = function(suite) {
+};
+
+//noinspection JSUnusedLocalSymbols
+jasmine.Reporter.prototype.reportSpecStarting = function(spec) {
+};
+
+//noinspection JSUnusedLocalSymbols
+jasmine.Reporter.prototype.reportSpecResults = function(spec) {
+};
+
+//noinspection JSUnusedLocalSymbols
+jasmine.Reporter.prototype.log = function(str) {
+};
+
+/**
+ * Blocks are functions with executable code that make up a spec.
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {jasmine.Env} env
+ * @param {Function} func
+ * @param {jasmine.Spec} spec
+ */
+jasmine.Block = function(env, func, spec) {
+ this.env = env;
+ this.func = func;
+ this.spec = spec;
+};
+
+jasmine.Block.prototype.execute = function(onComplete) {
+ try {
+ this.func.apply(this.spec);
+ } catch (e) {
+ this.spec.fail(e);
+ }
+ onComplete();
+};
+/** JavaScript API reporter.
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ */
+jasmine.JsApiReporter = function() {
+ this.started = false;
+ this.finished = false;
+ this.suites_ = [];
+ this.results_ = {};
+};
+
+jasmine.JsApiReporter.prototype.reportRunnerStarting = function(runner) {
+ this.started = true;
+ var suites = runner.topLevelSuites();
+ for (var i = 0; i < suites.length; i++) {
+ var suite = suites[i];
+ this.suites_.push(this.summarize_(suite));
+ }
+};
+
+jasmine.JsApiReporter.prototype.suites = function() {
+ return this.suites_;
+};
+
+jasmine.JsApiReporter.prototype.summarize_ = function(suiteOrSpec) {
+ var isSuite = suiteOrSpec instanceof jasmine.Suite;
+ var summary = {
+ id: suiteOrSpec.id,
+ name: suiteOrSpec.description,
+ type: isSuite ? 'suite' : 'spec',
+ children: []
+ };
+
+ if (isSuite) {
+ var children = suiteOrSpec.children();
+ for (var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
+ summary.children.push(this.summarize_(children[i]));
+ }
+ }
+ return summary;
+};
+
+jasmine.JsApiReporter.prototype.results = function() {
+ return this.results_;
+};
+
+jasmine.JsApiReporter.prototype.resultsForSpec = function(specId) {
+ return this.results_[specId];
+};
+
+//noinspection JSUnusedLocalSymbols
+jasmine.JsApiReporter.prototype.reportRunnerResults = function(runner) {
+ this.finished = true;
+};
+
+//noinspection JSUnusedLocalSymbols
+jasmine.JsApiReporter.prototype.reportSuiteResults = function(suite) {
+};
+
+//noinspection JSUnusedLocalSymbols
+jasmine.JsApiReporter.prototype.reportSpecResults = function(spec) {
+ this.results_[spec.id] = {
+ messages: spec.results().getItems(),
+ result: spec.results().failedCount > 0 ? "failed" : "passed"
+ };
+};
+
+//noinspection JSUnusedLocalSymbols
+jasmine.JsApiReporter.prototype.log = function(str) {
+};
+
+jasmine.JsApiReporter.prototype.resultsForSpecs = function(specIds){
+ var results = {};
+ for (var i = 0; i < specIds.length; i++) {
+ var specId = specIds[i];
+ results[specId] = this.summarizeResult_(this.results_[specId]);
+ }
+ return results;
+};
+
+jasmine.JsApiReporter.prototype.summarizeResult_ = function(result){
+ var summaryMessages = [];
+ var messagesLength = result.messages.length;
+ for (var messageIndex = 0; messageIndex < messagesLength; messageIndex++) {
+ var resultMessage = result.messages[messageIndex];
+ summaryMessages.push({
+ text: resultMessage.type == 'log' ? resultMessage.toString() : jasmine.undefined,
+ passed: resultMessage.passed ? resultMessage.passed() : true,
+ type: resultMessage.type,
+ message: resultMessage.message,
+ trace: {
+ stack: resultMessage.passed && !resultMessage.passed() ? resultMessage.trace.stack : jasmine.undefined
+ }
+ });
+ }
+
+ return {
+ result : result.result,
+ messages : summaryMessages
+ };
+};
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {jasmine.Env} env
+ * @param actual
+ * @param {jasmine.Spec} spec
+ */
+jasmine.Matchers = function(env, actual, spec, opt_isNot) {
+ this.env = env;
+ this.actual = actual;
+ this.spec = spec;
+ this.isNot = opt_isNot || false;
+ this.reportWasCalled_ = false;
+};
+
+// todo: @deprecated as of Jasmine 0.11, remove soon [xw]
+jasmine.Matchers.pp = function(str) {
+ throw new Error("jasmine.Matchers.pp() is no longer supported, please use jasmine.pp() instead!");
+};
+
+// todo: @deprecated Deprecated as of Jasmine 0.10. Rewrite your custom matchers to return true or false. [xw]
+jasmine.Matchers.prototype.report = function(result, failing_message, details) {
+ throw new Error("As of jasmine 0.11, custom matchers must be implemented differently -- please see jasmine docs");
+};
+
+jasmine.Matchers.wrapInto_ = function(prototype, matchersClass) {
+ for (var methodName in prototype) {
+ if (methodName == 'report') continue;
+ var orig = prototype[methodName];
+ matchersClass.prototype[methodName] = jasmine.Matchers.matcherFn_(methodName, orig);
+ }
+};
+
+jasmine.Matchers.matcherFn_ = function(matcherName, matcherFunction) {
+ return function() {
+ var matcherArgs = jasmine.util.argsToArray(arguments);
+ var result = matcherFunction.apply(this, arguments);
+
+ if (this.isNot) {
+ result = !result;
+ }
+
+ if (this.reportWasCalled_) return result;
+
+ var message;
+ if (!result) {
+ if (this.message) {
+ message = this.message.apply(this, arguments);
+ if (jasmine.isArray_(message)) {
+ message = message[this.isNot ? 1 : 0];
+ }
+ } else {
+ var englishyPredicate = matcherName.replace(/[A-Z]/g, function(s) { return ' ' + s.toLowerCase(); });
+ message = "Expected " + jasmine.pp(this.actual) + (this.isNot ? " not " : " ") + englishyPredicate;
+ if (matcherArgs.length > 0) {
+ for (var i = 0; i < matcherArgs.length; i++) {
+ if (i > 0) message += ",";
+ message += " " + jasmine.pp(matcherArgs[i]);
+ }
+ }
+ message += ".";
+ }
+ }
+ var expectationResult = new jasmine.ExpectationResult({
+ matcherName: matcherName,
+ passed: result,
+ expected: matcherArgs.length > 1 ? matcherArgs : matcherArgs[0],
+ actual: this.actual,
+ message: message
+ });
+ this.spec.addMatcherResult(expectationResult);
+ return jasmine.undefined;
+ };
+};
+
+
+
+
+/**
+ * toBe: compares the actual to the expected using ===
+ * @param expected
+ */
+jasmine.Matchers.prototype.toBe = function(expected) {
+ return this.actual === expected;
+};
+
+/**
+ * toNotBe: compares the actual to the expected using !==
+ * @param expected
+ * @deprecated as of 1.0. Use not.toBe() instead.
+ */
+jasmine.Matchers.prototype.toNotBe = function(expected) {
+ return this.actual !== expected;
+};
+
+/**
+ * toEqual: compares the actual to the expected using common sense equality. Handles Objects, Arrays, etc.
+ *
+ * @param expected
+ */
+jasmine.Matchers.prototype.toEqual = function(expected) {
+ return this.env.equals_(this.actual, expected);
+};
+
+/**
+ * toNotEqual: compares the actual to the expected using the ! of jasmine.Matchers.toEqual
+ * @param expected
+ * @deprecated as of 1.0. Use not.toNotEqual() instead.
+ */
+jasmine.Matchers.prototype.toNotEqual = function(expected) {
+ return !this.env.equals_(this.actual, expected);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Matcher that compares the actual to the expected using a regular expression. Constructs a RegExp, so takes
+ * a pattern or a String.
+ *
+ * @param expected
+ */
+jasmine.Matchers.prototype.toMatch = function(expected) {
+ return new RegExp(expected).test(this.actual);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Matcher that compares the actual to the expected using the boolean inverse of jasmine.Matchers.toMatch
+ * @param expected
+ * @deprecated as of 1.0. Use not.toMatch() instead.
+ */
+jasmine.Matchers.prototype.toNotMatch = function(expected) {
+ return !(new RegExp(expected).test(this.actual));
+};
+
+/**
+ * Matcher that compares the actual to jasmine.undefined.
+ */
+jasmine.Matchers.prototype.toBeDefined = function() {
+ return (this.actual !== jasmine.undefined);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Matcher that compares the actual to jasmine.undefined.
+ */
+jasmine.Matchers.prototype.toBeUndefined = function() {
+ return (this.actual === jasmine.undefined);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Matcher that compares the actual to null.
+ */
+jasmine.Matchers.prototype.toBeNull = function() {
+ return (this.actual === null);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Matcher that boolean not-nots the actual.
+ */
+jasmine.Matchers.prototype.toBeTruthy = function() {
+ return !!this.actual;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Matcher that boolean nots the actual.
+ */
+jasmine.Matchers.prototype.toBeFalsy = function() {
+ return !this.actual;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Matcher that checks to see if the actual, a Jasmine spy, was called.
+ */
+jasmine.Matchers.prototype.toHaveBeenCalled = function() {
+ if (arguments.length > 0) {
+ throw new Error('toHaveBeenCalled does not take arguments, use toHaveBeenCalledWith');
+ }
+
+ if (!jasmine.isSpy(this.actual)) {
+ throw new Error('Expected a spy, but got ' + jasmine.pp(this.actual) + '.');
+ }
+
+ this.message = function() {
+ return [
+ "Expected spy " + this.actual.identity + " to have been called.",
+ "Expected spy " + this.actual.identity + " not to have been called."
+ ];
+ };
+
+ return this.actual.wasCalled;
+};
+
+/** @deprecated Use expect(xxx).toHaveBeenCalled() instead */
+jasmine.Matchers.prototype.wasCalled = jasmine.Matchers.prototype.toHaveBeenCalled;
+
+/**
+ * Matcher that checks to see if the actual, a Jasmine spy, was not called.
+ *
+ * @deprecated Use expect(xxx).not.toHaveBeenCalled() instead
+ */
+jasmine.Matchers.prototype.wasNotCalled = function() {
+ if (arguments.length > 0) {
+ throw new Error('wasNotCalled does not take arguments');
+ }
+
+ if (!jasmine.isSpy(this.actual)) {
+ throw new Error('Expected a spy, but got ' + jasmine.pp(this.actual) + '.');
+ }
+
+ this.message = function() {
+ return [
+ "Expected spy " + this.actual.identity + " to not have been called.",
+ "Expected spy " + this.actual.identity + " to have been called."
+ ];
+ };
+
+ return !this.actual.wasCalled;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Matcher that checks to see if the actual, a Jasmine spy, was called with a set of parameters.
+ *
+ * @example
+ *
+ */
+jasmine.Matchers.prototype.toHaveBeenCalledWith = function() {
+ var expectedArgs = jasmine.util.argsToArray(arguments);
+ if (!jasmine.isSpy(this.actual)) {
+ throw new Error('Expected a spy, but got ' + jasmine.pp(this.actual) + '.');
+ }
+ this.message = function() {
+ if (this.actual.callCount === 0) {
+ // todo: what should the failure message for .not.toHaveBeenCalledWith() be? is this right? test better. [xw]
+ return [
+ "Expected spy " + this.actual.identity + " to have been called with " + jasmine.pp(expectedArgs) + " but it was never called.",
+ "Expected spy " + this.actual.identity + " not to have been called with " + jasmine.pp(expectedArgs) + " but it was."
+ ];
+ } else {
+ return [
+ "Expected spy " + this.actual.identity + " to have been called with " + jasmine.pp(expectedArgs) + " but was called with " + jasmine.pp(this.actual.argsForCall),
+ "Expected spy " + this.actual.identity + " not to have been called with " + jasmine.pp(expectedArgs) + " but was called with " + jasmine.pp(this.actual.argsForCall)
+ ];
+ }
+ };
+
+ return this.env.contains_(this.actual.argsForCall, expectedArgs);
+};
+
+/** @deprecated Use expect(xxx).toHaveBeenCalledWith() instead */
+jasmine.Matchers.prototype.wasCalledWith = jasmine.Matchers.prototype.toHaveBeenCalledWith;
+
+/** @deprecated Use expect(xxx).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith() instead */
+jasmine.Matchers.prototype.wasNotCalledWith = function() {
+ var expectedArgs = jasmine.util.argsToArray(arguments);
+ if (!jasmine.isSpy(this.actual)) {
+ throw new Error('Expected a spy, but got ' + jasmine.pp(this.actual) + '.');
+ }
+
+ this.message = function() {
+ return [
+ "Expected spy not to have been called with " + jasmine.pp(expectedArgs) + " but it was",
+ "Expected spy to have been called with " + jasmine.pp(expectedArgs) + " but it was"
+ ];
+ };
+
+ return !this.env.contains_(this.actual.argsForCall, expectedArgs);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Matcher that checks that the expected item is an element in the actual Array.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} expected
+ */
+jasmine.Matchers.prototype.toContain = function(expected) {
+ return this.env.contains_(this.actual, expected);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Matcher that checks that the expected item is NOT an element in the actual Array.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} expected
+ * @deprecated as of 1.0. Use not.toNotContain() instead.
+ */
+jasmine.Matchers.prototype.toNotContain = function(expected) {
+ return !this.env.contains_(this.actual, expected);
+};
+
+jasmine.Matchers.prototype.toBeLessThan = function(expected) {
+ return this.actual < expected;
+};
+
+jasmine.Matchers.prototype.toBeGreaterThan = function(expected) {
+ return this.actual > expected;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Matcher that checks that the expected item is equal to the actual item
+ * up to a given level of decimal precision (default 2).
+ *
+ * @param {Number} expected
+ * @param {Number} precision
+ */
+jasmine.Matchers.prototype.toBeCloseTo = function(expected, precision) {
+ if (!(precision === 0)) {
+ precision = precision || 2;
+ }
+ var multiplier = Math.pow(10, precision);
+ var actual = Math.round(this.actual * multiplier);
+ expected = Math.round(expected * multiplier);
+ return expected == actual;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Matcher that checks that the expected exception was thrown by the actual.
+ *
+ * @param {String} expected
+ */
+jasmine.Matchers.prototype.toThrow = function(expected) {
+ var result = false;
+ var exception;
+ if (typeof this.actual != 'function') {
+ throw new Error('Actual is not a function');
+ }
+ try {
+ this.actual();
+ } catch (e) {
+ exception = e;
+ }
+ if (exception) {
+ result = (expected === jasmine.undefined || this.env.equals_(exception.message || exception, expected.message || expected));
+ }
+
+ var not = this.isNot ? "not " : "";
+
+ this.message = function() {
+ if (exception && (expected === jasmine.undefined || !this.env.equals_(exception.message || exception, expected.message || expected))) {
+ return ["Expected function " + not + "to throw", expected ? expected.message || expected : "an exception", ", but it threw", exception.message || exception].join(' ');
+ } else {
+ return "Expected function to throw an exception.";
+ }
+ };
+
+ return result;
+};
+
+jasmine.Matchers.Any = function(expectedClass) {
+ this.expectedClass = expectedClass;
+};
+
+jasmine.Matchers.Any.prototype.matches = function(other) {
+ if (this.expectedClass == String) {
+ return typeof other == 'string' || other instanceof String;
+ }
+
+ if (this.expectedClass == Number) {
+ return typeof other == 'number' || other instanceof Number;
+ }
+
+ if (this.expectedClass == Function) {
+ return typeof other == 'function' || other instanceof Function;
+ }
+
+ if (this.expectedClass == Object) {
+ return typeof other == 'object';
+ }
+
+ return other instanceof this.expectedClass;
+};
+
+jasmine.Matchers.Any.prototype.toString = function() {
+ return '<jasmine.any(' + this.expectedClass + ')>';
+};
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ */
+jasmine.MultiReporter = function() {
+ this.subReporters_ = [];
+};
+jasmine.util.inherit(jasmine.MultiReporter, jasmine.Reporter);
+
+jasmine.MultiReporter.prototype.addReporter = function(reporter) {
+ this.subReporters_.push(reporter);
+};
+
+(function() {
+ var functionNames = [
+ "reportRunnerStarting",
+ "reportRunnerResults",
+ "reportSuiteResults",
+ "reportSpecStarting",
+ "reportSpecResults",
+ "log"
+ ];
+ for (var i = 0; i < functionNames.length; i++) {
+ var functionName = functionNames[i];
+ jasmine.MultiReporter.prototype[functionName] = (function(functionName) {
+ return function() {
+ for (var j = 0; j < this.subReporters_.length; j++) {
+ var subReporter = this.subReporters_[j];
+ if (subReporter[functionName]) {
+ subReporter[functionName].apply(subReporter, arguments);
+ }
+ }
+ };
+ })(functionName);
+ }
+})();
+/**
+ * Holds results for a set of Jasmine spec. Allows for the results array to hold another jasmine.NestedResults
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ */
+jasmine.NestedResults = function() {
+ /**
+ * The total count of results
+ */
+ this.totalCount = 0;
+ /**
+ * Number of passed results
+ */
+ this.passedCount = 0;
+ /**
+ * Number of failed results
+ */
+ this.failedCount = 0;
+ /**
+ * Was this suite/spec skipped?
+ */
+ this.skipped = false;
+ /**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+ this.items_ = [];
+};
+
+/**
+ * Roll up the result counts.
+ *
+ * @param result
+ */
+jasmine.NestedResults.prototype.rollupCounts = function(result) {
+ this.totalCount += result.totalCount;
+ this.passedCount += result.passedCount;
+ this.failedCount += result.failedCount;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Adds a log message.
+ * @param values Array of message parts which will be concatenated later.
+ */
+jasmine.NestedResults.prototype.log = function(values) {
+ this.items_.push(new jasmine.MessageResult(values));
+};
+
+/**
+ * Getter for the results: message & results.
+ */
+jasmine.NestedResults.prototype.getItems = function() {
+ return this.items_;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Adds a result, tracking counts (total, passed, & failed)
+ * @param {jasmine.ExpectationResult|jasmine.NestedResults} result
+ */
+jasmine.NestedResults.prototype.addResult = function(result) {
+ if (result.type != 'log') {
+ if (result.items_) {
+ this.rollupCounts(result);
+ } else {
+ this.totalCount++;
+ if (result.passed()) {
+ this.passedCount++;
+ } else {
+ this.failedCount++;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ this.items_.push(result);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @returns {Boolean} True if <b>everything</b> below passed
+ */
+jasmine.NestedResults.prototype.passed = function() {
+ return this.passedCount === this.totalCount;
+};
+/**
+ * Base class for pretty printing for expectation results.
+ */
+jasmine.PrettyPrinter = function() {
+ this.ppNestLevel_ = 0;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Formats a value in a nice, human-readable string.
+ *
+ * @param value
+ */
+jasmine.PrettyPrinter.prototype.format = function(value) {
+ if (this.ppNestLevel_ > 40) {
+ throw new Error('jasmine.PrettyPrinter: format() nested too deeply!');
+ }
+
+ this.ppNestLevel_++;
+ try {
+ if (value === jasmine.undefined) {
+ this.emitScalar('undefined');
+ } else if (value === null) {
+ this.emitScalar('null');
+ } else if (value === jasmine.getGlobal()) {
+ this.emitScalar('<global>');
+ } else if (value instanceof jasmine.Matchers.Any) {
+ this.emitScalar(value.toString());
+ } else if (typeof value === 'string') {
+ this.emitString(value);
+ } else if (jasmine.isSpy(value)) {
+ this.emitScalar("spy on " + value.identity);
+ } else if (value instanceof RegExp) {
+ this.emitScalar(value.toString());
+ } else if (typeof value === 'function') {
+ this.emitScalar('Function');
+ } else if (typeof value.nodeType === 'number') {
+ this.emitScalar('HTMLNode');
+ } else if (value instanceof Date) {
+ this.emitScalar('Date(' + value + ')');
+ } else if (value.__Jasmine_been_here_before__) {
+ this.emitScalar('<circular reference: ' + (jasmine.isArray_(value) ? 'Array' : 'Object') + '>');
+ } else if (jasmine.isArray_(value) || typeof value == 'object') {
+ value.__Jasmine_been_here_before__ = true;
+ if (jasmine.isArray_(value)) {
+ this.emitArray(value);
+ } else {
+ this.emitObject(value);
+ }
+ delete value.__Jasmine_been_here_before__;
+ } else {
+ this.emitScalar(value.toString());
+ }
+ } finally {
+ this.ppNestLevel_--;
+ }
+};
+
+jasmine.PrettyPrinter.prototype.iterateObject = function(obj, fn) {
+ for (var property in obj) {
+ if (property == '__Jasmine_been_here_before__') continue;
+ fn(property, obj.__lookupGetter__ ? (obj.__lookupGetter__(property) !== jasmine.undefined &&
+ obj.__lookupGetter__(property) !== null) : false);
+ }
+};
+
+jasmine.PrettyPrinter.prototype.emitArray = jasmine.unimplementedMethod_;
+jasmine.PrettyPrinter.prototype.emitObject = jasmine.unimplementedMethod_;
+jasmine.PrettyPrinter.prototype.emitScalar = jasmine.unimplementedMethod_;
+jasmine.PrettyPrinter.prototype.emitString = jasmine.unimplementedMethod_;
+
+jasmine.StringPrettyPrinter = function() {
+ jasmine.PrettyPrinter.call(this);
+
+ this.string = '';
+};
+jasmine.util.inherit(jasmine.StringPrettyPrinter, jasmine.PrettyPrinter);
+
+jasmine.StringPrettyPrinter.prototype.emitScalar = function(value) {
+ this.append(value);
+};
+
+jasmine.StringPrettyPrinter.prototype.emitString = function(value) {
+ this.append("'" + value + "'");
+};
+
+jasmine.StringPrettyPrinter.prototype.emitArray = function(array) {
+ this.append('[ ');
+ for (var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
+ if (i > 0) {
+ this.append(', ');
+ }
+ this.format(array[i]);
+ }
+ this.append(' ]');
+};
+
+jasmine.StringPrettyPrinter.prototype.emitObject = function(obj) {
+ var self = this;
+ this.append('{ ');
+ var first = true;
+
+ this.iterateObject(obj, function(property, isGetter) {
+ if (first) {
+ first = false;
+ } else {
+ self.append(', ');
+ }
+
+ self.append(property);
+ self.append(' : ');
+ if (isGetter) {
+ self.append('<getter>');
+ } else {
+ self.format(obj[property]);
+ }
+ });
+
+ this.append(' }');
+};
+
+jasmine.StringPrettyPrinter.prototype.append = function(value) {
+ this.string += value;
+};
+jasmine.Queue = function(env) {
+ this.env = env;
+ this.blocks = [];
+ this.running = false;
+ this.index = 0;
+ this.offset = 0;
+ this.abort = false;
+};
+
+jasmine.Queue.prototype.addBefore = function(block) {
+ this.blocks.unshift(block);
+};
+
+jasmine.Queue.prototype.add = function(block) {
+ this.blocks.push(block);
+};
+
+jasmine.Queue.prototype.insertNext = function(block) {
+ this.blocks.splice((this.index + this.offset + 1), 0, block);
+ this.offset++;
+};
+
+jasmine.Queue.prototype.start = function(onComplete) {
+ this.running = true;
+ this.onComplete = onComplete;
+ this.next_();
+};
+
+jasmine.Queue.prototype.isRunning = function() {
+ return this.running;
+};
+
+jasmine.Queue.LOOP_DONT_RECURSE = true;
+
+jasmine.Queue.prototype.next_ = function() {
+ var self = this;
+ var goAgain = true;
+
+ while (goAgain) {
+ goAgain = false;
+
+ if (self.index < self.blocks.length && !this.abort) {
+ var calledSynchronously = true;
+ var completedSynchronously = false;
+
+ var onComplete = function () {
+ if (jasmine.Queue.LOOP_DONT_RECURSE && calledSynchronously) {
+ completedSynchronously = true;
+ return;
+ }
+
+ if (self.blocks[self.index].abort) {
+ self.abort = true;
+ }
+
+ self.offset = 0;
+ self.index++;
+
+ var now = new Date().getTime();
+ if (self.env.updateInterval && now - self.env.lastUpdate > self.env.updateInterval) {
+ self.env.lastUpdate = now;
+ self.env.setTimeout(function() {
+ self.next_();
+ }, 0);
+ } else {
+ if (jasmine.Queue.LOOP_DONT_RECURSE && completedSynchronously) {
+ goAgain = true;
+ } else {
+ self.next_();
+ }
+ }
+ };
+ self.blocks[self.index].execute(onComplete);
+
+ calledSynchronously = false;
+ if (completedSynchronously) {
+ onComplete();
+ }
+
+ } else {
+ self.running = false;
+ if (self.onComplete) {
+ self.onComplete();
+ }
+ }
+ }
+};
+
+jasmine.Queue.prototype.results = function() {
+ var results = new jasmine.NestedResults();
+ for (var i = 0; i < this.blocks.length; i++) {
+ if (this.blocks[i].results) {
+ results.addResult(this.blocks[i].results());
+ }
+ }
+ return results;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Runner
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {jasmine.Env} env
+ */
+jasmine.Runner = function(env) {
+ var self = this;
+ self.env = env;
+ self.queue = new jasmine.Queue(env);
+ self.before_ = [];
+ self.after_ = [];
+ self.suites_ = [];
+};
+
+jasmine.Runner.prototype.execute = function() {
+ var self = this;
+ if (self.env.reporter.reportRunnerStarting) {
+ self.env.reporter.reportRunnerStarting(this);
+ }
+ self.queue.start(function () {
+ self.finishCallback();
+ });
+};
+
+jasmine.Runner.prototype.beforeEach = function(beforeEachFunction) {
+ beforeEachFunction.typeName = 'beforeEach';
+ this.before_.splice(0,0,beforeEachFunction);
+};
+
+jasmine.Runner.prototype.afterEach = function(afterEachFunction) {
+ afterEachFunction.typeName = 'afterEach';
+ this.after_.splice(0,0,afterEachFunction);
+};
+
+
+jasmine.Runner.prototype.finishCallback = function() {
+ this.env.reporter.reportRunnerResults(this);
+};
+
+jasmine.Runner.prototype.addSuite = function(suite) {
+ this.suites_.push(suite);
+};
+
+jasmine.Runner.prototype.add = function(block) {
+ if (block instanceof jasmine.Suite) {
+ this.addSuite(block);
+ }
+ this.queue.add(block);
+};
+
+jasmine.Runner.prototype.specs = function () {
+ var suites = this.suites();
+ var specs = [];
+ for (var i = 0; i < suites.length; i++) {
+ specs = specs.concat(suites[i].specs());
+ }
+ return specs;
+};
+
+jasmine.Runner.prototype.suites = function() {
+ return this.suites_;
+};
+
+jasmine.Runner.prototype.topLevelSuites = function() {
+ var topLevelSuites = [];
+ for (var i = 0; i < this.suites_.length; i++) {
+ if (!this.suites_[i].parentSuite) {
+ topLevelSuites.push(this.suites_[i]);
+ }
+ }
+ return topLevelSuites;
+};
+
+jasmine.Runner.prototype.results = function() {
+ return this.queue.results();
+};
+/**
+ * Internal representation of a Jasmine specification, or test.
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {jasmine.Env} env
+ * @param {jasmine.Suite} suite
+ * @param {String} description
+ */
+jasmine.Spec = function(env, suite, description) {
+ if (!env) {
+ throw new Error('jasmine.Env() required');
+ }
+ if (!suite) {
+ throw new Error('jasmine.Suite() required');
+ }
+ var spec = this;
+ spec.id = env.nextSpecId ? env.nextSpecId() : null;
+ spec.env = env;
+ spec.suite = suite;
+ spec.description = description;
+ spec.queue = new jasmine.Queue(env);
+
+ spec.afterCallbacks = [];
+ spec.spies_ = [];
+
+ spec.results_ = new jasmine.NestedResults();
+ spec.results_.description = description;
+ spec.matchersClass = null;
+};
+
+jasmine.Spec.prototype.getFullName = function() {
+ return this.suite.getFullName() + ' ' + this.description + '.';
+};
+
+
+jasmine.Spec.prototype.results = function() {
+ return this.results_;
+};
+
+/**
+ * All parameters are pretty-printed and concatenated together, then written to the spec's output.
+ *
+ * Be careful not to leave calls to <code>jasmine.log</code> in production code.
+ */
+jasmine.Spec.prototype.log = function() {
+ return this.results_.log(arguments);
+};
+
+jasmine.Spec.prototype.runs = function (func) {
+ var block = new jasmine.Block(this.env, func, this);
+ this.addToQueue(block);
+ return this;
+};
+
+jasmine.Spec.prototype.addToQueue = function (block) {
+ if (this.queue.isRunning()) {
+ this.queue.insertNext(block);
+ } else {
+ this.queue.add(block);
+ }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @param {jasmine.ExpectationResult} result
+ */
+jasmine.Spec.prototype.addMatcherResult = function(result) {
+ this.results_.addResult(result);
+};
+
+jasmine.Spec.prototype.expect = function(actual) {
+ var positive = new (this.getMatchersClass_())(this.env, actual, this);
+ positive.not = new (this.getMatchersClass_())(this.env, actual, this, true);
+ return positive;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Waits a fixed time period before moving to the next block.
+ *
+ * @deprecated Use waitsFor() instead
+ * @param {Number} timeout milliseconds to wait
+ */
+jasmine.Spec.prototype.waits = function(timeout) {
+ var waitsFunc = new jasmine.WaitsBlock(this.env, timeout, this);
+ this.addToQueue(waitsFunc);
+ return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Waits for the latchFunction to return true before proceeding to the next block.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} latchFunction
+ * @param {String} optional_timeoutMessage
+ * @param {Number} optional_timeout
+ */
+jasmine.Spec.prototype.waitsFor = function(latchFunction, optional_timeoutMessage, optional_timeout) {
+ var latchFunction_ = null;
+ var optional_timeoutMessage_ = null;
+ var optional_timeout_ = null;
+
+ for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
+ var arg = arguments[i];
+ switch (typeof arg) {
+ case 'function':
+ latchFunction_ = arg;
+ break;
+ case 'string':
+ optional_timeoutMessage_ = arg;
+ break;
+ case 'number':
+ optional_timeout_ = arg;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ var waitsForFunc = new jasmine.WaitsForBlock(this.env, optional_timeout_, latchFunction_, optional_timeoutMessage_, this);
+ this.addToQueue(waitsForFunc);
+ return this;
+};
+
+jasmine.Spec.prototype.fail = function (e) {
+ var expectationResult = new jasmine.ExpectationResult({
+ passed: false,
+ message: e ? jasmine.util.formatException(e) : 'Exception',
+ trace: { stack: e.stack }
+ });
+ this.results_.addResult(expectationResult);
+};
+
+jasmine.Spec.prototype.getMatchersClass_ = function() {
+ return this.matchersClass || this.env.matchersClass;
+};
+
+jasmine.Spec.prototype.addMatchers = function(matchersPrototype) {
+ var parent = this.getMatchersClass_();
+ var newMatchersClass = function() {
+ parent.apply(this, arguments);
+ };
+ jasmine.util.inherit(newMatchersClass, parent);
+ jasmine.Matchers.wrapInto_(matchersPrototype, newMatchersClass);
+ this.matchersClass = newMatchersClass;
+};
+
+jasmine.Spec.prototype.finishCallback = function() {
+ this.env.reporter.reportSpecResults(this);
+};
+
+jasmine.Spec.prototype.finish = function(onComplete) {
+ this.removeAllSpies();
+ this.finishCallback();
+ if (onComplete) {
+ onComplete();
+ }
+};
+
+jasmine.Spec.prototype.after = function(doAfter) {
+ if (this.queue.isRunning()) {
+ this.queue.add(new jasmine.Block(this.env, doAfter, this));
+ } else {
+ this.afterCallbacks.unshift(doAfter);
+ }
+};
+
+jasmine.Spec.prototype.execute = function(onComplete) {
+ var spec = this;
+ if (!spec.env.specFilter(spec)) {
+ spec.results_.skipped = true;
+ spec.finish(onComplete);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ this.env.reporter.reportSpecStarting(this);
+
+ spec.env.currentSpec = spec;
+
+ spec.addBeforesAndAftersToQueue();
+
+ spec.queue.start(function () {
+ spec.finish(onComplete);
+ });
+};
+
+jasmine.Spec.prototype.addBeforesAndAftersToQueue = function() {
+ var runner = this.env.currentRunner();
+ var i;
+
+ for (var suite = this.suite; suite; suite = suite.parentSuite) {
+ for (i = 0; i < suite.before_.length; i++) {
+ this.queue.addBefore(new jasmine.Block(this.env, suite.before_[i], this));
+ }
+ }
+ for (i = 0; i < runner.before_.length; i++) {
+ this.queue.addBefore(new jasmine.Block(this.env, runner.before_[i], this));
+ }
+ for (i = 0; i < this.afterCallbacks.length; i++) {
+ this.queue.add(new jasmine.Block(this.env, this.afterCallbacks[i], this));
+ }
+ for (suite = this.suite; suite; suite = suite.parentSuite) {
+ for (i = 0; i < suite.after_.length; i++) {
+ this.queue.add(new jasmine.Block(this.env, suite.after_[i], this));
+ }
+ }
+ for (i = 0; i < runner.after_.length; i++) {
+ this.queue.add(new jasmine.Block(this.env, runner.after_[i], this));
+ }
+};
+
+jasmine.Spec.prototype.explodes = function() {
+ throw 'explodes function should not have been called';
+};
+
+jasmine.Spec.prototype.spyOn = function(obj, methodName, ignoreMethodDoesntExist) {
+ if (obj == jasmine.undefined) {
+ throw "spyOn could not find an object to spy upon for " + methodName + "()";
+ }
+
+ if (!ignoreMethodDoesntExist && obj[methodName] === jasmine.undefined) {
+ throw methodName + '() method does not exist';
+ }
+
+ if (!ignoreMethodDoesntExist && obj[methodName] && obj[methodName].isSpy) {
+ throw new Error(methodName + ' has already been spied upon');
+ }
+
+ var spyObj = jasmine.createSpy(methodName);
+
+ this.spies_.push(spyObj);
+ spyObj.baseObj = obj;
+ spyObj.methodName = methodName;
+ spyObj.originalValue = obj[methodName];
+
+ obj[methodName] = spyObj;
+
+ return spyObj;
+};
+
+jasmine.Spec.prototype.removeAllSpies = function() {
+ for (var i = 0; i < this.spies_.length; i++) {
+ var spy = this.spies_[i];
+ spy.baseObj[spy.methodName] = spy.originalValue;
+ }
+ this.spies_ = [];
+};
+
+/**
+ * Internal representation of a Jasmine suite.
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {jasmine.Env} env
+ * @param {String} description
+ * @param {Function} specDefinitions
+ * @param {jasmine.Suite} parentSuite
+ */
+jasmine.Suite = function(env, description, specDefinitions, parentSuite) {
+ var self = this;
+ self.id = env.nextSuiteId ? env.nextSuiteId() : null;
+ self.description = description;
+ self.queue = new jasmine.Queue(env);
+ self.parentSuite = parentSuite;
+ self.env = env;
+ self.before_ = [];
+ self.after_ = [];
+ self.children_ = [];
+ self.suites_ = [];
+ self.specs_ = [];
+};
+
+jasmine.Suite.prototype.getFullName = function() {
+ var fullName = this.description;
+ for (var parentSuite = this.parentSuite; parentSuite; parentSuite = parentSuite.parentSuite) {
+ fullName = parentSuite.description + ' ' + fullName;
+ }
+ return fullName;
+};
+
+jasmine.Suite.prototype.finish = function(onComplete) {
+ this.env.reporter.reportSuiteResults(this);
+ this.finished = true;
+ if (typeof(onComplete) == 'function') {
+ onComplete();
+ }
+};
+
+jasmine.Suite.prototype.beforeEach = function(beforeEachFunction) {
+ beforeEachFunction.typeName = 'beforeEach';
+ this.before_.unshift(beforeEachFunction);
+};
+
+jasmine.Suite.prototype.afterEach = function(afterEachFunction) {
+ afterEachFunction.typeName = 'afterEach';
+ this.after_.unshift(afterEachFunction);
+};
+
+jasmine.Suite.prototype.results = function() {
+ return this.queue.results();
+};
+
+jasmine.Suite.prototype.add = function(suiteOrSpec) {
+ this.children_.push(suiteOrSpec);
+ if (suiteOrSpec instanceof jasmine.Suite) {
+ this.suites_.push(suiteOrSpec);
+ this.env.currentRunner().addSuite(suiteOrSpec);
+ } else {
+ this.specs_.push(suiteOrSpec);
+ }
+ this.queue.add(suiteOrSpec);
+};
+
+jasmine.Suite.prototype.specs = function() {
+ return this.specs_;
+};
+
+jasmine.Suite.prototype.suites = function() {
+ return this.suites_;
+};
+
+jasmine.Suite.prototype.children = function() {
+ return this.children_;
+};
+
+jasmine.Suite.prototype.execute = function(onComplete) {
+ var self = this;
+ this.queue.start(function () {
+ self.finish(onComplete);
+ });
+};
+jasmine.WaitsBlock = function(env, timeout, spec) {
+ this.timeout = timeout;
+ jasmine.Block.call(this, env, null, spec);
+};
+
+jasmine.util.inherit(jasmine.WaitsBlock, jasmine.Block);
+
+jasmine.WaitsBlock.prototype.execute = function (onComplete) {
+ if (jasmine.VERBOSE) {
+ this.env.reporter.log('>> Jasmine waiting for ' + this.timeout + ' ms...');
+ }
+ this.env.setTimeout(function () {
+ onComplete();
+ }, this.timeout);
+};
+/**
+ * A block which waits for some condition to become true, with timeout.
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ * @extends jasmine.Block
+ * @param {jasmine.Env} env The Jasmine environment.
+ * @param {Number} timeout The maximum time in milliseconds to wait for the condition to become true.
+ * @param {Function} latchFunction A function which returns true when the desired condition has been met.
+ * @param {String} message The message to display if the desired condition hasn't been met within the given time period.
+ * @param {jasmine.Spec} spec The Jasmine spec.
+ */
+jasmine.WaitsForBlock = function(env, timeout, latchFunction, message, spec) {
+ this.timeout = timeout || env.defaultTimeoutInterval;
+ this.latchFunction = latchFunction;
+ this.message = message;
+ this.totalTimeSpentWaitingForLatch = 0;
+ jasmine.Block.call(this, env, null, spec);
+};
+jasmine.util.inherit(jasmine.WaitsForBlock, jasmine.Block);
+
+jasmine.WaitsForBlock.TIMEOUT_INCREMENT = 10;
+
+jasmine.WaitsForBlock.prototype.execute = function(onComplete) {
+ if (jasmine.VERBOSE) {
+ this.env.reporter.log('>> Jasmine waiting for ' + (this.message || 'something to happen'));
+ }
+ var latchFunctionResult;
+ try {
+ latchFunctionResult = this.latchFunction.apply(this.spec);
+ } catch (e) {
+ this.spec.fail(e);
+ onComplete();
+ return;
+ }
+
+ if (latchFunctionResult) {
+ onComplete();
+ } else if (this.totalTimeSpentWaitingForLatch >= this.timeout) {
+ var message = 'timed out after ' + this.timeout + ' msec waiting for ' + (this.message || 'something to happen');
+ this.spec.fail({
+ name: 'timeout',
+ message: message
+ });
+
+ this.abort = true;
+ onComplete();
+ } else {
+ this.totalTimeSpentWaitingForLatch += jasmine.WaitsForBlock.TIMEOUT_INCREMENT;
+ var self = this;
+ this.env.setTimeout(function() {
+ self.execute(onComplete);
+ }, jasmine.WaitsForBlock.TIMEOUT_INCREMENT);
+ }
+};
+// Mock setTimeout, clearTimeout
+// Contributed by Pivotal Computer Systems, www.pivotalsf.com
+
+jasmine.FakeTimer = function() {
+ this.reset();
+
+ var self = this;
+ self.setTimeout = function(funcToCall, millis) {
+ self.timeoutsMade++;
+ self.scheduleFunction(self.timeoutsMade, funcToCall, millis, false);
+ return self.timeoutsMade;
+ };
+
+ self.setInterval = function(funcToCall, millis) {
+ self.timeoutsMade++;
+ self.scheduleFunction(self.timeoutsMade, funcToCall, millis, true);
+ return self.timeoutsMade;
+ };
+
+ self.clearTimeout = function(timeoutKey) {
+ self.scheduledFunctions[timeoutKey] = jasmine.undefined;
+ };
+
+ self.clearInterval = function(timeoutKey) {
+ self.scheduledFunctions[timeoutKey] = jasmine.undefined;
+ };
+
+};
+
+jasmine.FakeTimer.prototype.reset = function() {
+ this.timeoutsMade = 0;
+ this.scheduledFunctions = {};
+ this.nowMillis = 0;
+};
+
+jasmine.FakeTimer.prototype.tick = function(millis) {
+ var oldMillis = this.nowMillis;
+ var newMillis = oldMillis + millis;
+ this.runFunctionsWithinRange(oldMillis, newMillis);
+ this.nowMillis = newMillis;
+};
+
+jasmine.FakeTimer.prototype.runFunctionsWithinRange = function(oldMillis, nowMillis) {
+ var scheduledFunc;
+ var funcsToRun = [];
+ for (var timeoutKey in this.scheduledFunctions) {
+ scheduledFunc = this.scheduledFunctions[timeoutKey];
+ if (scheduledFunc != jasmine.undefined &&
+ scheduledFunc.runAtMillis >= oldMillis &&
+ scheduledFunc.runAtMillis <= nowMillis) {
+ funcsToRun.push(scheduledFunc);
+ this.scheduledFunctions[timeoutKey] = jasmine.undefined;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (funcsToRun.length > 0) {
+ funcsToRun.sort(function(a, b) {
+ return a.runAtMillis - b.runAtMillis;
+ });
+ for (var i = 0; i < funcsToRun.length; ++i) {
+ try {
+ var funcToRun = funcsToRun[i];
+ this.nowMillis = funcToRun.runAtMillis;
+ funcToRun.funcToCall();
+ if (funcToRun.recurring) {
+ this.scheduleFunction(funcToRun.timeoutKey,
+ funcToRun.funcToCall,
+ funcToRun.millis,
+ true);
+ }
+ } catch(e) {
+ }
+ }
+ this.runFunctionsWithinRange(oldMillis, nowMillis);
+ }
+};
+
+jasmine.FakeTimer.prototype.scheduleFunction = function(timeoutKey, funcToCall, millis, recurring) {
+ this.scheduledFunctions[timeoutKey] = {
+ runAtMillis: this.nowMillis + millis,
+ funcToCall: funcToCall,
+ recurring: recurring,
+ timeoutKey: timeoutKey,
+ millis: millis
+ };
+};
+
+/**
+ * @namespace
+ */
+jasmine.Clock = {
+ defaultFakeTimer: new jasmine.FakeTimer(),
+
+ reset: function() {
+ jasmine.Clock.assertInstalled();
+ jasmine.Clock.defaultFakeTimer.reset();
+ },
+
+ tick: function(millis) {
+ jasmine.Clock.assertInstalled();
+ jasmine.Clock.defaultFakeTimer.tick(millis);
+ },
+
+ runFunctionsWithinRange: function(oldMillis, nowMillis) {
+ jasmine.Clock.defaultFakeTimer.runFunctionsWithinRange(oldMillis, nowMillis);
+ },
+
+ scheduleFunction: function(timeoutKey, funcToCall, millis, recurring) {
+ jasmine.Clock.defaultFakeTimer.scheduleFunction(timeoutKey, funcToCall, millis, recurring);
+ },
+
+ useMock: function() {
+ if (!jasmine.Clock.isInstalled()) {
+ var spec = jasmine.getEnv().currentSpec;
+ spec.after(jasmine.Clock.uninstallMock);
+
+ jasmine.Clock.installMock();
+ }
+ },
+
+ installMock: function() {
+ jasmine.Clock.installed = jasmine.Clock.defaultFakeTimer;
+ },
+
+ uninstallMock: function() {
+ jasmine.Clock.assertInstalled();
+ jasmine.Clock.installed = jasmine.Clock.real;
+ },
+
+ real: {
+ setTimeout: jasmine.getGlobal().setTimeout,
+ clearTimeout: jasmine.getGlobal().clearTimeout,
+ setInterval: jasmine.getGlobal().setInterval,
+ clearInterval: jasmine.getGlobal().clearInterval
+ },
+
+ assertInstalled: function() {
+ if (!jasmine.Clock.isInstalled()) {
+ throw new Error("Mock clock is not installed, use jasmine.Clock.useMock()");
+ }
+ },
+
+ isInstalled: function() {
+ return jasmine.Clock.installed == jasmine.Clock.defaultFakeTimer;
+ },
+
+ installed: null
+};
+jasmine.Clock.installed = jasmine.Clock.real;
+
+//else for IE support
+jasmine.getGlobal().setTimeout = function(funcToCall, millis) {
+ if (jasmine.Clock.installed.setTimeout.apply) {
+ return jasmine.Clock.installed.setTimeout.apply(this, arguments);
+ } else {
+ return jasmine.Clock.installed.setTimeout(funcToCall, millis);
+ }
+};
+
+jasmine.getGlobal().setInterval = function(funcToCall, millis) {
+ if (jasmine.Clock.installed.setInterval.apply) {
+ return jasmine.Clock.installed.setInterval.apply(this, arguments);
+ } else {
+ return jasmine.Clock.installed.setInterval(funcToCall, millis);
+ }
+};
+
+jasmine.getGlobal().clearTimeout = function(timeoutKey) {
+ if (jasmine.Clock.installed.clearTimeout.apply) {
+ return jasmine.Clock.installed.clearTimeout.apply(this, arguments);
+ } else {
+ return jasmine.Clock.installed.clearTimeout(timeoutKey);
+ }
+};
+
+jasmine.getGlobal().clearInterval = function(timeoutKey) {
+ if (jasmine.Clock.installed.clearTimeout.apply) {
+ return jasmine.Clock.installed.clearInterval.apply(this, arguments);
+ } else {
+ return jasmine.Clock.installed.clearInterval(timeoutKey);
+ }
+};
+
+jasmine.version_= {
+ "major": 1,
+ "minor": 1,
+ "build": 0,
+ "revision": 1308965645,
+ "release_candidate": 2
+};
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/test/settings.js Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// SETTINGS, VARS, UTILITY FUNCTIONS
+jasmine.getFixtures().fixturesPath = 'fixtures';
+var defaults = $.deck.defaults;
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/test/spec.core.js Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+// Go tests, go
+describe('Deck JS', function() {
+ describe('standard html structure', function() {
+ beforeEach(function() {
+ loadFixtures('standard.html');
+ if (Modernizr.history) {
+ history.replaceState({}, "", "#")
+ }
+ else {
+ window.location.hash = '#';
+ }
+ });
+
+ describe('init(selector)', function() {
+ it('should create slides', function() {
+ $.deck('.slide');
+ expect($.deck('getSlides').length).toEqual($('.slide').length);
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe('init([selectors])', function() {
+ it('should create slides', function() {
+ $.deck([
+ '.slide1',
+ '.slide2',
+ '.slide3',
+ '.slide4',
+ '.slide5'
+ ]);
+ expect($.deck('getSlides').length).toEqual($('.slide').length);
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe('navigation functions', function() {
+ beforeEach(function() {
+ $.deck('.slide');
+ });
+
+ describe('go(i)', function() {
+ it('should go to the i slide (0 based index)', function() {
+ $.deck('go', 3);
+ expect($.deck('getSlide')).toHaveClass('slide4');
+ });
+
+ it('should go nowhere if i is NaN', function() {
+ $.deck('go', 'foobar');
+ expect($.deck('getSlide')).toHaveClass('slide1');
+ });
+
+ it('should go nowhere if i is out of bounds', function() {
+ $.deck('go', 5);
+ expect($.deck('getSlide')).toHaveClass('slide1');
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe('next()', function() {
+ it('should go to the next slide', function() {
+ $.deck('next');
+ expect($.deck('getSlide')).toHaveClass('slide2');
+ });
+
+ it('should go nowhere if on the last slide', function() {
+ $.deck('go', 4);
+ $.deck('next');
+ expect($.deck('getSlide')).toHaveClass('slide5');
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe('prev()', function() {
+ it('should go to the previous slide', function() {
+ $.deck('go', 2);
+ $.deck('prev');
+ expect($.deck('getSlide')).toHaveClass('slide2');
+ });
+
+ it('should go nowhere if on the first slide', function() {
+ $.deck('prev');
+ expect($.deck('getSlide')).toHaveClass('slide1');
+ });
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe('getters', function() {
+ beforeEach(function() {
+ $.deck('.slide');
+ });
+
+ describe('getSlide()', function() {
+ it('should get the current slide', function() {
+ expect($.deck('getSlide')).toHaveClass('slide1');
+ $.deck('go', 2);
+ expect($.deck('getSlide')).toHaveClass('slide3');
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe('getSlide(i)', function() {
+ it('should get slide number i (0 based index)', function() {
+ expect($.deck('getSlide', 1)).toHaveClass('slide2');
+ expect($.deck('getSlide', 3)).toHaveClass('slide4');
+ });
+
+ it('should return null if i is NaN', function() {
+ expect($.deck('getSlide', 'barfoo')).toBeNull();
+ });
+
+ it('should return null if i is out of bounds', function() {
+ expect($.deck('getSlide', 6)).toBeNull();
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe('getSlides()', function() {
+ it('should return an array of jQuery objects for each slide', function() {
+ var expectation = [],
+ slides = $.deck('getSlides');
+ $('.slide').each(function() {
+ expectation.push($(this));
+ });
+ expect(slides).toEqual(expectation);
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe('getContainer()', function() {
+ it('should return a jQuery object with the container element(s)', function() {
+ expect($.deck('getContainer')).toBe(defaults.selectors.container);
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe('getOptions()', function() {
+ it('should return the current options object', function() {
+ expect($.deck('getOptions')).toEqual(defaults);
+ });
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe('container states', function() {
+ beforeEach(function() {
+ $.deck('.slide');
+ });
+
+ it('should start at state 0', function() {
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.container)).toHaveClass(defaults.classes.onPrefix + '0');
+ });
+
+ it('should change states with the slide number', function() {
+ $.deck('next');
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.container)).toHaveClass(defaults.classes.onPrefix + '1');
+ $.deck('go', 3);
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.container)).toHaveClass(defaults.classes.onPrefix + '3');
+ $.deck('prev');
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.container)).toHaveClass(defaults.classes.onPrefix + '2');
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe('options object', function() {
+ var $d = $(document);
+
+ beforeEach(function() {
+ $.deck('.alt-slide', {
+ classes: {
+ after: 'alt-after',
+ before: 'alt-before',
+ current: 'alt-current',
+ onPrefix: 'alt-on-',
+ next: 'alt-next',
+ previous: 'alt-prev'
+ },
+
+ selectors: {
+ container: '.alt-container'
+ },
+
+ keys: {
+ next: 87,
+ previous: 69
+ }
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe('classes', function() {
+ it('should use the specified after class', function() {
+ expect($('.alt-slide3, .alt-slide4, .alt-slide5')).toHaveClass('alt-after');
+ });
+
+ it('should use the specified before class', function() {
+ $.deck('go', 4);
+ expect($('.alt-slide1, .alt-slide2, .alt-slide3')).toHaveClass('alt-before');
+ });
+
+ it('should use the specified container class', function() {
+ $.deck('go', 2);
+ expect($('.alt-container')).toHaveClass('alt-on-2');
+ });
+
+ it('should use the specified current class', function() {
+ expect($.deck('getSlide')).toHaveClass('alt-current');
+ });
+
+ it('should use the specified next class', function() {
+ expect($('.alt-slide2')).toHaveClass('alt-next');
+ });
+
+ it('should use the specified previous class', function() {
+ $.deck('next');
+ expect($('.alt-slide1')).toHaveClass('alt-prev');
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe('key bindings', function() {
+ var e;
+
+ beforeEach(function() {
+ e = jQuery.Event('keydown.deck');
+ });
+
+ it('should go to the next slide using the specified key', function() {
+ e.which = 87; // 'w'
+ $d.trigger(e);
+ expect($.deck('getSlide')).toHaveClass('alt-slide2');
+ });
+
+ it('should go to the previous slide using the specified key', function() {
+ $.deck('next');
+ e.which = 69; // 'e'
+ $d.trigger(e);
+ expect($.deck('getSlide')).toHaveClass('alt-slide1');
+ });
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe('events', function() {
+ var $d = $(document);
+
+ beforeEach(function() {
+ $.deck('.slide');
+ $.deck('go', 1);
+ spyOnEvent($d, 'deck.change');
+ });
+
+ describe('deck.change', function() {
+ it('should fire on go(i)', function() {
+ $.deck('go', 3);
+ expect('deck.change').toHaveBeenTriggeredOn($d);
+ });
+
+ it('should fire on next()', function() {
+ $.deck('next');
+ expect('deck.change').toHaveBeenTriggeredOn($d);
+ });
+
+ it('should fire on prev()', function() {
+ $.deck('prev');
+ expect('deck.change').toHaveBeenTriggeredOn($d);
+ });
+
+ it('should pass parameters with from and to indices', function() {
+ var f = function(e, from, to) {
+ expect(from).toEqual(1);
+ expect(to).toEqual(3);
+ };
+
+ $d.bind('deck.change', f);
+ $.deck('go', 3);
+ $d.unbind('deck.change', f);
+ });
+ });
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe('complex html structure', function() {
+ beforeEach(function() {
+ loadFixtures('complex.html');
+ if (Modernizr.history) {
+ history.replaceState({}, "", "#")
+ }
+ $.deck([
+ '.slide1',
+ '.slide2',
+ '.slide3',
+ '.slide4',
+ '.slide5',
+ '.slide6',
+ '.slide7',
+ '.slide8',
+ '.slide9',
+ '.slide10',
+ ]);
+ $.deck('go', 2);
+ });
+
+ describe('compound state classes', function() {
+ it('should apply current class', function() {
+ $('.slide3').each(function(i, el) {
+ expect($(el)).toHaveClass(defaults.classes.current);
+ });
+ });
+
+ it('should apply previous class', function() {
+ $('.slide2').each(function(i, el) {
+ expect($(el)).toHaveClass(defaults.classes.previous);
+ });
+ });
+
+ it('should apply next class', function() {
+ $('.slide4').each(function(i, el) {
+ expect($(el)).toHaveClass(defaults.classes.next);
+ });
+ });
+
+ it('should apply before class', function() {
+ $('.slide1').each(function(i, el) {
+ expect($(el)).toHaveClass(defaults.classes.before);
+ });
+ });
+
+ it('should apply after class', function() {
+ $('.slide5, .slide6, .slide7, .slide8, .slide9, .slide10').each(function(i, el) {
+ expect($(el)).toHaveClass(defaults.classes.after);
+ });
+ });
+
+ it('should apply child-current class', function() {
+ expect($('.slide2').not('.slide10')).toHaveClass(defaults.classes.childCurrent);
+ });
+ });
+
+ it('should remove old state classes', function() {
+ $.deck('go', 4);
+ expect($('.slide3').not('.slide5')).not.toHaveClass(defaults.classes.current);
+ expect($('.slide2').not('.slide4')).not.toHaveClass(defaults.classes.previous);
+ expect($('.slide4').not('.slide6')).not.toHaveClass(defaults.classes.next);
+ });
+ });
+});
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/test/spec.goto.js Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+describe('Deck JS Quick Go-To', function() {
+ var $d = $(document);
+
+ beforeEach(function() {
+ loadFixtures('standard.html');
+ if (Modernizr.history) {
+ history.replaceState({}, "", "#")
+ }
+ else {
+ window.location.hash = '#';
+ }
+ $.deck('.slide');
+ });
+
+ describe('showGoTo()', function() {
+ it('should show the go-to helper', function() {
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.container)).not.toHaveClass(defaults.classes.goto);
+ $.deck('showGoTo');
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.container)).toHaveClass(defaults.classes.goto);
+ });
+
+ it('should focus the go-to input', function() {
+ $.deck('showGoTo');
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.gotoInput)[0]).toEqual(document.activeElement);
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe('hideGoTo()', function() {
+ beforeEach(function() {
+ $.deck('showGoTo');
+ $.deck('hideGoTo');
+ });
+
+ it('should hide the go-to helper', function() {
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.container)).not.toHaveClass(defaults.classes.goto);
+ });
+
+ it('should blur the go-to input', function() {
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.gotoInput)[0]).not.toEqual(document.activeElement);
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe('toggleGoTo()', function() {
+ it('should toggle the go-to helper on and off', function() {
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.container)).not.toHaveClass(defaults.classes.goto);
+ $.deck('toggleGoTo');
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.container)).toHaveClass(defaults.classes.goto);
+ $.deck('toggleGoTo');
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.container)).not.toHaveClass(defaults.classes.goto);
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe('Go-To submit', function() {
+ beforeEach(function() {
+ $.deck('showGoTo');
+ });
+
+ it('should hide the go-to helper', function() {
+ $(defaults.selectors.gotoInput).val('3');
+ $(defaults.selectors.gotoForm).submit();
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.container)).not.toHaveClass(defaults.classes.goto);
+ });
+
+ it('should go to the slide entered', function() {
+ $(defaults.selectors.gotoInput).val('3');
+ $(defaults.selectors.gotoForm).submit();
+ expect($.deck('getSlide')).toEqual($.deck('getSlide'), 2);
+ });
+
+ it('should go nowhere if a number is not entered', function() {
+ $(defaults.selectors.gotoInput).val('');
+ $(defaults.selectors.gotoForm).submit();
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.container)).toHaveClass(defaults.classes.goto);
+ expect($.deck('getSlide')).toEqual($.deck('getSlide'), 0);
+ });
+
+ it('should go nowhere if the number is negative', function() {
+ $(defaults.selectors.gotoInput).val('-2');
+ $(defaults.selectors.gotoForm).submit();
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.container)).toHaveClass(defaults.classes.goto);
+ expect($.deck('getSlide')).toEqual($.deck('getSlide'), 0);
+ });
+
+ it('should go nowhere if the number is greater than the number of slides', function() {
+ $(defaults.selectors.gotoInput).val('9');
+ $(defaults.selectors.gotoForm).submit();
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.container)).toHaveClass(defaults.classes.goto);
+ expect($.deck('getSlide')).toEqual($.deck('getSlide'), 0);
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe('key bindings', function() {
+ var e;
+
+ beforeEach(function() {
+ e = jQuery.Event('keydown.deckgoto');
+ });
+
+ it('should toggle the go-to helper if the specified key is pressed', function() {
+ e.which = 71; // g
+ $d.trigger(e);
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.container)).toHaveClass(defaults.classes.goto);
+ $d.trigger(e);
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.container)).not.toHaveClass(defaults.classes.goto);
+ });
+ });
+});
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/test/spec.hash.js Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+describe('Deck JS Hash Extension', function() {
+ beforeEach(function() {
+ loadFixtures('standard.html');
+ if (Modernizr.history) {
+ history.replaceState({}, "", "#")
+ }
+ else {
+ window.location.hash = '#';
+ }
+ $.deck('.slide');
+ });
+
+ it('should assign ids to slides that do not have them', function() {
+ var slides = $.deck('getSlides');
+ $.each(slides, function(i, $e) {
+ expect($e.attr('id')).toBeTruthy();
+ });
+ });
+
+ it('should update the href on slide change', function() {
+ var $hashLink = $(defaults.selectors.hashLink);
+ $.deck('go', 3);
+ expect($hashLink).toHaveAttr('href', '#slide-3');
+ });
+
+ it('should use existing ids if they exist', function() {
+ var $hashLink = $(defaults.selectors.hashLink);
+ $.deck('go', 1);
+ expect($hashLink).toHaveAttr('href', '#custom-id');
+ });
+
+ it('should update the URL on slide change (if supported)', function() {
+ if (Modernizr.history) {
+ $.deck('go', 3);
+ expect(window.location.hash).toEqual('#slide-3');
+ }
+ });
+
+ it('should deep link to slide on deck init', function() {
+ window.location.hash = "#slide-3";
+ $.deck('.slide');
+ expect($.deck('getSlide')).toHaveId('slide-3');
+ });
+
+ it('should follow internal hash links using hashchange (if supported)', function() {
+ if (Modernizr.hashchange) {
+ window.location.hash = "#slide-3";
+
+ // Hashchange event doesn't fire right when the hash changes?
+ waitsFor(function() {
+ return $.deck('getSlide').attr('id') === 'slide-3';
+ }, 'hash to change to slide-3', 2000);
+ }
+ });
+
+ it('should follow internal hash links on click', function() {
+ /* Triggered clicks dont generate hashchanges, so until I find
+ a way to do this in an automated fashion, needs to be hand tested. */
+ });
+});
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/test/spec.menu.js Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+describe('Deck JS Menu', function() {
+ var $d = $(document);
+
+ beforeEach(function() {
+ loadFixtures('standard.html');
+ if (Modernizr.history) {
+ history.replaceState({}, "", "#")
+ }
+ else {
+ window.location.hash = '#';
+ }
+ $.deck('.slide');
+ });
+
+ describe('showMenu()', function() {
+ it('should show the menu', function() {
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.container)).not.toHaveClass(defaults.classes.menu);
+ $.deck('showMenu');
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.container)).toHaveClass(defaults.classes.menu);
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe('hideMenu()', function() {
+ it('should hide the menu', function() {
+ $.deck('showMenu');
+ $.deck('hideMenu');
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.container)).not.toHaveClass(defaults.classes.menu);
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe('toggleMenu()', function() {
+ it('should toggle menu on and off', function() {
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.container)).not.toHaveClass(defaults.classes.menu);
+ $.deck('toggleMenu');
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.container)).toHaveClass(defaults.classes.menu);
+ $.deck('toggleMenu');
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.container)).not.toHaveClass(defaults.classes.menu);
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe('key bindings', function() {
+ var e;
+
+ beforeEach(function() {
+ e = jQuery.Event('keydown.deckmenu');
+ });
+
+ it('should toggle the menu if the specified key is pressed', function() {
+ e.which = 77; // m
+ $d.trigger(e);
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.container)).toHaveClass(defaults.classes.menu);
+ $d.trigger(e);
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.container)).not.toHaveClass(defaults.classes.menu);
+ });
+ });
+});
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/test/spec.navigation.js Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+describe('Deck JS Navigation Buttons', function() {
+ beforeEach(function() {
+ loadFixtures('standard.html');
+ if (Modernizr.history) {
+ history.replaceState({}, "", "#")
+ }
+ else {
+ window.location.hash = '#';
+ }
+ $.deck('.slide');
+ });
+
+ it('should go to the next slide if next link is clicked', function() {
+ $(defaults.selectors.nextLink).click();
+ expect($.deck('getSlide')).toHaveClass('slide2');
+ });
+
+ it('should go to the previous slide if previous link is clicked', function() {
+ $.deck('go', 2);
+ $(defaults.selectors.previousLink).click();
+ expect($.deck('getSlide')).toHaveClass('slide2');
+ });
+
+ it('should add the disabled class to the previous link if on first slide', function() {
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.previousLink)).toHaveClass(defaults.classes.navDisabled);
+ $(defaults.selectors.nextLink).click();
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.previousLink)).not.toHaveClass(defaults.classes.navDisabled);
+ $(defaults.selectors.previousLink).click();
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.previousLink)).toHaveClass(defaults.classes.navDisabled);
+ });
+
+ it('should add the disabled class to the next link if on last slide', function() {
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.nextLink)).not.toHaveClass(defaults.classes.navDisabled);
+ $.deck('go', $.deck('getSlides').length - 1);
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.nextLink)).toHaveClass(defaults.classes.navDisabled);
+ });
+
+ it('should update the links hrefs with real fragment ids', function() {
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.previousLink)).toHaveAttr('href', '#');
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.nextLink)).toHaveAttr('href', '#custom-id');
+ $.deck('go', 2);
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.previousLink)).toHaveAttr('href', '#custom-id');
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.nextLink)).toHaveAttr('href', '#slide-3');
+ });
+});
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/test/spec.scale.js Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+describe('Deck JS Status Indicator', function() {
+ beforeEach(function() {
+ loadFixtures('standard.html');
+ if (Modernizr.history) {
+ history.replaceState({}, "", "#")
+ }
+ else {
+ window.location.hash = '#';
+ }
+ $.deck('.slide');
+ });
+
+ it('should start with scaling enabled', function() {
+ expect($.deck('getContainer')).toHaveClass(defaults.classes.scale);
+ });
+
+ describe('disableScale()', function() {
+ it('should remove the scale class from the container', function() {
+ $.deck('disableScale');
+ expect($.deck('getContainer')).not.toHaveClass(defaults.classes.scale);
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe('enableScale()', function() {
+ it('should add the scale class to the container', function() {
+ $.deck('disableScale');
+ $.deck('enableScale');
+ expect($.deck('getContainer')).toHaveClass(defaults.classes.scale);
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe('toggleScale()', function() {
+ it('should toggle between adding and removing the scale class', function() {
+ $.deck('toggleScale');
+ expect($.deck('getContainer')).not.toHaveClass(defaults.classes.scale);
+ $.deck('toggleScale');
+ expect($.deck('getContainer')).toHaveClass(defaults.classes.scale);
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe('key bindings', function() {
+ var e,
+ $d = $(document);
+
+ beforeEach(function() {
+ e = jQuery.Event('keydown.deckscale');
+ });
+
+ it('should toggle scaling if the specified key is pressed', function() {
+ e.which = 83; // s
+ $d.trigger(e);
+ expect($.deck('getContainer')).not.toHaveClass(defaults.classes.scale);
+ $d.trigger(e);
+ expect($.deck('getContainer')).toHaveClass(defaults.classes.scale);
+ });
+ });
+});
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/test/spec.status.js Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+describe('Deck JS Status Indicator', function() {
+ beforeEach(function() {
+ loadFixtures('standard.html');
+ if (Modernizr.history) {
+ history.replaceState({}, "", "#")
+ }
+ else {
+ window.location.hash = '#';
+ }
+ $.deck('.slide');
+ });
+
+ it('should show the correct total number of slides', function() {
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.statusTotal)).toHaveText($.deck('getSlides').length);
+ });
+
+ it('should start at 1 of X', function() {
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.statusCurrent)).toHaveText(1);
+ });
+
+ it('should update to the correct number on slide change', function() {
+ $.deck('go', 2);
+ expect($(defaults.selectors.statusCurrent)).toHaveText('3');
+ });
+});
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/themes/style/neon.css Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+.deck-container {
+ font-family: "Gill Sans", "Gill Sans MT", Calibri, sans-serif;
+ font-size: 1.25em;
+ color: #aaa;
+ background: #000;
+}
+.deck-container .slide {
+ background: #000;
+}
+.deck-container h1 {
+ color: #0af;
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-weight: 100;
+ text-shadow: 0 0 50px #0af, 0 0 3px #fff;
+}
+.deck-container h2 {
+ color: #af0;
+ border-bottom-color: #ccc;
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-weight: 100;
+ text-shadow: 0 0 15px #af0, 0 0 2px #fff;
+ border-bottom: 1px solid #333;
+}
+.deck-container h3 {
+ color: #fff;
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-weight: 100;
+ text-shadow: 0 0 10px #fff, 0 0 2px #fff;
+}
+.deck-container pre {
+ border-color: #333;
+}
+.deck-container pre code {
+ color: #fff;
+}
+.deck-container code {
+ color: #f0a;
+}
+.deck-container blockquote {
+ font-size: 2em;
+ padding: 1em 2em;
+ color: #fff;
+ border-left: 5px solid #fff;
+}
+.deck-container blockquote p {
+ margin: 0;
+}
+.deck-container blockquote cite {
+ font-size: .5em;
+ font-style: normal;
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-weight: 100;
+ color: #aaa;
+ text-shadow: 0 0 15px #fff, 0 0 2px #fff;
+}
+.deck-container ::-moz-selection {
+ background: #a0f;
+}
+.deck-container ::selection {
+ background: #a0f;
+}
+.deck-container a, .deck-container a:hover, .deck-container a:focus, .deck-container a:active, .deck-container a:visited {
+ color: #f0a;
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+.deck-container a:hover, .deck-container a:focus {
+ text-decoration: underline;
+}
+.deck-container .deck-prev-link, .deck-container .deck-next-link {
+ background: #f0a;
+ text-shadow: 0 0 3px #fff;
+}
+.deck-container .deck-prev-link, .deck-container .deck-prev-link:hover, .deck-container .deck-prev-link:focus, .deck-container .deck-prev-link:active, .deck-container .deck-prev-link:visited, .deck-container .deck-next-link, .deck-container .deck-next-link:hover, .deck-container .deck-next-link:focus, .deck-container .deck-next-link:active, .deck-container .deck-next-link:visited {
+ color: #fff;
+}
+.deck-container .deck-prev-link:hover, .deck-container .deck-prev-link:focus, .deck-container .deck-next-link:hover, .deck-container .deck-next-link:focus {
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+.boxshadow .deck-container .deck-prev-link:hover, .boxshadow .deck-container .deck-prev-link:focus, .boxshadow .deck-container .deck-next-link:hover, .boxshadow .deck-container .deck-next-link:focus {
+ -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 20px #f0a, 0 0 5px #fff;
+ -moz-box-shadow: 0 0 20px #f0a, 0 0 5px #fff;
+ box-shadow: 0 0 20px #f0a, 0 0 5px #fff;
+}
+.deck-container .deck-status {
+ font-size: 0.6666em;
+}
+.deck-container .goto-form {
+ background: #000;
+ border: 1px solid #f0a;
+}
+.deck-container .goto-form label {
+ color: #fff;
+}
+.deck-container.deck-menu .slide {
+ background: #333;
+}
+.deck-container.deck-menu .deck-current {
+ background: #444;
+}
+.boxshadow .deck-container.deck-menu .deck-current {
+ background: #000;
+ -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 20px #f0a, 0 0 5px #fff;
+ -moz-box-shadow: 0 0 20px #f0a, 0 0 5px #fff;
+ box-shadow: 0 0 20px #f0a, 0 0 5px #fff;
+}
+.no-touch .deck-container.deck-menu .slide:hover {
+ background: #444;
+}
+.no-touch.boxshadow .deck-container.deck-menu .slide:hover {
+ background: #000;
+ -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 20px #f0a, 0 0 5px #fff;
+ -moz-box-shadow: 0 0 20px #f0a, 0 0 5px #fff;
+ box-shadow: 0 0 20px #f0a, 0 0 5px #fff;
+}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/themes/style/neon.scss Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+.deck-container {
+ font-family: "Gill Sans", "Gill Sans MT", Calibri, sans-serif;
+ font-size:1.25em;
+ color:#aaa;
+ background:#000;
+
+ .slide {
+ background:#000;
+ }
+
+ h1 {
+ color:#0af;
+ font-weight:normal;
+ font-weight:100;
+ text-shadow:0 0 50px #0af, 0 0 3px #fff;
+ }
+
+ h2 {
+ color:#af0;
+ border-bottom-color:#ccc;
+ font-weight:normal;
+ font-weight:100;
+ text-shadow:0 0 15px #af0, 0 0 2px #fff;
+ border-bottom:1px solid #333;
+ }
+
+ h3 {
+ color:#fff;
+ font-weight:normal;
+ font-weight:100;
+ text-shadow:0 0 10px #fff, 0 0 2px #fff;
+ }
+
+ pre {
+ border-color:#333;
+
+ code {
+ color:#fff;
+ }
+ }
+
+ code {
+ color:#f0a;
+ }
+
+ blockquote {
+ font-size:2em;
+ padding:1em 2em;
+ color:#fff;
+ border-left:5px solid #fff;
+
+ p {
+ margin:0;
+ }
+
+ cite {
+ font-size:.5em;
+ font-style:normal;
+ font-weight:normal;
+ font-weight:100;
+ color:#aaa;
+ text-shadow:0 0 15px #fff, 0 0 2px #fff;
+ }
+ }
+
+ ::-moz-selection{ background:#a0f; }
+ ::selection { background:#a0f; }
+
+ a {
+ &, &:hover, &:focus, &:active, &:visited {
+ color:#f0a;
+ text-decoration:none;
+ }
+
+ &:hover, &:focus {
+ text-decoration:underline;
+ }
+ }
+
+ .deck-prev-link, .deck-next-link {
+ background:#f0a;
+ text-shadow:0 0 3px #fff;
+
+ &, &:hover, &:focus, &:active, &:visited {
+ color:#fff;
+ }
+
+ &:hover, &:focus {
+ text-decoration:none;
+
+ .boxshadow & {
+ -webkit-box-shadow:0 0 20px #f0a, 0 0 5px #fff;
+ -moz-box-shadow:0 0 20px #f0a, 0 0 5px #fff;
+ box-shadow:0 0 20px #f0a, 0 0 5px #fff;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ .deck-status {
+ font-size:0.6666em;
+ }
+
+ .goto-form {
+ background:#000;
+ border:1px solid #f0a;
+
+ label {
+ color:#fff;
+ }
+ }
+
+ &.deck-menu {
+ .slide {
+ background:#333;
+ }
+
+ .deck-current {
+ background:#444;
+
+ .boxshadow & {
+ background:#000;
+ -webkit-box-shadow:0 0 20px #f0a, 0 0 5px #fff;
+ -moz-box-shadow:0 0 20px #f0a, 0 0 5px #fff;
+ box-shadow:0 0 20px #f0a, 0 0 5px #fff;
+ }
+ }
+
+ .no-touch & .slide:hover {
+ background:#444;
+ }
+
+ .no-touch.boxshadow & .slide:hover {
+ background:#000;
+ -webkit-box-shadow:0 0 20px #f0a, 0 0 5px #fff;
+ -moz-box-shadow:0 0 20px #f0a, 0 0 5px #fff;
+ box-shadow:0 0 20px #f0a, 0 0 5px #fff;
+ }
+ }
+}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/themes/style/swiss.css Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+.deck-container {
+ font-family: "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif;
+ font-size: 1.25em;
+ background: #fff;
+}
+.deck-container .slide {
+ background: #fff;
+}
+.deck-container h1 {
+ color: #000;
+}
+.deck-container h2 {
+ color: #c00;
+ border-bottom-color: #ccc;
+}
+.deck-container h3 {
+ color: #888;
+}
+.deck-container pre {
+ border-color: #ccc;
+}
+.deck-container code {
+ color: #888;
+}
+.deck-container blockquote {
+ font-size: 2em;
+ font-style: italic;
+ padding: 1em 2em;
+ color: #000;
+ border-left: 5px solid #ccc;
+}
+.deck-container blockquote p {
+ margin: 0;
+}
+.deck-container blockquote cite {
+ font-size: .5em;
+ font-style: normal;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ color: #888;
+}
+.deck-container ::-moz-selection {
+ background: #c00;
+ color: #fff;
+}
+.deck-container ::selection {
+ background: #c00;
+ color: #fff;
+}
+.deck-container a, .deck-container a:hover, .deck-container a:focus, .deck-container a:active, .deck-container a:visited {
+ color: #c00;
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+.deck-container a:hover, .deck-container a:focus {
+ text-decoration: underline;
+}
+.deck-container .deck-prev-link, .deck-container .deck-next-link {
+ background: #ccc;
+ font-family: serif;
+}
+.deck-container .deck-prev-link, .deck-container .deck-prev-link:hover, .deck-container .deck-prev-link:focus, .deck-container .deck-prev-link:active, .deck-container .deck-prev-link:visited, .deck-container .deck-next-link, .deck-container .deck-next-link:hover, .deck-container .deck-next-link:focus, .deck-container .deck-next-link:active, .deck-container .deck-next-link:visited {
+ color: #fff;
+}
+.deck-container .deck-prev-link:hover, .deck-container .deck-prev-link:focus, .deck-container .deck-next-link:hover, .deck-container .deck-next-link:focus {
+ background: #c00;
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+.deck-container .deck-status {
+ font-size: 0.6666em;
+}
+.deck-container.deck-menu .slide {
+ background: #eee;
+}
+.deck-container.deck-menu .deck-current, .no-touch .deck-container.deck-menu .slide:hover {
+ background: #ddf;
+}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/themes/style/swiss.scss Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+.deck-container {
+ font-family: "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif;
+ font-size:1.25em;
+ background:#fff;
+
+ .slide {
+ background:#fff;
+ }
+
+ h1 {
+ color:#000;
+ }
+
+ h2 {
+ color:#c00;
+ border-bottom-color:#ccc;
+ }
+
+ h3 {
+ color:#888;
+ }
+
+ pre {
+ border-color:#ccc;
+ }
+
+ code {
+ color:#888;
+ }
+
+ blockquote {
+ font-size:2em;
+ font-style:italic;
+ padding:1em 2em;
+ color:#000;
+ border-left:5px solid #ccc;
+
+ p {
+ margin:0;
+ }
+
+ cite {
+ font-size:.5em;
+ font-style:normal;
+ font-weight:bold;
+ color:#888;
+ }
+ }
+
+ ::-moz-selection{ background:#c00; color:#fff; }
+ ::selection { background:#c00; color:#fff; }
+
+ a {
+ &, &:hover, &:focus, &:active, &:visited {
+ color:#c00;
+ text-decoration:none;
+ }
+
+ &:hover, &:focus {
+ text-decoration:underline;
+ }
+ }
+
+ .deck-prev-link, .deck-next-link {
+ background:#ccc;
+ font-family:serif; // sans-serif arrows x-browser fail
+
+ &, &:hover, &:focus, &:active, &:visited {
+ color:#fff;
+ }
+
+ &:hover, &:focus {
+ background:#c00;
+ text-decoration:none;
+ }
+ }
+
+ .deck-status {
+ font-size:0.6666em;
+ }
+
+ &.deck-menu {
+ .slide {
+ background:#eee;
+ }
+
+ .deck-current, .no-touch & .slide:hover {
+ background:#ddf;
+ }
+ }
+}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/themes/style/web-2.0.css Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+.deck-container {
+ font-family: "Gill Sans", "Gill Sans MT", Calibri, sans-serif;
+ font-size: 1.25em;
+ background: #f4fafe;
+ /* Old browsers */
+ background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #f4fafe 0%, #ccf0f0 100%);
+ /* FF3.6+ */
+ background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%, #f4fafe), color-stop(100%, #ccf0f0));
+ /* Chrome,Safari4+ */
+ background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #f4fafe 0%, #ccf0f0 100%);
+ /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */
+ background: -o-linear-gradient(top, #f4fafe 0%, #ccf0f0 100%);
+ /* Opera11.10+ */
+ background: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #f4fafe 0%, #ccf0f0 100%);
+ /* IE10+ */
+ background: linear-gradient(top, #f4fafe 0%, #ccf0f0 100%);
+ /* W3C */
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+}
+.deck-container > .slide {
+ text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
+}
+.deck-container h1, .deck-container h2, .deck-container h3, .deck-container h4, .deck-container h5, .deck-container h6 {
+ font-family: "Hoefler Text", Constantia, Palatino, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Georgia, serif;
+}
+.deck-container h1 {
+ color: #08455f;
+}
+.deck-container h2 {
+ color: #0b7495;
+ border-bottom: 0;
+}
+.cssreflections .deck-container h2 {
+ line-height: 1;
+ -webkit-box-reflect: below -0.556em -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(transparent), color-stop(0.3, transparent), color-stop(0.7, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1)), to(transparent));
+ -moz-box-reflect: below -0.556em -moz-linear-gradient(top, transparent 0%, transparent 30%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 100%);
+}
+.deck-container h3 {
+ color: #000;
+}
+.deck-container pre {
+ border-color: #cde;
+ background: #fff;
+ position: relative;
+ /* http://nicolasgallagher.com/css-drop-shadows-without-images/ */
+}
+.borderradius .deck-container pre {
+ -webkit-border-radius: 5px;
+ -moz-border-radius: 5px;
+ border-radius: 5px;
+}
+.csstransforms.boxshadow .deck-container pre:before, .csstransforms.boxshadow .deck-container pre:after {
+ content: "";
+ position: absolute;
+ z-index: -1;
+ bottom: 15px;
+ width: 50%;
+ height: 20%;
+ max-width: 300px;
+ -webkit-box-shadow: 0 15px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);
+ -moz-box-shadow: 0 15px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);
+ box-shadow: 0 15px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);
+}
+.csstransforms.boxshadow .deck-container pre:before {
+ left: 10px;
+ -webkit-transform: rotate(-3deg);
+ -moz-transform: rotate(-3deg);
+ -ms-transform: rotate(-3deg);
+ -o-transform: rotate(-3deg);
+ transform: rotate(-3deg);
+}
+.csstransforms.boxshadow .deck-container pre:after {
+ right: 10px;
+ -webkit-transform: rotate(3deg);
+ -moz-transform: rotate(3deg);
+ -ms-transform: rotate(3deg);
+ -o-transform: rotate(3deg);
+ transform: rotate(3deg);
+}
+.deck-container code {
+ color: #789;
+}
+.deck-container blockquote {
+ font-family: "Hoefler Text", Constantia, Palatino, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Georgia, serif;
+ font-size: 2em;
+ padding: 1em 2em .5em 2em;
+ color: #000;
+ background: #fff;
+ position: relative;
+ border: 1px solid #cde;
+}
+.borderradius .deck-container blockquote {
+ -webkit-border-radius: 5px;
+ -moz-border-radius: 5px;
+ border-radius: 5px;
+}
+.boxshadow .deck-container blockquote:after {
+ content: "";
+ position: absolute;
+ z-index: -1;
+ top: 10px;
+ bottom: 10px;
+ left: 0;
+ right: 50%;
+ -moz-border-radius: 10px/100px;
+ border-radius: 10px/100px;
+ -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
+ -moz-box-shadow: 0 0 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
+ box-shadow: 0 0 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
+}
+.deck-container blockquote p {
+ margin: 0;
+}
+.deck-container blockquote cite {
+ font-size: .5em;
+ font-style: normal;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ color: #888;
+}
+.deck-container blockquote:before {
+ content: "“";
+ position: absolute;
+ top: 0;
+ left: 0;
+ font-size: 5em;
+ line-height: 1;
+ color: #ccf0f0;
+ z-index: 1;
+}
+.deck-container .borderradius img {
+ -webkit-border-radius: 5px;
+ -moz-border-radius: 5px;
+ border-radius: 5px;
+}
+.deck-container ::-moz-selection {
+ background: #08455f;
+ color: #fff;
+}
+.deck-container ::selection {
+ background: #08455f;
+ color: #fff;
+}
+.deck-container a, .deck-container a:hover, .deck-container a:focus, .deck-container a:active, .deck-container a:visited {
+ color: #599;
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+.deck-container a:hover, .deck-container a:focus {
+ text-decoration: underline;
+}
+.deck-container .deck-prev-link, .deck-container .deck-next-link {
+ background: #fff;
+ opacity: 0.5;
+}
+.deck-container .deck-prev-link, .deck-container .deck-prev-link:hover, .deck-container .deck-prev-link:focus, .deck-container .deck-prev-link:active, .deck-container .deck-prev-link:visited, .deck-container .deck-next-link, .deck-container .deck-next-link:hover, .deck-container .deck-next-link:focus, .deck-container .deck-next-link:active, .deck-container .deck-next-link:visited {
+ color: #599;
+}
+.deck-container .deck-prev-link:hover, .deck-container .deck-prev-link:focus, .deck-container .deck-next-link:hover, .deck-container .deck-next-link:focus {
+ opacity: 1;
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+.deck-container .deck-status {
+ font-size: 0.6666em;
+}
+.deck-container.deck-menu .slide {
+ background: transparent;
+ -webkit-border-radius: 5px;
+ -moz-border-radius: 5px;
+ border-radius: 5px;
+}
+.rgba .deck-container.deck-menu .slide {
+ background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
+}
+.deck-container.deck-menu .slide.deck-current, .rgba .deck-container.deck-menu .slide.deck-current, .no-touch .deck-container.deck-menu .slide:hover {
+ background: #fff;
+}
+.deck-container .goto-form {
+ background: #fff;
+ border: 1px solid #cde;
+ -webkit-border-radius: 5px;
+ -moz-border-radius: 5px;
+ border-radius: 5px;
+}
+.boxshadow .deck-container .goto-form {
+ -webkit-box-shadow: 0 15px 10px -10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5), 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3), 0 0 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) inset;
+ -moz-box-shadow: 0 15px 10px -10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5), 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3), 0 0 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) inset;
+ box-shadow: 0 15px 10px -10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5), 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3), 0 0 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) inset;
+}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/themes/style/web-2.0.scss Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+@mixin border-radius($r) {
+ -webkit-border-radius:$r;
+ -moz-border-radius:$r;
+ border-radius:$r;
+}
+
+@mixin rotate($deg) {
+ -webkit-transform:rotate($deg);
+ -moz-transform:rotate($deg);
+ -ms-transform:rotate($deg);
+ -o-transform:rotate($deg);
+ transform:rotate($deg);
+}
+
+@mixin box-shadow($x, $y, $blur, $color) {
+ -webkit-box-shadow:$x $y $blur $color;
+ -moz-box-shadow:$x $y $blur $color;
+ box-shadow:$x $y $blur $color;
+}
+
+
+.deck-container {
+ font-family: "Gill Sans", "Gill Sans MT", Calibri, sans-serif;
+ font-size:1.25em;
+ background: rgb(244,250,254); /* Old browsers */
+ background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, rgba(244,250,254,1) 0%, rgba(204,240,240,1) 100%); /* FF3.6+ */
+ background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,rgba(244,250,254,1)), color-stop(100%,rgba(204,240,240,1))); /* Chrome,Safari4+ */
+ background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgba(244,250,254,1) 0%,rgba(204,240,240,1) 100%); /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */
+ background: -o-linear-gradient(top, rgba(244,250,254,1) 0%,rgba(204,240,240,1) 100%); /* Opera11.10+ */
+ background: -ms-linear-gradient(top, rgba(244,250,254,1) 0%,rgba(204,240,240,1) 100%); /* IE10+ */
+ background: linear-gradient(top, rgba(244,250,254,1) 0%,rgba(204,240,240,1) 100%); /* W3C */
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+
+ > .slide {
+ text-shadow:1px 1px 1px rgba(255,255,255,.5);
+ }
+
+ h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
+ font-family: "Hoefler Text", Constantia, Palatino, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Georgia, serif;
+ }
+
+ h1 {
+ color:#08455f;
+ }
+
+ h2 {
+ color:#0b7495;
+ border-bottom:0;
+
+ .cssreflections & {
+ line-height:1;
+ -webkit-box-reflect:below -0.5555em -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(transparent), color-stop(0.3, transparent), color-stop(0.7, rgba(255,255,255,.1)), to(transparent));
+ -moz-box-reflect:below -0.5555em -moz-linear-gradient(top, transparent 0%, transparent 30%, rgba(255,255,255,.3) 100%);
+ }
+ }
+
+ h3 {
+ color:#000;
+ }
+
+ pre {
+ border-color:#cde;
+ background:#fff;
+ position:relative;
+
+ .borderradius & {
+ @include border-radius(5px);
+ }
+
+ /* http://nicolasgallagher.com/css-drop-shadows-without-images/ */
+ .csstransforms.boxshadow & {
+ &:before, &:after {
+ content:"";
+ position:absolute;
+ z-index:-1;
+ bottom:15px;
+ width:50%;
+ height:20%;
+ max-width:300px;
+ @include box-shadow(0, 15px, 10px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7));
+ }
+
+ &:before {
+ left:10px;
+ @include rotate(-3deg);
+ }
+
+ &:after {
+ right:10px;
+ @include rotate(3deg);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ code {
+ color:#789;
+ }
+
+ blockquote {
+ font-family: "Hoefler Text", Constantia, Palatino, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Georgia, serif;
+ font-size:2em;
+ padding:1em 2em .5em 2em;
+ color:#000;
+ background:#fff;
+ position:relative;
+ border:1px solid #cde;
+
+ .borderradius & {
+ @include border-radius(5px);
+ }
+
+ .boxshadow & {
+ &:after {
+ content:"";
+ position:absolute;
+ z-index:-1;
+ top: 10px;
+ bottom: 10px;
+ left: 0;
+ right: 50%;
+ -moz-border-radius: 10px / 100px;
+ border-radius: 10px / 100px;
+ @include box-shadow(0, 0, 15px, rgba(0,0,0,0.6));
+ }
+ }
+
+ p {
+ margin:0;
+ }
+
+ cite {
+ font-size:.5em;
+ font-style:normal;
+ font-weight:bold;
+ color:#888;
+ }
+
+ &:before {
+ content:"“";
+ position:absolute;
+ top:0;
+ left:0;
+ font-size:5em;
+ line-height:1;
+ color:#ccf0f0;
+ z-index:1;
+ }
+ }
+
+ .borderradius img {
+ @include border-radius(5px);
+ }
+
+ ::-moz-selection{ background:#08455f; color:#fff; }
+ ::selection { background:#08455f; color:#fff; }
+
+ a {
+ &, &:hover, &:focus, &:active, &:visited {
+ color:#599;
+ text-decoration:none;
+ }
+
+ &:hover, &:focus {
+ text-decoration:underline;
+ }
+ }
+
+ .deck-prev-link, .deck-next-link {
+ background:#fff;
+ opacity:0.5;
+
+ &, &:hover, &:focus, &:active, &:visited {
+ color:#599;
+ }
+
+ &:hover, &:focus {
+ opacity:1;
+ text-decoration:none;
+ }
+ }
+
+ .deck-status {
+ font-size:0.6666em;
+ }
+
+ &.deck-menu {
+ .slide {
+ background:transparent;
+ @include border-radius(5px);
+
+ .rgba & {
+ background:rgba(0,0,0,.1);
+ }
+
+ &.deck-current, .rgba &.deck-current, .no-touch &:hover {
+ background:#fff;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ .goto-form {
+ background:#fff;
+ border:1px solid #cde;
+ @include border-radius(5px);
+
+ .boxshadow & {
+ -webkit-box-shadow: 0 15px 10px -10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5), 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3), 0 0 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) inset;
+ -moz-box-shadow: 0 15px 10px -10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5), 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3), 0 0 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) inset;
+ box-shadow: 0 15px 10px -10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5), 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3), 0 0 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) inset;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/themes/transition/fade.css Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container .slide {
+ -webkit-transition: opacity 500ms ease-in-out 0ms;
+ -moz-transition: opacity 500ms ease-in-out 0ms;
+ -ms-transition: opacity 500ms ease-in-out 0ms;
+ -o-transition: opacity 500ms ease-in-out 0ms;
+ transition: opacity 500ms ease-in-out 0ms;
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .slide {
+ position: absolute;
+ top: 0;
+ left: 0;
+ -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
+ -moz-box-sizing: border-box;
+ box-sizing: border-box;
+ width: 100%;
+ padding: 0 48px;
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .slide .slide {
+ position: relative;
+ left: 0;
+ top: 0;
+ opacity: 0;
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .slide .deck-before, .csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .slide .deck-previous {
+ opacity: 0.4;
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .slide .deck-current {
+ opacity: 1;
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .deck-previous, .csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .deck-before, .csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .deck-next, .csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .deck-after {
+ opacity: 0;
+ pointer-events: none;
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .deck-before .slide, .csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .deck-previous .slide {
+ visibility: visible;
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .deck-child-current {
+ opacity: 1;
+ visibility: visible;
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .deck-child-current .deck-next, .csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .deck-child-current .deck-after {
+ visibility: hidden;
+}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/themes/transition/fade.scss Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+@mixin translate($x: 0, $y: 0, $z: 0) {
+ -webkit-transform:translate3d($x, $y, $z);
+ -moz-transform:translate($x, $y);
+ -ms-transform:translate($x, $y);
+ -o-transform:translate($x, $y);
+ transform:translate3d($x, $y, $z);
+}
+
+@mixin transition($prop, $duration, $easing: ease-in-out, $delay: 0ms) {
+ -webkit-transition:$prop $duration $easing $delay;
+ -moz-transition:$prop $duration $easing $delay;
+ -ms-transition:$prop $duration $easing $delay;
+ -o-transition:$prop $duration $easing $delay;
+ transition:$prop $duration $easing $delay;
+}
+
+.csstransitions.csstransforms {
+ .deck-container .slide {
+ @include transition(opacity, 500ms);
+ }
+
+ .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) {
+ > .slide {
+ position:absolute;
+ top:0;
+ left:0;
+ -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
+ -moz-box-sizing: border-box;
+ box-sizing: border-box;
+ width:100%;
+ padding:0 48px;
+
+ .slide {
+ position:relative;
+ left:0;
+ top:0;
+ opacity:0;
+ }
+
+ .deck-before, .deck-previous {
+ opacity:0.4;
+ }
+
+ .deck-current {
+ opacity:1;
+ }
+ }
+
+ > .deck-previous, > .deck-before, > .deck-next, > .deck-after {
+ opacity:0;
+ pointer-events:none;
+ }
+
+ > .deck-before, > .deck-previous {
+ .slide {
+ visibility:visible;
+ }
+ }
+
+ > .deck-child-current {
+ opacity:1;
+ visibility:visible;
+
+ .deck-next, .deck-after {
+ visibility:hidden;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/themes/transition/horizontal-slide.css Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+.csstransitions.csstransforms {
+ overflow-x: hidden;
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container > .slide {
+ -webkit-transition: -webkit-transform 500ms ease-in-out;
+ -moz-transition: -moz-transform 500ms ease-in-out;
+ -ms-transition: -ms-transform 500ms ease-in-out;
+ -o-transition: -o-transform 500ms ease-in-out;
+ transition: transform 500ms ease-in-out;
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .slide {
+ position: absolute;
+ top: 0;
+ left: 0;
+ -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
+ -moz-box-sizing: border-box;
+ box-sizing: border-box;
+ width: 100%;
+ padding: 0 48px;
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .slide .slide {
+ position: relative;
+ left: 0;
+ top: 0;
+ -webkit-transition: -webkit-transform 500ms ease-in-out, opacity 500ms ease-in-out;
+ -moz-transition: -moz-transform 500ms ease-in-out, opacity 500ms ease-in-out;
+ -ms-transition: -ms-transform 500ms ease-in-out, opacity 500ms ease-in-out;
+ -o-transition: -o-transform 500ms ease-in-out, opacity 500ms ease-in-out;
+ transition: -webkit-transform 500ms ease-in-out, opacity 500ms ease-in-out;
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .slide .deck-next, .csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .slide .deck-after {
+ visibility: visible;
+ -webkit-transform: translate3d(200%, 0, 0);
+ -moz-transform: translate(200%, 0);
+ -ms-transform: translate(200%, 0);
+ -o-transform: translate(200%, 0);
+ transform: translate3d(200%, 0, 0);
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .slide .deck-before, .csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .slide .deck-previous {
+ opacity: 0.4;
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .deck-previous {
+ -webkit-transform: translate3d(-200%, 0, 0);
+ -moz-transform: translate(-200%, 0);
+ -ms-transform: translate(-200%, 0);
+ -o-transform: translate(-200%, 0);
+ transform: translate3d(-200%, 0, 0);
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .deck-before {
+ -webkit-transform: translate3d(-400%, 0, 0);
+ -moz-transform: translate(-400%, 0);
+ -ms-transform: translate(-400%, 0);
+ -o-transform: translate(-400%, 0);
+ transform: translate3d(-400%, 0, 0);
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .deck-next {
+ -webkit-transform: translate3d(200%, 0, 0);
+ -moz-transform: translate(200%, 0);
+ -ms-transform: translate(200%, 0);
+ -o-transform: translate(200%, 0);
+ transform: translate3d(200%, 0, 0);
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .deck-after {
+ -webkit-transform: translate3d(400%, 0, 0);
+ -moz-transform: translate(400%, 0);
+ -ms-transform: translate(400%, 0);
+ -o-transform: translate(400%, 0);
+ transform: translate3d(400%, 0, 0);
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .deck-before .slide, .csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .deck-previous .slide {
+ visibility: visible;
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .deck-child-current {
+ -webkit-transform: none;
+ -moz-transform: none;
+ -ms-transform: none;
+ -o-transform: none;
+ transform: none;
+}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/themes/transition/horizontal-slide.scss Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+@mixin translate($x: 0, $y: 0, $z: 0) {
+ -webkit-transform:translate3d($x, $y, $z);
+ -moz-transform:translate($x, $y);
+ -ms-transform:translate($x, $y);
+ -o-transform:translate($x, $y);
+ transform:translate3d($x, $y, $z);
+}
+
+@mixin transition($prop, $duration, $easing: ease-in-out, $delay: 0ms) {
+ -webkit-transition:$prop $duration $easing $delay;
+ -moz-transition:$prop $duration $easing $delay;
+ -ms-transition:$prop $duration $easing $delay;
+ -o-transition:$prop $duration $easing $delay;
+ transition:$prop $duration $easing $delay;
+}
+
+@mixin transform($val) {
+ -webkit-transform:$val;
+ -moz-transform:$val;
+ -ms-transform:$val;
+ -o-transform:$val;
+ transform:$val;
+}
+
+.csstransitions.csstransforms {
+ overflow-x:hidden;
+
+ .deck-container > .slide {
+ -webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 500ms ease-in-out;
+ -moz-transition:-moz-transform 500ms ease-in-out;
+ -ms-transition:-ms-transform 500ms ease-in-out;
+ -o-transition:-o-transform 500ms ease-in-out;
+ transition:transform 500ms ease-in-out;
+ }
+
+ .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) {
+ > .slide {
+ position:absolute;
+ top:0;
+ left:0;
+ -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
+ -moz-box-sizing: border-box;
+ box-sizing: border-box;
+ width:100%;
+ padding:0 48px;
+
+ .slide {
+ position:relative;
+ left:0;
+ top:0;
+ -webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 500ms ease-in-out, opacity 500ms ease-in-out;
+ -moz-transition:-moz-transform 500ms ease-in-out, opacity 500ms ease-in-out;
+ -ms-transition:-ms-transform 500ms ease-in-out, opacity 500ms ease-in-out;
+ -o-transition:-o-transform 500ms ease-in-out, opacity 500ms ease-in-out;
+ transition:-webkit-transform 500ms ease-in-out, opacity 500ms ease-in-out;
+ }
+
+ .deck-next, .deck-after {
+ visibility:visible;
+ @include translate(200%);
+ }
+
+ .deck-before, .deck-previous {
+ opacity:0.4;
+ }
+ }
+
+ > .deck-previous {
+ @include translate(-200%);
+ }
+
+ > .deck-before {
+ @include translate(-400%);
+ }
+
+ > .deck-next {
+ @include translate(200%);
+ }
+
+ > .deck-after {
+ @include translate(400%);
+ }
+
+ > .deck-before, > .deck-previous {
+ .slide {
+ visibility:visible;
+ }
+ }
+
+ > .deck-child-current {
+ @include transform(none);
+ }
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/themes/transition/vertical-slide.css Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container {
+ overflow-y: hidden;
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container > .slide {
+ -webkit-transition: -webkit-transform 500ms ease-in-out;
+ -moz-transition: -moz-transform 500ms ease-in-out;
+ -ms-transition: -ms-transform 500ms ease-in-out;
+ -o-transition: -o-transform 500ms ease-in-out;
+ transition: transform 500ms ease-in-out;
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .slide {
+ position: absolute;
+ top: 0;
+ left: 0;
+ -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
+ -moz-box-sizing: border-box;
+ box-sizing: border-box;
+ width: 100%;
+ padding: 0 48px;
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .slide .slide {
+ position: relative;
+ left: 0;
+ top: 0;
+ -webkit-transition: -webkit-transform 500ms ease-in-out, opacity 500ms ease-in-out;
+ -moz-transition: -moz-transform 500ms ease-in-out, opacity 500ms ease-in-out;
+ -ms-transition: -ms-transform 500ms ease-in-out, opacity 500ms ease-in-out;
+ -o-transition: -o-transform 500ms ease-in-out, opacity 500ms ease-in-out;
+ transition: -webkit-transform 500ms ease-in-out, opacity 500ms ease-in-out;
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .slide .deck-next, .csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .slide .deck-after {
+ visibility: visible;
+ -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 1600px, 0);
+ -moz-transform: translate(0, 1600px);
+ -ms-transform: translate(0, 1600px);
+ -o-transform: translate(0, 1600px);
+ transform: translate3d(0, 1600px, 0);
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .slide .deck-before, .csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .slide .deck-previous {
+ opacity: 0.4;
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .deck-previous {
+ -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, -200%, 0);
+ -moz-transform: translate(0, -200%);
+ -ms-transform: translate(0, -200%);
+ -o-transform: translate(0, -200%);
+ transform: translate3d(0, -200%, 0);
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .deck-before {
+ -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, -400%, 0);
+ -moz-transform: translate(0, -400%);
+ -ms-transform: translate(0, -400%);
+ -o-transform: translate(0, -400%);
+ transform: translate3d(0, -400%, 0);
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .deck-next {
+ -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 200%, 0);
+ -moz-transform: translate(0, 200%);
+ -ms-transform: translate(0, 200%);
+ -o-transform: translate(0, 200%);
+ transform: translate3d(0, 200%, 0);
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .deck-after {
+ -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 400%, 0);
+ -moz-transform: translate(0, 400%);
+ -ms-transform: translate(0, 400%);
+ -o-transform: translate(0, 400%);
+ transform: translate3d(0, 400%, 0);
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .deck-before .slide, .csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .deck-previous .slide {
+ visibility: visible;
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) > .deck-child-current {
+ -webkit-transform: none;
+ -moz-transform: none;
+ -ms-transform: none;
+ -o-transform: none;
+ transform: none;
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-prev-link {
+ left: auto;
+ right: 8px;
+ top: 59px;
+ -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg);
+ -moz-transform: rotate(90deg);
+ -ms-transform: rotate(90deg);
+ -o-transform: rotate(90deg);
+ transform: rotate(90deg);
+}
+.csstransitions.csstransforms .deck-next-link {
+ top: 99px;
+ -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg);
+ -moz-transform: rotate(90deg);
+ -ms-transform: rotate(90deg);
+ -o-transform: rotate(90deg);
+ transform: rotate(90deg);
+}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/deckjs/imakewebthings-deck.js-bb4870a/themes/transition/vertical-slide.scss Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+@mixin translate($x: 0, $y: 0, $z: 0) {
+ -webkit-transform:translate3d($x, $y, $z);
+ -moz-transform:translate($x, $y);
+ -ms-transform:translate($x, $y);
+ -o-transform:translate($x, $y);
+ transform:translate3d($x, $y, $z);
+}
+
+@mixin rotate($deg) {
+ -webkit-transform:rotate($deg);
+ -moz-transform:rotate($deg);
+ -ms-transform:rotate($deg);
+ -o-transform:rotate($deg);
+ transform:rotate($deg);
+}
+
+@mixin transition($prop, $duration, $easing: ease-in-out, $delay: 0ms) {
+ -webkit-transition:$prop $duration $easing $delay;
+ -moz-transition:$prop $duration $easing $delay;
+ -ms-transition:$prop $duration $easing $delay;
+ -o-transition:$prop $duration $easing $delay;
+ transition:$prop $duration $easing $delay;
+}
+
+@mixin transform($val) {
+ -webkit-transform:$val;
+ -moz-transform:$val;
+ -ms-transform:$val;
+ -o-transform:$val;
+ transform:$val;
+}
+
+.csstransitions.csstransforms {
+ .deck-container {
+ overflow-y:hidden;
+
+ > .slide {
+ -webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 500ms ease-in-out;
+ -moz-transition:-moz-transform 500ms ease-in-out;
+ -ms-transition:-ms-transform 500ms ease-in-out;
+ -o-transition:-o-transform 500ms ease-in-out;
+ transition:transform 500ms ease-in-out;
+ }
+ }
+
+ .deck-container:not(.deck-menu) {
+ > .slide {
+ position:absolute;
+ top:0;
+ left:0;
+ -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
+ -moz-box-sizing: border-box;
+ box-sizing: border-box;
+ width:100%;
+ padding:0 48px;
+
+ .slide {
+ position:relative;
+ left:0;
+ top:0;
+ -webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 500ms ease-in-out, opacity 500ms ease-in-out;
+ -moz-transition:-moz-transform 500ms ease-in-out, opacity 500ms ease-in-out;
+ -ms-transition:-ms-transform 500ms ease-in-out, opacity 500ms ease-in-out;
+ -o-transition:-o-transform 500ms ease-in-out, opacity 500ms ease-in-out;
+ transition:-webkit-transform 500ms ease-in-out, opacity 500ms ease-in-out;
+ }
+
+ .deck-next, .deck-after {
+ visibility:visible;
+ @include translate(0, 1600px);
+ }
+
+ .deck-before, .deck-previous {
+ opacity:0.4;
+ }
+ }
+
+ > .deck-previous {
+ @include translate(0, -200%);
+ }
+
+ > .deck-before {
+ @include translate(0, -400%);
+ }
+
+ > .deck-next {
+ @include translate(0, 200%);
+ }
+
+ > .deck-after {
+ @include translate(0, 400%);
+ }
+
+ > .deck-before, > .deck-previous {
+ .slide {
+ visibility:visible;
+ }
+ }
+
+ > .deck-child-current {
+ @include transform(none);
+ }
+ }
+
+ .deck-prev-link {
+ left:auto;
+ right:8px;
+ top:59px;
+ @include rotate(90deg);
+ }
+
+ .deck-next-link {
+ top:99px;
+ @include rotate(90deg);
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/jquery/jquery.min.js Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+/*! jQuery v1.7.1 jquery.com | jquery.org/license */
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--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/overview/extra.css Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
+.name {
+ color: blue;
+ font-family: monospace;
+}
+
+.pnExpression {
+ color: blue;
+ font-family: monospace;
+}
+
+.attribute {
+ font-family:verdana;
+ color: red;
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+
+
+
+/* --- EDITORIAL NOTES --- */
+.pending {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #BFEFFF;
+}
+
+.pending::before {
+ content: "Pending Review";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+.resolved {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #9BCD9B;
+}
+
+.resolved::before {
+ content: "Resolved";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+.inference {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+}
+
+.inference[id]::before {
+ content: "Inference: " attr(id);
+ width: 380px; /* How can we compute the length of "Constraint: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.inference::before {
+ content: "Inference";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+.syntax {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+}
+
+.syntax[id]::before {
+ content: "Syntax: " attr(id);
+ width: 380px; /* How can we compute the length of "Constraint: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.syntax::before {
+ content: "Syntax";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+.unamedconstraint {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #00f;
+ background: #fff;
+}
+
+
+.unamedconstraint::before {
+ content: "Constraint";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #00f;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+
+.constraint {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #00f;
+ background: #fff;
+}
+
+.constraint[id]::before {
+ content: "Constraint: " attr(id);
+ width: 380px; /* How can we compute the length of "Constraint: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.constraint::before {
+ content: "Constraint";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #00f;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+
+.interpretation {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #00f;
+ background: #fff;
+}
+
+.interpretation[id]::before {
+ content: "Interpretation: " attr(id);
+ width: 430px; /* How can we compute the length of "Interpretation: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.interpretation::before {
+ content: "Interpretation";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #00f;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+
+.deprecatedconstraint {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #00f;
+ background: #fff;
+}
+
+.deprecatedconstraint[id]::before {
+ content: "Deprecated: " attr(id);
+ width: 380px; /* How can we compute the length of "Deprecatedconstraint: " attr(id) */
+}
+
+
+.deprecatedconstraint::before {
+ content: "Deprecated";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #00f;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+.glossary-ref {
+ font-family:arial
+ font-style: italic;
+ background: #FFFFCC;
+}
+
+.dfn {
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+
+.conditional {
+ color: blue;
+}
+
+.grammar {
+ margin-top: 1ex;
+ margin-bottom: 1ex;
+ padding-left: 1ex;
+ padding-right: 1ex;
+ padding-top: 1ex;
+ padding-bottom: 0.6ex;
+ border: 1px dashed #2f6fab;
+}
+.nonterminal {
+ font-weight: bold;
+ font-family: sans-serif;
+ font-size: 95%;
+}
+
+.name {
+ font-family: monospace;
+}
+
+
+.xmpl {
+ padding: 1em;
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+}
+
+.xmpl::before {
+ content: "Example";
+ display: block;
+ width: 150px;
+ margin: -1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border: 1px solid #f00;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 3px 1em;
+}
+
+.anexample:before {
+ content: "Example:";
+ font-family: sans-serif;
+ font-size: 1.6ex;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+.anexample {
+ margin-top: 1ex;
+ margin-bottom: 1ex;
+ padding-left: 1ex;
+ padding-right: 1ex;
+ padding-top: 1ex;
+ padding-bottom: 0.6ex;
+ border: 1px dashed #2f6fab;
+ background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+.anexample table {
+ background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+
+.conceptexample:before {
+ content: "Example:";
+ font-family: sans-serif;
+ font-size: 1.6ex;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+.conceptexample {
+ margin-top: 1ex;
+ margin-bottom: 1ex;
+ padding-left: 1ex;
+ padding-right: 1ex;
+ padding-top: 1ex;
+ padding-bottom: 0.6ex;
+ border: 1px solid #00f;
+ background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+
+
+.codeexample {
+ font-size: 75%;
+
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="name"]:before {
+ content: "'";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="name"]:after {
+ content: "'";
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="optional"]:before {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size:130%;
+ font-family: monospace;
+ content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="optional"]:after {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size:130%;
+ font-family: monospace;
+ content: ")?";
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="plus"]:before {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size:130%;
+ font-family: monospace;
+ content: "(";
+}
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="plus"]:after {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size:130%;
+ font-family: monospace;
+ content: ")+";
+}
+
+
+div[class="grammar"] span[class="star"]:before {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size:130%;
+ font-family: monospace;
+ content: "(";
+}
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+<html>
+<head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8"/>
+ <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"/>
+
+ <title>The W3C PROV Provenance Model</title>
+
+ <meta name="description" content="An Presentation at the Dagstuhl seminar on provenance"/>
+ <meta name="author" content="Luc Moreau"/>
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=1024, user-scalable=no"/>
+
+ <!-- Core and extension CSS files -->
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="extra.css"/>
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+ </script>
+
+</head>
+
+<body class="deck-container">
+
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="title-slide">
+ <h2><p></p><p>The W3C PROV Provenance Model</p>
+ <p></p></h2>
+ <h3>
+<p> </p>
+<p><a href="http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/">Luc Moreau</a></p>
+<p><a href="http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lavm/">Co-chair of W3C Provenance Working Group</a></p>
+</h3>
+
+<p> </p>
+<p style="color:red; ">Warning: everything in this presentation is a DRAFT.</p>
+
+<p> </p>
+<p>Thanks to Paul Groth, Paolo Missier and the entire W3C Provenance Working Group</p>
+
+<a href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/overview/index.html">http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/presentations/wais-2012-18-14/prov-dm/overview/index.html (latest)</a>
+
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="title-slide">
+ <h2><p></p><p>Talk Outline</p>
+ <p></p></h2>
+
+<h4>
+<ul>
+<li> The W3C Working Group on Provenance
+<li> An example of Provenance
+<li> The PROV Data Model
+<li> PROV-N, PROV-O, PROV-Constraints
+</ul>
+</h4>
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="slide" id="charter">
+
+ <h2>Working Group Charter</h2>
+
+
+ <img src="images/wg-charter.png" alt="charter" style="max-width: 100%; " />
+
+ <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-wg/">http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-wg/</a>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="participants">
+
+ <h2>Participants</h2>
+
+
+
+<table>
+<tr valign="top">
+<td>
+<ul>
+<li>DERI Galway
+<li>European Broadcasting Union
+<li>FORTH
+<li>Financial Services Technology Consortium
+<li>DFKI
+<li>IBBT
+<li>Library of Congress
+<li>NASA
+<li>National Cancer Institute
+<li>Open Geospatial Consortium
+<li>OpenLink Software
+<li>Oracle
+<li>Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
+</ul>
+</td>
+<td>
+<ul>
+<li>Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
+<li>Revelytix, Inc
+<li>Newcastle University
+<li>The National Archives
+<li>TopQuadrant
+<li>Universidad Politecnica de Madrid
+<li>University of Edinburgh
+<li>University of Manchester
+<li>University of Oxford
+<li>University of Southampton
+<li>VU University Amsterdam
+<li>Wright State University
+</ul>
+</vr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="slide" id="provenance-definition">
+
+ <h2>A Definition of Provenance</h2>
+
+
+<p></p>
+<p></p>
+
+<p style="font-size: 150; ">
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-provenance" style="font-size: 150%; ">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="interchange">
+
+ <h2>Interchange</h2>
+
+
+<p>
+The idea that a single way of representing and collecting provenance could be adopted internally by all systems does not seem to be realistic today. </p>
+
+<p>Instead, a pragmatic approach is to
+consider a core data model for provenance that allows domain and application specific representations of provenance to be translated into such a data model and exchanged between systems. </p>
+
+<p>
+Heterogeneous systems can then export their provenance into such a core data model, and applications that need to make sense of provenance in heterogeneous systems can then import it,
+process it, and reason over it.</p>
+
+<p>Thus, the vision is that different provenance-aware systems natively adopt their own model for representing their provenance, but a core provenance data model can be readily adopted as a
+provenance <em>interchange</em> model across such systems.</p>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="layered1">
+
+ <h2>Layered Model</h2>
+
+
+ <img src="images/prov-family1.jpg" alt="layered model" style="max-width: 100%; " />
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="layered1">
+
+ <h2>Layered Model</h2>
+
+
+ <img src="images/prov-family2.jpg" alt="layered model" style="max-width: 100%; " />
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="example1">
+
+ <h2>Example</h2>
+
+
+ <img src="images/tr.png" alt="Example" style="max-width: 99%; " />
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="example1">
+
+ <h2>Example</h2>
+
+
+ <img src="../../../../model/examples/w3c-publication1.svg" alt="PROV-DM overview" style="max-width: 99%; " />
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="example2">
+
+ <h2>Example (reports)</h2>
+
+
+ <img src="images/w3c-publication-reports.svg" alt="PROV-DM overview" style="max-width: 99%; " />
+
+<span class="pnExpression">entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, [ prov:type='process:RecsWD' ])</span><br>
+<span class="pnExpression">entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type='process:RecsWD' ])</span>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="example-activity">
+
+ <h2>Example (activities)</h2>
+
+
+ <img src="images/w3c-publication-activities.svg" alt="PROV-DM overview" style="max-width: 99%; " />
+
+<span class="pnExpression">activity(ex:pub1,[prov:type="publish"])</span><br>
+<span class="pnExpression">activity(ex:pub2,[prov:type="publish"])</span>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="slide" id="agent">
+
+ <h2>Example (agent)</h2>
+
+
+ <img src="images/w3c-publication-agent.svg" alt="PROV-DM overview" style="max-width: 99%; " />
+
+<span class="pnExpression">agent(w3:Consortium, [ prov:type="Organization" ])</span><br>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="example-plan">
+
+ <h2>Example (plan)</h2>
+
+
+ <img src="images/w3c-publication-plan.svg" alt="PROV-DM overview" style="max-width: 99%; " />
+
+<span class="pnExpression">entity(process:rec-advance, [ prov:type='prov:Plan' ])</span><br>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="example-request">
+
+ <h2>Example (requests)</h2>
+
+
+ <img src="images/w3c-publication-requests.svg" alt="PROV-DM overview" style="max-width: 99%; " />
+<span class="pnExpression">entity(0004, [ prov:type="trans:transreq" %% xsd:QName ])</span><br>
+<span class="pnExpression">entity(0141, [ prov:type="trans:pubreq" %% xsd:QName ])</span><br>
+<span class="pnExpression">entity(0111, [ prov:type="trans:pubreq" %% xsd:QName ])</span>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="example-usage">
+
+ <h2>Example (usage)</h2>
+
+
+ <img src="images/w3c-publication-usage.svg" alt="PROV-DM overview" style="max-width: 99%; " />
+<span class="pnExpression">used(ex:pub1,ar1:0004)</span><br>
+<span class="pnExpression">used(ex:pub1,ar2:0141)</span><br>
+<span class="pnExpression">used(ex:pub2,ar3:0111)</span>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="example-generation">
+
+ <h2>Example (generation)</h2>
+
+
+ <img src="images/w3c-publication-generation.svg" alt="PROV-DM overview" style="max-width: 99%; " />
+<span class="pnExpression">wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, ex:pub1)</span><br>
+<span class="pnExpression">wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:pub2)</span>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="example-derivation">
+
+ <h2>Example (derivation)</h2>
+
+
+ <img src="images/w3c-publication-derivation.svg" alt="PROV-DM overview" style="max-width: 99%; " />
+<span class="pnExpression">wasDerivedFrom(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018)</span><br>
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="example-association">
+
+ <h2>Example (association)</h2>
+
+
+ <img src="images/w3c-publication-association.svg" alt="PROV-DM overview" style="max-width: 99%; " />
+<span class="pnExpression">wasAssociatedWith(ex:pub2, w3:Consortium @ pr:rec-advance)</span><br>
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="components">
+
+ <h2>PROV Data Model Components</h2>
+
+ <img src="images/components.png" alt="PROV-DM components" style="max-width: 100%; " />
+
+ <div class="element-ref" ref="prov-dm-components-ul"></div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="slide" id="overview-diagram">
+
+ <h2>PROV Data Model Structure</h2>
+
+ <img src="images/OverviewDiagram.png" alt="PROV-DM overview" style="max-width: 150%; width: 80%; " />
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="at-a-glance">
+
+ <h2>Relations at a Glance</h2>
+
+ <div class="element-ref" ref="relations-at-a-glance-div"></div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="prov-types-relations">
+
+ <h2>PROV-DM Types and Relations</h2>
+
+ <div class="element-ref" ref="prov-dm-types-and-relations"></div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="coponent1">
+
+ <h2>Component 1: Entities and Activities</h2>
+
+ <img src="images/Entities-Activities.png" alt="PROV-DM overview" style="max-width: 100%; " />
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<!-- PART II Entity -->
+
+<div class="slide" id="entity">
+
+
+ <h2>Entity</h2>
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-entity">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="entity-example">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="attributes-entity">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="note" id="entity.note">
+<p>some note here</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<!-- PART II Activity -->
+
+<div class="slide" id="activity">
+
+ <h2>Activity</h2>
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-activity">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="activity-example">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="attributes-activity">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="note" id="activity.note">
+<p>some note here</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<!-- PART II Generation -->
+
+<div class="slide" id="generation">
+
+
+ <h2>Generation</h2>
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-generation">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="generation-example">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="attributes-generation">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="note" id="generation.note">
+<p>some note here</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<!-- PART II Usage -->
+
+<div class="slide" id="usage">
+
+
+ <h2>Usage</h2>
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-usage">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="usage-example">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="attributes-usage">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="note" id="usage.note">
+<p>some note here</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="slide" id="component2">
+
+ <h2>Component 2: Agents and Responsibility</h2>
+
+ <img src="images/Agents-Responsibility.png" alt="Agents-Responsibility" style="max-width: 100%; " />
+
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- PART II -->
+
+<div class="slide" id="agent">
+
+
+ <h2>Agent</h2>
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-agent">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="agent-example">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="attributes-agent">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-person">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-organization">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-software-agent">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="note" id="agent.note">
+<p>some note here</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<!-- PART II Attribution -->
+
+<div class="slide" id="attribution">
+
+
+ <h2>Attribution</h2>
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-attribution">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="attribution-example">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="attributes-attribution">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="note" id="attribution.note">
+<p>some note here</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- PART II Association -->
+
+<div class="slide" id="activityAssociation">
+
+
+ <h2>Association</h2>
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-activityAssociation">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="association-example">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="attributes-activity-association">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="note" id="association.note">
+<p>some note here</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<!-- PART II Responsibility -->
+
+<div class="slide" id="responsibility">
+
+
+ <h2>Responsibility</h2>
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-responsibility">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="responsibility-example">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="attributes-responsibility">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="note" id="responsibility.note">
+<p>some note here</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<!-- PART II Derivation -->
+
+<div class="slide" id="component3">
+
+ <h2>Component 3: Derivations</h2>
+
+ <img src="images/Derivation.png" alt="Derivations" style="max-width: 100%; " />
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="derivation">
+
+
+ <h2>Derivation</h2>
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-derivation">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="derivation-example">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="attributes-derivation">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="note" id="derivation.note">
+<p>some note here</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- PART II Alternates -->
+
+<div class="slide" id="component4">
+
+ <h2>Component 4: Alternates</h2>
+
+
+ <img src="images/Alternates.png" alt="Alternates" style="max-width: 100%; " />
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="alternate">
+
+
+ <h2>Alternate</h2>
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-alternate">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="attributes-alternate">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="anexample-alternate">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="note" id="responsibility.note">
+<p>some note here</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="specialization">
+
+
+ <h2>Specialization</h2>
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-specialization">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="attributes-specialization">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="anexample-specialization">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="note" id="responsibility.note">
+<p>some note here</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="slide" id="component5">
+
+ <h2>Component 5: Collections</h2>
+
+ <img src="images/Collections.png" alt="Collections" style="max-width: 100%; " />
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-collection"></div>
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-insertion"></div>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-removal"></div>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-membership"></div>
+</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="layered1-2">
+
+ <h2>The PROV Family: The PROV Notation</h2>
+
+
+ <img src="images/prov-family2.jpg" alt="layered model" style="max-width: 100%; " />
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- -->
+
+<div class="slide" id="prov-n">
+
+ <h2>PROV-N: The PROV Notation</h2>
+
+<ul>
+<li>A notation aimed at Human Consumption
+<pre>
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type='pr:RecsWD' ])
+</pre>
+<li> Used in mapping data model to RDF (and XML)
+<img src="images/ProvRdf.png" alt="charter" style="max-width: 100%; " />
+<li> Used in providing semantics to data model
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="prov-n2">
+
+ <h2>Example in PROV-N</h2>
+
+<div style="font-size:small; max-width: 105%; ">
+<pre>
+
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+entity(pr:rec-advance, [ prov:type="prov:Plan" %% xsd:QName ])
+
+
+entity(ar1:0004, [ prov:type="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#transreq" %% xsd:anyURI ])
+entity(ar2:0141, [ prov:type="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq" %% xsd:anyURI ])
+entity(ar3:0111, [ prov:type="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/01-transitions.html#pubreq" %% xsd:anyURI ])
+
+
+wasDerivedFrom(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215,tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018)
+
+
+activity(ex:pub1,,,[prov:type="publish"])
+activity(ex:pub2,,,[prov:type="publish"])
+
+
+wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111018, ex:pub1)
+wasGeneratedBy(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, ex:pub2)
+
+used(ex:pub1,ar1:0004)
+used(ex:pub1,ar2:0141)
+used(ex:pub2,ar3:0111)
+
+agent(w3:Consortium, [ prov:type="Organization" ])
+
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:pub1, w3:Consortium @ pr:rec-advance)
+wasAssociatedWith(ex:pub2, w3:Consortium @ pr:rec-advance)
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="layered1-2">
+
+ <h2>The PROV Family: PROV-O</h2>
+
+
+ <img src="images/prov-family2.jpg" alt="layered model" style="max-width: 100%; " />
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="slide" id="prov-o">
+
+ <h2>PROV-O: An OWL2 Ontology for PROV </h2>
+
+ <img src="images/provo.png" alt="PROV-O overview" />
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="prov-aq">
+
+ <h2>PROV-AQ: Provenance Access and Query </h2>
+
+ <img src="images/prov-family2.jpg" alt="layered model" style="max-width: 100%; " />
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="layered1-4">
+
+ <h2>The PROV Family: PROV Constraints</h2>
+
+
+ <img src="images/prov-family2.jpg" alt="layered model" style="max-width: 100%; " />
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+<!-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- -->
+
+<div class="slide" id="time">
+
+
+ <h2>Time</h2>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Time is critical in the context of provenance</li>
+<li>Time can help corroborate provenance claims</li>
+<li> For instance, if an entity is claimed to be obtained by transforming another, then the
+latter must have existed before the former. If it is not the case, then there is something wrong with such a provenance claim </li>
+<li>Minimal time assumptions since provenance can be used in many contexts (standalone system, web, space)</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<div class="note" id="responsibility.note">
+<p>some note here</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="events">
+
+
+ <h2>Events</h2>
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-event">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-generation-event">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-usage-event">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-destruction-event">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-start-event">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<div class="glossary-ref" ref="glossary-end-event">
+</div>
+</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="note" id="responsibility.note">
+<p>some note here</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="partial States">
+
+
+ <h2>Partial States</h2>
+
+<ul>
+<li>From a provenance viewpoint, it is important to identify a "<em>partial state</em>" of something, i.e. something with some aspects that have been fixed, so that it becomes possible to express its provenance, and what causes that thing, with these specific aspects to be as such. </li>
+
+<li> Attributes in PROV-DM help fix some aspect of entities.</li>
+<li> Entities are things in the world one wants to provide provenance for;
+ attribute-values describe entities' "partial states"</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+<pre>
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="pr:RecsWD" %% xsd:QName ])
+</pre>
+
+<pre>
+entity(tr:WD-prov-dm-20111215, [ prov:type="document", ex:version="2" ])
+</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="responsibility.note">
+<p>some note here</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="constraints">
+
+
+ <h2>Constraints</h2>
+
+<p>
+ <img src="images/path6912.png" alt="constraints" style="max-width: 99%; " />
+</p>
+
+
+<p> </p>
+
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="start-precedes-end"></div>
+</p>
+
+<p> </p>
+
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="generation-precedes-usage"></div>
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="note" id="responsibility.note">
+<p>some note here</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="constraints2">
+
+ <h2>Constraints (2)</h2>
+
+<p>
+ <img src="images/g3271.png" alt="constraints" style="max-width: 99%; " />
+</p>
+
+
+<p> </p>
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="usage-within-activity"></div>
+</p>
+
+
+<p> </p>
+
+
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="generation-within-activity"></div>
+</p>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="account">
+
+ <h2>Account</h2>
+
+
+<p>It is common for multiple provenance records to co-exist. </p>
+
+<div class="anexample">
+For
+instance, when emailing a file, there could be a provenance record
+kept by the mail client, and another by the mail server.
+</div>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Such
+provenance records may provide different explanations about something
+happening in the world, because they are created by different parties
+or observed by different witnesses.
+<li> A given party could also create
+multiple provenance records about an execution, to capture different
+levels of details, targeted at different end-users: the programmer of
+an experiment may be interested in a detailed log of execution, while
+the scientists may focus more on the scientific-level description.
+</ul>
+<p>
+Given that multiple provenance records can co-exist, it is important
+to have details about their origin, who they are attributed to, how
+they were generated, etc. In other words, an important requirement is
+to be able to express the provenance of provenance. </p>
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="account2">
+
+ <h2>Account</h2>
+
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="glossary-account"></div>
+</p>
+
+<p> PROV-DM does not provide an actual mechanism for creating accounts, i.e. for bundling up provenance descriptions and naming them. Accounts MUST satisfy some properties:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>An account can be seen as a container of provenance descriptions, hence its content MAY change over time.</li>
+<li>If an account's set of descriptions changes over time, it increases monotonically with time. </li>
+<li>A given description of e.g. an entity in a given account, in terms of its identifier and attribute-value pairs, does not change over time. </li>
+</ul>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="account3">
+
+ <h2>Account Constraints</h2>
+
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="example-two-entities-one-id"></div>
+</p>
+
+<p> </p>
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="unique-description-in-account"></div>
+</p>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="account4">
+
+ <h2>Account Constraints (2)</h2>
+
+<p> </p>
+
+<p>
+<div class="element-ref" ref="generation-uniqueness"></div>
+</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="Conclusion">
+
+ <h2>Conclusion: Specifications</h2>
+
+<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+
+
+<tr><td>prov-primer</td>
+ <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td>prov-o</td>
+ <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a></td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td>prov-dm</td>
+ <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td>prov-dm-constraints</td>
+ <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm-constraints/</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td>prov-n</td>
+ <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td>prov-aq</td>
+ <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-aq/</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td>prov-sem</td>
+ <td>Work in progress</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td>prov-xml</td>
+ <td>work in progress</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td>best practice</td>
+ <td>work in progress</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td>-</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td>prov-json</td>
+ <td>Southampton contribution</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td>prov-datalog</td>
+ <td>Paolo Missier</td></tr>
+
+</table>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="slide" id="Implemenatation">
+
+ <h2>Conclusion: Implementations</h2>
+
+<table border="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+
+
+<tr><td>ProvToolbox</td>
+ <td><a href="https://github.com/lucmoreau/ProvToolbox">https://github.com/lucmoreau/ProvToolbox</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td>provpy</td>
+ <td><a href="https://github.com/trungdong/w3-prov/tree/master/provpy">https://github.com/trungdong/w3-prov/tree/master/provpy</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td>CollabMap</td>
+ <td>Trung Dong Huynh </td></tr>
+
+<tr><td>AgentSwitch</td>
+ <td>Trung Dong Huynh </td></tr>
+
+<tr><td>PoN (Patina of Notes)</td>
+ <td>Mike Jewell, Enrico Costanza</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td>DEEP (estat ebook)</td>
+ <td>Danius Michaelides, Huanjia Yang, Alex </td></tr>
+
+
+</table>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<!-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- -->
+
+
+<div id="glossary_div" class="remove">
+<!-- glossary loaded from glossary.js will be hooked up here,
+ class remove, will remove this element from the final output.
+-->
+</div>
+
+<div id="divs_div" class="remove">
+<!-- divs loaded from all-divs.js will be hooked up here,
+ class remove, will remove this element from the final output.
+-->
+</div>
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+ <div class="deck-note-container">my sub note 4</div> <!-- style="display: none; " -->
+</div>
+
+<div class="deck-show-notes">
+ <a href="#" class="deck-note-button">Show Speaker Notes</a>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Specific to this page -->
+<script src="introduction.js">
+</script>
+
+<script>
+
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+
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+</body>
+</html>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/overview/introduction.css Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
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+}
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+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/overview/introduction.js Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+$(function() {
+ // Deck initialization
+ $.deck('.slide');
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+++ b/presentations/wais-2012-04-18/prov-dm/overview/introduction.scss Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
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+ .theme-menu {
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+ -moz-border-radius:5px;
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+ overflow:hidden;
+ background:#fff;
+ font-family:sans-serif;
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+
+ .js & {
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+
Binary file primer/OverviewDiagram.png has changed
--- a/primer/Primer.html Fri Apr 20 01:10:42 2012 +0100
+++ b/primer/Primer.html Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -23,16 +23,22 @@
var extraReferences = {
"PROV-DM":
"Luc Moreau, Paolo Missier"+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215/\"><cite>The PROV Data Model and Abstract Syntax Notation</cite></a>. "+
- "15 December 2011. W3C Working Draft. (Work in progress.) "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111215/</a>",
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\"><cite>The PROV Data Model and Abstract Syntax Notation</cite></a>. "+
+ "Working Draft"+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</a>",
"PROV-O":
"Satya Sahoo, Deborah McGuinness"+
- "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-o-20111213/\"><cite>The PROV Ontology: Model and Formal Semantics</cite></a>. "+
- "13 December 2011. W3C Working Draft. (Work in progress.) "+
- "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-o-20111213/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-o-20111213</a>",
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\"><cite>The PROV Ontology: Model and Formal Semantics</cite></a>. "+
+ "Working Draft"+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/</a>",
+ "PROV-N":
+ "Luc Moreau, Paolo Missier"+
+ "<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\"><cite>PROV-N: The PROV Notation</cite></a>. "+
+ "Working Draft"+
+ "URL: <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/\">http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/</a>",
+
"TURTLE":
"Eric Prud'hommeaux, Gavin Carothers"+
"<a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-turtle-20110809/\"><cite>Turtle: Terse RDF Triple Language</cite></a>. "+
@@ -129,13 +135,12 @@
<section id="abstract">
<p>
This document provides an intuitive introduction and guide to the
- PROV data model for provenance [[PROV-DM]]. PROV-DM is a core data model for
+ PROV specification for provenance on the Web. PROV is a core data model for
provenance for building representations of the entities, people and
processes involved in producing a piece of data or thing in the world.
- This primer explains the fundamental PROV-DM concepts in an illustrative
- fashion, and provides examples applying the PROV-O OWL2
- ontology [[PROV-O]]. The primer is intended as a starting point for those wishing
- to create or make use of PROV-DM data.
+ This primer explains the fundamental PROV concepts and provides examples
+ of its use. The primer is intended as a starting point for those wishing
+ to create or use PROV data.
</p>
<!-- p>
@@ -148,31 +153,44 @@
various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of
interoperable interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous
environments such as the Web. This document is an
- intuitive introduction and guide to the [[PROV-DM]] data model for
- provenance. It includes simple examples applying the [[PROV-O]]
- OWL2 ontology.
+ intuitive introduction and guide with simple illustrative examples
+ of the core aspects of PROV.
+
+ <h4>PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
+The PROV family of specifications aims to define the various aspects that are necessary to achieve the vision of inter-operable
+interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web.
+The specifications are as follows.
+<ul>
+<li> PROV-PRIMER, a primer for the PROV data model (this document),</li>
+<li> PROV-DM, the PROV data model for provenance,</li>
+<li> PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS, a set of constraints applying to the PROV data model,</li>
+<li> PROV-N, a notation for provenance aimed at human consumption,</li>
+<li> PROV-O, the PROV ontology, an OWL-RL ontology allowing the mapping of PROV to RDF;</li>
+<li> PROV-AQ, the mechanisms for accessing and querying provenance; </li>
+<li> PROV-SEM, a formal semantics for the PROV data model.</li>
+<li> PROV-XML, an XML schema for the PROV data model.</li>
+</ul>
+<h4>How to read the PROV Family of Specifications</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>The primer is the entry point to PROV offering a pedagogical presentation of the provenance model.</li>
+<li>The Linked Data and Semantic Web community should focus on PROV-O defining PROV classes and properties specified in an OWL-RL ontology. For further details, PROV-DM and PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS specify the constraints applicable to the data model, and its interpretation. PROV-SEM provides a mathematical semantics.</li>
+<li>The XML community should focus on PROV-XML defining an XML schema for PROV-DM. Further details can also be found in PROV-DM, PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS, and PROV-SEM.</li>
+<li>Developers seeking to retrieve or publish provenance should focus of PROV-AQ.</li>
+<li>Readers seeking to implement other PROV serializations
+should focus on PROV-DM and PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS. PROV-O, PROV-N, PROV-XML offer examples of mapping to RDF, text, and XML, respectively.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
</section>
<section>
<h2>Introduction</h2>
<p>
- This primer document provides an accessible introduction to the PROV Data Model
- ([[PROV-DM]]) specification for representing provenance on the Web, and its expression
- in the PROV Ontology ([[PROV-O]]). Provenance describes
- the origins of things, so PROV-DM data consists of descriptions about the past.
- </p>
-
- <p>
- This primer document aims to ease the adoption of the specifications by providing:
- </p>
- <ul>
- <li>An intuitive explanation of how PROV-DM models provenance.</li>
- <li>Examples that can be followed to produce new PROV-DM data.</li>
- </ul>
-
- <p>
- The <i>provenance</i> of digital objects represents their origins. The PROV-DM is a
- proposed specification to represent provenance records, which contain <i>descriptions</i> of the entities
+ This primer document provides an accessible introduction to the PROV
+ specification for provenance on the Web.
+ The <i>provenance</i> of digital objects represents their origins. PROV is a
+ proposed specification to represent provenance records,
+ which contain <i>descriptions</i> of the entities
and activities involved in producing and delivering or otherwise influencing a
given object.
For the remainder of this document, we use the term 'provenance' to refer also
@@ -186,7 +204,7 @@
</p>
<p>
- As a specification for provenance, PROV-DM accommodates all those different uses
+ As a specification for provenance, PROV accommodates all those different uses
of provenance. Different people may have different perspectives on provenance,
and as a result different types of information might be captured in provenance records.
One perspective might focus on <i>agent-centered provenance</i>, that is, what entities
@@ -207,8 +225,8 @@
Provenance records are metadata. There are other kinds of metadata that is
not provenance. For example, the size of an image is metadata of
that image but it is not provenance.
- </p>
-
+ </p>
+
<p>
For general background on provenance, a
comprehensive overview of requirements, use cases, prior research, and proposed
@@ -218,29 +236,46 @@
that may help identify the provenance aspects of planned applications and
help plan the design of a provenance system.
</p>
+
<p>
- The next section gives an introductory overview of PROV-DM using simple examples.
- The following section shows how the formal ontology PROV-O can be used to represent the PROV-DM descriptions
- as RDF triples. The document also contains frequently asked questions, and an appendix giving example
- snippets of the Provenance Notation (PROV-N).
- For a detailed description of [[PROV-DM]] and [[PROV-O]], please refer to the respective documents.
+ This primer document aims to ease the adoption of the PROV specifications by providing:
</p>
+ <ul>
+ <li>An intuitive explanation of how PROV models provenance. A detailed description of
+ all the concepts and relations in the PROV Data Model is provided in [[PROV-DM]].</li>
+ <li>A simple self-contained example that illustrates how to produce and use PROV assertions, highlighting how
+ to combine PROV with other popular vocabularies such as FOAF and Dublin Core. A description
+ of the formal PROV ontology (PROV-O) can be found in [[PROV-O]].</li>
+ <li>Example snippets using a notation of PROV designed for human
+ consumption (PROV-N). Details of this notation can be found at [[PROV-N]].</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <p>There are additional reference documents for PROV that are not covered in this
+ primer, including the PROV Access and Query aspects of the specification (PROV-AQ),
+ the constraints on the PROV data model (PROV-DM-CONSTRAINTS),
+ a formal semantics of the PROV data model (PROV-SEM), and the PROV XML notation
+ (PROV-XML). </p>
+
</section>
<section>
- <h2>Intuitive overview of PROV-DM</h2>
+ <h2>Intuitive overview of PROV</h2>
<p>
- This section provides an intuitive explanation of the concepts in PROV-DM.
+ This section provides an intuitive explanation of the main concepts in PROV.
As with the rest of this document, it should be treated as a starting point for
- understanding the model. The PROV-DM model specification
+ understanding the model. The PROV-DM data model document [[PROV-DM]]
provides precise definitions and constraints to be used.
</p>
<p>
- The following diagram provides a high level overview of the structure of PROV-DM records,
- limited to some key PROV-DM concepts discussed in this document.
- The diagram is the same that appears in the [[PROV-DM]].
+ The following diagram provides a high level overview of the structure of PROV records,
+ limited to some key PROV concepts discussed in this document.
+ The diagram is the same that appears in the [[PROV-DM]] document.
+ Note that because PROV is meant to describe how things were created or delivered,
+ PROV relations are named so they can be used in assertions about the past.
+ This also affects the domain and range of the relations in PROV.
</p>
+
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img src="OverviewDiagram.png" alt="PROV-DM overview"/>
</div>
@@ -249,13 +284,13 @@
<h3>Entities</h3>
<p>
- In PROV-DM, physical, digital, conceptual, or other kinds of thing are called
+ In PROV, physical, digital, conceptual, or other kinds of thing are called
<i>entities</i>.
Examples of such entities are a web page, a chart, and a spellchecker.
Provenance records can describe the provenance of entities, and
an entity’s provenance may refer to many other entities. For example, a document D is
an entity whose provenance refers to other entities such as a chart inserted into D,
- the dataset that was used to create that chart, or the author of the document.
+ and the dataset that was used to create that chart.
Entities may be described as having different attributes and
be described from different perspectives. For example,
document D as stored in my file system, the second version of document D,
@@ -296,12 +331,12 @@
<section>
<h3>Agents and Responsibility</h3>
<p>
- An <i>agent</i> is a type of entity that takes an role in an activity such
- that it can be assigned some degree of <i>responsibility</i> for the activity taking
+ An <i>agent</i> takes a role in an activity such
+ that the agent can be assigned some degree of <i>responsibility</i> for the activity taking
place.
An agent can be a person, a piece of software, an inanimate object, an organization, or
other entities that may be ascribed responsibility.
- When an agent has some responsibility for an activity, PROV-DM says the agent was
+ When an agent has some responsibility for an activity, PROV says the agent was
<i>associated</i> with the activity, where several agents may be associated with
an activity and vice-versa.
Consider a chart displaying some statistics
@@ -319,6 +354,13 @@
for saying that the agent was responsible for the activity which generated
the entity.
</p>
+ <p>
+ One may want to describe the provenance of an agent. For example, an organization
+ responsible for the creation of a report may evolve over time as the report is written as
+ some members leave and others join. To make provenance assertions about an agent in PROV ,
+ the agent must be declared explicitly both as an agent and as an entity.
+ </p>
+
</section>
<section>
@@ -329,11 +371,11 @@
the relationship between an entity and an activity, whether
how an activity used an entity or generated an entity. Roles also specify how agents are
involved in an activity, qualifying their participation in the activity or
- specifying what agents controlled it.
+ specifying for what aspect of it each agent was responsible.
For example, an agent may play the role of "editor" in an activity that uses
one entity in the role of "document to be edited" and another in the role of
"addition to be made to the document", to generate a further entity in the role of "edited document".
- Roles are application specific, so PROV-DM does not define any particular roles.
+ Roles are application specific, so PROV does not define any particular roles.
</p>
<!--p>Roles are intended as an extension point in the model; it is expected users will define and use custom role taxonomies. Role interpretation is application specific.</p -->
</section>
@@ -352,8 +394,8 @@
For example, a given entity, such as a document, may go through multiple <i>revisions</i>
(also called versions and other comparable terms) over time. Between revisions,
one or more attributes of the entity may change.
- The result of each revision is a new entity,
- and PROV-DM allows one to relate those entities by making a description that
+ In PROV, the result of each revision is a new entity.
+ PROV allows one to relate those entities by making a description that
one was a revision of another.
Another specialized kind of derivation is to say that one entity, commonly
a document, <i>quotes</i> from another.
@@ -364,7 +406,7 @@
<h3>Plans</h3>
<p>
Activities may follow pre-defined procedures, such as recipes, tutorials, instructions, or workflows.
- PROV-DM refers to these, in general, as <i>plans</i>, and allows the description that a plan was followed, by agents,
+ PROV refers to these, in general, as <i>plans</i>, and allows the description that a plan was followed, by agents,
in executing an activity.
</p>
</section>
@@ -373,7 +415,7 @@
<h3>Time</h3>
<p>
Time is often a critical aspect of provenance.
- PROV-DM allows the timing of significant events to be described, including
+ PROV allows the timing of significant events to be described, including
when an entity was generated or used, or when an activity started
and finished. For example, the model can be used to describe facts such as when a new
version of a document was created (generation time), or when a document was
@@ -384,47 +426,58 @@
<section>
<h3>Alternate Entities and Specialization</h3>
<p>
- Entities are defined in a flexible way in PROV-DM, allowing for different
- perspectives to be taken as appropriate for the application. For example,
- some PROV-DM descriptions may refer to a document D, other descriptions may be
- more specifically about the second version of D, while another set may
- concern the copy of D stored on a particular hard disk. All three are
- different entities referred to with different identifiers, but are also perspectives
- or abstractions on the same thing. Because of
- this, the entities are said to be <i>alternates</i> of each other, and
- described as such. Being aware that two entities are alternates allows those
- consuming the PROV-DM data to know that understanding the provenance of one entity is salient
- to understanding the provenance of the other.
+ Entities are defined in a flexible way in PROV, allowing for different
+ perspectives to be taken as appropriate for the application. The following
+ are examples illustrate this idea.
</p>
+ <ul>
+ <li>The same entity can appear with different descriptions in a provenance record
+ because each appearance emphasizes different aspects of the entity, e.g.
+ a book may be described by its title in one place and by its author and publication date
+ in another.</li>
+ <li>The same entity can evolve over time into different
+ versions, e.g. a document that is repeatedly updated and has
+ subsequent releases over time.</li>
+ <li>The same entity can be copied
+ or replicated, e.g. a document may be copied to several directories.</li>
+ <li>An entity can go through different incarnations, e.g.
+ a committee producing a report may have a set of members when the report
+ is first released and have a different set of members when an update of
+ the report is released.</li>
+ </ul>
<p>
- In some cases, we can be more informative still. Where one entity is a more
- general or longer term perspective on the same thing as another, we can say that the latter
- is a <i>specialization</i> of the former. For example, both the second version
- of document D and the copy of D on the hard disk are specializations of document D in
- general. That is, D's period of existence will contain the periods in which the
- second version existed, and where a copy of D was on the hard disk. It is helpful
- to describe specialization in provenance data, because it indicates that everything
- which was true of one entity (the more specialized) was at some point true of
- the other (the more general).
+ In all these situations,
+ the more specific entities (the versions, copies, incarnations) can be said in PROV to be <i>specializations</i>
+ of the more general entity (the book, the document or the committee as a general entity).
+ The specific entities in each example are also <i>alternates</i> of each other, as they are specializations
+ of the same general entity.
+ Being aware that two entities are alternates allows those
+ consuming the PROV data to know that understanding the provenance of one entity is salient
+ to understanding the provenance of the other. Knowing that alternate entities are
+ specializations of another allows a consumer of PROV to refer to the general entity
+ with a unique identifier even though it is specified as different alternates
+ throughout the provenance records.
</p>
</section>
</section>
<section>
- <h2>Examples</h2>
+ <h2>Examples of Key Concepts in PROV</h2>
<p>
- In the following sections, we show how PROV-DM can be used to model
+ In the following sections, we show how PROV can be used to model
provenance in a specific example scenario.
</p>
<p>
- We include samples of how the formal ontology PROV-O
- can be used to represent the PROV-DM descriptions as RDF triples.
+ We include samples of how the formal ontology (PROV-O)
+ can be used to represent the PROV descriptions as RDF triples.
These are shown using the Turtle notation [[TURTLE]]. In
the latter depictions, the namespace prefix <b>prov</b> denotes
terms from the PROV ontology, while <b>ex</b> denotes terms specific to the example.
- </p>
+ We illustrate in these examples how PROV can be used in combination with other
+ languages, such as FOAF and Dublin Core (with namespace prefix <b>foaf</b> and
+ <b>dcterms</b> respectively). </p>
<p>We also provide a representation of the examples in the Provenance
Notation, PROV-N, used in the data model document. The full PROV-N data
@@ -453,11 +506,11 @@
ex:chart1 a prov:Entity .
</pre>
<p>
- These statements, in order, describe that there was an article (<code>ex:article</code>),
+ These statements, in order, refer to the article (<code>ex:article</code>),
an original data set (<code>ex:dataSet1</code>),
a list of regions (<code>ex:regionList</code>),
data aggregated by region (<code>ex:composition</code>),
- and a chart (<code>ex:chart1</code>), and that each is an entity.
+ and a chart (<code>ex:chart1</code>), and state that each is an entity.
Any entity may have attributes not specific to provenance, such as the title
of the article, expressed using <code>dcterms:title</code> above.
</p>
@@ -466,7 +519,7 @@
which we will introduce over the following sections. To start with, entities
are denoted using ovals, as shown below.
</p>
- <img src="images/entities.svg"/>
+ <img src="images/entities.png"/>
</section>
<section>
@@ -492,7 +545,7 @@
<p>
In visualizations of the PROV data, activities are depicted as rectangles, as below.
</p>
- <img src="images/activities.svg"/>
+ <img src="images/activities.png"/>
</section>
<section>
@@ -526,7 +579,7 @@
In visualizing the PROV data, usage and generation are connections between
entities and activities.
</p>
- <img src="images/use-generate.svg"/>
+ <img src="images/use-generate.png"/>
</section>
<section>
@@ -574,7 +627,7 @@
<p>
We can extend our graphical depiction to show the agents, association and attribution links.
</p>
- <img src="images/agents.svg"/>
+ <img src="images/agents.png"/>
</section>
<section>
@@ -646,9 +699,9 @@
</pre>
<p>
Similarly, the provenance includes descriptions that the same activity was
- enacted in a particular way (<code>ex:analyst</code>) by Derek, and that
- the entity <code>ex:composition</code> took the role of the composed
- data in what the activity generated.
+ enacted in a particular way by Derek, so it indicates that he had the role of
+ <code>ex:analyst</code>, and that the entity <code>ex:composition</code> took the role of the composed
+ data in what the activity generated:
</p>
<pre class="turtle example">
ex:compose prov:qualifiedAssociation [
@@ -665,7 +718,7 @@
<p>
Depicting the above visually, we have the following.
</p>
- <img src="images/roles.svg"/>
+ <img src="images/roles.png"/>
</section>
<section>
@@ -695,11 +748,17 @@
ex:chart2 a prov:Entity ;
prov:wasDerivedFrom ex:dataSet2 .
</pre>
+ <p>and that the new chart is a revision of the original one:
+ </p>
+ <pre class="turtle example">
+ ex:chart2 a prov:Entity ;
+ prov:wasRevisionOf ex:chart1 .
+ </pre>
<p>
Derivation and revision are connections between entities, and so depicted
with arrows in our visualization.
</p>
- <img src="images/derivation.svg"/>
+ <img src="images/derivation.png"/>
</section>
<section>
@@ -735,7 +794,7 @@
Plans are additional information about the connection from an activity to
an agent, and so, in our visualization, connect to the link between them.
</p>
- <img src="images/plans.svg"/>
+ <img src="images/plans.png"/>
</section>
<section>
@@ -776,7 +835,7 @@
Time is visualized as additional information regarding activities or the
links between activities and entities or agents.
</p>
- <img src="images/time.svg"/>
+ <img src="images/time.png"/>
</section>
<section>
@@ -794,20 +853,9 @@
<p>
The newspaper, from past experience, anticipated that there could be revisions
to the article, and so created identifiers for both the article in general
- (<code>ex:article</code>) and the first version of the article (<code>ex:articleV1</code>),
- allowing both to be referred to as entities in provenance data. The article
- discussed the GovData data set, and so the provenance data published by the
- newspaper describes the first version of the article as being derived from that data set.
- </p>
- <pre class="turtle example">
- ex:articleV1 a prov:Entity ;
- prov:wasDerivedFrom ex:dataSet1 .
- </pre>
- <p>
- Without some way to know entities <code>ex:article</code> and <code>ex:articleV1</code>
- are related, anyone looking at Betty's and the newspaper's PROV data above would
- not know that the blog entry was written about an article derived from GovData.
- Therefore, the newspaper also describes the connection between the two: that
+ (<code>ex:article</code>) as a URI that got redirected to the first version of the article (<code>ex:articleV1</code>),
+ allowing both to be referred to as entities in provenance data.
+ In the provenance records, the newspaper describes the connection between the two: that
the first version of the article is a specialization of the article in general.
</p>
<pre class="turtle example">
@@ -815,7 +863,8 @@
</pre>
<p>
Later, after the data set is corrected and the new chart generated, a new version
- of the article is created, <code>ex:articleV2</code>. To ensure that those
+ of the article is created, <code>ex:articleV2</code>, with its own URI where the article
+ is redirected to. To ensure that those
consulting the provenance of <code>ex:articleV2</code> understand that it
is connected with the provenance of <code>ex:article</code> and <code>ex:articleV1</code>,
the newspaper describes how these entities are related.
@@ -825,14 +874,10 @@
ex:articleV2 prov:alternateOf ex:articleV1 .
</pre>
<p>
- Here, <code>alternateOf</code> expresses that the first and second versions
- are specializations of the same thing (the article).
- </p>
- <p>
Specialization and alternate relations connect entities, and so are visualized
as links between them.
</p>
- <img src="images/specialization.svg"/>
+ <img src="images/specialization.png"/>
</section>
<section>
@@ -841,7 +886,7 @@
The set of provenance records above could be grouped into one or multiple bundles, referred to as <i>accounts</i>.
We visualize the whole example as a single account below.
</p>
- <img src="images/everything.svg"/>
+ <img src="images/everything.png"/>
</section>
</section>
@@ -902,12 +947,12 @@
<section>
<h3>Roles</h3>
<p>
- Roles are not declared directly in PROV-DM, rather they are attributes of
+ Roles are not declared directly in PROV, rather they are attributes of
relations. Thus, the entire Turtle example in Section 3.5 is rendered as follows:
</p>
<pre class="example asn">
- used(ex:compose, ex:dataSet1, [ prov:role = "ex:dataToCompose"], -)
- used(ex:compose, ex:regionList, [ prov:role = "ex:regionsToAggregteBy"], -)
+ used(ex:compose, ex:dataSet1, -, [ prov:role = "ex:dataToCompose"])
+ used(ex:compose, ex:regionList, -, [ prov:role = "ex:regionsToAggregteBy"])
</pre>
<p>
In the first description above, note that this adds a "role" attribute to the first 'used' description of A.3.
@@ -974,27 +1019,21 @@
<h2>Changes Since First Public Working Draft</h2>
<ul>
<li>Removed details about "things" and attributes from intuition on entities.</li>
- <li>Removed discussion of "eventually derived from" from intuition on derivation.</li>
- <li>Removed wasEventuallyDerivedFrom from example, and simplified example of derivation.</li>
+ <li>Removed discussion and examples of "eventually derived from" from intuition on derivation.</li>
<li>Revised language and namespace prefix (ex1) to talk about a single worked example.</li>
<li>Updated wasControlledBy to wasAssociatedWith.</li>
<li>Changed (Qualified)Involvement classes and associated relations to match current ontology.</li>
<li>Added actedOnBehalfOf in intuition and example.</li>
- <li>Made derivation more prominent than revision.</li>
<li>Removed the FAQ section.</li>
- <li>Added intuition section on plans.</li>
- <li>Added intuition section on time.</li>
- <li>Added intuition section on alternates and specialization.</li>
+ <li>Added intuition and example sections on plans.</li>
+ <li>Added intuition and example sections on time.</li>
+ <li>Added intuition and example sections on alternates and specialization.</li>
+ <li>Added intuition and examples on quotation.</li>
<li>Included description of attribution in intuition section on agents and responsibility.</li>
<li>Changed from ASN to PROV-N</li>
<li>Updated examples to latest PROV-O terms</li>
- <li>Added PROV-O examples for attribution </li>
- <li>Added PROV-O examples for plans, adoptedPlan </li>
- <li>Added PROV-O examples for specialization, alternate and quotation</li>
- <li>Added intuition section on quotation.</li>
- <li>Added PROV-O examples for time</li>
<li>Updated old PROV-N and added new PROV-N for all recently added concepts</li>
- <li>Many minor corrections from Working Group reviewers</li>
+ <li>Added provenance graph figures for the examples</li>
</ul>
</section>
Binary file primer/images/activities.png has changed
--- a/primer/images/activities.svg Fri Apr 20 01:10:42 2012 +0100
+++ b/primer/images/activities.svg Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -16,10 +16,13 @@
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height="106.33577"
xml:space="preserve"
- sodipodi:docname="activities.svg"><metadata
+ sodipodi:docname="activities.svg"
+ inkscape:export-filename="C:\Work\standards\w3c\prov\primer\images\activities.png"
+ inkscape:export-xdpi="90"
+ inkscape:export-ydpi="90"><metadata
id="metadata8"><rdf:RDF><cc:Work
rdf:about=""><dc:format>image/svg+xml</dc:format><dc:type
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id="defs6"><linearGradient
id="linearGradient4511"><stop
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@@ -192,6 +195,7 @@
+
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+
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@@ -229,16 +234,17 @@
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+ id="text268-7"
+ transform="translate(-13.23096,5)"><tspan
+ y="0"
+ x="0"
+ id="tspan270-40"
+ sodipodi:role="line"
+ style="font-size:11.19999981px;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;writing-mode:lr-tb;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none;font-family:ArialMT;-inkscape-font-specification:ArialMT">ex:</tspan><tspan
+ id="tspan4509-94"
+ y="14"
+ x="0"
+ sodipodi:role="line"
+ style="font-size:11.19999981px;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;writing-mode:lr-tb;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none;font-family:ArialMT;-inkscape-font-specification:ArialMT">compile</tspan></text>
+
</g></g></svg>
\ No newline at end of file
Binary file primer/images/agents.png has changed
--- a/primer/images/agents.svg Fri Apr 20 01:10:42 2012 +0100
+++ b/primer/images/agents.svg Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -16,10 +16,13 @@
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height="376.13803"
xml:space="preserve"
- sodipodi:docname="agents.svg"><metadata
+ sodipodi:docname="agents.svg"
+ inkscape:export-filename="C:\Work\standards\w3c\prov\primer\images\agents.png"
+ inkscape:export-xdpi="90"
+ inkscape:export-ydpi="90"><metadata
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rdf:about=""><dc:format>image/svg+xml</dc:format><dc:type
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id="defs6"><linearGradient
id="linearGradient3148"><stop
style="stop-color:#ffffff;stop-opacity:1;"
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+
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@@ -458,6 +462,7 @@
+
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@@ -486,6 +491,7 @@
+
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@@ -511,6 +517,7 @@
+
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@@ -552,6 +559,7 @@
+
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@@ -627,6 +635,7 @@
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+
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+
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+
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@@ -800,6 +813,7 @@
+
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id="g318"
@@ -850,6 +864,7 @@
+
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style="font-size:12px"
y="-421.20554"
@@ -866,6 +881,7 @@
+
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style="font-size:11.99999905px"
y="-654.78522"
@@ -882,6 +898,7 @@
+
<path
style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.92126256px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1"
d="M 506.9356,780.19235 79.473094,677.8999"
@@ -920,6 +937,7 @@
+
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@@ -953,6 +971,7 @@
+
</g><path
id="path344-6-9-2-6-1"
style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none"
@@ -1011,6 +1030,7 @@
+
<g
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id="g558-1-3"
@@ -1039,6 +1059,7 @@
+
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id="g572-5-1"
@@ -1074,6 +1095,7 @@
+
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Binary file primer/images/derivation.png has changed
--- a/primer/images/derivation.svg Fri Apr 20 01:10:42 2012 +0100
+++ b/primer/images/derivation.svg Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -16,10 +16,13 @@
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height="57.177254"
xml:space="preserve"
- sodipodi:docname="derivation.svg"><metadata
+ sodipodi:docname="derivation.svg"
+ inkscape:export-filename="C:\Work\standards\w3c\prov\primer\images\derivation.png"
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- y="0"
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+++ b/primer/images/entities.svg Fri Apr 20 01:14:49 2012 +0100
@@ -16,10 +16,13 @@
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height="144.10878"
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+ sodipodi:docname="entities.svg"
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+
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+
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