W3C

PROV-O: The PROV Ontology

W3C Editor's Draft 18 April 2012

This version:
http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/ontology/ProvenanceFormalModel.html
Latest published version:
http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/
Latest editor's draft:
http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/ontology/ProvenanceFormalModel.html
Previous version:
http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-o-20111213/
Editors:
Timothy Lebo, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA
Satya Sahoo, Case Western Reserve University, USA
Deborah McGuinness, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA
Mike Lang, Jr., Revelytix, USA
Authors:
(In alphabetical order)
Khalid Belhajjame, University of Manchester, UK
James Cheney, University of Edinburgh, UK
Daniel Garijo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
Stian Soiland-Reyes, University of Manchester, UK
Stephan Zednik, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA
Jun Zhao, University of Oxford, UK

Abstract

The PROV Ontology (PROV-O) expresses the PROV Data Model using the OWL2 Web Ontology Language (OWL2). It provides a set of classes, properties, and restrictions that can be used to represent and interchange provenance information generated in different systems and under different contexts. It can also be specialized to create new classes and properties to model provenance information specific to different domain applications.

The OWL encoding of the PROV Ontology is available here.

Status of This Document

This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the W3C technical reports index at http://www.w3.org/TR/.

This specification defines the PROV Ontology as the normative representation of the PROV Data Model using the Web Ontology Language (OWL2). This document is part of a set of specifications being created to address the issue of provenance interchange in Web applications. This document is accompanied by (1) the PROV Data Model, (2) the PROV Access and Query, and (3) the Primer documents.

This document was published by the Provenance Working Group as an Editor's Draft. If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to public-prov-wg@w3.org (subscribe, archives). All feedback is welcome.

Publication as an Editor's Draft does not imply endorsement by the W3C Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.

This document was produced by a group operating under the 5 February 2004 W3C Patent Policy. W3C maintains a public list of any patent disclosures made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains Essential Claim(s) must disclose the information in accordance with section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

The PROV Ontology (PROV-O) defines the normative OWL2 Web Ontology Language encoding of the PROV Data Model [PROV-DM]. This document describes the set of classes, properties, and restrictions that constitute the PROV Ontology. This ontology specification provides the foundation to implement provenance applications in different domains that can represent, exchange, and integrate provenance information generated in different systems and under different contexts. Together with the PROV Access and Query [PROV-PAQ] and PROV Data Model [PROV-DM], this document forms a framework for provenance information interchange and management in domain-specific Web-based applications.

PROV-O conforms to the OWL-RL profile and is lightweight so that it can be adopted in the widest range of applications. The PROV Ontology classes and properties are defined such that they can not only be used directly to represent provenance information, but also can be specialized for modeling application-specific provenance details in a variety of domains. Thus, the PROV Ontology is expected to be both directly usable in applications as well as serve as a reference model for creating domain-specific provenance ontologies and thereby facilitate interoperable provenance modeling. To demonstrate the use of PROV-O classes and properties, this document uses an example provenance scenario similar to the one introduced in the PROV-Primer [PROV-PRIMER]. PROV-O conforms to the OWL-RL profile and is lightweight so that it can be adopted in the widest range of applications.

The PROV Data Model [PROV-DM] introduces a minimal set of concepts to represent provenance information in a variety of application domains. This document maps the PROV Data Model to PROV Ontology using the OWL2 ontology language, which facilitates a fixed interpretation and use of the PROV Data Model concepts based on the formal semantics of OWL2 [OWL2-RDF-BASED-SEMANTICS].

We briefly introduce some of the OWL2 modeling terms that will be used to describe the PROV Ontology. An OWL2 instance is an individual object in a domain of discourse, for example a person named Alice or a car, and a set of individuals sharing a set of additional characteristics is called a class. Person and Car are examples of classes representing the set of individual persons and cars respectively. The OWL2 object properties are used to link individuals, classes, or create a property hierarchy. For example, the object property "hasOwner" can be used to link car with person. The OWL2 datatype properties are used to link individuals or classes to data values, including XML Schema datatypes [XMLSCHEMA-2].

The key words "must", "must not", "required", "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "recommended", "may", and "optional" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

2. PROV-O at a glance

PROV-O users may only need to use parts of the entire ontology, depending on their needs and according to how much detail they want to include in their provenance information. For this, the PROV-O terms (classes and properties) are grouped into four categories to provide an incremental introduction to the ontology: Starting Point terms, Expanded terms, terms for Qualifying relationships, and terms for Collections.

Starting Point classes and properties provide the basis for the rest of the PROV Ontology and thus it is recommended that readers become comfortable with how to apply these terms before continuing to the remaining categories. These terms are used to create simple provenance descriptions that can be elaborated using terms from other categories. The classes and properties in this category are listed below and are discussed in Section 3.1.

Expanded classes and properties provide additional terms that can be used to relate classes in the Starting Point category. The terms in this category are applied in the same way as the terms in the Starting Point category. Many of the terms in this category are subclasses or subproperties of those in the Starting Point category. The classes and properties in this category are listed below and are discussed in Section 3.2.

Qualified classes and properties provide elaborated information about binary relations asserted using Starting Point and Expanded properties. The terms in this category are applied using a pattern that differs from those in the Starting Point and Expanded categories. While the relations from the previous two categories are applied as direct, binary assertions, the terms in this category are used to provide additional attributes of the binary relations. The pattern used in this category allows users to provide elaborate details that are not available using only Starting Point and Expanded terms. The classes and properties in this category are listed below and are discussed in Section 3.3.

Collection classes and properties are specializations of the Starting Point and Qualified terms that describe the provenance of collections as key-value pairs that are inserted and removed to create new collections. The classes and properties in this category are listed below and are discussed in Section 3.4.

3. The PROV-O Ontology Description

This section introduces the terms in each of the following categories:

3.1 Starting Point Terms

The Starting Point category is a small collection of classes and properties that can be used to create simple, initial provenance descriptions. Three classes provide a basis for the rest of PROV-O:

These three classes and the properties that relate them are illustrated in the following figure.

PROV-O Starting Point terms
Figure 1. The three Starting Point classes and the properties that relate them.

Entities are related to each other using derivation, which is used to specify that the creation/existence of an entity was influenced in some way by the consumption of another entity. An entity can be attributed to an agent to specify that the entity was generated by some activity that the agent in question was associated with.

Activities may depend on each other. PROV-O distinguishes between two kinds of dependencies which are specified using the properties prov:wasInformedBy and prov:wasStartedByActivity. The first is used to specify that an activity used an entity that was generated by another activity, and the second is used to specify that an activity was started or triggered by another activity.

The following PROV-O describes the resources involved when creating a chart about crime statistics. The example uses only Starting Point terms and serves as a basis for elaboration that will be described in subsequent sections. In the example, Derek performs an aggregation of some government crime data, grouping by national regions that are described in a separate dataset by a civil action group.

@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix ex:   <http://example.org#> .

ex:bar_chart
   a prov:Entity;
   prov:wasGeneratedBy ex:illustrationActivity;
   prov:wasDerivedFrom ex:aggregatedByRegions;
.

ex:illustrationActivity 
   a prov:Activity; 
   prov:used              ex:aggregatedByRegions;
   prov:wasAssociatedWith ex:derek;
   prov:wasInformedBy     ex:aggregationActivity;
.

ex:aggregatedByRegions
   a prov:Entity;
   prov:wasGeneratedBy ex:aggregationActivity;
.

ex:aggregationActivity
   a prov:Activity;
   prov:wasStartedAt      "2011-07-14T01:01:01Z"^^xsd:dateTime;
   prov:wasAssociatedWith ex:derek;
   prov:used              ex:crimeData;
   prov:used              ex:nationalRegionsList;
   prov:wasEndedAt        "2011-07-14T02:02:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime;
.

ex:crimeData
   a prov:Entity;
   prov:wasAttributedTo ex:government;
.
ex:nationalRegionsList 
   a prov:Entity;
   prov:wasAttributedTo ex:civil_action_group;
.

ex:aggregatedByRegions prov:wasAttributedTo ex:derek .
ex:bar_chart           prov:wasAttributedTo ex:derek .

ex:derek
   a prov:Agent;
   a foaf:Person;
   foaf:givenName "Derek"^^xsd:string;
   foaf:mbox      <mailto:dererk@example.org>;
   prov:actedOnBehalfOf ex:chartgen 
.

ex:chartgen 
   a prov:Agent;
   a prov:Organization;
   foaf:name "Chart Generators";
. 

ex:government         a prov:Organization, foaf:Organization .
ex:civil_action_group a prov:Organization, foaf:Organization .

The example states that the agent ex:derek was associated with two activities: ex:aggregationActivity and ex:illustrationActivity. The activity ex:aggregationActivity used the entities ex:crimeData (a crime statistics dataset) and ex:nationalRegionsList (a list of national regions), and generated a new entity, ex:aggregatedByRegions, that aggregates the statistics in ex:crimeData according to the regions in ex:nationalRegionsList. The ex:aggregatedByRegions entity was then used by the ex:illustrationActivity activity, to generate a new entity ex:chart1 that depicts the aggregated statistics.

The example also states that the activity ex:illustrationActivity was informed by the activity ex:aggregationActivity. Indeed, the former used the entity ex:aggregatedByRegions, which was generated by the latter.

Because the agent ex:derek was associated with the activities ex:aggregationActivity and ex:illustrationActivity, the entities generated by these activities, i.e., ex:aggregatedByRegions and ex:chart1, were attributed to him.

Finally, the example states that the agent ex:derek acted on behalf of the organization ex:chartgen.

3.2 Expanded Terms

This section defines additional terms for describing provenance at a greater level of specificity in Agents (i.e., prov:Person or prov:SoftwareAgent and prov:Organization) and entities (prov:specializationOf and prov:AlternateOf).

Additionally, some of these terms provide the means to assert extended details about the concepts introduced in section 3.1 (prov:wasStartedBy and (prov:wasEndedBy in activities and prov:Location in entities). Further annotations on provenance records can be done through prov:Notes, although we can group the provenance statements in prov:Accounts in order to keep the record of the provenance metadata itself.

The new terms in this section also facilitate the modeling of common provenance assertions related to web resources. For example, different versions of a web page can be represented using the prov:wasRevisionOf property, the prov:hadOriginalSource property can be used to reference the original source of information used in a web resource and users can quote existent entities using the prov:wasQuotedFrom property. For expressing the dependency between two different entities, users can assert the prov:tracedTo property.

We illustrate below the use of the expanded terms using the crime file example from the previous section as reference. Agent Derek now publishes a post about his work with the aggregated file, while Monica publishes an alternate version to reach a more casual audience.

@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix ex:   <http://example.org#> .
@prefix sioc: <http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#Post> .

ex:accountPost{
	ex:accountPost 
		a prov:Account
	.
	ex:derek
	   a prov:Agent;
	   a foaf:Person;
	   foaf:givenName "Derek"^^xsd:string;
	   foaf:mbox      <mailto:dererk@example.org>;
	   prov:actedOnBehalfOf ex:chartgen 
	.
	ex:monica
	   a prov:Agent;
	   a foaf:Person;
	   foaf:givenName "Monica"^^xsd:string;
	   foaf:mbox      <mailto:monica@example.org>
	.

	ex:chartgen 
	   a prov:Agent;
	   a prov:Organization;
	   foaf:name "Chart Generators"
	. 

	ex:aggregatedByRegions
	   a prov:Entity;
	   prov:atLocation <file://Users/aggr.txt>
	.

	ex:post9821 
	   a prov:Entity, sioc:Post;   
	   prov:wasGeneratedBy ex:publicationActivity1123;
	   prov:atLocation ex:more-crime-happens-in-cities;  ##PERMALINK of the post
	   ex:snapshotContent ex:postContent0;                ##Snapshot with the content of this version
	   prov:qualifiedGeneration [
		  a prov:Generation;
		  prov:activity ex:publicationActivity1123;
		  prov:atTime "2011-07-16T01:52:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime; 
		  prov:atLocation <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Madrid>.
	   ];
	   sioc:title "More crime happens in cities"^^xsd:string;
	   prov:hadOriginalSource ex:aggregatedByRegions;
	   prov:wasAttributedTo ex:dereck
	.

	##Version 2 of the post
	ex:post9821v1
		a prov:Entity, sioc:Post;
		prov:atLocation ex:more-crime-happens-in-cities;   ##PERMALINK of the post
		ex:snapshotContent ex:postContent1;                ##Snapshot with the content of this version
		prov:wasRevisionOf ex:post9821;
		prov:specializationOf ex:post9821;
		prov:wasAttributedTo ex:dereck
	.

	##Rephrasing of the post in a new version
	ex:post9821v2
		a prov:Entity, sioc:Post;
		prov:atLocation ex:more-crime-happens-in-cities-for-dummies;  ##PERMALINK of the post
		ex:snapshotContent ex:postContent2;                           ##Snapshot with the content of this version
		prov:alternateOf ex:post9821v1;
		prov:specializationOf ex:post9821;
		prov:tracedTo ex:aggregatedByRegions;                         ##If the file hadn't existed, Monica would have not written the post
		sioc:title "More crime happens in cities for dummies"^^xsd:string;
		prov:wasAttributedTo ex:monica
	.
		
	   
	<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Madrid> 
		a prov:Location
	.

	ex:publicationActivity1123 
		a prov:Activity;
		prov:wasStartedAt      "2011-07-16T01:01:01Z"^^xsd:dateTime;
		prov:wasEndedAt        "2011-07-16T01:52:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime;
		prov:wasAssociatedWith ex:derek;
		prov:used              ex:aggregatedByRegions;   
		prov:generated         ex:post9821;
		prov:wasStartedBy 	   ex:dereck;
		prov:wasEndedBy 	   ex:dereck
	.
}

Agent ex:derek, acting again in behalf of the ex:chartgenerators organization, publishes a post about his recent changes to the aggregated file (ex:aggregatedByRegions). He also provides the location for the crime file, so everyone knows the content he has been browsing, and records the city where the publishing took place (Madrid). Since he is the one who started and ended the publishing activity (ex:publicationActivity1123), that information is recorded as well. The post produced by ex:derek (ex:post9821) includes a permanent link where the content of the latest version is shown (ex:more-crime-happens-in-cities) plus a snapshot of the content of the current version (ex:postContent0). Derek also adds additional metadata of the post, like the title.

However, inmediately after having published the post, Derek detects a typo. He doesnt' want to record the activity that led to the new version, so he just creates a new version and summarizes the changes in a revision of the original post(ex:post9821v1). This revision is also a specialization of the original post, since it is a refined version. Thus, the location of the new revision has the same permalink, but a different url for its snapshot (ex:postContent1).

Shortly after Derek's post publication, ex:monica adapts the text for a wider audience in a new version (ex:post9821v2). This version is an specialization of the original post, and an alternate of the first version modified by Derek. Since the provenance produced by Derek and Monica is related to the same resources, the system automatically groups it in the same prov:Account (ex:accountPost).

Some time passes by, and John writes his own conclusions quoting the previous two posts:

@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix ex:   <http://example.org#> .
@prefix sioc: <http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#Post> .

ex:accountPost2{
	ex:accountPost2 
		a prov:Account;
		prov:hasAnnotation ex:noteMadeByParser
	.
	
	ex:john 
		a prov:Agent
	.
	
	ex:post19201
		a prov:Entity, sioc:Post;
		prov:wasAttributedTo ex:john;
		prov:wasQuotedFrom post9821v1, post9821v2;
		prov:hadOriginalSource ex:aggregatedByRegions
	.
}

Agent ex:John also names the URI of the original source (ex:aggregatedByRegions). All the provenance statements related to his post are grouped in a new prov:Account (ex:accountPost2). Finally, a web crawler (ex:boogleParser) parses the second post. The crawler acts in behalf of Boogle, an organization that want to index the posts. It also adds an annotation on the second account (ex:accountPost2), stating at which date the parsing was made.

@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix ex:   <http://example.org#> .
@prefix sioc: <http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#Post> .

ex:noteMadeByParser{
	ex:noteMadeByParser 
		a prov:Note;
		prov:wasAttributedTo ex:boogleParser
	.
	
	ex:boogleParser 
		a prov:SoftwareAgent;
		prov:actedOnBehalfOf ex:boogle
	.
	ex:boogle
		a prov:Organization
	.
	
	ex:accountPost2 
		ex:parsedDate "2011-08-16T00:00:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime
	.
}

3.3 Qualified Terms

The classes and properties in the Qualified terms category are for users who wish to provide additional details about the relationships between entities, activities, and agents. The terms in this category are the result of applying the Qualification Pattern to the simple relations available in the Starting Point and Expanded categories.

For example, Figure 2 illustrates the classes and properties needed to fulfill the qualification pattern for the prov:used and prov:wasAssociatedWith properties. While prov:qualifiedUsage, prov:Usage, and prov:entity are used to qualify prov:used relations, prov:qualifiedAssociation, prov:Association, and prov:agent are used to qualify prov:wasAssociatedWith relations. This pattern applies to the twelve other relations that can be qualified.

In the example, the prov:qualifiedUsage property parallels the prov:used property, and references an instance of prov:Usage that provides attributes of the prov:used relation between the Activity and Entity. The prov:entity property is used to cite the Entity that was used by the Activity. In this case, the time that the Activity used the Entity is provided using the prov:atTime property and a literal xsd:dateTime value.

Similarly, the prov:qualifiedAssociation property parallels the prov:wasAssociatedWith property, and references an instance of prov:Association that provides attributes of the prov:wasAssociatedWith relation between the Activity and Agent. The prov:agent property is used to cite the Agent that was involved in the Activity. In this case, the plan that the Agent used is provided using the prov:hadPlan property and an instance of prov:Plan.

Express association between an activity and an agent using a binary relationship and an alternatie qualified relationship
Figure 2. An illustration of the qualification pattern applied to the Starting Point properties prov:used and prov:wasAssociatedWith.

The following two examples show the result of applying the Usage and Association patterns to the chart making example from Section 3.1.

Qualified Usage

The prov:qualifiedUsage property parallels the prov:used property to provide an additional description to ex:illustrationActivity. The instance of prov:Usage cites the data used (ex:aggregatedByRegions) and the time the activity used it (2011-07-14T03:03:03Z).

@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix ex:   <http://example.org#> .

ex:illustrationActivity 
   a prov:Activity;                   ## (Using Starting Point terms)
   prov:used ex:aggregatedByRegions;  ## The aggregated data was used to create the chart.
.

ex:aggregatedByRegions a prov:Entity .

ex:illustrationActivity		
   prov:qualifiedUsage  [
      a prov:Usage;
      prov:entity ex:aggregatedByRegions;                ## Qualification: The aggregated data was used 
      prov:atTime "2011-07-14T03:03:03Z"^^xsd:dateTime;  ## at a particular time when creating the chart.
   ];
.
Qualified Association

The prov:qualifiedAssociation property parallels the prov:wasAssociatedWith property to provide an additional description to ex:illustrationActivity. The instance of prov:Association cites the agent (ex:derek) that followed the instructions (ex:tutorial_blog).

@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix ex:   <http://example.org#> .

ex:illustrationActivity             
   a prov:Activity;                  ## (Using Starting Point terms)
   prov:wasAssociatedWith ex:derek;  ## Derek was responsible for the chart making in some way.
.

ex:derek a prov:Agent .

ex:illustrationActivity
   prov:qualifiedAssociation [       ## Qualification: What plan (or recipe, instructions) 
      a prov:Association;            ## did Derek follow when creating the graphical chart?
      prov:agent   ex:derek
      prov:hadPlan ex:tutorial_blog;
   ];
.

ex:tutorial_blog a prov:Plan, prov:Entity .

Usage and Association (described above) are accompanied by six other qualifications of Starting Point relations. The following table lists the simple relations that can be qualified, along with the qualification property, qualification class, and the property used to indicate the object of the qualified relation.

Qualification Property and Involvement Class used to qualify a Starting-point Property.
Starting-point Property Qualification Property Involvement Class Object Property
prov:actedOnBehalfOf prov:qualifiedResponsibility prov:Responsibility prov:agent
prov:used prov:qualifiedUsage prov:Usage prov:entity
prov:wasAssociatedWith prov:qualifiedAssociation prov:Association prov:agent
prov:wasAttributedTo prov:qualifiedAttribution prov:Attribution prov:agent
prov:wasDerivedFrom prov:qualifiedDerivation prov:Derivation prov:entity
prov:wasGeneratedBy prov:qualifiedGeneration prov:Generation prov:activity
prov:wasInformedBy prov:qualifiedCommunication prov:Communication prov:activity
prov:wasStartedByActivity prov:qualifiedStartByActivity prov:StartByActivity prov:activity

Six relations from the Expanded category can also be qualified. The following table lists the simple relations that can be qualified, along with the qualification property, qualification class, and the property used to indicate the object of the qualified relation.

Qualification Property and Involvement Class used to qualify an Expanded Property.
Expanded Property Qualification Property Involvement Class Object Property
prov:hadOriginalSource prov:qualifiedSource prov:Source prov:entity
prov:tracedTo prov:qualifiedTrace prov:Trace prov:entity
prov:wasEndedBy prov:qualifiedEnd prov:End prov:entity
prov:wasQuotedFrom prov:qualifiedQuotation prov:Quotation prov:entity
prov:wasRevisionOf prov:qualifiedRevision prov:Revision prov:entity
prov:wasStartedBy prov:qualifiedStart prov:Start prov:entity

This section finishes with two more examples of qualification as applied to the chart making example from Section 3.1.

Qualified Generation

The prov:qualifiedGeneration property parallels the prov:wasGeneratedBy property to provide an additional description to ex:chart1. The instance of prov:Generation cites the time (2011-07-14T15:52:14Z) that the activity (ex:illustrationActivity) generated the chart (ex:chart1).

@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix ex:   <http://example.org#> .

ex:chart1 
   a prov:Entity;                                ## (Using Starting Point terms)
   prov:wasGeneratedBy ex:illustrationActivity;  ## The chart was generated in an illustration activity.
.

ex:illustrationActivity a prov:Activity .

ex:chart1
   prov:qualifiedGeneration [
      a prov:Generation;
      prov:activity ex:illustrationActivity;             ## Qualification: The chart was 
      prov:atTime "2011-07-14T15:52:14Z"^^xsd:dateTime;  ## generated at a particular time.
   ];
.
Qualified Derivation

The prov:qualifiedDerivation property parallels the prov:wasDerivedFrom property to provide an additional description to ex:chart1. The instance of prov:Derivation cites the activity (ex:illustrationActivity) and the Usages and Generations that the activity conduced to create the chart (ex:chart1).

@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix ex:   <http://example.org#> .

ex:chart1
   a prov:Entity;                               ## (Using Starting Point terms)
   prov:wasDerivedFrom ex:aggregatedByRegions;  ## The chart was derived from the aggregate.
.

ex:aggregatedByRegions a prov:Entity .

ex:chart1
   prov:qualifiedDerivation   [           
      a prov:Derivation;
      prov:entity        ex:aggregatedByRegions;  ## Qualification: additional information about the derivation:
      prov:hadUsage      ex:usage;                ## Which activity derived the aggregate?
      prov:hadActivity   ex:activity;             ## What did the activity use to derive the aggregate?
      prov:hadGeneration ex:generation;           ## How did the activity generate the derived aggregate?
   ];
.

3.4 Collections Terms

A prov:Collection is an prov:Entity that acts as a container to some members, which are themselves entities. Specifically, a collection is composed of set of key-value pairs, where a literal key is used to identify a constituent entity within the collection. To illustrate this, the example below describes a collection :c1 that has as members the two key value pairs ("k1", :e1) and ("k2", :e2).

@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix :    <http://example.org/> .

:e1 a prov:Entity .
:e2 a prov:Entity .

:c1 a prov:Collection;
   prov:membership [ 
      a prov:Membership;
      prov:member [ 
           a prov:KeyValuePair;
           prov:key   "k1"^^xsd:string;
           prov:value :e1
        ], [ 
           a prov:KeyValuePair;
           prov:key   "k2"^^xsd:string;
           prov:value :e2
        ];
    ];
.

It is worth noting that :c1 may also have other members (i.e. prov:knownMembership is not functional). A collection may be empty and thus not have any known memberships, in which case it should be described as an instance of the subclass prov:EmptyCollection.

To describe the provenance of a collection, PROV-O provides two kinds of involvements: prov:qualifiedInsertion is used to describe that a collection was obtained from an existing collection by inserting a set of key-value pairs. prov:qualifiedRemoval is used to specify that a given collection was obtained from an existing collection by removing a set of key-value pairs. The example below specifies that the collection :c1 was obtained from the empty collection :c1 by inserting the key-value pairs ("k1", :e1) and ("k2", :e2).

@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix :    <http://example.org/> .

:e1 a prov:Entity .
:e2 a prov:Entity .
:c  a prov:EmptyCollection .
:c1 a prov:Collection ;
    prov:derivedByInsertionFrom :c ;
    prov:qualifiedInsertion [ a prov:Insertion ;
        prov:collection :c ;
        prov:inserted [ a prov:KeyValuePair ;
            prov:key "k1"^^xsd:string ;
            prov:value :e1 ;
        ], [ a prov:KeyValuePair ;
            prov:key "k2"^^xsd:string ;
            prov:value :e2 ;
          ]
    ] .

Similarly, the example below specifies that the collection :c3 was obtained by removing the key-value pairs associated with the keys "k1" and "k2" from the collection :c2. Thus, :c3 does not contain the members ("k1", :e1) and ("k2", :e2( from :c2.

@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix :    <http://example.org/> .

:c2 a prov:Collection .
:c3 a prov:Collection ;
   prov:derivedByRemovalFrom :c2 ;
   prov:qualifiedRemoval [ a prov:Removal ;
        prov:collection :c2 ;
        prov:removed "k1"^^xsd:string, "k3"^^xsd:string
     ] .

4. Cross reference for PROV-O classes and properties

This section provides details for each class and property defined by the PROV Ontology, grouped by the categories described above:

4.1 Starting Point Terms

The classes and properties that provide a basis for all other PROV-O terms are discussed in Section 3.1.

Class: prov:Activity back to starting-point classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity

An activity is something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with entities. This action can take multiple forms: consuming, processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, generating, or being associated with entities. Activities that operate on digital entities may for example move, copy, or duplicate them.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

:graduation
   a prov:Activity, :Graduation;
   prov:startedAtTime "2012-04-15T13:00:00-04:00"^^xsd:dateTime;
   prov:used          :ms_smith;
   prov:generated     :doctor_smith;
   prov:endedAtTime   "2012-04-15T14:30:00-04:00"^^xsd:dateTime;
.
:ms_smith     a prov:Entity .
:doctor_smith a prov:Entity .

An activity is something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with entities. This action can take multiple forms: consuming, processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, generating, or being associated with entities. Activities that operate on digital entities may for example move, copy, or duplicate them.

in domain of
prov:wasStartedByActivity op prov:qualifiedStart op prov:qualifiedEnd op prov:wasEndedBy op prov:startedAtTime dp prov:qualifiedCommunication op prov:qualifiedStartByActivity op prov:generated op prov:qualifiedAssociation op prov:wasAssociatedWith op prov:endedAtTime dp prov:wasInformedBy op prov:wasStartedBy op prov:qualifiedUsage op prov:used op
in range of
prov:wasStartedByActivity op prov:activity op prov:wasInformedBy op prov:wasInvalidatedBy op prov:hadActivity op prov:wasGeneratedBy op

Class: prov:Agent back to starting-point classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent

An agent is a type of entity that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

An agent is a type of entity that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place.

in domain of
prov:actedOnBehalfOf op prov:qualifiedResponsibility op
in range of
prov:actedOnBehalfOf op prov:hadQuoter op prov:agent op prov:wasAssociatedWith op prov:wasAttributedTo op prov:hadQuoted op
has subclasses
prov:Organization prov:Person prov:SoftwareAgent

Class: prov:Entity back to starting-point classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity

An entity is a thing one wants to provide provenance for. For the purpose of this specification, things can be physical, digital, conceptual, or otherwise; things may be real or imaginary.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

An entity is a thing one wants to provide provenance for. For the purpose of this specification, things can be physical, digital, conceptual, or otherwise; things may be real or imaginary.

in domain of
prov:qualifiedQuotation op prov:wasInvalidatedBy op prov:qualifiedSource op prov:qualifiedGeneration op prov:qualifiedAttribution op prov:wasQuotedFrom op prov:wasGeneratedBy op prov:hadOriginalSource op prov:alternateOf op prov:wasRevisionOf op prov:tracedTo op prov:qualifiedTrace op prov:qualifiedRevision op prov:wasAttributedTo op prov:wasDerivedFrom op prov:qualifiedDerivation op prov:specializationOf op
in range of
prov:alternateOf op prov:value op prov:wasEndedBy op prov:wasQuotedFrom op prov:hadOriginalSource op prov:tracedTo op prov:wasRevisionOf op prov:generated op prov:wasStartedBy op prov:wasDerivedFrom op prov:entity op prov:specializationOf op prov:used op
has subclasses
prov:Dictionary prov:Account prov:Plan

Property: prov:actedOnBehalfOf op back to starting-point properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#actedOnBehalfOf

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

An object property to express the accountability of an agent towards another agent. The subordinate agent acted on behalf of the responsible agent in an actual activity.

has super-properties
has domain
has range
can be qualified with

Property: prov:endedAtTime dp back to starting-point properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#endedAtTime

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

The time when an activity ended.

has characteristics Functional

has domain
has range
  • http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime

Property: prov:startedAtTime dp back to starting-point properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#startedAtTime

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

The time when an activity started.

has characteristics Functional

has domain
has range
  • http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime

Property: prov:used op back to starting-point properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#used

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

A prov:Entity that was used by this prov:Activity. For example, :baking prov:used :spoon, :egg, :oven .

has characteristics Asymmetric , Irreflexive

has super-properties
has domain
has range
can be qualified with

Property: prov:wasAssociatedWith op back to starting-point properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

An prov:Agent that had some (unspecified) responsibility for the occurrence of this prov:Activity.

has super-properties
has domain
has range
can be qualified with

Property: prov:wasAttributedTo op back to starting-point properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

Attribution is the ascribing of an entity to an agent.

has super-properties
has domain
has range
can be qualified with

Property: prov:wasDerivedFrom op back to starting-point properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

A derivation is a transformation of an entity into another, a construction of an entity into another, or an update of an entity, resulting in a new one.

has characteristics Asymmetric , Irreflexive

has super-properties
has domain
has range
has sub-properties
can be qualified with

Property: prov:wasGeneratedBy op back to starting-point properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

wasGeneratedBy links Entitites with Activity representing that entity was generated as a result of Activity

has characteristics Functional , Asymmetric , Irreflexive

has super-properties
has domain
has range
can be qualified with

Property: prov:wasInformedBy op back to starting-point properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasInformedBy

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

An activity a2 is dependent on or informed by another activity a1, by way of some unspecified entity that is generated by a1 and used by a2.

has super-properties
has domain
has range
can be qualified with

Property: prov:wasStartedByActivity op back to starting-point properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasStartedByActivity

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

The start of an activity with an implicit trigger generated by another activity.

has super-properties
has domain
has range
can be qualified with

4.2 Expanded Terms

The additional terms used to describe relations among Starting Point classes are discussed in Section 3.2.

Class: prov:Account back to expanded classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Account

An account is any mechanism by which a set of provenance descriptions can be bundled up and named.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

Note that there are kinds of accounts (e.g. handwritten letters, audio recordings, etc.) that are not expressed in PROV-O, but can be still be described by PROV-O.

is subclass of
prov:Entity

Class: prov:Location back to expanded classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Location

A location can be an identifiable geographic place (ISO 19112), but it can also be a non-geographic place such as a directory, row, or column. As such, there are numerous ways in which location can be expressed, such as by a coordinate, address, landmark, and so forth.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

A location can be an identifiable geographic place (ISO 19112), but it can also be a non-geographic place such as a directory, row, or column. As such, there are numerous ways in which location can be expressed, such as by a coordinate, address, landmark, and so forth.

in range of
prov:atLocation op

Class: prov:Note back to expanded classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Note

Attribute-value pairs occurring in notes are application specific.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

Attribute-value pairs occurring in notes are application specific.

in range of
prov:hasAnnotation op

Class: prov:Organization back to expanded classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Organization

Agents of type Organization are social institutions such as companies, societies etc.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

Agents of type Organization are social institutions such as companies, societies etc.

is subclass of
prov:Agent

Class: prov:Person back to expanded classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Person

Agents of type Person are people.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

Agents of type Person are people.

is subclass of
prov:Agent

Class: prov:SoftwareAgent back to expanded classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent

A software agent is running software.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

A software agent is running software.

is subclass of
prov:Agent

Property: prov:alternateOf op back to expanded properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#alternateOf

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

An entity is alternate of another if they are both a specialization of some common entity. The common entity does not need to be identified.

has domain
has range

Property: prov:atLocation op back to expanded properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

Location is an optional attribute of Entity and Activity.

has characteristics Asymmetric , Irreflexive

has range

Property: prov:generated op back to expanded properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#generated

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

This inverse of prov:wasGeneratedBy is defined so that Activities being described can reference their generated outputs directly without needing to 'stop' and start describing the Entity. This helps 'Activity-centric' modeling as opposed to 'Entity-centric' modeling.

has super-properties
has domain
has range
has inverse

Property: prov:hadOriginalSource op back to expanded properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadOriginalSource

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO
has super-properties
has domain
has range
can be qualified with

Property: prov:hasAnnotation op back to expanded properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hasAnnotation

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO
has range

Property: prov:specializationOf op back to expanded properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#specializationOf

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

An entity is a specialization of another if they both refer to some common thing but the former is a more constrained entity than the former. The common entity does not need to be identified.

has domain
has range

Property: prov:tracedTo op back to expanded properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#tracedTo

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

An object property to link back an entity to another by means of derivation or responsibility relations, possibly repeatedly traversed.

has characteristics Transitive

has super-properties
has domain
has range
has sub-properties
can be qualified with

Property: prov:wasEndedBy op back to expanded properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasEndedBy

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

End is when an activity is deemed to have ended. An end may refer to an entity, known as trigger, that terminated the activity.

has super-properties
has domain
has range
can be qualified with

Property: prov:wasQuotedFrom op back to expanded properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasQuotedFrom

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

An entity is derived from an original entity by copying, or "quoting", some or all of it.

has super-properties
has domain
has range
can be qualified with

Property: prov:wasRevisionOf op back to expanded properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasRevisionOf

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

A revision is a derivation that revises an entity into a revised version.

has super-properties
has domain
has range
can be qualified with

Property: prov:wasStartedBy op back to expanded properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasStartedBy

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

Start is when an activity is deemed to have started. A start may refer to an entity, known as trigger, that initiated the activity.

has super-properties
has domain
has range
can be qualified with

4.3 Qualified Terms

The terms used to qualify the Starting Point and Expanded properties are discussed in Section 3.3.

Class: prov:ActivityInvolvement back to qualified classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#ActivityInvolvement

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

prov:ActivityInvolvement provides descriptions of any binary involvement between any instance and an prov:Activity.

is subclass of
prov:Involvement
in domain of
prov:activity op
has subclasses
prov:Generation prov:Communication prov:Invalidation prov:StartByActivity

Class: prov:AgentInvolvement back to qualified classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#AgentInvolvement

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

prov:AgentInvolvement provides descriptions of any binary involvement between any instance and an prov:Agent.

is subclass of
prov:Involvement
in domain of
prov:agent op
has subclasses
prov:Responsibility prov:Association prov:Attribution

Class: prov:Association back to qualified classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Association

An activity association is an assignment of responsibility to an agent for an activity, indicating that the agent had a role in the activity. It further allows for a plan to be specified, which is the plan intended by the agent to achieve some goals in the context of this activity.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

An instance of prov:Association provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasAssociatedWith relation from an prov:Activity to some prov:Agent that is responsible for it. For example, :baking prov:wasAssociatedWith :baker; prov:qualified [ a prov:Association; prov:entity :baker; :foo :bar ].

is subclass of
prov:AgentInvolvement
in domain of
prov:hadPlan op
in range of
prov:qualifiedAssociation op
qualifies
prov:wasAssociatedWith

Class: prov:Attribution back to qualified classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Attribution

Attribution is the ascribing of an entity to an agent.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

An instance of prov:Attribution provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasAttributedTo relation from an prov:Entity to some prov:Agent that is responsible for it. For example, :cake prov:wasAttributedTo :baker; prov:qualified [ a prov:Attribution; prov:entity :baker; :foo :bar ].

is subclass of
prov:AgentInvolvement
in range of
prov:qualifiedAttribution op
qualifies
prov:wasAttributedTo

Class: prov:Communication back to qualified classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Communication

Communication is the exchange of an entity by two activities, one activity using the entity generated by the other.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

An instance of prov:Communication provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasInformedBy relation from an informed prov:Activity to the prov:Activity that informed it. For example, :you_jumping_off_bridge prov:wasInformedBy :everyone_else_jumping_off_bridge; prov:qualifiedCommunication [ a prov:Communication; prov:entity :everyone_else_jumping_off_bridge; :foo :bar ].

is subclass of
prov:ActivityInvolvement
in range of
prov:qualifiedCommunication op
qualifies
prov:wasInformedBy

Class: prov:Derivation back to qualified classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Derivation

A derivation is a transformation of an entity into another, a construction of an entity into another, or an update of an entity, resulting in a new one.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

An instance of prov:Derivation provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasDerivedFrom relation from some prov:Entity to another prov:Entity. For example, :chewed_bubble_gum prov:wasDerivedFrom :unwrapped_bubble_gum; prov:qualified [ a prov:Derivation; prov:entity :unwrapped_bubble_gum; :foo :bar ].

is subclass of
prov:EntityInvolvement
in domain of
prov:hadUsage op prov:hadGeneration op
in range of
prov:qualifiedDerivation op
qualifies
prov:wasDerivedFrom

Class: prov:End back to qualified classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#End

An activity end event is the instantaneous event that marks the instant an activity ends.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

An instance of prov:End provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasEndedBy relation from some ended prov:Activity to an prov:Entity that ended it. For example, :ball_game prov:wasEndedBy :buzzer; prov:qualified [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :buzzer; :foo :bar; prov:atTime '2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00'^^xsd:dateTime ].

is subclass of
prov:InstantaneousEvent prov:EntityInvolvement
in range of
prov:qualifiedEnd op
qualifies
prov:wasEndedBy

Class: prov:EntityInvolvement back to qualified classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#EntityInvolvement

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

prov:EntityInvolvement provides descriptions of any binary involvement between any instance and an prov:Entity.

is subclass of
prov:Involvement
in domain of
prov:entity op
has subclasses
prov:Usage prov:Source prov:Revision prov:Quotation prov:Start prov:End prov:Derivation prov:Trace

Class: prov:Generation back to qualified classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Generation

An entity generation event is the instantaneous event that marks the final instant of an entity's creation timespan, after which it is no longer available for use.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

An instance of prov:Generation provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasGeneratedBy relation from a generated prov:Entity to the prov:Activity that generated it. For example, :cake prov:wasGeneratedBy :baking; prov:qualifiedGeneration [ a prov:Generation; prov:entity :baking; :foo :bar ].

is subclass of
prov:InstantaneousEvent prov:ActivityInvolvement
in range of
prov:hadGeneration op prov:qualifiedGeneration op
qualifies
prov:wasGeneratedBy

Class: prov:InstantaneousEvent back to qualified classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#InstantaneousEvent

An instantaneous event, or event for short, happens in the world and marks a change in the world, in its activities and in its entities. The term 'event' is commonly used in process algebra with a similar meaning. Events represent communications or interactions; they are assumed to be atomic and instantaneous.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

An instantaneous event, or event for short, happens in the world and marks a change in the world, in its activities and in its entities. The term 'event' is commonly used in process algebra with a similar meaning. Events represent communications or interactions; they are assumed to be atomic and instantaneous.

in domain of
prov:atTime dp
has subclasses
prov:Usage prov:End prov:Generation prov:Invalidation prov:Start

Class: prov:Invalidation back to qualified classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Invalidation

Invalidation is the start of the destruction, cessation, or expiry of an existing entity by an activity. The entity is no longer available for use after invalidation. Any generation or usage of an entity precedes its invalidation.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO
is subclass of
prov:InstantaneousEvent prov:ActivityInvolvement

Class: prov:Involvement back to qualified classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Involvement

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

Any resource that involved an prov:Activity, prov:Entity, or prov:Agent can qualify its involvement by also referencing an instance of prov:Involvement. Instances of prov:Involvement reference the involved Activity, Entity, or Agent (using prov:activity, prov:entity, or prov:agent, respectively) and may be described with any kind of attributes, including user-defined attributes and those provided by PROV (prov:hadRole, prov:hadPlan, prov:atTime, prov:hadLocation). A description (via prov:Involvement) of the binary involvement implies the assertion of the binary involvement.

in domain of
prov:hadRole op prov:hadActivity op prov:involvee op
has subclasses
prov:AgentInvolvement prov:EntityInvolvement prov:DictionaryInvolvement prov:ActivityInvolvement
qualifies
prov:involved

Class: prov:Plan back to qualified classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Plan

A plan is an entity that represents a set of actions or steps intended by one or more agents to achieve some goals.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

There exist no prescriptive requirement on the nature of plans, their representation, the actions or steps they consist of, or their intended goals. Since plans may evolve over time, it may become necessary to track their provenance, so plans themselves are entities. Representing the plan explicitly in the provenance can be useful for various tasks: for example, to validate the execution as represented in the provenance record, to manage expectation failures, or to provide explanations.

is subclass of
prov:Entity
in range of
prov:hadPlan op

Class: prov:Quotation back to qualified classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Quotation

A quotation is the repeat of (some or all of) an entity, such as text or image, by someone other than its original author.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

An instance of prov:Quotation provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasQuotedFrom relation from some prov:Entity to another prov:Entity. For example, :here_is_looking_at_you_kid prov:wasQuotedFrom :casablanca_script; prov:qualified [ a prov:Quotation; prov:entity :casablanca_script; :foo :bar ].

is subclass of
prov:EntityInvolvement
in domain of
prov:hadQuoted op prov:hadQuoter op
in range of
prov:qualifiedQuotation op
qualifies
prov:wasQuotedFrom

Class: prov:Responsibility back to qualified classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Responsibility

Responsibility is the fact that an agent is accountable for the actions of a 'subordinate' agent, in the context of an activity.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

An instance of prov:Responsibility provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:actedOnBehalfOf relation from a performing prov:Agent to some prov:Agent for whom it was performed. For example, :mixing prov:wasAssociatedWith :toddler . :toddler prov:actedOnBehalfOf :mother; prov:qualified [ a prov:Responsiblity; prov:entity :mother; :foo :bar ].

is subclass of
prov:AgentInvolvement
in range of
prov:qualifiedResponsibility op
qualifies
prov:actedOnBehalfOf

Class: prov:Revision back to qualified classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Revision

A revision is a derivation that revises an entity into a revised version.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

An instance of prov:Revision provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasRevisionOf relation from some prov:Entity to another prov:Entity. For example, :draft_2 prov:wasRevisionOf :draft_1; prov:qualified [ a prov:Source; prov:entity :draft_1; :foo :bar ].

is subclass of
prov:EntityInvolvement
in range of
prov:qualifiedRevision op
qualifies
prov:wasRevisionOf

Class: prov:Role back to qualified classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Role

A Role is the function of an entity with respect to an activity, in the context of a usage, generation, association, start, and end.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

A Role is the function of an entity with respect to an activity, in the context of a usage, generation, association, start, and end.

in range of
prov:hadRole op

Class: prov:Source back to qualified classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Source

An original source refers to the source material that is closest to the person, information, period, or idea being studied.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

An instance of prov:Source provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:hadOriginalSource relation from some prov:Entity to another prov:Entity. For example, :blog prov:hadOriginalSource :newsArticle; prov:qualified [ a prov:Source; prov:entity :newsArticle; :foo :bar ].

is subclass of
prov:EntityInvolvement
in range of
prov:qualifiedSource op
qualifies
prov:hadOriginalSource

Class: prov:Start back to qualified classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Start

An activity start event is the instantaneous event that marks the instant an activity starts.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

An instance of prov:Start provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasStartedBy relation from some started prov:Activity to an prov:Entity that started it. For example, :foot_race prov:wasStartedBy :bang; prov:qualified [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :bang; :foo :bar; prov:atTime '2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00'^^xsd:dateTime ].

is subclass of
prov:InstantaneousEvent prov:EntityInvolvement
in range of
prov:qualifiedStart op
qualifies
prov:wasStartedBy

Class: prov:StartByActivity back to qualified classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#StartByActivity

Start by Activity is the start of an activity with an implicit trigger generated by another activity.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

An instance of prov:StartedByActivity provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasStartedByActivity relation from some started prov:Activity to another prov:Activity started it. For example, :second_leg_of_relay prov:wasStartedByActivity :handed_baton; prov:qualified [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :handed_baton; :foo :bar; prov:atTime '2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00'^^xsd:dateTime ].

is subclass of
prov:ActivityInvolvement
in range of
prov:qualifiedStartByActivity op
qualifies
prov:wasStartedByActivity

Class: prov:Trace back to qualified classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Trace

Traceability is the ability to link back an entity to another by means of derivation or responsibility relations, possibly repeatedly traversed.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

An instance of prov:Trace provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:tracedTo relation from some prov:Entity to some other prov:Element. For example, :stomach_ache prov:tracedTo :spoon; prov:qualified [ a prov:Trace; prov:entity :spoon; :foo :bar ].

is subclass of
prov:EntityInvolvement
in range of
prov:qualifiedTrace op
qualifies
prov:tracedTo

Class: prov:Usage back to qualified classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Usage

A usage is an instantaneous world event: an activity beginning to consume an entity. Before this event, the activity had not begun to consume or use to this entity.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

An instance of prov:Usage provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:used relation from some prov:Activity to an prov:Entity that it used. For example, :keynote prov:used :podium; prov:qualified [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :podium; :foo :bar ].

is subclass of
prov:InstantaneousEvent prov:EntityInvolvement
in range of
prov:hadUsage op prov:qualifiedUsage op
qualifies
prov:used

Property: prov:activity op back to qualified properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#activity

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

The property used by an prov:ActivityInvolvement to cite the prov:Activity that was involved with either an Activity or Entity. It can be used to refer to the activity involved in generating an entity, informing another activity, or starting another activity.

has characteristics Functional

has super-properties
has domain
has range

Property: prov:agent op back to qualified properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#agent

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

The property used by a prov:AgentInvolvement to cite the Agent that was prov:involved with either an Activity or Entity. It can be used to express the agent involved in being responsible for an activity, being attributed to an entity, starting or ending an activity, or being responsible for another subordinate agent in an activity.

has characteristics Functional

has super-properties
has domain
has range

Property: prov:atTime dp back to qualified properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atTime

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

has characteristics Functional

has domain
has range
  • http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime

Property: prov:entity op back to qualified properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

The property used by an prov:EntityInvolvement to cite the Entity that was prov:involved with either an Activity or Entity. It can be used to refer to the entity involved in deriving another entity, being quoted or revised from, being the source of another entity, or being used in an activity.

has characteristics Functional

has super-properties
has domain
has range

Property: prov:hadActivity op back to qualified properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadActivity

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

The activity generating the derived entity and using the derived-from entity.

has characteristics Functional

has domain
has range

Property: prov:hadGeneration op back to qualified properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadGeneration

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

The generation involving the generated entity and activity.

has characteristics Functional

has domain
has range

Property: prov:hadPlan op back to qualified properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadPlan

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

The Activity performed was described by the given plan resource. Activity specifications, as referred to by plan links, are out of scope of this specification

has characteristics Functional , Asymmetric , Irreflexive

has domain
has range

Property: prov:hadQuoted op back to qualified properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadQuoted

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

The agent who attributed to the original entity.

has domain
has range

Property: prov:hadQuoter op back to qualified properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadQuoter

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

The agent who is doing the quoting.

has domain
has range

Property: prov:hadRole op back to qualified properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadRole

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

When an instance of prov:Involvement uses the prov:hadRole property to cite a prov:Role, it is providing a role for the instance referenced by the prov:entity or the prov:activity properties. For example, :baking prov:used :spoon; prov:qualified [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :spoon; prov:hadRole roles:mixing_implement ].

has characteristics Irreflexive

has domain
has range

Property: prov:hadUsage op back to qualified properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadUsage

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

The usage involving the used entity and activity.

has characteristics Functional

has domain
has range

Property: prov:involved op back to qualified properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#involved

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

Subproperties of prov:involved may be be qualified by creating instances of a corresponding prov:Involvement class. For example, the binary relation :baking prov:used :spoon can be qualified by asserting :baking prov:qualified [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :baking; :foo :bar ] prov:involved should not be used without also using one of its subproperties. Subproperties of prov:involved may also be asserted directly without being qualified.

has sub-properties

Property: prov:qualifiedAssociation op back to qualified properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

If this Activity prov:wasAssociatedWith Agent :ag, then it can qualify the Association using prov:qualifiedAssociation [ a prov:Association; prov:agent :ag; :foo :bar ].

has characteristics Inverse Functional

has domain
has range
qualifies
prov:wasAssociatedWith

Property: prov:qualifiedAttribution op back to qualified properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAttribution

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

If this Entity prov:wasAttributedTo Agent :ag, then it can qualify how it was using prov:qualifiedAttribution [ a prov:Attribution; prov:agent :ag; :foo :bar ].

has characteristics Inverse Functional

has domain
has range
qualifies
prov:wasAttributedTo

Property: prov:qualifiedCommunication op back to qualified properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedCommunication

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

If this Activity prov:wasInformedBy Activity :a, then it can qualify how it was Inform[ed] using prov:qualifiedInform [ a prov:Inform; prov:activity :a; :foo :bar ].

has characteristics Inverse Functional

has domain
has range
can be qualified with

Property: prov:qualifiedDerivation op back to qualified properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedDerivation

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

If this Entity prov:wasDerivedFrom Entity :e, then it can qualify how it was derived using prov:qualifiedDerivation [ a prov:Derivation; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].

has characteristics Inverse Functional

has domain
has range
qualifies
prov:wasDerivedFrom

Property: prov:qualifiedEnd op back to qualified properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedEnd

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

If this Activity prov:wasEndedBy Entity :e1, then it can qualify how it was ended using prov:qualifiedEnd [ a prov:End; prov:entity :e1; :foo :bar ].

has characteristics Inverse Functional

has domain
has range
qualifies
prov:wasEndedBy

Property: prov:qualifiedGeneration op back to qualified properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedGeneration

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

If this Activity prov:generated Entity :e, then it can qualify how it did performed the Generation using prov:qualifiedGeneration [ a prov:Generation; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].

has characteristics Inverse Functional

has domain
has range
qualifies
prov:wasGeneratedBy

Property: prov:qualifiedQuotation op back to qualified properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedQuotation

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

If this Entity prov:wasQuotedFrom Entity :e, then it can qualify how using prov:qualifiedQuotation [ a prov:Quotation; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].

has characteristics Inverse Functional

has domain
has range
qualifies
prov:wasQuotedFrom

Property: prov:qualifiedResponsibility op back to qualified properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedResponsibility

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

If this Agent prov:actedOnBehalfOf Agent :ag, then it can qualify how with prov:qualifiedResponsibility [ a prov:Responsibility; prov:agent :ag; :foo :bar ].

has characteristics Inverse Functional

has domain
has range
qualifies
prov:actedOnBehalfOf

Property: prov:qualifiedRevision op back to qualified properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedRevision

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

If this Entity prov:wasRevisionOf Entity :e, then it can qualify how it was revised using prov:qualifiedRevision [ a prov:Revision; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].

has characteristics Inverse Functional

has domain
has range
qualifies
prov:wasRevisionOf

Property: prov:qualifiedSource op back to qualified properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedSource

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

If this Entity prov:hadOriginalSource Entity :e, then it can qualify how using prov:qualifiedSource [ a prov:Source; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].

has characteristics Inverse Functional

has domain
has range
qualifies
prov:hadOriginalSource

Property: prov:qualifiedStart op back to qualified properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedStart

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

If this Activity prov:wasStartedBy Entity :e1, then it can qualify how it was started using prov:qualifiedStart [ a prov:Start; prov:entity :e1; :foo :bar ].

has characteristics Inverse Functional

has domain
has range
qualifies
prov:wasStartedBy

Property: prov:qualifiedStartByActivity op back to qualified properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedStartByActivity

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

If this Activity prov:wasStartedByActivity :a, then it can qualify how it was started using prov:qualifiedStart [ a prov:Start; prov:activity :a; :foo :bar ].

has characteristics Inverse Functional

has domain
has range
qualifies
prov:wasStartedByActivity

Property: prov:qualifiedTrace op back to qualified properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedTrace

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

If this prov:wasAttributedTo Entity :e, then it can qualify how using prov:qualifiedTrace [ a prov:Trace; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ]. If this prov:wasAttributedTo Activity :a, then it can qualify how using prov:qualifiedTrace [ a prov:Trace; prov:activity :a; :foo :bar ].

has characteristics Inverse Functional

has domain
has range
qualifies
prov:tracedTo

Property: prov:qualifiedUsage op back to qualified properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedUsage

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

If this Activity prov:used Entity :e, then it can qualify how it used it using prov:qualifiedUsage [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].

has characteristics Inverse Functional

has domain
has range
qualifies
prov:used

4.4 Collections Terms

The terms used to describe the provenance of collections of key-value pairs are discussed in Section 3.4.

Class: prov:Dictionary back to collections classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Dictionary

A dictionary is an entity that provides a structure to some constituents, which are themselves entities. These constituents are said to be member of the dictionary.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

This concept allows for the provenance of the dictionary, but also of its constituents to be expressed. Such a notion of dictionary corresponds to a wide variety of concrete data structures, such as a maps or associative arrays.

A given dictionary forms a given structure for its members. A different structure (obtained either by insertion or removal of members) constitutes a different dictionary.

is subclass of
prov:Entity
in domain of
prov:derivedByInsertionFrom op prov:qualifiedRemoval op prov:qualifiedInsertion op prov:derivedByRemovalFrom op prov:membership op
in range of
prov:derivedByInsertionFrom op prov:derivedByRemovalFrom op prov:dictionary op
has subclass
prov:EmptyDictionary

Class: prov:DictionaryInvolvement back to collections classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#DictionaryInvolvement

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

prov:DictionaryInvolvement provides descriptions of any binary involvement between any instance and a prov:Dictionary.

is subclass of
prov:Involvement
in domain of
prov:dictionary op
has subclasses
prov:Insertion prov:Removal

Class: prov:EmptyDictionary back to collections classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#EmptyDictionary

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

An empty dictionary.

is subclass of
prov:Dictionary

Class: prov:Insertion back to collections classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Insertion

Insertion is a derivation that transforms a dictionary into another, by insertion of one or more key-value pairs.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

Insertion is a derivation that transforms a dictionary into another, by insertion of one or more key-value pairs.

is subclass of
prov:DictionaryInvolvement
in domain of
prov:inserted op
in range of
prov:qualifiedInsertion op
qualifies
prov:derivedByInsertionFrom

Class: prov:KeyValuePair back to collections classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#KeyValuePair

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

A key-value pair. Part of a prov:Collection through prov:Membership. The key is any RDF Literal, the value is a prov:Entity.

in domain of
prov:value op prov:key dp
in range of
prov:inserted op prov:member op

Class: prov:Membership back to collections classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Membership

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

Described members of a collection, in the form of key-value pairs. The Membership resource can also be annotated with attributes.

in domain of
prov:member op
in range of
prov:membership op
qualifies
prov:membership

Class: prov:Removal back to collections classes

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Removal

Removal is a derivation that transforms a dictionary into another, by removing one or more key-value pairs.

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

Removal is a derivation that transforms a dictionary into another, by removing one or more key-value pairs.

is subclass of
prov:DictionaryInvolvement
in domain of
prov:removedKey dp
in range of
prov:qualifiedRemoval op
qualifies
prov:derivedByRemovalFrom

Property: prov:derivedByInsertionFrom op back to collections properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#derivedByInsertionFrom

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

The dictionary was derived from the other by insertion. prov:qualifiedInsertion shows details of the insertion, in particular the inserted key-value pairs.

has super-properties
has domain
has range
can be qualified with

Property: prov:derivedByRemovalFrom op back to collections properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#derivedByRemovalFrom

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

The dictionary was derived from the other by removal. prov:qualifiedRemoval shows details of the removal, in particular the removed key-value pairs.

has super-properties
has domain
has range
can be qualified with

Property: prov:dictionary op back to collections properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#dictionary

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

The property used by a prov:DictionaryInvolvement to cite the prov:Dictionary that was prov:involved in insertion or removal of elements of a collection.

has super-properties
has domain
has range

Property: prov:inserted op back to collections properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#inserted

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

An object property to refer to the prov:KeyValuePair inserted into a prov:Collection.

has domain
has range

Property: prov:key dp back to collections properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#key

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

The key of a KeyValuePair, which is an element of a prov:Collection.

has characteristics Functional

has domain
has range
  • http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal

Property: prov:member op back to collections properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#member

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

The key-value pair was part of the membership. A membership can have multiple members.

has domain
has range

Property: prov:membership op back to collections properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#membership

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

The collection included the specified membership of keys-values.

has domain
has range

Property: prov:qualifiedInsertion op back to collections properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedInsertion

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

If this Dictionary prov:derivedByInsertionFrom another Dictionary :e, then it can qualify how it did perform the Insertion using prov:qualifiedInsertion [ a prov:Insertion; prov:dictionary :e; prov:inserted [a prov:KeyValuePair; prov:key "k1"^^xsd:string; prov:value :foo] ].

has domain
has range
qualifies
prov:derivedByInsertionFrom

Property: prov:qualifiedRemoval op back to collections properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedRemoval

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

If this Dictionary prov:derivedByRemovalFrom another Dictionary :e, then it can qualify how it did perform the Removal using prov:qualifiedRemoval [ a prov:Removal; prov:dictionary :c; prov:removed "k1"^^xsd:string ].

has domain
has range
qualifies
prov:derivedByRemovalFrom

Property: prov:removedKey dp back to collections properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#removedKey

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

The key removed in a Removal.

has domain
has range
  • http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal

Property: prov:value op back to collections properties

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value

Example
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix :     <http://example.com/> .

# TODO

The value of a KeyValuePair.

has characteristics Functional

has domain
has range

A. Acknowledgements

Thanks to the members of the Provenance Working Group for their feedback throughout the development of the PROV Ontology and this documentation page. We also thank the developers of the tools that helped create the PROV-O ontology and portions of this page. Without these great tools, developing PROV-O would have been much less of a pleasure.

B. References

B.1 Normative references

[OWL2-RDF-BASED-SEMANTICS]
Michael Schneider. OWL 2 Web Ontology Language:RDF-Based Semantics. 27 October 2009. W3C Recommendation. URL: http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-rdf-based-semantics-20091027/
[RFC2119]
S. Bradner. Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels. March 1997. Internet RFC 2119. URL: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt
[XMLSCHEMA-2]
Paul V. Biron; Ashok Malhotra. XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition. 28 October 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-2-20041028/

B.2 Informative references

[PROV-DM]
Luc Moreau, Paolo MissierThe PROV Data Model and Abstract Syntax Notation. 18 October 2011. W3C Working Draft. (Work in progress.) URL: http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-prov-dm-20111018/
[PROV-PAQ]
Graham Klyne and Paul Groth Provenance Access and Query. 2011, Work in progress. URL: http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/tip/paq/prov-aq.html
[PROV-PRIMER]
Yolanda Gil and Simon Miles (eds.) Khalid Belhajjame, Helena Deus, Daniel Garijo, Graham Klyne, Paolo Missier, Stian Soiland-Reyes, and Stephan Zednik Prov Model Primer. 2011, Working Draft. URL: http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/