drafts: css-transitions/Overview.src.html@23b4eae0ebde (annotated)

css-transitions/Overview.src.html@23b4eae0ebde (annotated)

css-transitions/Overview.src.html

Thu, 28 Mar 2013 18:37:01 -0700

author: fantasai <fantasai.cvs@inkedblade.net>
date: Thu, 28 Mar 2013 18:37:01 -0700
changeset 7857: 23b4eae0ebde
parent 7847: f7490857b4eb
child 7863: b37f9017599f
permissions: -rw-r--r--

Update spec codes Part II

 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN'
   'http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd'>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
   <title>CSS Transitions</title>
   <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
   <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../default.css">
   <style type="text/css">
     table.animatable-properties {
       border-collapse: collapse;
     }
     table.animatable-properties td {
       padding: 0.2em 1em;
       border: 1px solid black;
     }
     div.prod { margin: 1em 2em; }
   </style>
   <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-[STATUS].css">
 </head>
 <body>
 <div class="head">
 <!--logo-->
 <h1>CSS Transitions</h1>
 <h2 class="no-num no-toc">[LONGSTATUS] [DATE]</h2>
 <dl>
   <dt>This version:
     <dd>
     <a href="[VERSION]">[VERSION]</a>
   <dt>Latest version:
     <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-transitions/">
       [LATEST]</a>
   <dt>Editor's draft:
     <dd><a href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/[SHORTNAME]/">http://dev.w3.org/csswg/[SHORTNAME]/</a>
     (<a href="https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/csswg/log/tip/[SHORTNAME]/Overview.src.html">change log</a>)
   <dt>Previous version:
     <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-css3-transitions-20130212/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-css3-transitions-20130212/</a>
   <dt id="editors-list">Editors:
     <dd><a href="mailto:dino@apple.com">Dean Jackson</a> (<a
       href="http://www.apple.com/">Apple Inc</a>)
     <dd><a href="mailto:hyatt@apple.com">David Hyatt</a> (<a
       href="http://www.apple.com/">Apple Inc</a>)
     <dd><a href="mailto:cmarrin@apple.com">Chris Marrin</a> (<a
       href="http://www.apple.com/">Apple Inc</a>)
     <dd class=vcard><a class=fn href="http://dbaron.org/">L. David Baron</a> (<a
       class=org href="http://www.mozilla.org/">Mozilla</a>)
   <dt>Issues list:
     <dd><a href="https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/buglist.cgi?query_format=advanced&amp;product=CSS&amp;component=Transitions&amp;resolution=---&amp;cmdtype=doit">in Bugzilla</a>
   <dt>Feedback:
     <dd><a href="mailto:www-style@w3.org?subject=%5B[css-transitions]%5D%20feedback">www-style@w3.org</a>
         with subject line &ldquo;<kbd>[css-transitions] <var>&hellip; message topic &hellip;</var></kbd>&rdquo;
         (<a rel="discussion" href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/">archives</a>)
   <dt>Test suite:
     <dd>none yet
 </dl>
 <!--copyright-->
 <hr title="Separator for header">
 </div>
 <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id="abstract">Abstract</h2>
 <p>CSS Transitions allows property changes in CSS values to occur smoothly
   over a specified duration.
 <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id="status">Status of this document</h2>
 <!--status-->
 <p>
   The <a href="ChangeLog">list of changes made to this specification</a> is
   available.
 </p>
 <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id="contents">Table of Contents</h2>
 <!--toc-->
 <h2 id="introduction">Introduction</h2>
       <p><em>This section is not normative.</em>
       <p>
         This document introduces new CSS features to enable <em>implicit transitions</em>, which describe how CSS properties can be made to change smoothly from one value to another over a given duration.
       </p>
 <h2 id="transitions"><a id="transitions-">Transitions</a></h2>
       <p>
         Normally when the value of a CSS property changes, the rendered result is instantly updated, with the affected elements immediately changing from the old property value to the new property value. This section describes a way to specify transitions using new CSS properties. These properties are used to animate smoothly from the old state to the new state over time.
       </p>
       <p>
         For example, suppose that transitions of one second have been defined on the 'left' and
         'background-color' properties. The following diagram illustrates the effect of updating those properties on an element, in this case moving it to the right and changing the background from red to blue. This assumes other transition parameters still have their default values.
       </p>
       <div class="figure">
         <img src="transition1.png" alt="">
       </div>
       <p class="caption">
         Transitions of 'left' and 'background-color'
       </p>
       <p>
         Transitions are a presentational effect. The computed value of a property transitions over time from the old value to the new value. Therefore if a script queries the computed style of a property as it is transitioning, it will see an intermediate value that represents the current animated value of the property.
       </p>
       <p>
         Only animatable CSS properties can be transitioned. See the table at the end of this document for a list
         of properties that are animatable.
       </p>
       <p>
         The transition for a property is defined using a number of new properties. For example:
       </p>
       <div class="example">
         <p style="display:none">
           Example(s):
         </p>
         <pre>
   div {
     transition-property: opacity;
     transition-duration: 2s;
   }
   </pre>The above example defines a transition on the 'opacity' property that, when a new value is assigned to it, will cause a smooth change between the old value and the new value over a period of two seconds.
       </div>
       <p>
         Each of the transition properties accepts a comma-separated list, allowing multiple transitions to be defined, each acting on a different property. In this case, the individual transitions take their parameters from the same index in all the lists. For example:
       </p>
       <div class="example">
         <p style="display:none">
           Example(s):
         </p>
         <pre>
   div {
     transition-property: opacity, left;
     transition-duration: 2s, 4s;
   }
   </pre>This will cause the 'opacity' property to transition over a period of two seconds and the left property to transition over a period of four seconds.
       </div>
       <p id="list-matching">
         In the case where the lists of values in transition properties
         do not have the same length, the length of the
         'transition-property' list determines the number of items in
         each list examined when starting transitions.  The lists are
         matched up from the first value: excess values at the end are
         not used.  If one of the other properties doesn't have enough
         comma-separated values to match the number of values of
         'transition-property', the UA must calculate its used value by
         repeating the list of values until there are enough.  This
         truncation or repetition does not affect the computed value.
         <span class="note">
           Note: This is analogous to the behavior of the 'background-*'
           properties, with 'background-image' analogous to
           'transition-property'.
         </span>
       </p>
       <div class="example">
         <p style="display:none">
           Example(s):
         </p>
       <pre>
       div {
         transition-property: opacity, left, top, width;
         transition-duration: 2s, 1s;
       }
       </pre>The above example defines a transition on the 'opacity' property of 2 seconds duration, a
       transition on the 'left' property of 1
       second duration, a transition on the 'top' property of 2 seconds duration and a
       transition on the 'width' property of 1
       second duration.
       </div>
       <p>
         While authors can use transitions to create dynamically changing content,
         dynamically changing content can lead to seizures in some users.
         For information on how to avoid content that can lead to seizures, see
         <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/#seizure">Guideline 2.3:
         Seizures:
         Do not design content in a way that is known to cause seizures</a>
         ([[WCAG20]]).
       </p>
       <!-- ======================================================================================================= -->
       <h3 id="transition-property-property"><a id="the-transition-property-property-">
         The 'transition-property' Property
       </a></h3>
       <p>
         The 'transition-property' property specifies the name of the CSS property to which the transition is applied.
       </p>
       <table class="propdef">
         <tbody>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Name:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               <dfn id="transition-property">transition-property</dfn>
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Value:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               none | <span>&lt;single-transition-property&gt;</span> [ ',' <span>&lt;single-transition-property&gt;</span> ]*
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Initial:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               all
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Applies to:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               all elements, :before and :after pseudo elements
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Inherited:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               no
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Animatable:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               no
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Percentages:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               N/A
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Media:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               visual
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Computed value:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               Same as specified value.
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Canonical order:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               <abbr title="follows order of property value definition">per grammar</abbr>
             </td>
           </tr>
         </tbody>
       </table>
       <div class="prod">
         <dfn id="single-transition-property">&lt;single-transition-property&gt;</dfn> = all | &lt;IDENT&gt;
       </div>
       <p>
         A value of ''none'' means that no property will transition.
         Otherwise, a list of properties to be transitioned, or the
         keyword ''all'' which indicates that all properties are to be
         transitioned, is given.
       </p>
       <p>
         If one of the identifiers listed is not a recognized property
         name or is not an animatable property, the implementation must
         still start transitions on the animatable properties in the
         list using the duration, delay, and timing function at their
         respective indices in the lists for 'transition-duration',
         'transition-delay', and 'transition-timing-function'.  In other
         words, unrecognized or non-animatable properties must be kept in
         the list to preserve the matching of indices.
       </p>
       <p>
         The keywords ''none'', ''inherit'', and ''initial'' are not
         permitted as items within a list of more that one identifier;
         any list that uses them is syntactically invalid.
         In other words, the &lt;IDENT&gt; production in
         <span>&lt;single-transition-property&gt;</span> matches any
         identifier other than these three keywords.
       </p>
       <p>
         For the keyword ''all'', or if one of the identifiers listed is a
         shorthand property, implementations must start transitions for
         any of its longhand sub-properties that are animatable (or, for
         ''all'', all animatable properties), using the duration, delay,
         and timing function at the index corresponding to the shorthand.
       </p>
       <p>
         If a property is specified multiple times in the value of
         'transition-property' (either on its own, via a shorthand that
         contains it, or via the ''all'' value), then the transition that
         starts uses the duration, delay, and timing function at the
         index corresponding to the <em>last</em> item in the value of
         'transition-property' that calls for animating that property.
       </p>
       <p class="note">
         Note:  The ''all'' value and 'all' shorthand
         property work in similar ways, so the
         ''all'' value is just like a shorthand that
         covers all properties.
       </p>
       <!-- ======================================================================================================= -->
       <h3 id="transition-duration-property"><a id="the-transition-duration-property-">
         The 'transition-duration' Property
       </a></h3>
       <p>
         The 'transition-duration' property defines the length of time that a transition takes.
       </p>
       <table class="propdef">
         <tbody>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Name:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               <dfn id="transition-duration">transition-duration</dfn>
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Value:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               <span>&lt;time&gt;</span> [, <span>&lt;time&gt;</span>]*
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Initial:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
 s
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Applies to:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               all elements, :before and :after pseudo elements
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Inherited:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               no
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Animatable:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               no
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Percentages:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               N/A
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Media:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               interactive
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Computed value:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               Same as specified value.
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Canonical order:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               <abbr title="follows order of property value definition">per grammar</abbr>
             </td>
           </tr>
         </tbody>
       </table>
       <p>
         This property specifies how long the transition from the old value to the new value should take. By default the value is ''0s'', meaning that the transition is immediate (i.e. there will be no animation). A negative value for 'transition-duration' renders the declaration invalid.
       </p>
       <!-- =======================================================================================================
         -->
       <h3 id="transition-timing-function-property"><a id="transition-timing-function_tag">
         The 'transition-timing-function' Property
       </a></h3>
       <p>
         The 'transition-timing-function' property
         describes how the intermediate values used during a transition will be
         calculated. It allows for a transition to change speed over its
         duration. These effects are commonly called <em>easing</em> functions.
         In either case, a mathematical function that provides a smooth curve is
         used.
       </p>
       <p>
         Timing functions are either defined as a stepping function or
         a <a
         href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9zier_curve#Cubic_B.C3.A9zier_curves">cubic
         B&eacute;zier curve</a>.
         The timing function takes as its input
         the current elapsed percentage of the transition duration
         and outputs the percentage of the way the transition is
         from its start value to its end value.
         How this output is used is defined by
         the <a href="#animatable-types">interpolation rules</a>
         for the value type.
       </p>
       <p>
         A <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Step_function">stepping</a>
         function is defined by a number that divides the domain of operation
         into equally sized intervals. Each subsequent interval is a equal step
         closer to the goal state. The function also specifies whether the
         change in output percentage happens at the start or end of the
         interval (in other words, if 0% on the input percentage is the point
         of initial change).
       </p>
       <div class="figure">
         <img src="step.png" alt="The step timing function splits
           the function domain into a number of disjoint straight line
           segments. steps(1, start) is a function whose
           output value is 1 for all input values. steps(1, end) is a function whose
           output value is 0 for all input values less than 1, and output
           is 1 for the input value of 1. steps(3, start) is a function that
           divides the input domain into three segments, each 1/3 in length,
           and 1/3 above the previous segment, with the first segment starting
           at 1/3. steps(3, end) is a function that
           divides the input domain into three segments, each 1/3 in length,
           and 1/3 above the previous segment, with the first segment starting
           at 0.">
       </div>
       <p class="caption">
         Step timing functions
       </p>
       <p>
         A <a
         href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9zier_curve#Cubic_B.C3.A9zier_curves">cubic
         B&eacute;zier curve</a> is defined by four control points, P<sub>0</sub>
         through P<sub>3</sub> (see Figure 1). P<sub>0</sub> and P<sub>3</sub>
         are always set to (0,0) and (1,1). The 'transition-timing-function' property is used
         to specify the values for points P<sub>1</sub> and P<sub>2</sub>. These
         can be set to preset values using the keywords listed below, or can be
         set to specific values using the ''cubic-bezier'' function.
         In the ''cubic-bezier'' function, P<sub>1</sub> and
         P<sub>2</sub> are each specified by both an X and Y value.
       </p>
       <div class="figure">
         <img src="TimingFunction.png" alt="The B&eacute;zier timing function is a
           smooth curve from point P0 = (0,0) to point P3 = (1,1). The
           length and orientation of the line segment P0-P1 determines
           the tangent and the curvature of the curve at P0 and the
           line segment P2-P3 does the same at P3.">
       </div>
       <p class="caption">
         B&eacute;zier Timing Function Control Points
       </p>
       <table class="propdef">
         <tbody>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Name:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               <dfn id="transition-timing-function">transition-timing-function</dfn>
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Value:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               <span>&lt;single-transition-timing-function&gt;</span> [ ',' <span>&lt;single-transition-timing-function&gt;</span> ]*
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Initial:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               ease
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Applies to:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               all elements, :before and :after pseudo elements
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Inherited:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               no
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Animatable:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               no
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Percentages:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               N/A
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Media:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               interactive
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Computed value:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               Same as specified value.
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Canonical order:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               <abbr title="follows order of property value definition">per grammar</abbr>
             </td>
           </tr>
         </tbody>
       </table>
       <div class="prod">
         <dfn id="single-transition-timing-function">&lt;single-transition-timing-function&gt;</dfn> = ease | linear | ease-in | ease-out | ease-in-out | step-start | step-end | steps(&lt;integer&gt;[, [ start | end ] ]?) | cubic-bezier(&lt;number&gt;, &lt;number&gt;, &lt;number&gt;, &lt;number&gt;)
       </div>
       <p>
         The timing functions have the following definitions.
       </p>
       <dl>
         <dt>
           ease
         </dt>
         <dd>
           The ease function is equivalent to cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.1, 0.25, 1).
         </dd>
         <dt>
           linear
         </dt>
         <dd>
           The linear function is equivalent to cubic-bezier(0, 0, 1, 1).
         </dd>
         <dt>
           ease-in
         </dt>
         <dd>
           The ease-in function is equivalent to cubic-bezier(0.42, 0, 1, 1).
         </dd>
         <dt>
           ease-out
         </dt>
         <dd>
           The ease-out function is equivalent to cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.58, 1).
         </dd>
         <dt>
           ease-in-out
         </dt>
         <dd>
           The ease-in-out function is equivalent to cubic-bezier(0.42, 0, 0.58, 1)
         </dd>
         <dt>
           step-start
         </dt>
         <dd>
           The step-start function is equivalent to steps(1, start).
         </dd>
         <dt>
           step-end
         </dt>
         <dd>
           The step-end function is equivalent to steps(1, end).
         </dd>
         <dt>
           steps(&lt;integer&gt;[, [ start | end ] ]?)
         </dt>
         <dd>
           Specifies a stepping function, described above, taking two
           parameters. The first parameter specifies the number of intervals
           in the function. It must be a positive integer (greater than 0).
           The second parameter, which is optional, is
           either the value ''start'' or ''end'', and specifies the point
           at which the change of values occur within the interval.
           If the second parameter is omitted, it is given the value 'end'.
         </dd>
         <dt>
           cubic-bezier(&lt;number&gt;, &lt;number&gt;, &lt;number&gt;, &lt;number&gt;)
         </dt>
         <dd>
           Specifies a <a
           href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9zier_curve">cubic-bezier
           curve</a>. The four values specify points P<sub>1</sub> and
           P<sub>2</sub> of the curve as (x1, y1, x2, y2). Both x values must be
           in the range [0, 1] or the definition is invalid. The y values can
           exceed this range.
         </dd>
       </dl><!-- ======================================================================================================= -->
       <h3 id="transition-delay-property"><a id="the-transition-delay-property-">
         The 'transition-delay' Property
       </a></h3>
       <p>
         The 'transition-delay' property defines when the transition will start. It allows a transition to begin execution some some period of time from when it is applied. A 'transition-delay' value of ''0s'' means the transition will execute as soon as the property is changed. Otherwise, the value specifies an offset from the moment the property is changed, and the transition will delay execution by that offset.
       </p>
       <p>
         If the value for 'transition-delay' is a negative time offset then the transition will execute the moment the property is changed, but will appear to have begun execution at the specified offset. That is, the transition will appear to begin part-way through its play cycle. In the case where a transition has implied starting values and a negative 'transition-delay', the starting values are taken from the moment the property is changed.
       </p>
       <table class="propdef">
         <tbody>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Name:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               <dfn id="transition-delay">transition-delay</dfn>
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Value:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               <span>&lt;time&gt;</span> [, <span>&lt;time&gt;</span>]*
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Initial:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
 s
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Applies to:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               all elements, :before and :after pseudo elements
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Inherited:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               no
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Animatable:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               no
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Percentages:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               N/A
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Media:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               interactive
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Computed value:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               Same as specified value.
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Canonical order:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               <abbr title="follows order of property value definition">per grammar</abbr>
             </td>
           </tr>
         </tbody>
       </table><!-- ======================================================================================================= -->
       <h3 id="transition-shorthand-property"><a id="the-transition-shorthand-property-">
         The 'transition' Shorthand Property
       </a></h3>
       <p>
         The 'transition' shorthand property combines the four properties described above into a single property.
       </p>
       <table class="propdef">
         <tbody>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Name:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               <dfn id="transition">transition</dfn>
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Value:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               <span>&lt;single-transition&gt;</span> [ ',' <span>&lt;single-transition&gt;</span> ]*
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Initial:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               see individual properties
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Applies to:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               all elements, :before and :after pseudo elements
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Inherited:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               no
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Animatable:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               no
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Percentages:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               N/A
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Media:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               interactive
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Computed value:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               see individual properties
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td>
               <em>Canonical order:</em>
             </td>
             <td>
               <abbr title="follows order of property value definition">per grammar</abbr>
             </td>
           </tr>
         </tbody>
       </table>
       <div class="prod">
         <dfn id="single-transition">&lt;single-transition&gt;</dfn> = [ none | <span>&lt;single-transition-property&gt;</span> ] || <span>&lt;time&gt;</span> || <span>&lt;single-transition-timing-function&gt;</span> || <span>&lt;time&gt;</span>
       </div>
       <p>
         Note that order is important within the items in this property:
         the first value that can be parsed as a time is assigned to the
         transition-duration,
         and the second value that can be parsed as a time is assigned to
         transition-delay.
       </p>
       <p>
         If there is more than one <span>&lt;single-transition&gt;</span> in the shorthand,
         and any of the transitions has
         ''none'' as the <span>&lt;single-transition-property&gt;</span>,
         then the declaration is invalid.
       </p>
       <h2 id="starting">
         Starting of transitions
       </h2>
       <p>
         When the computed value of an animatable property changes,
         implementations must decide what transitions to start based on
         the values of the 'transition-property', 'transition-duration',
         'transition-timing-function', and 'transition-delay' properties
         at the time the animatable property would first have its new
         computed value.
         This means that when one of these 'transition-*' properties
         changes at the same time as
         a property whose change might transition,
         it is the <em>new</em> values of the 'transition-*' properties
         that control the transition.
       </p>
       <div class="example" id="manual-reversing-example">
         <p style="display:none">
           Example(s):
         </p>
         <p>This provides a way for authors to specify different values
         of the 'transition-*' properties for the &ldquo;forward&rdquo;
         and &ldquo;reverse&rdquo; transitions (but see <a
         href="#reversing">below</a> for special reversing behavior when
         an <em>incomplete</em> transition is interrupted).  Authors can
         specify the value of 'transition-duration',
         'transition-timing-function', or 'transition-delay' in the same
         rule where they specify the value that triggers the transition,
         or can change these properties at the same time as they change
         the property that triggers the transition.  Since it's the new
         values of these 'transition-*' properties that affect the
         transition, these values will be used for the transitions
         <em>to</em> the associated transitioning values.  For example:
          </p>
         <pre>li {
   transition: background-color linear 1s;
   background: blue;
 }
 li:hover {
   background-color: green;
   transition-duration: 2s; /* applies to the transition *to* the :hover state */
 }</pre>
         <p>
           When a list item with these style rules enters the :hover
           state, the computed 'transition-duration' at the time that
           'background-color' would have its new value (''green'') is ''2s'',
           so the transition from 'blue' to 'green' takes 2 seconds.
           However, when the list item leaves the :hover state, the
           transition from ''green'' to ''blue'' takes 1 second.
         </p>
       </div>
       <p>
         When the computed value of a property changes, implementations
         must start transitions based on the relevant item (see <a
         href="#transition-property">the definition of
         'transition-property'</a>) in the computed value of
         'transition-property'.
         Corresponding to this item there are
         computed values of 'transition-duration' and 'transition-delay'
         (see <a href="#list-matching">the rules on matching lists</a>).
         Define the <dfn>combined duration</dfn> of the transition
         as the sum of max('transition-duration', ''0s'') and 'transition-delay'.
         When the combined duration is greater than ''0s'',
         then a transition starts based on the values of
         'transition-duration', 'transition-delay',
         and 'transition-timing-function';
         in other cases transitions do not occur.
       </p>
       <p>
         Since this specification does not define
         when computed values change, and thus what changes to
         computed values are considered simultaneous,
         authors should be aware that changing any of the transition
         properties a small amount of time after making a change that
         might transition can result in behavior that varies between
         implementations, since the changes might be considered
         simultaneous in some implementations but not others.
       </p>
       <p>
         Once the transition of a property has started, it must continue
         running based on the original timing function, duration, and
         delay, even if the 'transition-timing-function',
         'transition-duration', or 'transition-delay' property changes
         before the transition is complete.  However, if the
         'transition-property' property changes such that the transition
         would not have started, the transition must stop (and the
         property must immediately change to its final value).
       </p>
       <p>
         Implementations must not start a transition when the computed
         value of a property changes as a result of declarative animation
         (as opposed to scripted animation).
       </p>
       <p>
         Implementations also must not start a transition when the
         computed value changes because it is inherited (directly or
         indirectly) from another element that is transitioning the same
         property.
       </p>
       <h2 id="reversing">
         Automatically reversing interrupted transitions
       </h2>
       <p>
         A common type of transition effect is when a running transition is
         interrupted and the property is reset to its original value. An
         example is a hover effect on an element, where the pointer enters and
         exits the element before the effect has completed. If the outgoing and
         incoming transitions are executed using their specified durations and
         timing functions, the resulting effect can be distractingly
         asymmetric. Instead, the expected behavior is that the new transition
         should be the reverse of what has already executed.
       </p>
       <p>
         If a running transition with duration T, executing so far for duration TE,
         from state A, to state B, is interrupted by
         a property change that would start a new transition back to state A, and
         all the transition attributes are the same (duration, delay and timing function),
         then the new transition must reverse the effect. The new transition must:
       </p>
       <ol>
         <li>
           Use the B and A states as its "from" and "to" states respectively. It
           does not use the current value as its from state, due to the rules below.
         </li>
         <li>
           Execute with the same duration T, but starting as if the transition had
           already begun, without any transition delay, at the moment which would
           cause the new transition to finish in TE from the moment of interruption. In other
           words, the new transition will execute as if it started T-TE in the past.
         </li>
         <li>
           Use a timing function that is the portion of the curve traversed up
           to the moment of interruption, followed in the opposite direction (towards
           the starting point). This will make the transition appear as if it
           is playing backwards.
         </li>
         <li>
           Ignore any transition delay.
         </li>
       </ol>
       <p>
         For example, suppose there is a transition with a duration of two
         seconds. If this transition is interrupted after 0.5 seconds and the
         property value assigned to the original value, then the new transition
         effect will be the reverse of the original, as if it had begun
 .5 seconds in the past.
       </p>
       <p>
         Note that by using the defined from and to states for the reversing
         transition, it is also possible that it may reverse again, if
         interrupted; for example, if the transition reversing to state A was
         again interrupted by a property change to state B.
       </p>
       <p class="issue">Issue:
         This introduces the concept of reversing a timing function,
         which the spec has otherwise resisted doing, and also introduces
         a discontinuity between transitions that have
         almost completed (which get automatically reversed and thus have
         their timing function reversed) and transitions that have fully
         completed (where the reversal doesn't lead to the timing
         function being reversed).  An alternative proposal that avoids
         this is to follow the normal timing function algorithm, except
         multiply the duration (and also shorten any negative delay) by
         the (output) value of the transition timing function of the
         incomplete transition at the time it was interrupted, and, to
         account for multiple reverses in sequence, to divide by the
         shortening applied to the transition being interrupted.  For
         more details see this thread:
         <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/2009Nov/thread.html#msg302">November 2009 part</a>,
         <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/2009Dec/thread.html#msg319">December 2009 part</a>,
         <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/2010Jan/thread.html#msg136">January 2010 part</a>.
       </p>
       <h2 id="transition-events"><a id="transition-events-">
         Transition Events
       </a></h2>
       <p>
         The completion of a CSS Transition generates a corresponding <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Events/events.html">DOM Event</a>.
         An event is fired for each property that undergoes a transition.
         This allows a content developer to perform actions that synchronize
         with the completion of a transition.
       </p>
       <p>
         Each event provides the name of the property the transition is
         associated with as well as the duration of the transition.
       </p>
       <dl>
         <dt>
           <b>Interface <dfn id="Events-TransitionEvent">TransitionEvent</dfn></b>
         </dt>
         <dd>
           <p>
             The <code>TransitionEvent</code> interface provides specific contextual information associated with transitions.
           </p>
           <dl>
             <dt>
               <b>IDL Definition</b>
             </dt>
             <dd>
               <div class='idl-code'>
                 <pre>
   <span id="TransitionEvent">[Constructor(DOMString <var title="">type</var>, optional <i>TransitionEventInit</i> <var title="">transitionEventInitDict</var>)]
   interface TransitionEvent</span> : Event {
     readonly attribute DOMString          <a href="#Events-TransitionEvent-propertyName">propertyName</a>;
     readonly attribute float              <a href="#Events-TransitionEvent-elapsedTime">elapsedTime</a>;
     readonly attribute DOMString          <a href="#Events-TransitionEvent-pseudoElement">pseudoElement</a>;
   };
   dictionary <dfn id="TransitionEventInit">TransitionEventInit</dfn> : <a class="external" href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/domcore/raw-file/tip/Overview.html#eventinit">EventInit</a> {
     DOMString <a href="#Events-TransitionEvent-propertyName">propertyName</a>;
     float <a href="#Events-TransitionEvent-elapsedTime">elapsedTime</a>;
     DOMString <a href="#Events-TransitionEvent-pseudoElement">pseudoElement</a>;
   }
   </pre>
               </div>
             </dd>
             <dt>
               <b>Attributes</b>
             </dt>
             <dd>
               <dl>
                 <dt>
                   <code class='attribute-name'><dfn title="TransitionEvent::propertyName" id="Events-TransitionEvent-propertyName">propertyName</dfn></code> of type <code>DOMString</code>, readonly
                 </dt>
                 <dd>
                   The name of the CSS property associated with the transition.
                 </dd>
               </dl>
               <dl>
                 <dt>
                   <code class='attribute-name'><dfn title="TransitionEvent::elapsedTime" id="Events-TransitionEvent-elapsedTime">elapsedTime</dfn></code> of type <code>float</code>, readonly
                 </dt>
                 <dd>
                   The amount of time the transition has been running, in seconds, when this event fired. Note that this value is not affected by the value of <code class="property">transition-delay</code>.
                 </dd>
               </dl>
               <dl>
                 <dt>
                   <code class='attribute-name'><dfn title="TransitionEvent::pseudoElement" id="Events-TransitionEvent-pseudoElement">pseudoElement</dfn></code> of type <code>DOMString</code>, readonly
                 </dt>
                 <dd>
                   The name (beginning with two colons) of the CSS
                   pseudo-element on which the transition occured (in
                   which case the target of the event is that
                   pseudo-element's corresponding element), or the empty
                   string if the transition occurred on an element (which
                   means the target of the event is that element).
                 </dd>
               </dl>
             </dd>
           </dl>
           <p>
             <code id="TransitionEvent-constructor">TransitionEvent(type, transitionEventInitDict)</code>
             is an <a class="external" href="http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/domcore/raw-file/tip/Overview.html#concept-event-constructor">event constructor</a>.
           </p>
         </dd>
       </dl>
       <p>
         There is one type of transition event available.
       </p>
       <dl>
         <dt>
           <b><dfn>transitionend</dfn></b>
         </dt>
         <dd>
           The <code>transitionend</code> event occurs at the completion of the transition. In the
           case where a transition is removed before completion, such as if the
           transition-property is removed, then the event will not fire.
           <ul>
             <li>Bubbles: Yes
             </li>
             <li>Cancelable: Yes
             </li>
             <li>Context Info: propertyName, elapsedTime, pseudoElement
             </li>
           </ul>
         </dd>
       </dl>
       <h2 id="animatable-types"><a id="animation-of-property-types-">
         Animation of property types
       </a></h2>
       <p>
         When interpolating between two values,
         <i>V</i><sub>start</sub> and <i>V</i><sub>end</sub>,
         interpolation is done using the output <i>p</i> of the timing function,
         which gives the portion of the value space
         that the interpolation has crossed.
         Thus the result of the interpolation is
         <i>V</i><sub>res</sub> =
           (1 - <i>p</i>) &sdot; <i>V</i><sub>start</sub> +
           <i>p</i> &sdot; <i>V</i><sub>end</sub>.
       </p>
       <p>
         However, if this value (<i>V</i><sub>res</sub>)
         is outside the allowed range of values for the property,
         then it is clamped to that range.
         This can occur if <i>p</i> is outside of the range 0 to 1,
         which can occur if a timing function is specified
         with a <i>y1</i> or <i>y2</i> that is outside the range 0 to 1.
       </p>
       <p>
         The following describes how each property type undergoes transition or
         animation.
       </p>
       <ul>
         <li id="animtype-color">
           <strong>color</strong>: interpolated via red, green, blue and alpha
           components (treating each as a number, see below).
           The interpolation is done between premultiplied colors
           (that is, colors for which the red, green, and blue components
           specified have been multiplied by the alpha).
         </li>
         <li id="animtype-length">
           <strong>length</strong>: interpolated as real numbers.
         </li>
         <li id="animtype-percentage">
           <strong>percentage</strong>: interpolated as real numbers.
         </li>
         <li id="animtype-lpcalc">
           <strong>length, percentage, or calc</strong>: when both values
           are lengths, interpolated as lengths; when both values are
           percentages, interpolated as percentages; otherwise, both
           values are converted into a ''calc()'' function that is the
           sum of a length and a percentage (each possibly zero), and
           these ''calc()'' functions have each half interpolated as real
           numbers.
         </li>
         <li id="animtype-integer">
           <strong>integer</strong>: interpolated via discrete steps (whole
           numbers). The interpolation happens in real number space and is
           converted to an integer by rounding to the nearest integer, with
           values halfway between a pair of integers rounded towards
           positive infinity.
         </li>
         <li id="animtype-font-weight">
           <strong>font weight</strong>: interpolated via discrete steps
           (multiples of 100). The interpolation happens in real number
           space and is converted to an integer by rounding to the
           nearest multiple of 100, with values halfway between multiples
           of 100 rounded towards positive infinity.
         </li>
         <li id="animtype-number">
           <strong>number</strong>: interpolated as real (floating point)
           numbers.
         </li>
         <li id="animtype-rect">
           <strong>rectangle</strong>: interpolated via the x, y,
           width and height components (treating each as a number).
         </li>
         <li id="animtype-visibility">
           <strong>visibility</strong>: if one of the values is
           ''visible'', interpolated as a discrete step where values of the
           timing function between 0 and 1 map to ''visible'' and other
           values of the timing function (which occur only at the
           start/end of the transition or as a result of ''cubic-bezier()''
           functions with Y values outside of [0, 1]) map to the closer
           endpoint; if neither value is ''visible'' then not interpolable.
         </li>
         <li id="animtype-shadow-list">
           <strong>shadow list</strong>: Each shadow in the list is
           interpolated via the
           color (as <a href="#animtype-color">color</a>) component,
           and x, y, blur, and (when appropriate) spread
           (as <a href="#animtype-length">length</a>) components.
           For each shadow, if one input shadow is ''inset'' and the other
           is not, then the result for that shadow matches the inputs;
           otherwise the entire list is not interpolable.
           If the lists of shadows have different lengths,
           then the shorter list is padded at the end
           with shadows whose color is ''transparent'',
           all lengths are ''0'',
           and whose ''inset'' (or not) matches the longer list.
         </li>
         <li id="animtype-gradient">
           <strong>gradient</strong>: interpolated via the
           positions and colors of each stop. They must have the same type
           (radial or linear) and same number of stops in order to be animated.
           <span class="note">Note: [[CSS3-IMAGES]] may extend this
           definition.</span>
         </li>
         <li id="animtype-paintserver">
           <strong>paint server</strong> (SVG): interpolation is only supported
           between: gradient to gradient and color to color. They then
           work as above.
         </li>
         <li id="animtype-simple-list">
           <strong>simple list</strong> of other types:
           If the lists have the same number of items,
           and each pair of values can be interpolated,
           each item in the list is interpolated using
           the rules given for those types.
           Otherwise the values are not interpolable.
         </li>
         <li id="animtype-repeatable-list">
           <strong>repeatable list</strong> of other types:
           The result list has a length that is the least common multiple
           of the lengths of the input lists.
           Each item in the result is the interpolation of the value
           from each input list repeated to the length of the result list.
           If a pair of values cannot be interpolated, then the lists
           are not interpolable.
           <span class="note">
             The repeatable list concept ensures that a list that is
             conceptually repeated to a certain length (as
             'background-origin' is repeated to the length of the
             'background-image' list) or repeated infinitely will
             smoothly transition between any values, and so that the
             computed value will properly represent the result (and
             potentially be inherited correctly).
           </span>
         </li>
       </ul>
       <p>Future specifications may define additional types that can
       be animated.</p>
       <p>See the definition of 'transition-property' for how animation
       of shorthand properties and the ''all'' value is applied to any
       properties (in the shorthand) that can be animated.</p>
       <h2 id="animatable-properties"><a id="animatable-properties-">
         Animatable properties
       </a></h2>
       <!--
       As resolved in
       http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/2011Sep/0497.html
       -->
       <p>The definition of each CSS property defines
       when the values of that property can be interpolated
       by referring to the definitions of property types
       in the <a href="#animatable-types">previous section</a>.
       Values are animatable when
       both the from and the to values of the property have the type described.
       (When a composite type such as "length, percentage, or calc" is listed,
       this means that both values must fit into that composite type.)
       When multiple types are listed in the form "either A or B",
       both values must be of the same type to be interpolable.</p>
       <p>For properties that exist at the time this specification was
       developed, this specification defines whether and how they are
       animated.  However, future CSS specifications may define
       additional properties, additional values for existing properties,
       or additional animation behavior of existing values.  In order to
       describe new animation behaviors and to have the definition of
       animation behavior in a more appropriate location, future CSS
       specifications should include an "Animatable:" line in the summary
       of the property's definition (in addition to the other lines
       described in [[CSS21]], <a
       href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/about.html#property-defs">section
 .4.2</a>).  This line should say "no" to indicate that a property
       cannot be animated or should reference an animation behavior
       (which may be one of the behaviors in the <a
       href="#animation-of-property-types-">Animation of property
       types</a> section above, or may be a new behavior) to define how
       the property animates.  Such definitions override those given in
       this specification.</p>
       <h3 id="animatable-css"><a id="properties-from-css-">
         Properties from CSS
       </a></h3>
       <p>
       The following definitions define the animation behavior for
       properties in CSS Level 2 Revision 1 ([[CSS21]]) and in Level 3 of
       the CSS Color Module ([[CSS3COLOR]]).
       </p>
      <table class="animatable-properties">
        <tr>
          <th>Property Name</th>
          <th>Type</th>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>background-color</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-color">color</a></tr>
        <tr>
          <td>background-position</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-repeatable-list">repeatable list</a> of <a href="#animtype-simple-list">simple list</a> of <a href="#animtype-lpcalc">length, percentage, or calc</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>border-bottom-color</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-color">color</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>border-bottom-width</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-length">length</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>border-left-color</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-color">color</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>border-left-width</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-length">length</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>border-right-color</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-color">color</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>border-right-width</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-length">length</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>border-spacing</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-simple-list">simple list</a> of <a href="#animtype-length">length</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>border-top-color</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-color">color</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>border-top-width</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-length">length</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>bottom</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-lpcalc">length, percentage, or calc</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>clip</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-rect">rectangle</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>color</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-color">color</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>font-size</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-length">length</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>font-weight</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-font-weight">font weight</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>height</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-lpcalc">length, percentage, or calc</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>left</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-lpcalc">length, percentage, or calc</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>letter-spacing</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-length">length</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>line-height</td><td>as either <a href="#animtype-number">number</a> or <a href="#animtype-length">length</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>margin-bottom</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-length">length</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>margin-left</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-length">length</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>margin-right</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-length">length</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>margin-top</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-length">length</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>max-height</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-lpcalc">length, percentage, or calc</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>max-width</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-lpcalc">length, percentage, or calc</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>min-height</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-lpcalc">length, percentage, or calc</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>min-width</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-lpcalc">length, percentage, or calc</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>opacity</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-number">number</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>outline-color</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-color">color</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>outline-width</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-length">length</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>padding-bottom</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-length">length</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>padding-left</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-length">length</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>padding-right</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-length">length</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>padding-top</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-length">length</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>right</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-lpcalc">length, percentage, or calc</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>text-indent</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-lpcalc">length, percentage, or calc</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>text-shadow</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-shadow-list">shadow list</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>top</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-lpcalc">length, percentage, or calc</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>vertical-align</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-length">length</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>visibility</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-visibility">visibility</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>width</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-lpcalc">length, percentage, or calc</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>word-spacing</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-length">length</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>z-index</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-integer">integer</a></td>
        </tr>
      </table>
      <h3 id="animatable-svg"><a id="properties-from-svg-">
        Properties from SVG
      </a></h3>
      <p>
        All properties defined as animatable in the SVG specification, provided
        they are one of the property types listed above.
       </p>
      <!-- <table>
        <tr>
          <th>Property Name</th><th>Type</th>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>stop-color</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-color">color</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>stop-opacity</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-number">number</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>fill</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-paintserver">paint server</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>fill-opacity</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-number">number</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>stroke</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-paintserver">paint server</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>stroke-dasharray</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-repeatable-list">repeatable list</a> of <a href="#animtype-number">number</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>stroke-dashoffset</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-number">number</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>stroke-miterlimit</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-number">number</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>stroke-opacity</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-number">number</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>stroke-width</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-number">number</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>viewport-fill</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-color">color</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>viewport-fill-opacity</td><td>as <a href="#animtype-color">color</a></td>
        </tr>
       </table> -->
 <h2 id="acknowledgments">Acknowledgments</h2>
 <p>Thanks especially to the feedback from
 Tab Atkins,
 Carine Bournez,
 Aryeh Gregor,
 Vincent Hardy,
 Cameron McCormack,
 Alex Mogilevsky,
 and all the rest of the
 <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/">www-style</a> community.</p>
 <h2 id="references">References</h2>
 <h3 class="no-num" id="normative-references">Normative references</h3>
 <!--normative-->
 <h3 class="no-num" id="other-references">Other references</h3>
 <!--informative-->
 <h2 class="no-num" id="property-index">Property index</h2>
 <!-- properties -->
 <h2 class="no-num" id="index">Index</h2>
 <!--index-->
 </body>
 </html>
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